## FusionAuth.io Full Documentation

# User Action API

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-scoped-operation.mdx';
import ActionUserRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_action-user-request-body.mdx';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import ActionUserResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_action-user-response-body.mdx';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import ActionUserListResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_action-user-list-response-body.mdx';
import ActionUserUpdateRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_action-user-update-request-body.mdx';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';

This page contains the APIs that are used for actioning users.

<Aside type="note">
Refer to the [User Actions guide](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/user-actions) for an overview of how to use User Actions.
</Aside>

Once you have created the User Actions, either via the administrative user interface or the [User Actions API](/docs/apis/user-actions), you use this API to invoke a User Action on a User.

## Take an Action on a User

This API is used to take a User Action on a User. User Actions are the method that FusionAuth uses to discipline, reward and interact with Users.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/user/action" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Take an action on a User"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<ActionUserRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the User Action along with any event and email information that was generated by FusionAuth.

<StandardPostResponseCodes webhook_event />

<ActionUserResponseBody userActionIncludeHistory={false} userActionJSONFile="take-response.json" />


## Retrieve a Previously Taken Action

This API is used to retrieve a User Action that was previously taken on a User, this can be thought of as the log or historical record.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user/action/{actionId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a specific User Action Log by Id."/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="actionId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Action to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user/action?userId={userId}&active={active}&preventingLogin={preventingLogin}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve all the Actions for a specific User by the User Id."/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the User for which to retrieve all of the Actions.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="active" type="Boolean" optional>
    When this parameter is provided and set to `true`, only active actions will be returned. When this parameter is provided and set to `false`, only the inactive actions will be returned. When this parameter is omitted, all actions will be returned.

    An active action is a time based action that has not yet expired or been canceled. An inactive action is either a time based action that has expired, canceled or an action that is not time based.

    This parameter and `preventingLogin` are mutually exclusive.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="preventingLogin" type="Boolean" optional since="1.4.0">
    When this value is provided and set to `true`, only active actions that are preventing the user from login will be returned. Omitting this parameter, or setting this parameter to `false` does not affect the API behavior.

    This parameter and `active` are mutually exclusive because an action that is preventing login is always active.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

### Response

The response for this API contains either a single User Action Log or a list of User Actions Logs for a User. If you specified an `actionId` on the URI the response will contain the User Action Log for that Id. If you pass in a `userId` as a URL parameter the response will contain all of the User Action Logs for that User. Both responses are defined below along with an example JSON response.

<StandardGetResponseCodes />

<ActionUserResponseBody userActionIncludeHistory userActionJSONFile="response.json" />

<ActionUserListResponseBody userActionIncludeHistory userActionJSONFile="response.json" />

## Update a Previously Taken Action

This API is used to update a User Action that was previously taken on a User. User Actions are the method that FusionAuth uses to discipline, reward and interact with Users.

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/user/action/{actionId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Update an in progress Action by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="actionId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the User Action being updated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<ActionUserUpdateRequestBody userActionJSONFile="update-request.json" />

### Response

The response for this API contains the User Action along with any event and email information that was generated by FusionAuth.

<StandardPutResponseCodes webhook_event />

<ActionUserResponseBody userActionIncludeHistory="true" userActionJSONFile="response.json" />

## Cancel a Previously Taken Action

This API is used to cancel a User Action that was previously taken on a User. User Actions are the method that FusionAuth uses to discipline, reward and interact with Users.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/user/action/{actionId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Cancel in progress Action by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="actionId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the User Action being canceled.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<ActionUserUpdateRequestBody userActionJSONFile="cancel-request.json" />

### Response

The response for this API contains the User Action along with any event and email information that was generated by FusionAuth.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes webhook_event />

<ActionUserResponseBody userActionIncludeHistory="true" userActionJSONFile="cancel-response.json" />

# API Explorer

import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import SwaggerExplorer from 'src/content/docs/apis/_swagger-explorer.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

This tool uses the [FusionAuth OpenAPI specification](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-openapi) to let you explore the APIs FusionAuth offers.

This is designed to be used against a local FusionAuth instance.

## Prerequisites

FusionAuth can be locally installed or used as a SaaS solution. This API explorer is useful only for a local installation. 

Please install FusionAuth locally, using [Docker or any other supported method](/docs/get-started/download-and-install), to use the [Explorer](#explorer).

After you install FusionAuth, make sure you have [created an API key with the correct permissions](/docs/apis/authentication#managing-api-keys). This API key will not be stored.

## Configuration

This tool defaults to using the latest version of the FusionAuth API. If you are using a different version, find the [correct version](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-openapi/tags) and update the URL in the input box, then click <InlineField>Explore</InlineField>.

For example, to view the `1.40.0` release, put `https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-openapi/1.40.0/openapi.yaml` in the YAML URL input.

Click on the <InlineField>Authorize</InlineField> button to add the FusionAuth API key you created above. You will need to do this every time you reload the page.

### In-Browser API Calls

If you want to use the in-browser API explorer, you have to configure CORS on the local FusionAuth instance. Doing so is not required if using the example curl commands to call the API from the command line.

To set up CORS:

* Log in to your FusionAuth administrative user interface
* Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> System</Breadcrumb>
* Enable <InlineField>CORS</InlineField>.
* Update <InlineField>Allowed headers</InlineField> to include `authorization`, `accept` and `content-type` headers.
* Check all the <InlineField>Allowed methods</InlineField>
* Set <InlineField>Allowed origins</InlineField> to your origin. You can also use the value of `*`, which allows any origin to connect.

<Aside type="caution">
Do not run your production FusionAuth instance with CORS configured to be this open.

For development and exploration, this is acceptable.
</Aside>

<img src="/img/docs/apis/cors-settings-api-explorer.png" alt="CORS settings for the API explorer" width="1200" />

## Explorer

<SwaggerExplorer />

# API Keys

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import ApikeyPostPutRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_apikey-post-put-request-body.mdx';
import ApikeyCopyRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_apikey-copy-request-body.mdx';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import ApikeyPostPutResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_apikey-post-put-response-body.mdx';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import ApikeyGetResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_apikey-get-response-body.mdx';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

<Aside type="version">
Available since `1.26.0`
</Aside>

The FusionAuth APIs are primarily secured using API keys. This API can only be accessed using an API key that has a `keyManager` attribute of `true`. In order to retrieve, update or delete an API key, an API key with equal or greater permissions must be used. A "tenant-scoped" API key can retrieve, create, update or delete an API key for the same tenant. This page describes APIs that are used to manage API keys.

Here's a brief video covering the API keys API:

<YouTube id="xY_3Xnpqin8" />

Please refer to the [Authentication](/docs/apis/authentication#) document for more details about using API keys.

## The Key Manager Setting

<Aside type="note">
This API can only be used by API keys with the <InlineField>Key manager</InlineField> setting enabled.
</Aside>

Below is an image of an API key being created in the administrative user interface with <InlineField>Key manager</InlineField> enabled:

<img src="/img/docs/apis/api-key-api-key-manager.png" alt="The Key Manager Setting" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

For security purposes, the <InlineField>Key manager</InlineField> setting may be modified only using the administrative user interface or Kickstart. It can't be changed using this API.

## Create an API Key

This API is used to create a new API Key. An API key with key manager permission set to `true` can create keys. An API key that is tenant scoped can create another key for the same tenant.

A key with key manager permissions can not be created using this API. Only through admin UI or kickstart can you create such a key.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/api-key" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a new Key with a randomly generated Id"/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/api-key/{apiKeyId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a new Key with the provided unique Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="apiKeyId" type="UUID" optional immutable defaults="a generated UUID">
    The unique Id of the API Key to create. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<ApikeyPostPutRequestBody apikey_create_request />

<API method="POST" uri="/api/api-key/" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a new Key from an existing Key with a randomly generated Id"/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/api-key/{apiKeyId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a new Key from an existing Key with the provided unique Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="apiKeyId" type="UUID" optional defaults="a generated UUID">
    The unique Id of the API Key to create. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


<ApikeyCopyRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Key that was created.

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

<ApikeyPostPutResponseBody apikey_create_response />

## Retrieve an API Key

This API is used to retrieve a single API Key by unique Id. To retrieve a key, an API key with equal or greater permissions must be used.

<API method="GET" uri="/api/api-key/{apiKeyId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve an API Key by unique Id"/>

### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="apiKeyId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the API Key to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API contains a single API Key. The response is defined below along with an example JSON response.

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error />

<ApikeyGetResponseBody />


## Update an API Key

This API is used to update an existing API Key. A tenant-scoped API key can update another API key for the same tenant.

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/api-key/{apiKeyId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Update the Key with the given Id"/>

### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="apiKeyId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the API Key to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<ApikeyPostPutRequestBody apikey_update_request />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Key that was updated.

<StandardPutResponseCodes never_search_error />

<ApikeyPostPutResponseBody apikey_update_response />

## Delete an API Key

This API is used to delete a Key. Deletion is possible only with another API key with equal or greater permissions. A tenant-scoped API key can delete another API key for the same tenant.

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/api-key/{apiKeyId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete the API Key with the given Id"/>

### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="apiKeyId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the API Key to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes never_search_error />

# Application API

import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import ApplicationCopyRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_application-copy-request-body.mdx';
import ApplicationOauthConfigurationResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_application-oauth-configuration-response-body.mdx';
import ApplicationRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_application-request-body.mdx';
import ApplicationResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_application-response-body.mdx';
import ApplicationsResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_applications-response-body.mdx';
import ApplicationResponseBodyBase from 'src/content/docs/apis/_application-response-body-base.mdx';
import ApplicationSearchRequestParameters from 'src/content/docs/apis/_application-search-request-parameters.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import RoleResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_role-response-body.mdx';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderCreateOperation from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-create-operation.mdx';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-scoped-operation.mdx';

This page contains the APIs that are used to manage Applications as well as the Roles of an Application. Here are the APIs:

## Create an Application

This API is used to create an Application. Specifying an Id on the URI will instruct FusionAuth to use that Id when creating the Application. Otherwise, FusionAuth will generate an Id for the Application.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/application" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create an Application with a randomly generated Id"/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/application/{applicationId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create an Application with the provided unique Id"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderCreateOperation />

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" optional immutable defaults="a generated UUID">
    The Id to use for the new Application, which must be unique across all Tenants. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<ApplicationRequestBody is_create />

<Aside type="version">
This API has been available since 1.43.0
</Aside>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/application" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create an Application from an existing Application with a randomly generated Id"/>

<Aside type="version">
This API has been available since 1.43.0
</Aside>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/application/{applicationId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create an Application from an existing Application with the provided unique Id"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderCreateOperation />

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" optional immutable defaults="a generated UUID">
    The Id to use for the new Application. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<ApplicationCopyRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the information for the Application that was created.

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

<ApplicationResponseBody />


## Retrieve an Application

This API is used to retrieve one or all of the configured Applications. Specifying an Id on the URI will retrieve a single Application. Leaving off the Id will retrieve all of the Applications.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/application" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve all of the active Applications"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<API method="GET" uri="/api/application?inactive=true" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve all of the inactive Applications"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="inactive" type="Boolean" optional>
    Set this parameter to `true` in order to retrieve only inactive Applications. Setting this parameter to `false` is equivalent omitting the `inactive` parameter.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/application/{applicationId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a single Application by Id"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" optional>
    The Id of the Application to retrieve. This request will return the Application if it exists regardless if the Application is active or not.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API contains either a single Application or all of the Applications. When you call this API with an Id the response will contain just that Application. When you call this API without an Id the response will contain all of the Applications. Both response types are defined below along with an example JSON response.

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error />

<ApplicationResponseBody />

<ApplicationsResponseBody />


## Update an Application

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment capitalized_object_name="Application" />

<Aside type="note">
You can't update an Application's roles or OAuth scopes via this API. This prevents you from accidentally removing all the roles or scopes of an Application.

To create, update or remove a role from the Application, you need to call one of these APIs:

* [Create an Application Role](#create-an-application-role)
* [Update an Application Role](#update-an-application-role)
* [Delete an Application Role](#delete-an-application-role)

To create, update or remove an OAuth scope from the Application, you need to call one of these APIs:

* [Create an OAuth Scope](/docs/apis/scopes#create-an-oauth-scope)
* [Update an OAuth Scope](/docs/apis/scopes#update-an-oauth-scope)
* [Delete an OAuth Scope](/docs/apis/scopes#delete-an-oauth-scope)

</Aside>

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/application/{applicationId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true}title="Update an Application by Id"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<ApplicationRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the new information for the Application that was updated.

<StandardPutResponseCodes never_search_error />

<ApplicationResponseBody />

## Search for Applications

<Aside type="version">
This API has been available since 1.45.0
</Aside>

This API is used to search for Applications and may be called using the `GET` or `POST` HTTP methods. Examples of each are provided below. The `POST` method is provided to allow for a richer request object without worrying about exceeding the maximum length of a URL. Calling this API with either the `GET` or `POST` HTTP method will provide the same search results given the same query parameters.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/application/search?name={name}&state={state}&tenantId={tenantId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Applications"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Parameters

<ApplicationSearchRequestParameters parameter_prefix="" />

<API method="POST" uri="/api/application/search" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Applications"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

When calling the API using a `POST` request you will send the search criteria in a JSON request body.

#### Request Body

<ApplicationSearchRequestParameters parameter_prefix="search." />

<JSON title="Example JSON Request" src="applications/search-post-request.json" />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Applications matching the search criteria in paginated format.

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_missing never_search_error />

#### Response Body

<ApplicationResponseBodyBase base_field_name={"applications"} search_result />

## Delete an Application

This API is used to delete an Application. You must specify the Id of the Application on the URI. You can also specify whether or not the Application is soft or hard deleted. Soft deleted Applications are marked as inactive but not deleted from FusionAuth.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/application/{applicationId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Soft delete an Application. This operation can be reversed by re-activating the Application."/>

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/application/{applicationId}?hardDelete=true" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Permanently delete an Application. This operation cannot be reversed."/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Application to delete.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="hardDelete" type="Boolean" optional>
    Whether or not the Application is soft or hard deleted. A hard delete is a permanent operation.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes never_search_error />

## Reactivate an Application

This API is used to reactivate an inactive Application. You must specify the Id of the Application on the URI.

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/application/{applicationId}?reactivate=true" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Reactivate the Application"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Application to reactivate.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API contains the information for the Application that was reactivated.

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error />

<ApplicationResponseBody />

## Create an Application Role

This API is used to create a role for an Application. Specifying an Id on the URI will instruct FusionAuth to use that Id when creating the role. Otherwise, FusionAuth will generate an Id for the role.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/application/{applicationId}/role" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Role with a randomly generated Id"/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/application/{applicationId}/role/{roleId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Role with a provided unique Id"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="roleId" type="UUID" optional immutable defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new role. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="role.description" type="String" optional>
    A description for the role.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="role.name" type="String" required>
    The name of the Role.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="role.isDefault" type="Boolean" optional defaults="false">
    Whether or not the Role is a default role. A default role is automatically assigned to a user during registration if no roles are provided.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="role.isSuperRole" type="Boolean" optional defaults="false">
    Whether or not the Role is a considered to be a super user role. This is a marker to indicate that it supersedes all other roles. FusionAuth will attempt to enforce this contract when using the web UI, it is not enforced programmatically when using the API.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Request JSON" src="applications/role-request.json" />

### Response

The response for this API contains the information for the role that was created.

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

<RoleResponseBody />


## Update an Application Role

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment extra_id_verbiage="You must specify the Application Id and the Role Id on the URI to identify the role that is being updated." capitalized_object_name="Application Role" />

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/application/{applicationId}/role/{roleId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update an Application Role by Id"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" immutable required>
    The Id of the Application to which the Role belongs.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="roleId" type="UUID" immutable required>
    The Id of the Role that is being updated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="role.description" type="String" optional>
    A description for the role.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="role.name" type="String" required>
    The name of the Role.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="role.isDefault" type="Boolean" optional defaults="false">
    Whether or not the Role is a default role. A default role is automatically assigned to a user during registration if no roles are provided. More than one role can be marked as default.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="role.isSuperRole" type="Boolean" optional defaults="false">
    Whether or not the Role is a considered to be a super user role. This is a marker to indicate that it supersedes all other roles. FusionAuth will attempt to enforce this contract when using the web UI, it is not enforced programmatically when using the API.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Request JSON" src="applications/role-request.json" />

### Response

The response for this API contains the new information for the role that was updated.

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

<RoleResponseBody />


## Delete an Application Role

This API is used to delete a role from an Application.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/application/{applicationId}/role/{roleId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete an Application Role by Id"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Application to which the role belongs.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="roleId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the role to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/application/{applicationId}/role?name={name}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete an Application Role by name"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Application to which the role belongs.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="name" type="String" required>
    The name of the role to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes never_search_error />

## Retrieve OAuth Configuration

This API is used to retrieve the Application OAuth configuration. When an API key is provided on the request the OAuth client secret
will also be returned. When this API is called without authentication the client secret will not be returned in the response body.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/application/{applicationId}/oauth-configuration" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve the OAuth Configuration for an Application"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Application to retrieve the OAuth configuration.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes no_authorization never_search_error />

<ApplicationOauthConfigurationResponseBody />

# Audit Log API

import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';

This page contains the APIs that are used to manage the Audit Log. Here are the APIs:

## Add an Entry to the Audit Log

This API allows you to insert an Audit Log. Generally, Audit Logs are created automatically whenever an admin does something from the FusionAuth UI. However, you can use this API to insert Audit Logs directly if you need.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/system/audit-log" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create an Audit Log"/>

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="auditLog.data" type="Object" optional>
    An object that can hold additional details of an audit log.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="auditLog.newValue" type="String" optional>
    Intended to be utilized during a change to record the new value.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="auditLog.oldValue" type="String" optional>
    Intended to be utilized during a change to record the old value prior to the change.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="auditLog.reason" type="String" optional>
    Intended to be utilized during a change to indicate the reason for the modification.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="auditLog.insertUser" type="String" required>
    The user that took the action that is being written to the Audit Logs. We suggest you use email addresses for this field.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="auditLog.message" type="String" required>
    The message of the Audit Log.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Request JSON" src="audit-logs/create-request.json" />

### Response

The response for this API does not contain a body. It only contains a status code.

<StandardPostResponseCodes />

## Retrieve an Audit Log

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/system/audit-log/{logId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve an Audit Log by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="logId" type="Long" required>
    The unique Id of the Audit Log to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes />

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="auditLog.data" type="Object">
    Additional details of an audit log.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="auditLog.newValue" type="String">
    The new value of a changed object.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="auditLog.oldValue" type="String">
    The previous value of a changed object.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="auditLog.reason" type="String">
    The reason why the audit log was created.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="auditLog.id" type="Long">
    The Audit Log unique Id.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="auditLog.insertInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) when the Audit Log was created.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="auditLog.insertUser" type="String">
    The user that created the Audit Log.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="auditLog.message" type="String">
    The message of the Audit Log.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example JSON Response" src="audit-logs/response.json" />

## Search the Audit Log

This API allows you to search and paginate through the Audit Logs.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/system/audit-log/search?message={message}&start={start}&end={end}&user={user}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Searches the Audit Logs using the given search criteria"/>

When calling the API using a `GET` request you will send the search criteria on the URL using request parameters. In order to simplify the example URL above, not every possible parameter is shown, however using the provided pattern you may add any of the documented request parameters to the URL.

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="end" type="Long" optional>
    The end [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) of the date/time range to search within.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="message" type="String" optional>
    The string to search in the Audit Log message for. This can contain wildcards using the asterisk character (`*`). If no wildcards are present, this parameter value will be interpreted as `*value*`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="newValue" type="String" optional since="1.30.0">
    The string to search for in the Audit Log field for <InlineField>newValue</InlineField>. Note, that not all audit log entries will contain this field, it is primarily used for Audit Logs for updates to existing objects.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="numberOfResults" type="Integer" optional defaults="25">
    The number of results to return from the search.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="oldValue" type="String" optional since="1.30.0">
    The string to search for in the Audit Log field for <InlineField>oldValue</InlineField>. Note, that not all audit log entries will contain this field, it is primarily used for Audit Logs for updates to existing objects.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="orderBy" type="String" optional defaults="insertInstant DESC">
    The database column to order the search results on plus the order direction.

    The possible values are:

     * `insertInstant` - the [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) when the Audit Log was created
     * `insertUser` - the user that create the Audit Log
     * `message` - the message of the Audit Log

    For example, to order the results by the insert instant in a descending order, the value would be provided as `insertInstant DESC`. The final string is optional can be set to `ASC` or `DESC`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="reason" type="String" optional since="1.30.0">
    The string to search for in the Audit Log field for <InlineField>reason</InlineField>. Note, that not all audit log entries will contain this field.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="start" type="Long" optional>
    The start [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) of the date/time range to search within.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="startRow" type="Integer" optional defaults="0">
    The offset row to return results from. If the search has 200 records in it and this is 50, it starts with row 50.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="user" type="String" optional>
    The string to search in the Audit Log user for. This can contain wildcards using the asterisk character (`*`). If no wildcards are present, this parameter value will be interpreted as `*value*`.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/system/audit-log/search" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Searches the Audit Logs using the given search criteria"/>

When calling the API using a `POST` request you will send the search criteria in a JSON request body.

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="search.end" type="Long" optional>
    The end [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) of the date/time range to search within.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.message" type="String" optional>
    The string to search in the Audit Log message for. This can contain wildcards using the asterisk character (`*`). If no wildcards are present, this parameter value will be interpreted as `*value*`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.newValue" type="String" optional since="1.30.0">
    The string to search for in the Audit Log field for <InlineField>newValue</InlineField>. Note, that not all audit log entries will contain this field, it is primarily used for Audit Logs for updates to existing objects.

    In versions >= 1.49.0 sensitive values may be masked.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.numberOfResults" type="Integer" optional defaults="25">
    The number of results to return from the search.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.oldValue" type="String" optional since="1.30.0">
    The string to search for in the Audit Log field for <InlineField>oldValue</InlineField>. Note, that not all audit log entries will contain this field, it is primarily used for Audit Logs for updates to existing objects.

    In versions >= 1.49.0 sensitive values may be masked.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.orderBy" type="String" optional defaults="insertInstant DESC">
    The database column to order the search results on plus the order direction.

    The possible values are:

     * `insertInstant` - the [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) when the Audit Log was created
     * `insertUser` - the user that create the Audit Log
     * `message` - the message of the Audit Log

    For example, to order the results by the insert instant in a descending order, the value would be provided as `insertInstant DESC`. The final string is optional can be set to `ASC` or `DESC`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.reason" type="String" optional since="1.30.0">
    The string to search for in the Audit Log field for <InlineField>reason</InlineField>. Note, that not all audit log entries will contain this field.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.start" type="Long" optional>
    The start [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) of the date/time range to search within.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.startRow" type="Integer" optional defaults="0">
    The offset row to return results from. If the search has 200 records in it and this is 50, it starts with row 50.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.user" type="String" optional>
    The string to search in the Audit Log user for. This can contain wildcards using the asterisk character (`*`). If no wildcards are present, this parameter value will be interpreted as `*value*`.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API contains the Audit Logs matching the search criteria in paginated format.

<StandardGetResponseCodes />

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="auditLogs" type="Array">
    The list of Audit Logs returned by the search.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="auditLogs[x].data" type="Object">
    Additional details of an audit log.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="auditLogs[x].data.newValue" type="String">
    The new value of a changed object.

    In versions >= 1.49.0 sensitive values may be masked.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="auditLogs[x].data.oldValue" type="String">
    The previous value of a changed object.

    In versions >= 1.49.0 sensitive values may be masked.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="auditLogs[x].data.reason" type="String">
    The reason why the audit log was created.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="auditLogs[x].id" type="Long">
    The Audit Log unique Id.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="auditLogs[x].insertInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) when the Audit Log was created.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="auditLogs[x].insertUser" type="String">
    The user that created the Audit Log.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="auditLogs[x].message" type="String">
    The message of the Audit Log.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="total" type="Integer">
    The total number of Audit Logs matching the search criteria. Use this value along with the <InlineField>numberOfResults</InlineField> and <InlineField>startRow</InlineField> in the Search request to perform pagination.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example JSON Response" src="audit-logs/search-response.json" />

## Export Audit Logs

<Aside type="version">
Available Since Version 1.7.0
</Aside>

This API is used to export the Audit Logs, the response will be a compressed zip archive.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/system/audit-log/export?message={message}&start={start}&end={end}&user={user}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Export the Audit Logs matching the criteria"/>

When calling the API using a `GET` request you will send the export criteria on the URL using request parameters. In order to simplify the example URL above, not every possible parameter is shown, however using the provided pattern you may add any of the documented request parameters to the URL.

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="dateTimeSecondsFormat" type="String" optional>
    The format string used to format the date and time columns in the export result.

    When this parameter is omitted a default format of `M/d/yyyy hh:mm:ss a z` will be used. See the [DateTimeFormatter patterns](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/time/format/DateTimeFormatter.html) for additional examples.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="end" type="Long" optional>
    The end [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) of the date/time range to search within.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="message" type="String" optional>
    The string to search in the Audit Log message for. This can contain wildcards using the asterisk character (`*`). If no wildcards are present, this parameter value will be interpreted as `*value*`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="start" type="Long" optional>
    The start [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) of the date/time range to search within.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="user" type="String" optional>
    The string to search in the Audit Log user for. This can contain wildcards using the asterisk character (`*`). If no wildcards are present, this parameter value will be interpreted as `*value*`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="zoneId" type="String" optional>
    The [time zone](/docs/reference/data-types#time-zone) used to adjust the stored UTC time in the export result.

    For example:

    > `America/Denver` or `US/Mountain`

    When this parameter is omitted the configured default report time zone will be used. See <InlineField>reportTimezone</InlineField> in the [System Configuration API](/docs/apis/system).
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/system/audit-log/export" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Export the Audit Logs matching the criteria"/>

When calling the API using a `POST` request you will send the export criteria in a JSON request body.

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="criteria.end" type="Long" optional>
    The end [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) of the date/time range to include in the export.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="criteria.message" type="String" optional>
    The string to search in the Audit Log message for. This can contain wildcards using the asterisk character (`*`). If no wildcards are present, this parameter value will be interpreted as `*value*`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="criteria.start" type="Long" optional>
    The start [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) of the date/time range to include in the export.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="criteria.user" type="String" optional>
    The string to search in the Audit Log user for. This can contain wildcards using the asterisk character (`*`). If no wildcards are present, this parameter value will be interpreted as `*value*`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="dateTimeSecondsFormat" type="String" optional>
    The format string used to format the date and time columns in the export result.

    When this parameter is omitted a default format of `M/d/yyyy hh:mm:ss a z` will be used. See the [DateTimeFormatter patterns](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/time/format/DateTimeFormatter.html) for additional examples.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="zoneId" type="String" optional>
    The [time zone](/docs/reference/data-types#time-zone) used to adjust the stored UTC time in the export result.

    For example:

    > `America/Denver` or `US/Mountain`

    When this parameter is omitted the configured default report time zone will be used. See <InlineField>reportTimezone</InlineField> in the [System Configuration API](/docs/apis/system).
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API will contain a compressed zip of the audit logs.

<StandardGetResponseCodes success_code="200" success_message="The request was successful. The response will be a compressed archive byte stream with a `Content-Type` of `application/zip`." />

# Authenticate with FusionAuth APIs

import APIAuthenticationIcon from "src/components/api/APIAuthenticationIcon.astro";
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import APIKeyCrossTenantNote from 'src/content/docs/apis/_api-key-cross-tenant-note.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import ClientSideApiKeys from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_client-side-api-keys.mdx';
import NewApiKey401 from 'src/content/docs/apis/_new-api-key-401.mdx';
import EnterprisePlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_enterprise-plan-blurb.astro';
import TenantAuthentication from 'src/content/docs/apis/_tenant-authentication.mdx';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';
import InlineField from '../../../components/InlineField.astro';

The FusionAuth APIs are primarily secured using API keys. A few APIs may use alternate credentials, such as a JWT, basic authentication. Certain APIs are accessible with no authentication. All secured APIs will return an `401 Unauthorized` response if improper credentials are provided.

Each API endpoint is marked with an icon describing supported authentication methods:

* <APIAuthenticationIcon classList={["mr-1"]} type="api-key"/> [API Key Authentication](#api-key-authentication)
* <APIAuthenticationIcon classList={["mr-1"]} type="basic"/> [Basic Authentication using an API Key](#basic-authentication-using-an-api-key)
* <APIAuthenticationIcon classList={["mr-1"]} type="client-credentials"/> [Client Credentials](#client-credentials)
* <APIAuthenticationIcon classList={["mr-1"]} type="jwt"/> [JWT Authentication](#jwt-authentication)
* <APIAuthenticationIcon classList={["mr-1"]} type="none"/> [No Authentication Required](#no-authentication-required)
* <APIAuthenticationIcon classList={["mr-1"]} type="local-bypass"/> [Localhost Authentication Bypass](#localhost-authentication-bypass)

You can also learn about:

Below you will find a detailed explanation of each type of authentication used in the API documentation.

## API Key Authentication

When an API is marked with a red locked icon such as <APIAuthenticationIcon classList={["px-1"]} type="api-key"/> it means you are required to provide an API key.

To enable access to a secured API, create one or more API keys. The API key is then supplied in the HTTP request using the Authorization header. See [Managing API Keys](#managing-api-keys) for more information on adding additional keys.

The following example demonstrates the HTTP Authorization header with an API key of: `7DUrRlA75b5LBRARYoTmScCTk6G6U1nG8R9mr7MGnvzA7AMxEXAMPLE`

```properties
Authorization: 7DUrRlA75b5LBRARYoTmScCTk6G6U1nG8R9mr7MGnvzA7AMxEXAMPLE
```

The following is a curl example using the Authorization header using the above API key to retrieve a user. The line breaks and spaces are for readability.

```shell
curl -H 'Authorization: 7DUrRlA75b5LBRARYoTmScCTk6G6U1nG8R9mr7MGnvzA7AMxEXAMPLE' \
     'https://local.fusionauth.io/api/user?email=richard@piedpiper.com'
```

Here's a brief video covering some aspects of API keys:

<YouTube id="eJWRKjd4DV4"></YouTube>


## Basic Authentication using an API Key

<Aside type="version">
This authentication method has been available since 1.27.0
</Aside>

When an API endpoint is marked with a shield such as <APIAuthenticationIcon classList={["px-1"]} type="basic"/> it means you call this API and authenticate using HTTP basic authentication. HTTP basic authentication is a simple, standards based, authentication method. A username and password are supplied, separated by a `:`. It must be prefaced by the string `Basic` and a space. The `username:password` string is base64 encoded.

When using this authentication method in FusionAuth for an API, the username must be the string `apikey` in lowercase. The password may be any API key with the appropriate permission for the endpoint being called.

Basic authentication using an API key is only utilized by a select few FusionAuth APIs. These are typically integrated with other software packages which expect such an authentication method.

### Authorization Header Examples

The following example demonstrates the HTTP Basic Authorization header.
```properties
Authorization: Basic YXBpa2V5OjY5Y1dxVW8wNGhpNFdMdUdBT2IzMmRXZXQwalpkVzBtSkNjOU9yLUxEamNIUXFMSzJnR29mS3plZg==
```

The following is a curl example using the HTTP Basic Authorization header with a line break and spaces for readability.
```shell
curl -X GET  \
-H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpa2V5OjY5Y1dxVW8wNGhpNFdMdUdBT2IzMmRXZXQwalpkVzBtSkNjOU9yLUxEamNIUXFMSzJnR29mS3plZg==' \
'https://local.fusionauth.io/api/prometheus/metrics'
```

## Client Credentials

When an API is marked with a blue passport icon such as <APIAuthenticationIcon classList={["px-1"]} type="client-credentials"/>, the authorization becomes a two step process. To complete the process and generate a token you must:

* Use the `client_credentials` grant to obtain a JSON Web Token (JWT). The requester should be granted the appropriate permissions on the target entity.
* Make a request of the API with the JWT in the `Authorization` header using the `Bearer` scheme.

If the JWT is expired or incorrect, the request will fail.

The requesting and target entities, as well as permissions, are all managed using [Entities](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/entity-management).

## Client Credentials Examples

Here is an example [client credentials grant using Entities](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/#example-client-credentials-grant).

Here's another example. First, you get the token:

```shell title="Curl example to retrieve JWT"
curl -u "eb6fce6a-4ed8-4010-8091-1709fc823329:_7bz1Ct1Sode-zIyevcQFSyzW9w3TkfKSWuS-Ls8vQQ" \
  https://local.fusionauth.io/oauth2/token \
  -d 'grant_type=client_credentials&scope=target-entity:a647e989-1c7e-4386-9ec6-fa4fe6908906:scim:user:read'
```

Here's an example JWT that might be returned:

```properties title="SCIM request example Authorization header"
Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCIsImd0eSI6WyJjbGllbnRfY3JlZGVudGlhbHMiXSwia2lkIjoiMDUzYWE1Y2QxIiwidXNlIjoic2NpbV9zZXJ2ZXIifQ.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.XNLUF-8IT5Mh411uD0jOb_3aaT5YJrbM6q4PZrOxfbQ
```

After retrieving the JWT, place it in the `Authorization` header with a prefix of `Bearer `. Then you call the API endpoint:

```shell title="Curl example to call API"
curl -XGET -H "Authorization: Bearer eyJhbG..." 'https://local.fusionauth.io/api/scim/resource/v2/Users'
```

## JWT Authentication

When an API is marked with a red key icon such as <APIAuthenticationIcon classList={["px-1"]} type="jwt"/> it means you may call this API without
an API key. Instead, provide a JSON Web Token (JWT). A JWT is obtained from the Login API or an OAuth grant. The token will also be provided as an HTTP Only Session cookie. If cookies are being managed for you by the browser or some
other RESTful client, the JWT cookie will automatically be sent to FusionAuth on your behalf. In this case, you may omit the `Authorization` header.

### Authorization Header Examples

The following example demonstrates the HTTP Authorization header using the `Bearer` scheme.

```properties
Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJleHAiOjE0ODUxNDA5ODQsImlhdCI6MTQ4NTEzNzM4NCwiaXNzIjoiYWNtZS5jb20iLCJzdWIiOiIyOWFjMGMxOC0wYjRhLTQyY2YtODJmYy0wM2Q1NzAzMThhMWQiLCJhcHBsaWNhdGlvbklkIjoiNzkxMDM3MzQtOTdhYi00ZDFhLWFmMzctZTAwNmQwNWQyOTUyIiwicm9sZXMiOltdfQ.Mp0Pcwsz5VECK11Kf2ZZNF_SMKu5CgBeLN9ZOP04kZo
```

The following is a curl example using the HTTP Authorization header using the `Bearer` scheme with a line break and spaces for readability.


```shell
curl -H 'Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJleHAiOjE0ODUxNDA5ODQsImlhdCI6MTQ4NTEzNzM4NCwiaXNzIjoiYWNtZS5jb20iLCJzdWIiOiIyOWFjMGMxOC0wYjRhLTQyY2YtODJmYy0wM2Q1NzAzMThhMWQiLCJhcHBsaWNhdGlvbklkIjoiNzkxMDM3MzQtOTdhYi00ZDFhLWFmMzctZTAwNmQwNWQyOTUyIiwicm9sZXMiOltdfQ.Mp0Pcwsz5VECK11Kf2ZZNF_SMKu5CgBeLN9ZOP04kZo' \
     https://example.fusionauth.io/api/user
```

<Aside type="version">
  DPoP bound JWTs have been available since 1.63.0
</Aside>

<EnterprisePlanBlurb />

The following example demonstrates the HTTP Authorization header using the `DPoP` scheme.

```properties
DPoP: eyJhbGciOiJFZDI1NTE5IiwidHlwIjoiZHBvcCtqd3QiLCJqd2siOnsiYWxnIjoiRWQyNTUxOSIsImNydiI6IkVkMjU1MTkiLCJrdHkiOiJPS1AiLCJ1c2UiOiJzaWciLCJ4IjoiUzZ1M2ZrY3d1bkxfNU5OeG8yXzB4NENpMVVGUlJqX1Jvd2tDbW1RUy1tVSJ9fQ.eyJleHAiOjE3NzE3ODMwMzUsImlhdCI6MTc3MTc4MzAwNSwianRpIjoiOGQ0ZDQ3N2EtMzNlZC00Yjc4LWI0OWEtNzliZmNkNzc2NGYzIiwiYXRoIjoieXlPc184MUNwZWJGNWlMamNaQkxtZyIsImh0bSI6IkdFVCIsImh0dSI6Imh0dHA6Ly9sb2NhbGhvc3Q6MTAwMDAvb2F1dGgyL3VzZXJpbmZvIn0.uLyqu--gG83WcYWZBRqQRYW0S8FF7eWd-NVp55UO3f91sRO9h6rFC6FmOYqNVlwMm-dARxelJ6y87JrCEUD2Cw
Authorization: DPoP eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCIsImtpZCI6IlI2RE9PZzZTVEN3Y09lM3p5SUkzeF9fRHRxTHEySGtiIn0.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.2ZtQH0quZEb9CeH257AeJub9jfL4YVsgoGO11IpoFhM
```

### Cookie Example

If a cookie is provided on a request to an endpoint which accepts an API key or an JWT, the API key will be preferred.

The following is an HTTP GET request with the JWT Access Token provided as a cookie.

```shell
GET /api/user HTTP/1.1
Cookie: access_token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJleHAiOjE0ODUxNDA5ODQsImlhdCI6MTQ4NTEzNzM4NCwiaXNzIjoiYWNtZS5jb20iLCJzdWIiOiIyOWFjMGMxOC0wYjRhLTQyY2YtODJmYy0wM2Q1NzAzMThhMWQiLCJhcHBsaWNhdGlvbklkIjoiNzkxMDM3MzQtOTdhYi00ZDFhLWFmMzctZTAwNmQwNWQyOTUyIiwicm9sZXMiOltdfQ.Mp0Pcwsz5VECK11Kf2ZZNF_SMKu5CgBeLN9ZOP04kZo
```

## No Authentication Required

When an API that is marked with a green unlocked icon such as <APIAuthenticationIcon classList={["px-1"]} type="none"/> it means that you are not required to provide an `Authorization` header as part of the request. The API is either designed to be publicly accessible or the request may take a parameter that is in itself secure.

## Localhost Authentication Bypass

Some APIs may be authenticated by the source IP address of the request. For example, if `fusionauth-app.local-metrics.enabled` is set to `true`,  `/api/prometheus/metrics` and `/api/status` will accept requests from `localhost` without any other form of authentication.

## Managing API Keys

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> API Keys</Breadcrumb> to manage API keys.

Create as many API keys as you like, each one may be optionally limited in ability to minimize security risk.

For example, the User API `/api/user` has five HTTP methods, `GET`, `POST`, `PUT`, `PATCH` and `DELETE`. While each API may have different semantics, in a general sense you can think of these HTTP methods as being retrieve, create, update, partial update, and delete respectively. With that in mind, if you'd like to create an API key that can only retrieve users, limit the API key to the `GET` method on the `/api/user` API.

When you create an API key, the key value is defaulted to a secure random value. However, the API key is a string, so you may set it to `super-secret-key`, a UUID such as `02e56c92-f5e1-4b0f-8298-b5103bc7add7`, or any other string value that you'd like. A long and random value makes a good API key because it is unique and difficult to guess, so allowing FusionAuth to create the key value is recommended.

### Managing API Keys via the API

Prior to version `1.26.0`, the FusionAuth administrative user interface was the only way to create API keys. This functionality was not available through an API. Starting from version 1.26.0, API keys may be created using an API. Please refer to the [API Key API](/docs/apis/api-keys) for more information.

### Create an API Key

![Create an API Key](/img/docs/create-api-key.png)

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Id">
    The unique Id of this API key.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Key">
    The unique string representing the API key. This is what is presented in the `Authorization` header for requests to FusionAuth.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Name">
    The name of this API key. If the <InlineField>Retrievable</InlineField> selector is set to `Not Retrievable`, this field is required.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Description">
    An optional description of this API key.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Retrievable">
    This selector allows you to determine whether or not an API key can be retrieved after it is created.

    The possible values are:
    * `Retrievable` - The API key can be retrieved after it is created. This is the default setting.
    * `Not Retrievable` - The API key cannot be retrieved after it is created. So keep it safe!

    If a key is `Not Retrievable` then a <InlineField>Name</InlineField> is required.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Tenant">
    The optional tenant to which this API key will be assigned. This value cannot be changed once the API key is created.

    When you assign an API key to a tenant, any requests made with this key will only be able to operate on users, applications, groups, and other entities in the selected tenant.

    <APIKeyCrossTenantNote />
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Endpoints">
    One or more endpoints this API key will be authorized to access.

    Selecting no endpoints will **authorize this key for all API endpoints**.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Key Manager">
    Enable to have this key be a key manager. When a key is a key manager, it can be used to call the [API keys APIs](/docs/apis/api-keys#).

    Being able to create other API keys via the API is a **privileged operation**. Use it wisely.

    Any attempt to call the API Keys API with a non-manager key (`keyManager` set to `false`) will return a HTTP response status code `401`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Access Control List">
    The optional [IP Access Control List](/docs/apis/ip-acl) for restricting the usage of this API key by network address.

    <EnterprisePlanBlurb />
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Expiration">
    The optional date and time at which this API key will expire and no longer be usable for API authentication.

    Any attempt to call an API with an expired key will result in a `401` response code.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<TenantAuthentication />

## API Key Permissions

Each API Key can be granted zero or more endpoint permissions.
Each permission corresponds to an endpoint and an HTTP method.
API keys are limited to the allowed endpoints and HTTP methods.

<Aside type="caution">
If you do not grant any endpoint permissions to an API key, the key has access to *all endpoints* and is essentially a 'super user' key.
</Aside>

These permissions are managed via the [API Key API](/docs/apis/api-keys) or in the administrative user interface under the <InlineUIElement>Endpoints</InlineUIElement> section.
When using the administrative user interface, you may click on the HTTP method column or the endpoint row.
Either will toggle all the settings for the column or row, respectively.

![API Key endpoint permissions.](/img/docs/apis/api-key-endpoint-permissions.png)

For example, if you were to grant an API key `POST` permissions on `/api/user`, the API key would be able to create users in FusionAuth.
Any calls with this API key would be denied access to any other functionality, including listing users, creating applications, and deleting registrations.

Calling other endpoints would result in a `401` response code.

## Tenant Scoped API Keys

When you assign an API key to a tenant, any requests made with this key will only be able to operate on users, applications, groups, and other entities in the selected tenant.

<APIKeyCrossTenantNote />

Protect such API keys in the same way you would any other API key.

## Client Side API Keys

<ClientSideApiKeys />

## Troubleshooting

<NewApiKey401 />

# Generic Connector API

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import GenericRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/connectors/_generic-request-body.mdx';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import GenericResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/connectors/_generic-response-body.mdx';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.18.0`
</Aside>

The following APIs are provided to manage Generic Connectors.

## Create the Generic Connector

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/connector" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Generic Connector with a randomly generated Id."/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/connector/{connectorId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Generic Connector with the provided unique Id."/>

The <InlineField>type</InlineField> in the request JSON is used to determine that you are creating the Generic Connector.

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="connectorId" type="UUID" optional defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new Connector. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<GenericRequestBody />

### Response

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

<GenericResponseBody />

## Retrieve the Generic Connector

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/connector/{connectorId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve the Generic Connector by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="connectorId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Connector to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error />

<GenericResponseBody />

## Update the Generic Connector

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment capitalized_object_name="Generic Connector" />

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/connector/{connectorId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update the Generic Connector by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="connectorId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Connector to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<GenericRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Generic Connector.

<StandardPutResponseCodes never_search_error />

<GenericResponseBody />

## Delete the Generic Connector

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/connector/{connectorId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete the Generic Connector by Id"/>

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="connectorId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Connector to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes never_search_error />

# Connectors

import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import MultipleResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/connectors/_multiple-response-body.mdx';

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

A Connector is a named object that provides configuration for allowing authentication against external systems. When you configure a Connector, you can write flexible rules determining which users will use the Connector and whether to migrate the external user information to FusionAuth. FusionAuth will authenticate users against external systems. FusionAuth currently supports the following Connector types:

* [LDAP](/docs/apis/connectors/ldap)
* [Generic](/docs/apis/connectors/generic)

The type of the connector will determine the object's properties as well as the validation that is performed. You can click into any of the connector API docs to get a list of that connector's properties.

### Global Operations

## Retrieve all Connectors

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/connector" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve all Connectors"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/connector/{connectorId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a Connector by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="connectorId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Connector to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_missing never_search_error />

<MultipleResponseBody />

# LDAP Connector API

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import LdapRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/connectors/_ldap-request-body.mdx';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import LdapResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/connectors/_ldap-response-body.mdx';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.18.0`
</Aside>

The following APIs are provided to manage LDAP Connectors.

## Create the LDAP Connector

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/connector" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a LDAP Connector with a randomly generated Id."/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/connector/{connectorId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a LDAP Connector with the provided unique Id."/>

The <InlineField>type</InlineField> in the request JSON is used to determine that you are creating a LDAP Connector.

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="connectorId" type="UUID" optional defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new Connector. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<LdapRequestBody />

### Response

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

<LdapResponseBody />

## Retrieve the LDAP Connector

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/connector/{connectorId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve the LDAP Connector by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="connectorId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Connector to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error />

<LdapResponseBody />

## Update the LDAP Connector

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment capitalized_object_name="LDAP Connector" />

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/connector/{connectorId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update the LDAP Connector by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="connectorId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Connector to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<LdapRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the LDAP Connector.

<StandardPutResponseCodes never_search_error />

<LdapResponseBody />

## Delete the LDAP Connector

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/connector/{connectorId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete the LDAP Connector by Id"/>

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="connectorId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Connector to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes never_search_error />

# Consent API

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import ConsentRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_consent-request-body.mdx';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import ConsentResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_consent-response-body.mdx';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import ConsentsResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_consents-response-body.mdx';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';
import ConsentSearchRequestParameters from 'src/content/docs/apis/_consent-search-request-parameters.mdx';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-scoped-operation.mdx';
import UserConsentRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_user-consent-request-body.mdx';
import UserConsentResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_user-consent-response-body.mdx';
import UserConsentsResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_user-consents-response-body.mdx';

<Aside type="version">
Available since `1.7.0`
</Aside>

A FusionAuth Consent is a definition of a permission that can be given to a User. At a minimum a consent has a name, and defines the minimum age of self-consent. A consent can then be granted to a User from a family member or optionally a User may self-consent if they meet the minimum age defined by the consent.

The first API allows you to create, delete, update and retrieve a consent. The FusionAuth Consent is the object that defines the consent, the values, minimum ages, etc.

The second API is the User Consent API, this API allows you to grant a User Consent, and update a User Consent. In order to revoke a User Consent you simply need to update the consent status.

[//]: # (Removing Related posts for now)

## Create a Consent

This API is used to create a new Consent.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/consent" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a new Consent with a randomly generated Id"/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/consent/{consentId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a new Consent with the provided unique Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="consentId" type="UUID" optional immutable defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new Consent. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<ConsentRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Consent that was created.

<StandardPostResponseCodes />

<ConsentResponseBody />

## Retrieve a Consent

This API is used to retrieve a single Consent by unique Id or all of the configured Consents.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/consent" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve all of the Consents"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/consent/{consentId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a Consent by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="consentId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Consent to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API contains either a single Consent or all of the Consents. When you call this API with an Id the response will contain a single Consent. When you call this API without an Id the response will contain all of the Consents. Both response types are defined below along with an example JSON response.

<StandardGetResponseCodes />

<ConsentResponseBody />

<ConsentsResponseBody />

## Update a Consent

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment capitalized_object_name="Consent" />

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/consent/{consentId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update the Consent with the given Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="consentId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id to use for the Consent to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<ConsentRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Consent that was updated.

<StandardPutResponseCodes />

<ConsentResponseBody />

## Delete a Consent

This API is used to permanently delete a Consent. Deleting a Consent will also permanently delete all granted User Consent. This operation cannot be reversed and it may affect users across multiple tenants.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/consent/{consentId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete a Consent by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="consentId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Consent to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes />

## Search for Consents

<Aside type="version">
This API has been available since 1.45.0
</Aside>

This API is used to search for Consents and may be called using the `GET` or `POST` HTTP methods. Examples of each are provided below. The `POST` method is provided to allow for a richer request object without worrying about exceeding the maximum length of a URL. Calling this API with either the `GET` or `POST` HTTP method will provide the same search results given the same query parameters.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/consent/search?name={name}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Consents"/>

### Request Parameters

<ConsentSearchRequestParameters parameter_prefix="" />

<br/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/consent/search" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Consents"/>

When calling the API using a `POST` request you will send the search criteria in a JSON request body.

### Request Body

<ConsentSearchRequestParameters parameter_prefix="search." />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Consents matching the search criteria in paginated format and the total number of results matching the search criteria.

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_missing never_search_error />

<ConsentsResponseBody include_total />

## Grant a User Consent

This API is used to grant Consent to a User.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/user/consent" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Grant consent to a User with a randomly generated Id"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<API method="POST" uri="/api/user/consent/{userConsentId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Grant consent to a User with the provided unique Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userConsentId" type="UUID" optional defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new User Consent. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<UserConsentRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the User Consent that was created.

<StandardPostResponseCodes />

<UserConsentResponseBody />

## Retrieve a User Consent

This API is used to retrieve a single User Consent by unique Id or all of User's Consents by user Id.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user/consent?userId={userId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve all of a User's Consents"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user/consent/{userConsentId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a User Consent by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" optional>
    The unique Id of the User to retrieve User Consents for.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userConsentId" type="UUID" optional>
    The unique Id of the User Consent to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API contains either a single User Consent or all of a User's Consents. When you call this API with an Id the response will contain a single Consent. When you call this API with the `userId` query parameter, the response will contain all of the User's Consents. Both response types are defined below along with an example JSON response.

<StandardGetResponseCodes />

<UserConsentResponseBody />

<UserConsentsResponseBody />

## Update a User Consent

This API is used to update a consent. Once consent has been granted to a User, only the values and status may be modified.

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/user/consent/{userConsentId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Update a User Consent with given Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userConsentId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the User Consent to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<UserConsentRequestBody update />

### Response

The response for this API contains the User Consent that was updated.

<StandardPutResponseCodes />

<UserConsentResponseBody />

## Revoke a User Consent

This API is used to revoke a consent. This is equivalent to using the Update User Consent API and modifying the status to `Revoked`.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/user/consent/{userConsentId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Revoke a User Consent with given Id"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes />

# Form Field API

import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import FormFieldRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/custom-forms/_form-field-request-body.mdx';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import FormFieldResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/custom-forms/_form-field-response-body.mdx';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import FormFieldsResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/custom-forms/_form-fields-response-body.mdx';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

A FusionAuth Form Field is an object that can be customized to receive input within a FusionAuth [Form](/docs/apis/custom-forms/forms).

The following APIs are provided to manage Forms Fields.

## Create a Form Field

This API is used to create a new Form Field.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/form/field" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Form Field with a randomly generated Id"/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/form/field/{fieldId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Form Field with the provided unique Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="fieldId" type="UUID" optional defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new Form Field. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<FormFieldRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Form Field that was created.

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

<FormFieldResponseBody />

## Retrieve a Form Field

This API is used to retrieve a single Form Field by unique Id or all of the configured Form Fields.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/form/field" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve all of the Form Fields"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/form/field/{fieldId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a Form Field by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="fieldId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Form Field to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API contains either a single Form Field or all of the Form Fields. When you call this API with an Id, the response will contain a single Form Field. When you call this API without an Id, the response will contain all of the Form Fields. Both response types are defined below along with an example JSON response.

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error />

<FormFieldResponseBody />

<FormFieldsResponseBody />

## Update a Form Field

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment capitalized_object_name="Form Field" />

Some attributes, such as <InlineField>type</InlineField>, cannot be changed after form field creation.

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/form/field/{fieldId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update the Form Field with the given Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="fieldId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Form Field to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<FormFieldRequestBody update_request />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Form Field that was updated.

<StandardPutResponseCodes never_search_error />

<FormFieldResponseBody />

## Delete a Form Field

This API is used to permanently delete a Form Field. A form field cannot be deleted when in use by a one or more forms.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/form/field/{fieldId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete a Form Field by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="fieldId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Form Field to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes never_search_error />

# Form API

import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import FormRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/custom-forms/_form-request-body.mdx';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import FormResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/custom-forms/_form-response-body.mdx';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import FormsResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/custom-forms/_forms-response-body.mdx';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

A FusionAuth Form is a customizable object that contains one-to-many ordered steps. Each step is comprised of one or more [Form Fields](/docs/apis/custom-forms/form-fields).

The following APIs are provided to manage Forms.

## Create a Form

This API is used to create a new Form.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/form" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Form with a randomly generated Id"/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/form/{formId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Form with the provided unique Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="formId" type="UUID" optional defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new Form. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<FormRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Form that was created.

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

<FormResponseBody />

## Retrieve a Form

This API is used to retrieve a single Form by unique Id or all of the configured Forms.

### Request


<API method="GET" uri="/api/form" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve all of the Forms"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/form/{formId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a Form by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="formId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Form to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API contains either a single Form or all of the Forms. When you call this API with an Id, the response will contain a single Form. When you call this API without an Id, the response will contain all of the Forms. Both response types are defined below along with an example JSON response.

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error />

<FormResponseBody />

<FormsResponseBody />

## Update a Form

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment capitalized_object_name="Form" />

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/form/{formId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update the Form with the given Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="formId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Form to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<FormRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Form that was updated.

<StandardPutResponseCodes never_search_error />

<FormResponseBody />

## Delete a Form

This API is used to permanently delete a Form. A form cannot be deleted when in use by one or more applications.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/form/{formId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete a Form by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="formId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Form to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes never_search_error />

# Email API

import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import EmailTemplateRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_email-template-request-body.mdx';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import EmailTemplateResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_email-template-response-body.mdx';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import EmailTemplatesResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_email-templates-response-body.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import EmailTemplateSearchRequestParameters from 'src/content/docs/apis/_email-template-search-request-parameters.mdx';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import EmailTemplateResponseBodyBase from 'src/content/docs/apis/_email-template-response-body-base.mdx';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';
import EmailPreviewResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_email-preview-response-body.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import SendResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_send-response-body.mdx';

This page contains the APIs for managing Email Templates as well as emailing users using those templates. Here are the APIs:

## Create an Email Template

This API is used to create an Email Template. Specifying an Id on the URI will instruct FusionAuth to use that Id when creating the Email Template. Otherwise, FusionAuth will generate an Id for the Email Template.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/email/template" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create an Email Template without providing an Id. An Id will be automatically generated."/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/email/template/{emailTemplateId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create an Email Template with the provided Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="emailTemplateId" type="UUID" optional immutable defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new Email Template. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<EmailTemplateRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the information for the Email Template that was created.

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

<EmailTemplateResponseBody />

## Retrieve an Email Template

This API is used to retrieve one or all of the configured Email Templates. Specifying an Id on the URI will retrieve a single Email Template. Leaving off the Id will retrieve all of the Email Templates.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/email/template" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve all of the Email Templates" />

<API method="GET" uri="/api/email/template/{emailTemplateId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a single Email Template by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="emailTemplateId" type="UUID" optional>
    The Id of the Email Template to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API contains either a single Email Template or all of the Email Templates. When you call this API with an Id the response will contain just that Email Template. When you call this API without an Id the response will contain all of the Email Templates. Both response types are defined below along with an example JSON response.

<StandardGetResponseCodes no_errors never_search_error />

<EmailTemplateResponseBody />

<EmailTemplatesResponseBody />

## Search for Email Templates

<Aside type="version">
This API has been available since 1.45.0
</Aside>

This API is used to search for Email Templates and may be called using the `GET` or `POST` HTTP methods. Examples of each are provided below. The `POST` method is provided to allow for a richer request object without worrying about exceeding the maximum length of a URL. Calling this API with either the `GET` or `POST` HTTP method will provide the same search results given the same query parameters.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/email/template/search?name={name}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Email Templates"/>

#### Request Parameters

<EmailTemplateSearchRequestParameters parameter_prefix="" />

<API method="POST" uri="/api/email/template/search"  authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Email Templates"/>

When calling the API using a `POST` request you will send the search criteria in a JSON request body.

#### Request Body

<EmailTemplateSearchRequestParameters parameter_prefix="search." />

<JSON title="Example JSON Request" src="email-templates/search-post-request.json" />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Email Templates matching the search criteria in paginated format.

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_missing never_search_error />

#### Response Body

<EmailTemplateResponseBodyBase base_field_name="emailTemplates[x]" include_total />


## Update an Email Template

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment capitalized_object_name="Email Template" />

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/email/template/{emailTemplateId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update an Email Template by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="emailTemplateId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Email Template to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<EmailTemplateRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the new information for the Email Template that was updated.

<StandardPutResponseCodes never_search_error />

<EmailTemplateResponseBody />


## Delete an Email Template

This API is used to delete an Email Template. You must specify the Id of the Email Template on the URI.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/email/template/{emailTemplateId}"  authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete an Email Template By Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="emailTemplateId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Email Template to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes never_search_error />

## Preview an Email Template

This API is used to preview an Email Template. You simply pass all of the information for the Email Template in the request and a rendered version of the Email is sent back to you in the response. The Email Template in the request does not need to be completely filled out either. You can send in a partial Email Template and the response will contain only what you provided.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/email/template/preview"  authentication={["api-key"]} title="Preview an Email Template"/>

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="emailTemplate.defaultFromName" required>
    The default From Name used when sending emails. This is the display name part of the email address ( i.e. **Jared Dunn** jared@piedpiper.com).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="emailTemplate.defaultHtmlTemplate" required>
    The default HTML Email Template.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="emailTemplate.defaultSubject" required>
    The default Subject used when sending emails.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="emailTemplate.defaultTextTemplate" required>
    The default Text Email Template.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="emailTemplate.fromEmail" type="String" required>
    The email address that this email will be sent from. This is the address part email address (i.e.  Jared Dunn jared@piedpiper.com).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="emailTemplate.localizedFromNames" optional>
    The From Name used when sending emails to users who speak other languages. This overrides the default From Name based on the user's list of preferred languages.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="emailTemplate.localizedHtmlTemplates" optional>
    The HTML Email Template used when sending emails to users who speak other languages. This overrides the default HTML Email Template based on the user's list of preferred languages.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="emailTemplate.localizedSubjects" optional>
    The Subject used when sending emails to users who speak other languages. This overrides the default Subject based on the user's list of preferred languages.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="emailTemplate.localizedTextTemplates" optional>
    The Text Email Template used when sending emails to users who speak other languages. This overrides the default Text Email Template based on the user's list of preferred languages.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="locale" type="Locale" optional>
    The locale to use when rendering the Email Template. If this is null, the defaults will be used and the localized versions will be ignored.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Request JSON" src="email-templates/preview-request.json" />

### Response

The response for this API contains the rendered Email and also an Errors that contains any rendering issues FusionAuth found. The template might have syntax or logic errors and FusionAuth will put these errors into the response.

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

<EmailPreviewResponseBody />


## Send an Email

This API is used to send an Email to one or more users using an Email Template.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/email/send/{emailTemplateId}"  authentication={["api-key"]} title="Send an email using a template by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="emailTemplateId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Email Template to use to generate the Email from.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" optional since="1.28.0">
    An optional application Id, when provided the application object will be available in the email template for variable replacement.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="bccAddresses" type="Array<String>" optional>
    A list of email addresses to BCC when sending the Email.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="ccAddresses" type="Array<String>" optional>
    A list of email addresses to CC when sending the Email.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="preferredLanguages" type="Array<String>" since="1.28.0">
    An ordered list of locale strings to utilize when localizing the email template for address provided in the <InlineField>toAddresses</InlineField>. See [Locales](/docs/reference/data-types#locales).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="requestData" type="Object" optional>
    An optional JSON object that is passed to the Email Template during rendering. The variables in the JSON object will be accessible to the FreeMarker templates of the Email Template.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="toAddresses" type="Array" optional since="1.28.0">
    A list of email addresses to send the Email to. It is not required that a user exist in FusionAuth with this email address, this may be useful when sending invitations to users that do not yet exist in FusionAuth.

    This field may be used in addition to, or as an alternative to the <InlineField>userIds</InlineField> field.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="toAddresses.address" type="String" required>
    The email address for the user. Using the <InlineField>toAddresses</InlineField> is optional, but when providing one or more entries, this field is required.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="toAddresses.display" type="String" optional>
    An optional display name that can be used to construct the to address.

    For example, in this example string `Erlich Bachman<bachman@piedpiper.com>`, `Erlich Bachman` is the display name and `bachman@piedpiper.com` is the address.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userIds" type="Array<UUID>" optional>
    The list of User Ids to send the Email to.

    This field may be used in addition to, or as an alternative to the <InlineField>toAddresses</InlineField> field.

    Prior to version `1.28.0`, this field was required.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Request JSON" src="email-templates/send-request.json" />

### Response

<StandardPostResponseCodes success_code="202"
                           success_message="The request was successful. The response will contain a JSON body. If the JSON body is empty the template was rendered correctly and queued to be sent for all user Ids provided. If one or more failed the response will contain errors in the response format documented below."
                           never_search_error />

<SendResponseBody success_code="202"
                  success_message="The request was successful. The response will contain a JSON body. If the JSON body is empty the template was rendered correctly and queued to be sent for all user Ids provided. If one or more failed the response will contain errors in the response format documented below." />

{/*  Unset the variables used in this part. */}

# Entity API

import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderCreateOperation from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-create-operation.mdx';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import EntityRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/entities/_entity-request-body.mdx';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import EntityResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/entities/_entity-response-body.mdx';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-scoped-operation.mdx';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import XFusionauthTenantIdRequired from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-required.mdx';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';
import EntitySearchRequestParameters from 'src/content/docs/apis/entities/_entity-search-request-parameters.mdx';
import EntitySearchRequestBodyDatabaseExamples from 'src/content/docs/apis/entities/_entity-search-request-body-database-examples.mdx';
import EntitySearchRequestBodyElasticsearchExamples from 'src/content/docs/apis/entities/_entity-search-request-body-elasticsearch-examples.mdx';
import EntitiesResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/entities/_entities-response-body.mdx';

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

This page contains the APIs for managing Entities as well as searching them. [Entity core concepts](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/entity-management) may also be helpful.

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.26.0`
</Aside>

## Create an Entity

This API is used to create an Entity. Specifying an Id on the URI will instruct FusionAuth to use that Id when creating the Entity. Otherwise, FusionAuth will generate an Id for the Entity.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/entity" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create an Entity without providing an Id. An Id will be automatically generated."/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderCreateOperation />

<API method="POST" uri="/api/entity/{entityId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create an Entity with the provided Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="entityId" type="UUID" optional defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new Entity. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<EntityRequestBody />

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderCreateOperation />

### Response

The response for this API contains the information for the Entity that was created.

<StandardPostResponseCodes />

<EntityResponseBody />


## Retrieve an Entity

This API is used to retrieve one Entity.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/entity/{entityId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a single Entity by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="entityId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Entity to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

### Response

The response for this API contains a single Entity.

<StandardGetResponseCodes no_errors />

<EntityResponseBody />

## Update an Entity

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment capitalized_object_name="Entity" />

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/entity/{entityId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update an Entity by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="entityId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Entity to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<EntityRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the new information for the Entity that was updated.

<StandardPutResponseCodes />

<EntityResponseBody />


## Delete an Entity

This API is used to delete an Entity. You must specify the Id of the Entity on the URI.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/entity/{entityId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete an Entity By Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="entityId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Entity to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdRequired />

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes />

## Search for Entities

This API is used to search for Entities. This API may be called using the `GET` or `POST` HTTP methods. Examples of each are provided below. The `POST` method is provided to allow for a richer request object without worrying about exceeding the maximum length of a URL. Calling this API with either the `GET` or `POST` HTTP method will provide the same search results given the same query parameters.

### Request

Which search query parameters are available and how they behave depends on the search engine type. Read more about [the different types of search engines](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search).

### Database Search Engine

This is a good choice for [smaller installs, embedded scenarios, or other places where the additional capability of Elasticsearch is not required](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search).

<API method="GET" uri="/api/entity/search?ids={uuid}&ids={uuid}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Entities by Id"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/entity/search?queryString={queryString}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Entities by a query string"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/entity/search?queryString={queryString}&sortFields[0].name={name}&sortFields[0].order={order}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Entities by a query string and sort the response"/>

#### Request Parameters

<EntitySearchRequestParameters query_string_request database_search_engine_type parameter_prefix="" />

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<API method="POST" uri="/api/entity/search" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Entities using a JSON request body. This allows for larger requests than are possible using request parameters."/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Body

<EntitySearchRequestParameters query_string_request="nottrue" database_search_engine_type parameter_prefix="search." />

##### Request Body Examples

<EntitySearchRequestBodyDatabaseExamples />

### Elasticsearch Search Engine

The Elasticsearch engine has [advanced querying capabilities and better performance](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search).

<API method="GET" uri="/api/entity/search?ids={uuid}&ids={uuid}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Entities by Id"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/entity/search?queryString={queryString}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Entities by a query string"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/entity/search?queryString={queryString}&sortFields[0].name={name}&sortFields[0].order={order}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Entities by a query string and sort the response"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/entity/search?query={query}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Entities by a raw JSON query"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/entity/search?nextResults={nextResults}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Entities by a nextResults token"/>

#### Request Parameters

<EntitySearchRequestParameters query_string_request elasticsearch_search_engine_type parameter_prefix="" />

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<API method="POST" uri="/api/entity/search" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Entities using a JSON request body. This allows for larger requests than are possible using request parameters."/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Body

<EntitySearchRequestParameters query_string_request="nottrue" elasticsearch_search_engine_type parameter_prefix="search." />

##### Request Body Examples

<EntitySearchRequestBodyElasticsearchExamples />

### Response

The response contains the Entity objects that were found as part of the lookup or search. Both the database and Elasticsearch search engines return the response in the same format.

<StandardGetResponseCodes />

<EntitiesResponseBody search_result />


## Flush the Search Engine

This API is used to issue a flush request to the FusionAuth Search. This will cause any cached data to be written to disk. In practice it is unlikely
 you'll find a need for this API in production unless you are performing search requests immediately following an operation that modifies the index and
  expecting to see the results immediately.

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/entity/search" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Flushes the Search Engine"/>

### Response

The response does not contain a body. It only contains one of the status codes below.

<StandardPostResponseCodes />

# Entity Type API

import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import EntityTypeRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/entities/_entity-type-request-body.mdx';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import EntityTypeResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/entities/_entity-type-response-body.mdx';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import EntityTypesResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/entities/_entity-types-response-body.mdx';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import PermissionRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/entities/_permission-request-body.mdx';
import PermissionResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/entities/_permission-response-body.mdx';
import PermissionUpdateRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/entities/_permission-update-request-body.mdx';

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.26.0`
</Aside>

This page contains the APIs for managing Entity Types. Here are the APIs:

## Create an Entity Type

This API is used to create an Entity Type. Specifying an Id on the URI will instruct FusionAuth to use that Id when creating the Entity Type. Otherwise, FusionAuth will generate an Id for the Entity Type.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/entity/type" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create an Entity Type without providing an Id. An Id will be automatically generated."/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/entity/type/{entityTypeId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create an Entity Type with the provided Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="entityTypeId" type="UUID" optional defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new Entity Type. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<EntityTypeRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the information for the Entity Type that was created.

<StandardPostResponseCodes />

<EntityTypeResponseBody />


## Retrieve an Entity Type

This API is used to retrieve one or all of the configured Entity Types. Specifying an Id on the URI will retrieve a single Entity Type. Leaving off the Id will retrieve all of the Entity Types.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/entity/type" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve all of the Entity Types"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/entity/type/{entityTypeId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a single Entity Type by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="entityTypeId" type="UUID" optional>
    The Id of the Entity Type to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API contains either a single Entity Type or all of the Entity Types. When you call this API with an Id the response will contain just that Entity Type. When you call this API without an Id the response will contain all of the Entity Types. Both response types are defined below along with an example JSON response.

<StandardGetResponseCodes no_errors />

<EntityTypeResponseBody />

<EntityTypesResponseBody />


## Update an Entity Type

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment capitalized_object_name="Entity Type" />

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/entity/type/{entityTypeId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update an Entity Type by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="entityTypeId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Entity Type to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<EntityTypeRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the new information for the Entity Type that was updated.

<StandardPutResponseCodes />

<EntityTypeResponseBody />


## Delete an Entity Type

This API is used to delete an Entity Type. You must specify the Id of the Entity Type on the URI.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/entity/type/{entityTypeId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete an Entity Type By Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="entityTypeId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Entity Type to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes />

## Search for an Entity Type

This API is used to search for matching Entity Types.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/entity/type/search?name={name}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search Entity Types"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="name" type="String" required>
    The name of the Entity Type for which to search.

    The search matches against the name field and any entity type matching. The match is case-insensitive, and you may not search by prefix or suffix. Whitespace is not allowed in the search. Regular expressions may not be used. A value of `*` will match all records.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="numberOfResults" type="Integer" optional defaults="25">
    The number of results to return from the search.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="orderBy" type="String" optional defaults="name ASC">
    The database column to order the search results on plus the order direction.

    The columns you can use for this are:

     * `insertInstant` - the [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) when the Entity Type was created
     * `lastUpdateInstant` - the [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) when the Entity Type was last updated
     * `name` - the name of the Entity Type

    For example, to order the results by the insert instant in a descending order, the value would be provided as `insertInstant DESC`. The final string is optional can be set to `ASC` or `DESC`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="startRow" type="Integer" optional defaults="0">
    The offset into the total results. In order to paginate the results, increment this value by the <InlineField>numberOfResults</InlineField> for subsequent requests.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API contains the Entity Type matching the search criteria in paginated format.

<StandardGetResponseCodes no_errors never_search_error/>

<EntityTypesResponseBody />

## Create an Entity Type Permission

This API is used to create a permission for an Entity Type. Specifying an Id on the URI will instruct FusionAuth to use that Id when creating the permission. Otherwise, FusionAuth will generate an Id for the permission.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/entity/type/{entityTypeId}/permission" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Permission with a randomly generated Id"/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/entity/type/{entityTypeId}/permission/{permissionId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Permission with a given Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="entityTypeId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Entity Type.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="permissionId" type="UUID" optional defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new permission. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Request Body

<PermissionRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the information for the permission that was created.

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

<PermissionResponseBody />


## Update an Entity Type Permission

This API is used to update an existing Entity Type permission. You must specify the Entity Type Id and the permission Id on the URI to identify the permission that is being updated.

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/entity/type/{entityTypeId}/permission/{permissionId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update an Entity Type Permission by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="entityTypeId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Entity Type.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="permissionId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the permission that is being updated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Request Body

<PermissionUpdateRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the new information for the permission that was updated.

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

<PermissionResponseBody />


## Delete an Entity Type Permission

This API is used to delete a permission from an Entity Type.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/entity/type/{entityTypeId}/permission/{permissionId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete an Entity Type Permission by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="entityTypeId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Entity Type the permission belongs.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="permissionId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the permission to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/entity/type/{entityTypeId}/permission?name={name}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete an Entity Type Permission by name"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="entityTypeId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Entity Type the permission belongs.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="name" type="String" required>
    The name of the permission to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes never_search_error />

# Grant API

import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-scoped-operation.mdx';
import EntityGrantRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/entities/_entity-grant-request-body.mdx';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import EntityGrantResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/entities/_entity-grant-response-body.mdx';
import EntityGrantsResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/entities/_entity-grants-response-body.mdx';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';
import EntityGrantSearchRequestParameters from 'src/content/docs/apis/entities/_entity-grant-search-request-parameters.mdx';
import EntityGrantSearchRequestBodyDatabaseExamples from 'src/content/docs/apis/entities/_entity-grant-search-request-body-database-examples.mdx';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

This page contains the APIs for granting and revoking permissions to Entities.

<Aside type="version">
Aailable since `1.26.0`
</Aside>

## Grant a User or Entity Permissions to an Entity

This API is used to grant permissions to an Entity for a User or another Entity.

This is an upsert operation. If the grant to this Entity for the specified User or recipient Entity exists, it will be updated. Otherwise it will be created.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/entity/{entityId}/grant" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Grant"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="entityId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Entity to which access is granted.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Body

<EntityGrantRequestBody />

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/entity/{entityId}/grant" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Update a Grant"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="entityId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Entity to which access is granted.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Body

<EntityGrantRequestBody />

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardPostResponseCodes success_message="The request was successful." success_code="200" missing_message="The Entity to which access is being granted was not found." />

## Retrieve Grants

This API is used to retrieve Grants. Specifying only an <InlineField>entityId</InlineField> on the URI will retrieve all Grants for a single Entity.

Adding a parameter of <InlineField>userId</InlineField> or <InlineField>recipientEntityId</InlineField> filters the returned Grants. It limits them to those made to the User or recipient Entity, respectively.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/entity/{entityId}/grant" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve All Grants To This Entity"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<API method="GET" uri="/api/entity/{entityId}/grant?userId={userId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve Grants To This Entity For a User"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="entityId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Entity to which access is granted.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the User which has been granted access.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<API method="GET" uri="/api/entity/{entityId}/grant?recipientEntityId={recipientEntityId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve Grants For Another Entity"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="entityId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Entity to which access is granted.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="recipientEntityId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Entity which has been granted access.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

### Response

This API is used to retrieve one or all of the Grants made to this Entity. Specifying only an <InlineField>entityId</InlineField> on the URI will retrieve all Grants. Adding a parameter of <InlineField>userId</InlineField> or <InlineField>recipientEntityId</InlineField> will retrieve a single Grant made to the User or Entity, respectively.

<StandardPostResponseCodes />

<EntityGrantResponseBody />

<EntityGrantsResponseBody />

## Delete a Grant

This API is used to delete a Grant from an Entity. This is also known as revoking the Grant.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/entity/{entityId}/grant?userId={userId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete a Grant for a User"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="entityId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Entity which is the target of the Grant.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the User who received the Grant.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/entity/{entityId}/grant?recipientEntityId={recipientEntityId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete a Grant for a Recipient Entity"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="entityId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Entity which is the target of the Grant.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="recipientEntityId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Entity which received the Grant.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes />


## Search for Grants

This API is used to search for Entity Grants. This API may be called using the `GET` or `POST` HTTP methods. Examples of each are provided below. The `POST` method is provided to allow for a richer request object without worrying about exceeding the maximum length of a URL. Calling this API with either the `GET` or `POST` HTTP method will provide the same search results given the same query parameters.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/entity/grant/search?entityId={uuid}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Grants by Entity Id"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/entity/grant/search?name={string}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Grants by Entity name"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/entity/grant/search?userId={uuid}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Grants by User Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<EntityGrantSearchRequestParameters parameter_prefix="" />

<API method="POST" uri="/api/entity/grant/search" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Grants using a JSON request body."/>

#### Request Body

<EntityGrantSearchRequestParameters parameter_prefix="search." />

##### Request Body Examples

<EntityGrantSearchRequestBodyDatabaseExamples />

### Response

The response contains the Entity Grant objects that were found as part of the lookup or search.

<StandardGetResponseCodes />

<EntityGrantsResponseBody search_result />

# Entities

import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

Entities are arbitrary objects which can be modeled in FusionAuth. Anything which is not a user but might need permissions managed by FusionAuth is a possible entity. Examples might include devices, cars, computers, customers, companies, etc.

FusionAuth's Entity Management has the following major concepts:

* Entity Types categorize Entities. An Entity Type could be `Device`, `API` or `Company`.
* Permissions are defined on an Entity Type. These are arbitrary strings which can fit the business domain. A Permission could be `read`, `write`, or `file-lawsuit`.
* Entities are instances of a single type. An Entity could be a `nest device`, an `Email API` or `Raviga`.
* Entities can have Grants. Grants are relationships between a target Entity and one of two other types: a recipient Entity or a User. Grants can have zero or more Permissions associated with them.

{/*  TBD link to client credentials grant */}
You can use the Client Credentials grant to see if an Entity has permission to access another Entity.

You can learn more about [Entities in the Core Concepts section](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/entity-management).

The following APIs are available.

* [Entities](/docs/apis/entities/entities)
* [Entity Types](/docs/apis/entities/entity-types)
* [Grants](/docs/apis/entities/grants)

# API Error API

import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';

When FusionAuth encounters an error or finds validation errors in your request, an Errors object is returned in the response body. The Errors object is defined as follows, where <InlineField>fieldName</InlineField> indicates the field in the request body the message is describing and <InlineField>[x]</InlineField> indicates the value is part of an array of one or more values.

### Error Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="generalErrors" type="Array">
    The list of general error messages.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="generalErrors[x].code" type="String">
    The code of the error message.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="generalErrors[x].message" type="String">
    A descriptive error message that details the problem that occurred.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="fieldErrors" type="Object">
    The list of field error message.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="fieldErrors[fieldName]" type="Array">
    The list of error messages for that field
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="fieldErrors[fieldName][x].code" type="String">
    The code of the error message.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="fieldErrors[fieldName][x].message" type="String">
    A descriptive error message that details the problem that occurred.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Errors JSON Object" src="errors.json" />

# Event Log API

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';

<Aside type="version">
Available since `1.6.0`
</Aside>

The Event Log contains messages that are not easy to convey to user at runtime - logs and errors from asynchronous code execution.  These messages include:

* SMTP transport errors
* Lambda execution exceptions
* Lambda execution console logs
* SAML IdP integration errors and debug
* Webhook event errors
* Runtime exceptions due to email template rendering issues

This page contains the APIs that are used to retrieve Event Logs. Here are the APIs:

## Retrieve an Event Log

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/system/event-log/{logId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve an Event Log by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="logId" type="Long" required>
    The unique Id of the Event Log to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes />

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="eventLog.id" type="Long">
    The event Log unique Id.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="eventLog.insertInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) when the Event Log was created.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="eventLog.message" type="String">
    The message of the event Log.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="eventLog.type" type="String">
    The type of the Event Log.  Possible values are:

    * `Information`
    * `Debug`
    * `Error`
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example JSON Response" src="event-logs/response.json" />

## Search Event Logs

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/system/event-log/search?message={message}&start={start}&end={end}&type={type}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Searches the Event Logs using the given search criteria"/>

When calling the API using a `GET` request you will send the search criteria on the URL using request parameters. In order to simplify the example URL above, not every possible parameter is shown, however using the provided pattern you may add any of the documented request parameters to the URL.

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="end" type="Long" optional>
    The end [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) of the date/time range to search within.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="message" type="String" optional>
    The string to search in the Event Log message for. This can contain wildcards using the asterisk character (`*`). If no wildcards are present, this parameter value will be interpreted as `*value*`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="numberOfResults" type="Integer" optional defaults="25">
    The number of results to return from the search.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="orderBy" type="String" optional defaults="insertInstant DESC">
    The database column to order the search results on plus the order direction.

    The possible values are:

     * `insertInstant` - the [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) when the Event Log was created
     * `insertUser` - the user that create the Event Log
     * `message` - the message of the Event Log
     * `type` - the type of the Event Log

    For example, to order the results by the insert instant in a descending order, the value would be provided as `insertInstant DESC`. The final string is optional can be set to `ASC` or `DESC`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="start" type="Long" optional>
    The start [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) of the date/time range to search within.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="startRow" type="Integer" optional defaults="0">
    The offset row to return results from. If the search has 200 records in it and this is 50, it starts with row 50.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="type" type="String" optional>
    The type of Event Logs to return. Only one type may be provided. If omitted, all types will be returned.

    The possible values are:

    * `Information`
    * `Debug`
    * `Error`
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/system/event-log/search" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Searches the Event Logs using the given search criteria"/>

When calling the API using a `POST` request you will send the search criteria in a JSON request body.

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="search.end" type="Long" optional>
    The end [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) of the date/time range to search within.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.message" type="String" optional>
    The string to search in the Event Log message for. This can contain wildcards using the asterisk character (`*`). If no wildcards are present, this parameter value will be interpreted as `*value*`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.numberOfResults" type="Integer" optional defaults="25">
    The number of results to return from the search.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.orderBy" type="String" optional defaults="insertInstant DESC">
    The database column to order the search results on plus the order direction.

    The possible values are:

     * `insertInstant` - the [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) when the Event Log was created
     * `insertUser` - the user that create the Event Log
     * `message` - the message of the Event Log

    For example, to order the results by the insert instant in a descending order, the value would be provided as `insertInstant DESC`. The final string is optional can be set to `ASC` or `DESC`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.start" type="Long" optional>
    The start [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) of the date/time range to search within.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.startRow" type="Integer" optional defaults="0">
    The offset row to return results from. If the search has 200 records in it and this is 50, it starts with row 50.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.type" type="String" optional>
    The type of Event Logs to return. Only one type may be provided. If omitted, all types will be returned.

    The possible values are:

    * `Information`
    * `Debug`
    * `Error`
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example JSON Request" src="event-logs/search-request.json" />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Event Logs matching the search criteria in paginated format.

<StandardGetResponseCodes />

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="eventLogs" type="Array">
    The list of Event Logs returned by the search.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="eventLogs[x].id" type="Long">
    The Event Log unique Id.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="eventLogs[x].insertInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) when the Event Log was created.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="eventLogs[x].message" type="String">
    The message of the Event Log.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="eventLogs[x].type" type="String">
    The type of the Event Log.  Possible values are:

    * `Information`
    * `Debug`
    * `Error`
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="total" type="Integer">
    The total number of Event Logs matching the search criteria. Use this value along with the <InlineField>numberOfResults</InlineField> and <InlineField>startRow</InlineField> in the Search request to perform pagination.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example JSON Response" src="event-logs/search-response.json" />

# Family API

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-scoped-operation.mdx';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import FamilyRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_family-request-body.mdx';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import FamilyResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_family-response-body.mdx';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import FamiliesResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_families-response-body.mdx';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';
import FamilyPendingResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_family-pending-response-body.mdx';
import FamilyRequestRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_family-request-request-body.mdx';

<Aside type="version">
Available since `1.7.0`
</Aside>

A Family allows you to define relationships between one or more Users. A adult User may belong to a single Family, a teen or child may belong to one or more families.

The following APIs are provided to manage Families and Family memberships.

[//]: # (related posts?)

## Add a User to a Family

This API is used to add a User to a Family. You cannot directly create a family, instead a family is implicitly created when the first User is added.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/user/family" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Add a User to a Family with a randomly generated Id"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<API method="POST" uri="/api/user/family/{familyId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Add a User to a Family with the provided unique Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="familyId" type="UUID" optional immutable defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new Family. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<FamilyRequestBody create_request />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Family that was created.

<StandardPostResponseCodes />

<FamilyResponseBody />

## Retrieve a Family

This API is used to retrieve a Family by a User Id or by Family Id.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user/family/{familyId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a Family by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="familyId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Family.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user/family?userId={userId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve all of a User's families by User Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the User.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

The response for this API contains the requested family or families.

<StandardGetResponseCodes />

<FamilyResponseBody />

<FamiliesResponseBody />

## Update a Family

This API is used to update an existing Family member. You may only update the User's role or owner status.

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/user/family/{familyId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Update a Family member"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="familyId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Family.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<FamilyRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Family that was updated.

<StandardPutResponseCodes />

<FamilyResponseBody />

## Remove a User from a Family

This API is used to remove a User from an existing Family.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/user/family/{familyId}/{userId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Remove a User from a Family"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="familyId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Family.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the User.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes />

## Retrieve Pending Family Members

This API is used to retrieve the users pending parent approval.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user/family/pending?parentEmail={parentEmail}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve pending users by parent email address"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="parentEmail" type="String" required>
    The email address of the parent.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

### Response

The response for this API contains the requested pending users.

<StandardGetResponseCodes />

<FamilyPendingResponseBody />

## Request Parental Approval

This API is used to send an email requesting parental approval for a child registration using the configured `tenant.familyConfiguration.familyRequestEmailTemplateId`.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/user/family/request" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Request parental approval"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<FamilyRequestRequestBody />

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardPostResponseCodes success_message="The request was successful." success_code="200" />

# Group API

import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderCreateOperation from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-create-operation.mdx';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import GroupRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_group-request-body.mdx';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import GroupResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_group-response-body.mdx';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-scoped-operation.mdx';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import GroupsResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_groups-response-body.mdx';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import GroupSearchRequestParameters from 'src/content/docs/apis/_group-search-request-parameters.mdx';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import MemberRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_member-request-body.mdx';
import MemberResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_member-response-body.mdx';
import GroupDeleteMembersByIdRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_group-delete-members-by-id-request-body.mdx';
import GroupDeleteMembersRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_group-delete-members-request-body.mdx';
import MembersResponseBodySearch from 'src/content/docs/apis/_members-response-body-search.mdx';

A FusionAuth Group is a named object that optionally contains one to many Application Roles.

When a Group does not contain any Application Roles it can still be utilized to logically associate users. Assigning Application Roles to a group allow it to be used to dynamically manage Role assignment to registered Users. In this second scenario as long as a User is registered to an Application the Group membership will allow them to inherit the corresponding Roles from the Group.

The following APIs are provided to manage Groups and Group Membership.

## Create a Group

This API is used to create a new Group.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/group" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Group with a randomly generated Id"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderCreateOperation />

<br/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/group/{groupId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Group with the provided unique Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="groupId" type="UUID" optional immutable defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new Group. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderCreateOperation />

<GroupRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Group that was created.

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

<GroupResponseBody />

## Retrieve a Group

This API is used to retrieve a single Group by unique Id or all of the configured Groups.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/group" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve all of the Groups"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<br/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/group/{groupId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a Group by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="groupId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Group to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

### Response

The response for this API contains either a single Group or all of the Groups. When you call this API with an Id the response will contain a single Group. When you call this API without an Id the response will contain all of the Groups. Both response types are defined below along with an example JSON response.

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error />

<GroupResponseBody />

<GroupsResponseBody />

## Update a Group

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment capitalized_object_name="Group" />

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/group/{groupId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Update the Group with the given Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="groupId" type="UUID" immutable required>
    The Id of the Group to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<GroupRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Group that was updated.

<StandardPutResponseCodes never_search_error />

<GroupResponseBody />

## Delete a Group

This API is used to permanently delete a Group. Deleting a Group that has Application Roles will effectively modify User Registrations by removing these Roles from Group members.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/group/{groupId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete a Group by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="groupId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Group to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes never_search_error />

## Search for Groups

<Aside type="version">
This API has been available since 1.45.0
</Aside>

This API is used to search for Groups and may be called using the `GET` or `POST` HTTP methods. Examples of each are provided below. The `POST` method is provided to allow for a richer request object without worrying about exceeding the maximum length of a URL. Calling this API with either the `GET` or `POST` HTTP method will provide the same search results given the same query parameters.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/group/search?name={name}&tenantId={tenantId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Groups"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Parameters

<GroupSearchRequestParameters parameter_prefix="" />

<API method="POST" uri="/api/group/search" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Groups"/>

When calling the API using a `POST` request you will send the search criteria in a JSON request body.

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Body

<GroupSearchRequestParameters parameter_prefix="search." />

<JSON title="Example JSON Request" src="groups/search-post-request.json" />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Groups matching the search criteria in paginated format.

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_missing never_search_error />

#### Response Body

<GroupsResponseBody base_field_name="groups[x]" include_total />

## Add Users to a Group

This API is used to add Users to a Group. A User that is added to a Group is called a member, a user can belong to one to many Groups.

Adding a User to a Group can be used to logically group users, Group members can be returned by the Search API by searching by the Group Id. Application Roles may also be managed by a Group membership. When a User becomes a member of a Group they will inherit the Application Roles assigned to the Group for their registered Applications. If a User is not registered for an Application the Application Roles for that Application will not be applied to the User.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/group/member" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Add Users to Group"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<MemberRequestBody />

### Response

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

<MemberResponseBody />

## Update Users in a Group

<Aside type="version">
This API has been available since 1.36.0
</Aside>

This API is used to completely replace the existing membership of a Group. Calling this API is equivalent to removing all Users from a Group and then making a `POST` request to the `/api/group/member` to add Users to the Group. Use this API with caution.

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/group/member" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Update Users in a Group"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<MemberRequestBody />

### Response

<StandardPutResponseCodes never_missing never_search_error />

<MemberResponseBody />

## Remove Users from a Group

This API is used to remove Users from a Group. Removing a User from a Group removes their Group membership. Removing a User from a Group effectively modifies their assigned Roles if Application Roles are being managed through the Group membership.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/group/member/{memberId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Remove a single User from a Group by Member Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="memberId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Group Member to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<br/>

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/group/member?groupId={groupId}&userId={userId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Remove a single User from a Group by User Id and Group Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="groupId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Group to remove the User from.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the User to remove from the Group.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<br/>

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/group/member?groupId={groupId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Remove all Users from a Group"/>

<Aside type="caution">
Note, in version `1.36.0` the Member API supports the `PUT` method allowing you to replace all members in the Group.

As of version `1.36.0` this API is deprecated, in favor of using the `PUT` method. Prefer the use of `PUT /api/group/member` with an empty array of members to effectively remove all members from the group.
</Aside>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="groupId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Group.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/group/member" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Remove Users from a Group by Member Id"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<GroupDeleteMembersByIdRequestBody />

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/group/member" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Remove specified Users from a Group by Group Id"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<GroupDeleteMembersRequestBody />


### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes never_search_error />

## Search for Group Members

<Aside type="version">
This API has been available since 1.36.0
</Aside>

The Group Member Search API allows you to search for Group Members with a paginated response.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/group/member/search?groupId={groupId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for all Group Members by Group Id"/>

When calling the API using a `GET` request you will send the search criteria on the URL using request parameters. In order to simplify the example URL above, only the `groupId` parameter is shown, however you may add any of the documented request parameters to the URL.

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="groupId" type="UUID" optional>
    The unique Id of the Group used to search for Group Members.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="numberOfResults" type="Integer" optional defaults="25">
    The number of results to return from the search.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="orderBy" type="String" optional defaults="insertInstant ASC, userId ASC, groupId ASC">
    The database column to order the search results on plus the order direction.

    The possible values are:

      * `groupId` - the unique Id of the Group
      * `id` - the id of the Group Member
      * `insertInstant` - the [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) when the Group Member was created
      * `userId` - the unique Id of the User

    For example, to order the results by the insert instant in descending order, the value would be provided as `insertInstant DESC`. The final string is optional, can be set to `ASC` or `DESC`, or omitted and will default to `ASC`.

    Prior to version `1.52.0` this defaults to `insertInstant ASC`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="startRow" type="Integer" optional defaults="0">
    The offset row to return results from. If the search has 200 records in it and this is 50, it starts with row 50.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" optional>
    The unique Id of the User to search for Group Members. A single user may belong to one or more Groups, so searching on this field may still produce multiple results.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<br/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/group/member/search" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search Group Members using the given search criteria"/>

When calling the API using a `POST` request you will send the search criteria in a JSON request body.

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="search.groupId" type="UUID" optional>
    The unique Id of the Group used to search for Group Members.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.numberOfResults" type="Integer" optional defaults="25">
    The number of results to return from the search.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.orderBy" type="String" optional defaults="insertInstant ASC, userId ASC, groupId ASC">
    The database column to order the search results on plus the order direction.

    The possible values are:

      * `groupId` - the unique Id of the Group
      * `id` - the id of the Group Member
      * `insertInstant` - the [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) when the Group Member was created
      * `userId` - the unique Id of the User

    For example, to order the results by the insert instant in descending order, the value would be provided as `insertInstant DESC`. The final string is optional, can be set to `ASC` or `DESC`, or omitted and will default to `ASC`.

    Prior to version `1.52.0` this defaults to `insertInstant ASC`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.startRow" type="Integer" optional defaults="0">
    The offset row to return results from. If the search has 200 records in it and this is 50, it starts with row 50.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.userId" type="UUID" optional>
    The unique Id of the User to search for Group Members. A single user may belong to one or more Groups, so searching on this field may still produce multiple results.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_missing never_search_error />

<MembersResponseBodySearch />

# Hosted Backend API

import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import HostedBackendResponseCookies from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_hosted-backend-response-cookies.mdx';
import HostedBackendWarning from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_hosted-backend-warning.md';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import OauthAuthorizeRedirectParameters from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_oauth-authorize-redirect-parameters.mdx';
import UserInfoResponse from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_userinfo-response.mdx';

<Aside type="version">
Available since `1.45.0`
</Aside>

The hosted backend APIs provide a pre-built solution for getting your app up and running using the OAuth2 Authorization Code grant with PKCE. We have in the past shown you how to [create these endpoints yourself](/blog/how-to-authenticate-your-react-app#create-the-express-server) but this solution allows you to get going with your app without writing any backend code. You just need FusionAuth!

## Prerequisites

Be sure to review the [Applications](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications#oauth) section of the FusionAuth user guide to ensure proper configuration before using the hosted endpoints.

The hosted backend endpoints will set the following cookies, which are `Secure` and have a `SameSite` value of `Lax`. This follows our [expert advice on client-side storage](/articles/oauth/oauth-token-storage#client-side-storage).

When you are making requests against these endpoints from your JavaScript application, ensure that you are sending cookies as well. The exact syntax varies, but for many frameworks, you must set `withCredentials` to `true` when you make the request.

_Cookies Set By the Hosted Backend_

| Name       | HttpOnly | Description                                                                                                                                                                                     |
|------------|----------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| app.at     | true     | The access token for the configured application. This is a JWT and can be presented to your APIs to access data and functionality.                                                              |
| app.rt     | true     | The refresh token for the configured application. Only present if the `offline_access` scope is requested. This can be presented to FusionAuth to retrieve a new access token.                  |
| app.idt    | false    | The Id token for the user for the configured application. Only present if the `openid` scope is requested. This is a JWT and can be accessed by JavaScript to display user account information. |
| app.at_exp | false    | The UNIX epoch timestamp indicating when the access token will expire. This can be checked by JavaScript to determine when a refresh token should be used to get a new access token.            |

FusionAuth will set the domain on these cookies to `.example.com` where `example` is the domain name that FusionAuth is serving from either from the domain or any subdomain, `com` is the top-level domain, and the `.` allows the cookie to match the domain and all subdomains. If the host is a simple host name or IP address FusionAuth will set the domain to that (i.e. `localhost` or `127.0.0.1`). If FusionAuth is on a nested domain, then it will set cookies on the broadest domain that is not a top-level domain.

What this means is that FusionAuth needs to be hosted on the same domain or a subdomain or sibling domain of the application that you intend to use with these endpoints.

<Aside type="caution">
  <HostedBackendWarning />
</Aside>

For example if your app is on `app.example.com` and FusionAuth is on `auth.example.com` the cookies would be usable by your application. If FusionAuth is on `auth.department.division.example.com` and the app lives on `app.otherdepartment.otherdivision.example.com`, the cookies would still be usable, since the cookies are set on the `example.com` domain.

## Login

This API will start an OAuth2 Authorization Code grant by building a valid request and then redirecting the browser to our `/oauth2/authorize` endpoint. If the user is not logged in the user will be presented with the login page and prompted for credentials before being redirected back to the [Callback](#callback) endpoint.

To use this API, redirect the browser to this route. This is not meant to be called by non-browser clients.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/app/login/{clientId}?redirect_uri={redirectUri}&state={state}&scope={scope}" authentication={["none"]} title="Start the login flow"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="clientId" type="UUID" required>
    The client Id for your Application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="redirect_uri" type="String" optional>
    The URL encoded URL that the browser will be redirected to at the end of the login flow. If provided, this URL must be included in the <InlineField>Authorized Redirect URLs</InlineField> array for your application. If not provided, the default will be the first value in the <InlineField>Authorized Redirect URLs</InlineField> array configured for your application. This parameter is validated the same as if it were being passed to `/oauth2/authorize`, however when using this endpoint FusionAuth will pass [Callback](#callback) as the <InlineField>redirect_uri</InlineField> to `/oauth2/authorize` as that route will handle the token exchange.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="state" type="String" optional>
    The value of this parameter will be echoed back in the <InlineField>state</InlineField> parameter of the redirect URL at the end of the login flow.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="scope" type="String" optional defaults="openid offline_access">
    The OAuth2 <InlineField>scope</InlineField> parameter to be passed to the `/oauth2/authorize` endpoint. The format is a URL encoded, space-separated list of scopes (i.e `openid+offline_access` or `openid%20offline_access`).

    Available scopes:

    * `openid` - This scope is used to request the `app.idt` Id token cookie be returned in the response
    * `offline_access` - This scope is used to request the `app.rt` refresh token cookie be returned in the response
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

Example Request URL
```
https://auth.example.com/app/login/297ca84b-69a9-4508-8649-97644e1d0b3d?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fapp.example.com%2Fcallback&state=yourStateData&scope=offline_access
```

### Response

Successful invocations of this route will return a  `302` redirect to `/oauth2/authorize`. Other status codes indicate an error.

_Response Codes_

| Code | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
|------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 200  | There was an error. The route will serve up an error page with HTML and details on what went wrong.                                                                                                                                                    |
| 302  | A successful request will redirect the user to `/oauth2/authorize` to log in.                                                                                                                                                                          |
| 403  | A forbidden response typically means that the Origin of this request did not pass the FusionAuth CORS filter. Add your app origin to your [CORS Configuration](/docs/operate/secure/cors) as an <InlineField>Allowed Origin</InlineField>. |
| 500  | There was a FusionAuth internal error. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files.                                                                                                                                               |

## Register

This API will start a registration flow by building a valid request and then redirecting the browser to our `/oauth2/register` endpoint. This endpoint is nearly identical to the [Login](#login) endpoint; however the end result is user registration instead of a login. If the user is not logged in the user will be presented with the registration page and prompted for credentials before being redirected back to the [Callback](#callback) endpoint. If the user is logged in they will be redirected to `/oauth2/authorize` and subsequently to the [Callback](#callback) endpoint.

[Self-service Registration](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications#registration) will need to be enabled otherwise this endpoint will redirect to [Login](#login).

To use this API, redirect the browser to this route. This is not meant to be called by non-browser clients.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/app/register/{clientId}?redirect_uri={redirectUri}&state={state}&scope={scope}" authentication={["none"]} title="Start the registration flow"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="clientId" type="UUID" required>
    The client Id for your Application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="redirect_uri" type="String" optional>
    The URL encoded URL that the browser will be redirected to at the end of the registration. If provided, this URL must be included in the <InlineField>Authorized Redirect URLs</InlineField> array for your application. If not provided, the default will be the first value in the <InlineField>Authorized Redirect URLs</InlineField> array configured for your application. This parameter is validated the same as if it were being passed to `/oauth2/register`, however when using this endpoint FusionAuth will pass [Callback](#callback) as the <InlineField>redirect_uri</InlineField> to `/oauth2/register` as that route will handle the token exchange.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="state" type="String" optional>
    The value of this parameter will be echoed back in the <InlineField>state</InlineField> parameter of the redirect URL at the end of the registration flow.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="scope" type="String" optional defaults="openid offline_access">
    The OAuth2 <InlineField>scope</InlineField> parameter to be passed to the `/oauth2/register` endpoint. The format is a URL encoded, space-separated list of scopes (i.e `openid+offline_access` or `openid%20offline_access`).

    Available scopes:

    * `openid` - This scope is used to request the `app.idt` Id token cookie be returned in the response
    * `offine_access` - This scope is used to request the `app.rt` refresh token cookie be returned in the response
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

Example Request URL
```
https://auth.example.com/app/register/297ca84b-69a9-4508-8649-97644e1d0b3d?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fapp.example.com%2Fcallback&state=yourStateData&scope=offline_access
```

### Response

Successful invocations of this route will return a  `302` redirect to `/oauth2/register`. Other status codes indicate an error.

_Response Codes_

| Code | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
|------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 200  | There was an error. The route will serve up an error page with HTML and details on what went wrong.                                                                                                                                                    |
| 302  | A successful request will redirect the user to `/oauth2/register` to register.                                                                                                                                                                         |
| 403  | A forbidden response typically means that the Origin of this request did not pass the FusionAuth CORS filter. Add your app origin to your [CORS Configuration](/docs/operate/secure/cors) as an <InlineField>Allowed Origin</InlineField>. |
| 500  | There was a FusionAuth internal error. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files.                                                                                                                                               |

## Callback

<Aside type="note">
You do not need to call this endpoint directly. The browser will be redirected here automatically after a successful login or registration. This is the route that handles the token exchange and sets the cookies on the browser and will redirect the browser to the defined `redirect_uri`.

This endpoint is documented for educational purposes only.
</Aside>

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/app/callback?code={code}&locale={locale}&state={state}&userState={userState}&client_id={client_id}&tenantId={tenantId}" authentication={["none"]} title="Receive the callback from the authorization flow"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="client_id" type="UUID" required>
    The client Id for your Application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tenantId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Tenant that is associated with the Application.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<OauthAuthorizeRedirectParameters />

Example Request URL
```
https://auth.example.com/app/callback?code=wJfjafZLvo_KH5-D4r-3YwMmStN3yHoZDGmBivjioz0&locale=en&state=eyJjIjoiODVhMDM4NjctZGNjZi00ODgyLWFkZGUtMWE3&userState=Authenticated&client_id=297ca84b-69a9-4508-8649-97644e1d0b3d&tenantId=e707be45-afa8-4881-9efb-4be7288395d2
```

### Response

A successful response will set cookies and return a `302` redirect to the `redirect_uri` specified in the initial request. Other status codes indicate an error.

_Response Codes_

| Code | Description                                                                                                                                                                              |
|------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 200  | There was an error. The route will serve up an error page with HTML and details on what went wrong.                                                                                      |
| 302  | A successful request will redirect the user to `redirect_uri` specified in the request or the default <InlineField>Authorized Redirect URL</InlineField> configured for the Application. |
| 500  | There was a FusionAuth internal error. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files.                                                                                 |

#### Response Cookies

<HostedBackendResponseCookies />

## Refresh

This endpoint will extract the `app.rt` cookie if present and use it to make a `refresh_token` request from `/oauth/token`. The configuration rules for your Application configuration apply; ensure that <InlineField>Refresh token</InlineField> grant is enabled. If successful a new set of cookies will be set on the response that will continue to allow access to the application. You can call this any time or you can review the value of `app.at_exp` and call it when the access token is about to expire.

This API request is made from the client application. The browser must *NOT* be redirected to this endpoint.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/app/refresh/{clientId}" authentication={["none"]} title="Refresh the access token"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="client_id" type="UUID" required>
    The client Id for your Application.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

Example Request URL
```
https://auth.example.com/app/refresh/297ca84b-69a9-4508-8649-97644e1d0b3d
```

### Response

A successful response will set cookies and return a `200`.

_Response Codes_

| Code | Description                                                                                                    |
|------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 200  | There was an error. The route will serve up an error page with HTML and details on what went wrong.            |
| 400  | The request was not successful. The client needs to reauthorize. Redirect the browser to the `Login` endpoint. |
| 500  | There was a FusionAuth internal error. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files.       |

#### Response Cookies

<HostedBackendResponseCookies />

## Me

This API is used to retrieve information about the currently logged in user. This call will take the `app.at` cookie value and use that to call the `/oauth2/userinfo` API.

This is an API request made from the client application and the browser must *NOT* be redirected to this endpoint.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/app/me/" authentication={["jwt"]} title="Get info about the user"/>

Example Request URL
```
https://auth.example.com/app/me
```

### Response

A successful response will set cookies and return a `302` redirect to the `redirect_uri` specified in the initial request. Other status codes indicate an error.

_Response Codes_

| Code | Description                                                                                              |
|------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 200  | The request was successful. The response will contain a JSON body.                                       |
| 401  | The user is not authorized. Call `Refresh` or redirect the browser to the `Login` endpoint.              |
| 500  | There was a FusionAuth internal error. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files. |

#### Response Body

<UserInfoResponse />

## Logout

This API will start a logout. The cookies set on [Callback](#callback) or [Refresh](#refresh) will be removed. If an SSO session was started, it will be ended.

To use this API, redirect the browser to this route and the router will respond with a `302` redirect status code. This is not meant to be called by non-browser clients.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/app/logout/{clientId}?redirect_uri={redirect_uri}" authentication={["none"]} title="Start the logout flow"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="clientId" type="UUID" required>
    The client Id for your Application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="post_logout_redirect_uri" type="String" optional>
    The URL encoded URL that the browser will be redirected to at the end of the logout flow. This value must be in the Application's <InlineField>Authorized Redirect URLs</InlineField> list. If no `post_logout_redirect_uri` is provided, the user will be redirected to the <InlineField>Logout URL</InlineField> configured for the Application.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

Example Request URL
```
https://auth.example.com/app/logout/297ca84b-69a9-4508-8649-97644e1d0b3d?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fapp.example.com%2
```

### Response

Successful invocations of this route will return a  `302` redirect to `/oauth2/logout`. Other status codes indicate an error. After logout the browser is redirected to the defined `redirect_uri`.

_Response Codes_

| Code | Description                                                                                              |
|------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 200  | There was an error. The route will serve up an error page with HTML and details on what went wrong.      |
| 302  | A successful request will redirect the user to `/oauth2/logout` to complete the logout.                  |
| 500  | There was a FusionAuth internal error. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files. |

# Apple

import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import AppleRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_apple-request-body.astro';
import AppleResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_apple-response-body.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import CompleteLoginText from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_complete-login-text.mdx';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import DeprecatedSince from 'src/components/api/DeprecatedSince.astro';
import IdentityProviderLoginRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_identity-provider-login-request-body.astro';
import IdentityProviderLoginResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_identity-provider-login-response-body.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import TokenStorageNote from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_token-storage-note.mdx';
import XForwardedForHeader from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_x-forwarded-for-header.mdx';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperationRowOnly from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-scoped-operation-row-only.mdx';

export const idp_display_name = 'Apple';
export const idp_since = 11700;

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.17.0`
</Aside>

The Apple identity provider type will use the Sign in with Apple APIs and will provide a <InlineUIElement>Sign in with Apple</InlineUIElement> button on FusionAuth's login page that will either redirect to an Apple sign in page or leverage native controls when using Safari on macOS or iOS. Additionally, this identity provider will call Apple's `/auth/token` API to load additional details about the user and store them in FusionAuth.

<TokenStorageNote idp_long_lived_token_type="refresh"
                  idp_refresh_additional_info_url="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/sign_in_with_apple/sign_in_with_apple_rest_api/verifying_a_user"
                  idp_display_name="Apple"
                  idp_linking_strategy="LinkByEmail"
                  token_name="refresh_token"
                  return_text="/auth/token" />

## Create an Apple Identity Provider

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create an Apple Identity Provider using a randomly generated Id"/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create an Apple Identity Provider with the provided unique Id"/>

The <InlineField>type</InlineField> in the request JSON is used to determine that you are managing an Apple identity provider.

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" optional immutable defaults="secure random UUID" since="1.61.0">
    The Id to use for the new Identity Provider. If an Id is not provided, a secure random UUID is generated. If neither an Id nor <InlineField>identityProvider.name</InlineField> are provided, the legacy fixed Apple IdP Id `13d2a5db-7ef9-4d62-b909-0df58612e775` will be used.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<AppleRequestBody idp_since={idp_since} />

### Response

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

<AppleResponseBody idp_since={idp_since} />

## Retrieve an Apple Identity Provider

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve an Apple Identity Provider by Id"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/identity-provider?type=Apple" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve Apple Identity Providers by type"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Apple Identity Provider to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error />

<AppleResponseBody idp_since={idp_since} />

## Update an Apple Identity Provider

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment capitalized_object_name="Apple Identity Provider" />

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update an Apple Identity Provider by Id"/>

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/identity-provider?type=Apple" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update an Apple Identity Provider by type (deprecated)"/>

<DeprecatedSince since="1.61.0">Prefer updating by Id. Updating by type attempts to update the Identity Provider with the legacy fixed Id `13d2a5db-7ef9-4d62-b909-0df58612e775`.</DeprecatedSince>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" immutable required>
    The unique Id of the Apple Identity Provider to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<AppleRequestBody idp_since={idp_since} />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Apple Identity Provider.

<StandardPutResponseCodes never_search_error />

<AppleResponseBody idp_since={idp_since} />

## Delete an Apple Identity Provider

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete an Apple Identity Provider by Id"/>

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/identity-provider?type=Apple" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete an Apple Identity Provider by type (deprecated)"/>

<DeprecatedSince since="1.61.0">Prefer deleting by Id. Deleting by type attempts to delete the Identity Provider with the legacy fixed Id `13d2a5db-7ef9-4d62-b909-0df58612e775`.</DeprecatedSince>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Apple Identity Provider to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes never_search_error />

## Complete the Apple Login

<CompleteLoginText idp_display_name="Apple" token_text_with_article="an id token" token_text="id token" />

Apple requires you use a hybrid grant. At a high level, the steps you'll follow are:

* Begin the Authorization Code grant with Apple using a hybrid grant: `response_type=code id_token`.
* Collect the two values, `code` and `id_token` sent to you by Apple on the redirect URL specified by the `redirect_uri` query parameter.
* Send these values to the FusionAuth IdP Login API to complete the login process. The API call, parameters to provide, and response are described below.

<Aside type="note">
Do not complete the Authorization Code exchange with Apple using the Token endpoint.
</Aside>

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider/login" authentication={["none"]} title="Complete Apple Login"/>

#### Request Headers

<APIBlock>
</APIBlock>

<XForwardedForHeader />
<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperationRowOnly />

<IdentityProviderLoginRequestBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name} />

<JSON title="Example Native Request JSON" src="identity-providers/login/apple-request-native.json" />

### Response

The response for this API contains the User object.

<IdentityProviderLoginResponseBody />

# Epic Games

import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import OAuthIdpOperations from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_oauth-idp-operations.mdx';
import TokenStorageNote from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_token-storage-note.mdx';

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.28.0`
</Aside>

The Epic Games identity provider type will use the Epic Games OAuth login API. It will also provide a <InlineUIElement>Login with Epic Games</InlineUIElement> button on FusionAuth’s login page that will direct a user to the <Breadcrumb>Epic Games login page</Breadcrumb>.

This identity provider will call Epic Games' API to load the Epic Games user's `displayName` and use that as `username` to lookup or create a user in FusionAuth depending on the linking strategy configured for this identity provider. However, Epic Games does not allow access to user emails, so neither email linking strategy can be used and user’s will not be able to login or be created.

<TokenStorageNote idp_long_lived_token_type="refresh" idp_refresh_additional_info_url="https://dev.epicgames.com/docs/web-api-ref/authentication" manual_idp_display_name={frontmatter.idpDisplayName} token_name="refresh_token" return_text="the Epic Games login " hide_token_map_deprecation="true" />

<OAuthIdpOperations idp_long_lived_token_type="refresh" idp_refresh_additional_info_url="https://dev.epicgames.com/docs/web-api-ref/authentication" manual_idp_display_name={frontmatter.idpDisplayName} idp_id="1b932b19-61a8-47c7-9e81-27dbf9011dad" idp_linking_strategy="CreatePendingLink" idp_lowercase="epicgames" idp_since={12800} idp_token_or_code="token or code" idp_type="EpicGames" />

# External JWT

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import ExternalJwtProviderWarning from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_external-jwt-provider-warning.mdx';
import TokenStorageNote from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_token-storage-note.mdx';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import ExternalJwtRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_external-jwt-request-body.mdx';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import ExternalJwtResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_external-jwt-response-body.mdx';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';
import XForwardedForHeader from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_x-forwarded-for-header.mdx';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperationRowOnly from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-scoped-operation-row-only.mdx';
import IdentityProviderLoginRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_identity-provider-login-request-body.astro';
import IdentityProviderLoginResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_identity-provider-login-response-body.mdx';

export const idp_display_name = 'External JWT';
export const idp_enforce_email_verified_claim = true;
export const idp_since = 10100;
export const idp_linking_strategy = 'LinkByEmail';

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.1.0`
</Aside>

This is a special type of identity provider that is only used via the [JWT Reconcile](/docs/apis/jwt#reconcile-a-jwt-using-the-external-jwt-provider) API. This identity provider defines the claims inside the incoming JWT and how they map to fields in the FusionAuth User object.

<ExternalJwtProviderWarning />

In order for this identity provider to use the JWT, it also needs the public key or HMAC secret that the JWT was signed with. FusionAuth will verify that the JWT is valid and has not expired. Once the JWT has been validated, FusionAuth will reconcile it to ensure that the User exists and is up-to-date.

[//]: # (idp_display_name blank on purpose reads better)
<TokenStorageNote idp_display_name idp_linking_strategy="LinkByEmail" token_name="token provided in the refresh_token field" return_text="request" />

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create an Identity Provider using a randomly generated id"/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create an Identity Provider with the provided unique id"/>

The <InlineField>type</InlineField> property in the request JSON is used to determine that you are managing an External JWT identity provider.

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" optional immutable defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new Identity Provider. If an id is not provided, a secure random UUID is generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<ExternalJwtRequestBody idp_since={idp_since} idp_display_name={idp_display_name} idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy} idp_enforce_email_verified_claim={idp_enforce_email_verified_claim}  />

### Response

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

<ExternalJwtResponseBody idp_since={props.idp_since} idp_display_name={props.idp_display_name} idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy} />

## Retrieve an External JWT Identity Provider

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve an external JWT Identity Provider by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Identity Provider to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error />

<ExternalJwtResponseBody />


## Update an External JWT Identity Provider

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment capitalized_object_name="External JWT Identity Provider" />

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update an Identity Provider"/>

<ExternalJwtRequestBody />

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" immutable required>
    The unique Id of the Identity Provider to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<ExternalJwtRequestBody idp_since={idp_since} idp_display_name={idp_display_name} idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy} idp_enforce_email_verified_claim={idp_enforce_email_verified_claim} />

### Response

The response for this API contains the external JWT Identity Provider that was updated.

<StandardPutResponseCodes never_search_error />

<ExternalJwtResponseBody idp_since={props.idp_since} idp_display_name={props.idp_display_name} idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy} />

## Delete an External JWT Identity Provider

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete an Identity Provider by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Identity Provider to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes never_search_error />

## Complete the External JWT Login

This API allows you to complete an External JWT login after retrieving the external JWT and processing it.

For example, if you have a JWT representing a user, using this API you can pass that JWT returned from an external service to FusionAuth and we will complete the login workflow and reconcile the user to FusionAuth.

The user does not need to exist yet in FusionAuth to utilize this API, depending on the configured [linking strategy](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/#linking-strategies). The token returned will be used to retrieve the user's email address or username and if that user does not yet exist in FusionAuth the user may be created.

If <InlineField>createRegistration</InlineField> has been enabled for this identity provider and the user does not yet have a registration for this application, a registration will be automatically created for the user. The user will be assigned any default roles configured for the application.

If <InlineField>createRegistration</InlineField> has not been enabled, a registration will not be created if one does not yet exist. This is useful if you wish to manually provision users and then subsequently allow them to login.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider/login" authentication={["none"]} title="Complete External JWT Login"/>

#### Request Headers

<APIBlock>
  <XForwardedForHeader />
  <XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperationRowOnly />
</APIBlock>

<IdentityProviderLoginRequestBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name} />

### Response

The response for this API contains the User object.

<IdentityProviderLoginResponseBody />

# Facebook

import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import CompleteLoginText from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_complete-login-text.mdx';
import FacebookPostRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_facebook-post-request-body.mdx';
import FacebookPutRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_facebook-put-request-body.mdx';
import FacebookResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_facebook-response-body.mdx';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import IdentityProviderLoginRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_identity-provider-login-request-body.astro';
import IdentityProviderLoginResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_identity-provider-login-response-body.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import TokenStorageNote from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_token-storage-note.mdx';
import DeprecatedSince from 'src/components/api/DeprecatedSince.astro';
import XForwardedForHeader from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_x-forwarded-for-header.mdx';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperationRowOnly from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-scoped-operation-row-only.mdx';

export const idp_display_name = "Facebook";
export const idp_since = 10100;
export const idp_linking_strategy="LinkByEmail";

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.1.0`
</Aside>

The Facebook identity provider type will use the Facebook OAuth login API. It will provide a <InlineUIElement>Login with Facebook</InlineUIElement> button on FusionAuth's login page that will leverage the Facebook login pop-up dialog. Additionally, this identity provider type will call Facebook's Graph API to load additional details about the user and store them in FusionAuth.

The email address returned by the Facebook Graph API will be used to create or lookup the existing user. Additional claims returned by Facebook can be used to reconcile the User to FusionAuth by using a Facebook Reconcile Lambda. Unless you assign a reconcile lambda to this provider, on the `email` address will be used from the available claims returned by Facebook.

When the `picture` field is not requested FusionAuth will also call Facebook's `/me/picture` API to load the user's profile image and store it as the `imageUrl` in FusionAuth. When the `picture` field is requested, the user's profile image will be returned by the `/me` API and a second request to the `/me/picture` endpoint will not be required.

<TokenStorageNote idp_long_lived_token_type="long-lived" idp_display_name={idp_display_name} idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy} token_name="long-lived token" return_text="/oauth/access_token (after presenting the login token)" />

Please note if an `idp_hint` is appended to the OAuth Authorize endpoint, then the interaction behavior will be defaulted to `redirect`, even if popup interaction is explicitly configured.

## Create a Facebook Identity Provider

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Facebook Identity Provider using a randomly generated Id"/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Facebook Identity Provider with the provided unique Id"/>

The <InlineField>type</InlineField> in the request JSON is used to determine that you are managing a Facebook identity provider.

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" optional immutable defaults="secure random UUID" since="1.61.0">
    The Id to use for the new Identity Provider. If an Id is not provided, a secure random UUID is generated. If neither an Id nor <InlineField>identityProvider.name</InlineField> are provided, the legacy fixed Facebook IdP Id `56abdcc7-8bd9-4321-9621-4e9bbebae494` will be used.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<FacebookPostRequestBody idp_since={idp_since}
                         idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                         idp_display_name={idp_display_name} />

### Response

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

<FacebookResponseBody idp_since={idp_since}
                      idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                      idp_display_name={idp_display_name} />

## Retrieve a Facebook Identity Provider


### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a Facebook Identity Provider by Id"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/identity-provider?type=Facebook" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve Facebook Identity Providers by type"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Facebook Identity Provider to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes />

<FacebookResponseBody idp_since={idp_since}
                      idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                      idp_display_name={idp_display_name} />

## Update a Facebook Identity Provider

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment capitalized_object_name="Facebook Identity Provider" />

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update a Facebook Identity Provider by Id"/>

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/identity-provider?type=Facebook" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update a Facebook Identity Provider by type (deprecated)"/>

<DeprecatedSince since="1.61.0">Prefer updating by Id. Updating by type attempts to update the Identity Provider with the legacy fixed Id `56abdcc7-8bd9-4321-9621-4e9bbebae494`.</DeprecatedSince>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" immutable required>
    The unique Id of the Facebook Identity Provider to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<FacebookPutRequestBody idp_since={idp_since}
                        idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                        idp_display_name={idp_display_name} />

### Response

The response for this API contains a Facebook Identity Provider.

<StandardPutResponseCodes />

<FacebookResponseBody idp_since={idp_since}
                      idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                      idp_display_name={idp_display_name} />

## Delete a Facebook Identity Provider

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete a Facebook Identity Provider by Id"/>

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/identity-provider?type=Facebook" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete a Facebook Identity Provider by type (deprecated)"/>

<DeprecatedSince since="1.61.0">Prefer deleting by Id. Deleting by type attempts to delete the Identity Provider with the legacy fixed Id `56abdcc7-8bd9-4321-9621-4e9bbebae494`.</DeprecatedSince>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Facebook Identity Provider to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes />

## Complete a Facebook Login

<CompleteLoginText idp_display_name={idp_display_name} token_text_with_article="an access token" token_text="access token" />

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider/login" authentication={["none"]} title="Complete Facebook Login"/>

#### Request Headers

<APIBlock>
  <XForwardedForHeader />
  <XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperationRowOnly />
</APIBlock>

<IdentityProviderLoginRequestBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name} idp_since={idp_since} />

### Response

The response for this API contains the User object.

<IdentityProviderLoginResponseBody />

# Google

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import OauthIdpOperations from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_oauth-idp-operations.mdx';
import TokenStorageNote from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_token-storage-note.mdx';

<Aside type="version">
This API has been available since version `1.1.0`
</Aside>

The Google identity provider type will use the Google OAuth v2.0 login API. It will also provide a <InlineUIElement>Login with Google</InlineUIElement> button on FusionAuth’s login page that will direct a user to the Google login page.

This identity provider will call Google’s API to load the user's `email` and `preferred_username` and use those as `email` and `username` to lookup or create a user in FusionAuth depending on the linking strategy configured for this identity provider. Additional claims returned by Google can be used to reconcile the user to FusionAuth by using a Google Reconcile Lambda.

<TokenStorageNote idp_long_lived_token_type="id_token" manual_idp_display_name={frontmatter.idpDisplayName} idp_linking_strategy="LinkByEmail" token_name="id_token" return_text="Google API" />

Please note if an `idp_hint` is appended to the OAuth Authorize endpoint, then the login method interaction will be `redirect`, even if popup interaction is explicitly configured.

<OauthIdpOperations idp_id="82339786-3dff-42a6-aac6-1f1ceecb6c46" manual_idp_display_name={frontmatter.idpDisplayName} idp_login_method idp_lowercase="google" idp_since="10100" idp_token_or_code="token or code" idp_type="Google" />

# HYPR

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import HyprRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_hypr-request-body.mdx';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import HyprResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_hypr-response-body.mdx';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';
import IdentityProviderStartRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_identity-provider-start-request-body.mdx';
import IdentityProviderStartResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_identity-provider-start-response-body.astro';
import CompleteLoginText from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_complete-login-text.mdx';
import XForwardedForHeader from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_x-forwarded-for-header.mdx';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperationRowOnly from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-scoped-operation-row-only.mdx';
import IdentityProviderLoginRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_identity-provider-login-request-body.astro';
import IdentityProviderLoginResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_identity-provider-login-response-body.mdx';
import DeprecatedSince from 'src/components/api/DeprecatedSince.astro';

export const idp_display_name = 'HYPR';
export const idp_since = 11200;
export const id_linking_strategy = 'Unsupported';

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.12.0`
</Aside>

## Create a HYPR Identity Provider

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a HYPR Identity Provider using a randomly generated Id"/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a HYPR Identity Provider (client provided Id)"/>

The <InlineField>type</InlineField> property in the request JSON is used to determine that you are managing the HYPR identity provider.

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" optional immutable defaults="secure random UUID" since="1.61.0">
    The Id to use for the new Identity Provider. If an Id is not provided, a secure random UUID is generated. If neither an Id nor <InlineField>identityProvider.name</InlineField> are provided, the legacy fixed HYPR IdP Id `778985b7-6fd8-414d-acf2-94f18fb7c7e0` will be used.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<HyprRequestBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name} idp_since={idp_since} idp_linking_strategy={id_linking_strategy} />

### Response

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

<HyprResponseBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name} idp_since={idp_since} idp_linking_strategy={id_linking_strategy} />

## Retrieve a HYPR Identity Provider

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a HYPR Identity Provider by Id"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/identity-provider?type=HYPR" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve HYPR Identity Providers by type"/>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error />

<HyprResponseBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name} idp_since={idp_since} idp_linking_strategy={id_linking_strategy} />

## Update a HYPR Identity Provider

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment capitalized_object_name="HYPR Identity Provider" />

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update the HYPR Identity Provider by Id"/>

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/identity-provider?type=HYPR" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update the HYPR Identity Provider by type (deprecated)"/>

<DeprecatedSince since="1.61.0">Prefer updating by Id. Updating by type attempts to update the Identity Provider with the legacy fixed Id `778985b7-6fd8-414d-acf2-94f18fb7c7e0`.</DeprecatedSince>

<HyprRequestBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name} idp_since={idp_since} idp_linking_strategy={id_linking_strategy} />

### Response

The response for this API contains the HYPR Identity Provider.

<StandardPutResponseCodes never_search_error />

<HyprResponseBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name} idp_since={idp_since} idp_linking_strategy={id_linking_strategy} />

## Delete a HYPR Identity Provider

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete a HYPR Identity Provider by Id"/>

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/identity-provider?type=HYPR" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete a HYPR Identity Provider by type (deprecated)"/>

<DeprecatedSince since="1.61.0">Prefer deleting by Id. Deleting by type attempts to delete the Identity Provider with the legacy fixed Id `778985b7-6fd8-414d-acf2-94f18fb7c7e0`.</DeprecatedSince>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes never_search_error />


## Start the HYPR Login Request

This API is used to initiate a HYPR login request when integrating without the FusionAuth hosted login pages.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider/start" authentication={["none"]} title="Start a login request"/>

<IdentityProviderStartRequestBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name} idp_since={idp_since} idp_linking_strategy={id_linking_strategy} />

### Response

The response for this API contains a code that can be used to complete the login request.

<IdentityProviderStartResponseBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name} idp_since={idp_since} idp_linking_strategy={id_linking_strategy} />

## Complete the HYPR Login

<CompleteLoginText idp_display_name={idp_display_name} token_text_with_article="a token" token_text="token" />

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider/login" authentication={["none"]} title="Complete HYPR Login"/>

#### Request Headers

<APIBlock>
  <XForwardedForHeader />
  <XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperationRowOnly />
</APIBlock>

<IdentityProviderLoginRequestBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name} idp_since={idp_since} idp_linking_strategy={id_linking_strategy} />

### Response

The response for this API contains the User object.

<IdentityProviderLoginResponseBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name} idp_since={idp_since} idp_linking_strategy={id_linking_strategy} />

# Identity Providers

import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import MultipleResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_multiple-response-body.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import IdentityProviderSearchRequestParameters from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_identity-provider-search-request-parameters.mdx';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import LookupResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_lookup-response-body.mdx';

An Identity Provider is a named object that provides configuration to describe an external identity provider. This configuration will be used to perform an alternative login to the standard FusionAuth local login. FusionAuth currently supports a number of different identity provider types:

* [Apple](/docs/apis/identity-providers/apple)
* [Epic Games](/docs/apis/identity-providers/epicgames) - requires a paid plan.
* [External JWT](/docs/apis/identity-providers/external-jwt)
* [Facebook](/docs/apis/identity-providers/facebook)
* [Google](/docs/apis/identity-providers/google)
* [HYPR](/docs/apis/identity-providers/hypr)
* [LinkedIn](/docs/apis/identity-providers/linkedin)
* [Nintendo](/docs/apis/identity-providers/nintendo) - requires a paid plan.
* [OpenID Connect](/docs/apis/identity-providers/openid-connect)
* [SAML v2](/docs/apis/identity-providers/samlv2)
* [SAML v2 IdP Initiated](/docs/apis/identity-providers/samlv2-idp-initiated) - requires a paid plan.
* [Sony PlayStation Network](/docs/apis/identity-providers/sonypsn) - requires a paid plan.
* [Steam](/docs/apis/identity-providers/steam) - requires a paid plan.
* [Twitch](/docs/apis/identity-providers/twitch) - requires a paid plan.
* [Twitter](/docs/apis/identity-providers/twitter)
* [Xbox](/docs/apis/identity-providers/xbox) - requires a paid plan.

The type of the identity provider will determine the object's properties as well as the validation that is performed. You can click into any of the identity provider API docs to get a list of that identity provider's properties.

To learn how to configure these Identity Providers using the FusionAuth UI, go here [Identity Providers](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/).

### Link APIs

The way a link is established between an identity provider and FusionAuth is determined by the `linkingStrategy` for each identity provider. An API is provided to manually link and unlink a user to a 3rd party identity provider. To learn more about managing links between FusionAuth and a 3rd party identity provider, see the [Link APIs](/docs/apis/identity-providers/links).

### Global Operations

## Retrieve all Identity Providers

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/identity-provider" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve all of the Identity Providers"/>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_missing never_search_error />

<MultipleResponseBody include_total={false} />

## Search for Identity Providers

<Aside type="version">
This API has been available since 1.45.0
</Aside>

This API is used to search for Identity Providers and may be called using the `GET` or `POST` HTTP methods. Examples of each are provided below. The `POST` method is provided to allow for a richer request object without worrying about exceeding the maximum length of a URL. Calling this API with either the `GET` or `POST` HTTP method will provide the same search results given the same query parameters.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/identity-provider/search?name={name}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Identity Providers"/>

### Request Parameters

<IdentityProviderSearchRequestParameters parameter_prefix="" />


<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider/search" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Identity Providers"/>

When calling the API using a `POST` request you will send the search criteria in a JSON request body.

### Request Body

<IdentityProviderSearchRequestParameters parameter_prefix="search." />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Identity Providers matching the search criteria in paginated format and the total number of results matching the search criteria.

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_missing never_search_error />

<MultipleResponseBody include_total />

## Lookup an Identity Provider

The Lookup API is intended to be used during an external login workflow.

For example, you might build your own login page. This page might collect the user's email as the first step. That email address can be sent to this API to determine which identity provider was designated as the provider for this email address. If the identity provider is an OpenID Connect provider, then you might redirect the user over to that provider.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/identity-provider/lookup?domain={domain}" authentication={["none"]} title="Lookup an Identity Provider by domain/email"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="domain" type="String" required>
    The email domain or the full email address of the user.

    > For example, `jenny@acme.com` and `acme.com` are functionally equivalent.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tenantId" type="UUID" optional since="1.62.0">
    If provided, the API searches for an identity provider scoped to the corresponding tenant that manages the requested domain. If no result is found, the API then searches for global identity providers.

    Omitting this parameter will only search global identity providers.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The Lookup response is a subset of the Identity Provider configurations that would be returned by the identity provider retrieve operation. A `200` response code indicates the domain is managed and the response will contain a JSON body, a `404` response code indicates it is not managed by a configured Identity Provider.

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error no_authorization missing_message="The requested domain is not being managed by a configured Identity Provider." />

<LookupResponseBody />

# LinkedIn

import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import CompleteLoginText from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_complete-login-text.mdx';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import IdentityProviderLoginRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_identity-provider-login-request-body.astro';
import IdentityProviderLoginResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_identity-provider-login-response-body.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import LinkedinRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_linkedin-request-body.mdx';
import LinkedinResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_linkedin-response-body.mdx';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import TokenStorageNote from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_token-storage-note.mdx';
import DeprecatedSince from 'src/components/api/DeprecatedSince.astro';
import XForwardedForHeader from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_x-forwarded-for-header.mdx';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperationRowOnly from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-scoped-operation-row-only.mdx';

export const idp_display_name = 'LinkedIn';
export const idp_enforce_email_verified_claim = true;
export const idp_since = 12300;
export const idp_linking_strategy = 'LinkByEmail';

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.23.0`
</Aside>

The LinkedIn identity provider type will use OAuth 2.0 to authenticate a user with LinkedIn. It will also provide a <InlineUIElement>Login with LinkedIn</InlineUIElement> button on FusionAuth's login page that will direct a user to the LinkedIn login page. Additionally, after successful user authentication, this identity provider will either call LinkedIn's `/v2/userinfo` API or their `/v2/me` and `/v2/emailAddress` APIs to load additional details about the user and store them in FusionAuth.

The email address returned by the LinkedIn API will be used to create or look up the existing user. Additional claims returned by LinkedIn can be used to reconcile the User to FusionAuth by using a LinkedIn Reconcile lambda. Unless you assign a reconcile lambda to this provider, only the `email` address will be used from the available claims returned by LinkedIn.

<TokenStorageNote idp_long_lived_token_type="access_token"
                  idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                  idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                  token_name="access_token"
                  return_text="login endpoint" />



### LinkedIn Identity Provider Scopes

<Aside type="caution">
LinkedIn has changed their API programs over time.
</Aside>

Depending on when you created your application in LinkedIn you may need to use a different set of scopes. LinkedIn had an older "compliance" program for signing in with LinkedIn that used their [Profile API](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/linkedin/shared/integrations/people/profile-api). The newer program is "Sign In with LinkedIn using OpenID Connect" and uses their [UserInfo API](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/linkedin/consumer/integrations/self-serve/sign-in-with-linkedin-v2#api-request-to-retreive-member-details) to query for user details.

Prior to version 1.49.0 FusionAuth only supported the legacy program. The values to use in the <InlineField>scope</InlineField> parameter are `r_emailaddress`, which returns the user's email and either `r_liteprofile` or `r_basicprofile` for the remaining user info.

The newer program will always the `openid` scope and `profile` for the user's profile information and `email` for the user's email.

You will need to upgrade to FusionAuth version 1.49.0 or later to use the LinkedIn identity provider with the newer OpenID Connect program.

## Create a LinkedIn Identity Provider

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a LinkedIn Identity Provider using a randomly generated Id"/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a LinkedIn Identity Provider (client provided Id)"/>

The <InlineField>type</InlineField> in the request JSON indicates this is a LinkedIn Identity Provider.

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" optional immutable defaults="secure random UUID" since="1.61.0">
    The Id to use for the new Identity Provider. If an Id is not provided, a secure random UUID is generated. If neither an Id nor <InlineField>identityProvider.name</InlineField> are provided, the legacy fixed LinkedIn IdP Id `6177c09d-3f0e-4d53-9504-3600b1b23f46` will be used.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<LinkedinRequestBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                     idp_enforce_email_verified_claim={idp_enforce_email_verified_claim}
                     idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                     idp_since={idp_since}/>

### Response

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

<LinkedinResponseBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                      idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                      idp_since={idp_since}/>

## Retrieve a LinkedIn Identity Provider

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a LinkedIn Identity Provider by Id"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/identity-provider?type=LinkedIn" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve LinkedIn Identity Providers by type"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the LinkedIn Identity Provider to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error />


<LinkedinResponseBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                      idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                      idp_since={idp_since}/>

## Update a LinkedIn Identity Provider

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment capitalized_object_name="LinkedIn Identity Provider" />

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update a LinkedIn Identity Provider by Id"/>

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/identity-provider?type=LinkedIn" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update a LinkedIn Identity Provider by type (deprecated)"/>

<DeprecatedSince since="1.61.0">Prefer updating by Id. Updating by type attempts to update the Identity Provider with the legacy fixed Id `6177c09d-3f0e-4d53-9504-3600b1b23f46`.</DeprecatedSince>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" immutable required>
    The unique Id of the LinkedIn Identity Provider to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<LinkedinRequestBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                     idp_enforce_email_verified_claim={idp_enforce_email_verified_claim}
                     idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                     idp_since={idp_since} />

### Response

The response for this API contains a LinkedIn Identity Provider.

<StandardPutResponseCodes never_search_error />

<LinkedinResponseBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                      idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                      idp_since={idp_since}/>

## Delete a LinkedIn Identity Provider

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete a LinkedIn Identity Provider by Id"/>

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/identity-provider?type=LinkedIn" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete a LinkedIn Identity Provider by type (deprecated)"/>

<DeprecatedSince since="1.61.0">Prefer deleting by Id. Deleting by type attempts to delete the Identity Provider with the legacy fixed Id `6177c09d-3f0e-4d53-9504-3600b1b23f46`.</DeprecatedSince>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the LinkedIn Identity Provider to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes never_search_error />


## Complete a LinkedIn Login

<CompleteLoginText idp_display_name={idp_display_name} token_text_with_article="an id token" token_text="id token" />

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider/login" authentication={["none"]} title="Complete LinkedIn Login"/>

#### Request Headers

<APIBlock>
  <XForwardedForHeader />
  <XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperationRowOnly />
</APIBlock>

<IdentityProviderLoginRequestBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                                  idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                                  idp_since={idp_since} />

### Response

The response for this API contains the User object.

<IdentityProviderLoginResponseBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                                   idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                                   idp_since={idp_since}/>

# Links

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-scoped-operation.mdx';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import LinksPostResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_links-post-response-body.mdx';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import LinkResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_link-response-body.mdx';
import LinksResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_links-response-body.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import PendingLinkResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_pending-link-response-body.mdx';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.28.0`
</Aside>

This page contains the APIs that are used to manage Links that establish a relationship between a FusionAuth User and an Identity Provider.

## Link a User

This API is used to create a link between a FusionAuth User and a user in a 3rd party identity provider. This API may be useful when you already know the unique Id of a user in a 3rd party identity provider and the corresponding FusionAuth User.

### Request

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.43.0`
</Aside>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider/link" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Link a User"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderLink.displayName" type="String" optional>
    A optional human readable name for this link such as an email address, username or given name. This value should be used to make it easier to identify the user this link represents in the remote identity provider.

    Please note, that this value will always be overwritten during login to reflect the most current information from the identity provider. In most cases this value will be an email address or username.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="identityProviderLink.identityProviderId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the identify provider that will be linked to the User.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="identityProviderLink.identityProviderUserId" type="String" required>
    The Id for the user that is provided by the upstream identity provider. This is the value that will allow FusionAuth to link this User on future logins. This value is expected to be immutable.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="identityProviderLink.userId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the FusionAuth User that is being linked to the identity provider.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="identityProviderLink.token" type="String" optional>
    The token returned from the identity provider. This is treated as an opaque token as the type varies by identity provider, this value may not be returned by all identity providers. When provided, this token is typically a long lived access or refresh token, but consult individual identity provider documentation for specifics.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Request JSON" src="identity-providers/links/request.json" />

<Aside type="note">
Deprecated in version `1.43.0`

While this API is still functional, its usage is discouraged. When available please use the [Link a User endpoint](/docs/apis/identity-providers/links#link-a-user) which takes a different request body.
</Aside>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider/link" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Link a User"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="displayName" type="String" optional since="1.28.1">
    An optional human readable name for this link such as an email address, username or given name. This value should be used to make it easier to identify the user this link represents in the remote identity provider.

    Please note, that this value will always be overwritten during login to reflect the most current information from the identity provider. In most cases this value will be an email address or username.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the identity provider.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="identityProviderUserId" type="String" required>
    The Id for the User that is provided by the identity provider. This is the value that will allow FusionAuth to link this user on future logins. This value is expected to be immutable.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" required>
    The FusionAuth Id of the User that is being linked to the identity provider.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Request JSON" src="identity-providers/links/request-deprecated.json" />

### Response

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error webhook_event />

<LinksPostResponseBody />

## Complete a pending Link

This API is used complete a pending link. If an identity provider is configured with a linking strategy of `Create a pending link`, a `pendingLinkId` will be returned by the Identity Provider API (see the `Complete the Login` section for each respective IdP). This value can be used in the request below.

### Request

<Aside type="version">
Available Since Version `1.43.0`
</Aside>
<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider/link" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Complete a pending Link"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="pendingIdPLinkId" type="String" required>
    The pending identity provider link Id.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="identityProviderLink.userId" type="String" required>
    The unique Id of the FusionAuth User that is being linked to the identity provider.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Request JSON" src="identity-providers/links/pending-request.json" />

<Aside type="note">
Deprecated in version 1.43.0.

While this API is still functional, its usage is discouraged. When available please use the [Complete a Pending Link](/docs/apis/identity-providers/links#complete-a-pending-link) which takes a different request body.
</Aside>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider/link" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Complete a pending Link"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="pendingIdPLinkId" type="String" required>
    The pending identity provider link Id.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userId" type="String" required>
    The Id of the User that is being linked to the identity provider.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Request JSON" src="identity-providers/links/pending-request-deprecated.json" />

### Response

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error webhook_event />

<LinksPostResponseBody />

## Retrieve a Link

This API is used to retrieve a single Link, all Links for a specific identity provider and user, or all Links for a user.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/identity-provider/link?identityProviderId={identityProviderId}&identityProviderUserId={identityProviderUserId}&userId={userId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a single link"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the identity provider.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="identityProviderUserId" type="String" required>
    The unique user Id in the 3rd party identity provider. Ideally this value never change and will always uniquely identify the user in the 3rd party identity provider.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" optional>
    The FusionAuth User Id that is linked to the identity provider. When this value is provided, a `404` status code will be returned if the link does not exist, or the link exists but is linked to a different `userId`. If you wish to identify if any user is linked, omit this parameter.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/identity-provider/link?identityProviderId={identityProviderId}&userId={userId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve all links for a specific user by identity provider"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the identity provider.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" required>
    The FusionAuth User Id that is linked to the identity provider.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/identity-provider/link?userId={userId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve all links for a user"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" required>
    The FusionAuth User Id that is linked to the identity provider.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error />

<LinkResponseBody />

<LinksResponseBody />

## Retrieve a Pending Link

<Aside type="version">
This API has been available since 1.46.0
</Aside>

This API is used to retrieve a pending IdP Link. A pending IdP Link is created after a user completes login with an Identity Provider configured with a linking strategy of <InlineField>Create a Pending Link</InlineField>. This pending IdP link is then used to link a user in a 3rd party identity provider to a user in FusionAuth.

Retrieving this link may be useful if you are building your own login pages, and need to identify the Identity Provider or various meta-data associated with his pending link.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/identity-provider/link/pending/{pendingLinkId}?userId={userId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a single pending link by Id"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="pendingLinkId" type="String" required>
    The unique pending IdP Link Id.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" optional>
    The optional User Id that you intend to link using this pending IdP Link. When provided the user's current link count will be returned in the response body.

    This can be useful if you are limiting the number of links a user may have to a single identity provider. This will help you understand if the link will succeed for this user.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error />

<PendingLinkResponseBody />

## Unlink a User

This API is used to remove a link between a FusionAuth User and a 3rd party identity provider.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/identity-provider/link?identityProviderId={identityProviderId}&identityProviderUserId={identityProviderUserId}&userId={userId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete the Link with the given Id"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the identity provider.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="identityProviderUserId" type="String" required>
    The Id for the user that is provided by the upstream identity provider. This is the value that will allow FusionAuth to link this user on future logins. This value is expected to be immutable.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" required>
    The FusionAuth User Id that is linked to the identity provider.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes never_search_error />

# Nintendo

import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import TokenStorageNote from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_token-storage-note.mdx';
import OauthIdpOperations from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_oauth-idp-operations.mdx';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.36.0`
</Aside>

The Nintendo identity provider type will use the Nintendo OAuth login API. It will also provide a <InlineUIElement>Login with Nintendo</InlineUIElement> button on FusionAuth's login page.

If the linking strategy depends on a username or email address, FusionAuth will leverage the `/users/me` API that is part of the Nintendo specification. The email address and username returned in the response will be used to create or lookup the existing User. Additional claims from the response can be used to reconcile the User in FusionAuth by using an Nintendo Reconcile Lambda. Unless you assign a reconcile lambda to this provider or configure the IdP options to use different claims, the `email` and `preferred_username` will be used from the available claims returned by the Nintendo identity provider.

<TokenStorageNote idp_long_lived_token_type="access_token" manual_idp_display_name={frontmatter.idpDisplayName} token_name="access_token" return_text="Nintendo API" hide_token_map_deprecation="true" />

<OauthIdpOperations idp_long_lived_token_type="access_token"
                    manual_idp_display_name={frontmatter.idpDisplayName}
                    idp_id="b0ac2e16-d4af-483e-98c8-7f6693610665"
                    idp_linking_strategy="CreatePendingLink"
                    idp_lowercase="nintendo"
                    idp_since="13600"
                    idp_token_or_code="token or code"
                    idp_type="Nintendo"
                    optional_tag={true} />

# OpenID Connect

import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import CompleteLoginText from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_complete-login-text.mdx';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import IdentityProviderLoginRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_identity-provider-login-request-body.astro';
import IdentityProviderLoginResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_identity-provider-login-response-body.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import OpenidConnectRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_openid-connect-request-body.mdx';
import OpenidConnectResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_openid-connect-response-body.mdx';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import TokenStorageNote from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_token-storage-note.mdx';
import XForwardedForHeader from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_x-forwarded-for-header.mdx';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperationRowOnly from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-scoped-operation-row-only.mdx';

export const idp_display_name = 'OpenID Connect';
export const idp_enforce_email_verified_claim = true;
export const idp_linking_strategy = 'LinkByEmail';
export const idp_since = 10100;
export const optional_tag = true;

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.1.0`
</Aside>

OpenID Connect identity providers connect to external OpenID Connect login systems. This type of login will optionally provide a <InlineUIElement>Login with ...</InlineUIElement> button on FusionAuth's login page. This button is customizable by using different properties of the identity provider.

Optionally, this identity provider can define one or more domains it is associated with. This is useful for allowing employees to log in with their corporate credentials. As long as the company has an identity solution that provides OpenID Connect, you can leverage this feature. This is referred to as a **Domain Based Identity Provider**. If you enable domains for an identity provider, the <InlineUIElement>Login with ...</InlineUIElement> button will not be displayed. Instead, only the `email` form field will be displayed initially on the FusionAuth login page. Once the user types in their email address, FusionAuth will determine if the user is logging in locally or if they should be redirected to this identity provider. This is determined by extracting the domain from their email address and comparing it to the domains associated with the identity provider.

FusionAuth will also leverage the `/userinfo` API that is part of the OpenID Connect specification. The email address returned from the Userinfo response will be used to create or lookup the existing user. Additional claims from the Userinfo response can be used to reconcile the User in FusionAuth by using an OpenID Connect Reconcile Lambda. Unless you assign a reconcile lambda to this provider, on the `email` address will be used from the available claims returned by the OpenID Connect identity provider.

[//]: # (display_name blank on purpose)
<TokenStorageNote idp_display_name=""
                  idp_linking_strategy={idp_display_name}
                  token_name="refresh_token"
                  return_text="external OpenID Connect provider, if such a token is provided,"
                  idp_long_lived_token_type="refresh"
                  idp_refresh_additional_info_url="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-1.5" />

## Create an OpenID Connect Identity Provider

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create an OpenID Connect Identity Provider using a randomly generated Id"/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create an OpenID Connect Identity Provider with the provided unique id"/>

The <InlineField>type</InlineField> property in the request JSON is used to determine that you are managing an OpenID Connect identity provider.

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" optional immutable defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new Identity Provider. If an Id is not provided, a secure random UUID is generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<OpenidConnectRequestBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                          idp_enforce_email_verified_claim={idp_enforce_email_verified_claim}
                          idp_since={idp_since}
                          idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                          optional_tag={optional_tag} />

### Response

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

<OpenidConnectResponseBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                           idp_since={idp_since}
                           idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                           optional_tag={optional_tag} />

## Retrieve an OpenID Connect Identity Provider

### Request
<API method="GET" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve an Identity Provider by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the OpenID Connect Identity Provider to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error />

<OpenidConnectResponseBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                           idp_since={idp_since}
                           idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                           optional_tag={optional_tag} />

## Update an OpenID Connect Identity Provider

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment capitalized_object_name="OpenID Connect Identity Provider" />

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update an Identity Provider"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" immutable required>
    The unique Id of the OpenID Connect Identity Provider to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<OpenidConnectRequestBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                          idp_enforce_email_verified_claim={idp_enforce_email_verified_claim}
                          idp_since={idp_since}
                          idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                          optional_tag={optional_tag} />

### Response

The response for this API contains the OpenID Connect Identity Provider that was updated.

<StandardPutResponseCodes never_search_error />

<OpenidConnectResponseBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                           idp_since={idp_since}
                           idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                           optional_tag={optional_tag} />

## Delete an OpenID Connect Identity Provider

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete an OpenID Connect Identity Provider by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the OpenID Connect Identity Provider to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes never_search_error />

## Complete an OpenID Connect Login

<CompleteLoginText idp_display_name={idp_display_name} token_text_with_article="an authorization code" token_text="authorization code" />

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider/login" authentication={["none"]} title="Complete OpenID Connect Login"/>

#### Request Headers

<APIBlock>
  <XForwardedForHeader />
  <XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperationRowOnly />
</APIBlock>

<IdentityProviderLoginRequestBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                                  idp_since={idp_since}
                                  idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                                  optional_tag={optional_tag} />

### Response

The response for this API contains the User object.

<IdentityProviderLoginResponseBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                                   idp_since={idp_since}
                                   idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                                   optional_tag={optional_tag} />

# SAML v2

import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import IdentityProviderLoginRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_identity-provider-login-request-body.astro';
import IdentityProviderLoginResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_identity-provider-login-response-body.mdx';
import IdentityProviderStartRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_identity-provider-start-request-body.mdx';
import IdentityProviderStartResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_identity-provider-start-response-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import SamlCompleteUserRegistration from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_saml-complete-user-registration.mdx';
import SamlConfigUrls from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_saml-config-urls.mdx';
import Samlv2RequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_samlv2-request-body.mdx';
import Samlv2ResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_samlv2-response-body.mdx';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import XForwardedForHeader from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_x-forwarded-for-header.mdx';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperationRowOnly from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-scoped-operation-row-only.mdx';

export const idp_since = 10600;
export const idp_display_name = 'SAML v2';
export const idp_linking_strategy = 'LinkByEmail';
export const samlv2_idp_initiated = false;

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.6.0`
</Aside>

SAML v2 identity providers connect to external SAML v2 login systems. This type of login will optionally provide a <InlineUIElement>Login with ...</InlineUIElement> button on FusionAuth's login page. This button is customizable by using different properties of the identity provider.

Optionally, this identity provider can define one or more domains it is associated with. This is useful for allowing employees to log in with their corporate credentials. As long as the company has an identity solution that provides SAML v2, you can leverage this feature. This is referred to as a **Domain Based Identity Provider**. If you enable domains for an identity provider, the <InlineUIElement>Login with ...</InlineUIElement> button will not be displayed. Instead, only the `email` form field will be displayed initially on the FusionAuth login page. Once the user types in their email address, FusionAuth will determine if the user is logging in locally or if they should be redirected to this identity provider. This is determined by extracting the domain from their email address and comparing it to the domains associated with the identity provider.

FusionAuth will locate the user's email address in the SAML assertion which will be used to create or lookup the existing user. Additional claims from the SAML response can be used to reconcile the User to FusionAuth by using a SAML v2 Reconcile Lambda. Unless you assign a reconcile lambda to this provider, on the `email` address will be used from the available assertions returned by the SAML v2 identity provider.

### Integration Details

The following values will likely be required by your SAML v2 Identity Provider in order to trust FusionAuth as a relying party.

These values are autogenerated and viewable within the UI after creating the Identity Provider. They can be viewed by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers -> SAMLv2 -> View</Breadcrumb>.

<SamlConfigUrls />

## Create a SAML v2 Identity Provider

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a SAML v2 Identity Provider using a randomly generated Id"/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a SAML v2 Identity Provider with the provided unique id"/>

The <InlineField>type</InlineField> property in the request JSON indicates you are managing a SAML v2 identity provider.

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" optional immutable defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new Identity Provider. If an id is not provided, a secure random UUID is generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<Samlv2RequestBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                   idp_since={idp_since}
                   idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                   samlv2_idp_initiated={samlv2_idp_initiated} />

### Response

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

<Samlv2ResponseBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                    idp_since={idp_since}
                    idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                    samlv2_idp_initiated={samlv2_idp_initiated}/>

## Retrieve a SAML v2 Identity Provider

### Request
<API method="GET" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve an Identity Provider by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the SAML v2 Identity Provider to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error />

<Samlv2ResponseBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                    idp_since={idp_since}
                    idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                    samlv2_idp_initiated={samlv2_idp_initiated}/>

## Update a SAML v2 Identity Provider

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment capitalized_object_name="SAML v2 Identity Provider" />

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update an Identity Provider"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" immutable required>
    The unique Id of the SAML v2 Identity Provider to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<Samlv2RequestBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                   idp_since={idp_since}
                   idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                   samlv2_idp_initiated={samlv2_idp_initiated} />

### Response

The response for this API contains the SAML v2 Identity Provider that was updated.

<StandardPutResponseCodes never_search_error />

<Samlv2ResponseBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                    idp_since={idp_since}
                    idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                    samlv2_idp_initiated={samlv2_idp_initiated}/>

## Delete a SAML v2 Identity Provider

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete a SAML v2 Identity Provider by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the SAML v2 Identity Provider to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes never_search_error />

## Start a SAML v2 Login Request

<Aside type="version">
This API has been available since 1.19.0
</Aside>

This API is used to initiate a SAML v2 login request when integrating without the FusionAuth hosted login pages.

The SAML v2 AuthN request will require a unique request identifier. This API must be used to record this identifier prior to sending the SAML response from the IdP to FusionAuth in order to protect against SAML response replay attacks. You may optionally provide an identifier to this API if you need to generate your own identifier, or use the generated value provided in the API response.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider/start" authentication={["none"]} title="Start a login request"/>

<IdentityProviderStartRequestBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                                  idp_since={idp_since}
                                  idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}/>

### Response

The response for this API contains a code that can be used to complete the login request.

<IdentityProviderStartResponseBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                                   idp_since={idp_since}
                                   idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}/>

## Complete a SAML v2 Login

This API allows you to complete a SAML v2 login after the user has authenticated with a SAML v2 identity provider. If you are using the FusionAuth login UI with the SAML v2 button you will not utilize this API directly.

This API is intended to be used if you want to build your own login page and you have added a SAML v2 login button to this page.

For example, if you built your own login page, you could add a Login with Pied Piper button to utilize a third party SAML v2 identity provider. When the user completes the SAML v2 login step, they will be redirected back to your application. This is done via a form submit (using the HTTP `POST` method). This `POST` will contain a parameter named `SAMLResponse`. Using this API you can pass the `SAMLResponse` returned from the SAML v2 provider to FusionAuth and we will complete the login workflow and reconcile the user to FusionAuth.

<SamlCompleteUserRegistration />

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider/login" authentication={["none"]} title="Complete SAML v2 Login"/>

#### Request Headers

<APIBlock>
  <XForwardedForHeader />
  <XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperationRowOnly />
</APIBlock>

<IdentityProviderLoginRequestBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                                  idp_since={idp_since}
                                  idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}/>

### Response

The response for this API contains the User object.

<IdentityProviderLoginResponseBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                                   idp_since={idp_since}
                                   idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}/>

# SAML v2 IdP Initiated

import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Samlv2RequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_samlv2-request-body.mdx';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import Samlv2ResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_samlv2-response-body.mdx';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';
import SamlCompleteUserRegistration from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_saml-complete-user-registration.mdx';
import XForwardedForHeader from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_x-forwarded-for-header.mdx';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperationRowOnly from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-scoped-operation-row-only.mdx';
import IdentityProviderLoginRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_identity-provider-login-request-body.astro';
import IdentityProviderLoginResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_identity-provider-login-response-body.mdx';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

export const idp_since = 12600;
export const idp_display_name = 'SAML v2 IdP Initiated';
export const idp_linking_strategy = 'LinkByEmail';
export const samlv2_idp_initiated = true;

<PremiumPlanBlurb idp_since="12600" idp_display_name="SAML v2 IdP Initiated" />

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.26.0`
</Aside>

The SAML v2 IdP Initiated IdP initiated Identity Provider allows an external IdP to send an unsolicited `AuthN` request when FusionAuth is acting as the Service Provider (or SP).

### Integration Details

The following values will likely be required by your SAML v2 IdP Initiated Identity Provider in order to trust FusionAuth as a relying party.

These values are autogenerated and viewable within the UI after creating the Identity Provider. They can be viewed by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers -> SAMLv2 IdP Initiated -> View</Breadcrumb>.

`<base_url>` is the URL for your FusionAuth instance, something like `https://login.piedpiper.com`.

`<identityProviderId>` is the Id of the Identity Provider, and will be a valid UUID.

`<applicationId>` is the Id of the application that is the target of the login, and will be a valid UUID.

**Callback URL (ACS):**
`<base_url>/samlv2/acs/<identityProviderId>/<applicaitonId>`

**Issuer:**
`<base_url>/samlv2/sp/<identityProviderId>`

**Metadata URL:**
`<base_url>/samlv2/sp/metadata/<identityProviderId>`

Note: To receive a refresh token when completing the OAuth2 workflow when using an IdP initiated login, ensure you request the `offline_access` scope. To request a scope, add the following query parameter to your configured ACS in your IdP, `?scope=offline_access`. When logging into the FusionAuth admin UI, this step is optional as the `offline_access` scope will be implicitly added.

## Create a SAML v2 IdP Initiated Identity Provider

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a SAML v2 IdP Initiated Identity Provider using a randomly generated Id"/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a SAML v2 IdP Initiated Identity Provider with the provided unique id"/>

The <InlineField>type</InlineField> property in the request JSON indicates you are managing a SAML v2 IdP Initiated identity provider.

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" optional immutable defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new Identity Provider. If an id is not provided, a secure random UUID is generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<Samlv2RequestBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                   idp_since={idp_since}
                   idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                   samlv2_idp_initiated={samlv2_idp_initiated} />

### Response

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

<Samlv2ResponseBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                    idp_since={idp_since}
                    idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                    samlv2_idp_initiated={samlv2_idp_initiated} />

## Retrieve a SAML v2 IdP Initiated Identity Provider

### Request
<API method="GET" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve an Identity Provider by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the SAML v2 IdP Initiated Identity Provider to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error />

<Samlv2ResponseBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                    idp_since={idp_since}
                    idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                    samlv2_idp_initiated={samlv2_idp_initiated}/>

## Update a SAML v2 IdP Initiated Identity Provider

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment capitalized_object_name="SAML v2 IdP Initiated Identity Provider" />

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update an Identity Provider"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" immutable required>
    The unique Id of the SAML v2 IdP Initiated Identity Provider to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<Samlv2RequestBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                   idp_since={idp_since}
                   idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                   samlv2_idp_initiated={samlv2_idp_initiated}/>

### Response

The response for this API contains the SAML v2 IdP Initiated Identity Provider that was updated.

<StandardPutResponseCodes never_search_error />

<Samlv2ResponseBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                    idp_since={idp_since}
                    idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                    samlv2_idp_initiated={samlv2_idp_initiated}/>

## Delete a SAML v2 IdP Initiated Identity Provider

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete a SAML v2 IdP Initiated Identity Provider by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the SAML v2 IdP Initiated Identity Provider to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes never_search_error />

## Complete a SAML v2 IdP Initiated Login

This API allows you to complete a SAML v2 login after the user has authenticated with a SAML v2 identity provider.

This API is intended to be used if you want to build your own page to handle the SAML response. Using this API you can pass the `SAMLResponse` returned from the SAML v2 provider to FusionAuth and we will complete the login workflow and reconcile the user to FusionAuth.

<SamlCompleteUserRegistration />

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider/login" authentication={["none"]} title="Complete SAML v2 IdP Initiated Login"/>

#### Request Headers

<APIBlock>
  <XForwardedForHeader />
  <XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperationRowOnly />
</APIBlock>

<IdentityProviderLoginRequestBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                                  idp_since={idp_since}
                                  idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}/>

### Response

The response for this API contains the User object.

<IdentityProviderLoginResponseBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                                   idp_since={idp_since}
                                   idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}/>

# Sony PlayStation Network

import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import OauthIdpOperations from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_oauth-idp-operations.mdx';
import TokenStorageNote from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_token-storage-note.mdx';

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.28.0`
</Aside>

The Sony PlayStation Network identity provider type will use the Sony OAuth v2.0 login API. It will also provide a <InlineUIElement>Login with Sony PlayStation Network</InlineUIElement> button on FusionAuth’s login page that will direct a user to the Sony login page.

This identity provider will call Sony’s API to load the user's `email` and `online_id` and use those as `email` and `username` to lookup or create a user in FusionAuth depending on the linking strategy configured for this identity provider. Additional claims returned by Sony PlayStation Network can be used to reconcile the user to FusionAuth by using a Sony PlayStation Network Reconcile Lambda.

<TokenStorageNote idp_long_lived_token_type="access_token"
                  manual_idp_display_name={frontmatter.idpDisplayName}
                  token_name="access_token"
                  return_text="Sony PlayStation Network API"
                  hide_token_map_deprecation="true" />

<OauthIdpOperations idp_long_lived_token_type="access_token"
                    manual_idp_display_name={frontmatter.idpDisplayName}
                    idp_id="7764b5c7-165b-4e7e-94aa-02ebe2a0a5fb"
                    idp_linking_strategy="CreatePendingLink"
                    idp_lowercase="sonypsn"
                    idp_since="12800"
                    idp_token_or_code="token or code"
                    idp_type="SonyPSN" />

# Steam

import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import OauthIdpOperations from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_oauth-idp-operations.mdx';
import TokenStorageNote from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_token-storage-note.mdx';

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.28.0`
</Aside>

The Steam identity provider type will use the Steam OAuth login API. It will also provide a <InlineUIElement>Login with Steam</InlineUIElement> button on FusionAuth’s login page that will direct a user to the Steam login page. The Steam login uses the implicit OAuth grant and will return to the callback URL with `token` and `state` in the URL Fragment. This is handled by the FusionAuth `/oauth2/implicit` JavaScript function to pass those values to the `/oauth2/callback` endpoint.

This identity provider will call Steam's API to load the Steam user's `personaname` and use that as `username` to lookup or create a user in FusionAuth depending on the linking strategy configured for this identity provider.  However, Steam does not allow access to user emails, so neither email linking strategy can be used and user’s will not be able to login or be created.

<TokenStorageNote idp_long_lived_token_type="token"
                  manual_idp_display_name={frontmatter.idpDisplayName}
                  token_name="token"
                  return_text="Steam login"
                  hide_token_map_deprecation="true" />

<OauthIdpOperations idp_long_lived_token_type="token"
                    manual_idp_display_name={frontmatter.idpDisplayName}
                    idp_id="e4f39345-7833-4b1d-b331-ca03bdc2c4be"
                    idp_linking_strategy="CreatePendingLink"
                    idp_lowercase="steam"
                    idp_since="12800"
                    idp_token_or_code="token"
                    idp_type="Steam" />

# Twitch

import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import OauthIdpOperations from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_oauth-idp-operations.mdx';
import TokenStorageNote from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_token-storage-note.mdx';

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.28.0`
</Aside>

The Twitch identity provider type will use the Twitch OAuth v2.0 login API. It will also provide a <InlineUIElement>Login with Twitch</InlineUIElement> button on FusionAuth’s login page that will direct a user to the Twitch login page.

This identity provider will call Twitch’s API to load the user's `email` and `preferred_username` and use those as `email` and `username` to lookup or create a user in FusionAuth depending on the linking strategy configured for this identity provider. Additional claims returned by Twitch can be used to reconcile the user to FusionAuth by using a Twitch Reconcile Lambda.

FusionAuth will also store the Twitch `refresh_token` returned from the Twitch API in the link between the user and the identity provider. This token can be used by an application to make further requests to Twitch APIs on behalf of the user.

<TokenStorageNote idp_long_lived_token_type="refresh"
                  idp_refresh_additional_info_url="https://dev.twitch.tv/docs/authentication/refresh-tokens/"
                  manual_idp_display_name={frontmatter.idpDisplayName}
                  token_name="refresh_token"
                  return_text="Twitch API"
                  hide_token_map_deprecation="true" />

<OauthIdpOperations idp_long_lived_token_type="refresh" idp_refresh_additional_info_url="https://dev.twitch.tv/docs/authentication/refresh-tokens/" manual_idp_display_name={frontmatter.idpDisplayName} idp_id="bf4cf83f-e824-42d7-b4a3-5b10847a66b2" idp_linking_strategy="CreatePendingLink" idp_lowercase="twitch" idp_since="12800" idp_token_or_code="token or code" idp_type="Twitch" />

# Twitter/X

import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import CompleteLoginText from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_complete-login-text.mdx';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import IdentityProviderLoginRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_identity-provider-login-request-body.astro';
import IdentityProviderLoginResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_identity-provider-login-response-body.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import TokenStorageNote from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_token-storage-note.mdx';
import DeprecatedSince from 'src/components/api/DeprecatedSince.astro';
import TwitterRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_twitter-request-body.mdx';
import TwitterResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_twitter-response-body.mdx';
import XForwardedForHeader from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_x-forwarded-for-header.mdx';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperationRowOnly from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-scoped-operation-row-only.mdx';

export const idp_display_name = 'Twitter';
export const idp_linking_strategy = 'LinkByEmail';
export const idp_since = 10100;

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.1.0`
</Aside>

The Twitter/X identity provider type will use the Twitter OAuth v1.0 login API. it will provide a <InlineUIElement>Login with Twitter</InlineUIElement> button on FusionAuth's login page that will leverage the Twitter login page directly. Additionally, this identity provider will call Twitter's `/1.1/account/verify_credentials.json` API to load additional details about the user and store them in FusionAuth.

The email address returned by Twitter will be used to create or lookup the existing user. Additional claims returned by Twitter can be used to reconcile the User to FusionAuth by using a Twitter Reconcile Lambda. Unless you assign a reconcile lambda to this provider, on the `email` address will be used from the available claims returned by Twitter.

Twitter does not require a user to have an email address. However, to prevent account hijacking and take-over, FusionAuth prevents users from logging in with Twitter unless they have setup an email address in their Twitter account. Keep this in mind as you enable this identity provider.

<TokenStorageNote idp_long_lived_token_type="access_token"
                  idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                  idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                  token_name="access token"
                  return_text="OAuth v1.0 login workflow" />


### Operations

### Login Operations

## Create a Twitter Identity Provider

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Twitter Identity Provider using a randomly generated Id"/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Twitter Identity Provider (client provided Id)"/>

The <InlineField>type</InlineField> property in the request JSON indicates this is a Twitter Identity Provider.

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" optional immutable defaults="secure random UUID" since="1.61.0">
    The Id to use for the new Identity Provider. If an Id is not provided, a secure random UUID is generated. If neither an Id nor <InlineField>identityProvider.name</InlineField> are provided, the legacy fixed Twitter IdP Id `45bb233c-0901-4236-b5ca-ac46e2e0a5a5` will be used.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<TwitterRequestBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                    idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                    idp_since={idp_since}/>

### Response

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

<TwitterResponseBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                     idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                     idp_since={idp_since}/>

## Retrieve a Twitter Identity Provider


### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a Twitter Identity Provider by Id"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/identity-provider?type=Twitter" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve Twitter Identity Providers by type"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Twitter Identity Provider to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error />

<TwitterResponseBody />

## Update a Twitter Identity Provider

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment
                                  capitalized_object_name="Twitter Identity Provider" />

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update a Twitter Identity Provider by Id"/>

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/identity-provider?type=Twitter" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update a Twitter Identity Provider by type (deprecated)"/>

<DeprecatedSince since="1.61.0">Prefer updating by Id. Updating by type attempts to update the Identity Provider with the legacy fixed Id `45bb233c-0901-4236-b5ca-ac46e2e0a5a5`.</DeprecatedSince>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="identityProviderId" immutable type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Twitter Identity Provider to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<TwitterRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains a Twitter Identity Provider.

<StandardPutResponseCodes never_search_error />

<TwitterResponseBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                     idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                     idp_since={idp_since}/>

## Delete a Twitter Identity Provider

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/identity-provider/{identityProviderId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete a Twitter Identity Provider by Id"/>

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/identity-provider?type=Twitter" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete a Twitter Identity Provider by type (deprecated)"/>

<DeprecatedSince since="1.61.0">Prefer deleting by Id. Deleting by type attempts to delete the Identity Provider with the legacy fixed Id `45bb233c-0901-4236-b5ca-ac46e2e0a5a5`.</DeprecatedSince>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes never_search_error />

## Complete the Twitter Login

<CompleteLoginText idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                   idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                   idp_since={idp_since}
                   token_text_with_article="tokens"
                   token_text="set of tokens" />

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity-provider/login" authentication={["none"]} title="Complete Twitter Login"/>

#### Request Headers

<APIBlock>
  <XForwardedForHeader />
  <XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperationRowOnly />
</APIBlock>

<IdentityProviderLoginRequestBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                                  idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                                  idp_since={idp_since}/>

### Response

The response for this API contains the User object.

<IdentityProviderLoginResponseBody idp_display_name={idp_display_name}
                                   idp_linking_strategy={idp_linking_strategy}
                                   idp_since={idp_since}/>

# Xbox

import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import OauthIdpOperations from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_oauth-idp-operations.mdx';
import TokenStorageNote from 'src/content/docs/apis/identity-providers/_token-storage-note.mdx';

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.28.0`
</Aside>

The Xbox identity provider type will use the Xbox OAuth v2.0 login API. It will also provide a <InlineUIElement>Login with Xbox</InlineUIElement> button on FusionAuth’s login page that will direct a user to the Xbox login page.

This identity provider will call Xbox’s API to load the user's `email` and `gtg` (Gamer Tag) and use those as `email` and `username` to lookup or create a user in FusionAuth depending on the linking strategy configured for this identity provider. Additional claims returned by Xbox can be used to reconcile the user to FusionAuth by using an Xbox Reconcile Lambda.

<TokenStorageNote idp_long_lived_token_type="refresh"
                  idp_refresh_additional_info_url="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/gaming/gdk/_content/gc/live/features/s2s-auth-calls/service-authentication/live-service-authentication-nav"
                  manual_idp_display_name={frontmatter.idpDisplayName}
                  token_name="refresh_token"
                  return_text="Xbox API"
                  hide_token_map_deprecation={true} />

<OauthIdpOperations idp_long_lived_token_type="refresh"
                    idp_refresh_additional_info_url="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/gaming/gdk/_content/gc/live/features/s2s-auth-calls/service-authentication/live-service-authentication-nav"
                    manual_idp_display_name={frontmatter.idpDisplayName}
                    idp_id="af53ab21-34c3-468a-8ba2-ecb3905f67f2"
                    idp_linking_strategy="CreatePendingLink"
                    idp_lowercase="xbox"
                    idp_since="12800"
                    idp_token_or_code="token or code"
                    idp_type="Xbox" />

# Identity Verify API

import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-scoped-operation.mdx';

<Aside type="version">
  Available since `1.59.0`
</Aside>

The identity verification APIs allow you to manage a workflow for verifying a user's identity, including both email address and phone number. Unlike the [Verify Email](/docs/apis/users#verify-a-users-email) API, which verifies an existing user's email, Identity Verify can be used to verify an identity (email address and phone number) before creating the user.

An identity verification workflow involves three steps:
1. Starting the verification process, which generates a verification code
2. Delivering the code to a user in a way that is specific to the identity (e.g. sending an email to an email address, or an SMS message to a phone number)
3. Having the user complete the verification workflow by presenting the code

In general, you will not need to call these APIs directly, as most identity verification is handled automatically by FusionAuth. The main verification use cases and the applicability of the API are shown below.

| Use Case                                                      | Start API | Send API  | Complete API    |
|-------------------------------------------------------        |:---------:| :--------:|:---------------:|
| **User creation**                                             | Automatic | Automatic | N/A             |
| **User update**                                               | Automatic | Automatic | N/A             |
| **Hosted Pages - login**                                      | N/A       | N/A       | Automatic       |
| **Hosted Pages - resend verification**                        | Automatic | Automatic | N/A             |
| **Login API**                                                 | N/A       | N/A       | Yes<sup>*</sup> |
| **Login API - resending verification emails or SMS messages** | Yes       | Yes       | N/A             |
| **Verifying identities before user creation**                 | Yes       | Yes       | Yes             |

_<sup>*</sup> You will need to use the Complete API if you want to use `FormField` verification or if you don't want to use FusionAuth's `ClickableLink` page.

<Aside type="note">
  For tutorials on verifying identities before user creation using hosted pages with Advanced Registration Forms, see:

  * [Identity Pre-Verification Using Email](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/identity-pre-verification-using-email)
  * [Identity Pre-Verification Using Phone](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/identity-pre-verification-using-phone)
</Aside>

## Start Identity Verification

This API allows you to generate a verification code for a User's identity. This code can be sent to the User via email or SMS using the [Send Identity Verification API](#send-identity-verification), or can be delivered by some other method of your choosing. The User will then use this code to complete the verification process. This API can also be used to verify an identity before creating a user.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity/verify/start" authentication={["api-key"]}
     title="Start identity verification" />

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="loginId" type="String" required>
    The login identifier of the User identity to begin verification for.

    The possible values are:

    * Email address
    * Phone number

    <Aside type="note">
      For <InlineField>email</InlineField>, the value will be used exactly as provided to resolve a User. If the provided value contains leading or trailing white space, these characters will not be removed, and then would only match if the values stored in FusionAuth also contain these same leading or trailing spaces.

      For <InlineField>phoneNumber</InlineField>, <InlineField>loginId</InlineField> can be any valid phone number (in E.164, national, or international format) and FusionAuth will canonicalize the value. The User will be resolved if the User's E.164 formatted phone number matches the canonical E.164 phone number from <InlineField>loginId</InlineField>. If no country code is provided, a US/NANP country code of 1 is assumed.
    </Aside>
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="loginIdType" type="String" required>
    The identity type that FusionAuth will use when comparing the <InlineField>loginId</InlineField>.

    The possible values are:

    * `email`
    * `phoneNumber`
  </APIField>

  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" optional>
    An application Id. If this is not provided and there are multiple tenants, the <InlineField>X-FusionAuth-TenantId</InlineField> header is required.

    When this value is provided, it will be used to resolve an application-specific email or message template and make `application` available as a template variable.

    If not provided, only the tenant configuration will be used when resolving templates, and `application` will not be available as a template variable.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="existingUserStrategy" type="String" optional since="1.62.0" defaults="mustExist">
      Whether an existing user that matches <InlineField>loginId</InlineField> is required.

      The possible values are:

      * `mustExist` - There must be a user that matches. Use this to verify an existing user's identity.
      * `mustNotExist` - There must NOT be a user that matches. Use this to verify the identity for a user who does not yet exist.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="state" type="Object" optional>
    An optional object that will be returned unmodified when you complete verification. This may be useful to return the User to a particular state once verification is completed.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="verificationStrategy" type="String" optional defaults="tenant value">
    The strategy to use when verifying the User.

    The possible values are:

    * `ClickableLink` - Sends a link the User can click to verify their identity.
    * `FormField` - Sends a short code intended to be manually entered into a form field.

    The default, when `loginIdType` is `email`, is <InlineField>tenant.emailConfiguration.verificationStrategy</InlineField>. When `loginIdType` is `phoneNumber`, the default is <InlineField>tenant.phoneConfiguration.verificationStrategy</InlineField>.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error missing_message="If the request had an existingUserStrategy value of mustExist and the loginId did not match a user in the selected tenant." />

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="verificationId" type="String">
    The verification Id that was generated by this API request. This identifier should be used by the [Complete Identity Verification](#complete-identity-verification) API and may be used by the [Send Identity Verification](#send-identity-verification) API.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="oneTimeCode" type="String" optional>
    The verification One Time Code is used with the gated Email or Phone Verification workflow. The User enters this code to verify their email address or phone number when the `ClickableLink` strategy is not in use.

    <Aside>
      This is only returned if the effective verification strategy is `FormField`, which is determined by the tenant configuration or the <InlineField>verificationStrategy</InlineField> field, if it was used in the request.
    </Aside>
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Response JSON" src="identity/verify/start-response-body.json" />

<JSON title="Example Response JSON with oneTimeCode" src="identity/verify/start-response-otp-body.json" />

## Send Identity Verification

This API allows you to send a verification code, previously generated by the [Start Identity Verification API](#start-identity-verification), to a User via email or SMS. This is typically used to notify the User that they need to verify their identity.

If the `verificationId` was generated for:
* an email identity - the message will be sent via email using the SMTP settings for the user's tenant and the message template defined by <InlineField>tenant.emailConfiguration.verificationEmailTemplateId</InlineField>
* a phone number identity - the message will be sent via SMS using the message template defined by <InlineField>tenant.phoneConfiguration.verificationTemplateId</InlineField> and the messenger defined by <InlineField>tenant.phoneConfiguration.messengerId</InlineField>

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity/verify/send" authentication={["api-key"]}
     title="Send identity verification" />

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="verificationId" type="String" required>
    The verification Id that was generated by the start API.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error
                           success_code="200"
                           success_message="The request was successful. The response will be empty." />

## Complete Identity Verification

This API allows you to complete the identity verification process by providing the verification code sent to the User. If the code is valid, the User's identity will be verified and <InlineField>user.identities\[x].verifiedReason</InlineField> will be set to `Completed`.

<Aside type="note">
    If the [Start Identity Verification API](#start-identity-verification) was called with a <InlineField>existingUserStrategy</InlineField> value of `mustNotExist`, then this API will mark the <InlineField>verificationId</InlineField> as verification complete. The verification Id can then be used to create a user with the already verified identity using the [User API](/docs/apis/users#create-a-user) or [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations#create-a-user-and-registration-combined).
</Aside>

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/identity/verify/complete" authentication={["api-key"]}
     title="Complete identity verification" />

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="verificationId" type="String" required>
    The verification Id generated by the [Start Identity Verification API](#start-identity-verification), used to verify the User's identity is valid by ensuring they have access to the provided email address or phone number.

    When using the `FormField` strategy for verification, this value is used along with the `oneTimeCode` as a pair to perform verification.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="oneTimeCode" type="String" optional>
    The short code used to verify the User's account is valid by ensuring they have access to the provided email address or phone number. This field is required when the verification strategy is `FormField`.
  </APIField>

</APIBlock>

### Response

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="state" type="Object">
    If <InlineField>state</InlineField> was provided during the [Start Identity Verification API](#start-identity-verification) request, this value will be returned exactly as it was provided.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Response JSON" src="identity/verify/complete-response-body.json" />

<JSON title="Example Response JSON with state" src="identity/verify/complete-response-body-state.json" />

# APIs

import NullWarning from 'src/content/docs/apis/_null_warning.mdx';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import TroubleshootingApiCalls from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_troubleshooting-api-calls.mdx';
import NewApiKey401 from 'src/content/docs/apis/_new-api-key-401.mdx';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

The core of FusionAuth is a set of RESTful APIs that allow you to quickly integrate login, registration and advanced User management features into your application. The FusionAuth web UI is built upon these APIs. Everything in the user interface is available through an API.

On this page you will find links to each of the API groups and a general overview of the API status codes you can expect back from each API. Each API will also document specific status codes and the specific meaning of the status code.

* [API Authentication](/docs/apis/authentication)
* [API Errors](/docs/apis/errors)
* [API Status Codes](#status-codes)
Here's a brief video showing how to use an API:

<YouTube id="Ia3pKcX7WlA" />

## APIs

Unless stated otherwise, all of the FusionAuth APIs will expect to receive a JSON request body. Ensure you have added the `Content-Type` HTTP header to your request.

```plaintext options="wrap" title="Content-Type Header"
Content-Type: application/json
```

The APIs are grouped into the following categories.

* [Actioning Users](/docs/apis/actioning-users) - These APIs allow you to take actions on Users or modify previous actions (CRUD operations).
* [API Keys](/docs/apis/api-keys) - These APIs allow you to take actions on API Keys or modify existing API Keys (CRUD operations).
* [Applications](/docs/apis/applications) - These APIs allow you to create, retrieve, update and delete Applications and Application Roles
* [Audit Logs](/docs/apis/audit-logs) - These APIs allow you to create, retrieve, search and export the Audit Log.
* [Connectors](/docs/apis/connectors/) - These APIs allow you to manage Connectors (CRUD operations).
* [Consents](/docs/apis/consents) - These APIs allow you to manage Consent (CRUD operations).
* [Emails](/docs/apis/emails) - These APIs allow you to both manage Email Templates (CRUD operations) as well as send emails to Users.
* [Entities](/docs/apis/entities/entities) - These APIs allow you to manage Entities (CRUD operations) as well as search and grant permissions to them.
* [Entity Types](/docs/apis/entities/entity-types) - These APIs allow you to manage Entity Types.
* [Event Logs](/docs/apis/event-logs) - These APIs allow you to retrieve and search event logs.
* [Families](/docs/apis/families) - These APIs allow you to manage Families (CRUD operations).
* [Forms](/docs/apis/custom-forms/forms) - These APIs allow you to manage Forms (CRUD operations).
* [Form Fields](/docs/apis/custom-forms/form-fields) - These APIs allow you to manage Form Fields (CRUD operations).
* [Groups](/docs/apis/groups) - These APIs allow you to manage Groups (CRUD operations) as well Group membership.
* [Hosted Backend](/docs/apis/hosted-backend) - These APIs allow you initiate OAuth2 code flow logins with FusionAuth-hosted backend endpoints.
* [Identity Providers](/docs/apis/identity-providers/) - These APIs allow you to manage Identity Providers for federating logins.
* [Identity Verify](/docs/apis/identity-verify) - These APIs allow you to manage identity verification, including starting, sending and completing identity verification.
* [Integrations](/docs/apis/integrations) - These APIs allow you to manage FusionAuth integrations such as Kafka, Twilio and CleanSpeak.
* [IP Access Control Lists](/docs/apis/ip-acl) - These APIs allow you to manage IP Access Control Lists.
* [JSON Web Tokens](/docs/apis/jwt) - These APIs allow you to manage Refresh Tokens, verify Access Tokens and retrieve public keys used for verifying JWT signatures.
* [Keys](/docs/apis/keys) - These APIs allow you to manage cryptographic keys (CRUD operations).
* [Lambdas](/docs/apis/lambdas) - These APIs allow you to manage Lambdas (CRUD operations).
* [Login](/docs/apis/login) - These APIs allow you to authenticate Users.
* [Messengers](/docs/apis/messengers/) - These APIs allow you to manage Messengers (CRUD operations).
* [Multi-Factor](/docs/apis/two-factor) - This API allows you to enable and disable Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) on a user.
* [Passwordless](/docs/apis/passwordless) - These APIs allow you to authenticate Users without a password.
* [Registrations](/docs/apis/registrations) - These APIs allow you to manage the relationship between Users and Applications, also known as Registrations (CRUD operations).
* [Reactor](/docs/apis/reactor) - These APIs allow you to manage licensing features.
* [Reports](/docs/apis/reports) - These APIs allow you to retrieve reporting information from FusionAuth.
* [SCIM](/docs/apis/scim/) - These APIs allow you to provision users and groups in FusionAuth using SCIM requests from a SCIM Client.
* [System](/docs/apis/system) - These APIs allow you to retrieve and update the system configuration, export system logs and retrieve system status.
* [Tenants](/docs/apis/tenants) - These APIs allow you to manage Tenants (CRUD operations).
* [Themes](/docs/apis/themes) - These APIs allow you to manage Themes (CRUD operations).
* [Users](/docs/apis/users) - These APIs allow you to create, retrieve, update and delete Users, Search for Users, Bulk Import and Password Management
* [User Actions](/docs/apis/user-actions) - These APIs allow you to manage User Actions which are the definitions of actions that can be taken on Users (CRUD operations).
* [User Action Reasons](/docs/apis/user-action-reasons) - These APIs allow you to manage User Action Reasons which are used when you action Users (CRUD operations).
* [User Comments](/docs/apis/user-comments) - These APIs allow you to retrieve or create comments on Users.
* [WebAuthn](/docs/apis/webauthn) - These APIs allow you to register, use, and manage WebAuthn passkeys.
* [Webhooks](/docs/apis/webhooks) - These APIs allow you to manage Webhooks (CRUD operations).

<NullWarning />

## Status Codes

Each API may document specific status codes and provide a specific reason for returning that status code. This is a general overview of the status codes you may expect from an API and what they will mean to you.

_Response Codes_

| Code | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
|------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 200  | The request was successful. Generally the response body will contain JSON unless documented otherwise.                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
| 400  | The request was invalid and/or malformed. The response will contain an [Errors](/docs/apis/errors) JSON Object with the specific errors.                                                                                                                                                                        |
| 401  | The request authentication failed. This request requires authentication and the API key was either omitted or invalid. In some cases this may also be returned if you are not authorized to make the request. See [Authentication](/docs/apis/authentication) for additional information on API authentication. |
| 404  | The object you requested doesn't exist. The response will be empty.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
| 405  | The HTTP method you requested is not allowed for the URI. This is a user error in making the HTTP request to the API. For example, if `POST` is the only supported way to call a particular API and you make the HTTP request with `GET`, you will receive a `405` status code. No body will be returned.       |
| 500  | There was an internal error. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files. The response will be empty. This is generally a FusionAuth error condition. If possible open a [GitHub Issue](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues) so we can help you resolve the issue.      |
| 501  | The HTTP method you requested is not implemented. This is a user error in making the HTTP request to the API.                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| 503  | The requested action cannot be completed due the current rate of requests. Retry the request later.                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
| 512  | A lambda invocation failed during this API request. An event log will have been created with details of the exception. See <Breadcrumb>System -> Event Log</Breadcrumb>.                                                                                                                                                |

## The PATCH HTTP Method

There are three options for using `PATCH` operations. You choose between them by specifying a particular `Content-Type` on the request.

_PATCH options_

| Name             | Content-Type                   | Array Behavior                                                                                                                     | Available Since | RFC Link                                           | Client Library Support | Notes                                                                     |
|------------------|--------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------|----------------------------------------------------|------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Original         | `application/json`             | Varies, sometimes a merge, other times an append. Read the documentation and test before using. Safest option is `GET` then `PUT`. | 1.12.0          | N/A                                                | Yes                    | May be deprecated in the future.                                          |
| JSON Patch       | `application/json-patch+json`  | Uses operations to specify JSON modifications.                                                                                     | 1.39.0          | [RFC 6902](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6902) | No                     | [Useful patch builder tool](https://json-patch-builder-online.github.io/) |
| JSON Merge Patch | `application/merge-patch+json` | If target value is an array, overwrite the existing value with what is provided.                                                   | 1.39.0          | [RFC 7396](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7396) | No                     | N/A                                                                       |


### PATCH Example

Here's an example of how the different options work when used to modify the roles of a [Group](/docs/apis/groups) which has roles of `ceo` and `dev` to remove the `dev` role.

If you are only modifying specific object fields, all three `PATCH` methods are equivalent.

#### Original

With the original, pre 1.39.0 `PATCH` method, the correct way to remove the `dev` role is to request the group JSON, find the `ceo` role from the `roleIds` array, and use `PUT` to update the group object.

<JSON title="Original Group JSON" src="groups/patch/original.json" />

```json title="PUT Request JSON"
{
  "group": {
    "name": "Paid employees",
    "data": {}
  },
  "roleIds": [
    "0a15cfdd-e231-4de4-9411-6d1015e05d99"
  ]
}
```

After you make this `PUT` request, the group JSON will look like this.

<JSON title="Resulting Group JSON" src="groups/patch/response.json" />

#### JSON Patch

With JSON Patch, you have a flexible set of operations that can update, remove or move fields in a JSON object. Please review [RFC 6902](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6902) for the full list of operations. Here's the original JSON again:

<JSON title="Original Group JSON" src="groups/patch/original.json" />

If you make a `PATCH` request with a `Content-Type` of `application/json-patch+json` and a body like below:

```json title="JSON Patch Request JSON"
[
  {
    "op": "remove",
    "path": "/roleIds/1"
  }
]
```

This call removes the second value of the `roleIds` array, which corresponds to the "devs" role. You'll need to find what array element you want to delete, perhaps with a separate request. After you make this `PATCH` request, the group JSON will look like this.

<JSON title="Resulting Group JSON" src="groups/patch/response.json" />

This approach is precise and can make multiple changes to a given object with one call. It also requires you to learn a new set of operations. Additionally, the data is sent in format (an array of operations) which is only vaguely related to the structure of the object being changed.

#### JSON Merge Patch

JSON Merge Patch is a more straightforward way to update complex JSON objects. Please review [RFC 7386](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7386) for a full description of the patch behavior. Here's the original JSON again:

<JSON title="Original Group JSON" src="groups/patch/original.json" />

If you make a `PATCH` request with a `Content-Type` of `application/merge-patch+json` and a body like below:

```json title="JSON Patch Request JSON"
{
  "roleIds": [
    "0a15cfdd-e231-4de4-9411-6d1015e05d99"
  ]
}
```

After you make this `PATCH` request, the group JSON will look like this.

<JSON title="Resulting Group JSON" src="groups/patch/response.json" />

## Exploring The APIs

You can explore our APIs using a self hosted instance, one you run yourself on a remote server, or using the [Sandbox](https://sandbox.fusionauth.io).

You can use our [API explorer](/docs/apis/api-explorer) or our [Postman collection](https://www.postman.com/fusionauth).

## Backwards Compatibility

FusionAuth strives to maintain backwards compatibility when making changes to APIs and features. Occasionally, FusionAuth will deprecate APIs or features in preparation for removal. Please see our [Deprecation Policy](/docs/operate/roadmap/deprecation-policy) for more.

## Troubleshooting

<TroubleshootingApiCalls />

### 401s With New API Keys

<NewApiKey401 />

# Integration API

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import IntegrationResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_integration-response-body.mdx';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import IntegrationRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_integration-request-body.mdx';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';

This page contains the APIs that are used for retrieving and updating integrations. An integration is a third party API that has been integrated into FusionAuth. These APIs are used to enable and configure these third party integration.

<Aside type="caution">
This API underwent breaking changes in version `1.26.0` Twilio integrations are now managed by the [Messengers API](/docs/apis/messengers/).
</Aside>

## Retrieve Integrations

This API is used to retrieve integrations.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/integration" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve Integrations"/>

### Response

The response for this API contains the Integrations.

<StandardGetResponseCodes no_errors never_missing />

<IntegrationResponseBody />

## Update Integrations

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment extra_id_verbiage="No Id is required to update this object." capitalized_object_name="Integration" />

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/integration" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update Integrations"/>

<IntegrationRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains Integrations.

<StandardPostResponseCodes />

<IntegrationResponseBody />

# IP Access Control List API

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import IpAclRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_ip-acl-request-body.mdx';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import IpAclResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_ip-acl-response-body.mdx';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import IpAclResponseBodySearch from 'src/content/docs/apis/_ip-acl-response-body-search.mdx';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';

<Aside type="version">
Available since `1.30.0`
</Aside>

An IP ACL (Access Control List) is a list of IP ranges that are either Allowed or Blocked. Along with one entry that defines a start IP address of `*` (wild) that defines the default behavior when an IP address does not match any other range in the list. This means an IP ACL will have a default action of either Allow or Block. The IP address start and end entries for ranges currently only support IPv4.

An IP ACL may be assigned to an API Key, a Tenant or an Application.

When an IP ACL is assigned to an API key, the IP ACL will restrict the usage of the API key based upon the request originating IP address. If a request is made using an API key with an assigned IP ACL and the IP address is found to be blocked, a 401 status code will be returned. The user of this API key will not be able to tell the difference between an invalid API key and an API key that is blocked due to the IP ACL.

When an IP ACL is assigned to a Tenant or Application, it is used to restrict access to the FusionAuth SSO. This means it will be used to restrict access to endpoints that begin with `/oauth2/`, `/account/`, `/email/`, `/password/`, `/registration/` and any other user accessible themed pages. It will not be used to restrict access to the FusionAuth admin UI except when accessed through SSO, or the FusionAuth API.

If two IP ACLs are assigned one to a Tenant and the other to an Application, the Application IP ACL will take precedence.

The IP address used to test against the IP ACL is resolved by using the first value in the `X-Forwarded-For` HTTP header. If this header is not found, then the IP address reported by the HTTP Servlet request as the remote address will be used. If you are accessing FusionAuth through a proxy it is important that you trust your edge proxy to set the correct value in the `X-Forwarded-For` HTTP header. Because this header can be set by any HTTP client, it is only secure or trustworthy when managed by a trusted edge proxy. You should not rely upon this feature alone to restrict access to an API key.

The following APIs are provided to manage IP ACLs.

## Create an IP ACL

This API is used to create a new IP ACL.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/ip-acl" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create an IP ACL with a randomly generated Id"/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/ip-acl/{ipAccessControlListId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create an IP ACL with the provided unique Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="ipAccessControlListId" type="UUID" optional defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new IP ACL. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<IpAclRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the IP ACL that was created.

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

<IpAclResponseBody />

## Retrieve an IP ACL

This API is used to retrieve a single IP ACL by unique Id.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/ip-acl/{ipAccessControlListId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve an IP ACL by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="ipAccessControlListId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the IP ACL to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error />

<IpAclResponseBody />

## Search for IP ACLs

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/ip-acl/search?name={name}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Searches the IP ACLs using the given search criteria"/>

When calling the API using a `GET` request you will send the search criteria on the URL using request parameters. In order to simplify the example URL above, only the IP ACL specific parameter is shown, however you may add any of the documented request parameters to the URL.

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="name" type="String" optional>
    The string to match all or part of the IP ACL name. This can contain wildcards using the asterisk character (`*`). If no wildcards are present, this parameter value will be interpreted as `*value*`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="numberOfResults" type="Integer" optional defaults="25">
    The number of results to return from the search.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="orderBy" type="String" optional defaults="name ASC">
    The database column to order the search results on plus the order direction.

    The possible values are:

     * `id` - the id of the IP ACL
     * `insertInstant` - the [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) when the IP ACL was created
     * `lastUpdateInstant` - the last [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the IP ACL was updated
     * `name` - the name of the IP ACL

    For example, to order the results by the insert instant in descending order, the value would be provided as `insertInstant DESC`. The final string is optional, can be set to `ASC` or `DESC`, or omitted and will default to `ASC`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="startRow" type="Integer" optional defaults="0">
    The offset row to return results from. If the search has 200 records in it and this is 50, it starts with row 50.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<br/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/ip-acl/search" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Searches the IP ACLs using the given search criteria"/>

When calling the API using a `POST` request you will send the search criteria in a JSON request body.

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="search.name" type="String" optional>
    The string to match all or part of the IP ACL name. This can contain wildcards using the asterisk character (`*`). If no wildcards are present, this parameter value will be interpreted as `*value*`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.numberOfResults" type="Integer" optional defaults="25">
    The number of results to return from the search.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.orderBy" type="String" optional defaults="insertInstant DESC">
    The database column to order the search results on plus the order direction.

    The possible values are:

     * `id` - the id of the IP ACL
     * `insertInstant` - the [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) when the IP ACL was created
     * `lastUpdateInstant` - the last [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the IP ACL was updated
     * `name` - the name of the IP ACL

    For example, to order the results by the insert instant in descending order, the value would be provided as `insertInstant DESC`. The final string is optional, can be set to `ASC` or `DESC`, or omitted and will default to `ASC`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.startRow" type="Integer" optional defaults="0">
    The offset row to return results from. If the search has 200 records in it and this is 50, it starts with row 50.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API contains the IP ACLs matching the search criteria in paginated format.

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error />

<IpAclResponseBodySearch />

## Update an IP ACL

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment capitalized_object_name="IP ACL" />

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/ip-acl/{ipAccessControlListId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update the IP ACL with the given Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="ipAccessControlListId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the IP ACL to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<IpAclRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the IP ACL that was updated.

<StandardPutResponseCodes never_search_error />

<IpAclResponseBody />

## Delete an IP ACL

This API is used to permanently delete an IP ACL. Deleting an IP ACL will remove it from any tenants and/or applications it was assigned. Delete will fail with a validation error if the IP ACL is still in use.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/ip-acl/{ipAccessControlListId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete an IP ACL by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="ipAccessControlListId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the IP ACL to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes never_search_error />

# JWTs & Refresh Token API

import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-scoped-operation.mdx';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import ExternalJwtProviderWarning from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_external-jwt-provider-warning.mdx';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperationRowOnly from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-scoped-operation-row-only.mdx';
import ReconcileRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_reconcile-request-body.mdx';
import UserResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_user-response-body.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import RefreshTokenResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_refresh-token-response-body.mdx';
import RefreshTokensResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_refresh-tokens-response-body.mdx';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) are portable identity tokens. A JWT is issued after completing a [Login](/docs/apis/login#authenticate-a-user) request and is used to identify a user. JWTs can be used to call various FusionAuth APIs or they can be used to authenticate and authorize your APIs. In this document the term JWT and access token are used interchangeably.

Here's a presentation discussing how to use JWTs in a microservices architecture:

<YouTube id="SLc3cTlypwM" />

## Issue a JWT

This API is used to issue a new access token (JWT) using an existing access token (JWT).

This API provides the single sign-on mechanism for access tokens. For example you have an access token for application A and you need an access
token for application B. You may use this API to request an access token to application B with the authorized token to application A. The returned access token will have the same expiration of the one provided.

This API will use a JWT as authentication. See [JWT Authentication](/docs/apis/authentication#jwt-authentication) for examples of how you can send the JWT to FusionAuth.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/jwt/issue?applicationId={applicationId}&refreshToken={refreshToken}" authentication={["jwt"]} title="Issue a JWT"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the application for which authorization is being requested.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="refreshToken" type="String" optional>
    An existing refresh token used to request a refresh token in addition to a JWT in the response. If the cookie `refresh_token` is also on the request it will take precedence over this value.

    The target application represented by the <InlineField>applicationId</InlineField> request parameter must have refresh tokens enabled in order to receive a refresh token in the response.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Cookies

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="refresh_token" type="String" optional>
    The refresh token to be used to exchange for a refresh token in the application represented by the <InlineField>applicationId</InlineField> request parameter.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

```shell title="Example HTTP Request using cookie"
GET /api/jwt/issue HTTP/1.1
Cookie: refresh_token=xRxGGEpVawiUak6He367W3oeOfh+3irw+1G1h1jc
```

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes authorization_message="You did not supply a valid Authorization header, the header was omitted or your access token is expired. The response will be empty. See [Authentication](/docs/apis/authentication)." not_registered never_missing no_errors />

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="token" type="String">
    The encoded access token.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="refreshToken" type="String">
    The refresh token. This value will only be returned if a valid non-expired refresh token was provided on the request and <InlineField>application.loginConfiguration.generateRefreshTokens</InlineField> is `true`. The returned refresh token will share the same creation time as the original refresh token in regards to how the token expiration is calculated.

    The refresh token expiration policy as defined by <InlineField>jwtConfiguration.refreshTokenExpirationPolicy</InlineField> must be the same as the source application, if the policies are different a refresh token will not be returned.

    <JSON title="Example Response JSON" src="jwt/issue-get-response.json" />
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

## Reconcile a JWT Using the External JWT Provider

The Reconcile API is used to take a JWT issued by a third party identity provider as described by an [External JWT Identity Provider](/docs/apis/identity-providers/external-jwt)
configuration and reconcile the User represented by the JWT to FusionAuth.

<ExternalJwtProviderWarning />

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/jwt/reconcile" authentication={["none"]} title="Reconcile a JWT"/>

#### Request Headers

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="X-Forwarded-For" type="String" optional>
    The IP address of a client requesting authentication. If the IP address is provided it will be stored for login history of the user. It is
    generally preferred to specify the IP address in the request body. If it is not provided in the request body this header value will be used
    if available, the request body value will take precedence.
    <XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperationRowOnly />
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<ReconcileRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the User object.

_Response Codes_

| Code | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
|------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 200  | The reconcile was successful. The response will contain the User object that was authenticated.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| 400  | The request was invalid and/or malformed. The response will contain an [Errors](/docs/apis/errors) JSON Object with the specific errors.                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
| 401  | The request cannot be completed. The `identityProviderId` is invalid, the JWT signature cannot be validated, the JWT does not contain a claim identified by the `uniqueIdentityClaim` property in the Identity Provider configuration, or the domain of the email address claim in the JWT is not managed by the Identity Provider Configuration. |
| 404  | The user was not found or the password was incorrect. The response will be empty.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
| 500  | There was an internal error. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files. The response will be empty.                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
| 503  | The search index is not available or encountered an exception so the request cannot be completed. The response will contain a JSON body.                                                                                                                                                                                                          |

<UserResponseBody login_response />

#### Response Cookies

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="access_token" type="String">
    The encoded access token. This cookie is written in the response as an `HttpOnly` session cookie.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="refresh_token" type="String">
    The refresh token. This cookie is written in the response as an `HttpOnly` persistent cookie. The cookie expiration is configured in the JWT
    configuration for the application or the global JWT configuration.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

## Retrieve Public Keys

This API is used to retrieve Public Keys generated by FusionAuth. These can be used to cryptographically verify JWTs signed with the corresponding private key.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/jwt/public-key" authentication={["none"]} title="Retrieve all Public Keys"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<API method="GET" uri="/api/jwt/public-key?applicationId={applicationId}" authentication={["none"]} title="Retrieve a single Public Key for a specific Application by Application Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" optional>
    The Application Id is used to retrieve a specific Public Key. This will return the Public Key that has been specifically configured for the provided Application to sign the access token.

    A public key may not be available for an Application if it is configured to use the global JWT configuration or a HMAC is the configured algorithm for JWT signing.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />


<Aside type="version">
This API has been available since 1.8.0
</Aside>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/jwt/public-key?kid={kid}" authentication={["none"]} title="Retrieve a single Public Key by Key Identifier"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="kid" optional>
    The Key Id used to retrieve a specific Public Key. This will return the Public Key associated with the Key Id.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes no_errors />

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="publicKeys" type="Map<String, String>">
    The public keys keyed by the <InlineField>kid</InlineField>.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Response JSON for all Public Keys" src="jwt/public-keys-response.json" />

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="publicKey" type="String">
    The public key configured for the specified Application.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Response JSON for a single Public Key" src="jwt/public-key-response.json" />

## Refresh a JWT

This can be used to extend a centrally managed session when a refresh token represents a user session. [Learn more about using refresh tokens to model sessions](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/logout-session-management).

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/jwt/refresh" authentication={["none"]} title="Request a new Access Token by presenting a valid Refresh Token."/>

The refresh token may be provided either in the HTTP request body or as a cookie. If both are provided, the cookie will take precedence.

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Cookies

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="refresh_token" type="String" optional>
    The refresh token to be used to obtain a new access token.

    This value is required but optional as a cookie. It must be provided in either the request body or as a cookie.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="access_token" type="String" optional>
    The previously issued encoded access token.  When provided on the request, this value will be relayed in the related JWT Refresh webhook event within the `original` field.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="refreshToken" type="String" optional>
    The refresh token to be used to obtain a new access token.

    This value is required but optional in the request body. It must be provided in either the request body or as a cookie.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="token" type="String" optional>
    The previously issued encoded access token.  When provided on the request, this value will be relayed in the related JWT Refresh webhook event within the `original` field.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="timeToLiveInSeconds" type="Integer" optional since="1.59.0">
    The time to live for the new access token.

    When provided on the request, this value will override the default TTL, provided it is less than the default value. The default TTL is taken from <InlineField>application.jwtConfiguration.timeToLiveInSeconds</InlineField> if it is set there, otherwise it is taken from  <InlineField>tenant.jwtConfiguration.timeToLiveInSeconds</InlineField>.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Request JSON" src="jwt/refresh-post-request.json" />

```shell title="Example POST HTTP Request containing Cookie Header"
POST /api/jwt/refresh HTTP/1.1
Cookie: refresh_token=xRxGGEpVawiUak6He367W3oeOfh+3irw+1G1h1jc; access_token=eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCIsImtpZCI6IkFuYV91STRWbWxiMU5YVXZ0cV83SjZKZFNtTSJ9.eyJleHAiOjE1ODgzNTM0NjAsImlhdCI6MTU4ODM1MzQwMCwiaXNzIjoiZnVzaW9uYXV0aC5pbyIsInN1YiI6IjAwMDAwMDAwLTAwMDAtMDAwMS0wMDAwLTAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMCIsImF1dGhlbnRpY2F0aW9uVHlwZSI6IlBBU1NXT1JEIiwiZW1haWwiOiJ0ZXN0MEBmdXNpb25hdXRoLmlvIiwiZW1haWxfdmVyaWZpZWQiOnRydWUsInByZWZlcnJlZF91c2VybmFtZSI6InVzZXJuYW1lMCJ9.ZoIHTo3Pv0DpcELeX_wu-ZB_rd988jefZc2Ozu9_p59kttwqMm5PV8IDbgxJw9xcq9TFoNG8e_B6renoc11JC54UbiyeXBjF7EH01n9LDz-zTGqu9U72470Z4E7IPAHcyvJIBx4Mp9sgsEYAUm9Tb8ChudqNHhn6ZnXYI7Sew7CtGlu62f10wdBYGX0soYARHBv9CwhJC3-gsD2HLmqHAP_XhrpaYPNr5EAvmCHlM-JlTiEQ9bXwSc4gv-XbPQWamwy8Kcdb-g0EEAml_dC_b2CduwwYg0EoPQB3tQxzTUQzADi7K6q0CtQXv2_1VrRi6aQ4lt7v7t-Na39wGry_pA
```

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes no_authorization errors_message="Either the timeToLiveInSeconds request field is greater than the allowed TTL, or the provided Refresh Token is either expired, was not found, or has been revoked." />

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="refreshToken" type="String">
    The refresh token.

    When <InlineField>jwtConfiguration.refreshTokenUsagePolicy</InlineField> is equal to `Reusable` this will be equal to the refresh token provided in the request. When <InlineField>jwtConfiguration.refreshTokenUsagePolicy</InlineField> is equal to `OneTimeUse` a new value will be returned and the previous refresh token value will no longer be valid.

    The <InlineField>jwtConfiguration.refreshTokenUsagePolicy</InlineField> is configured at the tenant, and optionally per application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="refreshTokenId" type="String" since="1.37.0">
    This unique Id is the persistent identifier for this refresh token, and will not change even when using one-time use refresh tokens. This value may optionally be used to revoke the token using the [Refresh Token API](/docs/apis/jwt#revoke-refresh-tokens).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="token" type="String">
    The encoded access token.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Response JSON" src="jwt/refresh-post-response.json" />

#### Response Cookies

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="access_token" type="String">
    The encoded access token. This cookie is written in the response as an `HttpOnly` session cookie.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="refresh_token" type="String">
    The encoded refresh token.

    This cookie is written in the response as an `HttpOnly` cookie. When <InlineField>jwtConfiguration.refreshTokenUsagePolicy</InlineField> is equal to `Reusable` this will be equal to the refresh token provided in the request. When <InlineField>jwtConfiguration.refreshTokenUsagePolicy</InlineField> is equal to `OneTimeUse` a new value will be returned and the previous refresh token value will no longer be valid.

    The <InlineField>jwtConfiguration.refreshTokenUsagePolicy</InlineField> is configured at the tenant, and optionally per application.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

## Retrieve Refresh Tokens

This can be used to examine a centrally managed session when the refresh token represents a user session. [Learn more about using refresh tokens to model sessions](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/logout-session-management).

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/jwt/refresh/{tokenId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a Single Refresh Token"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="tokenId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the token.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes no_errors missing_message="The refresh token specified by the tokenId is missing or revoked." />

<RefreshTokenResponseBody />

<API method="GET" uri="/api/jwt/refresh?userId={userId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve Refresh Tokens issued to a User"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the user for whom to retrieve issued Refresh Tokens.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes no_errors never_missing />

<RefreshTokensResponseBody />

## Revoke Refresh Tokens

This can be used to revoke a centrally managed session, when the refresh token is being used to model a session. [Learn more about using refresh tokens to model sessions](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/logout-session-management).

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/jwt/refresh?applicationId={applicationId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Revoke all Refresh Tokens for an entire Application"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the application to revoke all issued Refresh Tokens. This will result in any user issued a Refresh Token for this application being required to be issued a new Refresh Token, in other words they'll need to be authenticated again.

    This essentially provides a kill switch for all Refresh Tokens scoped to the application.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/jwt/refresh?userId={userId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Revoke all Refresh Tokens issued to a User"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the user to revoke issued Refresh Tokens.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/jwt/refresh?applicationId={applicationId}&userId={userId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Revoke all Refresh Tokens issued to a User for an Application"/>

<Aside type="version">
Available Since Version 1.19.0
</Aside>


#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the user.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/jwt/refresh/{tokenId}" authentication={["jwt"]} title="Revoke a single Refresh Token by Id"/>

This API may be authenticated using a JWT or an API key. If using JWT authentication, the JWT owner and token owner must match. See [Authentication](/docs/apis/authentication) for examples of authenticating using a JWT.

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="tokenId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the refresh token to be revoked.

    When deleting a single token, using this parameter is recommended. Using this parameter does not expose the refresh token.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/jwt/refresh?token={token}" authentication={["jwt"]} title="Revoke a single Refresh Token by value"/>

This API may be authenticated using a JWT or an API key. If using JWT authentication, the JWT owner and token owner must match. See [Authentication](/docs/apis/authentication) for examples of authenticating using a JWT.

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="token" type="String" required>
    The refresh token in string form that is to be revoked. This string may contain characters such as a plus sign that need to be encoded to be valid on the URL. If you're manually building this request ensure you are properly URL encoding this value.

    You can also pass the refresh token in the HTTP body by specifying a Content-Type header of `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` and providing the proper URL encoded value for the parameter. This will prevent the refresh token from being written to HTTP access logs.

    If possible, it is recommended use the <InlineField>tokenId</InlineField> parameter rather than this one.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes no_errors />

## Validate a JWT

This API is used to validate a JSON Web Token. A valid JWT indicates the signature is valid and the payload has not be tampered with and the token is not expired.

You can also validate a JWT without using this API call. To do so, validate the JWT attributes and signature locally. Many programming languages have libraries to do this. Here's an [example in Java](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-jwt#verify-and-decode-a-jwt-using-hmac).

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/jwt/validate" authentication={["none"]} title="Validate Access Token."/>

The access token can be provided to the API using an HTTP request header, or a cookie. The response body will contain the decoded JWT payload.

#### Request Headers

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Authorization" type="String" optional>
    The encoded JWT to validate sent in on the Authorization request header.

    The header is expected be in the following form: `Authorization: Bearer [encoded_access_token]`.

    See [Authentication](/docs/apis/authentication) for additional examples.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Request Cookies

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="access_token" type="String" optional>
    The encoded JWT. This cookie is written to the client by the Login API.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

_Response Codes_

| Code | Description                                                                                                                                                    |
|------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 200  | The request was successful. The response will contain a JSON body.                                                                                             |
| 401  | The access token is not valid. A new access token may be obtained by authentication against the Login API, the Token Endpoint or by utilizing a Refresh Token. |
| 500  | There was an internal error. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files. The response will be empty.                                     |

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="jwt" type="Object">
    The decoded JWT payload. The payload contains the identity claims for the user.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Response JSON" src="jwt/validate-response.json" />

## Vend a JWT

This API is used to create a free-form access token (JWT) with claims defined by the caller. The only "reserved" claims that cannot be specified are `amr`, `cnf, `exp` and `iat`. The `iat` claim is the issued at time of the JWT and the `exp` is the expiration time of the JWT as computed by adding to the `iat` value either the user passed <InlineField>timeToLiveInSeconds</InlineField> or the tenant JWT <InlineField>timeToLiveInSeconds</InlineField>. If a reserved claim is passed into the <InlineField>claims</InlineField> object, it will be ignored.

<Aside type="note">
This API has been available since 1.30.0
</Aside>

Here's a video showing how to use this feature.

<YouTube id="Kd6l5NPd_L0" />

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/jwt/vend" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Vend a JWT"/>


<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="claims" type="Object" optional>
    A set of claims to add to this JWT.  If any of the "reserved" claims, `amr`, `cnf`, `exp` or `iat`, are specified they will be ignored. Otherwise, the claims can be any valid JSON value.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="keyId" type="UUID" optional>
    The Id of the signing key to use when signing this JWT. If this is not supplied, the tenant's JWT access token signing key will be used.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="timeToLiveInSeconds" type="Integer" optional>
    The length of time in seconds before the JWT expires and is no longer valid. Any integer value greater than `0` is allowed. If omitted, the tenant's <InlineField>timeToLiveInSeconds</InlineField> value will be used instead.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Request JSON" src="jwt/vend-post-request.json" />

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_missing />

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="token" type="String">
    The encoded access token.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Response JSON" src="jwt/vend-post-response.json" />

# Key API

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import KeyResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_key-response-body.mdx';
import KeyResponsesBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_key-responses-body.mdx';
import UpdateKeyNote from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_update-key-note.mdx';
import KeyPutRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_key-put-request-body.mdx';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';
import KeySearchRequestParameters from 'src/content/docs/apis/_key-search-request-parameters.mdx';
import KeyGeneratePostRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_key-generate-post-request-body.mdx';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import KeyImportPostRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_key-import-post-request-body.mdx';

<Aside type="version">
Available since `1.6.0`
</Aside>

Use this API to view, create, and update keys, certificates, and secret values (see the [Key Master documentation](/docs/operate/secure/key-master) for an overview of this functionality).

## Retrieve a Key

This API is used to retrieve a single Key by unique Id or all of the configured Keys.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/key" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve all of the Keys"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/key/{keyId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a Key by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="keyId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Key to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API contains either a single Key or all of the Keys. When you call this API with an Id the response will contain a single Key. When you call this API without an Id the response will contain all of the Keys. Both response types are defined below along with an example JSON response.

<StandardGetResponseCodes />

<KeyResponseBody />

<KeyResponsesBody />

## Update a Key

This API method is used to update an existing Key.

<UpdateKeyNote />

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/key/{keyId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Update the Key with the given Id"/>

### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="keyId" type="UUID" immutable required>
    The unique Id of the Key to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<KeyPutRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Key that was updated.

<StandardPutResponseCodes />

<KeyResponseBody />

## Delete a Key

This API is used to delete a Key.

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/key/{keyId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete the Key with the given Id"/>

### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="keyId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Key to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes />

## Search for Keys

<Aside type="version">
This API has been available since 1.45.0
</Aside>

This API is used to search for Keys and may be called using the `GET` or `POST` HTTP methods. Examples of each are provided below. The `POST` method is provided to allow for a richer request object without worrying about exceeding the maximum length of a URL. Calling this API with either the `GET` or `POST` HTTP method will provide the same search results given the same query parameters.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/key/search?algorithm=RS256&name={name}&type=RSA" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Keys"/>

### Request Parameters

<KeySearchRequestParameters parameter_prefix="" />


<API method="POST" uri="/api/key/search" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Keys"/>

When calling the API using a `POST` request you will send the search criteria in a JSON request body.

### Request Body

<KeySearchRequestParameters parameter_prefix="search." />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Keys matching the search criteria in paginated format and the total number of results matching the search criteria.

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_missing never_search_error />

<KeyResponsesBody include_total />

## Generate a Key

This API is used to generate a new Key.

<API method="POST" uri="/api/key/generate" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Generate a new Key with a randomly generated Id"/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/key/generate/{keyId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Generate a new Key with the provided unique Id"/>

### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="keyId" type="UUID" optional defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new key. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<KeyGeneratePostRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Key that was generated.

<StandardPostResponseCodes />

<KeyResponseBody />

## Import a Key

This API is used to import an existing Key into FusionAuth.

For RSA pairs, possible key lengths are: `1024` (only valid when importing a public key for signature verification), `2048`, `3072` or `4096`.

For EC pairs, possible key lengths are: `256`, `384`, or `521`.

<API method="POST" uri="/api/key/import" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Import an existing Key with a randomly generated Id"/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/key/import/{keyId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Import an existing Key with the provided unique Id"/>

### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="keyId" type="UUID" optional>
    The unique Id of the Key. Use if you want to specify a known UUID. This is useful if you are migrating from an existing system or will otherwise depend on having a known key Id.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<KeyImportPostRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Key that was imported.

<StandardPostResponseCodes />

<KeyResponseBody />

# Lambda API

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import LambdaRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_lambda-request-body.mdx';
import LambdaRequestBodySuffix from 'src/content/docs/apis/_lambda-request-body-suffix.mdx';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import LambdaResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_lambda-response-body.mdx';
import LambdaResponseBodySuffix from 'src/content/docs/apis/_lambda-response-body-suffix.mdx';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import LambdaResponsesBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_lambda-responses-body.mdx';
import LambdaResponsesBodySuffix from 'src/content/docs/apis/_lambda-responses-body-suffix.mdx';
import LambdaSearchRequestParameters from 'src/content/docs/apis/_lambda-search-request-parameters.mdx';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import LambdaPutRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_lambda-put-request-body.mdx';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';
import LambdaType from 'src/content/docs/apis/_lambda-type.astro';

export const singlePrefix = 'lambda.';
export const multiPrefix = 'lambda[x].';

<Aside type="version">
Available since `1.6.0`
</Aside>

Lambdas are user defined JavaScript functions that may be executed at runtime to perform various functions. Lambdas may be used to customize the claims returned in a JWT, reconcile a SAML v2 response or an OpenID Connect response when using these external identity providers.

## Create a Lambda

This API is used to create a Lambda.

<API method="POST" uri="/api/lambda" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Lambda with a randomly generated Id"/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/lambda/{lambdaId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Lambda with the provided unique Id"/>

### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="lambdaId" type="UUID" optional immutable defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new Lambda. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<LambdaRequestBody />
<LambdaRequestBodySuffix />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Lambda that was created.

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

<LambdaResponseBody />
<LambdaResponseBodySuffix />

## Retrieve a Lambda

This API is used to retrieve a single Lambda by unique Id or all of the Lambdas.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/lambda" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve all of the Lambdas"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/lambda?type={type}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve all Lambdas by type"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <LambdaType showRequired={true} showSince={true}/>
</APIBlock>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/lambda/{lambdaId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a Lambda by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="lambdaId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Lambda to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API contains either a single Lambda or all of the Lambdas. When you call this API with an Id the response will contain a single Lambda. When you call this API without an Id the response will contain all of the Lambdas. Both response types are defined below along with an example JSON response.

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error />

<LambdaResponseBody />
<LambdaResponseBodySuffix />

<LambdaResponsesBody />
<LambdaResponsesBodySuffix />

## Search for Lambdas
<Aside type="version">
This API has been available since 1.45.0
</Aside>

This API is used to search for Lambdas and may be called using the `GET` or `POST` HTTP methods. Examples of each are provided below. The `POST` method is provided to allow for a richer request object without worrying about exceeding the maximum length of a URL. Calling this API with either the `GET` or `POST` HTTP method will provide the same search results given the same query parameters.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/lambda/search?body={body}&name={name}&type={type}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Lambdas"/>

#### Request Parameters

<LambdaSearchRequestParameters parameter_prefix="" />

<API method="POST" uri="/api/lambda/search" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Lambdas"/>

When calling the API using a `POST` request you will send the search criteria in a JSON request body.

#### Request Body

<LambdaSearchRequestParameters parameter_prefix="search." />

<JSON title="Example JSON Request" src="lambdas/search-post-request.json" />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Lambdas matching the search criteria in paginated format.

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_missing never_search_error />

<LambdaResponsesBody />
<LambdaResponsesBodySuffix include_total />

## Update a Lambda

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment capitalized_object_name="Lambda" />

The lambda type may not be changed.

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/lambda/{lambdaId}" authentication={["api-key"]}  showPatch={true} title="Update the Lambda with the given Id"/>

### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="lambdaId" type="UUID" immutable required>
    The unique Id of the Lambda to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<LambdaPutRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Lambda that was updated.

<StandardPutResponseCodes never_search_error />

<LambdaResponseBody />
<LambdaResponseBodySuffix />

## Delete a Lambda

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/lambda/{lambdaId}" title="Delete the Lambda with the given Id"/>

### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="lambdaId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Lambda to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes never_search_error />

# Login API

import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperationRowOnly from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-scoped-operation-row-only.mdx';
import LoginApplicationidParameter from 'src/content/docs/apis/_login-applicationId-parameter.mdx';
import LoginMetadataDevice from 'src/content/docs/apis/_login-metadata-device.mdx';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import LoginResponseCodesAuthenticated from 'src/content/docs/apis/_login-response-codes-authenticated.mdx';
import LoginIdField from 'src/content/docs/apis/_login-id-field.mdx';
import LoginIdTypeField from 'src/content/docs/apis/_login-id-type-field.mdx';
import UserResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_user-response-body.mdx';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-scoped-operation.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import LoginEvents from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_login_events.mdx';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

## Authenticate a User

The Login API is used authenticate a user in FusionAuth. The issuer of the One Time Password will dictate if a JWT or a Refresh Token may be issued in the API response.

### Request

By default, this API will require API key authentication when called with an <InlineField>applicationId</InlineField>. API key authentication may be disabled per Application, see <InlineField>application.loginConfiguration.requireAuthentication</InlineField> in the [Application API](/docs/apis/applications) or navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Edit -> Security</Breadcrumb> in the user interface.

Prior to version `1.5.0` this API did not accept an API key and never required authentication.

<API method="POST" uri="/api/login" authentication={['none', 'api-key']} title="Authenticate a User"/>

#### Request Headers

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="X-Forwarded-For" type="String" optional>
    The IP address of a client requesting authentication. If the IP address is provided it will be stored for login history of the user. It is
    generally preferred to specify the IP address in the request body. If it is not provided in the request body this header value will be used
    if available, the request body value will take precedence.
  </APIField>
  <XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperationRowOnly />
</APIBlock>

#### Request Cookies

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="fusionauth.trust" type="String" optional>
    The Multi-Factor Trust identifier returned by the Multi-Factor Login API response. This value may be provided to bypass the Multi-Factor challenge when a User has Multi-Factor enabled. When this cookie exists on the request it will take precedence over the <InlineField>twoFactorTrustId</InlineField> if provided in the request body.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" optional>
  <LoginApplicationidParameter />
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="ipAddress" type="String" optional>
    The IP address of the end-user that is logging into FusionAuth. If this value is omitted FusionAuth will attempt to obtain the IP address of
    the client, the value will be that of the `X-Forwarded-For` header if provided or the last proxy that sent the request. The IP address will
    be stored in the User login history.
  </APIField>
  <LoginIdField login_id_type_field="loginIdTypes" api_login />
  <LoginIdTypeField plural/>
</APIBlock>

<LoginMetadataDevice />

  <APIField name="noJWT" type="Boolean" optional defaults="false">
    When this value is set to true a JWT will not be issued as part of this request. The response body will not contain the `token` or `refreshToken` fields, and the `access_token` and `refresh_token` cookies will not be written to the HTTP response.

    This optional parameter may be helpful when performing high volume authentication requests and the JWT is not being utilized, in this scenario removing the additional latency required to issue and sign the JWT may have a measurable cumulative effect on performance.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="password" type="String" required>
    The user's password or an Application specific [Authentication Token](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/application-authentication-tokens).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="twoFactorTrustId" type="String" optional>
    The Multi-Factor Trust identifier returned by the Multi-Factor Login API response. This value may be provided to bypass the Multi-Factor challenge when a User has Multi-Factor enabled.
  </APIField>
<JSON title="Example Request JSON" src="login/request.json" />

### Response

The response for this API contains the User object.

<LoginResponseCodesAuthenticated />

<UserResponseBody login_response />

#### Response Cookies

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="access_token" type="String">
    The encoded access token. This cookie is written in the response as an HTTP Only session cookie.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="refresh_token" type="String">
    The refresh token. This cookie is written in the response as an HTTP only persistent cookie. The cookie expiration is configured in the JWT
    configuration for the application or the global JWT configuration.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

## Authenticate a User with a one time password

This API is used to login using a One Time Password that has been returned from the Change Password API. The login request is nearly identical, however the `oneTimePasswordId` will take the place of both the `loginId` and the `password` properties.

### Request

By default, this API will require authentication when called with an <InlineField>applicationId</InlineField>. Authentication may be disabled per Application, see <InlineField>application.loginConfiguration.requireAuthentication</InlineField> in the [Application API](/docs/apis/applications) or navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Edit -> Security</Breadcrumb> in the user interface.


<API method="POST" uri="/api/login" authentication={['none', 'api-key']} title=" Authenticate a User"/>

#### Request Headers

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="X-Forwarded-For" type="String" optional>
    The IP address of a client requesting authentication. If the IP address is provided it will be stored for login history of the user. It is
    generally preferred to specify the IP address in the request body. If it is not provided in the request body this header value will be used
    if available, the request body value will take precedence.
  </APIField>
  <XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperationRowOnly />
</APIBlock>

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" optional>
    <LoginApplicationidParameter />
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="ipAddress" type="String" optional>
    The IP address of the end-user that is logging into FusionAuth. If this value is omitted FusionAuth will attempt to obtain the IP address of
    the client, the value will be that of the `X-Forwarded-For` header if provided or the last proxy that sent the request. The IP address will
    be stored in the User login history.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="oneTimePassword" type="String" required>
    The one time password returned by the Change Password API. This value takes the place of the <InlineField>loginId</InlineField> and the <InlineField>password</InlineField> fields.
  </APIField>
  <LoginMetadataDevice />
  <APIField name="noJWT" type="Boolean" optional defaults="false">
    When this value is set to true a JWT will not be issued as part of this request. The response body will not contain the `token` or `refreshToken` fields, and the `access_token` and `refresh_token` cookies will not be written to the HTTP response.

    This optional parameter may be helpful when performing high volume authentication requests and the JWT is not being utilized, in this scenario removing the additional latency required to issue and sign the JWT may have a measurable cumulative effect on performance.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="twoFactorTrustId" type="String" optional>
    The Multi-Factor Trust identifier returned by the Multi-Factor Login API response. This value may be provided to bypass the Multi-Factor challenge when a User has Multi-Factor enabled.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Request JSON" src="login/request-one-time-password.json" />

### Response

The response for this API contains the User object.

<LoginResponseCodesAuthenticated />

<UserResponseBody login_response />

#### Response Cookies

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="access_token" type="String">
    The encoded access token. This cookie is written in the response as an HTTP Only session cookie.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="refresh_token" type="String">
    The refresh token. This cookie is written in the response as an HTTP only persistent cookie. The cookie expiration is configured in the JWT
    configuration for the application or the global JWT configuration.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


## Complete Multi-Factor Authentication

The Multi-Factor Login API is used to complete the authentication process when a `242` status code is returned by the Login API or as the last step of a [Step Up Procedure](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/multi-factor-authentication#step-up-auth).

### Request

Complete a login request when a User has Multi-Factor authentication enabled.

<API method="POST" uri="/api/two-factor/login" authentication={["none"]} title="Complete a Multi-Factor Login"/>

#### Request Headers

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="X-Forwarded-For" type="String" optional>
    The IP address of a client requesting authentication. If the IP address is provided it will be stored for login history of the user. It is generally preferred to specify the IP address in the request body. If it is not provided in the request body, this header value will be used if available. If provided in both places, the request body value takes precedence.
  </APIField>
  <XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperationRowOnly />
</APIBlock>

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" optional>
    <LoginApplicationidParameter />
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="code" type="String" required>
    The Multi-Factor verification code. This may also be a recovery code.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="ipAddress" type="String" optional>
    The IP address of the end-user that is logging into FusionAuth. If this value is omitted FusionAuth will attempt to obtain the IP address
    of the client, the value will be that of the `X-Forwarded-For` header if provided or the last proxy that sent the request. The IP address
    will be stored in the User login history.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<LoginMetadataDevice />

  <APIField name="noJWT" type="Boolean" optional defaults="false">
    When this value is set to true a JWT will not be issued as part of this request. The response body will not contain the `token` field,
    and the `access_token` and `refresh_token` cookies will not be written to the HTTP response.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="trustComputer" type="Boolean" optional defaults="false">
    When this value is set to true the response will contain a Multi-Factor Trust identifier. This can be used on subsequent Login requests to
    allow the Multi-Factor challenge to be bypassed.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="twoFactorId" type="String" required>
    An Id generated and returned in the response body during the initial authentication attempt.

    The default duration of this identifier is 5 minutes. This means that you have 5 minutes to complete the request to this API after calling the Login API. Once the identifier has expired you will need to call the Login API again to restart the process.

    This duration can be modified using the Tenant API or in the FusionAuth UI.
  </APIField>
<JSON title="Example Request JSON" src="login/two-factor/request.json" />

### Response

The response for this API contains the User object.
{/*  keep in sync with _login-response-codes.adoc */}

_Response Codes_

| Code | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
|------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 200  | The authentication was successful. The response will contain the User object that was authenticated.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| 202  | The user was authenticated successfully. The user is not registered for the application specified by `applicationId` on the request. The response will contain the User object that was authenticated.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
| 203  | The user was authenticated successfully. The user is required to change their password, the response will contain the `changePasswordId` to be used on the [Change Password](/docs/apis/users#change-a-users-password) API. Since version `1.15.0`, the response will also contain a `changePasswordReason` field which can have one of the following values:<ul><li>`Administrative` - An administrator has required this user to change their password.</li><li>`Breached` - The password has been found to have belonged to a breached dataset and must be changed, per the Reactor configuration.</li><li>`Expired` - The password has expired, per the expiration setting in the tenant configuration. </li><li>`Validation` - The password fails the validation rules configured in the tenant password settings. </li></ul> <JSON title="Example Response JSON" src="login/login-change-password-response.json" /> {/* eslint-disable-line */} |
| 212  | The user's email address (if an email address or username was used to authenticate) or phone number has not yet been verified. The response will contain the User object that was authenticated. If the tenant verification strategy has been set to `FormField`, the response will contain the verification Id that was generated for the user.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
| 213  | The user's registration has not yet been verified. The response will contain the User object that was authenticated. If the verification strategy has been set to `FormField`, the response will contain the <InlineField>registrationVerificationId</InlineField> that was generated for the user.<br/>Prior to version `1.27.0`, this status code was not returned, and you will see a `200` instead. {/* eslint-disable-line */}                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| 400  | The request was invalid and/or malformed. The response will contain an [Errors](/docs/apis/errors) JSON Object with the specific errors.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
| 404  | The `twoFactorId` was invalid or expired. You will need to authenticate again using the [Login](#authenticate-a-user) API. The response will be empty.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
| 409  | The user is currently in an action that has prevented login. The response will contain the actions that prevented login. <JSON title="Example Response JSON" src="login/login-prevented-response.json" />                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
| 410  | The user has expired. The response will be empty.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
| 421  | The `code` request parameter is not valid. The response will be empty.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
| 500  | There was an internal error. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files. The response will be empty.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| 503  | The search index is not available or encountered an exception so the request cannot be completed. The response will contain a JSON body.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
| 504  | One or more Webhook endpoints returned an invalid response or were unreachable. Based on the transaction configuration for this event your action cannot be completed. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |

<UserResponseBody login_response two_factor_login_response />

#### Response Cookies

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="access_token" type="String">
    The encoded access token. This cookie is written in the response as an HTTP Only session cookie.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="refresh_token" type="String">
    The refresh token. This cookie is written in the response as an HTTP Only persistent cookie. The cookie expiration is configured in the
    JWT configuration for the application or the global JWT configuration.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="fusionauth.trust" type="String">
    The Multi-Factor Trust identifier. This value is returned when `trustComputer` was set to `true` on the request. This value can be used by
     subsequent login requests to bypass the Multi-Factor challenge. This cookie is written in the response as an HTTP Only persistent cookie.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

## Update Login Instant

Sends a ping to FusionAuth indicating that the user has authenticated, and (optionally) automatically logged into an application.
When using FusionAuth's SSO or your own, you should call this if the user is already logged in centrally, but accesses an
application where they no longer have a session. This helps correctly track login counts, times and helps with reporting.

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/login/{userId}/{applicationId}?ipAddress={ipAddress}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Update the login instant for a given User and Application"/>

#### Request Headers

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="X-Forwarded-For" type="String" optional>
    The IP address of a client requesting authentication. If the IP address is provided it will be stored for login history of the user. It is
    generally preferred to specify the IP address in the request body. If it is not provided in the request body this header value will be used
    if available, the request body value will take precedence.
  </APIField>
  <XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperationRowOnly />
</APIBlock>

#### Request Parameters


<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the user logging in.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" optional>

  <LoginApplicationidParameter />
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="ipAddress" type="String" optional>
    The IP address of the end-user that is logging into FusionAuth. If this value is omitted FusionAuth will attempt to obtain the IP address of
    the client, the value will be that of the `X-Forwarded-For` header if provided or the last proxy that sent the request. The IP address will
    be stored in the User login history.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


<API method="PUT" uri="/api/login?ipAddress={ipAddress}" authentication={["jwt"]} title="Update the login instant for a given User and Application using a JWT"/>

The `userId` is not required on the request. The `userId` and `applicationId` values will be retrieved from the identity claims in the JWT payload.

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="ipAddress" type="String" optional>
    The IP address of the end-user that is logging into FusionAuth. If this value is omitted FusionAuth will attempt to obtain the IP address of
    the client, the value will be that of the `X-Forwarded-For` header if provided or the last proxy that sent the request. The IP address will
    be stored in the User login history.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

_Response Codes_

| Code | Description                                                                                                                                                                         |
|------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 200  | The update was successful.                                                                                                                                                          |
| 202  | The user exists but is not registered for the application specified by applicationId on the request.                                                                                |
| 400  | The request was invalid and/or malformed. The response will contain an [Errors](/docs/apis/errors) JSON Object with the specific errors.                                            |
| 401  | You did not supply a valid Authorization header. The header was omitted or your API key was not valid. The response will be empty. See [Authentication](/docs/apis/authentication). |
| 404  | The user was not found.                                                                                                                                                             |
| 500  | There was an internal error. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files.                                                                                      |
| 503  | The search index is not available or encountered an exception so the request cannot be completed. The response will contain a JSON body.                                            |

## Logout a User

The Logout API is intended to be used to remove the refresh token and access token cookies if they exist on the client and revoke the refresh token. This
API does nothing if the request does not contain an access token or refresh token cookies.

The refresh token is only revoked if the request contains the `refresh_token` cookie or the `refreshToken` request parameter. 

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/logout" authentication={["none"]} title="Remove the access_token and refresh_token cookies if they exist on the client."/>

#### Request Cookies

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="access_token" type="String" optional>
    The access token cookie. When this cookie available in the request it will be deleted from the client.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="refresh_token" type="String" optional>
    The refresh token cookie. When this cookie available in the request it will be deleted from the client and revoked in FusionAuth.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="global" type="Boolean" optional defaults="false">
    When this value is set to `true`, revokes:
    * all of the refresh tokens issued to the owner of the provided refresh token
    * the FusionAuth SSO session

    If no refresh token is provided on the request, no refresh tokens will be revoked.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="refreshToken" type="String" optional>
    The refresh token to revoke.

    If provided, FusionAuth uses the token provided this parameter instead instead of the token provided in the `refresh_token` cookie.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

_Response Codes_

| Code | Description                                                                                    |
|------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 200  | The update was successful.                                                                     |
| 500  | There was an internal error. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files. |

## Search Login Records

<Aside type="version">
Available Since Version 1.7.0
</Aside>

This API allows you to search and paginate through the Login Records. Login Records are created in the following scenarios:

<LoginEvents />

You can limit the number of Login Records retained by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> System -> Advanced -> Login record settings</Breadcrumb> and configuring automatic deletion of Login Records after a certain number of days.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/system/login-record/search?applicationId={applicationId}&start={start}&end={end}&userId={userId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Searches for Login Records given search criteria"/>

When calling the API using a `GET` request you will send the search criteria on the URL using request parameters. In order to simplify the example URL above, not every possible parameter is shown, however using the provided pattern you may add any of the documented request parameters to the URL.

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" optional>
    The unique Id of the Application used to narrow the search results to logins for a particular application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="end" type="Long" optional>
    The end [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) of the date/time range to search within.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="numberOfResults" type="Integer" optional defaults="25">
    The number of results to return from the search.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="retrieveTotal" type="Boolean" optional defaults="false">
    Set this to `true` if you want the total possible results returned in the response. With a very large number of login records settings this value to `true` will increase the response time of this request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="start" type="Long" optional>
    The start [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) of the date/time range to search within.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="startRow" type="Integer" optional defaults="0">
    The offset into the total results. In order to paginate the results, increment this value by the <InlineField>numberOfResults</InlineField> for subsequent requests.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userId" type="String" optional>
    The unique Id of the User used to narrow the search results to login records for a particular user.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


<API method="POST" uri="/api/system/login-record/search" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Searches for Login Records given search criteria"/>

When calling the API using a `POST` request you will send the search criteria in a JSON request body.

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="retrieveTotal" type="Boolean" optional defaults="false">
    Set this to `true` if you want the total possible results returned in the response. With a very large number of login records settings this value to `true` will increase the response time of this request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.applicationId" type="UUID" optional>
    The unique Id of the Application used to narrow the search results to logins for a particular application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.end" type="Long" optional>
    The end [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) of the date/time range to search within.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.numberOfResults" type="Integer" optional defaults="25">
    The number of results to return from the search.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.start" type="Long" optional>
    The start [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) of the date/time range to search within.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.startRow" type="Integer" optional defaults="0">
    The offset into the total results. In order to paginate the results, increment this value by the <InlineField>numberOfResults</InlineField> for subsequent requests.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.userId" type="UUID" optional>
    The unique Id of the User used to narrow the search results to login records for a particular user.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API will contain all login records matching the search criteria in paginated format.

<StandardGetResponseCodes />

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="logins" type="Array">
    The list of Login Records returned by the search.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="logins[x].applicationId" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="logins[x].applicationName" type="String">
    The name of the application. Because the application name may be modified after the login event occurred, only the <InlineField>applicationId</InlineField> should be considered immutable for historical purposes when identifying the application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="logins[x].loginId" type="String">
    The identity used to log in. Because an identity may be modified after the login event occurred, only the <InlineField>userId</InlineField> should be considered immutable for historical purposes when identifying the user.

    In version `1.59.0` and later, the <InlineField>loginId</InlineField> is stored in the login record when the correct value can be identified. In these cases the <InlineField>loginIdType</InlineField> will be populated.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="logins[x].loginIdType" type="String" since="1.59.0">
    The type of identity used to log in. A missing value on the response indicates the login was not associated with a specific identity, or the login record was created prior to version `1.59.0`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="logins[x].instant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) when the login occurred.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="logins[x].ipAddress" type="String">
    The recorded IP address for this login record.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="logins[x].userId" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the user.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="total" type="Long">
    The total number of login records available. This will only be provided in the response when <InlineField>retrieveTotal</InlineField> was set to `true` on the request.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example JSON Response" src="login-records/search/response.json" />

## Export Login Records

<Aside type="version">
Available Since Version 1.7.0
</Aside>

This API is used to export Login Records, the response will be a compressed zip archive of CSV files.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/system/login-record/export?applicationId={applicationId}&start={start}&end={end}&userId={userId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Export the Login Records matching the criteria"/>

When calling the API using a `GET` request you will send the export criteria on the URL using request parameters. In order to simplify the example URL above, not every possible parameter is shown, however using the provided pattern you may add any of the documented request parameters to the URL.

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" optional>
    The unique Id of the Application used to reduce the export result to logins for a particular application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="dateTimeSecondsFormat" type="String" optional>
    The format string used to format the date and time columns in the export result.

    When this parameter is omitted a default format of `M/d/yyyy hh:mm:ss a z` will be used. See the [DateTimeFormatter patterns](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/time/format/DateTimeFormatter.html) for additional examples.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="end" type="Long" optional>
    The end [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) of the date/time range to search within.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="start" type="Long" optional>
    The start [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) of the date/time range to search within.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" optional>
    The unique Id of the User used to reduce the export result to logins for a particular user.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="zoneId" type="String" optional>
    The [time zone](/docs/reference/data-types#time-zone) used to adjust the stored UTC time in the export result.

    For example:

    > `America/Denver` or `US/Mountain`

    When this parameter is omitted the configured default report time zone will be used. See <InlineField>reportTimezone</InlineField> in the [System Configuration API](/docs/apis/system).
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


<API method="POST" uri="/api/system/login-record/export" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Export the Login Records matching the criteria"/>

When calling the API using a `POST` request you will send the export criteria in a JSON request body.

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="criteria.applicationId" type="UUID" optional>
    The unique Id of the Application used to reduce the export result to logins for a particular application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="criteria.end" type="Long" optional>
    The end [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) of the date/time range to include in the export.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="criteria.start" type="Long" optional>
    The start [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) of the date/time range to include in the export.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="criteria.userId" type="UUID" optional>
    The unique Id of the User used to reduce the export result to logins for a particular user.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="dateTimeSecondsFormat" type="String" optional>
    The format string used to format the date and time columns in the export result.

    When this parameter is omitted a default format of `M/d/yyyy hh:mm:ss a z` will be used. See the [DateTimeFormatter patterns](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/time/format/DateTimeFormatter.html) for additional examples.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="zoneId" type="String" optional>
    The [time zone](/docs/reference/data-types#time-zone) used to adjust the stored UTC time in the export result.

    For example:

    > `America/Denver` or `US/Mountain`

    When this parameter is omitted the configured default report time zone will be used. See <InlineField>reportTimezone</InlineField> in the [System Configuration API](/docs/apis/system).
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API will contain a compressed zip of the login records.

In version `1.59.0` and later, the export file contains <InlineField>Identity value</InlineField> and <InlineField>Identity type</InlineField> columns. If a login record is associated with a particular identity, those values will be reflected in the export. Older login records and new login records not associated with a particular identity will omit values for these columns in the export.

<StandardGetResponseCodes success_code="200" success_message="The request was successful. The response will be a compressed archive byte stream with a `Content-Type` of `application/zip`." />

```plaintext title="Sample file export"
"User Id ","Identity value ","Identity type ","Time ","Application Id ","IP Address ","City ","Country ","Zipcode ","Region ","Latitude ","Longitude "
00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001,,,5/12/2025 02:46:44 PM MDT,,107.170.227.24,San Francisco,US,,CA,37.7309,-122.3886
00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001,richard@piedpiper.com,email,5/12/2025 12:25:12 AM MDT,3c219e58-ed0e-4b18-ad48-f4f92793ae32,127.0.0.1,,,,,,
```

<Aside type="note">
The location information is only included in exports when [Advanced Threat Detection](/docs/operate/secure/advanced-threat-detection) is enabled.
</Aside>

# Message Template API

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import MessageTemplateRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_message-template-request-body.mdx';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import MessageTemplateResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_message-template-response-body.mdx';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import MessageTemplatesResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_message-templates-response-body.mdx';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import MessagePreviewResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_message-preview-response-body.mdx';

<Aside type="version">
Available since `1.26.0`
</Aside>

This page contains the APIs for managing Message Templates as well as messaging users using those templates. Here are the APIs:


## Create a Message Template

This API is used to create a Message Template. Specifying an Id on the URI will instruct FusionAuth to use that Id when creating the Message Template. Otherwise, FusionAuth will generate an Id for the Message Template.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/message/template" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Message Template without providing an Id. An Id will be automatically generated."/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/message/template/{messageTemplateId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Message Template with the provided Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="messageTemplateId" type="UUID" optional immutable defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new Message Template. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<MessageTemplateRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the information for the Message Template that was created.

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

<MessageTemplateResponseBody />

## Retrieve a Message Template

This API is used to retrieve one or all of the configured Message Templates. Specifying an Id on the URI will retrieve a single Message Template. Leaving off the Id will retrieve all of the Message Templates.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/message/template" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve all of the Message Templates"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/message/template/{messageTemplateId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a single Message Template by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="messageTemplateId" type="UUID" optional>
    The Id of the Message Template to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API contains either a single Message Template or all of the Message Templates. When you call this API with an Id the response will contain just that Message Template. When you call this API without an Id the response will contain all of the Message Templates. Both response types are defined below along with an example JSON response.

<StandardGetResponseCodes no_errors never_search_error />

<MessageTemplateResponseBody />

<MessageTemplatesResponseBody />


## Update a Message Template

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment capitalized_object_name="Message Template" />

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/message/template/{messageTemplateId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true}  title="Update a Message Template by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="messageTemplateId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Message Template to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<MessageTemplateRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the new information for the Message Template that was updated.

<StandardPutResponseCodes never_search_error />

<MessageTemplateResponseBody />


## Delete a Message Template

This API is used to delete a Message Template. You must specify the Id of the Message Template on the URI.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/message/template/{messageTemplateId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete a Message Template By Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="messageTemplateId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Message Template to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes never_search_error />

## Preview a Message Template

This API is used to preview a Message Template. You pass all of the information for the Message Template in the request and a rendered version of the Message is sent back to you in the response. See [previewing message templates](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/message-templates-replacement-variables#previewing-message-templates) for the sample values that are used with the request.

The Message Template in the request does not need to be completely filled out. You can send in a partial Message Template and the response will contain only what you provided.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/message/template/preview" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Preview a Message Template"/>

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="locale" type="Locale" optional>
    The locale to use when rendering the Message Template. If this is null or omitted, the defaults will be used and the localized versions will be ignored.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="messageTemplate.defaultTemplate" required>
    The default Message Template to preview.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="messageTemplate.localizedTemplates" optional>
    The Message Template used when sending messages to users who speak other languages. This overrides the default Message Template based on the <InlineField>locale</InlineField> string passed.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="messageTemplate.type" type="String" required>
    The type of the template. This must be the value `SMS`.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Preview Request JSON" src="message-templates/preview-request.json" />

### Response

The response for this API contains the rendered Message and also an Errors that contains any rendering issues FusionAuth found. The template might have syntax or logic errors and FusionAuth will put these errors into the response.

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

<MessagePreviewResponseBody />

# Generic Messenger

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import GenericRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/messengers/_generic-request-body.mdx';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import GenericResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/messengers/_generic-response-body.mdx';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.26.0`
</Aside>

The following APIs are provided to manage Generic Messengers.

### Operations

## Create the Generic Messenger

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/messenger" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Generic Messenger with a randomly generated Id."/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/messenger/{messengerId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Generic Messenger with the provided unique Id."/>

The <InlineField>type</InlineField> in the request JSON is used to determine that you are creating the Generic Messenger.

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="messengerId" type="UUID" optional defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new Messenger. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<GenericRequestBody />

### Response

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

<GenericResponseBody />

## Retrieve the Generic Messenger

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/messenger/{messengerId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve the Generic Messenger by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="messengerId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Messenger to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error />

<GenericResponseBody />

## Update the Generic Messenger

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment capitalized_object_name="Generic Messenger" />

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/messenger/{messengerId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update the Generic Messenger by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="messengerId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Messenger to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<GenericRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Generic Messenger.

<StandardPutResponseCodes never_search_error />

<GenericResponseBody />

## Delete the Generic Messenger

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/messenger/{messengerId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete the Generic Messenger by Id"/>

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="messengerId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Messenger to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes never_search_error />

# Messengers

import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import MultipleResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/messengers/_multiple-response-body.mdx';

A Messenger is a named object that provides configuration for sending messages to external systems. FusionAuth currently supports the following Messenger types:

* [Generic](/docs/apis/messengers/generic)
* [Twilio](/docs/apis/messengers/twilio)

The type of the messenger will determine the object's properties as well as the validation that is performed. You can click into any of the messenger API docs to get a list of that messenger's properties.

## Retrieve all Messengers

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/messenger" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve all Messengers"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/messenger/{messengerId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a Messenger by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="messengerId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Messenger to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_missing never_search_error />

<MultipleResponseBody />

# Twilio Messenger

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import TwilioRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/messengers/_twilio-request-body.mdx';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import TwilioResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/messengers/_twilio-response-body.mdx';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.26.0`
</Aside>

The following APIs are provided to manage Twilio Messengers.

### Operations

## Create the Twilio Messenger

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/messenger" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Twilio Messenger with a randomly generated Id."/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/messenger/{messengerId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Twilio Messenger with the provided unique Id."/>

The <InlineField>type</InlineField> in the request JSON is used to determine that you are creating the Twilio Messenger.

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="messengerId" type="UUID" optional defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new Messenger. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<TwilioRequestBody />

### Response

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

<TwilioResponseBody />

## Retrieve the Twilio Messenger

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/messenger/{messengerId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve the Twilio Messenger by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="messengerId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Messenger to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error />

<TwilioResponseBody />

## Update the Twilio Messenger

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment capitalized_object_name="Twilio Messenger" />

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/messenger/{messengerId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update the Twilio Messenger by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="messengerId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Messenger to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<TwilioRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Twilio Messenger.

<StandardPutResponseCodes never_search_error />

<TwilioResponseBody />

## Delete the Twilio Messenger

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/messenger/{messengerId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete the Twilio Messenger by Id"/>

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="messengerId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Messenger to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes never_search_error />

# Passwordless API

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-scoped-operation.mdx';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import LoginIdField from "src/content/docs/apis/_login-id-field.mdx";
import LoginIdTypeField from "src/content/docs/apis/_login-id-type-field.mdx";
import PasswordlessStartResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_passwordless-start-response-body.mdx';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperationRowOnly from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-scoped-operation-row-only.mdx';
import DeviceTypeList from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_device-type-list.mdx';
import LoginResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_login-response-codes.mdx';
import UserResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_user-response-body.mdx';

This page contains the APIs that are used to authenticate users without passwords using magic links and codes.

You also may find the [Magic Links guide](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/magic-links) helpful.

<Aside type="note" title="Please note">
Prior to version `1.41.0`, magic links and codes were the only form of passwordless authentication supported by FusionAuth.

Therefore the user interface and API use the term `passwordless`, even though versions `1.41.0` and beyond support multiple kinds of passwordless authentication.
</Aside>

## Start Passwordless Login

<Aside type="version">
This API has been available since `1.11.0`
</Aside>

This API allows you to generate a passwordless code that can be used to complete login. This is the first step in completing a passwordless login.

If you plan to utilize the FusionAuth login page then you will not need to use this API. Instead, once passwordless authentication is enabled for the FusionAuth Application, a new button will be presented to the user on the login page which will allow them to request an email.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/passwordless/start" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Generate a passwordless login code"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="String" required>
    The unique Id of the Application you are requesting to log into.
  </APIField>
  <LoginIdField login_id_type_field="loginIdTypes" footer={
    <span>
    If you are using the <a href="#send-passwordless-login">Send Passwordless Login</a> API with the code returned by this call, that API will send a message using a delivery method appropriate for the <code>loginId</code> used here. If you supplied a username or email address <code>loginId</code>, the message will be sent via email. If you supplied a phone number <code>loginId</code> then the message will be delivered via an SMS messenger.
    </span>
  } />
  <LoginIdTypeField plural />
  <APIField name="state" type="Object" optional>
    An optional object that will be returned un-modified when you complete the passwordless login request. This may be useful to return the user to particular state once they complete login using the passwordless code.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="loginStrategy" type="String" optional since="1.59.0">
    The process by which the user will complete the passwordless login. The possible values are:

    * `ClickableLink` - send the user a code with a clickable link.
    * `FormField` - send the user a short code intended to be manually entered into a form field.

    <Aside>
      If not specified, prior to version `1.64.0`, the default value depends upon the `loginIdType` of `loginId`:
      * email address or username - `ClickableLink`
      * phone number - `FormField`
    </Aside>
    <Aside>
      If not specified, in version `1.64.0` or greater, the default value depends upon the `loginIdType` of `loginId` and:
      * if email address or username - `application.passwordlessConfiguration.emailLoginStrategy`, which defaults to `ClickableLink`
      * if phone number - `application.passwordlessConfiguration.phoneLoginStrategy`, which defaults to `FormField`
    </Aside>
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Request JSON" src="passwordless/start-request.json" />

### Response

_Response Codes_

| Code | Description                                                                                                                                                                         |
|------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 200  | The request was successful.                                                                                                                                                         |
| 400  | The request was invalid and/or malformed. The response will contain an [Errors](/docs/apis/errors) JSON Object with the specific errors.                                            |
| 401  | You did not supply a valid Authorization header. The header was omitted or your API key was not valid. The response will be empty. See [Authentication](/docs/apis/authentication). |
| 404  | The user was not found. The response will be empty.                                                                                                                                 |
| 500  | There was an internal error. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files. The response will be empty.                                                          |

<PasswordlessStartResponseBody />

## Send Passwordless Login

This API allows you to send an email or SMS message to a user that will contain a code that can be used to complete login. This API should be used if you want to build your own login page.

If you plan to utilize the FusionAuth login page then you will not need to use this API. Instead, once passwordless authentication is enabled for the FusionAuth Application, a new button will be presented to the user on the login page which will allow them to request an email or SMS message.

This API does not require authentication.

### Request

<Aside type="version">
Available Since Version 1.11.0.
</Aside>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/passwordless/send" authentication={["none"]} title="Send the provided code via email or SMS"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="code" type="String" required since="1.11.0">
    The unique code to send via email or SMS, used to complete the login request.  This value can be generated with a call to the [Start Passwordless Login](#start-passwordless-login) API. The `loginStrategy` value used in the [Start Passwordless Login](#start-passwordless-login) API controls whether an email or SMS is sent.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Request JSON" src="passwordless/send-request-code.json" />

<API method="POST" uri="/api/passwordless/send" authentication={["none"]} title="Generate a code and send a login link via email"/>

<Aside type="caution" title="Deprecated usage">
  * This usage of the API may be removed at a later date. Once available prefer the usage outlined above which is available beginning in `1.11.0` which means you will need to use the Start API prior to calling this API.
  * Passwordless login with phone numbers, introduced in version `1.59.0`, is not supported by this usage of this API endpoint. Use the [Start Passwordless Login](#start-passwordless-login) API to obtain a code and then provide that code to this API (see above).
</Aside>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="String" required>
    The unique Id of the Application you are requesting to log into.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="loginId" type="String" required>
    The login identifier of the user. The login identifier can be either the <InlineField>email</InlineField> or the <InlineField>username</InlineField>.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="state" type="Object" optional>
    An optional object that will be returned un-modified when you complete the passwordless login request. This may be useful to return the user to particular state once they complete login using the email link.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Request JSON" src="passwordless/send-request-legacy.json" />

### Response

The response for this API does not contain a body. It only contains a status code.

_Response Codes_

| Code | Description                                                                                                                              |
|------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 200  | The request was successful.                                                                                                              |
| 400  | The request was invalid and/or malformed. The response will contain an [Errors](/docs/apis/errors) JSON Object with the specific errors. |
| 500  | There was an internal error. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files. The response will be empty.               |


## Complete a Passwordless Login

This API is used to complete the passwordless login request. This API should be used if you want to build your own login page.

If you plan to utilize the FusionAuth login page then you will not need to use this API. Instead, once passwordless authentication is enabled for the FusionAuth Application, a new button will be presented to the user on the login page which will allow them to request an email.

This API does not require authentication.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/passwordless/login" authentication={["none"]} title="Login using the code sent via email"/>

#### Request Headers

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="X-Forwarded-For" type="String" optional>
    The IP address of a client requesting authentication. If the IP address is provided it will be stored for login history of the user. It is
    generally preferred to specify the IP address in the request body. If it is not provided in the request body this header value will be used
    if available, the request body value will take precedence.
    <XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperationRowOnly />
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Request Cookies

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="fusionauth.trust" type="String" optional>
    The Two Factor Trust identifier returned by the Two Factor Login API response. This value may be provided to bypass the Two Factor challenge when a User has Two Factor enabled. When this cookie exists on the request it will take precedence over the <InlineField>twoFactorTrustId</InlineField> if provided in the request body.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="String" optional>
    The unique Id of the Application you are requesting to log into.  If omitted, no application-specific settings such as lambdas or templates will be applied.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="code" type="String" required>
    The unique code sent via email used to complete the login request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="ipAddress" type="String" optional>
    The IP address of the end-user that is logging into FusionAuth. If this value is omitted FusionAuth will attempt to obtain the IP address of
    the client, the value will be that of the `X-Forwarded-For` header if provided or the last proxy that sent the request. The IP address will
    be stored in the User login history.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="metaData.device.description" type="String" optional>
    A human readable description of the device used during login. This meta data is used to describe the refresh token that may be generated for this login request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="metaData.device.name" type="String" optional>
    A human readable name of the device used during login.  This meta data is used to describe the refresh token that may be generated for this login request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="metaData.device.type" type="String" optional>
    The type of device represented by the `device` parameter. This meta data is used to describe the refresh token that may be generated for this login request.

    Prior to version 1.46.0, this value was restricted to the following types:

<DeviceTypeList />

    In version `1.46.0` and beyond, this value can be any string value you'd like, have fun with it!
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="noJWT" type="Boolean" optional defaults="false">
    When this value is set to true a JWT will not be issued as part of this request. The response body will not contain the `token` or `refreshToken` fields, and the `access_token` and `refresh_token` cookies will not be written to the HTTP response.

    This optional parameter may be helpful when performing high volume authentication requests and the JWT is not being utilized, in this scenario removing the additional latency required to issue and sign the JWT may have a measurable cumulative effect on performance.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="twoFactorTrustId" type="String" optional>
    The Two Factor Trust identifier returned by the Two Factor Login API response. This value may be provided to bypass the Two Factor challenge when a User has Two Factor enabled.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Request JSON" src="passwordless/login-request.json" />

<a id="response-3"></a>
### Response

<LoginResponseCodes />

<UserResponseBody passwordless_login_response />

#### Response Cookies

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="access_token" type="String">
    The encoded access token. This cookie is written in the response as an HTTP Only session cookie.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="refresh_token" type="String">
    The refresh token. This cookie is written in the response as an HTTP only persistent cookie. The cookie expiration is configured in the JWT
    configuration for the application or the global JWT configuration.
    ###
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

# Reactor API

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import ReactorMetricsResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_reactor-metrics-response-body.mdx';
import ReactorStatusResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_reactor-status-response-body.mdx';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';

<Aside type="version">
Available since `1.26.0`
</Aside>

This page contains the APIs for Reactor, FusionAuth's license system. Reactor is used to activate features based upon your licensing tier. Here are the APIs:

## Activate Reactor license

This API is used to activate a Reactor license.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/reactor" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Activate a Reactor license"/>

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="licenseId" type="String" required>
    The license Id to activate.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="license" type="String" optional>
    The Base64-encoded license value. This value is necessary in an [air-gapped](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/reference/air-gapping) configuration where outbound network access is not available.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

{/* lint ignore no-html */}
*Response Codes*
| Code | Description |
|------|-------------|
| 200  | The request was successful. |
| 400  | The request was invalid or malformed, or this feature requires a paid FusionAuth license that is not present. The response will contain an [Errors](/docs/apis/errors) JSON object with the specific errors. |
| 401  | The request did not supply a valid Authorization header (typically omitted or an invalid API key). The response will be empty. See [Authentication](/docs/apis/authentication). |
| 409  | This instance is already licensed. To change the license, you must first `DELETE` the existing license.  |
| 500  | There was an internal error. The response will be empty. To find the related stack trace, check the log files for your FusionAuth instance. |

## Retrieve Reactor metrics

This API is used to retrieve the metrics of Reactor features.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/reactor/metrics" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve Reactor metrics"/>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes no_errors never_missing never_search_error />

<ReactorMetricsResponseBody />

## Retrieve Reactor status

This API is used to retrieve the status of Reactor features.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/reactor" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve Reactor status"/>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes no_errors never_missing never_search_error />

<ReactorStatusResponseBody />

## Regenerate Reactor license

This API is used to make requests from FusionAuth to the License server to regenerate a license. This is particularly useful if it is suspected that the license key has been compromised and a new one is needed.

Regenerating the license will cause any other instance using the license to revert to Community plan features. All configuration will be maintained, but any paid plan functionality will be disabled. The instance of FusionAuth that makes this API request will be updated to use the new license key, but each additional instance requiring a license will need the updated license key.

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/reactor" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Regenerate a Reactor license"/>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardPutResponseCodes never_search_error success_code="200" success_message="The request was successful. The response will be empty." />


## Deactivate Reactor license

This API is used to deactivate a Reactor license.
If [Breached Password Detection](/docs/operate/secure/breached-password-detection) was being used it will no longer work, licensed features can no longer be enabled, and existing configurations may no longer work if they use licensed features.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/reactor" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Deactivate Reactor license"/>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes never_search_error success_code="200" success_message="The request was successful. The response will be empty." />

# User Registration API

import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import DeprecatedSince from 'src/components/api/DeprecatedSince.astro';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-scoped-operation.mdx';
import UserRegistrationRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_user-registration-request-body.mdx';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import UserRegistrationResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_user-registration-response-body.mdx';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderCreateOperation from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-create-operation.mdx';
import UserRegistrationCombinedRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_user-registration-combined-request-body.mdx';
import UserRegistrationCombinedResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_user-registration-combined-response-body.mdx';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';

This page contains the APIs that are used to manage User Registrations. A registration is the association between a User and an Application that they log into. Here are the APIs:

## Create a User Registration (for an existing user)

This API is used to create a new User Registration for an existing User. If the User has already created their global account but is now creating an account for an Application, this is the API you will use to create the new account. You must specify the User Id being registered on the URI. The Id of the Application the User is registering for is sent in the request body.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/user/registration/{userId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a User Registration for an existing User"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the User that is registering for the Application.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<UserRegistrationRequestBody http_method="POST" />

### Response

The response for this API contains the User Registration that was created. Security sensitive fields will not be returned in the response.

<StandardPostResponseCodes missing_message="The user specified by Id in the request parameter does not exist. The response will be empty." />

<UserRegistrationResponseBody registration_create_response />

## Create a User and Registration (combined)

This API is used to create a new User and a User Registration in a single request. This is useful if for example you have a main website that User's create their account on initially. The User is technically creating their global User object and a User Registration for that website (i.e. that Application). In this case, you will want to create the User and the User Registration in a single step. This is the API to use for that. You can optionally still provide an Id for the new User on the URI. If you don't specify an Id for the User, FusionAuth will create one for you.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/user/registration/{userId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a User and a User Registration in a single API call"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" immutable optional>
    The Id to use for the new User. If you don't specify this, FusionAuth will generate a random UUID.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderCreateOperation />

<UserRegistrationCombinedRequestBody  />

### Response

The response for this API contains the User and the User Registration that were created. Security sensitive fields will not be returned in the response.

<StandardPostResponseCodes create_user />

<UserRegistrationCombinedResponseBody />


## Retrieve a User Registration

This API is used to retrieve a single User Registration. This is the information about a User for a single Application.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user/registration/{userId}/{applicationId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a User Registration for the User Id and Application Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Application that the User is registered for.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the User whose registration is being retrieved.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

### Response

The response for this API contains the User Registration.

<StandardGetResponseCodes />

<UserRegistrationResponseBody />

## Update a User Registration

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment extra_id_verbiage="You must specify the User Id and the Application Id on the URI to identify the registration that is being updated." capitalized_object_name="User Registration" />

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/user/registration/{userId}/{applicationId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update a User Registration"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" required since="1.25.0">
    The Id of the Application for which the User is registered.

    While required, this parameter may be provided in the request body as well. If the `applicationId` is provided in both the URL and the request body, the value on the URL will take precedence. Prior to version `1.25.0` this value must be provided in the request body.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" immutable required>
    The Id of the User that is updating their User Registration for the Application.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<UserRegistrationRequestBody http_method="PUT" />

### Response

The response for this API contains the User Registration that was updated. Security sensitive fields will not be returned in the response.

<StandardPutResponseCodes />

<UserRegistrationResponseBody />


## Delete a User Registration

This API is used to delete a single User Registration.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/user/registration/{userId}/{applicationId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete a User Registration by providing the User Id and the Application Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Application for which the User will no longer be registered.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the User whose registration is being removed.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

### Response

The response for this API does not contain a body. It only contains one of the status codes listed below.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes />

## Verify a User Registration

This API is used to mark a User Registration as verified. This is usually called after the User receives the registration verification email after they register and they click the link in the email.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/user/verify-registration" authentication={["none"]} title="Verifies the User Registration using a verificationId."/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/user/verify-registration/{verificationId}" authentication={["none"]} title="Verifies the User Registration using a verificationId."/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="verificationId" type="String" required deprecated>
    The verification Id generated by FusionAuth used to verify the User's registration is valid by ensuring they have access to the provided email address.

    <DeprecatedSince since="1.27.0">
    This value can still be provided on the URL segment as shown in the above example, but it is recommended you send this value in the request body instead using the <InlineField>verificationId</InlineField> field. If the value is provided in the URL segment and in the request body, the value provided in the request body will be preferred.
    </DeprecatedSince>
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="oneTimeCode" type="String" optional since="1.27.0">
    The short code used to verify the User's registration is valid by ensuring they have access to the provided email address. This field is required when the registration <InlineField>verification strategy</InlineField> on the Application is set to `FormField`.

    This field is required when the registration <InlineField>verification strategy</InlineField> on the Application is set to `Form field`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="verificationId" type="String" required since="1.27.0">
    The verification Id generated by FusionAuth used to verify the User's registration is valid by ensuring they have access to the provided email address.

    When using the `Form field` strategy for registration verification, this value is used along with the `oneTimeCode` as a pair to verify the registration.

    If the <InlineField>verificationId</InlineField> is provided in the URL segment and in the request body, the value provided in the request body will be preferred.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

### Response

The response does not contain a body. It only contains one of the status codes below.

_Response Codes_

| Code | Description                                                                                                                              |
|------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 200  | The request was successful.                                                                                                              |
| 400  | The request was invalid and/or malformed. The response will contain an [Errors](/docs/apis/errors) JSON Object with the specific errors. |
| 404  | The User does not exist or is not registered to the requested Application. The response will be empty.                                   |
| 500  | There was an internal error. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files. The response will be empty.               |
| 503  | The search index is not available or encountered an exception so the request cannot be completed. The response will contain a JSON body. |


## Resend a User Registration Verification Email

This API is used to resend the registration verification email to a User. This API is useful if the User has deleted the email, or the verification Id has
 expired. By default, the verification Id will expire after 24 hours.

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/user/verify-registration?applicationId={applicationId}&email={email}" authentication={["none"]} title="Resend the registration verification email"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Application for this User registration.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="email" type="String" required>
    The email address used to uniquely identify the User.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />


<API method="PUT" uri="/api/user/verify-registration?applicationId={applicationId}&email={email}&sendVerifyRegistrationEmail={sendVerifyRegistrationEmail}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Resend the registration verification email using an API key"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Application for this User registration.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="email" type="String" required>
    The email address used to uniquely identify the User.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="sendVerifyRegistrationEmail" type="Boolean" optional defaults="true">
    If you would only like to generate a new `verificationId` and return it in the JSON body without FusionAuth attempting to send the User an email
    set this optional parameter to `false`.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

This may be useful if you need to integrate the Registration Verification process using a third party messaging service.

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

### Response

When authenticated using an API key a response body will be provided. If an API key was not used to authenticate the request no body is returned.

<StandardPutResponseCodes success_code="200" success_message="The request was successful. The response will contain a JSON body if an API key was used for authentication. If no API key was provided no response body will be returned." />

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="verificationId" type="String">
    The Registration Verification Id that was generated by this API request. This identifier may be used by the [Verify a User Registration](#verify-a-user-registration) API.
    This field is only returned in the JSON response body if the request was authenticated using an API key, if an API key is not used no response body is returned.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Response JSON" src="users/resend-verify-registration-response.json" />

# Report API

import Report from 'src/content/docs/apis/_report.mdx';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';

This page contains the APIs for retrieving the reports available in FusionAuth. Here are the APIs:

## Retrieve Daily Active Users Report

<Report reportPrefix="dailyActiveUsers" reportType="daily active users" reportDescription reportJSON="dailyActiveUsers.json" reportURI="daily-active-user" reportUnit="days" />

## Retrieve Login Report

<Report reportPrefix="hourlyCounts"
        reportType="login"
        reportDescription="The report is always calculated in hours. if you want to calculate daily logins, you'll need to roll up the results in the response."
        reportJSON="logins.json"
        reportURI="login"
        reportUnit="hours" />

## Retrieve Monthly Active Users Report

<Report reportPrefix="monthlyActiveUsers" reportType="monthly active users" reportDescription="The report is always calculated using months as the interval." reportJSON="monthlyActiveUsers.json" reportURI="monthly-active-user" reportUnit="months" />

## Retrieve Registration Report

<Report reportPrefix="hourlyCounts" reportType="registrations" reportDescription="The report is always calculated in hours. if you want to calculate daily registrations, you'll need to roll up the results in the response." reportJSON="registrations.json" reportURI="registration" reportUnit="hours" />

## Retrieve Totals Report

The Report Totals API is used to retrieve the number users currently registered and how many login requests have been serviced by FusionAuth globally as well as broken down by each Application.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/report/totals" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve the Totals Report"/>

### Response

The response for this API contains the totals report.

<StandardGetResponseCodes />

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationTotals">
    A map where the key is the Id of the Application and the value is an object that contains the totals for that Application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="applicationTotals[id].logins" type="Integer">
    The total number of logins (all time) for the Application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="applicationTotals[id].registrations" type="Integer">
    The current number of registrations for the Application. This doesn't include registrations for user's that have been deleted from FusionAuth.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="applicationTotals[id].totalRegistrations" type="Integer">
    The total number of registrations (all time) for the Application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="globalRegistrations" type="Integer">
    The current number of registered users. This value is incremented each time a new user is added to FusionAuth, and this value is decremented when a user is deleted from FusionAuth.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="totalGlobalRegistrations" type="Integer">
    The total number of registrations (all time). When a user is removed from FusionAuth this number is not decremented.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Response JSON" src="reports/totals.json" />

# SCIM

import EnterprisePlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_enterprise-plan-blurb.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';

<EnterprisePlanBlurb />

<Aside type="version">
This API has been available since `1.36.0`
</Aside>

This page contains all of the APIs for managing Users and Groups using SCIM requests. See our [overview](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/scim) of FusionAuth's support for the SCIM specification for more details.

FusionAuth supported SCIM Resource API endpoints

* [SCIM User](/docs/apis/scim/scim-user)
* [SCIM EnterpriseUser](/docs/apis/scim/scim-enterprise-user)
* [SCIM Group](/docs/apis/scim/scim-group)

FusionAuth supported [Service Provider Configuration](/docs/apis/scim/scim-service-provider) endpoints:

* [SCIM ResourceTypes](/docs/apis/scim/scim-service-provider#retrieve-resource-types)
* [SCIM Schemas](/docs/apis/scim/scim-service-provider#retrieve-schemas)
* [SCIM Service Provider Configuration](/docs/apis/scim/scim-service-provider#retrieve-service-provider-configuration)

## Authentication

In order to use the authenticated FusionAuth SCIM API endpoints, you must create a SCIM client entity and execute the [Client Credentials](/docs/apis/authentication#client-credentials) authorization workflow. [Default Entity Types](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/entity-management#scim-configuration) are provided for you with permission configurations for each individual endpoint. A SCIM Client must use credentials for a SCIM Client Entity and that Entity must have the corresponding permission for that endpoint enabled.

## SCIM Error Responses

All error responses from FusionAuth SCIM API endpoints will be returned using the SCIM `urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error` schema as defined by [RFC 7644 Section 3.12](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7644#section-3.12).

<JSON title="Example SCIM error response" src="scim/scim-error-response.json" />

When applicable, additional error details will be provided using the `urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:extension:fusionauth:2.0:Error` SCIM schema extension.

<JSON title="Example SCIM Error Response with FusionAuth custom extension schema" src="scim/scim-extended-error-response.json" />

# EnterpriseUser

import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import EnterprisePlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_enterprise-plan-blurb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ScimEnterpriseuserRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/scim/_scim-enterpriseuser-request-body.mdx';
import ScimEnterpriseuserResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/scim/_scim-enterpriseuser-response-body.mdx';
import ScimGroupListResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/scim/_scim-group-list-response-body.mdx';
import ScimResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/scim/_scim-response-codes.astro';

<EnterprisePlanBlurb />

This page contains all of the APIs for managing Users through [SCIM EnterpriseUser](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7643#section-4.3) requests.

## Create an EnterpriseUser

This API is intended to be called by a SCIM Client and is used to create a new FusionAuth User.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/scim/resource/v2/EnterpriseUsers" authentication={["client-credentials"]} title="Create a User"/>

<ScimEnterpriseuserRequestBody http_method="POST" />

### Response

The response for this API contains the User that was just created in SCIM schema format.

<ScimResponseCodes never_missing />

For FusionAuth SCIM endpoints, any error responses will be returned in standard SCIM schema. See more details in the [SCIM API Overview](/docs/apis/scim/).

<ScimEnterpriseuserResponseBody />

## Retrieve an EnterpriseUser

This API is used to retrieve a FusionAuth User in SCIM schema format through a SCIM request.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/scim/resource/v2/EnterpriseUsers/{userId}" authentication={["client-credentials"]} title="Retrieves an EnterpriseUser"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" optional>
    The FusionAuth unique User Id.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


### Response

The response for this API contains the User in SCIM schema format.

<ScimResponseCodes never_webhook_event />

For FusionAuth SCIM endpoints, any error responses will be returned in standard SCIM schema. See more details in the [SCIM API Overview](/docs/apis/scim/).

<ScimEnterpriseuserResponseBody />

## Retrieve EnterpriseUsers

This API is used to retrieve a paginated set of Users with an optional filter.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/scim/resource/v2/EnterpriseUsers" authentication={["client-credentials"]} title="Retrieves users"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="count" type="Integer" optional>
    The number of results to return. Used for pagination.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="excludedAttributes" type="String" optional since="1.39.0">
    A comma separated list of one or more attributes to exclude in the JSON response body.

    For example, a value of `phoneNumbers` will remove the `phoneNumbers` attribute from all Users returned in the response.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="filter" type="String" optional since="1.39.0">
    The optional filter string to limit the Users returned to those matching the filter criteria.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="startIndex" type="Integer" optional>
    The offset into the total results. In order to paginate the results, increment this value by the <InlineField>count</InlineField> for subsequent requests.

    This parameter begins at `1`.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API contains the EnterpriseUsers in SCIM schema format.

<ScimResponseCodes />

For FusionAuth SCIM endpoints, any error responses will be returned in standard SCIM schema. See more details in the [SCIM API Overview](/docs/apis/scim/).

<ScimGroupListResponseBody />

## Update an EnterpriseUser

This API is used to update a new FusionAuth User from a SCIM request. The FusionAuth User will be overwritten by  the data contained in the request. It is not a partial update or a patch.

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/scim/resource/v2/EnterpriseUsers/{userId}" authentication={["client-credentials"]} patchSupported={false} title="Updates an EnterpriseUser from a SCIM request"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" optional>
    The FusionAuth unique User Id.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<ScimEnterpriseuserRequestBody http_method="PUT" />

### Response

The response for this API contains the User that was updated in SCIM schema format.

<ScimResponseCodes />

For SCIM endpoints, error responses will be returned in standard SCIM schema. See more details in the [SCIM API Overview](/docs/apis/scim/).

<ScimEnterpriseuserResponseBody />

## Delete an EnterpriseUser

This API is used to hard delete a FusionAuth User. You must specify the Id of the User on the URI.

The data of a User who has been hard deleted is permanently removed from FusionAuth. The User's data cannot be restored via the FusionAuth API or the administrative user interface. If you need to restore the User's data, you must retrieve it from a database backup.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/scim/resource/v2/EnterpriseUsers/{userId}" authentication={["client-credentials"]} title="Delete a User"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" required>
    The FusionAuth unique User Id.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<ScimResponseCodes is_delete />

For FusionAuth SCIM endpoints, any error responses will be returned in standard SCIM schema. See more details in the [SCIM API Overview](/docs/apis/scim/).

# Group

import EnterprisePlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_enterprise-plan-blurb.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import ScimGroupRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/scim/_scim-group-request-body.mdx';
import ScimResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/scim/_scim-response-codes.astro';
import ScimGroupResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/scim/_scim-group-response-body.mdx';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ScimGroupListResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/scim/_scim-group-list-response-body.mdx';

<EnterprisePlanBlurb />

This page contains all of the APIs for managing Groups through [SCIM Group](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7643#section-4.2) requests.

## Create a Group

This API is intended to be called by a SCIM Client and is used to create a new FusionAuth Group.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/scim/resource/v2/Groups" authentication={["client-credentials"]} title="Create a Group"/>

<ScimGroupRequestBody http_method="POST" />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Group that was just created in SCIM schema format.

<ScimResponseCodes never_missing />

For FusionAuth SCIM endpoints, any error responses will be returned in standard SCIM schema. See more details in the [SCIM API Overview](/docs/apis/scim/).

<ScimGroupResponseBody />

## Retrieve a Group

This API is used to retrieve a FusionAuth Group in SCIM schema format through a SCIM request.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/scim/resource/v2/Groups/{groupId}" authentication={["client-credentials"]} title="Retrieves a Group"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="groupId" type="UUID" optional>
    The FusionAuth unique Group Id.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API contains the Group in SCIM schema format.

<ScimResponseCodes />

For FusionAuth SCIM endpoints, any error responses will be returned in standard SCIM schema. See more details in the [SCIM API Overview](/docs/apis/scim/).

<ScimGroupResponseBody />

## Retrieve Groups

This API is used to retrieve a paginated set of Groups with an optional filter.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/scim/resource/v2/Groups" authentication={["client-credentials"]} title="Retrieve Groups"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="count" type="Integer" optional>
    The number of results to return. Used for pagination.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="excludedAttributes" type="String" optional since="1.39.0">
    A comma separated list of one or more attributes to exclude in the JSON response body.

    For example, a value of `members` will remove the `members` attribute from all Groups returned in the response.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="filter" type="String" optional since="1.39.0">
    The SCIM filter string used to limit the Groups returned to those matching the criteria.

    The use of this parameter is limited when using to filter Groups. The following limitations apply:

    * The `externalId` attribute may be used for an equals comparison
    * The `displayName` attribute may be used with the following operators:
      * `eq` case-insensitive equals
      * `co` case-insensitive contains
      * `sw` case-insensitive starts with
      * `ew` case-insensitive ends with
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="startIndex" type="Integer" optional>
    The offset into the total results. In order to paginate the results, increment this value by the <InlineField>count</InlineField> for subsequent requests.

    This parameter begins at `1`.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API contains the Groups in SCIM schema format.

<ScimResponseCodes />

For FusionAuth SCIM endpoints, any error responses will be returned in standard SCIM schema. See more details in the [SCIM API Overview](/docs/apis/scim/).

<ScimGroupListResponseBody />

## Update a Group

This API is used to update a new FusionAuth Group from a SCIM request. The FusionAuth Group will be overwritten with only the data contained in the request. It is not a partial update or patch.

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/scim/resource/v2/Groups/{groupId}" authentication={["client-credentials"]} title="Updates a Group from a SCIM request"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="groupId" type="UUID" optional>
    The FusionAuth Group Id.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<ScimGroupRequestBody http_method="PUT" />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Group that was updated in SCIM schema format.

<ScimResponseCodes />

For FusionAuth SCIM endpoints, any error responses will be returned in standard SCIM schema. See more details in the [SCIM API Overview](/docs/apis/scim/).

<ScimGroupResponseBody />

## Delete a Group

This API is used to hard delete a FusionAuth Group. You must specify the Id of the Group on the URI.

The data of a Group who has been hard deleted is permanently removed from FusionAuth. The Group's data cannot be restored via the FusionAuth API or the administrative Group interface. If you need to restore the Group's data, you must retrieve it from a database backup.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/scim/resource/v2/Groups/{groupId}" authentication={["client-credentials"]} title="Delete a Group"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="groupId" type="UUID">
    The FusionAuth unique Group Id.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

The DELETE endpoint will return a `204` status code upon success or one of the standard error status codes.

<ScimResponseCodes is_delete />

For FusionAuth SCIM endpoints, any error responses will be returned in standard SCIM schema. See more details in the [SCIM API Overview](/docs/apis/scim/).

# Service Provider

import EnterprisePlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_enterprise-plan-blurb.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import ScimResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/scim/_scim-response-codes.astro';
import ScimResourcetypesResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/scim/_scim-resourcetypes-response-body.mdx';
import ScimSchemasResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/scim/_scim-schemas-response-body.mdx';
import ScimServiceproviderconfigResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/scim/_scim-serviceproviderconfig-response-body.mdx';

<EnterprisePlanBlurb />

This API is used to retrieve information about the configuration of the [FusionAuth SCIM Service Provider as specified in the RFC](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7644#section-3.2).

## Retrieve Resource Types

### Request
<API method="GET" uri="/api/scim/resource/v2/ResourceTypes" authentication={["client-credentials"]} title="Retrieve All Resource Types"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/scim/resource/v2/ResourceTypes/{resourceTypeId}" authentication={["client-credentials"]} title="Retrieve a Resource Type by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="resourceTypeId" type="String" optional>
    The unique Resource Type Id, such as `User`.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API contains the ResourceType(s) in standard SCIM [schema](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7643#section-6).

<ScimResponseCodes />

For FusionAuth SCIM endpoints, any error responses will be returned in standard SCIM schema. See more details in the [SCIM API Overview](/docs/apis/scim/).

<ScimResourcetypesResponseBody />

## Retrieve Schemas

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/scim/resource/v2/Schemas" authentication={["client-credentials"]} title="Retrieve All Schemas"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/scim/resource/v2/Schemas/{schemaId}" authentication={["client-credentials"]} title="Retrieve a Schema by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="schemaId" type="String" optional>
    The unique Schema Id, such as `urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User`.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API contains the Schema definition(s) in standard SCIM [schema](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7643#section-7).

<ScimResponseCodes />

For FusionAuth SCIM endpoints, any error responses will be returned in standard SCIM schema. See more details in the [SCIM API Overview](/docs/apis/scim/).

<ScimSchemasResponseBody />

## Retrieve Service Provider Configuration

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/scim/resource/v2/ServiceProviderConfig" authentication={["client-credentials"]} title="Retrieve Service Provider Configuration"/>

### Response

The response for this API contains the Service Provider Configuration in standard SCIM [schema](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7643#section-5).

<ScimResponseCodes />

For FusionAuth SCIM endpoints, any error responses will be returned in standard SCIM schema. See more details in the [SCIM API Overview](/docs/apis/scim/).

<ScimServiceproviderconfigResponseBody />

# User

import EnterprisePlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_enterprise-plan-blurb.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import ScimUserRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/scim/_scim-user-request-body.mdx';
import ScimResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/scim/_scim-response-codes.astro';
import ScimUserResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/scim/_scim-user-response-body.mdx';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ScimUserListResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/scim/_scim-user-list-response-body.mdx';

<EnterprisePlanBlurb />

This page contains all of the APIs for managing Users through [SCIM User](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7643#section-4.1) requests.

## Create a User

This API is intended to be called by a SCIM Client and is used to create a new FusionAuth User.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/scim/resource/v2/Users" authentication={["client-credentials"]} title="Create a User"/>

<ScimUserRequestBody http_method="POST" />

### Response

The response for this API contains the SCIM User. The exact response will be controlled by the configured SCIM Server User request converter lambda function.

<ScimResponseCodes never_missing />

For FusionAuth SCIM endpoints, any error responses will be returned in standard SCIM schema. See more details in the [SCIM API Overview](/docs/apis/scim/).

<ScimUserResponseBody />

## Retrieve a User

This API is used to retrieve a FusionAuth User in SCIM schema format through a SCIM request.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/scim/resource/v2/Users/{userId}" authentication={["client-credentials"]} title="Retrieves a User"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" optional>
    The FusionAuth unique User Id.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API contains the User in SCIM schema format.

<ScimResponseCodes never_webhook_event />

For FusionAuth SCIM endpoints, any error responses will be returned in standard SCIM schema. See more details in the [SCIM API Overview](/docs/apis/scim/).

<ScimUserResponseBody />

## Retrieve Users

This API is used to retrieve a paginated set of Users with an optional filter.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/scim/resource/v2/Users" authentication={["client-credentials"]} title="Retrieve Users"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="count" type="Integer" optional>
    The number of results to return. Used for pagination.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="excludedAttributes" type="String" optional since="1.39.0">
    A comma separated list of one or more attributes to exclude in the JSON response body.

    For example, a value of `phoneNumbers` will remove the `phoneNumbers` attribute from all Users returned in the response.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="filter" type="String" optional since="1.39.0">
    The optional filter string to limit the Users returned to those matching the filter criteria.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="startIndex" type="Integer" optional>
    The offset into the total results. In order to paginate the results, increment this value by the <InlineField>count</InlineField> for subsequent requests.

    This parameter begins at `1`.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API contains the User in SCIM schema format.

<ScimResponseCodes never_webhook_event />

For FusionAuth SCIM endpoints, any error responses will be returned in standard SCIM schema. See more details in the [SCIM API Overview](/docs/apis/scim/).

<ScimUserListResponseBody />

## Update a User

This API is used to update a new FusionAuth User from a SCIM request. The FusionAuth User will be overwritten by the data contained in the request. It is not a partial update or a patch.

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/scim/resource/v2/Users/{userId}" authentication={["client-credentials"]} patchSupported={false} title="Updates a User"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" optional>
    The FusionAuth unique User Id.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<ScimUserRequestBody http_method="PUT" />

### Response

The response for this API contains the User that was updated in SCIM schema format.

<ScimResponseCodes />

For FusionAuth SCIM endpoints, any error responses will be returned in standard SCIM schema. See more details in the [SCIM API Overview](/docs/apis/scim/).

<ScimUserResponseBody />

## Delete a User

This API is used to hard delete a FusionAuth User. You must specify the Id of the User on the URI.

The data of a User who has been hard deleted is permanently removed from FusionAuth. The User's data cannot be restored via the FusionAuth API or the administrative user interface. If you need to restore the User's data, you must retrieve it from a database backup.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/scim/resource/v2/Users/{userId}" authentication={["client-credentials"]} title="Delete a User"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" required>
    The FusionAuth unique User Id.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<ScimResponseCodes is_delete />

For FusionAuth SCIM endpoints, any error responses will be returned in standard SCIM schema. See more details in the [SCIM API Overview](/docs/apis/scim/).

# OAuth Scopes API

import AdvancedPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_advanced-plan-blurb.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import ScopeRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_scope-request-body.mdx';
import ScopeResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_scope-response-body.mdx';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-scoped-operation.mdx';

<AdvancedPlanBlurb />

<Aside type="version">
  Available since version `1.50.0`
</Aside>

This page contains the APIs for managing the OAuth Scopes of an Application.

## Create an OAuth Scope

This API is used to create an OAuth Scope for an Application. Specifying an Id on the URI will instruct FusionAuth to use that Id when creating the OAuth Scope. Otherwise, FusionAuth will generate an Id for the OAuth Scope.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/application/{applicationId}/scope" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create an OAuth Scope with a randomly generated Id" />

<API method="POST" uri="/api/application/{applicationId}/scope/{scopeId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create an OAuth Scope with a provided unique Id" />

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="scopeId" type="UUID" optional immutable defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new OAuth Scope. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<ScopeRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the information for the OAuth Scope that was created.

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

<ScopeResponseBody />

## Retrieve an OAuth Scope

This API is used to retrieve a single OAuth Scope for an Application by unique Id.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/application/{applicationId}/scope/{scopeId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve an OAuth Scope by Id" />

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="scopeId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the OAuth Scope to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API contains a single OAuth Scope.

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error />

<ScopeResponseBody />

## Update an OAuth Scope

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment capitalized_object_name="OAuth Scope" />

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/application/{applicationId}/scope/{scopeId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update an OAuth Scope by Id" />

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="scopeId" type="UUID" immutable required>
    The Id of the OAuth Scope to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<ScopeRequestBody is_update />

### Response

The response for this API contains the information for the OAuth Scope that was updated.

<StandardPutResponseCodes never_search_error />

<ScopeResponseBody is_update />

## Delete an OAuth Scope

This API is used to permanently delete an OAuth Scope.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/application/{applicationId}/scope/{scopeId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete an OAuth Scope by Id" />

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="scopeId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the OAuth Scope to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes never_search_error />

# System API

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import SystemConfigurationResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_system-configuration-response-body.mdx';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import SystemConfigurationRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_system-configuration-request-body.mdx';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import SystemLogsRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_system-logs-request-body.mdx';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import ReindexRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_reindex-request-body.mdx';
import PrometheusJvmGauges from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_prometheus-jvm-gauges.mdx';

This page contains the APIs that are used for retrieving and updating the system configuration.

## Retrieve the System Configuration

This API is used to retrieve the System Configuration.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/system-configuration" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve the System Configuration"/>

### Response

The response for this API contains the System Configuration.

<StandardGetResponseCodes no_errors never_missing />

<SystemConfigurationResponseBody />

## Update the System Configuration

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment extra_id_verbiage="No Id is required to update this object." capitalized_object_name="System Configuration" />

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/system-configuration" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update the System Configuration"/>

<SystemConfigurationRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the System Configuration.

<StandardPostResponseCodes />

<SystemConfigurationResponseBody />

## Export System Logs

This API is used to export the System Logs, the response will be a compressed zip archive containing the logs from the configured log directory. When running FusionAuth on Docker or other container service where logs are written to `stdout` and not written to the file system, this API will return an empty archive.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/system/log/export?dateTimeSecondsFormat={dateTimeSecondsFormat}&includeArchived=true&zoneId={zoneId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Export the System Logs"/>

When calling the API using a `GET` request you will send the export criteria on the URL using request parameters.

#### Request Parameters

<SystemLogsRequestBody />

<API method="POST" uri="/api/system/log/export" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Export the System Logs"/>

When calling the API using a `POST` request you will send the export criteria in a JSON request body.

#### Request Body

<SystemLogsRequestBody />

<JSON title="Example Request JSON" src="system-logs/post-request.json" />

### Response

The response for this API will contain a compressed zip of the system logs.

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_missing never_search_error success_code="200" success_message='The request was successful. The response will be a compressed archive byte stream with a "Content-Type" of "application/zip".' />

## Retrieve the Logging Level

The Logger API is used to retrieve the current log level for a particular logger by name.

<Aside type="caution">
This API is subject to change and should only be used under instruction from FusionAuth support.
</Aside>

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/logger?name={name}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve the logging level by logger name"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="name" type="String" required>
    The logger name for which you are requesting to retrieve the current logging level.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_missing never_search_error />

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="name" type="String">
    The name of the logger.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="level" type="String">
    The current logging level. Possible values are:

    * `error`
    * `warn`
    * `info`
    * `debug`
    * `trace`
    * `off`
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example JSON Response" src="logger/response.json" />

## Update the Logging Level

This API is used to update the log level for a particular FusionAuth package.

<Aside type="caution">
This API is subject to change and should only be used under instruction from FusionAuth support.
</Aside>

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/logger" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Update the logging level by logger name"/>

#### Request Headers

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Content-Type" type="String" required>
    The request body is expected to be sent using form encoded data. Ensure your HTTP client sends the `Content-Type` request header set to `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="name" type="String" required>
    The logger name for which you are requesting to update the current logging level.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="level" type="String" required>
    The requested logging level. Possible values are:

    * `error`
    * `warn`
    * `info`
    * `debug`
    * `trace`
    * `off`
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_missing never_search_error />

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="level" type="String">
    The logging level. If the request was successful, this value should be equal to the request value. Possible values are:

    * `error`
    * `warn`
    * `info`
    * `debug`
    * `trace`
    * `off`
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example JSON Response" src="logger/response.json" />

## Rebuild the Elasticsearch index


This API is used to rebuild the Elasticsearch index. In general you do not need to rebuild the search index at runtime, and doing will cause additional CPU and I/O overhead to FusionAuth until the request has completed. Please be careful with this API.

This API may be useful if you are building a new FusionAuth environment from an existing database w/out moving over an existing search index. In this scenario you will need to rebuild the search index from the database in order see the Users show up in the UI or use any of the Search APIs.

Beginning in version `1.48.0`, index aliases are used to minimize any disruption to API requests utilizing the search index. In practice this should not affect you, but please be aware that FusionAuth will use the configured index name as an alias, and the actual index name will be suffixed with `_a` or `_b`.

For example, the default name for the user index is `fusionauth_user`. You can expect to see the actual index to be created as `fusionauth_user_a` with an alias added named `fusionauth_user`. Using this same example, when a reindex request is started, a new index named `fusionauth_user_b` will be created, and when the re-index operation is complete the alias `fusionauth_user` will be changed to point to `fusionauth_user_b` and the `fusionauth_user_a` will be deleted.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/system/reindex" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Rebuild the Elasticsearch index"/>

<ReindexRequestBody />

### Response

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_missing success_code="202" success_message="The request was successful. The re-index request has been started. No response body will be returned." />

## Retrieve the status of an index rebuild

This API is used to retrieve the status of a reindex request. This may be useful to identify if an existing re-index operation has been completed.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/system/reindex" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve the status the Elasticsearch reindex operation"/>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes missing_message="A re-index operation is not currently in progress. No response body will be returned." success_code="202" success_message="A re-index operation is currently in progress." />

## Retrieve System Status

The Status API is used to retrieve the current status and metrics for FusionAuth. This is useful for monitoring. For health checks, prefer [the Health API](/docs/apis/system#retrieve-system-health).

By default, this API requires authentication to return full results. If you prefer to allow unauthenticated access to this endpoint from local scrapers, you may set `fusionauth-app.local-metrics.enabled=true`. See the [configuration reference](/docs/reference/configuration) for more info.

If you call this API without an API key, you will receive a status response only.

<Aside type="note">
FusionAuth also supports a system status check [using Prometheus](/docs/operate/monitor/prometheus).
</Aside>

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/status" authentication={["api-key", "basic", "local-bypass", "none"]} title="Return the system status"/>

### Response

This JSON response body varies based on whether you:

* provide an API key
* do not provide an API key
* configure local bypass

When no API key is used and local bypass is not enabled, the response will only include the `status` property.

```json
{
  "status": "ok"
}
```

When retrieved with an API key or if local bypass is enabled, the JSON response from the Status API is complex and subject to change. The only exception is the `version` key.

The `version` key will not change and will be returned as below. As a reminder, an API key is required to obtain this value unless explicitly allowed from `localhost`.

```json
{
  "version": "1.59.0"
}
```

The specific contents of the JSON body are not documented here. If you choose to use this API for monitoring purposes you should primarily use the response code to indicate server health. If you receive a `200` you may consider FusionAuth in a healthy state. The response body is intended for use by FusionAuth support.

_Response Codes_

| Code | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
|------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 200  | FusionAuth is functioning properly                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
| 452  | FusionAuth is failing to make a JDBC connection to the configured database.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
| 453  | The FusionAuth database connection pool connectivity is below the healthy threshold. This means requests are waiting too long to obtain a connection to the database. Additional information may be available in the JSON response which is retrieved when using an API key.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
| 454  | The FusionAuth database connection pool connectivity is below the healthy threshold. Additional information may be available in the JSON response which is retrieved when using an API key.<br/><br/> As of version `1.51.1` this status code will no longer be returned based upon the connectivity health check. In practice you only need to monitor for `452` to ensure FusionAuth is able to connect to the database. {/* eslint-disable-line */}                                                                                                                    |
| 460  | FusionAuth is using Elasticsearch and the search service is reporting an unhealthy cluster status. In a cluster with 2+ nodes, this means the cluster status is being reported as `yellow` or `red`. In a single-node Elasticsearch configuration this means the cluster status is `red.`<br/><br/> As of version `1.51.1` this status code will no longer be returned based upon the Elasticsearch health check. If you are using an external Elasticsearch or OpenSearch service, you will want to monitor that separately from FusionAuth. {/* eslint-disable-line */} |
| 500  | FusionAuth is not functioning properly. This could indicate that the database connectivity failed or one or more services within FusionAuth failed. Consult the FusionAuth [Troubleshooting](/docs/operate/troubleshooting) to learn more about the failure or contact FusionAuth support for assistance.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
## Retrieve System Health

<Aside type="version">
  This API has been available since 1.51.1
</Aside>

The Health API is used to monitor the health of the FusionAuth service. This endpoint is specifically intended for use by a load balancer to understand when FusionAUth is available, live and ready for requests. Prefer this endpoint to the Status API when using it for a load balancer or a Kubernetes readiness check.

This API does not require an API key.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/health" authentication={["none"]} title="Return the system health"/>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

_Response Codes_

| Code | Description                                                                                                                                                   |
|------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 200  | FusionAuth is functioning properly and can accept requests.                                                                                                   |
| 500  | FusionAuth is not functioning properly. This will generally indicate that FusionAuth is not able to communicate with the database or complete I/O operations. |


## Retrieve System Version

The Version API is used to retrieve the current version of FusionAuth.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/system/version" authentication={["api-key", "basic"]} title="Return the FusionAuth system version"/>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_missing never_search_error no_errors />

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="version" type="String">
    The version of the running FusionAuth instance.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

```json title="Example JSON Response"
{
  "version": "1.27.0"
}
```


## Retrieve System Metrics Using Prometheus

This page contains the API that is used for retrieving FusionAuth application metrics to be used with Prometheus. Please refer to the [Prometheus setup](/docs/operate/monitor/prometheus) guide to understand how to set up Prometheus with the FusionAuth metrics endpoint.

By default, this API requires authentication. If you prefer to allow unauthenticated access to this endpoint from local scrapers, you may set `fusionauth-app.local-metrics.enabled=true`. See the  [configuration reference](/docs/reference/configuration) for more info.

<API method="GET" uri="/api/prometheus/metrics" authentication={["api-key", "basic", "local-bypass"]} title="Retrieve FusionAuth application metrics to use with Prometheus"/>

### Request Parameters
There are no request parameters required with this API.

### Response
The response to this API call contains currently available metrics. The metrics in this response are subject to change.

<PrometheusJvmGauges />

```plaintext title="Example Prometheus Response"
  # HELP jvm_memory_heap_committed Generated from Dropwizard metric import (metric=jvm.memory.heap.committed, type=com.codahale.metrics.jvm.MemoryUsageGaugeSet$8)
# TYPE jvm_memory_heap_committed gauge
jvm_memory_heap_committed 5.36870912E8
# HELP jvm_memory_non_heap_used Generated from Dropwizard metric import (metric=jvm.memory.non-heap.used, type=com.codahale.metrics.jvm.MemoryUsageGaugeSet$11)
# TYPE jvm_memory_non_heap_used gauge
jvm_memory_non_heap_used 1.66423384E8
# HELP jvm_memory_pools_CodeHeap__non_profiled_nmethods__used Generated from Dropwizard metric import (metric=jvm.memory.pools.CodeHeap-'non-profiled-nmethods'.used, type=com.codahale.metrics.jvm.MemoryUsageGaugeSet$17)
# TYPE jvm_memory_pools_CodeHeap__non_profiled_nmethods__used gauge
jvm_memory_pools_CodeHeap__non_profiled_nmethods__used 3.0334336E7
# HELP prime_mvc___admin_group_index__requests Generated from Dropwizard metric import (metric=prime-mvc.[/admin/group/index].requests, type=com.codahale.metrics.Timer)
# TYPE prime_mvc___admin_group_index__requests summary
prime_mvc___admin_group_index__requests{quantile="0.5",} 0.0
prime_mvc___admin_group_index__requests{quantile="0.75",} 0.0
prime_mvc___admin_group_index__requests{quantile="0.95",} 0.0
prime_mvc___admin_group_index__requests{quantile="0.98",} 0.0
prime_mvc___admin_group_index__requests{quantile="0.99",} 0.0
prime_mvc___admin_group_index__requests{quantile="0.999",} 0.0
prime_mvc___admin_group_index__requests_count 1.0
```

# Tenants API

import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import TenantCopyRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_tenant-copy-request-body.mdx';
import TenantPasswordValidationRulesResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_tenant-password-validation-rules-response-body.mdx';
import TenantRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_tenant-request-body.mdx';
import TenantResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_tenant-response-body.mdx';
import TenantResponseBodyBase from 'src/content/docs/apis/_tenant-response-body-base.mdx';
import TenantsResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_tenants-response-body.mdx';
import TenantSearchRequestParameters from 'src/content/docs/apis/_tenant-search-request-parameters.mdx';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-scoped-operation.mdx';

A FusionAuth Tenant is a named object that represents a discrete namespace for Users, Applications and Groups. A user is unique by email
address or username within a tenant.

Tenants may be useful to support a multi-tenant application where you wish to use a single instance of FusionAuth but require the ability to
have duplicate users across the tenants
in your own application. In this scenario a user may exist multiple times with the same email address and different passwords across tenants.

Tenants may also be useful in a test or staging environment to allow multiple users to call APIs and create and modify users without
possibility of collision.

The following APIs are provided to manage Tenants.

The following APIs provide a subset of the Tenant configuration without an API Key.

## Create a Tenant

This API is used to create a new Tenant.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/tenant" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Tenant with a randomly generated Id"/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/tenant/{tenantId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Tenant with the provided unique Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="tenantId" type="UUID" optional immutable defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new Tenant. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<TenantRequestBody />

<Aside type="version">
This API has been available since 1.14.0
</Aside>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/tenant" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Tenant from an existing Tenant with a randomly generated Id"/>

<Aside type="version">
This API has been available since 1.14.0
</Aside>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/tenant/{tenantId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Tenant from an existing Tenant with the provided unique Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="tenantId" type="UUID" optional defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new Tenant. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<TenantCopyRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Tenant that was created.

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

<TenantResponseBody />


## Retrieve a Tenant

This API is used to retrieve a single Tenant by unique Id or all of the configured Tenants.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/tenant" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve all of the Tenants"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/tenant/{tenantId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a Tenant by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="tenantId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Tenant to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

### Response

The response for this API contains either a single Tenant or all of the Tenants. When you call this API with an Id the response will
contain a single Tenant. When you call this API without an Id the response will contain all of the Tenants. Both response types are
defined below along with an example JSON response.

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error />

<TenantResponseBody />

<TenantsResponseBody />

## Search for Tenants

<Aside type="version">
This API has been available since 1.45.0
</Aside>

This API is used to search for Tenants and may be called using the `GET` or `POST` HTTP methods. Examples of each are provided below. The `POST` method is provided to allow for a richer request object without worrying about exceeding the maximum length of a URL. Calling this API with either the `GET` or `POST` HTTP method will provide the same search results given the same query parameters.

**Note:** API key authentication must be made using a global API key. The request may not contain the `X-FusionAuth-TenantId` request header. Requests made using an API key scoped to a specific tenant, or containing the `X-FusionAuth-TenantId` request header will fail with a `401` status code.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/tenant/search?name={name}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Tenants"/>

#### Request Parameters

<TenantSearchRequestParameters parameter_prefix='' />

<API method="POST" uri="/api/tenant/search" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Tenants"/>

When calling the API using a `POST` request you will send the search criteria in a JSON request body.

#### Request Body

<TenantSearchRequestParameters parameter_prefix="search." />

<JSON title="Example JSON Request" src="tenants/search-post-request.json" />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Tenants matching the search criteria in paginated format.

<StandardGetResponseCodes authorization_message="You did not supply a valid Authorization header. The header was omitted, your API key was not valid, your API key is scoped to a single tenant, or the request contains a `X-FusionAuth-TenantId` header.  The response will be empty. See <a href='/docs/apis/authentication'>Authentication</a>." never_missing never_search_error />

#### Response Body

<TenantResponseBodyBase base_field_name="tenants[x]" include_total search_result />


## Update a Tenant

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment capitalized_object_name="Tenant" />

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/tenant/{tenantId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update the Tenant with the given Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="tenantId" type="UUID" immutable required>
    The Id of the Tenant to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<TenantRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Tenant that was updated.

<StandardPutResponseCodes never_search_error />

<TenantResponseBody />


## Delete a Tenant

This API is used to permanently delete a Tenant. Deleting a Tenant will delete all Users, Applications and Groups that belong to this
tenant. Proceed with caution.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/tenant/{tenantId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete a Tenant by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="tenantId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Tenant to delete.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="async" type="Boolean" optional defaults="false">
    Set this value to `true` to perform this request asynchronously, this means the API will return a response indicating the request has been accepted and will not wait for the operation to complete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes async_enabled never_search_error />

## Retrieve the Password Validation Rules

<Aside type="version">
This API has been available since 1.8.0
</Aside>

This API is used to retrieve the Password Validation Rules. This configuration is a subset of the Tenant configuration.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/tenant/password-validation-rules/{tenantId}" authentication={["none"]} title="Retrieve the Password Validation Rules"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="tenantId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the tenant.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Password Validation Rules.

*Response Codes*
|Code |Description
| --- | --- |
|200 |The request was successful. The response will contain a JSON body. |
|500 |There was an internal error. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files. The response will be empty. |

<TenantPasswordValidationRulesResponseBody />

# Advanced Themes

import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import ThemeCopyRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/themes/_theme-copy-request-body.mdx';
import ThemePutRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/themes/_theme-put-request-body.mdx';
import ThemeRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/themes/_theme-request-body.mdx';
import ThemeRequestBodySuffix from 'src/content/docs/apis/themes/_theme-request-body-suffix.mdx';
import ThemeResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/themes/_theme-response-body.mdx';
import ThemeResponseBodySuffix from 'src/content/docs/apis/themes/_theme-response-body-suffix.mdx';
import ThemeResponsesBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/themes/_theme-responses-body.mdx';
import ThemeResponsesBodySuffix from 'src/content/docs/apis/themes/_theme-responses-body-suffix.mdx';
import ThemeSearchRequestParameters from 'src/content/docs/apis/themes/_theme-search-request-parameters.mdx';
import ThemeTemplateFields from 'src/content/docs/apis/themes/_theme-template-fields.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.8.0`
</Aside>

UI login themes can be configured to enable custom branding for your FusionAuth login workflow.  Themes are configured per Tenant or optionally by Application.

The following APIs are provided to manage Themes.

## Create an Advanced Theme

This API is used to create a new Theme.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/theme" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a new Theme with a randomly generated Id"/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/theme/{themeId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Theme with the provided unique Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="themeId" type="UUID" optional defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new Theme. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <Aside type="note">
    Note that the rest of this page will assume that the <InlineField>theme.type</InlineField> of this theme is `advanced`.
  </Aside>
  <ThemeRequestBody />
  <ThemeTemplateFields singleRequest />
</APIBlock>

<ThemeRequestBodySuffix />

<API method="POST" uri="/api/theme" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Theme from an existing Theme with a randomly generated Id"/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/theme/{themeId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Theme from an existing Theme with the provided unique Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="themeId" type="UUID" optional defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new Theme. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<ThemeCopyRequestBody />

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error />

<ThemeResponseBody />
<ThemeTemplateFields singleResponse />
<ThemeResponseBodySuffix />


## Retrieve an Advanced Theme

This API is used to retrieve a single Theme by unique Id or all of the Themes.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/theme" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve all of the Themes"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/theme/{themeId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a Theme by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="themeId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Theme to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API contains either a single Theme or all of the Themes. When you call this API with an Id the response will contain a single Theme. When you call this API without an Id the response will contain all of the themes. Both response types are defined below along with an example JSON response.


<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error />

<ThemeResponseBody />

<ThemeTemplateFields singleResponse />
<ThemeResponseBodySuffix />

<Aside type="caution">
  Responses from the theme API can contain [Simple Themes](/docs/apis/themes/simple-themes) as well.
</Aside>
<ThemeResponsesBody />
<ThemeTemplateFields response />
<ThemeResponsesBodySuffix />

## Search for Themes
<Aside type="version">
This API has been available since 1.45.0
</Aside>

This API is used to search for Themes and may be called using the `GET` or `POST` HTTP methods. Examples of each are provided below. The `POST` method is provided to allow for a richer request object without worrying about exceeding the maximum length of a URL. Calling this API with either the `GET` or `POST` HTTP method will provide the same search results given the same query parameters.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/theme/search?name={name}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Themes"/>

#### Request Parameters

<ThemeSearchRequestParameters parameter_prefix="" />

<API method="POST" uri="/api/theme/search" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Themes"/>

When calling the API using a `POST` request you will send the search criteria in a JSON request body.

#### Request Body

<ThemeSearchRequestParameters parameter_prefix="search." />

<JSON title="Example JSON Request" src="themes/search-post-request.json" />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Themes matching the search criteria in paginated format.

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_missing never_search_error />

<Aside type="caution">
  Responses from the theme API can contain [Simple Themes](/docs/apis/themes/simple-themes) as well.
</Aside>
<ThemeResponsesBody include_total />
<ThemeTemplateFields />
<ThemeResponsesBodySuffix include_total />

## Update an Advanced Theme

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment capitalized_object_name="Theme" />

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/theme/{themeId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update the Theme with the given Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="themeId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Theme to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <ThemePutRequestBody />
  <ThemeTemplateFields singleRequest />
</APIBlock>
<ThemeRequestBodySuffix />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Theme that was updated.

<StandardPutResponseCodes />

<ThemeResponseBody />

<ThemeTemplateFields singleResponse />
<ThemeResponseBodySuffix />


## Delete an Advanced Theme

This API is used to permanently delete a Theme.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/theme/{themeId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete a Theme by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="themeId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Theme to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes />

# Simple Themes

import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import ThemeCopyRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/themes/_theme-copy-request-body.mdx';
import ThemePutRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/themes/_theme-put-request-body.mdx';
import ThemeRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/themes/_theme-request-body.mdx';
import ThemeResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/themes/_theme-response-body.mdx';
import ThemeResponsesBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/themes/_theme-responses-body.mdx';
import ThemeResponsesBodySuffix from 'src/content/docs/apis/themes/_theme-responses-body-suffix.mdx';
import ThemeSearchRequestParameters from 'src/content/docs/apis/themes/_theme-search-request-parameters.mdx';
import ThemeVariablesRequest from 'src/content/docs/apis/themes/_theme-simple-variables-request.mdx';
import ThemeVariablesResponse from 'src/content/docs/apis/themes/_theme-simple-variables-response.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.51.0`
</Aside>

Simple UI login themes can be configured to enable custom styling for your FusionAuth login workflow.  Themes are configured per Tenant or optionally by Application.

The following APIs are provided to manage Simple Themes.

## Create a Simple Theme

This API is used to create a new Simple Theme.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/theme" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a new Simple Theme with a randomly generated Id"/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/theme/{themeId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Simple Theme with the provided unique Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="themeId" type="UUID" optional defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new Simple Theme. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <Aside type="note">
    Note that the rest of this page will assume that the <InlineField>theme.type</InlineField> of this theme is `simple`.
  </Aside>
  <ThemeRequestBody simple />
  <ThemeVariablesRequest request={true} />
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Simple Theme Request JSON" src="themes/simple-request.json" />

<API method="POST" uri="/api/theme" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Simple Theme from an existing Simple Theme with a randomly generated Id"/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/theme/{themeId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Simple Theme from an existing Simple Theme with the provided unique Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="themeId" type="UUID" optional defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new Theme. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<ThemeCopyRequestBody simple/>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error />

<ThemeResponseBody simple />
<ThemeVariablesResponse />

<JSON title="Example Simple Theme Response JSON" src="themes/simple-response.json" />


## Retrieve a Simple Theme

This API is used to retrieve a single Theme by unique Id or all of the Themes.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/theme" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve all of the Themes"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/theme/{themeId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a Theme by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="themeId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Theme to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API contains either a single Theme or all of the Themes. When you call this API with an Id the response will contain a single Theme. When you call this API without an Id the response will contain all of the themes. Both response types are defined below along with an example JSON response.

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error />

<ThemeResponseBody simple />
<ThemeVariablesResponse />

<JSON title="Example Simple Theme Response JSON" src="themes/simple-response.json" />

<Aside type="caution">
  Responses from the theme API can contain [Advanced Themes](/docs/apis/themes/advanced-themes) as well.
</Aside>
<ThemeResponsesBody simple />
<ThemeVariablesResponse search />
<ThemeResponsesBodySuffix />

## Search for Themes

This API is used to search for Themes and may be called using the `GET` or `POST` HTTP methods. Examples of each are provided below. The `POST` method is provided to allow for a richer request object without worrying about exceeding the maximum length of a URL. Calling this API with either the `GET` or `POST` HTTP method will provide the same search results given the same query parameters.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/theme/search?name={name}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Themes"/>

#### Request Parameters

<ThemeSearchRequestParameters parameter_prefix="" />

<API method="POST" uri="/api/theme/search" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Themes"/>

When calling the API using a `POST` request you will send the search criteria in a JSON request body.

#### Request Body

<ThemeSearchRequestParameters parameter_prefix="search." />

<JSON title="Example JSON Request" src="themes/search-post-request.json" />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Themes matching the search criteria in paginated format.

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_missing never_search_error />

<Aside type="caution">
  Responses from the theme API can contain [Advanced Themes](/docs/apis/themes/advanced-themes) as well.
</Aside>
<ThemeResponsesBody simple include_total />
<ThemeVariablesResponse search />
<ThemeResponsesBodySuffix simple include_total />

## Update a Simple Theme

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment capitalized_object_name="Theme" />

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/theme/{themeId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update the Theme with the given Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="themeId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Theme to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <ThemePutRequestBody simple />
  <ThemeVariablesRequest request />
</APIBlock>
<JSON title="Example Simple Theme Request JSON" src="themes/simple-request.json" />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Theme that was updated.

<StandardPutResponseCodes />

<ThemeResponseBody simple />

<ThemeVariablesResponse />
<JSON title="Example Simple Theme Response JSON" src="themes/simple-response.json" />


## Delete a Simple Theme

This API is used to permanently delete a Theme.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/theme/{themeId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete a Theme by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="themeId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Theme to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes />

# Multi-Factor API

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import TwoFactorTotpLimits from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_two-factor-totp-limits.mdx';
import PlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_plan-blurb.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-scoped-operation.mdx';
import TwoFactorEnableRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_two-factor-enable-request-body.mdx';
import TwoFactorEnableResponse from 'src/content/docs/apis/_two-factor-enable-response.mdx';
import TwoFactorDisableRequestParameters from 'src/content/docs/apis/_two-factor-disable-request-parameters.mdx';
import TwoFactorDisableRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_two-factor-disable-request-body.mdx';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import TwoFactorStartRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_two-factor-start-request-body.mdx';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import TwoFactorStartResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_two-factor-start-response-body.mdx';
import DeprecatedSince from 'src/components/api/DeprecatedSince.astro';

<PlanBlurb>
Email and SMS multi-factor methods are only available in a paid plan of FusionAuth. Please visit [our pricing page](/pricing) to learn more about paid plans.
</PlanBlurb>

This API controls [multi-factor authentication (MFA)](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/multi-factor-authentication) options.

## Authentication

Some of these operations can use JWT authentication instead of API key authentication. In some cases, when you have a valid <InlineField>twoFactorId</InlineField>, neither a JWT nor an API key is required.

Learn more about [JWT authentication and see examples here](/docs/apis/authentication#jwt-authentication).

## TOTP Implementation

Support for Authy, Google Authenticator and other time based one-time password solutions are not premium features and are included in the Community plan.

<TwoFactorTotpLimits />

## Enable Multi-Factor

This API is used to enable Multi-Factor authentication for a single User. To use this API the User must provide a valid
Multi-Factor verification code.

If using message based delivery, you may [Send a Multi-Factor Code When Enabling MFA](#send-a-multi-factor-code-when-enabling-mfa) to deliver a
code to the User. The User will then provide this code as input.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/user/two-factor/{userId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Enable Multi-Factor Authentication by User Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the User for whom to enable Multi-Factor authentication.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<TwoFactorEnableRequestBody />

<API method="POST" uri="/api/user/two-factor" authentication={["jwt"]} title="Enable Multi-Factor Authentication Using a JWT"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<TwoFactorEnableRequestBody />

### Response

_Response Codes_

| Code | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
|------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 200  | The request was successful. Multi-Factor has been enabled for the User.                                                                                                                                                                 |
| 400  | The request was invalid and/or malformed. The response will contain an [Errors](/docs/apis/errors) JSON Object with the specific errors. This status will also be returned if a paid FusionAuth license is required and is not present. |
| 401  | You did not supply a valid Authorization header. The header was omitted or your API key was not valid. The response will be empty. See [Authentication](/docs/apis/authentication).                                                     |
| 404  | The User does not exist. The response will be empty.                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| 421  | The `code` request parameter is not valid. The response will be empty.                                                                                                                                                                  |
| 500  | There was an internal error. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files. The response will be empty.                                                                                                              |
| 503  | The search index is not available or encountered an exception so the request cannot be completed. The response will contain a JSON body.                                                                                                |


<TwoFactorEnableResponse />

## Disable Multi-Factor

This API is used to disable Multi-Factor authentication for a single User. To use this API the User must provide a valid
Multi-Factor verification code or recovery code.

If using message based delivery, you may [Send a Multi-Factor Code When Disabling MFA](#send-a-multi-factor-code-when-disabling-mfa) to deliver a
code to the User. The User will then provide this code as input.

If a recovery code is provided, all methods will be removed.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/user/two-factor/{userId}?code={code}&methodId={methodId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Disable a single multi-factor method by User Id"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<TwoFactorDisableRequestParameters />

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/user/two-factor/{userId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Disable a single multi-factor method by User Id"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<TwoFactorDisableRequestBody />

<JSON title="Example Request JSON" src="two-factor/disable-request.json" />

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/user/two-factor" authentication={["jwt"]} title="Disable a single multi-factor method using a JWT"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<TwoFactorDisableRequestBody />

<JSON title="Example Request JSON" src="two-factor/disable-request.json" />

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/user/two-factor?code={code}&methodId={methodId}" authentication={["jwt"]} title="Disable a single multi-factor method using a JWT"/>

<TwoFactorDisableRequestParameters />

### Response

_Response Codes_

| Code | Description                                                                                                                                                                         |
|------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 200  | The request was successful. Multi-Factor has been disabled for the User.                                                                                                            |
| 400  | The request was invalid and/or malformed. The response will contain an [Errors](/docs/apis/errors) JSON Object with the specific errors.                                            |
| 401  | You did not supply a valid Authorization header. The header was omitted or your API key was not valid. The response will be empty. See [Authentication](/docs/apis/authentication). |
| 404  | The User does not exist. The response will be empty.                                                                                                                                |
| 421  | The `code` request parameter is not valid. The response will be empty.                                                                                                              |
| 500  | There was an internal error. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files. The response will be empty.                                                          |
| 503  | The search index is not available or encountered an exception so the request cannot be completed. The response will contain a JSON body.                                            |

## Generate a Secret

This API is used to generate a new multi-factor secret for use when enabling multi-factor authentication for a User. This is provided
as a helper to assist you in enabling multi-factor authentication.

If this secret will be used with a QR code to allow the User to scan the value, use the Base32 encoded value returned in the response.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/two-factor/secret" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Generate a multi-factor Secret"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/two-factor/secret" authentication={["jwt"]} title="Generate a multi-factor Secret"/>

### Response

The response for this API contains a Multi-Factor secret suitable for an authenticator like Google Authenticator.

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_missing no_errors />

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="secret" type="String">
    A Base64 encoded secret that may be used to enable Multi-Factor authentication.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="secretBase32Encoded" type="String">
    A Base32 encoded form of the provided secret. This is useful if you need to provide a QR code to the User to enable Multi-Factor authentication.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Response JSON" src="two-factor/secret/response.json" />

## Start Multi-Factor

Starts an multi-factor request. This would be used for only step up auth, such as when sensitive data is requested.

If you want to provide your own code and/or deliver the code out of band using your own delivery mechanism, this is the right API call. Do not combine this with a [Send a Multi-Factor Code During Login or Step Up](#send-a-multi-factor-code-during-login-or-step-up) call, as calling that API will invalidate all other codes associated with the <InlineField>twoFactorId</InlineField>, including any you provide.

To require additional factors during login, [Enable Multi-Factor](#enable-multi-factor) for the User. Then FusionAuth will handle MFA code collection automatically, if you are using the hosted login pages, or send a status code in response to the login API if you are not.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/two-factor/start" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Start multi-factor authentication"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<TwoFactorStartRequestBody />

### Response

<StandardPostResponseCodes missing_message="The User does not exist. The response will be empty." />

<TwoFactorStartResponseBody />

## Retrieve Multi-Factor Status

Retrieves a user's multi-factor status. This is helpful to understand if a user has multi-factor authentication enabled, and if the user will be required to perform a multi-factor challenge during the next login request.

This API may also be used to identify if an existing multi-factor trust value obtained during a multi-factor login is expired, or valid for a specific application when configured to restrict multi-factor trust.

<Aside>
    Since version 1.62.0, prefer the POST method for this endpoint, which provides more information to MFA requirement lambda functions.
</Aside>

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/two-factor/status/{twoFactorTrustId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve multi-factor status"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="String" optional>
    A unique application Id. When Application multi-factor configuration is enabled, providing this parameter will ensure the returned status applies to the expected result when attempting to login into this application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="twoFactorTrustId" type="String" optional>
    The existing multi-factor trust obtained by completing a multi-factor login. This is the value that allows you to bypass multi-factor during the next login attempt.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userId" type="String" required>
    The unique Id of the user for which to retrieve multi-factor status.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/two-factor/status" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve multi-factor status using request payload"/>
<AvailableSince since="1.62.0"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
    <APIField name="action" type="String" optional defaults="login">
        The action the user is attempting to perform. This value may be used by an MFA requirement lambda to determine if multi-factor authentication should be required.

        Valid values are:
        * `changePassword`
        * `login`
        * `stepUp`
    </APIField>
    <APIField name="applicationId" type="String" optional>
        A unique application Id. When Application multi-factor configuration is enabled, providing this parameter will ensure the returned status applies to the expected result when attempting to login into this application.
    </APIField>
    <APIField name="accessToken" type="String" optional>
        An access token (not an Id token) returned by FusionAuth as the result of a successful authentication. The encoded access token will be available in `context.accessToken` in an MFA requirement lambda function. See the [MFA requirement lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/mfa-requirement) documentation. This must be a valid token that was issued and signed by FusionAuth.
    </APIField>
    <APIField name="twoFactorTrustId" type="String" optional>
        The existing multi-factor trust obtained by completing a multi-factor login. This is the value that allows you to bypass multi-factor during the next login attempt.
    </APIField>
    <APIField name="userId" type="String" required>
        The unique Id of the user for which to retrieve multi-factor status.
    </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example POST Request JSON" src="two-factor/status/request.json" />

### Response

Response Codes

| Code | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
|------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 200  | The user does not have multi-factor enabled, a challenge is not required, or the provided trust is still valid for the next login.                                                                                                                                                |
| 242  | The user has multi-factor authentication enabled. Since version `1.42.0`, this status code is also returned when multi-factor authentication is required.  The user will be required to complete a multi-factor challenge during the next login attempt. This status code can also be used to determine whether step up is required.|
| 400  | The request was invalid and/or malformed. The response will contain an [Errors](/docs/apis/errors) JSON Object with the specific errors.                                                                                                             |
| 401  | You did not supply a valid Authorization header. The header was omitted or your API key was not valid. The response will be empty. See [Authentication](/docs/apis/authentication).                                                                  |
| 500  | There was an internal error. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files. The response will be empty.                                                                                                                           |


#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="trusts" type="Array">
    An array of one or more trust configurations.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="twoFactorTrustId" type="String">
    The value provided in the <InlineField>twoFactorTrustId</InlineField> on the request.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Response JSON" src="two-factor/status/response.json" />

## Send a Multi-Factor Code During Login or Step Up

This operation allows you to send a message with a code to finish a Multi-Factor flow, and requires an existing <InlineField>twoFactorId</InlineField>. No API key is required.

This should only be used if you want FusionAuth to send the code. Do not use this if you are sending a code out of band or are using a TOTP based authentication method.

You can use this to re-send a code with the same or a different method. Using this API will invalidate all other codes previously associated with the provided <InlineField>twoFactorId</InlineField>.

Sending a code invalidates all previous codes for the provided `twoFactorId`.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/two-factor/send/{twoFactorId}" authentication={["none"]} title="Send a multi-factor code to complete Multi-Factor Login"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="twoFactorId" type="String" required>
    The <InlineField>twoFactorId</InlineField> returned by the Login API or the Start multi-factor request.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="methodId" type="String" required>
    The Id of the MFA method to be used.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Request JSON" src="two-factor/send/twoFactorId-request.json" />

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardPostResponseCodes success_code="200" success_message="The request was successful." />

## Send a Multi-Factor Code When Enabling MFA

You are enabling MFA for a user. You must provide an API key or a valid JWT for the User you are modifying. This should only be used if you want FusionAuth to send the code. Do not use this if you are using a TOTP based authentication method.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/two-factor/send" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Send a Multi-Factor code to an existing User by Id"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" optional since="1.46.0">
    An optional Application Id. When this value is provided, it will be used to resolve an application-specific email or message template and make `application` available as a template variable.

    If not provided, only the tenant configuration will be used when resolving templates, and `application` will not be available as a template variable.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="email" type="String" optional>
    The email to which send Multi-Factor codes. If the <InlineField>method</InlineField> is equal to `email`, this is required.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="method" type="String" required>
    The type of the MFA method which will be added. The value provided here must be allowed in the Tenant MFA configuration as well.

    Valid values are:

    * `email`
    * `sms`
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="mobilePhone" type="String" optional>
    The mobile phone to which send Multi-Factor codes. If the <InlineField>method</InlineField> is equal to `sms`, this is required.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" required>
    The User Id.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Request JSON" src="two-factor/send/enable-userId-request.json" />


<API method="POST" uri="/api/two-factor/send" authentication={["jwt"]} title="Send a Multi-Factor code to an authenticated User using a JWT"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" optional since="1.46.0">
    An optional Application Id. When this value is provided, it will be used to resolve an application-specific email or message template and make `application` available as a template variable.

    If not provided, only the tenant configuration will be used when resolving templates, and `application` will not be available as a template variable.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="email" type="String" optional>
    The email to which send Multi-Factor codes. If the <InlineField>method</InlineField> is equal to `email`, this is required.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="method" type="String" required>
    The type of the MFA method which will be added. The value provided here must be allowed in the Tenant MFA configuration as well.

    Valid values are:

    * `email`
    * `sms`
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="mobilePhone" type="String" optional>
    The mobile phone to which send Multi-Factor codes. If the <InlineField>method</InlineField> is equal to `sms`, this is required.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Request JSON" src="two-factor/send/enable-jwt-request.json" />

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardPostResponseCodes success_code="200" success_message="The request was successful." />

## Send a Multi-Factor Code When Disabling MFA

You are disabling MFA for a user. You must provide an API key or a valid JWT for the User you are modifying. This should only be used if you want FusionAuth to send the code. Do not use this if you are using a TOTP based authentication method.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/two-factor/send" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Send a Multi-Factor code to an existing User by Id"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" optional since="1.46.0">
    An optional Application Id. When this value is provided, it will be used to resolve an application-specific email or message template and make `application` available as a template variable.

    If not provided, only the tenant configuration will be used when resolving templates, and `application` will not be available as a template variable.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="methodId" type="String" required>
    The Id of the MFA method which will be removed.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" required>
    The User Id of the User to send a Multi-Factor verification code. This User is expected to already have Multi-Factor enabled.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Request JSON" src="two-factor/send/disable-userId-request.json" />

<API method="POST" uri="/api/two-factor/send" authentication={["jwt"]} title="Send a Multi-Factor code to an authenticated User using a JWT"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" optional since="1.46.0">
    An optional Application Id. When this value is provided, it will be used to resolve an application-specific email or message template and make `application` available as a template variable.

    If not provided, only the tenant configuration will be used when resolving templates, and `application` will not be available as a template variable.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="methodId" type="String" required>
    The Id of the MFA method which will be removed.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Request JSON" src="two-factor/send/disable-jwt-request.json" />

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardPostResponseCodes success_code="200" success_message="The request was successful." />

## Generate Recovery Codes

This API is used to generate a list of Recovery Codes. When creating new codes, any existing Recovery Codes will be cleared and the new set will become the current values.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/user/two-factor/recovery-code/{userId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create Recovery Codes"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the user to assign the generated Recovery Codes to.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API contains an array of size 10 of Recovery Codes that were created.

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="recoveryCodes" type="Array<String>">
    The array of Recovery Codes.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Response JSON" src="two-factor/response-with-recovery-codes.json" />

## Retrieve Recovery Codes

This API is used to retrieve Recovery Codes for a User.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user/two-factor/recovery-code/{userId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve Recovery Codes (deprecated)"/>

<DeprecatedSince since="1.64.0">This endpoint is deprecated. To provide access to a user's recovery codes, [generate new recovery codes](/docs/apis/two-factor#generate-recovery-codes) and deliver those</DeprecatedSince>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the User to retrieve Recovery Codes for.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API contains the remaining Recovery Codes that are assigned to the User. Each time one is used it is removed, so this response will contain between 0 and 10 codes.

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error />

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="recoveryCodes" type="Array<String>">
    The array of Recovery Codes.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Response JSON" src="two-factor/response-with-recovery-codes.json" />

# User Action Reason API

import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import UserActionReasonRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_user-action-reason-request-body.mdx';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import UserActionReasonResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_user-action-reason-response-body.mdx';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import UserActionReasonsResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_user-action-reasons-response-body.mdx';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';

This page contains the APIs that are used to manage user action reasons. Here are the APIs:

## Create a User Action Reason

This API is used to create an User Action Reason. Specifying an Id on the URI will instruct FusionAuth to use that Id when creating the User Action Reason. Otherwise, FusionAuth will generate an Id for the User Action Reason.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/user-action-reason" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a User Action Reason with a randomly generated Id"/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/user-action-reason/{userActionReasonId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a User Action Reason with the given Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userActionReasonId" type="UUID" optional defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new User Action Reason. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<UserActionReasonRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the information for the User Action Reason that was created.

<StandardPostResponseCodes />

<UserActionReasonResponseBody />


## Retrieve a User Action Reason

This API is used to retrieve one or all of the configured User Action Reasons. Specifying an Id on the URI will retrieve a single User Action Reason. Leaving off the Id will retrieve all of the User Action Reasons.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user-action-reason" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve all of the User Action Reasons"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user-action-reason/{userActionReasonId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a User Action Reason by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userActionReasonId" type="UUID" optional>
    The Id of the User Action Reason to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API contains either a single User Action Reason or all of the User Action Reasons. When you call this API with an Id the response will contain just that User Action Reason. When you call this API without an Id the response will contain all of the User Action Reasons. Both response types are defined below along with an example JSON response.

<StandardGetResponseCodes />

<UserActionReasonResponseBody />

<UserActionReasonsResponseBody />


## Update a User Action Reason

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment capitalized_object_name="User Action Reason" />

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/user-action-reason/{userActionReasonId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update the User Action Reason by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userActionReasonId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the User Action Reason to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<UserActionReasonRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the new information for the User Action Reason that was updated.

<StandardPutResponseCodes />

<UserActionReasonResponseBody />


## Delete a User Action Reason

This API is used to delete an User Action Reason. You must specify the Id of the User Action Reason on the URI.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/user-action-reason/{userActionReasonId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete a User Action Reason by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userActionReasonId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the User Action Reason to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes />

# User Action API

import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import UserActionRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_user-action-request-body.mdx';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import UserActionResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_user-action-response-body.mdx';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import UserActionsResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_user-actions-response-body.mdx';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';

This page contains the APIs for managing user actions. This API does not cover actually actioning users. Instead, this is the CRUD API to manage the user action definitions.

If you want to apply an existing user action to a user, see the [Actioning Users API](/docs/apis/actioning-users) and the guide on [how to use User Actions](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/user-actions).

Here are the APIs:

## Create a User Action

This API is used to create an User Action. Specifying an Id on the URI will instruct FusionAuth to use that Id when creating the User Action. Otherwise, FusionAuth will generate an Id for the User Action.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/user-action" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a User Action with a randomly generated Id"/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/user-action/{userActionId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a User Action with the provided unique Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userActionId" type="UUID" optional immutable defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new User Action. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<UserActionRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the information for the User Action that was created.

<StandardPostResponseCodes />

<UserActionResponseBody />


## Retrieve a User Action

This API is used to retrieve one or all of the configured User Actions. Specifying an Id on the URI will retrieve a single User Action. Leaving off the Id will retrieve all of the User Actions.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user-action" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve all of the User Actions"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user-action/{userActionId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a User Action by Id"/>


#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userActionId" type="UUID" optional>
    The Id of the User Action to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API contains either a single User Action or all of the User Actions. When you call this API with an Id the response will contain just that User Action. When you call this API without an Id the response will contain all of the User Actions. Both response types are defined below along with an example JSON response.

<StandardGetResponseCodes />

<UserActionResponseBody />

<UserActionsResponseBody />


## Update a User Action

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment capitalized_object_name="User Action" />

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/user-action/{userActionId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update a User Action by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userActionId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the User Action to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<UserActionRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the new information for the User Action that was updated.

<StandardPutResponseCodes />

<UserActionResponseBody />


## Delete a User Action

This API is used to delete an User Action. You must specify the Id of the User Action on the URI.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/user-action/{userActionId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Soft delete a User Action. This operation can be reversed by re-activating the User Action."/>

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/user-action/{userActionId}&hardDelete=true" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Permanently delete a User Action. This operation cannot be reversed."/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userActionId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the User Action to delete.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="hardDelete" type="Boolean" optional>
    Whether or not the User Action is soft or hard deleted.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes />


## Reactivate a User Action

This API is used to reactivate an inactive User Action. You must specify the Id of the Application on the URI.

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/user-action/{userActionId}?reactivate=true" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Reactivate the User Action"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userActionId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the User Action to reactivate.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API contains the information for the User Action that was reactivated.

<StandardGetResponseCodes />

<UserActionResponseBody />

# User Comment API

import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-scoped-operation.mdx';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import UserCommentSearchRequestParameters from 'src/content/docs/apis/_user-comment-search-request-parameters.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';

This page contains the APIs that are used for managing comments left by admins on user accounts.

## Add a Comment to a User

This API is used to add a User Comment to a User's account. User Comments are used to allow administrators and moderators the ability to take notes on Users.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/user/comment" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Add a User Comment"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userComment.comment" type="String" required>
    The text of the User Comment.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userComment.commenterId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the User that wrote the User Comment.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userComment.userId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the User that the User Comment was written for.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Request JSON" src="user-comments/request.json" />

### Response

The response for this API contain the User Comment that was added to the User's account.

<StandardPostResponseCodes />

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userComment.comment" type="String">
    The text of the User Comment.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userComment.commenterId" type="UUID">
    The Id of the User that wrote the User Comment.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userComment.createInstant" type="Long" deprecated>
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) when the comment was written. This was deprecated in 1.18.0. Use `insertInstant` instead.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userComment.insertInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) when the comment was written.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userComment.id" immutable type="UUID">
    The Id of the User Comment.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userComment.userId" type="UUID">
    The Id of the User that the User Comment was written for.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Response JSON" src="user-comments/response.json" />


## Retrieve a User's Comments

This API is used to retrieve all of the User Comments on a User's account. User Comments are used to allow administrators and moderators the ability to take notes on Users.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user/comment/{userId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve all Comments for a User by Id"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the User to retrieve the User Comments for.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


### Response

The response for this API contains all of the User Comments for the User.

<StandardGetResponseCodes />

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userComments" type="Array">
    The list of User Comment objects.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userComments[x].comment" type="String">
    The text of the User Comment.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userComments[x].commenterId" type="UUID">
    The Id of the User that wrote the User Comment.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userComments[x].createInstant" type="Long" deprecated>
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) when the comment was written. This was deprecated in 1.18.0. Use `insertInstant` instead.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userComments[x].id" type="UUID">
    The Id of the User Comment.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userComments[x].insertInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) when the comment was written.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userComments[x].userId" type="UUID">
    The Id of the User that the User Comment was written for.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Response JSON" src="user-comments/responses.json" />

## Search for User Comments

<Aside type="version">
This API has been available since 1.45.0
</Aside>

This API is used to search for User Comments and may be called using the `GET` or `POST` HTTP methods. Examples of each are provided below. The `POST` method is provided to allow for a richer request object without worrying about exceeding the maximum length of a URL. Calling this API with either the `GET` or `POST` HTTP method will provide the same search results given the same query parameters.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user/comment/search?comment={comment}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for User Comments"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

### Request Parameters

<UserCommentSearchRequestParameters parameter_prefix="" />

<API method="POST" uri="/api/user/comment/search" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for User Comments"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

When calling the API using a `POST` request you will send the search criteria in a JSON request body.

### Request Body

<UserCommentSearchRequestParameters parameter_prefix="search." />


### Response

The response for this API contains the User Comments matching the search criteria in paginated format and the total number of results matching the search criteria.

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_missing never_search_error />

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="total" type="Integer">
    The total number of User Comments matching the search criteria. Use this value along with the <InlineField>numberOfResults</InlineField> and <InlineField>startRow</InlineField> in the search request to perform pagination.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userComments" type="Array">
    The list of User Comment objects.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userComments[x].comment" type="String">
    The text of the User Comment.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userComments[x].commenterId" type="UUID">
    The Id of the User that wrote the User Comment.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userComments[x].id" type="UUID">
    The Id of the User Comment.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userComments[x].insertInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) when the comment was written.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userComments[x].userId" type="UUID">
    The Id of the User that the User Comment was written for.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Response JSON" src="user-comments/search-response.json" />

# User API

import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import DeprecatedSince from 'src/components/api/DeprecatedSince.astro';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import ImportUsersRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_import-users-request-body.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import LoginIdField from 'src/content/docs/apis/_login-id-field.mdx';
import LoginIdTypeField from 'src/content/docs/apis/_login-id-type-field.mdx';
import LoginMetadataDevice from 'src/content/docs/apis/_login-metadata-device.mdx';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import PremiumPlanBlurbApi from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb-api.astro';
import EnterprisePlanBlurbApi from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_enterprise-plan-blurb-api.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import SearchPreprocessingWarning from "src/content/docs/_shared/_search-preprocessing-warning.mdx";
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import StandardPutResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-put-response-codes.astro';
import UserBulkDeleteRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_user-bulk-delete-request-body.mdx';
import UserBulkDeleteResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_user-bulk-delete-response-body.mdx';
import UsersRefreshTokensRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_users-refresh-tokens-request-body.mdx';
import UserRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_user-request-body.mdx';
import UserResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_user-response-body.mdx';
import UserSearchRequestBodyDatabaseExamples from 'src/content/docs/apis/_user-search-request-body-database-examples.mdx';
import UserSearchRequestBodyElasticsearchExamples from 'src/content/docs/apis/_user-search-request-body-elasticsearch-examples.mdx';
import UserSearchRequestParameters from 'src/content/docs/apis/_user-search-request-parameters.mdx';
import UsersResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_users-response-body.mdx';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderAmbiguousOperation from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-ambiguous-operation.mdx';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderCreateOperation from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-create-operation.mdx';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-scoped-operation.mdx';
import ChangePassPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_change-pass-post-response-codes.astro';
import ChangePassGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_change-pass-get-response-codes.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

This page contains all of the APIs for managing users.

## Create a User

This API is used to create a new User.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/user" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a User with a randomly generated Id"/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/user/{userId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a User with the provided unique Id"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderCreateOperation />

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" optional immutable defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new User. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<UserRequestBody http_method="POST" />

### Response

The response for this API contains the User that was just created. The password, salt and other sensitive fields will not be returned on the API response.

<StandardPostResponseCodes webhook_event create_user />

<UserResponseBody create_user />

## Retrieve a User

This API is used to retrieve the information about a single User. You can use the User's Id, username or email address to retrieve the User. The Id is specified on the URI and the username or email are specified as URL parameters.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user/{userId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a User by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the User to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user?loginId={loginId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a User by login Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="loginId" type="String" required>
    The unique Id of the User to retrieve. The loginId can be either the email or username.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user?loginId={loginId}&loginIdTypes={type1}[&loginIdTypes={type2}]" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a User by login Id and login Id types"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <LoginIdField login_id_type_field="loginIdTypes"/>
  <LoginIdTypeField plural />
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderAmbiguousOperation />

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user?email={email}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a User by email"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="email" type="String" required>
    The email of the User to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderAmbiguousOperation />

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user?username={username}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a User by username"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="username" type="String" required>
    The username of the User to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderAmbiguousOperation />

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user?changePasswordId={changePasswordId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a User by Change Password Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="changePasswordId" type="String" required>
    The change password Id associated with the user when the Forgot Password workflow has been started.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user?verificationId={verificationId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a User by Verification Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="verificationId" type="String" required>
    The verification Id associated with the user when the Email or Phone number verification process has been started.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

### Response

The response for this API contains the User.

<StandardGetResponseCodes />

<UserResponseBody retrieve_user />

## Update a User

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment capitalized_object_name="User" />

If you specify a new password for the User, it will be encrypted and stored. However, if you do not provide a new password, the User's old password will be preserved. This is the only field that is merged during an update using the `PUT` method.

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/user/{userId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update the User with the given Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" immutable required>
    The Id of the User to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<UserRequestBody http_method="PUT" />

### Response

The response for this API contains the User that was updated. The password hash and other sensitive fields are never returned on the API response.

<StandardPutResponseCodes webhook_event />

<UserResponseBody update_user />


## Delete a User

This API is used to delete a User. You must specify the Id of the User on the URI. You can also specify whether or not the User is soft or hard deleted. A soft delete deactivates the User. A hard delete permanently deletes a User's data.

Soft deleted users are marked as inactive but not deleted from FusionAuth. Deactivated users have their data retained but they are unable to authenticate. Users who have been deactivated can be reactivated; see [Reactivate a User](#reactivate-a-user) for more.

The data of a User who has been hard deleted is permanently removed from FusionAuth. The User's data cannot be restored via the FusionAuth API or the administrative user interface. If you need to restore the User's data, you must retrieve it from a database backup.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/user/{userId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Deactivate a User (Soft Delete)"/>
<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/user/{userId}?hardDelete=true" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Permanently Delete a User"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the User to delete.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="hardDelete" type="Boolean" optional defaults="false">
    To Permanently delete a user from FusionAuth set this value to `true`. Once a user has been permanently deleted, the action cannot be undone. When this value is set to `false` the user is marked as inactive and the user will be unable log into FusionAuth. This action may be undone by reactivating the user.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes webhook_event />

## Bulk Delete Users
This API is used to deactivate or delete multiple users in a single request.

<Aside type="note">
This API has some limitations when FusionAuth is configured to use the database as the user search engine.  These limitations are noted on the impacted request parameters below.
</Aside>

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/user/bulk?userId={userId}&userId={userId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Deactivate Users by User Id"/>

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/user/bulk?queryString={queryString}&dryRun=false&limit=10000" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Deactivate Users by Search Query String"/>

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/user/bulk?query={query}&dryRun=false&limit=10000" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Deactivate Users by Raw JSON Search Query"/>

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/user/bulk?userId={userId}&userId={userId}&hardDelete=true" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Permanently Delete Users by User Id"/>

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/user/bulk?queryString={queryString}&hardDelete=true&dryRun=false&limit=10000" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Permanently Delete Users by Search Query String"/>

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/user/bulk?query={query}&hardDelete=true&dryRun=false&limit=10000" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Permanently Delete Users by Raw JSON Search Query"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="dryRun" type="Boolean" optional defaults="false">
    To preview the user Ids to be deleted by the request without applying the requested action set this value to `true`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="hardDelete" type="Boolean" optional defaults="false">
    To Permanently delete a user from FusionAuth set this value to `true`. Once a user has been permanently deleted, the action cannot be undone. When this value is set to `false` the user is marked as inactive and the user will be unable log into FusionAuth. This action may be undone by reactivating the user.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="limit" type="Integer" optional defaults="10,000" since="1.48.0">
    The maximum number of users to delete in one call.

    You may use this parameter to process deletes in batches in order to limit individual request processing time and the number of user Ids on the response.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="query" type="String" optional since="1.13.0">
    The raw JSON Elasticsearch query that is used to search for Users. The <InlineField>userId</InlineField>, <InlineField>query</InlineField>, and <InlineField>queryString</InlineField>  parameters are mutually exclusive, they are listed here in order of precedence.

    It is necessary to use the <InlineField>query</InlineField> parameter when querying against `registrations` in order to achieve expected results, as this field is defined as a [nested datatype](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/6.3/nested.html) in the Elasticsearch mapping.

    <Aside type="note" title="Database search engine">
      This parameter is not compatible with the database search engine, it may only be used when Elasticsearch is configured as the user search engine.
    </Aside>
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<APIField name="queryString" type="String" optional since="1.13.0">
  The Elasticsearch query string that is used to search for Users to be deleted. The <InlineField>userId</InlineField>, <InlineField>query</InlineField>, and <InlineField>queryString</InlineField>  parameters are mutually exclusive, they are listed here in order of precedence.

  <SearchPreprocessingWarning/>

  <Aside type="note" title="Database search engine">
    The Elasticsearch query string DSL is not supported for the database search engine.  Database search limits effective queries to single search terms that may match the following fields on the User:
    * `firstName`
    * `lastName`
    * `fullName`
    * `email`
    * `username`

    The following is an example bulk delete request with a `queryString` value that is compatible with the database search engine:

    `DELETE /api/user/bulk?queryString=jared%40fusionauth.io`
  </Aside>
</APIField>


<APIField name="userId" type="UUID" optional>
  The Id of the User to delete. Repeat this parameter for each user to be deleted. The <InlineField>userId</InlineField>, <InlineField>query</InlineField>, and <InlineField>queryString</InlineField>  parameters are mutually exclusive, they are listed here in order of precedence.
</APIField>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/user/bulk" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Bulk delete using the request body. This allows for larger requests than are possible using request parameters."/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<UserBulkDeleteRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the information for the Users that were affected by the request.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes success_code="200" success_message="The request was successful. The response will contain a JSON body." webhook_event />

<UserBulkDeleteResponseBody />

## Reactivate a User

This API is used to reactivate an inactive Users. You must specify the Id of the User on the URI.

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/user/{userId}?reactivate=true" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Reactivate the User"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the User to reactivate.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

### Response

The response for this API contains the information for the User that was reactivated.

<StandardPutResponseCodes webhook_event />

<UserResponseBody />


## Import Users

This API is used to bulk import multiple Users into FusionAuth. Each User must have at least an **email** or a **username**, and a **password** (plaintext or hash). If you don't have the User's password, you can set this field to a long random string and require the User to reset their password at their next login. This request is useful for migrating data from an existing database into FusionAuth. Additionally, you can provide an Id for each User inside the JSON User object of the request body. When using this API, the recommended batch size per request is dependent on deployment scale (note: 100,000 users per request is a reasonable batch size for a production capable deployment). After completing an import, you should [reindex the Elasticsearch database](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search#reindexing-elasticsearch) as well.

You should not make multiple calls to this API in parallel. Multiple sequential calls to this API are fine.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/user/import" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Import Multiple Users"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderCreateOperation />

<ImportUsersRequestBody />

### Response

Only a status code is available on the Import API, no JSON body will be returned.

<StandardPostResponseCodes webhook_event />

## Password Hashes

Password hashes can be imported into FusionAuth. This allows users to transparently use their old passwords while at no time exposing the plaintext password. This section contains details about importing specific password hashes.

You can also learn more about hashes in the [password hashing reference](/docs/reference/password-hashes), and you can [implement your own custom hash](/docs/extend/code/password-hashes/custom-password-hashing) as well.

### Encoding

The standard FusionAuth password hashing schemes require the password hash to be a base64 encoded string.  If your password hashes are encoded in a different format, they will need to either be converted and imported as base64, or you can create a custom plugin using an alternative encoding.  You can see an example of converting below.

It is recommended to use a base64 encoded string, but if importing hashes from a legacy system that uses base16, base32, or another encoding, import the hash in the same format the plugin produces.

<RemoteCode lang="ruby" title="Example of Converting a Base16 Password Hash Value to Base64"
            url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-scripts/main/import-helpers/convert-md5-hexadecimal-to-base64.rb" />

### Bcrypt

When importing a bcrypt hash, you may have a value such as:

`$2a$10$N9qo8uLOickgx2ZMRZoMyeIjZAgcfl7p92ldGxad68LJZdL17lhWy`

This single string represents the bcrypt version, factor, salt and hash.

The number before the final `$` is the factor, the 22 characters after the final `$` is the salt and the last 31 characters are the hash.

For the above bcrypt hash, `10` is the factor and should be placed in the <InlineField>factor</InlineField> field.  `N9qo8uLOickgx2ZMRZoMye` is the salt and should be placed in the <InlineField>salt</InlineField> field.  `IjZAgcfl7p92ldGxad68LJZdL17lhWy` is the hash value and should be placed in the <InlineField>password</InlineField> field.

### MD5

When importing an MD5 password hash, you may not have a salt. If this is the case, use the empty string, `''`, as the salt. You may still use the salted MD5 plugin provided by FusionAuth.

MD5 is commonly stored in hexadecimal format, such as `25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad`. The FusionAuth Import Users API requires imported password hashes to be base64 encoded. Convert any hexadecimal values to base64 before importing, or the import will not work.

Here is an example ruby script to convert hexadecimal values to base64 encoded:

<RemoteCode lang="ruby" title="Convert a Hexadecimal Password Hash Value to Base64"
            url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-scripts/main/import-helpers/convert-md5-hexadecimal-to-base64.rb" />


## Import Refresh Tokens

<Aside type="version">
Available Since Version 1.19.0
</Aside>

This API is used to import refresh tokens from an external system, this would generally be done during an initial user import or as an auxiliary step during a migration strategy.

Before using this API, create the Users, Applications and User Registrations. A validation error will be returned if the user does not exist, or is not registered for the application.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/user/refresh-token/import" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Import Refresh Tokens"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderCreateOperation />

<UsersRefreshTokensRequestBody />

### Response

The response does not contain a body, the HTTP status code will indicate the result of the request.

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_missing never_search_error success_code="200" success_message="The request was successful." />

## Search for Users

This API is used to search for Users.
This API may be called using the `GET` or `POST` HTTP methods, examples of each are provided below.
The `POST` method is provided to allow for a richer request object without worrying about exceeding the maximum length of a URL.
Calling this API with either the `GET` or `POST` HTTP method will provide the same search results given the same query parameters.

### Request

Which search query parameters are available and how they behave depends on the search engine type. Read more about [the different types of search engines](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/users#user-search).

### Database Search Engine

This is a good choice for [smaller installs, embedded scenarios, or other places where the additional capability of Elasticsearch is not required](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/users#database-search-engine).

<Aside type="version">
Available Since Version 1.16.0
</Aside>


<API method="GET" uri="/api/user/search?ids={uuid}&ids={uuid}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Users by Id"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user/search?queryString={queryString}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Users by a query string"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user/search?queryString={queryString}&sortFields[0].name={name}&sortFields[0].order={order}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Users by a query string and sort the response"/>

#### Request Parameters

<UserSearchRequestParameters query_string_request database_search_engine_type parameter_prefix="" />

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<API method="POST" uri="/api/user/search" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Users using a JSON request body. This allows for larger requests than are possible using request parameters."/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Body

<UserSearchRequestParameters database_search_engine_type parameter_prefix="search." />

##### Request Body Examples

<UserSearchRequestBodyDatabaseExamples />

### Elasticsearch Search Engine

The Elasticsearch engine has [advanced querying capabilities and better performance](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/users#elasticsearch-search-engine). You can also review the [Elasticsearch search guide](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search/user-search-with-elasticsearch) for more examples.

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user/search?ids={uuid}&ids={uuid}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Users by Id"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user/search?queryString={queryString}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Users by a query string"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user/search?queryString={queryString}&sortFields[0].name={name}&sortFields[0].order={order}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Users by a query string and sort the response"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user/search?query={query}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Users by a raw JSON query"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user/search?nextResults={nextResults}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Users with a nextResults token"/>

#### Request Parameters

<UserSearchRequestParameters query_string_request elasticsearch_search_engine_type parameter_prefix='' />

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<API method="POST" uri="/api/user/search" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Users using a JSON request body. This allows for larger requests than are possible using request parameters."/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Body

<UserSearchRequestParameters elasticsearch_search_engine_type parameter_prefix="search." />

##### Request Body Examples

<UserSearchRequestBodyElasticsearchExamples />

### Response

The response contains the User objects that were found as part of the lookup or search. Both the database and Elasticsearch search engines return the response in the same format.

<StandardGetResponseCodes />

<UsersResponseBody search_result />


## Flush the Search Engine

This API is used to issue a flush request to the FusionAuth Search. This will cause any cached data to be written to disk. In practice it is unlikely
 you'll find a need for this API in production unless you are performing search requests immediately following an operation that modifies the index and
  expecting to see the results immediately.

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/user/search" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Flushes the Search Engine"/>

### Response

The response does not contain a body. It only contains one of the status codes below.

<StandardPostResponseCodes />


## Retrieve Recent Logins

<Aside type="version">
Available Since Version 1.4.0
</Aside>

This API is used to retrieve recent logins.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user/recent-login?limit={limit}&offset={offset}&userId={userId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve recent logins"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="limit" type="Integer" optional defaults="10">
    This parameter indicates the maximum amount of logins to return for a single request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="offset" type="Integer" optional defaults="0">
    This parameter provides the offset into the result set. Generally speaking if you wish to paginate the results, you will increment this parameter on subsequent API request by the size of the `limit` parameter.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" optional>
    This parameter will narrow the results to only logins for a particular user. When this parameter is omitted, the most recent logins for all of FusionAuth will be returned.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

### Response

The response will contain recent logins containing no more than the value set by the `limit` parameter. By design, this API does not return the total number of results and only lets paginate through the results from newest to oldest.

<StandardGetResponseCodes />

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="logins" type="Array">
    A list of recent logins.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="logins[x].applicationId" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the application that is represented by this login record.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="logins[x].applicationName" type="String">
    The name of the application at the time this record was created.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="logins[x].instant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) this login occurred.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="logins[x].ipAddress" type="String">
    The IP address if provided during the login request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="logins[x].location.city" type="String" since="1.30.0">
    The city where the login request originated.

<EnterprisePlanBlurbApi feature="login location" />

  </APIField>
  <APIField name="logins[x].location.country" type="String" since="1.30.0">
    The country where the login request originated.

<EnterprisePlanBlurbApi feature="login location" />

  </APIField>
  <APIField name="logins[x].location.latitude" type="Double" since="1.30.0">
    The latitude where the login request originated.

<EnterprisePlanBlurbApi feature="login location" />

  </APIField>
  <APIField name="logins[x].location.longitude" type="Double" since="1.30.0">
    The longitude where the login request originated.

<EnterprisePlanBlurbApi feature="login location" />

  </APIField>
  <APIField name="logins[x].location.region" type="String" since="1.30.0">
    The geographic location where the login request originated.

<EnterprisePlanBlurbApi feature="login location" />

  </APIField>
  <APIField name="logins[x].location.zipcode" type="String" since="1.30.0">
    The zipcode where the login request originated.

<EnterprisePlanBlurbApi feature="login location" />

  </APIField>
  <APIField name="logins[x].loginId" type="String">
    The User's email address or username at the time of the login request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="logins[x].userId" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the user that is represented by this login record.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Response JSON" src="users/recent-logins-response.json" />

## Verify a User's Email

This API is used to mark a User's email as verified. This is usually called after the User receives the verification email after they register and they click the link in the email. To verify a User's phone number identity, see the [Identity Verify API](/docs/apis/identity-verify).

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/user/verify-email" authentication={["none"]} title="Verifies the User's email address using the verificationId."/>
<API method="POST" uri="/api/user/verify-email/{verificationId}" authentication={["none"]} title="Verifies the User's email address using the verificationId."/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="verificationId" type="String" required deprecated>
    The verification Id generated by FusionAuth used to verify the User's registration is valid by ensuring they have access to the provided email address.

    <DeprecatedSince since="1.28.0">
    This value can still be provided on the URL segment as shown in the above example, but it is recommended you send this value in the request body instead using the <InlineField>verificationId</InlineField> field. If the value is provided in the URL segment and in the request body, the value provided in the request body will be preferred.
    </DeprecatedSince>
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="oneTimeCode" type="String" optional since="1.27.0">
    The short code used to verify the User's account is valid by ensuring they have access to the provided email address. This field is required when the email <InlineField>verification strategy</InlineField> on the Tenant is set to `Form field`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="verificationId" type="String" required since="1.27.0">
    The verification Id generated by FusionAuth used to verify the User's account is valid by ensuring they have access to the provided email address.

    When using the `Form field` strategy for Email verification, this value is used along with the `oneTimeCode` as a pair to verify the email address.

    If the <InlineField>verificationId</InlineField> is provided in the URL segment and in the request body, the value provided in the request body will be preferred.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<Aside type="version">
Available since version 1.37.0
</Aside>

This API can be used to mark a user as verified without requiring the user to actually complete a verification process.

<API method="POST" uri="/api/user/verify-email" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Administratively verify the User's email address."/>

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userId" type="String" required>
    The unique Id of the user to mark verified.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response does not contain a body. It only contains one of the status codes below.

<StandardPutResponseCodes>
    <Fragment slot="forbidden-message">The verify email functionality has been disabled. See <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Email -> Email verification settings</Breadcrumb> in the FusionAuth admin UI.</Fragment>
</StandardPutResponseCodes>

## Resend Verification Email

This API is used to resend the verification email to a User. This API is useful if the User has deleted the email, or the verification Id has expired. By default, the verification Id will expire after 24 hours. You can modify this duration in the Tenant settings.

### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/user/verify-email?applicationId={applicationId}&email={email}" authentication={["none"]} title="Resend the verification email"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="String" optional since="1.21.0">
    The Id of the application. If valid, the email or message template configured in the Application settings will be used, if present. If not present, the template configured in the Tenant settings will be used. In either case, the corresponding Application object will be available to the template.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="email" type="String" required>
    The email address used to uniquely identify the User.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderAmbiguousOperation />

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/user/verify-email?applicationId={applicationId}&email={email}&sendVerifyEmail={sendVerifyEmail}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Resend the verification email using an API key"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="String" optional since="1.21.0">
    The Id of the application. If valid, the email or message template configured in the Application settings will be used, if present. If not present, the template configured in the Tenant settings will be used. In either case, the corresponding Application object will be available to the template.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="email" type="String" required>
    The email address used to uniquely identify the User.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="sendVerifyEmail" type="Boolean" optional defaults="true">
    If you would only like to generate a new <InlineField>verificationId</InlineField> and return it in the JSON body without FusionAuth attempting to send the User an email
    set this optional parameter to `false`.

    This may be useful if you need to integrate the Email Verification process using a third party messaging service.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderAmbiguousOperation />

### Response

When authenticated using an API key a response body will be provided. If an API key was not used to authenticate the request no body is returned.

<StandardPutResponseCodes success_code="200" success_message="The request was successful. The response will contain a JSON body if an API key was used for authentication. If no API key was provided no response body will be returned." />

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="verificationId" type="String">
    The email verification Id that was generated by this API request. This identifier may be used by the [Verify a User's Email](#verify-a-users-email) API.
    This field is only returned in the JSON response body if the request was authenticated using an API key, if an API key is not used no response body is returned.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="verificationOneTimeCode" type="String">
    Depending on your tenant configuration, this may be returned. The verification One Time Code is used with the gated Email Verification workflow. The user enters this code to verify their email.

<PremiumPlanBlurbApi feature="gated email" />


  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


<JSON title="Example Response JSON" src="users/resend-verify-email-response.json" />

## Start Forgot Password Workflow

This API is used to start the forgot password workflow for a single User.

For example, on your login form you may have a button for _Forgot your password_. This would be the API you would call to initiate the request for the user. If the email configuration is complete, the user will be sent the forgot password email containing a link containing the `changePasswordId`. The provided link should take the user to a form that allows them to change their password. This form should contain a hidden field for the `changePasswordId` generated by this API.

By default the `changePasswordId` is valid to be used with the [Change Password](#change-a-users-password) API for 10 minutes. If a `404` is returned when using this Id to change the password, the workflow
will need to be started again to generate a new identifier. This duration can be modified using the Tenant API or in the FusionAuth UI.

You may optionally authenticate this request with an API key to allow for some additional request parameters and the generated `changePasswordId` will be returned in the JSON body. This may be helpful if you wish to use your own email system or you have an alternative method to call the [Change Password](#change-a-users-password) API.

<Aside type="note">
If FusionAuth sends an email to the user, it will either use the `email` top level property on the user or it will use a custom data attribute named `email` as well (i.e. `data.email`). This allows you to have a user that has no email address for login or allow distinct users to share email addresses.
</Aside>

### Request

Calling this API without an API key always attempts to send a message to the user. If FusionAuth is unable to deliver a message based on the resolved identity and tenant configuration, a forgot password workflow will not be started.

<API method="POST" uri="/api/user/forgot-password" authentication={["none"]} title="Start the forgot password workflow without an API Key."/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderAmbiguousOperation />

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" optional since="1.21.0">
    The Id of the application. If valid, the email or message template configured in the Application settings will be used, if present. If not present, the template configured in the Tenant settings will be used. In either case, the corresponding Application object will be available to the template.
  </APIField>
  <LoginIdField hide_canonical_details login_id_type_field="loginIdTypes" required />
  <LoginIdTypeField plural optional />
  <APIField name="state" type="Object" optional>
    An optional object that will be returned un-modified when you complete the forgot password request using the [Change a User's Password API](#change-a-users-password). This may be useful to return the user to particular state once they complete the password change.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Request JSON" src="users/forgot-password-request.json" />

<API method="POST" uri="/api/user/forgot-password" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Start the forgot password workflow using an API key"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderAmbiguousOperation />

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" optional since="1.21.0">
    The Id of the application. If valid, the email or message template configured in the Application settings will be used, if present. If not present, the template configured in the Tenant settings will be used. In either case, the corresponding Application object will be available to the template.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="changePasswordId" type="String" optional>
    The optional change password Id to be used on the [Change a User's Password](#change-a-users-password) API.

    It is recommended to omit this parameter and allow FusionAuth to generate the identifier. Use this parameter only if you must supply your own value for integration into existing systems.
  </APIField>
  <LoginIdField hide_canonical_details login_id_type_field="loginIdTypes" required />
  <LoginIdTypeField plural optional />
  <APIField name="sendForgotPasswordEmail" type="Boolean" optional defaults="true" deprecated>
    Whether or not calling this API should attempt to send the user an email using the configured Forgot Password email template. Setting this to `false` will begin the Forgot Password workflow without sending an email and only create the `changePasswordId`, this may be useful if you want to send an email outside of FusionAuth, or complete this workflow without the use of email.

    <Aside type="version" title="Available since 1.43.0">
      When setting this to `false` you will not be required to have configured the Forgot Password email template in the FusionAuth tenant. Prior to `1.43.0`, even when setting this to `false`, the Tenant would be required to have configured the Forgot Password email template.
    </Aside>

    <DeprecatedSince since="1.59.0">Prefer using the new <InlineField>sendForgotPasswordMessage</InlineField> field.</DeprecatedSince>
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="sendForgotPasswordMessage" type="Boolean" optional defaults="true" since="1.59.0">
    Determines whether a forgot password message is sent to the user. Setting this to `true` will cause a message to be sent. Setting this to `false` will begin the Forgot Password workflow without sending a message and only create the `changePasswordId`, which may be useful if you want to send a message outside of FusionAuth, or complete this workflow without the use of email/SMS.

    The template and delivery method are based on the type of the identity resolved by the request.

    * FusionAuth will attempt to deliver the message via SMS when the provided login Id and type resolve to a phone number identity. This requires <InlineField>tenant.phoneConfiguration.forgotPasswordTemplateId</InlineField> to be configured, otherwise the request will fail.
    * If the provided login Id and type resolve to an email or username identity, FusionAuth will attempt to deliver the message via email. This requires <InlineField>tenant.emailConfiguration.forgotPasswordEmailTemplateId</InlineField> to be configured, otherwise the request will fail.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="state" type="Object" optional>
    An optional object that will be returned un-modified when you complete the forgot password request. This may be useful to return the user to particular state once they complete the password change.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Request JSON" src="users/forgot-password-request-advanced.json" />

### Response

{/*
this 'response codes' header has extra spacing, but to fix we'd have to convert the below table into a HTML table inside an astro component, like we did with astro/src/content/docs/apis/_change-pass-response-codes.astro
*/}
__Response Codes__
|Code |Description |
| --- | --- |
|200 |The request was successful. A JSON response body will be provided when authenticated using an API key, when the API key has been omitted from the request, no response body is provided. |
|400 |The request was invalid and/or malformed. The response will contain an [Errors](/docs/apis/errors) JSON Object with the specific errors. |
|401 |You did not supply a valid Authorization header. The header was omitted or your API key was not valid. The response will be empty. See [Authentication](/docs/apis/authentication). |
|403 |The forgot password functionality has been disabled. This is caused by an administrator setting the Forgot Password Email Template to the option _Feature Disabled. No template selected._ in the Tenant Email configuration. See <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Email -> Template settings</Breadcrumb> in the FusionAuth admin UI. |
|404 |The User could not be found. |
|422 |The User does not have an email address, this request cannot be completed. Before attempting the request again add an email address to the user. |
|500 |There was an internal error. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files. |
|503 |The search index is not available or encountered an exception so the request cannot be completed. The response will contain a JSON body.| |

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="changePasswordId" type="String">
    The change password Id that was generated by this API request. This identifier may be used by the [Change a User's Password](#change-a-users-password) API. This field is only returned in the JSON response body if the request was authenticated using an API key, if an API key is not used no response body is returned.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Response JSON" src="users/forgot-password-response.json" />

## Validate a password change

### Request

This API is used to validate whether a request to [change a user's password](#change-a-users-password) will require MFA (via a `trustToken`). There are 3 ways to call the endpoint:
1. Validate a `changePasswordId` without authentication
2. Validate user password change using a JWT
3. Validate user password change using a `loginId` with API key

The first case will also verify that a `changePasswordId` is valid. This usage is generally intended to be part of an email or SMS workflow and does not require authentication. The `changePasswordId` used on this API request will have been previously generated by the [Start Forgot Password API](#start-forgot-password-workflow) or by using the Forgot Password workflow on the FusionAuth login page. Use this API to validate the `changePasswordId` before requesting a password change.

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user/change-password/{changePasswordId}" authentication={["none"]} title="Validate a changePasswordId" />

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
    <APIField name="changePasswordId" type="String" required>
        The `changePasswordId` that is used to identify the user after the [Start Forgot Password workflow](#start-forgot-password-workflow) has been initiated.
    </APIField>
    <APIField name="ipAddress" type="String" optional since="1.62.0">
        The IP address of the end-user that is changing their password. If this value is omitted FusionAuth will attempt to obtain the IP address of
        the client, the value will be that of the `X-Forwarded-For` header if provided or the last proxy that sent the request. This value may be used by an MFA requirement lambda to determine if multi-factor authentication should be required.
    </APIField>
    <Aside>
        Since version 1.62.0, the metadata fields below may be used by an MFA requirement lambda to determine if multi-factor authentication should be required.
    </Aside>
    <LoginMetadataDevice since="1.62.0"/>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

The "Validate user password change using a JWT or `loginId`" cases are used to verify whether MFA is required to change a user's password based solely on the user's JWT or `loginId`. It does not validate a specific `changePasswordId` and is instead meant to validate whether MFA is required before [changing the user's password](#change-a-users-password) using a JWT or `loginId`.

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user/change-password" authentication={["jwt"]} title="Validate user password change using a JWT" />

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
    <APIField name="ipAddress" type="String" optional since="1.62.0">
        The IP address of the end-user that is changing their password. If this value is omitted FusionAuth will attempt to obtain the IP address of
        the client, the value will be that of the `X-Forwarded-For` header if provided or the last proxy that sent the request. This value may be used by an MFA requirement lambda to determine if multi-factor authentication should be required.
    </APIField>
    <Aside>
        Since version 1.62.0, the metadata fields below may be used by an MFA requirement lambda to determine if multi-factor authentication should be required.
    </Aside>
    <LoginMetadataDevice since="1.62.0"/>
</APIBlock>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/user/change-password?loginId={loginId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Validate user password change using a loginId" />

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
    <LoginIdField
        hide_canonical_details
        login_id_type_field="loginIdTypes"
        required />
    <LoginIdTypeField plural optional since="1.61.0" />
    <APIField name="ipAddress" type="String" optional since="1.62.0">
        The IP address of the end-user that is changing their password. If this value is omitted FusionAuth will attempt to obtain the IP address of
        the client, the value will be that of the `X-Forwarded-For` header if provided or the last proxy that sent the request. This value may be used by an MFA requirement lambda to determine if multi-factor authentication should be required.
    </APIField>
    <Aside>
        Since version 1.62.0, the metadata fields below may be used by an MFA requirement lambda to determine if multi-factor authentication should be required.
    </Aside>
    <LoginMetadataDevice since="1.62.0"/>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

### Response

This JSON response body will only be returned when a validation error occurs.

A successful response will not contain a response body.

<ChangePassGetResponseCodes/>

## Change a User's Password

This API is used to change the User's password.

This API may be used as the second part of the [Start Forgot Password workflow](#start-forgot-password-workflow). For example, after the User is sent an email or SMS message that contains a link to a web form that allows them to update their password you will call this API with the `changePasswordId` and their updated password. If the `changePasswordId` is valid then the User's password will be updated.

This API may also be used separately from the [Start Forgot Password workflow](#start-forgot-password-workflow) by omitting the `changePasswordId` and using the `loginId` instead.

By default the `changePasswordId` is valid for 10 minutes after it was generated. If a `404` is returned when using the change password Id, the workflow will need to be started again to generate a new identifier. This duration can be modified using the [Tenant API](/docs/apis/tenants) or in the admin UI.


<Aside type="note">
When this API successfully completes, all refresh tokens and outstanding Change Password Ids (i.e. `changePasswordId`) currently assigned to the user will be expired or revoked. This means
that if a user is using a refresh token they will be forced to re-authenticate with their new password.
</Aside>


### Request

This usage is generally intended to be part of an email or SMS workflow and does not require authentication. The `changePasswordId` used on this API request will have been previously generated by the [Start Forgot Password workflow](#start-forgot-password-workflow) or by using the Forgot Password workflow on the FusionAuth login page.

<API method="POST" uri="/api/user/change-password" authentication={["none"]} title="Change a User’s password using the change password Id"/>
<API method="POST" uri="/api/user/change-password/{changePasswordId}" authentication={["none"]} title="Change a User’s password using the change password Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="changePasswordId" type="String" required deprecated>
    The `changePasswordId` that is used to identify the user after the [Start Forgot Password workflow](#start-forgot-password-workflow) has been initiated.

    If this `changePasswordId` was sent via an email to the User by FusionAuth during User create in order to set up a new password, or as part of a Forgot Password request, then successful use of this identifier to change the User's password will implicitly complete Email Verification if not already verified and the Tenant configuration has enabled implicit email verification.

    <DeprecatedSince since="1.33.0">
    This value can still be provided on the URL segment as shown in the above example, but it is recommended you send this value in the request body instead using the <InlineField>changePasswordId</InlineField> field. If the value is provided in the URL segment and in the request body, the value provided in the request body will be preferred.
    </DeprecatedSince>
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="changePasswordId" type="String" required since="1.33.0">
    The `changePasswordId` that is used to identify the user after the [Start Forgot Password workflow](#start-forgot-password-workflow) has been initiated.

    If this `changePasswordId` was sent via an email to the User by FusionAuth during User create in order to set up a new password, or as part of a Forgot Password request, then successful use of this identifier to change the User's password will implicitly complete Email Verification if not already verified and the Tenant configuration has enabled implicit email verification.

    If the <InlineField>changePasswordId</InlineField> is provided in the URL segment and in the request body, the value provided in the request body will be preferred.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="currentPassword" type="String" optional>
    The User's current password. When this parameter is provided the current password will be verified to be correct.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="password" type="String" required>
    The User's new password.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="trustChallenge" type="String" optional since="1.33.0">
    This field is marked optional because it is only required when the user has enabled two-factor authentication, and a `trustChallenge` was provided on the Two-Factor Start API request. When a user has enabled two-factor authentication this field becomes required if a `trustChallenge` was provided on the Two-Factor Start API request. When required, this value must be equal to the value provided to the Two-Factor Start API.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="trustToken" type="String" optional since="1.33.0">
    This field is marked optional, because it is only required when the user has enabled two-factor authentication. When a user has enabled two-factor authentication this field becomes required when attempting to change a password using the `changePasswordId`.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example JSON Request" src="users/change-password-request.json" />

This usage requires an API key and allows you to change any user's password if you have a unique login Id.

<API method="POST" uri="/api/user/change-password" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Changes a User's password using a login Id."/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderAmbiguousOperation />

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID" optional since="1.30.0">
    An optional Application Id. When this value is provided, it will be used to resolve an application specific email or message template if you have configured transactional notifications such as setup password, email verification and others.

    If not provided, only the tenant configuration will be used when resolving templates.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="currentPassword" type="String" optional>
    The User's current password. When this parameter is provided the current password will be verified to be correct.
  </APIField>
  <LoginIdField
    hide_canonical_details
    login_id_type_field="loginIdTypes"
    required
    footer={
      <span>When this value is provided it should be in place of the `changePasswordId` request parameter. If both the `changePasswordId` and `loginId` are provided on the request, the `changePasswordId` will take precedence.</span>
    }
  />
  <LoginIdTypeField plural optional />
  <APIField name="password" type="String" required>
    The User's new password.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="trustChallenge" type="String" optional since="1.33.0">
    This field is marked optional because it is only required when the user has enabled two-factor authentication, and a `trustChallenge` was provided on the Two-Factor Start API request. When a user has enabled two-factor authentication this field becomes required if a `trustChallenge` was provided on the Two-Factor Start API request. When required, this value must be equal to the value provided to the Two-Factor Start API.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="trustToken" type="String" optional since="1.33.0">
    This field is marked optional, because it is only required when the user has enabled two-factor authentication. When a user has enabled two-factor authentication this field becomes required when attempting to change a password using the `changePasswordId`.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example JSON Request" src="users/change-password-request-api-key.json" />

<Aside type="version">
Available Since Version 1.5.0
</Aside>

This API will use a JWT as authentication. See [JWT Authentication](/docs/apis/authentication#jwt-authentication) for examples of how you can send the JWT to FusionAuth.

A common use case for using this API with a JWT will be if you want to allow the user to change their own password. Specifically if you are attempting to perform this request in a frontend  browser that cannot store an API key.

Because changing a User's password will revoke all existing refresh tokens if you allow the user to change their password they will need to re-authenticate to stay logged into your application if you are utilizing JWTs and Refresh Tokens.

For this reason, this API will return a `oneTimePassword` that is intended to be used programatically after a Change Password request completes to keep the user logged in and provide a better user experience. A successful login will return you a new access token (JWT) and a refresh token. This will allow you to make the change password workflow seamless to the user.

<API method="POST" uri="/api/user/change-password" authentication={["jwt"]} title="Change a User's password using a JWT"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="currentPassword" type="String" required>
    The User's current password. This is required when using a JWT to change your password.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="password" type="String" required>
    The User's new password.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="refreshToken" type="String" optional>
    The user's existing refresh token. If you have access to your current refresh token, it can be provided in the request body using this parameter. If the `refresh_token` cookie also exists and is present on the request it will take precedence over this parameter.

    This parameter is used to determine if the `oneTimePassword` that is returned from this API will be eligible to request a refresh token when used by the Login API. If this parameter is not provided and no cookie is found on the request, a refresh token will not be provided on the Login response when using the returned `oneTimePassword`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="trustChallenge" type="String" optional since="1.33.0">
    This field is marked optional because it is only required when the user has enabled two-factor authentication, and a `trustChallenge` was provided on the Two-Factor Start API request. When a user has enabled two-factor authentication this field becomes required if a `trustChallenge` was provided on the Two-Factor Start API request. When required, this value must be equal to the value provided to the Two-Factor Start API.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="trustToken" type="String" optional since="1.33.0">
    This field is marked optional, because it is only required when the user has enabled two-factor authentication. When a user has enabled two-factor authentication this field becomes required when attempting to change a password using the `changePasswordId`.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example JSON Request" src="users/change-password-request.json" />

### Response

<ChangePassPostResponseCodes />

#### Response Body

This JSON response body will only be returned when using a `changePasswordId` parameter or a JWT to change the password.

When calling this API with an API key no response body will be returned.

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="oneTimePassword" type="String" since="1.5.0">
    A one time password that can be used as a substitute for your `loginId` and `password` on the Login API.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="state" type="Object" since="1.5.0">
    An optional object that is returned un-modified when the forgot password request is completed. This may be useful to return the user to particular state once they complete the password change.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Response JSON" src="users/change-password-response.json" />

# WebAuthn API

import LicensedPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_licensed-plan-blurb.mdx';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import ImportWebauthnRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_import-webauthn-request-body.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import LoginResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_login-response-codes.mdx';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import UserResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_user-response-body.mdx';
import WebauthnAuthenticateCompleteRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_webauthn-authenticate-complete-request-body.mdx';
import WebauthnAuthenticateStartRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_webauthn-authenticate-start-request-body.mdx';
import WebauthnAuthenticateStartResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_webauthn-authenticate-start-response-body.mdx';
import WebauthnRegisterCompleteRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_webauthn-register-complete-request-body.mdx';
import WebauthnRegisterStartRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_webauthn-register-start-request-body.mdx';
import WebauthnRegisterStartResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_webauthn-register-start-response-body.mdx';
import WebauthnResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_webauthn-response-body.mdx';
import WebauthnsResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_webauthns-response-body.mdx';
import XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-header-scoped-operation.mdx';
import XFusionauthTenantIdRequired from 'src/content/docs/apis/_x-fusionauth-tenant-id-required.mdx';

<LicensedPlanBlurb version="1.52.0" />

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.41.0`
</Aside>

This page contains all of the APIs for managing WebAuthn passkeys, sometimes referred to as credentials, and starting and completing WebAuthn ceremonies.

The following APIs are provided to manage WebAuthn passkeys.

## Retrieve a Passkey

This API is used to retrieve information about a single WebAuthn passkey or all of a user's registered passkeys.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/webauthn/{id}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a single Passkey by Id"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="id" type="UUID" required noborder>
    The unique Id of the WebAuthn passkey to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/webauthn?userId={userId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve all Passkeys belonging to a User"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the User to retrieve WebAuthn passkeys for.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API contains either a single Passkey or all of the Passkeys belonging to a User. When you call this API with an Id, the response will contain just that Passkey. When you call this API without an Id and provide a User Id in the query string, the response will contain all of the Passkeys belonging to that User. Both response types are defined below along with an example JSON response.

<StandardGetResponseCodes />

<WebauthnResponseBody />

<WebauthnsResponseBody />

## Delete a Passkey

This API is used to delete a single WebAuthn passkey or all of a user's registered passkeys.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/webauthn/{id}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete a single Passkey by Id"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="id" type="UUID" required noborder>
    The unique Id of the WebAuthn passkey to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/webauthn?userId={userId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete all Passkeys belonging to a User"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the User to delete WebAuthn passkeys for.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes />

## Import Passkeys

This API is used to bulk import multiple passkeys into FusionAuth. Reasonable defaults are provided for optional fields. This request is useful for migrating data from an existing database into FusionAuth.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/webauthn/import" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Import Multiple Passkeys"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdRequired />

<ImportWebauthnRequestBody />

### Response

Only a status code is available on the Import API, no JSON body will be returned.

<StandardPostResponseCodes />

## WebAuthn JavaScript API Binary Format
The [WebAuthn JavaScript API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Authentication_API) `navigator.credentials.create()` and `navigator.credentials.get()` expect to receive fields containing binary data on the `options` object as a JavaScript [ArrayBuffer](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/ArrayBuffer) and will return binary fields as ``ArrayBuffer``s. In order to prevent encoding issues on the FusionAuth API, these fields are passed over the network as base64url-encoded strings.

Select fields on the `options` JSON object that is passed to the [WebAuthn JavaScript API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Authentication_API) must be converted from base64url-encoded strings to ``ArrayBuffer``s after receiving `options` from the FusionAuth API. Likewise, certain fields on [WebAuthn JavaScript API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Authentication_API) responses must be converted from ``ArrayBuffer``s to base64url-encoded strings before calling FusionAuth's APIs to complete the ceremony.

### Converting base64url-encoded String to `ArrayBuffer`
Converting a base64url-encoded strings to ``ArrayBuffer``s is required before the `options` JSON object from [Start a WebAuthn Passkey Registration](#start-a-webauthn-passkey-registration) or [Start a WebAuthn Passkey Assertion or Authentication](#start-a-webauthn-passkey-assertion-or-authentication) responses are passed to the [WebAuthn JavaScript API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Authentication_API). The FusionAuth hosted pages will perform this conversion as necessary. If you need to perform this conversion yourself, you can use the following JavaScript function.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-javascript-webauthn/main/base64url-to-buffer.js"
            lang="javascript"
            title="Function to convert a base64url-encoded string to an ArrayBuffer" />

Fields that require this conversion are documented in the [Start a WebAuthn Passkey Registration](#start-a-webauthn-passkey-registration) and [Start a WebAuthn Passkey Assertion or Authentication](#start-a-webauthn-passkey-assertion-or-authentication) response sections.

### Converting `ArrayBuffer` to base64url-encoded String
Converting ``ArrayBuffer``s to base64url-encoded strings is required before the responses from the [WebAuthn JavaScript APIs](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Authentication_API) are sent to FusionAuth's [Complete a WebAuthn Passkey Registration](#complete-a-webauthn-passkey-registration), [Complete a WebAuthn Passkey Authentication](#complete-a-webauthn-passkey-authentication), or [Complete a WebAuthn Passkey Assertion](#complete-a-webauthn-passkey-assertion) APIs. The FusionAuth hosted pages will perform this conversion as necessary. If you need to perform this conversion yourself, you can use the following JavaScript function.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-javascript-webauthn/main/buffer-to-base64url.js"
            lang="javascript"
            title="Function to convert an ArrayBuffer to a base64url-encoded string" />

Fields that require this conversion are documented in the [Complete a WebAuthn Passkey Registration](#complete-a-webauthn-passkey-registration), [Complete a WebAuthn Passkey Authentication](#complete-a-webauthn-passkey-authentication), and [Complete a WebAuthn Passkey Assertion](#complete-a-webauthn-passkey-assertion) request sections.

## Start a WebAuthn Passkey Registration

This API is used to start a WebAuthn registration ceremony by providing some details about the current user and the new passkey. The response is a JSON object which is suitable to be passed to the [WebAuthn JavaScript API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Authentication_API) `navigator.credentials.create()` function and includes a one-time challenge unique to the current registration ceremony.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/webauthn/register/start" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Start a WebAuthn Registration Ceremony and Retrieve Passkey Creation Options"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<WebauthnRegisterStartRequestBody />

### Response

<StandardPostResponseCodes />

<WebauthnRegisterStartResponseBody />

## Complete a WebAuthn Passkey Registration

This API is used to complete a WebAuthn registration ceremony by providing the values returned from the [WebAuthn JavaScript API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Authentication_API) call. The API will validate the request against configured passkey requirements for the workflow and the one-time challenge generated and returned by [Start a WebAuthn Passkey Registration](#start-a-webauthn-passkey-registration).

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/webauthn/register/complete" authentication={["none"]} title="Complete a WebAuthn Registration Ceremony and Return Passkey Details"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<WebauthnRegisterCompleteRequestBody />

### Response

<StandardPostResponseCodes omit_missing_header />

<WebauthnResponseBody />

## Start a WebAuthn Passkey Assertion or Authentication

This API is used to start a WebAuthn authentication ceremony by providing some details about the current user and the new passkey. The response is a JSON object which is suitable to be passed to the [WebAuthn JavaScript API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Authentication_API) `navigator.credentials.get()` function and includes a one-time challenge unique to the current ceremony. This same API is used to start a WebAuthn assertion that validates a passkey signature without authenticating the user.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/webauthn/start" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Start a WebAuthn Authentication Ceremony and Retrieve Passkey Request Options"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<WebauthnAuthenticateStartRequestBody />

### Response

<StandardPostResponseCodes />

<WebauthnAuthenticateStartResponseBody />

## Complete a WebAuthn Passkey Authentication
This API is used to complete a WebAuthn authentication ceremony by providing the values returned from the [WebAuthn JavaScript API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Authentication_API) call. The API will validate the request against configured passkey requirements for the workflow and the one-time challenge generated and returned by [Start a WebAuthn Passkey Assertion or Authentication](#start-a-webauthn-passkey-assertion-or-authentication).

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/webauthn/login" authentication={["none"]} title="Complete a WebAuthn Authentication Ceremony"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

#### Request Cookies

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="fusionauth.trust" type="String" optional>
    The Multi-Factor Trust identifier returned by the Multi-Factor Login API response. This value may be provided to bypass the Multi-Factor challenge when a User has Multi-Factor enabled. When this cookie exists on the request it will take precedence over the <InlineField>twoFactorTrustId</InlineField> if provided in the request body.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<WebauthnAuthenticateCompleteRequestBody />

### Response
The response for this API contains the User object.

<LoginResponseCodes />

<UserResponseBody login_response />

## Complete a WebAuthn Passkey Assertion
This API is used to validate a WebAuthn authentication ceremony by providing the values returned from the [WebAuthn JavaScript API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Authentication_API) call, but it does not authenticate the user. This API can be used to confirm that a user has access to a particular passkey without authenticating them.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/webauthn/assert" authentication={["none"]} title="Assert a WebAuthn Authentication Ceremony"/>

<XFusionauthTenantIdHeaderScopedOperation />

<WebauthnAuthenticateCompleteRequestBody />

### Response
The response for this API contains the WebAuthn passkey used to complete the assertion.

<StandardPostResponseCodes omit_missing_header />

<WebauthnResponseBody />

# Webhook Event Log API

import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import WebhookAttemptLogResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_webhook-attempt-log-response-body.mdx';
import WebhookEventLogResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_webhook-event-log-response-body.mdx';
import WebhookEventLogSearchResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_webhook-event-log-search-response-body.mdx';

<Aside type="version">
This API has been available since `1.53.0`
</Aside>

The Webhook Event Log contains a record of [Events](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events) sent by FusionAuth, including request payloads. It also records attempts to send the event payload to [Webhook](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks) and [Kafka](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/kafka) endpoints.

Test events sent through the FusionAuth admin UI are not recorded in the Webhook Event Log.

This page contains the APIs that are used to retrieve Webhook Event Logs and associated attempt details. Here are the APIs:

## Retrieve a Webhook Event Log

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/system/webhook-event-log/{logId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a Webhook Event Log by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="logId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Webhook Event Log to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error />

<WebhookEventLogResponseBody />

## Retrieve a Webhook Attempt Log

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/system/webhook-attempt-log/{logId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a Webhook Attempt Log by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="logId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Id of the Webhook Attempt Log to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error />

<WebhookAttemptLogResponseBody />

## Search Webhook Event Logs

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/system/webhook-event-log/search?event={event}&start={start}&end={end}&eventType={eventType}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Searches the Webhook Event Logs using the given search criteria"/>

When calling the API using a `GET` request you will send the search criteria on the URL using request parameters. In order to simplify the example URL above, not every possible parameter is shown, however using the provided pattern you may add any of the documented request parameters to the URL.

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="end" type="Long" optional defaults="current time rounded up to the minute">
    The end [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) of the date/time range to search within.

    If the current time is 2:01:01, this default would be 2:02:00.

    Prior to version `1.57.0` this field did not have a default.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="event" type="String" optional>
    The string to search in the Webhook Event Log request body for. This can contain wildcards using the asterisk character (`*`). If no wildcards are present, this parameter value will be interpreted as `*value*`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="eventResult" type="String" optional>
    The overall result of a [transactional](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events#transaction-compatibility) event. Possible values are:
     * `Running` - The default state after an event is fired.
     * `Succeeded` - The transactional event was successful, and pending database changes were committed. Non-transactional events are transitioned to this state immediately after the event payload is sent to all recipients regardless of the response.
     * `Failed` - The transactional event was unsuccessful, and pending database changes were rolled back.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="eventType" type="String" optional>
    The event type.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="numberOfResults" type="Integer" optional defaults="25">
    The number of results to return from the search.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="orderBy" type="String" optional defaults="insertInstant DESC">
    The database column to order the search results on plus the order direction.

    The possible values are:

     * `eventResult` - the overall result of the event
     * `eventType` - the event type
     * `id` - the unique Id of the Webhook Event Log
     * `insertInstant` - the [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) when the Webhook Event Log was created
     * `lastAttemptInstant` - the [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) when the last attempt was made to deliver the event
     * `linkedObjectId` - the unique Id of the object associated with this event
     * `sequence` - the system-assigned event sequence

    For example, to order the results by the insert instant in a descending order, the value would be provided as `insertInstant DESC`. The final string is optional can be set to `ASC` or `DESC`.

    Prior to version `1.57.0` this defaults to `sequence DESC`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="start" type="Long" optional defaults="one hour ago rounded down to the minute">
    The start [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) of the date/time range to search within.

    If the current time is 2:01:01, this default would be 1:01:00.

    Prior to version `1.57.0` this field did not have a default.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="startRow" type="Integer" optional defaults="0">
    The offset row to return results from. If the search has 200 records in it and this is 50, it starts with row 50.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/system/webhook-event-log/search" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Searches the Webhook Event Logs using the given search criteria"/>

When calling the API using a `POST` request you will send the search criteria in a JSON request body.

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="search.end" type="Long" optional defaults="current time rounded up to the minute">
    The end [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) of the date/time range to search within.

    If the current time is 2:01:01, this default would be 2:02:00.

    Prior to version `1.57.0` this field did not have a default.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.event" type="String" optional>
    The string to search in the Webhook Event Log request body for. This can contain wildcards using the asterisk character (`*`). If no wildcards are present, this parameter value will be interpreted as `*value*`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.eventResult" type="String" optional>
    The overall result of a [transactional](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events#transaction-compatibility) event. Possible values are:
     * `Running` - The default state after an event is fired.
     * `Succeeded` - The transactional event was successful, and pending database changes were committed. Non-transactional events are transitioned to this state immediately after the event payload is sent to all recipients regardless of the response.
     * `Failed` - The transactional event was unsuccessful, and pending database changes were rolled back.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.eventType" type="String" optional>
    The event type.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.numberOfResults" type="Integer" optional defaults="25">
    The number of results to return from the search.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.orderBy" type="String" optional defaults="insertInstant DESC">
    The database column to order the search results on plus the order direction.

    The possible values are:

     * `eventResult` - the overall result of the event
     * `eventType` - the event type
     * `id` - the unique Id of the Webhook Event Log
     * `insertInstant` - the [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) when the Webhook Event Log was created
     * `lastAttemptInstant` - the [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) when the last attempt was made to deliver the event
     * `linkedObjectId` - the unique Id of the object associated with this event
     * `sequence` - the system-assigned event sequence

    For example, to order the results by the insert instant in a descending order, the value would be provided as `insertInstant DESC`. The final string is optional can be set to `ASC` or `DESC`.

    Prior to version `1.57.0` this defaults to `sequence DESC`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.start" type="Long" optional defaults="one hour ago rounded down to the minute">
    The start [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) of the date/time range to search within.

    If the current time is 2:01:01, this default would be 1:01:00.

    Prior to version `1.57.0` this field did not have a default.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="search.startRow" type="Integer" optional defaults="0">
    The offset row to return results from. If the search has 200 records in it and this is 50, it starts with row 50.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example JSON Request" src="webhook-event-logs/search-post-request.json" />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Webhook Event Logs matching the search criteria in paginated format.

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_search_error />

<WebhookEventLogSearchResponseBody />

<JSON title="Example JSON Response" src="webhook-event-logs/search-response.json" />

# Webhook API

import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import GenericUpdateExplanationFragment from 'src/content/docs/apis/_generic-update-explanation-fragment.mdx';
import StandardDeleteResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-delete-response-codes.astro';
import StandardGetResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-get-response-codes.astro';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import WebhookRequestBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_webhook-request-body.mdx';
import WebhookResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_webhook-response-body.mdx';
import WebhooksResponseBody from 'src/content/docs/apis/_webhooks-response-body.mdx';
import WebhookSearchRequestParameters from 'src/content/docs/apis/_webhook-search-request-parameters.mdx';

A FusionAuth Webhook is intended to consume JSON events emitted by FusionAuth. Creating a Webhook allows you to tell
FusionAuth where you would like to receive these JSON events.

Webhooks provides a publish  - subscribe style integration with FusionAuth. Creating a Webhook is the subscribe portion
of this common messaging pattern. If you're already using Kafka for consuming messages in your infrastructure, see our
[Kafka](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/kafka) integration as well.

These APIs that are used to manage Webhooks.

## Create a Webhook

This API is used to create a Webhook. Specifying an Id on the URI will instruct FusionAuth to use that Id when creating the Webhook. Otherwise, FusionAuth will create a Id for the Webhook automatically.

### Request

<API method="POST" uri="/api/webhook" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Webhook without providing an Id. An Id will be automatically generated."/>

<API method="POST" uri="/api/webhook/{webhookId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Create a Webhook with the given Id."/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="webhookId" type="UUID" optional immutable defaults="secure random UUID">
    The Id to use for the new Webhook. If not specified a secure random UUID will be generated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<WebhookRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the information for the Webhook that was created.

<StandardPostResponseCodes />

<WebhookResponseBody />


## Retrieve a Webhook

This API is used to retrieve one or all of the configured Webhooks. Specifying an Id on the URI will retrieve a single Webhook. Leaving off the Id will retrieve all of the Webhooks.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/webhook" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve all of the Webhooks"/>

<API method="GET" uri="/api/webhook/{webhookId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Retrieve a single Webhook by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="webhookId" type="UUID" optional>
    The Id of the Webhook to retrieve.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this API contains either a single Webhook or all of the Webhooks. When you call this API with an Id the response will contain just that Webhook. When you call this API without an Id the response will contain all of the Webhooks. Both response types are defined below along with an example JSON response.

<StandardGetResponseCodes />

<WebhookResponseBody />

<WebhooksResponseBody />


## Update a Webhook

<GenericUpdateExplanationFragment capitalized_object_name="Webhook" />


### Request

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/webhook/{webhookId}" authentication={["api-key"]} showPatch={true} title="Update a Webhook by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="webhookId" type="UUID" immutable required>
    The Id of the Webhook to update.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<WebhookRequestBody />

### Response

The response for this API contains the new information for the Webhook that was updated.

<StandardPostResponseCodes />

<WebhookResponseBody />


## Delete a Webhook

This API is used to delete a Webhook.

### Request

<API method="DELETE" uri="/api/webhook/{webhookId}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Delete a Webhook by Id"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="webhookId" type="UUID" required>
    The Id of the Webhook to delete.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

This API does not return a JSON response body.

<StandardDeleteResponseCodes />

## Search for Webhooks

<Aside type="version">
This API has been available since 1.45.0
</Aside>

This API is used to search for Webhooks and may be called using the `GET` or `POST` HTTP methods. Examples of each are provided below. The `POST` method is provided to allow for a richer request object without worrying about exceeding the maximum length of a URL. Calling this API with either the `GET` or `POST` HTTP method will provide the same search results given the same query parameters.

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/api/webhook/search?description={description}" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Webhooks"/>

### Request Parameters

<WebhookSearchRequestParameters parameter_prefix='' />


<API method="POST" uri="/api/webhook/search" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Search for Webhooks"/>

When calling the API using a `POST` request you will send the search criteria in a JSON request body.

### Request Body

<WebhookSearchRequestParameters parameter_prefix="search." />

### Response

The response for this API contains the Webhooks matching the search criteria in paginated format and the total number of results matching the search criteria.

<StandardGetResponseCodes never_missing never_search_error />

<WebhooksResponseBody include_total />

# FusionAuth CLI

import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';

The FusionAuth command line interface (CLI) tool allows you to manipulate FusionAuth from the command line. The focus of the CLI is on allowing easy management of commonly modified customization code and markup, such as emails, themes or lambdas. It is not a full featured replacement for any of the [client libraries](/docs/sdks/), which wrap all of the API.

## Prerequisites

The CLI tool requires node. It's tested with version 22 but should work with modern versions of node.

## Installation

You can install this tool using `npm`.

```
npm i -g @fusionauth/cli
```

## Functionality

This tool allows you to easily retrieve and publish FusionAuth configuration from the command line. This includes:

* emails
* lambdas
* messages
* themes

The CLI is designed to work with complex version controlled configuration and includes support for localized content.

It also can be used to:

* generate fake user data suitable for the [User Import API](/docs/apis/users#import-users)
* check an instance to see that [suggested common configuration](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/setup) has been performed
* run example instances of FusionAuth

## Usage

Currently, the CLI supports the following commands:
- Common config check
  - `fusionauth check:common-config` - Checks to make sure common configuration settings are set.
- Emails
  - `fusionauth email:download` - Download a specific template or all email templates from a FusionAuth server.
  - `fusionauth email:duplicate` - Duplicate an email template locally.
  - `fusionauth email:html-to-text` - Convert HTML email templates to text, where the text template is missing.
  - `fusionauth email:upload` - Upload a specific template or all email templates to a FusionAuth server.
  - `fusionauth email:watch` - Watch the email template directory and upload changes to a FusionAuth server.
  - `fusionauth email:create` - Create a new email template locally.
- Fake user generation
  - `fusionauth import:generate` - Generate JSON for importing fake users for testing.
- Kickstart FusionAuth example instances (beta)
  - `fusionauth kickstart:install [dir]` - Generate the appropriate files to generate an example FusionAuth instance via Docker
  - `fusionauth kickstart:start` - runs a FusionAuth Docker image, when executed in the same directory as the Docker configuration
  - `fusionauth kickstart:stop` - stops a FusionAuth Docker image, when executed in the same directory as the Docker configuration
  - `fusionauth kickstart:kill` - shuts down and wipes the FusionAuth instance when executed in the same directory as the Docker configuration
- Lambdas
  - `fusionauth lambda:update` - Update a lambda on a FusionAuth server.
  - `fusionauth lambda:delete` - Delete a lambda from a FusionAuth server.
  - `fusionauth lambda:retrieve` - Download a lambda from a FusionAuth server.
- Messages
  - `fusionauth message:download` - Download a specific message template or all message templates from a FusionAuth server.
  - `fusionauth message:upload` - Upload a specific message template or all message templates to a FusionAuth server.
- Themes
  - `fusionauth theme:download` - Download a theme from a FusionAuth server.
  - `fusionauth theme:upload` - Upload a theme to a FusionAuth server.
  - `fusionauth theme:watch` - Watch a theme directory and upload changes to a FusionAuth server.

## Examples

```
fusionauth theme:download -k <APIKEY> <themeid>

# modify your theme

fusionauth theme:upload -k <APIKEY> <themeid>
```

To learn more about the commands, use the `--help` switch.

```
fusionauth --help
```

## Updating

To update to the most recent version, use `npm update`.

```
npm update -g @fusionauth/cli
```

## Source Code

The FusionAuth CLI is open source and we welcome pull requests.

You can [view the source code](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-node-cli) and [the npm package](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@fusionauth/cli).

# Configure SMTP

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

Before you can use email templates and other email features in FusionAuth, you must first enable and configure a Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) server.

<Aside type="note">
  FusionAuth doesn't come bundled with an SMTP server, but expects one to be configured to enable all email based functionality ("bring your own SMTP server" or BYOSS). This design choice allows you to:

  * use whatever email sending service you'd like (some are listed below, but FusionAuth will work with any providers with an SMTP API)
  * send email from your own IPs with reputation you control
  * skip configuring an SMTP server if you are not sending email from FusionAuth
</Aside>

This guide briefly explains SMTP security and SMTP providers, describes in detail how to configure the most popular SMTP providers with FusionAuth, and lists best practices to consider when working with email.

SMTP providers handle two types of email: marketing (like newsletters and sale advertisements) and transactional (like account notifications and password resets). FusionAuth is concerned only with transactional email.

## Understand Email Security

Email service providers (ESPs) such as Gmail, Yahoo Mail, and Proton Mail rely on several methods to prevent spam and phishing emails from being sent to their users. As of 2024, these methods have become even stricter. Google [requires SMTP providers to allow users to send only from their own registered domains](https://help.brevo.com/hc/en-us/articles/14925263522578-Prepare-for-Gmail-and-Yahoo-s-new-requirements-for-email-senders) to reduce spam.

Here are the ways ESPs implement email security:
- **Rate limits:** Emails that are received too frequently or show sudden spikes in volume are blocked.
- **IP address block lists:** Emails received from dynamic IP addresses, those known to send spam, or those with a low reputation are added to lists that receivers use to reject mail.
- **DNS records of email senders:** Emails must have valid records for Sender Policy Framework (SPF) (RFC 7208), Domain Keys Identified Mail (DKIM) (RFC 6376), and Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance (DMARC) (RFC 7489).

SPF, DKIM, and DMARC are TXT records you need to add to the DNS records for your domain. Your SMTP provider will tell you what records to add.

- An SPF record looks like `v=spf1 ip4:129.6.100.200 ip6:2610:20:6005:100::20 -all` and lists the IP addresses permitted to send email on behalf of the domain. ESPs should reject emails arriving from an IP address other than these.
- A DKIM record looks like `k=rsa;p=MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQ8c7wIDAQAB` and specifies a public key. The SMTP provider will sign the sender address of an email with the corresponding private key. ESPs should reject emails with an invalid sender address signature.
- A DMARC record looks like `v=DMARC1; p=none; rua=mailto:rua@dmarc.brevo.com` and specifies the policies supported by the email sender and where to send rejected email for analysis by the sender.

Together, these three records allow an ESP to know that the email server and sender are valid and what responses the sender supports if an invalid email is received.

You might also encounter the term Author Domain Signing Practices (ADSP), an optional extension to DKIM that enables a domain to publish the signing practices it adopts when relaying mail on behalf of associated authors.

## Which Provider To Choose?

An SMTP provider is an online service that sends email on your behalf. In return for payment, an SMTP provider guarantees you a service that provides IP addresses with a high reputation.

Some providers are easy to test, requiring nothing more than registering with an email address. Others require comprehensive company details, your verified phone number, domain verification, having a professional business website, and communicating with support agents. The easiest providers to configure are:
- MailerSend — Requires only an email address.
- Gmail — Requires phone verification, and email is intended only for small tests. Not for production use.
- AWS SES — Requires email and domain verification.
- Postmark — Requires email and domain verification.
- Resend — Requires email and domain verification.

Postmark had especially clear documentation and an easy setup experience.

The more difficult providers are:
- Brevo
- Mailgun (Sinch)
- SendGrid (Twilio)

These providers automatically disable your account on signup and require you to contact their support to have it activated. This involves having a business website ready for review, explaining what your purpose in sending email is, and explaining how you obtained your recipients' email addresses. However, Mailgun and Brevo support were friendly and quick, and unlocked the FusionAuth test account after reasonable discussion. SendGrid is the most onerous provider, with full company details needed for every sender address.

The worst provider is Mailchimp (Mandrill). Mailchimp was the only SMTP provider that refused to provide FusionAuth an account, giving no explanation and accusing us of sharing prohibited content. Mailchimp support was poor — entirely automated, and no human could be contacted.

Be aware that providers can cancel your account at any time, without explanation or a chance to appeal. This can cripple your business.

Choose an SMTP provider that you feel is trustworthy. At the time of writing, these were the scores on https://www.trustpilot.com for each provider in this guide:

| Provider             | Score     | Link                                                |
|----------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------------------------|
| Mailgun (Sinch)      | 4.4       | https://www.trustpilot.com/review/mailgun.com       |
| Brevo                | 4.2       | https://www.trustpilot.com/review/www.brevo.com     |
| Postmark             | 3.5       | https://www.trustpilot.com/review/postmarkapp.com   |
| Resend               | 3.2       | https://www.trustpilot.com/review/resend.com        |
| MailerSend           | 2.8       | https://www.trustpilot.com/review/mailersend.com    |
| Mailchimp (Mandrill) | 1.3       | https://www.trustpilot.com/review/www.mailchimp.com |
| SendGrid (Twilio)    | 1.2       | https://www.trustpilot.com/review/sendgrid.com      |
| AWS SES              | No review |                                                     |

These scores, especially the low ones for Mailchimp and SendGrid, are consistent with the experiences we had writing this guide.

When comparing pricing, note that some providers charge a flat monthly fee, and some charge only for the number of emails you send. One provider might be cheaper than another for small volumes of email, but more expensive for large volumes.

## Can You Use A Self-Hosted SMTP Server?

It is possible to send email through an SMTP server hosted on your server using an application like [Postfix](https://www.postfix.org/documentation.html), [Haraka](https://haraka.github.io/getting_started), [mailcow](https://docs.mailcow.email/), or [Mail-in-a-Box](https://mailinabox.email/guide.html). Hosting your own server will cost you nothing more than a few dollars a month for a cloud server, or nothing if you already have a server for other applications.

However, over time, hosting your own SMTP server will almost certainly cost you more time and money than paying a dedicated email company to handle mail for you. Below are some things you'll need to handle if you want to self-host:
- Deliverability: Email service providers block or filter emails from dynamic IP addresses and untrusted servers. You need to maintain IP reputation, implement SPF, DKIM, and DMARC properly, and handle feedback loops with ESPs (bounces and spam requests).
- Scalability: As email volume grows, you need to scale your infrastructure.
- Technical expertise: Properly configuring and maintaining an email server requires understanding both the software and the network infrastructure. You need to continuously monitor your server and ensure it is available with 100% uptime.
- Security: Your server must be secured against unauthorized access and data must be protected against breaches, requiring regular security audits and updates.

Using your own SMTP server is appropriate if you are using FusionAuth for a hobby project or a small team where all users know to check their spam folders.

## SMTP Settings

Below are descriptions of the SMTP settings you will configure in FusionAuth in the following section.

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Host" optional defaults="localhost">
    The hostname of the SMTP server. This will be provided by your SMTP provider.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Port" optional defaults="25">
    The port of the SMTP server. This will be provided by your SMTP provider. Ports `25`, `465`, and `587` are well-known ports used by SMTP, but your provider may use a different port.

    In most cases, you will use TLS to connect to your SMTP server and the port will be `587` or `465`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Username" optional>
    The username used to authenticate with the SMTP server. This will be provided by your SMTP provider.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Change password" optional>
    When enabled, you may modify the password used to authenticate with the SMTP server. When the <InlineField>Password</InlineField> field is not displayed, the current password cannot be modified.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Password" required>
    The new password to use for outgoing SMTP mail server authentication. This field is only required when <InlineField>Change password</InlineField> is checked.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Security" optional>
    The security type when using an SSL connection to the SMTP server. This value should be provided by your SMTP provider.

    Generally, you will select `None` if using port `25`, `SSL` if using port `465`, and `TLS` if using port `587`. Your provider may be different; follow your provider's instructions.

    * `None`
    * `SSL`
    * `TLS`
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Default from address" optional>
    The default `From Address` used when sending emails if a from address is not provided for an individual email template. This is an email address (for example, **jared@piedpiper.com**).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Default from name" optional>
    The default `From Name` used when sending emails if a from name is not provided on an individual email template. This is the display name part of the email address (for example, **Jared Dunn**  &lt;jared@piedpiper.com>).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Additional headers" optional since="1.32.0">
    One or more line-separated SMTP headers to be added to each outgoing email. The header name and value should be separated by an equals sign, for example, `X-SES-CONFIGURATION-SET=Value`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Debug enabled" optional since="1.37.0">
    When enabled, SMTP and JavaMail debug information will be output to the Event Log.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

## How To Configure SMTP Providers In FusionAuth

To enable and configure the FusionAuth SMTP server, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Edit -> Email</Breadcrumb>.

<img src="/img/docs/customize/email-and-messages/email-settings.png" alt="Email Settings" width="1200" role="shadowed" />

Enable email by clicking on the *Enabled* toggle, and save your settings once you have completed your configuration.

To avoid disrupting your application's current DNS records, you may want to point FusionAuth SMTP fields to a temporary subdomain. For example, if your application is hosted at `myapp.com`, you can create `testemail.myapp.com`, and point the SMTP service and FusionAuth there while testing.

Strict SMTP providers require you to have a trustworthy-looking domain and website before they activate your account.

There is a troubleshooting section below this one if you encounter errors while trying to send a test email.

<Aside type="note">
The DNS records you need to add for SMTP will usually be of type `TXT`. A value of `@` for the <InlineField>Host</InlineField> of a record means the domain itself, and is a common default value.
</Aside>

<Aside type="caution">
Be careful not to duplicate the domain name when entering DNS records. For example, if your host is `myapp.com` and the TXT record value the SMTP provider wants you to add is `send.myapp`, be sure the final value is `send.myapp.com`, and not `send.myapp.myapp.com`. Check the suffix your host attaches to the field.
</Aside>

<Aside type="note">
If your DNS provider uses cPanel, alter your records at <Breadcrumb>Domains -> Zone Editor</Breadcrumb>.
</Aside>

The SMTP providers are presented in alphabetical order below.

### AWS SES
- Create an account at https://aws.amazon.com.
- In your account dashboard, search for SES and start the account setup wizard by clicking <Breadcrumb>Get set up</Breadcrumb> on the left sidebar.
  - Add your email and domain.
  - Verify your email when AWS emails you a link.
  - Add the DNS records AWS SES gives you to your domain's DNS settings.
  - After a few minutes, the SES <InlineUIElement>Verify sending domain</InlineUIElement> status should change from `Verification pending` to `Verified`.
- Browse to <Breadcrumb>SMTP settings</Breadcrumb> in the AWS sidebar.
- Click <InlineField>Create SMTP credentials</InlineField> and note the created SMTP credentials.
- In your tenant's email tab in the FusionAuth web interface, set the following values:
  - <InlineField>Host</InlineField>: `email-smtp.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com` (use your host from the SMTP settings page)
  - <InlineField>Port</InlineField>: `587`
  - <InlineField>Username</InlineField>: Your username from the SMTP credentials page
  - <InlineField>Password</InlineField>: Your SMTP password from the credentials page
  - <InlineField>Security</InlineField>: `TLS`
  - <InlineField>Default from address</InlineField>: `me@myapp.com` (use your verified domain)
- Click <InlineField>Send test email</InlineField> to test that the settings work. You must send to an email address verified with SES. Use the address you gave when creating your SES account.
- Click the save icon at the top right.

SES is more complicated than the other SMTP services. If the troubleshooting section at the bottom of this article does not help you, please consult the [SES documentation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ses/latest/dg/troubleshoot-verification.html).

### Brevo (Previously Sendinblue)

- Create an account at https://app.brevo.com.
- If Brevo suspends your account for violating the terms of service, contact support on [this page](https://www.brevo.com/contact) to activate it.
- Browse to https://app.brevo.com/senders/domain/list.
  - Add your domain name.
  - In your website domain manager, add the DNS records from the domain authentication page.
  - Once you have entered the DNS records and saved, start the verification process on the Brevo page. It should take a minute.
- Browse to https://app.brevo.com/senders/list.
  - Add sender: `me@myapp.com` (use your domain name).
  - In Brevo, authenticate your email address.
- Browse to https://app.brevo.com/settings/keys/smtp and note your SMTP settings.
- In your tenant's email tab in the FusionAuth web interface, set the following values:
  - <InlineField>Host</InlineField>: `smtp-relay.brevo.com`
  - <InlineField>Port</InlineField>: `587`
  - <InlineField>Username</InlineField>: Your Brevo SMTP login from the settings page
  - <InlineField>Password</InlineField>: Your SMTP key value from the settings page
  - <InlineField>Security</InlineField>: `TLS`
  - <InlineField>Default from address</InlineField>: Any address is allowed
- Click <InlineField>Send test email</InlineField> to test that the settings work, then click the save icon at the top right.

### Gmail

As well as being a popular ESP, Gmail can be used by programs to send email through SMTP. Gmail is not recommended for production use, since it has a [number of limits](https://support.google.com/a/answer/166852). However, it can be useful to test email functionality.

For Gmail, use [application passwords](https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/185833) or you may get a generic `Unable to send email via JavaMail / Prime Messaging Exception` error. The application passwords support article says you need to enable two-factor authentication, then create an app password on the security tab. However, there is no `App password` setting on the tab. You need to browse to https://myaccount.google.com/apppasswords manually to create one.

- In your tenant's email tab in the FusionAuth web interface, set the following values:
  - <InlineField>Host</InlineField>: `smtp.gmail.com`
  - <InlineField>Port</InlineField>: `587`
  - <InlineField>Username</InlineField>: Your full Gmail address (including @gmail.com)
  - <InlineField>Password</InlineField>: Your app password (including spaces)
  - <InlineField>Security</InlineField>: `TLS`
  - <InlineField>Default from address</InlineField>: Your full Gmail address
- Click <InlineField>Send test email</InlineField> to test that the settings work, then click the save icon at the top right.

### Mailchimp (Previously Mandrill)

Mailchimp is currently integrating its transactional email marketing plugin, Mandrill, into its main brand. At the time of writing, you need to create an account with Mailchimp, then log in to Mandrill afterwards.

Mailchimp refused to provide FusionAuth with an account while writing this article. The steps below should work, but we were unable to send a test email to be certain.

- Sign up for an account at https://login.mailchimp.com/signup/?entrypoint=mandrill&locale=en.
- If Mailchimp suspends your account for violating the terms of service, click <InlineUIElement>View issues</InlineUIElement> at the top of the Mailchimp website, then <InlineField>Resolve</InlineField> at the bottom of the page to contact support.
- Log in to https://mandrillapp.com/settings/sending-domains and add your domain name in the text field at the bottom of the page.
- At the bottom of the page click <InlineField>View details</InlineField> for each record that needs to be verified.
  - In your website domain manager, add the DNS records from the domain authentication page.
  - Once you have entered the DNS records and saved, start the verification process on the Mailchimp page. It should take a minute.
- Browse to https://mandrillapp.com/settings/index and note your SMTP settings. Create a new API key at the bottom of the page.
- In your tenant's email tab in the FusionAuth web interface, set the following values:
  - <InlineField>Host</InlineField>: `smtp.mandrillapp.com`
  - <InlineField>Port</InlineField>: `587`
  - <InlineField>Username</InlineField>: Enter anything
  - <InlineField>Password</InlineField>: Your API key
  - <InlineField>Security</InlineField>: `TLS`
  - <InlineField>Default from address</InlineField>: Use an address at your domain
- Click <InlineField>Send test email</InlineField> to test that the settings work, then click the save icon at the top right.

### MailerSend

- Create an account at https://app.mailersend.com.
- Browse to [Email -> Domains](https://app.mailersend.com/domains) and click <InlineField>Manage</InlineField> on the trial domain MailerSend created for you.
- Under <InlineUIElement>SMTP</InlineUIElement>, click <InlineField>Generate new user</InlineField> and then enter the SMTP name for the user.
- MailerSend will generate the user credentials and you can save them.
- In your tenant's email tab in the FusionAuth web interface, set the following values:
  - <InlineField>Host</InlineField>: `smtp.mailersend.net`
  - <InlineField>Port</InlineField>: `587`
  - <InlineField>Username</InlineField>: Your username from the User page
  - <InlineField>Password</InlineField>: Your password from the User page
  - <InlineField>Security</InlineField>: `TLS`
  - <InlineField>Default from address</InlineField>: Use your MailerSend trial, such as `fa@trial-o89qngkvfrwlwr32.mlsender.net`
- Click <InlineField>Send test email</InlineField> to test that the settings work, then click the save icon at the top right.
- To use your real domain, browse to [Email -> Domains](https://app.mailersend.com/domains).
  - Click <InlineField>Add domain</InlineField>.
  - On the <Breadcrumb>Domain verification</Breadcrumb> page, you are given DNS records to add to your domain.
  - In your domain manager website, add these records.
  - Once you have entered the DNS records and saved, start the verification process at the bottom of the MailerSend page. It should take a minute and you will be emailed when verification is done.
  - Click <InlineField>Generate new user</InlineField> for this domain and use the SMTP details in FusionAuth.

### Mailgun (Sinch)

- Create an account at https://signup.mailgun.com/new/signup.
- If you are only testing Mailgun, you can use the sandbox domain name Mailgun creates for you to send emails. If you have paid for an account, you should add and verify your company's real domain.
- Add your domain name under <Breadcrumb>Sending -> Add new domain</Breadcrumb> in the Mailgun dashboard at https://app.mailgun.com/mg/sending/new-domain.
  - In your domain manager website, add the DNS records from the domain authentication page.
  - Once you have entered the DNS records and saved, start the verification process on the Mailgun page. It should take a minute.
- If you are using an unpaid account, you need to add authorized email receivers. Browse to <Breadcrumb>Domains -> Overview</Breadcrumb> and ensure the sandbox domain is selected. Add the email address where you want to receive a test email from FusionAuth.
  - Click the verification link in the email you receive to authorize your address.
- Browse to https://app.mailgun.com/mg/sending/domains. Click the gear icon to the right of your domain name and select <InlineField>Settings</InlineField> to browse to a page like https://app.mailgun.com/app/sending/domains/myapp.com/settings. Select the <InlineField>SMTP credentials</InlineField> tab.
- In your tenant's email tab in the FusionAuth web interface, set the following values:
  - <InlineField>Host</InlineField>: `smtp.mailgun.org`
  - <InlineField>Port</InlineField>: `587`
  - <InlineField>Username</InlineField>: Your login name. If using an unpaid account you must use the sandbox domain.
  - <InlineField>Password</InlineField>: Get this by pushing <InlineField>Reset password</InlineField> in Mailgun and copying the value you are given.
  - <InlineField>Security</InlineField>: `TLS`
  - <InlineField>Default from address</InlineField>: Use your Username value from above
- Click <InlineField>Send test email</InlineField> to test that the settings work, then click the save icon at the top right. Enter your authorized email address for the test email, so you can test it arrives.

### Postmark

- Create an account at https://account.postmarkapp.com/sign_up and enter your domain name.
- Verify your email address.
- Browse to https://account.postmarkapp.com/signature_domains.
  - Click <InlineUIElement>DNS Settings</InlineUIElement> above your domain name.
  - In your domain manager website, add the DNS records from the domain authentication page.
  - Once you have entered the DNS records and saved, start the verification process on the Postmark page. It should take a minute.
- To see your SMTP settings, browse to https://account.postmarkapp.com/servers, then click <Breadcrumb>My First Server -> Default Transactional Stream -> Setup Instructions -> SMTP</Breadcrumb>.
- In your tenant's email tab in the FusionAuth web interface, set the following values:
  - <InlineField>Host</InlineField>: `smtp.postmarkapp.com`
  - <InlineField>Port</InlineField>: `587`
  - <InlineField>Username</InlineField>: Your username from the settings page
  - <InlineField>Password</InlineField>: Your password from the settings page
  - <InlineField>Security</InlineField>: `TLS`
  - <InlineField>Default from address</InlineField>: Any address is allowed
- Click <InlineField>Send test email</InlineField> to test that the settings work, then click the save icon at the top right.

While in the Postmark sandbox mode before account approval, you may not send emails to addresses outside your domain. These addresses will be shown in the <Breadcrumb>Activity</Breadcrumb> tab of your server on Postmark.

### Resend

- Create an account at https://resend.com.
- Browse to https://resend.com/domains.
- In your website domain manager, add the records from Resend at the link above.
  - You need to set only the DKIM and SPF fields for testing. The DMARC field is optional and required only for your production server.
  - Once you have entered the DNS records and saved, return to https://resend.com/domains and start the verification process. It should take a few minutes.
- Browse to https://resend.com/api-keys and create a key with sending access only.
- Browse to https://resend.com/settings/smtp and note your SMTP details.
- In your tenant's email tab in the FusionAuth web interface, set the following values:
  - <InlineField>Host</InlineField>: `smtp.resend.com`
  - <InlineField>Port</InlineField>: `587`
  - <InlineField>Username</InlineField>: `resend`
  - <InlineField>Password</InlineField>: Your API key
  - <InlineField>Security</InlineField>: `TLS`
  - <InlineField>Default from address</InlineField>: Use an email address at your domain
- Click <InlineField>Send test email</InlineField> to test that the settings work, then click the save icon at the top right.

For an overview of all the records Resend asks you to set on your domain, please read their [documentation](https://resend.com/docs/dashboard/domains/introduction). For more general information, read the [Resend documentation on SMTP](https://resend.com/docs/send-with-smtp).

### SendGrid (Twilio)

- Create an account at https://signup.sendgrid.com.
- Verify your email address.
- Browse to https://app.sendgrid.com/settings/sender_auth/senders/new and create a new sender.
  - Enter all company details and click <InlineField>Create</InlineField>.
  - Verify your sender email address.
- Browse to https://app.sendgrid.com/settings/sender_auth and under <InlineUIElement>Authenticate Your Domain</InlineUIElement>, click <InlineField>Get Started</InlineField>.
  - In your domain manager website, add the DNS records from the domain authentication page.
  - Once you have entered the DNS records and saved, start the verification process on the SendGrid page. It should take a minute.
- To see your SMTP settings, browse to https://app.sendgrid.com/guide/integrate/langs/smtp.
  - Create an API key.
- In your tenant's email tab in the FusionAuth web interface, set the following values:
  - <InlineField>Host</InlineField>: `smtp.sendgrid.net`
  - <InlineField>Port</InlineField>: `587`
  - <InlineField>Username</InlineField>: apikey
  - <InlineField>Password</InlineField>: Your API key from the settings page
  - <InlineField>Security</InlineField>: `TLS`
  - <InlineField>Default from address</InlineField>: Your verified sender created earlier
- Click <InlineField>Send test email</InlineField> to test that the settings work, then click the save icon at the top right.

## Troubleshoot

Below are some common errors you might get when configuring SMTP and how to fix them.

### Authentication Error

```text
Unable to send email via JavaMail

Prime Messaging Exception
535 Authentication failed.
```

This error indicates that your username or password is incorrect. Re-enter them carefully with no excess whitespace and try again.

If the error looks like the one below, you need to set up a [Google application password](https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/185833).

```text
Prime Messaging Exception
535-5.7.8 Username and Password not accepted. For more information, go to
535 5.7.8  https://support.google.com/mail/?p=BadCredentials
```

### Account Suspended

```text
Unable to send email via JavaMail

Prime Messaging Exception
502 5.7.0 Your SMTP account is not yet activated. Please contact us at contact@sendinblue.com to request activation.
```

Some providers automatically disable your account at registration. Contact support at your provider to have it activated.

### Socket Timeout

```text
Error:

Unable to send email via JavaMail

Prime Messaging Exception
Exception reading response
Cause: SocketTimeoutException: Read timed out
```

You may need to change the port number. Try `587`.

### Domain Not Verified

```text
Unable to send email via JavaMail

Prime Messaging Exception
450 The resend.com domain is not verified. Please, add and verify your domain on https://resend.com/domains
```

You need to verify your domain with your SMTP provider by setting DNS records on your web host.

Be aware that DNS records take time to change. If you make a change to a record that your SMTP provider needs to validate, you may have to wait an hour to a day for caches to refresh before you can use the new value.

### Email Address Not Verified

```text
Unable to send email via JavaMail

Prime Messaging Exception
554 Message rejected: Email address is not verified. The following identities failed the check in region EU-WEST-1: address/fa@simplelogin.com
```

```text
Unable to send email via JavaMail

Prime Messaging Exception
421 Domain fa.dns-dynamic.net is not allowed to send: Free accounts are for test purposes only. Please upgrade or add the address to authorized recipients in Account Settings.
```

This error is only likely if you use AWS or Mailgun, which require your sender address to be verified when testing until your service leaves the testing sandbox. To fix this error, send the FusionAuth test email to the same address that you verified when creating the SES service in AWS or add the address to the list of authorized recipients in Mailgun.

### Email Doesn't Arrive

Try the following:
- Wait longer.
- Check that you entered the receiver email address correctly.
- Email an address that is authorized and verified by your SMTP provider, such as the one on your authenticated domain that you used to register your account. Check if the provider has an authorized recipient section and add the address there.
- Check if your SMTP provider received the request and the status is not `Bounced`.
- Check your spam folder in your email client, or other folders if you have filters enabled.
- Disable webhooks in FusionAuth, in case a failed webhook is causing complications.

## SMTP Best Practices

This section lists some recommendations by SMTP providers for transactional emails. Your primary aim should be to keep your sender reputation high to avoid emails being marked as spam.

- Ensure that you add all SPF, DKIM, DMARC, and MX records to your DNS records.
- For extra trustworthiness and brand building, set up Brand Indicators for Message Identification (BIMI), which enables email inboxes to display a brand’s logo next to the company’s authenticated email messages.
- Send emails only to people who have requested to receive them. Always first send a confirmation link to confirm their address is valid.
- Follow your SMTP provider's documentation to configure analytics for your emails (click tracking).
- Track your emails and adjust your sending based on feedback from ESPs and recipients. Don't send emails to recipients who have unsubscribed or complained of spam. Monitor the results of email sending on your SMTP provider's analytics web page.
- Send as few emails to users as possible to avoid emails being marked as spam. Keep your email content as short as possible to avoid wasting your users' time.
- Always include a link to unsubscribe in your emails.
- Always test new email templates by emailing them to yourself on a test FusionAuth server before enabling them in production. Check that fields are populated correctly.
- Send multipart emails using both text and HTML or text only. ESPs do not trust HTML-only email and block images by default. Preview how your emails look with tools like [Litmus](https://www.litmus.com/email-testing).
- Too many links and images trigger spam flags at ESPs. Misspellings and spammy words ("buy now!", "Free!") are spam flags, as are ALL CAPS AND EXCLAMATION MARKS!!!!!!!!!!!!!
- Don't use URL shortening services for links. Use your domain's full URL.
- The domains in the `from` field, `return-path`, and `message-id` should match the domain you are sending from.
- Send transactional and marketing emails through different IP addresses, as marketing email is more likely to be marked as spam. FusionAuth uses only transactional email.
- For similar reasons, send your transactional email and your marketing email through different subdomains. Your domain and your IP address both have reputations with ESPs.
- Do not use a `noreply` email address as your sender. Instead, route all customer replies to your support team.

### Shared IP Addresses

Most SMTP providers allow you to send through an individual IP address dedicated to your account or an IP address (or pool of addresses) shared by multiple SMTP accounts. If you are sending low volumes of email (less than 5000 per day), a shared IP address is a good choice. Shared addresses are less expensive than dedicated addresses. The address is already known and trusted by ESPs, so your emails are unlikely to be sent to spam folders.

If an SMTP account starts sending spam and decreases the address's reputation, the SMTP provider will take action, either canceling the client's account or moving them to a lower-reputation IP address pool.

Mailgun recommends one dedicated IP address for every million messages sent per month.

# Application Email Templates

import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import ChangePasswordHTML from 'src/content/docs/_shared/email/_change-password-html.mdx';
import ChangePasswordText from 'src/content/docs/_shared/email/_change-password-txt.mdx';

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

## Prerequisites

To get the most value from this guide, you should have a FusionAuth instance, with an email provider and an application set up for a user to log in with.

If you don't have this set up yet, please review the following links:

* [5 minute setup guide](/docs/get-started/start-here/step-1) - get a FusionAuth instance up and running with a simple application
* [Configure Email](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/configure-email) - Configure an email provider. You can also use mailcatcher as a local SMTP client. This is [documented for a docker install](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/docker#other-services).

## Custom Application Email Templates

In FusionAuth, a Tenant can be configured to send transactional emails for various workflows. Each Tenant can fire off emails based on certain events using the default Email Templates that ship with FusionAuth, such as `Email Update`, `Forgot Password`, and `Suspicious login`. Each email template can be customized and localized.

In this guide, you'll learn how to customize these templates at the application level.
To begin, you'll configure your email template at the Tenant level to ensure it is sent when a user that is registered for your application starts the [Forgot Password Workflow](/docs/apis/users#start-forgot-password-workflow).

First, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenant -> Email -> Template Settings -> Forgot Password</Breadcrumb>. select <InlineUIElement>Forgot Password</InlineUIElement> from the dropdown, then click the blue save icon.

If you don't see a `Forgot Password` email template, go to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Emails Templates</Breadcrumb> and click the light green <InlineUIElement>+</InlineUIElement> icon. Fill in `Forgot Password` for the <InlineField>Name</InlineField>, and for the <InlineField>Default Subject</InlineField>, <InlineField>From Email</InlineField>, <InlineField>Default from Name</InlineField> fields, whatever values you require. Paste in the following code for <InlineField>HTML Template</InlineField> and <InlineField>Text Template</InlineField>, respectively.

<ChangePasswordHTML />

<ChangePasswordText />

Both of these templates assume FusionAuth is running at `localhost:9011`. If you are running it at a different address, update the templates with the correct hostname.

Save your template by clicking the blue save icon.

When a user clicks the `Forgot your password?` link on the login page or calls the [forgot password API](/docs/apis/users#start-forgot-password-workflow), this template will be used to build the email sent to the user. This is the start of the workflow to change their password. This template is used so long as the application doesn't have a `Forgot Password` template configured.

Now you need to send an email using the default email template. 

Make sure you've created an Application in the <Breadcrumb>Application overview</Breadcrumb>. Then navigate to your application login page by clicking on <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> in the navigation sidebar, selecting the green magnifying glass icon, and copying and pasting the [Login URL](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications) into an incognito browser.

Click the <InlineUIElement>Forgot your password?</InlineUIElement> link, enter your email in the form, and the `Forgot Password` email should be sent to the user's email inbox.

## Configuring Application Email Templates

Finally, override the generic Tenant Email Template just configured with a custom application specific template for a fictitious company called Pied Piper.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Emails Templates</Breadcrumb> and click the blue edit icon for the <InlineUIElement>Forgot Password</InlineUIElement> email template and copy the <InlineField>HTML Template</InlineField> and <InlineField>Text Template</InlineField> sections into a text file for easier editing.

Create a new email template by going to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Emails Templates</Breadcrumb> and click the green <InlineUIElement>+</InlineUIElement> icon.
Fill out the <InlineField>Name</InlineField>, <InlineField>Default Subject</InlineField>, <InlineField>From Email</InlineField>, <InlineField>Default from Name</InlineField> fields.
Click on <InlineUIElement>HTML Template</InlineUIElement> in the bottom right corner, and paste your default template from above into the <InlineField>Default HTML</InlineField>  and <InlineField>Default Text</InlineField> sections. Feel free to edit these templates based on the needs of your application.

Save your template by clicking the blue save icon in the top right corner.

Now configure the email template by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Your Application</Breadcrumb>. Click the green edit icon, then navigate to <Breadcrumb>Email -> Templates -> Forgot password</Breadcrumb> and select your application email template. This option will have the same <InlineField>Name</InlineField> field as above. Click the blue save icon in the top right corner.

## Test the Custom Template

For our demo application Pied Piper, call the [Start Forgot Password Workflow](/docs/apis/users#start-forgot-password-workflow) for a user to start the forgot password flow. You can also use the link on the login page, as previously demonstrated.

```shell
curl --request POST \
    YOUR_FUSIONAUTH_INSTANCE/api/user/forgot-password \
  --header 'Authorization: YOUR_API_KEY' \
  --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  --data '{
    "applicationId": "85a03867-dccf-4882-adde-1a79aeec50df",
    "loginId": "dinesh@piedpiper.com",
     "sendForgotPasswordEmail": true
}'
```

Modify the curl command. You'll need to update a number of values.

* Replace `YOUR_API_KEY` with a valid FusionAuth API key.
* Replace `YOUR_FUSIONAUTH_INSTANCE` with the URL to your instance. If running locally this will be `http://localhost:9011`.
* Replace the value of `applicationId` with the Id of your application.
* Replace the value of `loginId` with the email address of the account for which the password is being reset. Remember this user must be registered for the application before the email can be sent.

Once successfully executed, you will see an application specific email sent to the above user's email address.

# Two Factor with Google Authenticator

import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';

<Aside type="caution">
The functionality described on this page is deprecated as of version `1.26.0`. For `1.26.0` and later, see the [MFA documentation](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/multi-factor-authentication).
</Aside>


This tutorial will walk through enabling and authenticating a User using the Google Authenticator. The Google Authenticator
application is just one possible option, you may also use any similar 2 Step verification application that implements the Time-Based
One-Time Password Algorithm as specified by [RFC 6238](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6238).  Understand that any time the Google
Authenticator is referenced you may assume any other application providing the same function is allowed.

The following is a suggested workflow to enable Two Factor authentication for use with a 2 Step verification application such as Google
 Authenticator, your implementation may vary.

## Generate a shared secret

A shared secret may be generated using the [Generate a Two Factor Secret](/docs/apis/two-factor#generate-a-secret) API. Using this API is not required,
you may optionally build your own secret, the API is provided for convenience.

The following is an example response from the Generate a Two Factor Secret API.

```json
{
  "secret" : "8MJJfCY4ERBtotvenSc3",
  "secretBase32Encoded" : "HBGUUSTGINMTIRKSIJ2G65DWMVXFGYZT"
}
```

## Share the secret and collect a verification code

A common method for sharing the secret with the User is to display a QR code using the Base32 encoded secret. The QR code is then scanned
by the Google Authenticator application which stores the secret. Once the User has stored the secret they provide a verification code as
input.


The following is an example form you may build to allow the User to configure this type of authentication.

<img src="/img/docs/customize/email-and-messages/deprecated/example-qr-code.png" alt="Example QR" width="1000" role="box-shadow" />

## Enable Two Factor Authentication

The secret and code are then provided on this request to enable Two Factor for the User

In this example we'll use the [Enable Two Factor](/docs/apis/two-factor#enable-multi-factor) API. This API will validate that the provided
`code` is valid using the provided `secret`. The secret provided on this API request is not the Base32 encoded version of the secret.

This example demonstrates enabling Two Factor for a User with the specified Id.

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/user/two-factor/1ff649bc-fafe-4cd4-af26-f22c3eda3d82"/>

```json
{
  "code": "423187",
  "secret": "8MJJfCY4ERBtotvenSc3",
  "delivery": "None"
}
```

## Authentication

Once a User has enabled Two Factor authentication, a `242` status code will be returned from the Login API with a response body that will
include a Two Factor Id.

The following is an example response from the Login API when a `242` response code is returned.

<JSON src="login/login-two-factor-response-pre-1-26.json" />

## Two Factor Authentication

To complete authentication you will need present the User with an additional form to collect a verification code. The User will enter a
verification code generated by the Google Authenticator application.

Using the Two Factor Id provided by the Login API response along with the verification code we can then complete authentication by making a
request to the [Complete Two Factor Authentication](/docs/apis/login#complete-multi-factor-authentication) API.

<API method="POST" uri="/api/two-factor/login"/>

<JSON  src="login/two-factor/request.json" />

{/*  Testing a comment */}

# Pre-1.26 2FA

import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';

<Aside type="caution">
The functionality described on this page is deprecated as of version `1.26.0`. For `1.26.0` and later, see the [Email & Messages documentation](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/).
</Aside>

Two Factor authentication adds an additional step to the authentication process. In addition to requiring a valid
email and password to authenticate, a two factor authentication code is required.

The general idea of Two Factor authentication is to require something you know and something you have to complete authentication.
Using this pattern protects the User against having their credentials compromised because even if you _**know**_ someone's email
and password, unless you also possess the device that generates the two factor authentication code you are not able to complete
an authentication process. In most cases the device the user will possess will be a mobile phone.

* [Two Factor using Google Authenticator (or similar application)](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/deprecated/authenticator-app-pre-1-26)
* [Two Factor using Twilio Push Notifications](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/deprecated/twilio-push-pre-1-26)

# Twilio Integration

import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

<Aside type="caution">
The functionality described on this page is deprecated as of version `1.26.0`. For `1.26.0` and later, see the [Email & Messages documentation](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/).
</Aside>

[Twilio](https://www.twilio.com/) is a popular third party messaging API. This integration when enabled allows FusionAuth
to deliver push messaging during Two Factor authentication.

## Configuration

The Twilio integration may be enabled using the [Integrations](/docs/apis/integrations) API or through the FusionAuth UI by navigating
to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Integrations -> Twilio</Breadcrumb>.

<img src="/img/docs/customize/email-and-messages/deprecated/integration-twilio.png" alt="Twilio Configuration" width="1200" role="shadowed" />

# Two Factor with Twilio Push Notifications

import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';

<Aside type="caution">
The functionality described on this page is deprecated as of version `1.26.0`. For `1.26.0` and later, see the [Email & Messages documentation](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/).
</Aside>

This tutorial will walk through enabling and authenticating a User using the Twilio Push integration. The following is just a suggested
workflow, your implementation may vary.

Using Two Factor using a push service to deliver the verification codes to a User's mobile phone using a text message will generally
provide less friction to the user during the initial configuration. This is because the user does not need a special application installed
on their mobile phone and they will not need to understand how to utilize QR codes.

Ensure you have successfully configured the [Twilio integration](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/deprecated/twilio).

## Generate a secret

A secret may be generated using the [Generate a Two Factor Secret](/docs/apis/two-factor#generate-a-secret) API. Using this API is not required,
you may optionally build your own secret, the API is provided for convenience. This secret will be used to send the User a verification code
to validate the configuration before enabling Two Factor authentication for the User.


The following is an example response from the Generate a Two Factor Secret API.

```json
{
  "secret" : "8MJJfCY4ERBtotvenSc3",
  "secretBase32Encoded" : "HBGUUSTGINMTIRKSIJ2G65DWMVXFGYZT"
}
```


## Collect a verification code

Because the secret does not need to be shared with the User, unlike configuring the Google Authenticator application you need only collect a
verification code to ensure they can receive messages on their configured mobile phone.

You will need to ensure the User already has a mobile phone configured, or collect that number as part of this configuration step. The following
is an example form you may build to allow the User to configure this type of authentication.

<img src="/img/docs/customize/email-and-messages/deprecated/example-enable-push.png" alt="Example Push Configuration" width="1000" role="box-shadow" />

In the above example, you'll notice there is a button to _Send code to mobile phone_. You'll utilize the [Send a Two Factor Code](/docs/apis/two-factor#send-a-multi-factor-code-when-enabling-mfa)
API to send the User a verification code using the secret generated in the previous step and the User's mobile phone.


<API method="POST" uri="/api/two-factor/send"/>

<JSON src="two-factor/send/request-pre-1-26.json" />


## Enable Two Factor Authentication

The secret and code are then provided on this request to enable Two Factor for the User.

In this example we'll use the [Enable Two Factor](/docs/apis/two-factor#enable-multi-factor) API. This API will validate that the provided
`code` is valid using the provided `secret`.

This example demonstrates enabling Two Factor for a User with the specified Id.

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/user/two-factor/1ff649bc-fafe-4cd4-af26-f22c3eda3d82"/>

```json
{
  "code": "423187",
  "secret": "8MJJfCY4ERBtotvenSc3",
  "delivery": "TextMessage"
}
```

## Authentication

Once a User has enabled Two Factor authentication, a `242` status code will be returned from the Login API with a response body that will
include a Two Factor Id.

The following is an example response from the Login API when a `242` response code is returned.

<JSON src="login/login-two-factor-response-pre-1-26.json" />

## Two Factor Authentication

To complete authentication you will need present the User with an additional form to collect a verification code. The User will enter the
verification code sent to their mobile phone as a result of successfully calling the Login API in the previous step If additional codes
need to be sent to the User during the authentication process the [Send a Two Factor Code](/docs/apis/two-factor#send-a-multi-factor-code-during-login-or-step-up) API
may be called with the `twoFactorId`.

Using the Two Factor Id provided by the Login API response along with the verification code we can then complete authentication by making a
request to the [Complete Two Factor Authentication](/docs/apis/login#complete-multi-factor-authentication) API.

<API method="POST" uri="/api/two-factor/login"/>

<JSON src="login/two-factor/request.json" />

# Email Templates

import TemplateContentLimits from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_template-content-limits.mdx';
import EmailTemplateBaseUrlNote from 'src/content/docs/customize/email-and-messages/_template-base-url-note.mdx';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

FusionAuth will use email templates to send a Forgot Password request, and other built in workflows. You may also create your own email templates and send them to Users via the [Send Email](/docs/apis/emails#send-an-email) API.

## Allowed Content

<TemplateContentLimits />

## Managing Templates

FusionAuth ships with several templates to support Forgot Password, Setup Password, Verify Email and other workflows. You will want to modify these templates prior to using them in production.

Apart from modifying them to be more cosmetically pleasing or to match your brand, you will need to ensure the URL used in the template is correct. You will need to ensure the URL is publicly accessible.

<EmailTemplateBaseUrlNote />

When you first log into FusionAuth and navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Email Templates</Breadcrumb> you will see the following templates.

<img src="/img/docs/customize/email-and-messages/stock-email-templates.png" alt="Stock Email Templates" width="1200" role="shadowed" />

For example, below is the email body of the Email Verification template as it is shipped with FusionAuth.

<img src="/img/docs/customize/email-and-messages/stock-verify-email-template.png" alt="Stock Verify Email Template" width="1200" role="shadowed" />

At a minimum, you will need to update this URL to a publicly accessible URL that can reach FusionAuth.

If you will be handling Email Verification yourself, you will need to update this URL to be that of your own. You will notice the one replacement variable in this template named `${verificationId}`. See the Replacement Variables section below for additional detail, but these variables will be replaced when the template is rendered.

### Base Information

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Id" optional>
    The unique Id of the email template. The template Id may not be changed and will be used to interact with the template when using the Email APIs.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Name" required>
    The name of the template. This value is for display purposes only and can be changed at any time.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Default Subject" required>
    The default subject of the email. The default value will be used unless a localized version is found to be a better match based upon the User's preferred locales.

    This field supports replacement variables.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="From Email" optional>
    The from email address used to send this template. As of version 1.16.0, this field is optional.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Default from Name" optional>
    The default from name of the email. The default value will be used unless a localized version is found to be a better match based upon the User's preferred locales.

    This field supports replacement variables.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

## Localization

The email template body (both HTML and text values), subject, and from name fields can be localized.

You can associate these values with a locale. If a user has a preferred language, the localized template will be used when this email is sent.

<img src="/img/docs/customize/email-and-messages/localized-email-template.png" alt="A localized email template for the French locale." width="1200" />

# Email Variables

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import EmailTemplateBaseUrlNote from 'src/content/docs/customize/email-and-messages/_template-base-url-note.mdx';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import EnterprisePlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_enterprise-plan-blurb.astro';
import ConfirmChildHTML from 'src/content/docs/_shared/email/_confirm-child-html.mdx';
import ConfirmChildText from 'src/content/docs/_shared/email/_confirm-child-txt.mdx';
import TwoFactorRemoveHTML from 'src/content/docs/_shared/email/_two-factor-remove-html.mdx';
import TwoFactorRemoveText from 'src/content/docs/_shared/email/_two-factor-remove-txt.mdx';
import COPPANoticeHTML from 'src/content/docs/_shared/email/_coppa-notice-html.mdx';
import COPPANoticeText from 'src/content/docs/_shared/email/_coppa-notice-txt.mdx';
import ParentRegistrationHTML from 'src/content/docs/_shared/email/_parent-registration-html.mdx';
import ParentRegistrationText from 'src/content/docs/_shared/email/_parent-registration-txt.mdx';
import RegistrationVerificationHTML from 'src/content/docs/_shared/email/_registration-verification-html.mdx';
import RegistrationVerificationText from 'src/content/docs/_shared/email/_registration-verification-txt.mdx';
import PasswordlessLoginTemplates from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_passwordless-login-templates.mdx';
import SetupPasswordTemplates from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_set-password-templates.mdx';
import BreachedPasswordHTML from 'src/content/docs/_shared/email/_breached-password-html.mdx';
import BreachedPasswordText from 'src/content/docs/_shared/email/_breached-password-txt.mdx';
import COPPAEmailPlusNoticeHTML from 'src/content/docs/_shared/email/_coppa-email-plus-notice-html.mdx';
import COPPAEmailPlusNoticeText from 'src/content/docs/_shared/email/_coppa-email-plus-notice-txt.mdx';
import ChangePasswordHTML from 'src/content/docs/_shared/email/_change-password-html.mdx';
import ChangePasswordText from 'src/content/docs/_shared/email/_change-password-txt.mdx';
import TwoFactorLoginHTML from 'src/content/docs/_shared/email/_two-factor-login-html.mdx';
import TwoFactorLoginText from 'src/content/docs/_shared/email/_two-factor-login-txt.mdx';
import EmailVerificationHTML from 'src/content/docs/_shared/email/_email-verification-html.mdx';
import EmailVerificationText from 'src/content/docs/_shared/email/_email-verification-txt.mdx';
import ThreatDetectedHTML from 'src/content/docs/_shared/email/_threat-detected-html.mdx';
import ThreatDetectedText from 'src/content/docs/_shared/email/_threat-detected-txt.mdx';
import TwoFactorAddHTML from 'src/content/docs/_shared/email/_two-factor-add-html.mdx';
import TwoFactorAddText from 'src/content/docs/_shared/email/_two-factor-add-txt.mdx';

{/* MAKE SURE YOU UPDATE astro/src/content/docs/_shared/email/template_url_list if you add any templates */}

The email template body (both HTML and text values), subject, and from name fields support replacement variables. This means placeholders can be inserted and the value will be calculated at the time the email template is rendered and sent to a user.

Most templates will contain the User object as returned on the Retrieve User API. This means you can utilize any value found on the User object such as email, first name, last name, etc.

Below you will find each stock template that FusionAuth ships for reference. The available replacement values will be outlined below for each template.

<Aside type="caution">
If you create a template with content and template variables for one type of email template (Forgot Password), but assign it to another type of email template (Passwordless Login, for example), the email will not be sent as expected.

Instead, the attempt will fail and there will be an error added to the Event Log.
</Aside>

### Retrieving Default Templates

In order to version control the templates or customize them, you can use the admin UI. But you can also pull retrieve them all by using the following command:

```
wget -i https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-site/main/astro/src/content/docs/_shared/email/template_url_list
```

This will place all the email templates in the current working directory.

## Using Replacement Variables

Below are some basic examples of using replacement values in your email templates.

Consider the following User represented by this condensed JSON object.

```json
{
  "email": "monica@piedpiper.com",
  "firstName": "Monica",
  "id": "1c592f8a-59c6-4a09-82f8-f4257e3ea4c8",
  "lastName": "Hall"
}
```

The following are example usages with a rendered output based upon the above mentioned example User. The replacement variables are rendered
using [Apache FreeMarker](https://freemarker.apache.org/docs/index.html) which is an HTML template language.

A default value should be provided for variables that may be undefined at runtime such as `firstName`. See `firstName` in the example below
is followed by a bang `!` and then the string `Unknown User`. This indicates that if `firstName` is undefined when the template is rendered the value
of `Unknown User` should be used as a default value.

*Template Source*
```html
Hi ${user.firstName!'Unknown User'}, welcome to Pied Piper.

Please verify your email address ${user.email} by following the provided link.

https://piedpiper.fusionauth.io/email/verify/${verificationId}
- Admin
```

*Rendered Output*
```html
Hi Monica, welcome to Pied Piper.

Please verify your email address monica@piedpiper.com by following the provided link.

https://piedpiper.fusionauth.io/email/verify/YkQY5Gsyo4RlfmDciBGRmvfj3RmatUqrbjoIZ19fmw4
- Admin
```

## Custom Replacement Variables

In addition to the variables mentioned in the previous section, when defining your own email templates to be used by the [Send Email](/docs/apis/emails#send-an-email) API
custom data may be provided on the API request to be used in the email template.

On Send Email API request the contents of the `requestData` field will be made available to you when the template is rendered.

For example, consider the following request to the Send API to send email template Id `1bc118ae-d5fa-4cdf-a90e-e8ef55c3e11e` to the User by Id `ce485a91-906f-4615-af75-81d37dc71e90`.

<API method="POST" uri="/api/email/send/1bc118ae-d5fa-4cdf-a90e-e8ef55c3e11e"/>

```json title="Example Request JSON"
{
  "requestData": {
    "paymentAmount": "$9.99",
    "product": "party hat",
    "quantity": "12"
  },
  "userIds": [
    "ce485a91-906f-4615-af75-81d37dc71e90"
  ]
}
```

*Template Source*
```html
Hello ${user.firstName!''},

Thank you for your purchase! We value your business, please come again!

Product: ${requestData.product!'unknown'}
Quantity: ${requestData.quantity!'unknown'}

- Pied Piper Customer Success
```

*Rendered Output*
```html
Hello Kelly,

Thank you for your purchase! We value your business, please come again!

Product: party hat
Quantity: 12

- Pied Piper Customer Success
```

## Available Email Templates

Below is an overview of each email template that ships with FusionAuth.

<EmailTemplateBaseUrlNote />

### Breached Password

<BreachedPasswordHTML />

<BreachedPasswordText />

#### Replacement Variables

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="application" type="Application" since="1.27.2">
    The Application object, see the Application API for field definitions.

    *Note*:
    This object may not be available depending upon when this template is constructed. If you utilize this object in your template, ensure you first check to see if it is defined.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="breachResult.loginIds">
    The breach result matching loginIds. This is an array of zero or more email addresses or usernames found in the breach result matching this user. A length of zero means only the password was matched.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="breachResult.match" type="String">
    The breach result match type determined by the FusionAuth Reactor. Possible values include:

    * `ExactMatch` The User's loginId and password were found exactly as entered.
    * `SubAddressMatch` The User's loginId and password were matched, but the email address was a sub-address match. For example, `joe+test@example.com` is a sub-address match for `joe@example.com`.
    * `PasswordOnly` Only the password found, the loginId and password combination were not matched.
    * `CommonPassword` The User's password was found to be one of the most commonly known breached passwords.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tenant" type="Tenant">
    The Tenant object, see the Tenant API for field definitions.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="user" type="User">
    The User object, see the User API for field definitions.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Confirm Child

<ConfirmChildHTML />

<ConfirmChildText />

#### Replacement Variables

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="child" type="User">
    The child User object, see the User API for field definitions of a User.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="parent" type="User">
    The parent User object, see the User API for field definitions of a User.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tenant" type="Tenant" since="1.18.2">
    The Tenant object, see the Tenant API for field definitions.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="user">
    The parent User object. This field has been deprecated, please use the `parent` object instead.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### COPPA Email Plus Notice

<COPPAEmailPlusNoticeHTML />

<COPPAEmailPlusNoticeText />

#### Replacement Variables

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="consent" type="UserConsent">
    The User Consent object, see the Consent API for field definitions of a User consent.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tenant" type="Tenant" since="1.18.2">
    The Tenant object, see the Tenant API for field definitions of a Tenant.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="user" type="User">
    The User giving consent, see the User API for field definitions of a User.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### COPPA Notice

<COPPANoticeHTML />

<COPPANoticeText />

#### Replacement Variables

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="tenant" type="Tenant" since="1.18.2">
    The Tenant object, see the Tenant API for field definitions of a Tenant.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="user" type="User">
    The User giving consent, see the User API for field definitions of a User.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Email Verification

<EmailVerificationHTML />

<EmailVerificationText />

#### Replacement Variables

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="application" type="Application" since="1.21.0">
    The Application object, see the Application API for field definitions.

    *Note*:
    This object may not be available depending upon when this template is constructed. If you utilize this object in your template, ensure you first check to see if it is defined.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tenant" type="Tenant" since="1.18.2">
    The Tenant object, see the Tenant API for field definitions of a Tenant.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="user" type="User">
    The User object, see the User API for field definitions of a User.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="verificationId" type="String">
    The verification Id intended to be used by the [Verify Email](/docs/apis/users#verify-a-users-email) API.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="verificationOneTimeCode" type="String">
    The verification One Time Code (OTP) to be used with the gated Email Verification workflow. The user enters this code to verify their email.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Forgot Password

This is also known as the "Change Password" template.

<ChangePasswordHTML />

<ChangePasswordText />

#### Replacement Variables

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="application" type="Application" since="1.21.0">
    The Application object, see the Application API for field definitions.

    *Note*:
    This object may not be available depending upon when this template is constructed. If you utilize this object in your template, ensure you first check to see if it is defined.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="changePasswordId" type="String">
    The change password Id intended to be used by the [Change a User's Password](/docs/apis/users#change-a-users-password) API.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="state" type="Object">
    If the `state` was provided during the Forgot Password request, it will be available to you in the email template.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tenant" type="Tenant" since="1.18.2">
    The Tenant object, see the Tenant API for field definitions.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="user" type="User">
    The User object, see the User API for field definitions of a User.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Parent Registration Request

<ParentRegistrationHTML />

<ParentRegistrationText />

#### Replacement Variables

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="child" type="User">
    The child User object, see the User API for field definitions of a User.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tenant" type="Tenant" since="1.18.2">
    The Tenant object, see the Tenant API for field definitions of a Tenant.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Passwordless Login

<PasswordlessLoginTemplates />

#### Replacement Variables

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="application" type="Application" since="1.21.0">
    The Application object, see the Application API for field definitions.

    *Note*:
    This object may not be available depending upon when this template is constructed. If you utilize this object in your template, ensure you first check to see if it is defined.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="code" type="String">
    The unique code intended to be used by the [Complete a Passwordless Login](/docs/apis/passwordless#complete-a-passwordless-login) API.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="state" type="Object">
    If the `state` was provided when the Passwordless request was initiated, it will be available to you in the email template.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tenant" type="Tenant" since="1.18.2">
    The Tenant object, see the Tenant API for field definitions of a Tenant.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="user" type="User">
    The User object, see the User API for field definitions of a User.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Registration Verification

<RegistrationVerificationHTML />

<RegistrationVerificationText />

#### Replacement Variables

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="application" type="Application" since="1.21.0">
    The Application object, see the Application API for field definitions.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="registration">
    The User Registration object, see the Registration API for field definitions of a User.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tenant" type="Tenant" since="1.18.2">
    The Tenant object, see the Tenant API for field definitions of a Tenant.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="user" type="User">
    The User object, see the User API for field definitions of a User.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="verificationId" type="String">
    The verification Id intended to be used by the [Verify a User Registration](/docs/apis/registrations#verify-a-user-registration) API.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="verificationOneTimeCode" type="String">
    The verification One Time Code to be used with the Gated Registration workflow. The user enters this code to verify their email.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Set Up Password

<SetupPasswordTemplates/>

#### Replacement Variables

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="application" type="Application" since="1.21.0">
    The Application object, see the Application API for field definitions.

    *Note*:
    This object may not be available depending upon when this template is constructed. If you utilize this object in your template, ensure you first check to see if it is defined.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="changePasswordId" type="String">
    The change password Id intended to be used by the [Change a User's Password](/docs/apis/users#change-a-users-password) API.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tenant" type="Tenant" since="1.18.2">
    The Tenant object, see the Tenant API for field definitions of a Tenant.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="user" type="User">
    The User object, see the User API for field definitions of a User.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Threat Detected

<EnterprisePlanBlurb />

<ThreatDetectedHTML />

<ThreatDetectedText />

#### Replacement Variables

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="application" type="Application" since="1.28.0">
    The Application object, see the [Application API](/docs/apis/applications) for field definitions.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="event.info" type="EventInfo">
    The EventInfo object, see the [User Login Suspicious](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/login/user-login-suspicious) event definition for example field definitions.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tenant" type="Tenant" since="1.18.2">
    The Tenant object, see the [Tenant API](/docs/apis/tenants) for field definitions.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="user" type="User">
    The User object, see the [User API](/docs/apis/users) for field definitions of a User.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Two Factor Authentication

<TwoFactorLoginHTML />

<TwoFactorLoginText />

#### Replacement Variables

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="application" type="Application" since="1.46.0">
    The Application object, see the [Application API](/docs/apis/applications) for field definitions.

    *Note*:
    This object may not be available depending upon when this template is constructed. If you utilize this object in your template, ensure you first check to see if it is defined. You can check for this variable safely in FreeMarker using the missing value test operator and an `if` statement:

```html
[#if application??]
  [#-- Use application here --]
[/#if]
```

    This object is not available on the email template when:

     * The multi-factor workflow was [started](/docs/apis/two-factor#start-multi-factor) without providing the `applicationId` on that request.
     * Multi-factor authentication is required during a call to the [login API](/docs/apis/login#authenticate-a-user) without providing the `applicationId` parameter. That documentation points out that there is likely no production use case where calling the API without the `applicationId` parameter is useful.
     * The message is being sent to [enable](/docs/apis/two-factor#send-a-multi-factor-code-when-enabling-mfa) or [disable](/docs/apis/two-factor#send-a-multi-factor-code-when-disabling-mfa) a multi-factor method without providing the `applicationId` on the request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="code" type="String">
    A code that the user must provide to complete multi-factor authentication.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tenant" type="Tenant" since="1.18.2">
    The Tenant object, see the [Tenant API](/docs/apis/tenants) for field definitions.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="user" type="User">
    The User object, see the [User API](/docs/apis/users) for field definitions of a User.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Two Factor Authentication Method Added

<EnterprisePlanBlurb />

<TwoFactorAddHTML />

<TwoFactorAddText />

#### Replacement Variables

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="application" type="Application" since="1.28.0">
    The Application object, see the [Application API](/docs/apis/applications) for field definitions.

    *Note*:
    This object may not be available depending upon when this template is constructed. If you utilize this object in your template, ensure you first check to see if it is defined. You can check for this variable safely in freemarker by wrapping the variable as such: `${(application)!""}`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="event" type="Event">
    The Event object for a two factor add event.  See the [Webhooks & Events section](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/user-two-factor-method-add) for field definitions.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="method" type="Object">
    The two-factor method that was added. See the [Multi Factor/Two Factor APIs](/docs/apis/two-factor) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tenant" type="Tenant">
    The Tenant object, see the [Tenant API](/docs/apis/tenants) for field definitions.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="user" type="User">
    The User object, see the [User API](/docs/apis/users) for field definitions of a User.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Two Factor Authentication Method Removed

<EnterprisePlanBlurb />

<TwoFactorRemoveHTML />

<TwoFactorRemoveText />

#### Replacement Variables

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="application" type="Application">
    The Application object, see the [Application API](/docs/apis/applications) for field definitions.

    *Note*:
    This object may not be available depending upon when this template is constructed. If you utilize this object in your template, ensure you first check to see if it is defined. You can check for this variable safely in freemarker by wrapping the variable as such: `${(application)!""}`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="event" type="Event">
    The Event object for a two factor remove event.  See the [Webhooks & Events section](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/user-two-factor-method-remove) for field definitions.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="method" type="Object">
    The two-factor method that was removed. See the [Multi Factor/Two Factor APIs](/docs/apis/two-factor) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tenant" type="Tenant">
    The Tenant object, see the [Tenant API](/docs/apis/tenants) for field definitions.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="user" type="User">
    The User object, see the [User API](/docs/apis/users) for field definitions of a User.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

# Generic Messenger

import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import SecuringHttpRequests from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_securing_http_requests.mdx';

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.26.0`
</Aside>

Currently, built-in messengers are only provided to send messages via Twilio or email. If you need to connect to a messaging provider other than Twilio, whether you want to send SMS messages or use a different transport layer such as push notifications, you can use the Generic messenger configuration.

The generic messenger allows for a simple JSON REST API integration which allows you to receive a message from FusionAuth to an arbitrary URL. The Generic Message Receiver at this URL may then make an API call to any third party messaging provider.

To create a new generic messenger, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Messengers</Breadcrumb>. Click <InlineUIElement>Add Generic Messenger</InlineUIElement> from the dropdown in the upper right.

### Add Generic Messenger


<img src="/img/docs/customize/email-and-messages/add-generic-messenger-home-crop.png" alt="Add Generic Messenger Home"  role="bottom-cropped"  width="1200" />

Complete the following fields:

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Id" optional>
    A unique UUID is auto generated if left blank.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Name" required>
    For display only. Name of this generic messenger.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="URL" required>
    This is the URL of the messaging service you wish to connect to.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Connect timeout" required>
    In milliseconds, how long to keep the socket open when connecting to the messenger.
    Must be an integer and greater than 0.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Read timeout" required>
    In milliseconds, how long to keep the socket open when reading to the messenger.
    Must be an integer and greater than 0.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Debug enabled" optional>
    When enabled, each message sent using this messenger will generate a new Debug Event Log which can be viewed using the Event Log API or from the admin UI by navigating to <Breadcrumb>System -> Event Log</Breadcrumb>.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Security

<img src="/img/docs/customize/email-and-messages/security-sub-add-generic.png" alt="Generic Messenger Security Tab"  width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped top-cropped" />

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Basic auth username" optional>
    Username used to authenticate with the generic messenger
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Basic auth password" optional>
    Password used to authenticate with the generic messenger
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Certificate" optional>
    The SSL certificate in PEM format to be used when connecting to the messenger API endpoint. When provided an in memory keystore will be generated in order to complete the HTTPS connection to the messenger API endpoint.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Headers

<img src="/img/docs/customize/email-and-messages/headers-sub-add-generic-crop.png" alt="Generic Messenger Headers Tab"  role="top-cropped bottom-cropped"  width="1200" />

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Add Headers" optional>
    In these fields, you can add custom key and value pairs. These will be sent as headers on the request.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Testing Your Configuration

<img src="/img/docs/customize/email-and-messages/configuration-test-generic.png" alt="Test Configuration Generic"  role="top-cropped"  width="1200" />

You also can test your generic messenger configuration. By hitting `Test generic configuration` FusionAuth will fire a JSON message to the messenger to ensure everything is set up correctly.

## Writing the Generic Message Receiver

You need to write a server side component, a receiver, which will be deployed at a URL to consume the message sent from FusionAuth. At that point, it can proxy the request to any third party messaging service. In other words, a FusionAuth Generic Messenger is a thin coordination layer between FusionAuth and other messaging services. An application with the proper permissions, code and configuration to relay a message must exist at the configured URL. This receiver component may be written in any language that can consume a JSON message.

The request to your endpoint will be delivered as JSON.
When your application receives this message from FusionAuth, it should take whatever steps necessary to send the message, such as:

* call into a SDK provided by the third party
* make an API request to a vendor provided endpoint
* call multiple internal APIs
* anything else that may be required

### Request

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="phoneNumber" type="String">
    The phone number of the user to which this message should be sent.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="textMessage" type="String">
    The message text to send. This is built from the configured [message template](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/message-templates) and is localized.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="type" type="String">
    The type of the message. This will always be `SMS`.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example Message Payload JSON" src="messengers/generic-message-request.json" />

### Response

If the message was processed successfully, return a status code in the `200` to `299` range. No further processing will be performed by FusionAuth.

If the receiver is unsuccessful at sending the message, for whatever reason, return a status code outside of that range.

## Securing the Generic Message Receiver

<SecuringHttpRequests request_entity="Generic Message Receiver" request_entity_lc="generic-messenger" ssl_certificate_sentence="This must be an SSL certificate in PEM format" />

# Email & Messages

import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import EmailTroubleshooting from 'src/content/docs/customize/email-and-messages/_email-troubleshooting.mdx';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

This section is designed to review how to utilize email, email templates, and messenger templates in FusionAuth. See [Email APIs](/docs/apis/emails) for additional information on integrating directly with the email APIs and [Messenger Templates](/docs/apis/messengers/) for more information on modifying messenger templates directly.

## Email

Email and Email Templates are a core feature of FusionAuth. [Email Templates](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/email-templates-replacement-variables) allows you to communicate with your Users via email. You can manage these templates using the API, SDKs or manually. FusionAuth
provides [example email templates for workflows](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/email-templates-replacement-variables), but you should plan to revise them to reflect your sites branding. 

In order to use email templates and email based workflows, you will need to [configure an SMTP server](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/configure-email). 

Here's a brief video covering some aspects of email templates:

<YouTube id="3xQyIq9p4DQ"></YouTube>

## Message Templates

Message templates are used by Messengers. Currently there is only one messenger type: SMS. Just as with emails, these can be customized and localized, but unlike email templates, there are not HTML and text versions of a messenger template.

Here are the topics in this section:

* [Message Templates](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/message-templates)

## Troubleshooting

<EmailTroubleshooting />

# Message Templates

import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

FusionAuth will use message templates to send codes to users who have chosen an SMS MFA method. This is currently the only built-in workflow which uses message templates.

You may also create your own message templates with localized content and manage them using FusionAuth.

## Managing Templates

FusionAuth ships with a default message template to support SMS MFA workflows. However, it isn't assigned to the SMS Multi-Factor settings. To use it, configure the Tenant Multi-Factor settings.

You may also add new templates. Either use the [Message Template API](/docs/apis/message-templates) or the administrative user interface by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Message Templates</Breadcrumb>.

<img src="/img/docs/customize/email-and-messages/add-message-template.png" alt="Adding a message template" width="1200" />

### Base Information

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Id" optional>
    The unique Id of the Message Template. The template Id may not be changed and will be used to interact with the template when using the APIs.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Name" required>
    The name of the template. This value is for display purposes only and can be changed at any time.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Type" required>
    The type of the template. `SMS` is the only value currently supported.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

## Localization

The message template body can be localized.

You can associate the template text values with a locale. If a user has a preferred language, the localized template will be used when this text message is sent.

<img src="/img/docs/customize/email-and-messages/localize-message-template.png" alt="A localized message template for the German locale." width="1200" />

# Message Variables

import TemplateBaseUrlNote from 'src/content/docs/customize/email-and-messages/_template-base-url-note.mdx';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import EnterprisePlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_enterprise-plan-blurb.astro';
import TwoFactorRemovePhone from 'src/content/docs/_shared/message/_two-factor-remove-txt.mdx';
import PasswordlessLoginTemplates from 'src/content/docs/_shared/message/_passwordless-txt.mdx';
import SetupPasswordTemplates from 'src/content/docs/_shared/message/_setup-password-txt.mdx';
import ForgotPasswordPhone from 'src/content/docs/_shared/message/_forgot-password-txt.mdx';
import TwoFactorLoginPhone from 'src/content/docs/_shared/message/_two-factor-login-txt.mdx';
import PhoneVerification from 'src/content/docs/_shared/message/_phone-verification-txt.mdx';
import ThreatDetectedPhone from 'src/content/docs/_shared/message/_threat-detected-txt.mdx';
import TwoFactorAddPhone from 'src/content/docs/_shared/message/_two-factor-add-txt.mdx';

{/* MAKE SURE YOU UPDATE astro/src/content/docs/_shared/message/template_url_list if you add any templates */}

The message template body supports replacement variables. This means place holders can be inserted and the value will be calculated at the time the message template is rendered and sent to a user.

Most templates will contain the User object as returned on the Retrieve User API. This means you can utilize any value found on the User object such as email, first name, last name, etc.

Below you will find each stock template that FusionAuth ships for reference. The available replacement values will be outlined below for each template.

## Previewing Message Templates

FusionAuth provides the capability to preview message templates via the [Message Template API](/docs/apis/message-templates) or the administrative user interface by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Message Templates -> Edit -> Preview</Breadcrumb>. The following sample values are used when rendering the template.

| Parameter                    | Sample Value                                                                | Purpose                                                                 |
|------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `${application}`             | `{ "name": "My Application", "oauthConfiguration": { "clientId": "123456" } }` | Application name, `oauthConfiguration.clientId` for themed message links |
| `${changePasswordId}`        | `1234567890`                                                                | Embedded in change password and set password URLs                          |
| `${code}`                    | `123456`                                                                    | Embedded in MFA/Two Factor messages                                         |
| `${event}`                   | `{ "type": "UserLoginSuspicious", "info": {...} }`                          | Embedded in User Event messages                                             |
| `${method}`                  | `{ "id" : "FQLM", "method" : "email" }`                                     | Embedded in Two Factor Add/Remove event messages                            |
| `${oneTimeCode}`             | `88888`                                                                     | Embedded in passwordless login messages                                     |
| `${tenant}`                  | `{ "name": "My Tenant", "id": "78910" }`                                    | `tenant.id` allows links embedded in messages to render using the correct theme for that tenant. |
| `${user}`                    | `{ "firstName": "John", "lastName": "Doe" }`                                | User information and `user.tenantId` for themed message links          |
| `${verificationId}`          | `987654`                                                                    | Embedded in phone number verification messages                              |
| `${verificationOneTimeCode}` | `abcdef`                                                                    | Embedded in phone number verification messages                              |

## Retrieving Default Templates

In order to version control the templates or customize them, you can use the admin UI. But you can also pull retrieve them all by using the following command:

```
wget -i https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-site/main/astro/src/content/docs/_shared/message/template_url_list
```

This will place all the message templates in the current working directory.

## Using Replacement Variables

Below are some basic examples of using replacement values in your message templates.

Consider the following User represented by this condensed JSON object.

```json
{
  "phoneNumber": "+15555551234",
  "firstName": "Monica",
  "id": "1c592f8a-59c6-4a09-82f8-f4257e3ea4c8",
  "lastName": "Hall"
}
```

The following are example usages with a rendered output based upon the above mentioned example User. The replacement variables are rendered
using [Apache FreeMarker](https://freemarker.apache.org/docs/index.html) which is an HTML template language.

A default value should be provided for variables that may be undefined at runtime such as `firstName`. See `firstName` in the example below
is followed by a bang `!` and then the string `Unknown User`. This indicates that if `firstName` is undefined when the template is rendered the value
of `Unknown User` should be used as a default value.

*Template Source*
```html
Hi ${user.firstName!'Unknown User'}, welcome to Pied Piper.

Please verify your phone number ${user.phoneNumber} by following the provided link.

https://piedpiper.fusionauth.io/identity/verify/${verificationId}
- Admin
```

*Rendered Output*
```html
Hi Monica, welcome to Pied Piper.

Please verify your phone number +15555551234 by following the provided link.

https://piedpiper.fusionauth.io/identity/verify/YkQY5Gsyo4RlfmDciBGRmvfj3RmatUqrbjoIZ19fmw4
- Admin
```

## Available Message Templates

Below is an overview of each message template that ships with FusionAuth.

<TemplateBaseUrlNote />

### Forgot Password

This is also known as the "Change Password" template.

<ForgotPasswordPhone />

#### Replacement Variables

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="application" type="Application">
    The Application object, see the [Application API](/docs/apis/applications) for field definitions.

    *Note*:
    This object may not be available depending upon when this template is constructed. If you utilize this object in your template, ensure you first check to see if it is defined.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="changePasswordId" type="String">
    The change password Id that must be included as a path segment in the `/password/change` link. See the [theme variables](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/advanced-themes/template-variables) documentation for more information on how this value is used.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="state" type="Object">
    If the `state` was provided during the Forgot Password request, it will be available to you in the message template.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tenant" type="Tenant">
    The Tenant object, see the [Tenant API](/docs/apis/tenants) for field definitions.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="user" type="User">
    The User object, see the [User API](/docs/apis/users) for field definitions of a User.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Passwordless Login

<PasswordlessLoginTemplates />

#### Replacement Variables

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="application" type="Application">
    The Application object, see the Application API for field definitions.

    *Note*:
    This object may not be available depending upon when this template is constructed. If you utilize this object in your template, ensure you first check to see if it is defined.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="code" type="String">
    The unique code intended to be used by the [Complete a Passwordless Login](/docs/apis/passwordless#complete-a-passwordless-login) API.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="state" type="Object">
    If the `state` was provided when the Passwordless request was initiated, it will be available to you in the template.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tenant" type="Tenant">
    The Tenant object, see the Tenant API for field definitions of a Tenant.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="user" type="User">
    The User object, see the [User API](/docs/apis/users) for field definitions of a User.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Phone Verification

<PhoneVerification />

#### Replacement Variables

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="application" type="Application">
    The Application object, see the Application API for field definitions.

    *Note*:
    This object may not be available depending upon when this template is constructed. If you utilize this object in your template, ensure you first check to see if it is defined.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tenant" type="Tenant">
    The Tenant object, see the [Tenant API](/docs/apis/tenants) for field definitions.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="user" type="User">
    The User object, see the [User API](/docs/apis/users) for field definitions of a User.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="verificationId" type="String">
    The verification Id intended to be used by the [Identity Verify](/docs/apis/identity-verify) API.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="verificationOneTimeCode" type="String">
    The verification One Time Code (OTP) to be used with the gated Phone Verification workflow. The user enters this code to verify their phone number.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Set Up Password

<SetupPasswordTemplates/>

#### Replacement Variables

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="application" type="Application">
    The Application object, see the Application API for field definitions.

    *Note*:
    This object may not be available depending upon when this template is constructed. If you utilize this object in your template, ensure you first check to see if it is defined.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="changePasswordId" type="String">
    The change password Id intended to be used by the [Change a User's Password](/docs/apis/users#change-a-users-password) API.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tenant" type="Tenant">
    The Tenant object, see the [Tenant API](/docs/apis/tenants) for field definitions.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="user" type="User">
    The User object, see the [User API](/docs/apis/users) for field definitions of a User.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Threat Detected

<EnterprisePlanBlurb />

<ThreatDetectedPhone />

#### Replacement Variables

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="application" type="Application">
    The Application object, see the [Application API](/docs/apis/applications) for field definitions.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="event.info" type="EventInfo">
    The EventInfo object, see the [User Login Suspicious](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/login/user-login-suspicious) event definition for example field definitions.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tenant" type="Tenant">
    The Tenant object, see the [Tenant API](/docs/apis/tenants) for field definitions.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="user" type="User">
    The User object, see the [User API](/docs/apis/users) for field definitions of a User.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Two Factor Authentication

<EnterprisePlanBlurb />

<TwoFactorLoginPhone />

#### Replacement Variables

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="application" type="Application">
    The Application object, see the [Application API](/docs/apis/applications) for field definitions.

    *Note*:
    This object may not be available depending upon when this template is constructed. If you utilize this object in your template, ensure you first check to see if it is defined. You can check for this variable safely in FreeMarker using the missing value test operator and an `if` statement:

```html
[#if application??]
  [#-- Use application here --]
[/#if]
```

    This object is not available on the message template when:

     * The multi-factor workflow was [started](/docs/apis/two-factor#start-multi-factor) without providing the `applicationId` on that request.
     * Multi-factor authentication is required during a call to the [login API](/docs/apis/login#authenticate-a-user) without providing the `applicationId` parameter. That documentation points out that there is likely no production use case where calling the API without the `applicationId` parameter is useful.
     * The message is being sent to [enable](/docs/apis/two-factor#send-a-multi-factor-code-when-enabling-mfa) or [disable](/docs/apis/two-factor#send-a-multi-factor-code-when-disabling-mfa) a multi-factor method without providing the `applicationId` on the request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="code" type="String">
    A code that the user must provide to complete multi-factor authentication.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="email" type="String">
    Email address associated with the `user`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="mobilePhone" type="String">
    Mobile phone number associated with the `user`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tenant" type="Tenant">
    The Tenant object, see the [Tenant API](/docs/apis/tenants) for field definitions.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="user" type="User">
    The User object, see the [User API](/docs/apis/users) for field definitions of a User.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Two Factor Authentication Method Added

<EnterprisePlanBlurb />

<TwoFactorAddPhone />

#### Replacement Variables

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="application" type="Application">
    The Application object, see the [Application API](/docs/apis/applications) for field definitions.

    *Note*:
    This object may not be available depending upon when this template is constructed. If you utilize this object in your template, ensure you first check to see if it is defined. You can check for this variable safely in freemarker by wrapping the variable as such: `${(application)!""}`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="event" type="Event">
    The Event object for a two factor add event.  See the [Webhooks & Events section](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/user-two-factor-method-add) for field definitions.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="method" type="Object">
    The two-factor method that was added. See the [Multi Factor/Two Factor APIs](/docs/apis/two-factor) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tenant" type="Tenant">
    The Tenant object, see the [Tenant API](/docs/apis/tenants) for field definitions.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="user" type="User">
    The User object, see the [User API](/docs/apis/users) for field definitions of a User.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Two Factor Authentication Method Removed

<EnterprisePlanBlurb />

<TwoFactorRemovePhone />

#### Replacement Variables

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="application" type="Application">
    The Application object, see the [Application API](/docs/apis/applications) for field definitions.

    *Note*:
    This object may not be available depending upon when this template is constructed. If you utilize this object in your template, ensure you first check to see if it is defined. You can check for this variable safely in freemarker by wrapping the variable as such: `${(application)!""}`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="event" type="Event">
    The Event object for a two factor remove event.  See the [Webhooks & Events section](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/user-two-factor-method-remove) for field definitions.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="method" type="Object">
    The two-factor method that was removed. See the [Multi Factor/Two Factor APIs](/docs/apis/two-factor) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tenant" type="Tenant">
    The Tenant object, see the [Tenant API](/docs/apis/tenants) for field definitions.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="user" type="User">
    The User object, see the [User API](/docs/apis/users) for field definitions of a User.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

# Messengers

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.26.0`
</Aside>

Messengers are used to send messages from within FusionAuth to other systems.

### Message Transports

Each messenger type is assigned a read-only transport value of `sms`. This tells FusionAuth which configurations the messenger may be assigned to.  For example, when configuring `SMS settings` in [multi-factor configuration](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/multi-factor-authentication#tenant-mfa-settings-enable-methods-policies-templates) on a Tenant, we can safely assign only messengers designated with the corresponding transport value.

## Set Up a Messenger

In FusionAuth, you can set up three types of messengers:

- [Set Up a Generic Messenger](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/generic-messenger)
- [Set Up a Twilio Messenger](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/twilio-messenger)

To configure a messenger, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Messengers</Breadcrumb> and click on the appropriate messenger type in the top right.

## Create a Messenger Template

Message templates are a powerful way to customize messengers and the communication contained within. FusionAuth uses FreeMarker for all templating.

- [Manage Message Templates](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/message-templates)

To configure a message template, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Message Templates</Breadcrumb>.

# Twilio Messenger

import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.26.0`
</Aside>

This page explains how to connect your FusionAuth instance to Twilio messenger to send SMS messages.

To create a new Twilio messenger, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Messengers</Breadcrumb>. Click <InlineUIElement>Add Twilio Messenger</InlineUIElement> from the dropdown in the upper right.

### Add Twilio Messenger

<img src="/img/docs/customize/email-and-messages/add-messenger-twilio.png" alt="Add Messenger Twilio"  width="1200" />

Complete the following fields:

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Id" optional>
    A unique UUID is auto generated if left blank.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Name" required>
    The name of the messenger. You can have multiple Twilio messengers with different accounts. This is used for display only.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="URL" required>
    Provided by Twilio. This is the URL of the Twilio messaging service you wish to connect to.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Account SID" required>
    Provided by Twilio.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Auth token" required>
    Provided by Twilio.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="From phone number" optional>
    The outgoing phone number of your messenger service.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Messaging service Id" optional>
    Provided by Twilio and is often used in conjunction with the Copilot service.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Debug enabled" optional>
    When enabled, each message sent using this messenger will generate a new Debug Event Log which can be viewed using the Event Log API or from the admin UI by navigating to <Breadcrumb>System -> Event Log</Breadcrumb>.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Testing Your Configuration

<img src="/img/docs/customize/email-and-messages/configuration-test-twilio.png" alt="Test Configuration Twilio"  role="top-cropped bottom-cropped"  width="1200" />

You also can test your Twilio messenger configuration. By hitting `Send test message` FusionAuth will fire a test SMS message to your Twilio messenger to ensure everything is set up correctly.

# Customize

import PageNavCard from '/src/components/PageNavCard.astro';

This section contains information about various ways you can customize the look and feel of FusionAuth to better suit your needs.

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/customize/look-and-feel" title="Themes"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/customize/email-and-messages" title="Email and Messages"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/customize/cli" title="CLI"/>
</div>

# Theme Examples

import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';

Want to show off your FusionAuth theming skills? Feel free to send us a few screenshots and you may show up on this page!

### Celery Payroll
https://www.celerypayroll.com

The left image is the login page rendered in English, the right example is the same page in Dutch using FusionAuth localization.

<img src="/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/celery-login_en.png" alt="Celery Login English" width="500" role="box-shadow margin-right" />

<img src="/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/celery-login_nl.png" alt="Celery Login Dutch" width="500" role="box-shadow" />

### Gmork Tech

https://dagger.gmork.tech/

<img src="/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/gmork-tech-login.png" alt="Gmork Tech" width="500" role="box-shadow" />

### Oryx Software

<img src="/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/oryx-login.png" alt="Oryx Software" width="500" role="box-shadow" />

# Themes Helper Macros

import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import RecaptchaValues from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_recaptcha-values.mdx';

FusionAuth has a template that contains a number of macros used in all of the page templates. This template is located at `../_helpers.ftl` and it contains a number of FreeMarker macros. The rest of the pages use these macros to generate various pieces of the HTML. The macros contained in `_helpers.ftl` are:

## Section Helpers

* `html`
  * Renders the `<html>` element
* `head`
  * Renders the `<head>` element and everything inside it including the `<title>`, CSS, Java Script, and meta information
* `body`
  * Renders the `<body>` element
* `header`
  * Renders any type of header for each page. This could be a navigation bar, side bar, or page details
* `main`
  * Renders the main content body of each page. If all of your pages will have similar HTML elements like a container, this is the place to put them.
* `footer`
  * Renders the footer content of each page. This might contain links, nav, privacy policies, etc.

Here is an example of what one of these helpers looks like:

```html title="HTML helper"
[#macro html]
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  [#nested/]
</html>
[/#macro]
```

The key to these macros is the `[#nested/]` element. This is the location that FreeMarker will insert any nested content when you use the macro. Here is an example of using this macro:

```html title="Example usage of HTML macro"
[@helpers.html]
<body>
Hello world!
</body>
[/@helpers.html]
```

Everything inside the macro will be place where the `[#nested/]` element is. Therefore, the result of our example would be this HTML:

```html title="Example result"
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
Hello world!
</body>
</html>
```

All of the page templates use these macros, which makes it much easier to style all of the pages at one time. You simply edit the macros and your changes will take effect on all of the pages listed above.

## Social (alternative) Login Helpers

In addition to the section helpers, the `_helpers.ftl` template also contains additional macros that can be used to setup social and alternative logins. Currently, FusionAuth supports these social login providers:

* Apple
* Epic Games
* Facebook
* Google
* HYPR
* LinkedIn
* Sony PlayStation Network
* Steam
* Twitch
* Twitter
* Xbox
* Generic OpenID Connect
* Generic SAML v2
* Generic SAML v2 Identity Provider Initiated

This macro can be included on the Authorize or Register page.

* `/oauth2/authorize`
* `/oauth2/register`, available since 1.28.0

Once you have configured your alternative logins (called identity providers in the interface and API), they will appear on the FusionAuth stock login form. This is because our stock login form includes this code:

```html title="Social login code"
[@helpers.head]
  [@helpers.alternativeLoginsScript clientId=client_id identityProviders=identityProviders/]
  ...
[/@helpers.head]

[@helpers.body]
  ...

  [@helpers.alternativeLogins clientId=client_id identityProviders=identityProviders/]
[/@helpers.body]
```

The first macro (`alternativeLoginScripts`) includes the JavaScript libraries that FusionAuth uses to hook up the identity providers. Unless you want to write your own JavaScript or use a third-party library, you will need this JavaScript in the `<head>` tag in order for FusionAuth to leverage external login providers.

The second macro (`alternativeLogins`) produces the login buttons for each of the configured identity providers. These buttons are all hooked up to the JavaScript included in the `<head>` of the page in order to make it all work nicely.

You might want to use your own buttons for social logins. This is possible with FusionAuth, but you will need to do a couple of things to make it all work.

First, you need to remove the `[@helpers.alternativeLogins]` macro call.

Second, you need to use a specific `id` or `class` on your HTML element for the button. Here are the `id` s or `class` es for each identity provider:

* `id="apple-login-button"` is used for Apple
* `id="epicgames-login-button"` is used for Epic Games
* `id="google-login-button"` is used for Google
* `id="facebook-login-button"` is used for Facebook
* `id="linkedin-login-button"` is used for LinkedIn
* `id="sonypsn-login-button"` is used for Sony PlayStation Network
* `id="steam-login-button"` is used for Steam
* `id="twitch-login-button"` is used for Twitch
* `id="twitter-login-button"` is used for Twitter
* `id="xbox-login-button"` is used for Xbox
* `class="openid login-button"` is used for Generic OpenID Connect
* `class="samlv2 login-button"` is used for Generic SAML v2

And finally, you need to ensure that Prime.js is included on your page. This library ships with FusionAuth and you just need to ensure it is included like this:

```html title="Prime.js include"
<script src="/js/prime-min.js"></script>
```

## Alert and Error Helpers

The `_helpers.ftl` template also provides a couple of macros that can be used to output errors and alerts that might occur. The best bet is to include these macros in your `main` macro. Here are the macros and their purpose:

* `printErrorAlerts`
  * This outputs any error alerts. These are normally displayed at the top of the page and you might want to make them able to be dismiss (i.e. removed from the page).
* `printInfoAlerts`
  * This outputs any informational alerts. These are the same as the errors, but might have different CSS.
* `alert`
  * This macro is used by the `printErrorAlerts` and `printInfoAlerts` but you can also use it directly to display an error or info message anywhere on the page.

## Form Helpers

The `_helpers.ftl` template provides a couple of macros that help render form elements and output form errors. Here are the macros you can use:

* `hidden`
  * This outputs a hidden input element. Many pieces of the OAuth workflow and the other pages in FusionAuth use hidden form fields to store data. This macro uses the `eval` feature of FreeMarker in order to pull in data that was in the request. You shouldn't edit this macro unless you know what you are doing.
* `input`
  * This outputs an input element plus a label and any errors that might have occurred on the form field. You can use this for text, passwords, and other input elements. FusionAuth also leverages `addons` which are icons next to the input field that provide visual cues to the user. This macro allows you to leverage addons as well. Similar to the `hidden` element, you should not edit this unless you know what you are doing.
* `errors`
  * This macro is used by the `input` macro to render errors on the field. You can use this if you write your own `input` macros. Otherwise, you likely won't use this.
* `button`
  * This macro renders a button that can be used to submit a form. The FusionAuth version of this macro includes an icon and the button text.
* `scopeConsentField`
  * This macro renders the appropriate form field for a requested OAuth scope on the OAuth _Consent prompt_ page. It automatically handles the field type and message resolution based on the application's configuration. It requires the `resolveScopeMessaging` function to be defined in `_helpers.ftl`.

## CAPTCHA

The `_helpers.ftl` template provides a macro to embed [CAPTCHA challenges](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenants#captcha-settings) into your templates.

* `captchaBadge`
  * Macro that adds a CAPTCHA badge to the template. See [template variables](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/advanced-themes/template-variables) for more information on the template variables. The macro's parameters are:

### Parameters
<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="captchaMethod" type="String">
    This is the type of CAPTCHA to use. Typically supplied by the `tenant.captchaConfiguration.captchaMethod` template variable. Valid values are:

    <RecaptchaValues />
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="showCaptcha" type="Boolean">
    This determines whether or not to show the CAPTCHA badge. Typically supplied by the `showCaptcha` template variable.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="siteKey" type="String">
    The `data-sitekey` value to use for the CAPTCHA. Typically supplied by the `tenant.captchaConfiguration.siteKey` template variable. Required if using `GoogleRecaptchaV3`.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Invisible reCAPTCHA
If you wish to enable an [invisible reCAPTCHA](https://developers.google.com/recaptcha/docs/invisible) element so that a CAPTCHA will still challenge a submit without a checkbox on the form you may do so by adding the `data-size` and `data-callback` attributes on the tag with the `g-recaptcha` class. In FusionAuth version 1.46.0 and later these attributes will be present in the default template but commented out.

```html title="Invisible tag"
[#if captchaMethod == "GoogleRecaptchaV2"]
      <div class="g-recaptcha" data-sitekey="${siteKey!''}"
        data-size="invisible"
        data-callback="reCaptchaV2InvisibleCallback"
      ></div>
 ...
```

<Aside type="note">
On versions of FusionAuth prior to 1.46.0 you will need to update the JavaScript in order to properly handle the form submit for invisible reCAPTCHA. See [the 1.46.0 release notes](/docs/release-notes/#version-1-46-0) for more information.
</Aside>

# Advanced Themes

import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import MessagesExample from 'src/content/docs/customize/look-and-feel/_messages-example.mdx';
import ThemeEnvironments from 'src/content/docs/operate/deploy/_theme-environment-management.mdx';
import ThemeTroubleshooting from 'src/content/docs/customize/look-and-feel/_theme-troubleshooting.mdx';
import Templates from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_theme_templates.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

FusionAuth's Advanced Theme Editor provides control over every aspect of the look and feel of your hosted login pages.

The Advanced Theme Editor allows editing page templates directly. This allows you to take full control over all of the hosted pages by creating an advanced theme and editing the HTML, CSS, and messages. This is a powerful way to create a fully custom experience, but it can be complex and time-consuming. Additionally, advanced themes may require upgrades when you update to a new version of FusionAuth.

<Aside type="note">
Since version `1.51.0`, you can instead use the [Simple Theme Editor](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/simple-theme-editor) to quickly and easily style FusionAuth with no code.

With the Simple Theme Editor, you can select from a set of pre-built themes and customize them with a few basic options.
</Aside>

## Create a Theme

FusionAuth provides the ability to create and manage themes in the UI as well as a [Themes API](/docs/apis/themes). Any user of the FusionAuth role of `admin` or `theme_manager` may view, edit, update, and delete Themes.

All of the FusionAuth login templates are written in [FreeMarker](https://freemarker.apache.org). FreeMarker provides a very rich template language that will allow you to customize the pages and helpers to suit your needs. You can also define new macros and functions to assist you further.

Below is an example screenshot of the Add Theme panel with each template described below.

![Create a Theme](/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/create-theme.png)

### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Id" optional>
    An optional UUID. When this value is omitted a unique Id will be generated automatically.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Name" required>
    A unique name to identify the theme. This name is for display purposes only and it can be modified later if desired.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


### Templates

{/* ===== */}
{/*  To add a new theme template, do the following */}
{/*  update site/_date/templates.yaml (further instructions there) */}
{/*  update the JSON files in site/docs/src/json/themes/ with the new theme template key */}
{/*  touch this file to regenerate (if in dev mode) */}
{/*  that's it. the API and the theme form page will be automatically updated. */}

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Stylesheet (CSS)" optional>
    This CSS stylesheet may be used to style the themed pages.

    This CSS will be included in the `head` tag in the Helpers `head` macro. You may also choose to include other remote stylesheets by using the `<style>` tag within the `head` macro.

    ```
    <style>
      ${theme.stylesheet()}
    </style>
    ```
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Messages" optional>
    This section allows you to add additional localized messages to your theme. When creating an additional locale it is not required that all messages are defined for each language. If a message key is not defined for the specified locale, the value from the default bundles will be used.

    If you intend to localize your login templates, you may find our [community contributed and maintained messages in our GitHub repository](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-localization) helpful.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Helpers" required>
    This template contains all of the main helper macros to define the `head`, `body` and `footer`. To begin theming FusionAuth you'll want to start with this template as it will affect all other templates.

    See the [Helpers](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/advanced-themes/helpers) page for additional information.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<Templates />

## Preview a Theme

If you want to see how your theme works, you can always open a browser with no active FusionAuth session and visit the hosted login pages.

However, at times, you may need to make changes in your theme that you want to view without going through an entire registration process. You can easily do so by previewing the theme via the administrative user interface.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Themes</Breadcrumb>. Choose your theme, then click the preview link (the green magnifying glass):

![Preview your theme](/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/theme-preview-button.png)

This will open a new tab. Click on any of the pages you've modified in the left hand navigation, for example <InlineField>OAuth register</InlineField>, and you'll see the page as it would be rendered.

## Example Code

### Displaying Messages

You can customize messages by locale. You can also have optional keys.

<MessagesExample />

### Customizing the Authorize Page

Now that you have a good overview of all the templates, macros and helpers, here is an example of customizing the Authorize page.

Let's assume you want to change the header and footer across all of the pages including the Authorize page. This is accomplished by editing the `helpers.header` and `helpers.footer` macros. For the header, let's assume you want to add a `Sign Up` and `Login` link. For the footer, let's assume you want to add a link to your privacy policy. Here are the macros that include these new links:

```html title="Custom header helper"
[#macro header]
  <header class="my-custom-header">
    <nav>
      <ul>
        <li class="login"><a target="_blank" href="https://my-application.com/login">Login</li>
        <li class="sign-up"><a target="_blank" href="https://my-application.com/sign-up">Sign Up</li>
      </ul>
    </nav>
  </header>

  [#nested/]
[/#macro]
```

```html title="Custom footer helper"
[#macro footer]
  <footer class="my-custom-footer">
    <nav>
      <ul>
        <li class="privacy-policy"><a target="_blank" href="https://my-application.com/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</li>
      </ul>
    </nav>
  </footer>

  [#nested/]
[/#macro]
```

Once you make these changes, they will take effect on all of the pages listed above.

## Development Tools

When building an advanced theme, the [FusionAuth theme helper project](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-theme-helper) is useful.

You can pull down all your templates, edit them locally, and have them transparently uploaded to your FusionAuth instance.

### Managing Many Themes

If you have a large number of themes, you'll want additional tooling to manage them. Best practices include:

* Put your themes under version control and use CI/CD and one of the [client libraries](/docs/sdks) to apply changes.
* Prefer modifying CSS rather than theme templates.
* Leverage `tenant.data` for a small number of attributes that differ between tenants, which allows you to use the same theme with modified templates. See [Environment Management](#environment-management) for an example.
* Consider generating your themes locally using a templating language such as jinja and then uploading them.
* Automatically assign themes to tenants, using one of the [client libraries](/docs/sdks).

There is an [open feature request](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1869) to allow for theme inheritance, but it is not currently on the roadmap.

## Environment Management

<ThemeEnvironments />

## Troubleshooting

<ThemeTroubleshooting />

## Upgrading

To upgrade your custom theme from one version to another, see [Upgrade an Advanced Theme](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/advanced-themes/upgrade-advanced-theme).

# Add a Theme to a Kickstart

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

[FusionAuth Kickstart](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/kickstart) enables you to spin up a reproducible FusionAuth environment using a template file. This guide will walk you through the process of using Kickstart to set up a FusionAuth instance with a custom theme.

We'll apply a dark theme in place of the default application theme presented in the [5-minute Docker installation guide](/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/5-minute-docker). We recommend following the 5-minute Docker installation guide before using this guide to automate the set-up process and apply a custom theme using Kickstart.

## Prerequisites

You'll need to have Node.js and Docker installed to follow this guide and the 5-minute guide. More information can be found [here](/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/5-minute-docker#requirements).

## Getting Started

Once you've completed the steps in the 5-minute guide, we can take a look at the state of the FusionAuth instance you created.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> and edit the application you created. Go to the <Breadcrumb>OAuth</Breadcrumb> tab to examine the settings that you configured.

<img src="/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/app-settings.png" alt="Application settings." width="1200" />

In the 5-minute guide, the <InlineField>Authorized redirect URLs</InlineField>, <InlineField>Logout URL</InlineField>, <InlineField>Enabled grants</InlineField>, and <InlineField>Require registration</InlineField> fields were manually entered. We will use Kickstart to automate all of these settings. We will also apply predefined <InlineField>Client Id</InlineField> and <InlineField>Client secret</InlineField> values to make launching the application easier.

Now, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Users -> Manage</Breadcrumb> for the user that you set up in the 5-minute guide.

<img src="/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/manageuser.png" alt="Manage user." width="1200" />

In the 5-minute guide, you created both the user and the FusionAuth registration by manually filling out the registration form. You then added a registration for the user to the application you created. We are going to automate these steps.

Finally, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Themes</Breadcrumb> and preview the FusionAuth theme. The application you created in the 5-minute guide uses the OAuth authorize and OAuth logout pages.

The OAuth authorize template looks like this:

<img src="/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/preview-oauth.png" alt="Preview theme" width="1200" />

The OAuth logout template looks like this:

<img src="/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/preview-oauth-logout.png" alt="OAuth logout FusionAuth" width="1200" />

We are going to create a dark theme so these templates that will look like this:

<img src="/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/preview-authorize-dark.png" alt="OAuth authorize Dark" width="1200" />

<img src="/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/preview-logout-dark.png" alt="OAuth logout Dark" width="1200" />


## Creating the Files

To customize our theme, we'll need to create two files:

- A CSS file, which we'll use to define the dark theme.
- A `kickstart.json` file that will enable the automatic configuration of settings.

The requests we add to the `kickstart.json` file will each need a separate JSON file.

If you'd like to skip ahead to the <InlineUIElement>Running Kickstart</InlineUIElement> section, you can [download the completed files here](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-kickstart/tree/main/theme-css-only).

### The `darkTheme.css` File

The most straightforward way to add a consistent style to your theme is to define a stylesheet using CSS. You can interactively experiment with CSS in your browser to get your application looking the way you want it to.

Let's define one CSS rule together. First, preview the FusionAuth theme and open up the web inspector by right-clicking and selecting "Inspect". Click the <InlineUIElement>Select element</InlineUIElement> button and click the area of the page you would like to style, for example, the `div` element with the class `.panel`.

<img src="/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/div-panel-bg.png" alt="Panel background color" width="1200" />

This element has a `background` property with a value of `#fff`, or pure white.

Let's change the background from white to black. With the element selected, click the plus <InlineUIElement>+</InlineUIElement> icon and type `background: black`.

<img src="/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/background-black.png" alt="Panel background color" width="1200" />

We've just defined our first `css` rule. Copy the text that you generated, including the part that the browser made for you when you clicked the plus <InlineUIElement>+</InlineUIElement> icon, into a text editor and save it as `darkTheme.css`, like this:

```css
.panel {
  background: black
}
```

You can keep using this process to add rules to your `darkTheme.css` file until you've got a fully defined style that you're happy with. Feel free to use [this file](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-kickstart/blob/main/theme-css-only/darkTheme.css) for this tutorial.

Once you have your `darkTheme.css` file, create a folder called `kickstart` and move your `darkTheme.css` file into it.

### The `kickstart.json` File

The `kickstart.json` file allows us to automatically configure everything we need for our application from the moment we first launch it.

Create a file called `kickstart.json` in the `kickstart` folder and copy the following text into it:

```json
{
  "variables":{
    "apiKey" : "#{UUID()}",
    "themeID" : "#{UUID()}",
    "applicationID" : "404e516b-06b8-49da-9c68-c1cd1928c81d",
    "clientSecret" : "RBLhJrfRsa0-YxVPrn_aZfzIGccWyncdvHvDNTy-Hrs",
    "defaultTenantId": "da025934-3ba7-4a13-83f0-aab68c9919b8",
    "userID" : "#{UUID()}"
  },
  "apiKeys": [
    {
      "key": "#{apiKey}"
    }
  ],
  "requests":[
    "&{json/createTheme.json}",
    "&{json/updateTheme.json}",
    "&{json/createApplication.json}",
    "&{json/createUser.json}",
    "&{json/registerUser.json}",
    "&{json/setDefaultTheme.json}"
  ]
}
```

There are three sections in this code: `"variables"`, `"apiKeys"`, and `"requests"`.

The `"variables"` section defines identifiers for the key components of our FusionAuth instance. In this section, `"apiKey"`, `"themeId"`, and `"userId"` are randomly generated UUIDs. We'll use the arbitrary values in `"applicationId"`, `"clientSecret"` and `"defaultTenantId"` later on.

The `"apiKeys"` section defines the key through which our requests will be executed. At least one `"apiKey"` is required for every `kickstart.json` file.

The `"requests"` section defines the API requests that perform our API calls. Each request is stored in a JSON file, which we need to define separately. You can also have them inline, but when you are working with a lot of changes, it is easier to have each change in a separate file.

Let's define these files now.

### The API Request JSON Files

Create a subdirectory in the `kickstart` folder called `json`. In the `json` folder, add a file called `createTheme.json` containing the following code:

```json
{
  "method" : "POST",
  "url" : "api/theme/#{themeID}",
  "body" : {
    "sourceThemeId" : "75a068fd-e94b-451a-9aeb-3ddb9a3b5987",
    "theme" : {
      "name" : "Dark Theme"
    }
  }
}
```

This request creates the dark theme. It uses the `"sourceThemeId"` attribute to copy everything from the default FusionAuth theme, the Id of which is always `75a068fd-e94b-451a-9aeb-3ddb9a3b5987`. It also assigns the UUID initialized and contained in the `#{themeID}` variable as this theme's Id by setting it as the resource Id in the path of the URL.

Create a file called `updateTheme.json` and add the following to it:

```json
{
  "method" : "PATCH",
  "url" : "api/theme/#{themeID}",
  "body" : {
    "theme" : {
      "stylesheet" : "@{darkTheme.css}"
    }
  }
}
```

This request applies our `darkTheme.css` stylesheet to the theme we created.

Create a file called `setDefaultTheme.json` and copy the following into it:

```json
{
  "method": "PATCH",
  "url": "/api/tenant/#{defaultTenantId}",
  "body": {
    "tenant": {
      "themeId": "#{themeID}"
    }
  }
}
```

This request sets the dark theme as the theme for the default tenant.

Create a file called `createApplication.json` and copy the following into it:

```json
{
  "method" : "POST",
  "url" : "/api/application/#{applicationID}",
  "body" : {
    "application":{
      "name" : "Kickstart App",
      "oauthConfiguration" : {
        "authorizedRedirectURLs" : [
          "http://localhost:3000/oauth-redirect"
        ],
        "clientId" : "#{applicationID}",
        "clientSecret" : "#{clientSecret}",
        "logoutURL": "http://localhost:3000/logout",
        "enabledGrants": [
          "authorization_code",
          "refresh_token"
        ],
        "requireRegistration" : "true"
      }
    }
  }
}
```

This request creates the application and configures its OAuth settings as they appear in the 5-minute guide.

Create a file called `createUser.json` containing the following:

```json
{
  "method": "POST",
  "url": "/api/user/registration/#{userID}",
  "body": {
    "user": {
      "email": "richard@example.com",
      "password": "password"
    },
    "registration": {
      "applicationId": "#{FUSIONAUTH_APPLICATION_ID}",
      "roles": [
        "admin"
      ]
    }
  }
}
```

This request creates a user and registers the user to the default FusionAuth application. This is necessary to login to the admin panel.

Finally, create a file called `registerUser.json` containing the following:

```json
{
  "method": "POST",
  "url": "/api/user/registration/#{userID}",
  "body": {
    "registration": {
      "applicationId": "#{applicationID}"
    }
  }
}
```

This request adds a registration for the user that we just created to our custom application. This requires a separate request because our initial request used its `"registration"` field for the default application.

With these files, our `kickstart` folder is complete and ready to use. The entire folder can be downloaded [here](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-kickstart/blob/main/theme-css-only).

## Modifying the Files from the 5-Minute Guide

Next we'll import and modify the files from the 5-minute guide that let us launch and run our FusionAuth instance.

First, download the Docker files.

```bash
curl -o docker-compose.yml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/main/docker/fusionauth/docker-compose.yml
curl -o .env https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/main/docker/fusionauth/.env
```

To enable Kickstart to run from this `docker-compose.yml` file, we must make some modifications. They are described in detail at [this link](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/docker#kickstart) and copied here for your convenience:

- In the `volumes:` section of the FusionAuth service, add `- ./kickstart:/usr/local/fusionauth/kickstart`.

- Modify `.env` and add the Kickstart configuration variable: `FUSIONAUTH_APP_KICKSTART_FILE=/usr/local/fusionauth/kickstart/kickstart.json`. This path should be what the Docker container expects, not the path on the host.

- Configure `docker-compose.yml` to pass the environment variable set by `.env` to the container. Do this by adding `FUSIONAUTH_APP_KICKSTART_FILE: ${FUSIONAUTH_APP_KICKSTART_FILE}` to the `environment` section of the FusionAuth service.

Now download the 5-minute guide files.

```bash
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-5-minute-guide \
&& cd fusionauth-example-5-minute-guide
```

This folder contains a file called `.env.sample`:

```shell
CLIENT_ID=CHANGEME
CLIENT_SECRET=CHANGEME
BASE_URL=http://localhost:9011
```

Change the `CLIENT_ID` and `CLIENT_SECRET` so that they match the `applicationId` and `clientSecret` variables from your `kickstart.json` file. Then save the file as `.env`

```shell
CLIENT_ID=404e516b-06b8-49da-9c68-c1cd1928c81d
CLIENT_SECRET=RBLhJrfRsa0-YxVPrn_aZfzIGccWyncdvHvDNTy-Hrs
BASE_URL=http://localhost:9011
```

## Running Kickstart

Once you have completed the steps above, you should have a folder that is structured as follows. We call this folder `Kickstart_Theme`, but you can call it whatever you like.

```
+ Kickstart_Theme
|
+-- docker-compose.yml
|
+-- fusionauth-example-5-minute-guide
|
+--+ kickstart
   |
   +-- kickstart.json
   |
   +-- darkTheme.css
   |
   +--+ json
      |
      +-- createTheme.json
      |
      +-- updateTheme.json
      |
      +-- createUser.json
      |
      +-- registerUser.json
      |
      +-- createApplication.json
      |
      +-- setDefaultTheme.json
```

To launch the FusionAuth instance, navigate to the `Kickstart_Theme` folder and run the docker compose command.

```bash
docker compose up
```

Once the execution has finished, the newly created FusionAuth instance will be accessible at `http://localhost:9011`.

Login to the FusionAuth instance. The username and password are configured in `kickstart/json/createUser.json`. You can set them to be anything you like, but for this tutorial, they are defined as follows:

```json
"email": "richard@example.com",
"password": "password"
```

Enter these credentials into the login screen to be taken to the admin dashboard.

You can look at <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb>, <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb>, and <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Themes</Breadcrumb> to verify that all of the settings have been configured correctly.


## Running the Application

Now that everything is set up and our theme has been applied, we can run the application. Navigate to the `fusionauth-example-5-minute-guide` directory and use `npm` to start the application.

```bash
npm install
npm start
```

Open an incognito window and visit `http://localhost:3000`.

You will be taken to the same landing page that you saw in the 5-minute guide. However, when you click <InlineUIElement>Login</InlineUIElement> this time, you will see your custom theme applied to the OAuth authorize page.

<img src="/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/dark-authorize.png" alt="Dark theme applied" width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />

Enter the same credentials you used to login to the admin panel and click <InlineUIElement>Logout</InlineUIElement> to see the OAuth logout page.


## Modifying the Default Messages

Let's take it one step further and assume we want to change the content of some of the messages on the OAuth pages. For example, consider the "Forgot your password?" message, which shows up on the OAuth authorize page.

<img src="/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/forgot-password.png" alt="Forgot password" width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />

Let's say we want to change this to say "Forgot your password? Click here." We can do this by adding a `defaultMessages` property to `json/updateTheme.json`.

The `defaultMessages` string requires at least all of the messages defined in the FusionAuth default shipped messages file to be present, as it updates all messages as a single unit. The easiest way to accomplish this is to create a new file called `defaultMessages.txt` in your `kickstart` folder and copy-paste these messages into it.

The messages can be accessed by editing your custom theme, navigating to the <Breadcrumb>Messages</Breadcrumb> page, and clicking the <InlineUIElement>Edit</InlineUIElement> button.

<img src="/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/messages.png" alt="Theme messages" width="1200" />

Copy the entire contents of that box into your `defaultMessages.txt` file, find the `forgot-your-password` message (line 65), and modify it to "Forgot your password? Click here."

```json
{
  "method" : "PATCH",
  "url" : "api/theme/#{themeID}",
  "body" : {
    "theme" : {
      "stylesheet" : "@{darkTheme.css}",
      "defaultMessages" : "@{defaultMessages.txt}"
    }
  }
}
```

<Aside type="note">
Kickstart will not run if it sees any users, API keys, or applications in the FusionAuth database. This is to prevent data loss. If you can login to the FusionAuth administrative user interface, Kickstart will not run.
</Aside>

Once you have modified `updateTheme.json`, you will need to clear the volumes created when you launched the FusionAuth instance to allow the Kickstart to rerun. You can do this by executing the following command (This will totally destroy all data stored in the instance):

```bash
docker compose down -v
```


When you relaunch the instance using the `docker compose up` command, the result will be as below with the updated message:



<img src="/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/updated-message.png" alt="Updated message" width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />

## Conclusion

This guide has shown you how to use Kickstart to launch a reproducible FusionAuth instance with a custom theme. The complete set of files for this project can be found [here](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-kickstart) in the directory called `theme-css-only`.

Some suggestions for further reading are as follows:

- [General documentation on Themes](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/)
- [API-specific documentation on Themes](/docs/apis/themes)

# Tailwind CSS

import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

Tailwind CSS is a utility-first CSS framework for rapidly building custom user interfaces. If you are already using Tailwind CSS in your application, you can integrate it into FusionAuth.

## Prerequisites

* Node.js 18 or later

## Setting up FusionAuth

Create a new theme by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Customization -> Themes</Breadcrumb> and then click the <InlineUIElement>Add</InlineUIElement> button. Enter a <InlineField>Name</InlineField> for the theme and click the <InlineUIElement>Save</InlineUIElement> button.

<img src="/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/create-theme.png" alt="Create a theme" width="1200" />

Create a new API key with permissions to modify the theme. You can do this by going to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> API Keys</Breadcrumb>. Then click the <InlineUIElement>Add</InlineUIElement> button and select `GET` and `PATCH` permissions for `/api/theme/`.

<img src="/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/create-api-key.png" alt="Create an API key" width="1200" />

## Installation

To get started, we need to create a new node project with the FusionAuth CLI and Tailwind CSS installed:

```bash
mkdir fusionauth-tailwind
cd fusionauth-tailwind
npm init -y
npm install @fusionauth/cli tailwindcss@3
npx tailwindcss init
```

This will install the dependencies and create the `tailwind.config.js` file in the project root. You can customize the configuration as needed.

Change the `tailwind.config.js` to handle the FreeMarker template files in the `tpl` directory:

```js
/** @type {import('tailwindcss').Config} */
module.exports = {
  content: ['./tpl/*.ftl'],
  theme: {
    extend: {}
  },
  plugins: []
}
```

Create a new stylesheet `input.css` in the root directory:

```css
@tailwind base;
@tailwind components;
@tailwind utilities;
```

This stylesheet will be used to import the Tailwind CSS base, components, and utilities. Additionally, you can add custom classes to this stylesheet as well.

We can now download the theme from FusionAuth:

```bash
npx fusionauth theme:download <themeId> -k <apiKey> -h http://localhost:9011
```

Replace `<themeId>` and `<apiKey>` with the Id of the theme and API key you created in FusionAuth respectively.

Currently, the theme is using the `fusionauth-style.css` hosted in the FusionAuth instance. This could conflict with our Tailwind CSS file. To fix this, we need to remove the following line from the `tpl/helpers.ftl` file. It should be around line number 85:

```html
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/fusionauth-style.css?version=${version}"/>
```

Finally, we add two new scripts to the `package.json` file:

```json
"scripts": {
  "watch:tailwind": "tailwindcss -i ./input.css -o ./tpl/stylesheet.css --watch",
  "watch:theme": "fusionauth theme:watch <themeId> -k <apiKey> -h http://localhost:9011"
},
```

At this point, we have prepared the project to build the Tailwind CSS file and upload the theme to FusionAuth. To apply the changes in the `helper.ftl` file, run the following command:

```bash
npx fusionauth theme:upload <themeId> -k <apiKey> -h http://localhost:9011
```

## Usage

There are now two scripts that can be used to build the Tailwind CSS file and upload the theme to FusionAuth:

* `npm run watch:theme` — watches the template directory for changes and upload the theme to FusionAuth
* `npm run watch:tailwind` — watches the template directory for changes and rebuild the Tailwind CSS file

If you start both scripts in separate terminal windows, you can edit the template files, which rebuild the Tailwind CSS file, and automatically upload the theme to FusionAuth.

Now if we use a Tailwind CSS class in a template, it will be included in the CSS file:

```html
<div class="bg-gray-200">
  <h1 class="text-2xl">Hello World</h1>
</div>
```

To preview the changes, open FusionAuth, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customization -> Themes</Breadcrumb>. Choose your theme, then click <InlineUIElement>Preview</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/preview-theme-list.png" alt="Click preview" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

<img src="/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/preview-theme.png" alt="Preview the theme" width="1200" />

## Integrate DaisyUI

There are many Tailwind CSS UI component libraries available. In this example, we are going to use DaisyUI.

DaisyUI is a Tailwind CSS plugin that provides a set of pre-built components and utilities to build beautiful and responsive websites. It supports color theming, light and dark mode, and RTL.

To integrate DaisyUI, install the plugin:

```bash
npm install daisyui
```

Then add the plugin to the `tailwind.config.js`:

```js
module.exports = {
  content: ['./tpl/*.ftl'],
  theme: {
    extend: {}
  },
  plugins: [
    require('daisyui')
  ]
}
```

Now you can use the DaisyUI components in the FreeMarker template files:

```html
<div class="bg-gray-200">
  <h1 class="text-2xl">Hello World</h1>
  <div class="p-4">
    <button class="btn btn-primary">Primary</button>
  </div>
</div>
```

For an example integration, see [FusionAuth + Tailwind + DaisyUI Repository on GitHub](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-theme-tailwind-daisyui/).

The example repository has light and dark mode setup, and includes updated templates for the following pages:

* Log in
* Log out
* Registration
* Forgot password

In this repository, you could change the color scheme simply by updating the `tailwind.config.js` file:

```js
/** @type {import('tailwindcss').Config} */
module.exports = {
  content: ['./tpl/*.ftl'],
  theme: {
    extend: {
        keyframes: {
            progressBar: {
                "0%": {
                    width: "0%"
                },
                "100%": {
                    width: "100%"
                }
            }
        },
        animation: {
            progressBar: "progressBar 10s ease-in 1"
        }
    }
  },
  plugins: [require("daisyui")],

  daisyui: {
      themes: [
          'corporate',
          {
            business: {
                ...require("daisyui/src/colors/themes")["[data-theme=business]"],
                'primary': '#c891f2'
            }
          }
      ],
      darkTheme: 'business'
  }
}
```

Or you can even create your own theme with the [DaisyUI Theme Generator](https://daisyui.com/theme-generator/)

## Conclusion

This guide has shown you how to integrate Tailwind CSS into FusionAuth using the FusionAuth CLI. Additionally, we have shown how to integrate DaisyUI to build beautiful and responsive FusionAuth pages.

## References

* [Tailwind CSS](https://tailwindcss.com/)
* [DaisyUI](https://daisyui.com/)

# Theme Template Variables

import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import ThemeTemplateVariables from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_theme_template_variables.astro';

Template variables are provided to allow intelligent customization of theme templates. You can use Freemarker to display, hide, or otherwise logically modify what your end users sees based on these values.

Each template has different variables that are available to it. These variables can be used in the template to help with rendering the HTML. There are also a couple of common variables that are available in all of the pages. The common variables and the page specific variables are all listed below.

When the variable is FusionAuth specific, such as the tenant or application, the fields of the variable are the same as the JSON object described in the Retrieve section of the corresponding API documentation.

By default FusionAuth will provide HTML escaping on all values rendered in HTML, this protects you from script injection attacks. If you find a value that is being incorrectly escaped you may need to utilize the FreeMarker built in for no-escape `?no_esc`.

{/*  don't update these variables directly. */}
{/*  update site/_date/templates.yaml (further instructions there) */}
{/*  update the JSON files in site/docs/src/json/themes/ with the new theme template key */}
{/*  touch this file to regenerate (if in dev mode) */}
{/*  that's it. the API and the theme form page will be automatically updated. */}


## Common Variables

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="application" type="Application">
    The application resolved by the provided <InlineField>client_id</InlineField> provided on the request. If the request was made without a <InlineField>client_id</InlineField> then this variable will be undefined. Ensure you reference it using a null safe strategy if you are using some of the themed pages without a <InlineField>client_id</InlineField>.

    See the [Application API](/docs/apis/applications) for details on this object.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="client_id" type="String">
    The OAuth v2.0 `client_id` parameter. This is synonymous with FusionAuth's Application Id.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="currentUser" type="User" since="1.30.0">
    When there is an active SSO session, this variable will contain the currently logged in user. When an SSO session does not yet exist, this variable will be `null`. If the user has not checked the `Keep me signed in` option, there is no SSO session and this variable will be `null`.

    See the [User API](/docs/apis/users) for details on this object.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="errorMessages">
    A list of error messages that were generated during the processing of the request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="fieldMessages">
    A map of field messages (usually errors) that were generated during the processing of the request. The key into the map is the name of the form field and the value is a list that contains the errors for that form field.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="locale" type="Locale">
    The locale used to localize messages.

    You can find the JavaDoc for this object available here: https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Locale.html
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="request" type="HttpServletRequest">
    The HttpServletRequest object that is part of the Java Servlet specification.

    You can find the JavaDoc for this object available here: https://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/servlet/http/HttpServletRequest.html
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tenant" type="Tenant">
    The tenant that has been resolved for this template. This value has either been specified on the request by providing the `tenantId` request parameter or it has been resolved by other request parameters such as the `client_id`.

    If you need to customize the look and feel for different tenants but desire to use the same theme to lower maintenance, store values in <InlineField>tenant.data</InlineField>.
    For example, you could set <InlineField>tenant.data.customElements.buttonText</InlineField> and <InlineField>tenant.data.customElements.buttonColor</InlineField>, then retrieve values off these fields in the theme templates.

    See the [Tenant API](/docs/apis/tenants) for details on this object.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique Tenant identifier, this is equivalent to `tenant.id`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="theme" type="Theme">
    The theme that has been resolved for this template. This could be resolved based on the tenant or the application.

    See the [Themes API](/docs/apis/themes) for details on this object.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="themeId" type="UUID">
    The unique Theme identifier, this is equivalent to `theme.id`.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

## Template Specific Variables

In addition to the common variables documented above, each template may have additional variables available to that only make sense in the context of this template. For example, the OAuth Authorize page (the login page) can access the `loginId` template variable, but this variable would make no sense on the email verification template.

{/* This displays all the page specific variables, pulled from the src/content/json/themes/templates.json file */}
<ThemeTemplateVariables />

# Advanced Theme Upgrade Notes

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';

New versions of FusionAuth sometimes include new or updated theme templates. If a new template is not part of a custom theme, FusionAuth will render the template from the default theme. Occasionally, modifications to existing templates or [helper macros](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/advanced-themes/helpers) introduced in a FusionAuth release will require changes to an existing custom theme in order for it to continue functioning correctly.

This page contains notes on changes in recent versions of FusionAuth that require changes to a customized theme.

<Aside type="note">
For an explanation of how to upgrade a custom theme, see [Upgrade an Advanced Theme](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/advanced-themes/upgrade-advanced-theme).
</Aside>

## Version 1.63.0

**OPTIONAL - ONLY NEEDED TO USE NEW FEATURE**

Version 1.63.0 introduces a show password toggle for password input fields. To use this new toggle, update the the `head`, `input`, and `_input_text` macros. You can find these macros on the `Helpers` page in the UI, and the API template `helpers`. Make the following modifications:

* `head`: Add the following JavaScript to the `head` macro to enable the show password toggle button functionality. This code should be added inside the `<script>` tag, as an additional block inside the anonymous function passed to `Document.onReady`.

  ```plaintext title="Add show password button initialization"
  document.querySelectorAll('button.show-password-button').forEach(button => {
    button.classList.remove('hidden');
    button.addEventListener('click', () => FusionAuth.Util.togglePasswordMasking(button));
  });
  ```

* `input`: Add the `canShowPassword` parameter to the `input` macro. This parameter controls whether the show password toggle button is displayed on password fields.

  ```plaintext title="After"
  [#macro input type name id autocapitalize="none" autocomplete="on" autocorrect="off" autofocus=false spellcheck="false" label="" placeholder="" leftAddon="" required=false tooltip="" disabled=false class="" dateTimeFormat="" value="" uncheckedValue="" checked=false canShowPassword=true]
  ```

  Also update the call to `_input_text` within the `input` macro to pass the new `canShowPassword` parameter:

  ```plaintext title="After"
  [@_input_text type=type name=name id=id autocapitalize=autocapitalize autocomplete=autocomplete autocorrect=autocorrect autofocus=autofocus spellcheck=spellcheck label=label placeholder=placeholder leftAddon=leftAddon required=required tooltip=tooltip disabled=disabled class=class dateTimeFormat=dateTimeFormat canShowPassword=canShowPassword/]
  ```

* `_input_text`: Add the `canShowPassword` parameter to the `_input_text` macro and update the template to include the show password toggle button.

  ```plaintext title="After"
  [#macro _input_text type name id autocapitalize autocomplete autocorrect autofocus spellcheck label placeholder leftAddon required tooltip disabled class dateTimeFormat canShowPassword=true]
  ```

  Update the `<input>` element and surrounding code to wrap the input in a `<div>` and add the show password button for password fields. Replace the `<input>` element and its associated hidden fields with:

  ```plaintext title="After"
  <div class="relative w-full flex items-center">
    <input id="${id}" type="${the_type}" name="${name}" [#if type != "password"]value="${value}"[/#if]
           class="block w-full rounded-theme bg-input-bg px-3 py-1.5 text-base text-input-text outline-1 -outline-offset-1 [#if (fieldMessages[name]![])?size > 0] outline-error/50 focus:outline-2 focus:-outline-offset-2 focus:outline-error [#else] outline-input-text/50 focus:outline-2 focus:-outline-offset-2 focus:outline-primary [/#if] placeholder:text-input-text/50 disabled:bg-input-bg disabled:text-input-text/70 disabled:outline-input-text/30 sm:text-sm/6 ${the_class}"
           autocapitalize="${autocapitalize}" autocomplete="${autocomplete}" autocorrect="${autocorrect}"
           spellcheck="${spellcheck}" [#if autofocus]autofocus="autofocus"[/#if] [#if disabled]disabled="disabled"[/#if] [#if placeholder?has_content]placeholder="${placeholder}"[/#if]/>

    [#if dateTimeFormat != ""]
      <input type="hidden" name="${name}@dateTimeFormat" value="${dateTimeFormat}"/>
    [#elseif type == "date"]
      <input type="hidden" name="${name}@dateTimeFormat" value="yyyy-MM-dd"/>
    [/#if]

    [#if type == "password" && canShowPassword]
      <button type="button" data-visibility-target="${id}" tabindex="-1"
              class="show-password-button hidden absolute inset-y-0 right-0 flex items-center px-3 text-input-text/50 hover:text-primary cursor-pointer border-none bg-transparent">
        <svg aria-hidden="true" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="currentColor" class="size-4">
          <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M2.036 12.322a1.012 1.012 0 0 1 0-.639C3.423 7.51 7.36 4.5 12 4.5c4.638 0 8.573 3.007 9.963 7.178.07.207.07.431 0 .639C20.577 16.49 16.64 19.5 12 19.5c-4.638 0-8.573-3.007-9.963-7.178Z" />
          <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M15 12a3 3 0 1 1-6 0 3 3 0 0 1 6 0Z" />
        </svg>
        <svg aria-hidden="true" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="currentColor" class="size-4 hidden">
          <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M3.98 8.223A10.477 10.477 0 0 0 1.934 12C3.226 16.338 7.244 19.5 12 19.5c.993 0 1.953-.138 2.863-.395M6.228 6.228A10.451 10.451 0 0 1 12 4.5c4.756 0 8.773 3.162 10.065 7.498a10.522 10.522 0 0 1-4.293 5.774M6.228 6.228 3 3m3.228 3.228 3.65 3.65m7.894 7.894L21 21m-3.228-3.228-3.65-3.65m0 0a3 3 0 1 0-4.243-4.243m4.242 4.242L9.88 9.88" />
        </svg>
      </button>
    [/#if]
  </div>
  ```

## Version 1.62.0

<Aside type="caution">
If you are upgrading from a version prior to FusionAuth `1.61.2` and you have customized your theme, upgrade to `1.61.2` first, add missing templates to your theme, then upgrade to `1.62.0`.

See [Theme Upgrades](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/advanced-themes/upgrade-advanced-theme) for additional information about the upgrade process.
</Aside>

**OPTIONAL - ONLY NEEDED TO USE NEW FEATURE**

To utilize the new pre-verification feature in Advanced Registration Forms, you will need to make the following modifications. No custom theme modifications are required unless you want to use pre-verification.

### OAuth register template

Summary of changes:
* `[#if step == totalSteps]` => `[#if readyToRegister]`
* `[#if fields?has_content]` => `[#if advancedRegistration]`
* Remove `step`, `parentEmailRequired`, and `collectBirthDate` hidden fields
* Add a `<p>` if `formStep` is set below `passwordValidationRules` to explain pre-verification steps
* Add a `linkButton` for resending verification messages if `formStep?? && formStep.resendMessage??`

## Version 1.61.0 - `prompt` parameter

**OPTIONAL - ONLY NEEDED TO USE NEW FEATURE**

To ensure that FusionAuth is able to forward the `prompt` parameter to third party identity providers, you will need to make the following modifications.

### Helpers template

Update the `oauthHiddenFields`, `link` and `logoutLink` macros to add the `max_age` parameter. When editing a theme in the UI, this page will be shown as `Helpers`, and the API template name is `helpers`.

#### Macro oauthHiddenFields

Add `max_age` to the `oauthHiddenFields` macro.

```plaintext title="Add prompt"
[@hidden name="max_age"/]
```

For example, this is a macro that includes `max_age`:

```plaintext title="After"
[#macro oauthHiddenFields]
  [@hidden name="captcha_token"/]
  [@hidden name="client_id"/]
  [@hidden name="code_challenge"/]
  [@hidden name="code_challenge_method"/]
  [@hidden name="metaData.device.name"/]
  [@hidden name="metaData.device.type"/]
  [@hidden name="nonce"/]
  [@hidden name="oauth_context"/]
  [@hidden name="max_age"/]
  [@hidden name="pendingIdPLinkId"/]
  [@hidden name="prompt"/]
  [@hidden name="redirect_uri"/]
  [@hidden name="response_mode"/]
  [@hidden name="response_type"/]
  [@hidden name="scope"/]
  [@hidden name="state"/]
  [@hidden name="tenantId"/]
  [@hidden name="timezone"/]
  [@hidden name="user_code"/]
[/#macro]
```

#### Macro link
Add `max_age` to the `link` macro.

```plaintext title="Add max_age to the query string"
&max_age=${(max_age?url)!''}
```

```plaintext title="After"
[#macro link url extraParameters=""]
  <a href="${url}?tenantId=${(tenantId)!''}&client_id=${(client_id)!''}&nonce=${(nonce?url)!''}&pendingIdPLinkId=${(pendingIdPLinkId)!''}&redirect_uri=${(redirect_uri?url)!''}&response_mode=${(response_mode?url)!''}&response_type=${(response_type?url)!''}&scope=${(scope?url)!''}&state=${(state?url)!''}&timezone=${(timezone?url)!''}&metaData.device.name=${(metaData.device.name?url)!''}&metaData.device.type=${(metaData.device.type?url)!''}${(extraParameters!'')?no_esc}&code_challenge=${(code_challenge?url)!''}&code_challenge_method=${(code_challenge_method?url)!''}&user_code=${(user_code?url)!''}&prompt=${(prompt?url)!''}&max_age=${(max_age?url)!''}">
      [#nested/]
  </a>
[/#macro]
```

#### Macro logoutLink

Add `max_age` to the `logoutLink` macro.

```plaintext title="Add max_age to the query string"
&max_age=${(max_age?url)!''}
```

```plaintext title="After"
[#macro logoutLink redirectURI extraParameters=""]
[#-- Note that in order for the post_logout_redirect_uri to be correctly URL escaped, you must use this syntax for assignment --]
    [#local post_logout_redirect_uri]${redirectURI}?tenantId=${(tenantId)!''}&client_id=${(client_id)!''}&nonce=${(nonce?url)!''}&pendingIdPLinkId=${(pendingIdPLinkId)!''}&redirect_uri=${(redirect_uri?url)!''}&response_mode=${(response_mode?url)!''}&response_type=${(response_type?url)!''}&scope=${(scope?url)!''}&state=${(state?url)!''}&timezone=${(timezone?url)!''}&metaData.device.name=${(metaData.device.name?url)!''}&metaData.device.type=${(metaData.device.type?url)!''}${(extraParameters?no_esc)!''}&code_challenge=${(code_challenge?url)!''}&code_challenge_method=${(code_challenge_method?url)!''}&user_code=${(user_code?url)!''}&prompt=${(prompt?url)!''}&max_age=${(max_age?url)!''}[/#local]
  <a
  href="/oauth2/logout?tenantId=${(tenantId)!''}&client_id=${(client_id)!''}&post_logout_redirect_uri=${post_logout_redirect_uri?markup_string?url}">[#t]
    [#nested/][#t]
  </a>[#t]
[/#macro]
```

## Version 1.61.0 - Multiple identity provider configurations

**OPTIONAL - ONLY NEEDED TO USE NEW FEATURE**

Previously the following [identity provider types](/docs/apis/identity-providers) were limited to a single configuration per FusionAuth instance: Apple, Epic Games, Facebook, Google, HYPR, LinkedIn, Nintendo, Sony PlayStation Network, Steam, Twitch, Twitter, and Xbox.

To enable support for multiple identity provider configurations of these types on a single login page, you will need to make the following modifications. The default theme is available on every FusionAuth instance as a point of comparison or guide to theme upgrades.

### Helpers template

Update the `alternativeLoginsScript`, `alternativeLogins`, and various external identity provider button rendering macros. When editing a theme in the UI, this page will be shown as `Helpers`, and the API template name is `helpers`.

#### Macro alternativeLoginsScript

Remove the `data-app-id` attribute from the `<script>` tag including `Facebook.js`. The attribute must be set by each `facebookButton` macro invocation to support multiple Facebook IdP configurations.

```plaintext title="Remove data-app-id"
data-app-id="${identityProviders["Facebook"][0].lookupAppId(clientId)}"
```

Here is an example `<script>` tag without the attribute

```plaintext title="After"
<script src="${request.contextPath}/js/identityProvider/Facebook.js?version=${version}"></script>
```

Remove the `data-client-id` attribute from the `<script>` tag including `Twitter.js`. The attribute must be set by each `twitterButton` macro invocation to support multiple Twitter IdP configurations.

```plaintext title="Remove data-client-id"
data-client-id="${clientId}"
```

Here is an example `<script>` tag without the attribute

```plaintext title="After"
<script src="${request.contextPath}/js/identityProvider/Twitter.js?version=${version}"></script>
```

Replace the `[#if]` block including Google's GSI client JavaScript and `Google.js`. Only one Google identity provider using the GSI client can be included on the page. See [Google IdP limitations](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/google#limitations) for more detail.

```plaintext title="The old [#if] block"
[#if identityProviders["Google"]?has_content && identityProviders["Google"][0].lookupLoginMethod(clientId) != "UseRedirect"]
  <script src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" async></script>
  <script src="${request.contextPath}/js/identityProvider/Google.js?version=${version}"
          data-client-id="${identityProviders["Google"][0].lookupClientId(clientId)}"></script>
[/#if]
```

Here is the updated `[#if]` block. The updated logic selects the first Google IdP configured to use the GSI client and stores it in a `gsiIdentityProvider` variable to be used later in the `alternativeLogins` macro.

```plaintext title="The updated [#if] block"
[#if identityProviders["Google"]?has_content]
  [#list identityProviders["Google"] as idp]
    [#if idp.lookupLoginMethod(clientId) != "UseRedirect"]
      [#-- Only one Google IdP can use the GSI APIs on a page. Assign the IdP for later use and load scripts. --]
      [#assign gsiIdentityProvider = idp/]
      <script src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" async></script>
      <script src="${request.contextPath}/js/identityProvider/Google.js?version=${version}"
              data-client-id="${gsiIdentityProvider.lookupClientId(clientId)}"
              data-identity-provider-id="${gsiIdentityProvider.id}"></script>
      [#break]
    [/#if]
  [/#list]
[/#if]
```

#### Macro alternativeLogins

The `alternativeLogins` macro checks for various IdP types in the `identityProviders` Freemarker variable and renders the appropriate button for that type. Several identity provider types now support multiple configurations and need to update rendering a single button to looping over the IdPs of that type.alternativeLogins

Here is an example rendering the "Sign in with Apple" button hard-coded to expect a single Apple IdP configuration.

```plaintext title="Single configuration"
[#if identityProviders["Apple"]?has_content]
  <div class="form-row push-less-top">
      [@appleButton identityProvider=identityProviders["Apple"][0] clientId=clientId/]
  </div>
[/#if]
```

Here is an example that supports rendering zero or more buttons based on available Apple IdP configurations by looping over all Apple IdP configurations and rendering the button with the `identityProvider` for that loop.

```plaintext title="Multiple configurations"
[#if identityProviders["Apple"]?has_content]
  [#list identityProviders["Apple"] as identityProvider]
    <div class="form-row push-less-top">
        [@appleButton identityProvider=identityProvider clientId=clientId/]
    </div>
  [/#list]
[/#if]
```

The above is just one example of several identity provider types requiring updates in `alternativeLogins` to render multiple buttons by replacing the hard-coded single instance with a loop. As you work through the different identity provider types, pay special attention to the key in the `identityProviders` map and the name of the button rendering macro in each case. The following identity provider types require this update in the `alternativeLogins` macro: Apple, Epic Games, Facebook, LinkedIn, Nintendo, Sony PlayStation Network, Steam, Twitch, Twitter, Xbox.

The Google identity provider type requires a bit more modification in the `alternativeLogins` macro in order to render the single button using the GSI client in addition to other Google IdP configurations with the `UseRedirect` login method. Remove the existing `[#if]` block and replace with the updated code below.

```plaintext title="Remove the [#if] block"
[#if identityProviders["Google"]?has_content]
  <div class="form-row push-less-top">
      [@googleButton identityProvider=identityProviders["Google"][0] clientId=clientId idpRedirectState=idpRedirectState/]
  </div>
[/#if]
```

In its place add two `[#if]` blocks. The first block checks whether it should render a GSI client button using the `gsiIdentityProvider` variable assigned in the `alternativeLoginsScript` macro. The second block calls the `googleButton` macro to render a login button for Google IdPs configured with the `UseRedirect` login method.

```plaintext title="Render GSI and UseRedirect Google buttons"
[#-- Check whether a Google IdP was assigned to use GSI APIs and render the button --]
[#if gsiIdentityProvider?has_content]
  <div class="form-row push-less-top">
      [@googleGsiButton identityProvider=gsiIdentityProvider clientId=clientId idpRedirectState=idpRedirectState/]
  </div>
[/#if]

[#if identityProviders["Google"]?has_content]
  [#list identityProviders["Google"] as identityProvider]
    <div class="form-row push-less-top">
        [#-- The googleButton macro only renders buttons for IdPs configured with the UseRedirect login methods --]
        [@googleButton identityProvider=identityProvider clientId=clientId idpRedirectState=idpRedirectState/]
    </div>
  [/#list]
[/#if]
```

#### Macro appleButton

Replace the opening tag of the `<button>` element inside the macro with the following

```plaintext title="Apple <button>"
<button class="apple login-button" data-scope="${identityProvider.lookupScope(clientId)!''}"
          data-services-id="${identityProvider.lookupServicesId(clientId)}"
          data-identity-provider-id="${identityProvider.id}">
```

#### Macro epicButton

Replace the opening tag of the `<button>` element inside the macro with the following

```plaintext title="Epic Games <button>"
<button class="epicgames login-button" data-login-method="UseRedirect"
          data-scope="${identityProvider.lookupScope(clientId)!''}" data-identity-provider-id="${identityProvider.id}">
```

#### Macro facebookButton

Replace the opening tag of the `<button>` element inside the macro with the following

```plaintext title="Facebook <button>"
<button class="facebook login-button" data-login-method="${identityProvider.lookupLoginMethod(clientId)!''}"
          data-permissions="${identityProvider.lookupPermissions(clientId)!''}" data-identity-provider-id="${identityProvider.id}"
          data-app-id="${identityProvider.lookupAppId(clientId)}">
```

#### Macro googleButton

This macro should now only render buttons for Google IdP configurations with the `UseRedirect` login method. Replace the opening tag of the `<button>` element inside the macro with the following

```plaintext title="Google <button>"
<button class="google login-button" data-login-method="UseRedirect"
              data-scope="${identityProvider.lookupScope(clientId)!''}" data-identity-provider-id="${identityProvider.id}">
```

Remove the `[#else]` block that renders `<div>`s with Ids `g_id_onload` and `g_id_signin`. The updated macro structure looks like this with the `<button>` children removed for brevity

```plaintext title="googleButton macro structure"
[#macro googleButton identityProvider clientId idpRedirectState=""]
    [#-- When using this loginMethod - the Google JavaScript API is not used at all. --]
    [#if identityProvider.lookupLoginMethod(clientId) == "UseRedirect"]
      <button class="google login-button" data-login-method="UseRedirect"
              data-scope="${identityProvider.lookupScope(clientId)!''}" data-identity-provider-id="${identityProvider.id}">
        ...
      </button>
    [/#if]
[/#macro]
```

#### New macro googleGsiButton

The `[#else]` block removed from `googleButton` macro gets its own macro. Add the following macro to your theme

```plaintext title="New googleGsiButton macro"
[#macro googleGsiButton identityProvider clientId idpRedirectState=""]
  [#-- UsePopup or UseVendorJavaScript --]
  [#--
   Use the Google Identity Service (GIS) API.
   https://developers.google.com/identity/gsi/web/reference/html-reference
  --]
  <div id="g_id_onload" [#list identityProvider.lookupAPIProperties(clientId)!{} as attribute, value] data-${attribute}="${value}" [/#list]
       data-client_id="${identityProvider.lookupClientId(clientId)}"
       data-callback="googleLoginCallback">
  </div>
  [#-- This the Google Signin button. If only using One tap, you can delete or comment out this element --]
  <div class="g_id_signin" [#list identityProvider.lookupButtonProperties(clientId)!{} as attribute, value] data-${attribute}="${value}" [/#list]
       [#-- Optional click handler, when using ux_mode=popup. --]
       data-click_listener="googleButtonClickHandler">
  </div>
[/#macro]
```

#### Macro linkedInBottom

You read that correctly. If you'd like, update the name of the macro to `linkedInButton` along with the invocation from the `alternativeLogins` macro. Replace the opening tag of the `<button>` element inside the macro with the following

```plaintext title="LinkedIn <button>"
<button class="linkedin login-button" data-login-method="UseRedirect" data-identity-provider-id="${identityProvider.id}">
```

#### Macro sonypsnButton

Replace the opening tag of the `<button>` element inside the macro with the following

```plaintext title="Sony PlayStation Network <button>"
<button class="sonypsn login-button" data-login-method="UseRedirect"
          data-scope="${identityProvider.lookupScope(clientId)!''}" data-identity-provider-id="${identityProvider.id}">
```

#### Macro steamButton

Replace the opening tag of the `<button>` element inside the macro with the following

```plaintext title="Steam <button>"
<button class="steam login-button" data-login-method="UseRedirect" data-scope="${identityProvider.lookupScope(clientId)!''}"
          data-identity-provider-id="${identityProvider.id}">
```

#### Macro twitchButton

Replace the opening tag of the `<button>` element inside the macro with the following

```plaintext title="Twitch <button>"
<button class="twitch login-button" data-login-method="UseRedirect"
          data-scope="${identityProvider.lookupScope(clientId)!''}" data-identity-provider-id="${identityProvider.id}">
```

#### Macro twitterButton

Replace the opening tag of the `<button>` element inside the macro with the following

```plaintext title="Twitter <button>"
<button class="twitter login-button" data-client-id="${clientId}" data-identity-provider-id="${identityProvider.id}">
```

#### Macro xboxButton

Replace the opening tag of the `<button>` element inside the macro with the following

```plaintext title="Xbox <button>"
<button class="xbox login-button" data-login-method="UseRedirect" data-scope="${identityProvider.lookupScope(clientId)!''}"
          data-identity-provider-id="${identityProvider.id}">
```


## Version 1.60.0

**OPTIONAL - ONLY NEEDED TO USE NEW FEATURE**

To enable support of the `prompt` parameter, you will need to make the following modifications.

### Helpers template

Update the `oauthHiddenFields`, `link` and `logoutLink` macros to add the `prompt` parameter. When editing a theme in the UI, this page will be shown as `Helpers`, and the API template name is `helpers`.

#### Macro oauthHiddenFields

Add `prompt` to the `oauthHiddenFields` macro.

```plaintext title="Add prompt"
[@hidden name="prompt"/]
```

For example, this is a macro that includes `prompt`:

```plaintext  title="After"
[#macro oauthHiddenFields]
  [@hidden name="captcha_token"/]
  [@hidden name="client_id"/]
  [@hidden name="code_challenge"/]
  [@hidden name="code_challenge_method"/]
  [@hidden name="metaData.device.name"/]
  [@hidden name="metaData.device.type"/]
  [@hidden name="nonce"/]
  [@hidden name="oauth_context"/]
  [@hidden name="pendingIdPLinkId"/]
  [@hidden name="prompt"/]
  [@hidden name="redirect_uri"/]
  [@hidden name="response_mode"/]
  [@hidden name="response_type"/]
  [@hidden name="scope"/]
  [@hidden name="state"/]
  [@hidden name="tenantId"/]
  [@hidden name="timezone"/]
  [@hidden name="user_code"/]
[/#macro]
```

#### Macro link
Add `prompt` to the `link` macro.

```plaintext title="Add prompt to the query string"
&prompt=${(prompt?url)!''}
```

```plaintext title="After"
[#macro link url extraParameters=""]
  <a href="${url}?tenantId=${(tenantId)!''}&client_id=${(client_id)!''}&nonce=${(nonce?url)!''}&pendingIdPLinkId=${(pendingIdPLinkId)!''}&redirect_uri=${(redirect_uri?url)!''}&response_mode=${(response_mode?url)!''}&response_type=${(response_type?url)!''}&scope=${(scope?url)!''}&state=${(state?url)!''}&timezone=${(timezone?url)!''}&metaData.device.name=${(metaData.device.name?url)!''}&metaData.device.type=${(metaData.device.type?url)!''}${(extraParameters!'')?no_esc}&code_challenge=${(code_challenge?url)!''}&code_challenge_method=${(code_challenge_method?url)!''}&user_code=${(user_code?url)!''}&prompt=${(prompt?url)!''}">
      [#nested/]
  </a>
[/#macro]
```

#### Macro logoutLink

Add `prompt` to the `logoutLink` macro.

```plaintext title="Add prompt to the query string"
&prompt=${(prompt?url)!''}
```

```plaintext title="After"
[#macro logoutLink redirectURI extraParameters=""]
[#-- Note that in order for the post_logout_redirect_uri to be correctly URL escaped, you must use this syntax for assignment --]
    [#local post_logout_redirect_uri]${redirectURI}?tenantId=${(tenantId)!''}&client_id=${(client_id)!''}&nonce=${(nonce?url)!''}&pendingIdPLinkId=${(pendingIdPLinkId)!''}&redirect_uri=${(redirect_uri?url)!''}&response_mode=${(response_mode?url)!''}&response_type=${(response_type?url)!''}&scope=${(scope?url)!''}&state=${(state?url)!''}&timezone=${(timezone?url)!''}&metaData.device.name=${(metaData.device.name?url)!''}&metaData.device.type=${(metaData.device.type?url)!''}${(extraParameters?no_esc)!''}&code_challenge=${(code_challenge?url)!''}&code_challenge_method=${(code_challenge_method?url)!''}&user_code=${(user_code?url)!''}&prompt=${(prompt?url)!''}[/#local]
  <a
  href="/oauth2/logout?tenantId=${(tenantId)!''}&client_id=${(client_id)!''}&post_logout_redirect_uri=${post_logout_redirect_uri?markup_string?url}">[#t]
    [#nested/][#t]
  </a>[#t]
[/#macro]
```


## Version 1.59.0

**OPTIONAL - ONLY NEEDED TO USE NEW FEATURE**

Starting in version `1.59.0`, user passwords are optional and phone identities are now supported. While theme updates are not required, there are some areas that you may want to consider making changes.

| Template                                | Changed For Phone Identities | Password |
| --------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- | -------- |
| Messages                                | X                            |          |
| Account edit template (self-service)    |                              | X        |
| Account index template (self-service)   | X                            |          |
| Forgot password template                | X                            |          |
| Forgot password sent template           | X                            |          |
| OAuth complete registration template    |                              | X        |
| OAuth passwordless template             | X                            |          |
| OAuth register template                 | X                            |          |

### Messages

**OPTIONAL - ONLY NEEDED TO USE NEW FEATURE**

To properly support phone identities, several themed `Messages` have changed. If `forgot-password-email-sent` or `forgot-password-email-sent-title` was previously customized in a theme, the same customizations need to be applied to the new `forgot-password-message-sent` and `forgot-password-message-sent-title` messages.

```plaintext title="Messages Before"
forgot-password-email-sent=We have sent an email to %s containing a link that will allow you to reset your password. Once you receive the email follow the instructions to change your password.
forgot-password-email-sent-title=Email sent
loginId=Email
...
[PasswordlessRequestSent]=An email is on the way.
```

```plaintext title="Messages After"
forgot-password-message-sent=We have sent a message to %s containing a link that will allow you to reset your password. Once you receive the message follow the instructions to change your password.
forgot-password-message-sent-title=Message sent
loginId=Login
...
[PasswordlessRequestSent]=A message is on the way.
```

### Account edit template (self-service)

To accommodate the use case of an existing user, without a password, setting a password for the first time, there is a new template variable, `passwordSet`, that can be used on the `Helpers` page to hide the "current password" field for users that do not have a password.

```plaintext title="Before"
<form action="${request.contextPath}/account/edit" method="POST" class="full" id="user-form">
  ...
  [#list fieldValues as field]
    [#if field.key == "user.password"]
      [@helpers.passwordField field application.formConfiguration.selfServiceFormConfiguration.requireCurrentPasswordOnPasswordChange/]
    [#else]
      [@helpers.customField field=field key=field.key autofocus=false placeholder=field.key label=theme.optionalMessage(field.key) leftAddon="false"/]
      [#if field.confirm]
        [@helpers.customField field "confirm.${field.key}" false "[confirm]${field.key}" /]
      [/#if]
    [/#if]
  [/#list]
</form>
```

```plaintext title="After"
<form action="${request.contextPath}/account/edit" method="POST" class="full" id="user-form">
  ...
  [#list fieldValues as field]
    [#if field.key == "user.password"]
      [@helpers.passwordField field=field
                              showCurrentPasswordField=(passwordSet && application.formConfiguration.selfServiceFormConfiguration.requireCurrentPasswordOnPasswordChange)/]
    [#else]
      [@helpers.customField field=field key=field.key autofocus=false placeholder=field.key label=theme.optionalMessage(field.key) leftAddon="false"/]
      [#if field.confirm]
        [@helpers.customField field "confirm.${field.key}" false "[confirm]${field.key}" /]
      [/#if]
    [/#if]
  [/#list]
</form>
```

### Account index template (self-service)

New installations of FusionAuth show the new `user.phoneNumber` field on the account index page, rather than `user.mobilePhone`.

```plaintext title="Before"
<dl class="horizontal">
  <dt>${theme.message("user.mobilePhone")}</dt>
  <dd>${helpers.display(user, "mobilePhone")}</dd>
</dl>
```

```plaintext title="After"
<dl class="horizontal">
  <dt>${theme.message("user.phoneNumber")}</dt>
  <dd>${fusionAuth.phone_format(user.phoneNumber!"\x2013")}</dd>
</dl>
```

### Forgot password template

To improve the user experience for phone number identities, the `email` field should be replaced with a `loginId` field which will use the label `Login` instead of `Email` (see Messages above). Everything will continue to function even if this change is not made, but the user experience will be improved with the new field because of the more accurate label.

```plaintext title="Before"
<fieldset class="push-less-top">
  [@helpers.input type="text" name="email" id="email" autocapitalize="none" autofocus=true autocomplete="on" autocorrect="off" placeholder=theme.message('email') leftAddon="user" required=true/]
  [@helpers.captchaBadge showCaptcha=showCaptcha captchaMethod=tenant.captchaConfiguration.captchaMethod siteKey=tenant.captchaConfiguration.siteKey/]
</fieldset>
```

```plaintext title="After"
<fieldset class="push-less-top">
  [@helpers.input type="text" name="loginId" id="loginId" autocapitalize="none" autofocus=true autocomplete="on" autocorrect="off" placeholder=theme.message('loginId') leftAddon="user" required=true/]
  [@helpers.captchaBadge showCaptcha=showCaptcha captchaMethod=tenant.captchaConfiguration.captchaMethod siteKey=tenant.captchaConfiguration.siteKey/]
</fieldset>
```

### Forgot password sent template

Similar to the `Forgot password` template, the `Forgot password sent` template should also be updated to use the `loginId` field instead of the `email` field. This will improve the user experience for phone number identities.

```plaintext title="Before"
[@helpers.main title=theme.message('forgot-password-email-sent-title')]
  <p>
    ${theme.message('forgot-password-email-sent', email)}
  </p>
  <p class="mt-2">[@helpers.link url="/oauth2/authorize"]${theme.message('return-to-login')}[/@helpers.link]</p>
[/@helpers.main]
```

```plaintext title="After"
[@helpers.main title=theme.message('forgot-password-message-sent-title')]
  <p>
    ${theme.message('forgot-password-message-sent', loginId)}
  </p>
  <p class="mt-2">[@helpers.link url="/oauth2/authorize"]${theme.message('return-to-login')}[/@helpers.link]</p>
[/@helpers.main]
```

### OAuth complete registration template

You may need users to have passwords, but passwords are optional. Consider the following example:
* A user has already logged in
* The user does not have a password
* The user performs self-serve registration for an application that uses basic registration

In this case, FusionAuth takes the user to the `OAuth complete registration` page to add any required fields for the application. If the user does not have a password you can collect it on this page.

To support this, FusionAuth provides a new template variable named `passwordSet`, which indicates whether or not the user has a password. Use this variable to show a password field if you require the user to have a password.

Note that for a new or logged-out user that registers for this application, the password will generally be collected on the initial registration page. Logged-in users bypass the initial page.

For example, before:

```plaintext title="Before"
[#if application.registrationConfiguration.mobilePhone.enabled]
  [@helpers.input type="text" name="user.mobilePhone" id="mobilePhone" placeholder=theme.message("mobilePhone") leftAddon="phone" required=application.registrationConfiguration.mobilePhone.required/]
[/#if]
[#if application.registrationConfiguration.preferredLanguages.enabled]
  [@helpers.locale_select field="" name="user.preferredLanguages"  id="preferredLanguages" label=theme.message("preferredLanguage") required=application.registrationConfiguration.preferredLanguages.required /]
[/#if]
```

```plaintext title="After"
[#if application.registrationConfiguration.mobilePhone.enabled]
  [@helpers.input type="text" name="user.mobilePhone" id="mobilePhone" placeholder=theme.message("mobilePhone") leftAddon="phone" required=application.registrationConfiguration.mobilePhone.required/]
[/#if]
[#if !(passwordSet!false)]
  [@helpers.input type="password" name="user.password" id="password" autocomplete="new-password" placeholder=theme.message('password') leftAddon="lock" required=true/]
  [#if application.registrationConfiguration.confirmPassword]
    [@helpers.input type="password" name="confirm.user.password" id="passwordConfirm" autocomplete="new-password" placeholder=theme.message('passwordConfirm') leftAddon="lock" required=true/]
  [/#if]
[/#if]
[#if application.registrationConfiguration.preferredLanguages.enabled]
  [@helpers.locale_select field="" name="user.preferredLanguages"  id="preferredLanguages" label=theme.message("preferredLanguage") required=application.registrationConfiguration.preferredLanguages.required /]
[/#if]
```

### OAuth passwordless template

To support passwordless logins with phone numbers, several changes must be made to allow submission of one-time or short codes on the passwordless page. The changes include: new hidden form fields, an `if` surrounding the `loginId` field with a new `oneTimeCode` field, and a change to the button text based on whether the form is being submitted or a code is being sent.

```plaintext title="Before"
<form action="${request.contextPath}/oauth2/passwordless" method="POST" class="full">
  [@helpers.oauthHiddenFields/]
  <fieldset>
    [@helpers.input type="text" name="loginId" id="loginId" autocomplete="username" autocapitalize="none" autocomplete="on" autocorrect="off" spellcheck="false" autofocus=true placeholder=theme.message("loginId") leftAddon="user" required=true/]
    [@helpers.captchaBadge showCaptcha=showCaptcha captchaMethod=tenant.captchaConfiguration.captchaMethod siteKey=tenant.captchaConfiguration.siteKey/]
  </fieldset>

  [@helpers.input id="rememberDevice" type="checkbox" name="rememberDevice" label=theme.message("remember-device") value="true" uncheckedValue="false"]
  <i class="fa fa-info-circle" data-tooltip="${theme.message('{tooltip}remember-device')}"></i>[#t/]
  [/@helpers.input]

  <div class="form-row">
    [@helpers.button icon="send" text=theme.message('send')/]
    <p class="mt-2">[@helpers.link url="/oauth2/authorize"]${theme.message('return-to-login')}[/@helpers.link]</p>
  </div>
</form>
```

```plaintext title="After"
<form action="${request.contextPath}/oauth2/passwordless" method="POST" class="full">
  [@helpers.oauthHiddenFields/]
  [@helpers.hidden name="code"/]
  [@helpers.hidden name="formField"/]

  <fieldset>
    [#if (formField!false)]
      [@helpers.input type="text" name="oneTimeCode" id="otp" autocapitalize="none" autofocus=true autocomplete="one-time-code" autocorrect="off" placeholder="${theme.message('passwordless-code')}" leftAddon="lock"/]
    [#else]
      [@helpers.input type="text" name="loginId" id="loginId" autocomplete="username" autocapitalize="none" autocomplete="on" autocorrect="off" spellcheck="false" autofocus=true placeholder=theme.message("loginId") leftAddon="user" required=true/]
    [/#if]
    [@helpers.captchaBadge showCaptcha=showCaptcha captchaMethod=tenant.captchaConfiguration.captchaMethod siteKey=tenant.captchaConfiguration.siteKey/]
  </fieldset>

  [@helpers.input id="rememberDevice" type="checkbox" name="rememberDevice" label=theme.message("remember-device") value="true" uncheckedValue="false"]
  <i class="fa fa-info-circle" data-tooltip="${theme.message('{tooltip}remember-device')}"></i>[#t/]
  [/@helpers.input]

  <div class="form-row">
    [#if (formField!false)]
      [@helpers.button text=theme.message('submit')/]
    [#else]
      [@helpers.button icon="send" text=theme.message('send')/]
    [/#if]
  </div>
</form>
```

### OAuth register template

To support phone numbers in basic registration, a `user.phoneNumber` field must be added.

```plaintext title="Before"
[#if application.registrationConfiguration.loginIdType == 'email']
  [@helpers.input type="text" name="user.email" id="email" autocomplete="username" autocapitalize="none" autocorrect="off" spellcheck="false" autofocus=true placeholder=theme.message('email') leftAddon="user" required=true/]
[#else]
  [@helpers.input type="text" name="user.username" id="username" autocomplete="username" autocapitalize="none" autocorrect="off" spellcheck="false" autofocus=true placeholder=theme.message('username') leftAddon="user" required=true/]
[/#if]
```

```plaintext title="After"
[#if application.registrationConfiguration.loginIdType == 'email']
  [@helpers.input type="text" name="user.email" id="email" autocomplete="username" autocapitalize="none" autocorrect="off" spellcheck="false" autofocus=true placeholder=theme.message('email') leftAddon="user" required=true/]
[#elseif application.registrationConfiguration.loginIdType == 'phoneNumber']
  [@helpers.input type="text" name="user.phoneNumber" id="phoneNumber" autocomplete="mobile" autocapitalize="none" autocorrect="off" spellcheck="false" autofocus=true placeholder=theme.message('phoneNumber') leftAddon="mobile" required=true/]
[#else]
  [@helpers.input type="text" name="user.username" id="username" autocomplete="username" autocapitalize="none" autocorrect="off" spellcheck="false" autofocus=true placeholder=theme.message('username') leftAddon="user" required=true/]
[/#if]
```

## Version 1.53.3

**OPTIONAL - ONLY NEEDED TO USE NEW FEATURE**

Version `1.53.3` includes a change to persist the value of the `Keep me signed in` checkbox from the hosted login pages through an external identity provider workflow. This checkbox value indicates whether the user wishes to create an SSO session after login. If the Google IdP's `loginMethod` is configured as `UsePopup` or `UseVendorJavaScript`, existing custom advanced themes require an update to incorporate the fix for the Google IdP. You can update the template via the API using `theme.templates.helpers` or by modifying the *Helpers* template in the admin UI. Google IdPs configured with a `loginMethod` value of `UseRedirect` do not require this update, but you may consider making the change preemptively in case the `loginMethod` is changed later.

To allow the `Keep me signed in` value to be persisted through a Google IdP login in an existing custom advanced theme, remove the `data-login_uri` attribute and its value from the `div` with Id `g_id_onload` in the `googleButton` macro and add the `data-callback` attribute in its place.

Replace

```html
<div id="g_id_onload" [#list identityProvider.lookupAPIProperties(clientId)!{} as attribute, value] data-${attribute}="${value}" [/#list]
     data-client_id="${identityProvider.lookupClientId(clientId)}"
     data-login_uri="${currentBaseURL}/oauth2/callback?state=${idpRedirectState}&identityProviderId=${identityProvider.id}" >
</div>
```

with

```html
<div id="g_id_onload" [#list identityProvider.lookupAPIProperties(clientId)!{} as attribute, value] data-${attribute}="${value}" [/#list]
     data-client_id="${identityProvider.lookupClientId(clientId)}"
     data-callback="googleLoginCallback" >
</div>
```

## Version 1.52.0

**OPTIONAL - ONLY NEEDED TO USE NEW FEATURE**

Version `1.52.0` includes a change to use the browser-default date picker to enhance the experience on mobile. Existing custom advanced themes require an update to incorporate the change. You can update the template via the API using `theme.templates.helpers` or by modifying the *Helpers* template in the admin UI.

To include the new date picker in an existing custom advanced theme, replace the `Prime.Document.query('.date-picker')` line in the `head` macro with the following:

```javascript
document.querySelectorAll('.date-picker').forEach(datePicker => {
  datePicker.onfocus = () => datePicker.type = 'date';
  datePicker.onblur = () => {
    if (datePicker.value === '') {
      datePicker.type = 'text';
    }
  };
});
```

## Version 1.50.0

**OPTIONAL - ONLY NEEDED TO USE NEW FEATURE**

Version `1.50.0` added the ability to prompt users for consent to custom OAuth scopes in third-party applications. This change requires a new themed template `oauth2Consent` as well as a new macro and function in the `helpers` template.

The `oauth2Consent` template from the default theme will be used until it is added to an existing custom theme. You can copy the new template from the default theme as a starting point and add it to a custom theme via the API using `theme.templates.oauth2Consent` or the _Consent prompt_ template in the admin UI.

The new `scopeConsentField` macro and `resolveScopeMessaging` function *must* be added to an existing custom theme's `helpers` template in order for the theme to continue functioning. Add these new items to the template via the API using `theme.templates.helpers` or the *Helpers* template in the admin UI. You can copy them from the default template or use the following:

```plaintext
[#macro scopeConsentField application scope type]
  [#-- Resolve the consent message and detail for the provided scope --]
  [#if type != "unknown"]
    [#local scopeMessage = resolveScopeMessaging('message', application, scope.name, scope.defaultConsentMessage!scope.name) /]
    [#local scopeDetail = resolveScopeMessaging('detail', application, scope.name, scope.defaultConsentDetail!'') /]
  [/#if]

  [#if type == "required"]
    [#-- Required scopes should use a hidden form field with a value of "true". The user cannot change this selection, --]
    [#-- but there should be a display element to inform the user that they must consent to the scopes to continue. --]
    <div class="form-row consent-item col-lg-offset-0">
      [@hidden name="scopeConsents['${scope.name}']" value="true" /]
      <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
      <span>
        ${scopeMessage}
        [#if scopeDetail?has_content]
          <i class="fa fa-info-circle" data-tooltip="${scopeDetail}"></i>
        [/#if]
      </span>
    </div>
  [#elseif type == "optional"]
    [#-- Optional scopes should render a checkbox to allow a user to change their selection. The available values should be "true" and "false" --]
    <div class="consent-item col-lg-offset-0">
      [@input type="checkbox" name="scopeConsents['${scope.name}']" id="${scope.name}" label=scopeMessage value="true" uncheckedValue="false" tooltip=scopeDetail /]
    </div>
  [#elseif type == "unknown"]
    [#-- Unknown scopes and the reserved "openid" and "offline_access" scopes are considered required and do not have an associated display element. --]
    [@hidden name="scopeConsents['${scope}']" value="true" /]
  [/#if]
[/#macro]

[#function resolveScopeMessaging messageType application scopeName default]
  [#-- Application specific, tenant specific, not application/tenant specific, then default --]
  [#local message = theme.optionalMessage("[{application}${application.id}]{scope-${messageType}}${scopeName}") /]
  [#local resolvedMessage = message != "[{application}${application.id}]{scope-${messageType}}${scopeName}" /]
  [#if !resolvedMessage]
     [#local message = theme.optionalMessage("[{tenant}${application.tenantId}]{scope-${messageType}}${scopeName}") /]
     [#local resolvedMessage = message != "[{tenant}${application.tenantId}]{scope-${messageType}}${scopeName}" /]
  [/#if]
  [#if !resolvedMessage]
    [#local message = theme.optionalMessage("{scope-${messageType}}${scopeName}") /]
    [#local resolvedMessage = message != "{scope-${messageType}}${scopeName}" /]
  [/#if]
  [#if !resolvedMessage]
    [#return default /]
  [#else]
    [#return message /]
  [/#if]
[/#function]
```

# Upgrade an Advanced Theme

import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';

FusionAuth version updates sometimes require updates to custom themes. This page explains how to make those updates.

<Aside type="note">
For a full list of required changes for a specific version, see [Advanced Theme Upgrade Notes](//docs/customize/look-and-feel/advanced-themes/upgrade).
</Aside>

## CSS

If you can meet your look and feel customization needs by only modifying the CSS stylesheet, rather than the theme templates, upgrades to later versions of FusionAuth will be easier.

When you limit yourself to making CSS changes, you'll still need to review the release notes and verify that any newly introduced pages look good, but you won't have to propagate customized template changes.

However, if you need to make template changes, no worries, FusionAuth supports that use case as well.

## Templates

When new functionality is introduced to [the hosted login pages](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/integration-points#hosted-login-pages), new theme templates are occasionally added. They are added to the default theme by the upgrade process, but if you've customized your theme to fit your brand, you'll need to modify the theme to have the new template.

New templates and macros are documented in the release notes. If there are additions to a theme, you'll want to take a closer look at the themes after the upgrade.

As part of your upgrade testing, open the administrative user interface and navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Themes</Breadcrumb>.

If any themes are missing templates, they will show as "Upgrade Required". Port the new theme files over to your custom theme, modify them as needed, and save the theme.

In some cases, existing templates are modified. If you have customized your theme, you'll need to compare the new template to your existing version's base theme and port over any changes to your customized theme. The easiest way to do this is to use a diff tool to compare the two sets of files. Here is a suggested process to follow before you upgrade:

1. Download the default theme from your existing version of FusionAuth.
2. Download the default theme from the new version of FusionAuth.
3. Use a diff tool to compare the two sets of files. 
4. Apply any differences to your customized theme.

You can use the [Theme Helper](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-theme-helper) to help  with this process.

## Theme Helper

Clone the [Theme Helper repo](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-theme-helper) and follow the install instructions in the `README.md` file. 

Download the base themes from your existing version of FusionAuth and the new version of FusionAuth to compare.

To get the existing version's theme files, create a `.env` file from the `.env.sample` file. Use the FusionAuth administrative user interface to create an [API key](/docs/apis/authentication#managing-api-keys) with read permissions for Themes. Add the API key to the `.env` file. The [default theme](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/limitations#default-configuration) uses the ID `75a068fd-e94b-451a-9aeb-3ddb9a3b5987` across all instances. Use this value to update the `THEME_ID` key in the `.env` file.

In the `.env` file, set the `FUSIONAUTH_URL` to the URL of your existing FusionAuth instance. Finally, update the `TMP_DIR` to a directory on your local machine where you want the existing theme files to be downloaded, such as `current-theme`.

Now you can run the `download.sh` script to download the existing theme files to the `TMP_DIR` directory.

Once the download is complete, you'll need to get the base theme files from the new version of FusionAuth. The easiest way to do this is to install the new version of FusionAuth on your local machine or a VM using Docker. Instructions for installing FusionAuth using Docker can be found in the [FusionAuth Docker Installation Guide](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/docker#docker-compose).

Once you've got the new version of FusionAuth running, you can update the Theme Helper `.env` file in the Theme Helper repo to point to the new version of FusionAuth. If running locally, update the `FUSIONAUTH_URL` to `http://localhost:9011`. 

Log in to the new version of FusionAuth to create an API key and use the same [default theme](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/limitations#default-configuration) ID `75a068fd-e94b-451a-9aeb-3ddb9a3b5987` for the `THEME_ID` variable as you did for the existing version. Finally, update the `TMP_DIR` to a directory on your local machine where you want the new theme files to be downloaded, such as `new-theme`. Make sure it is a different directory than the one you used for the existing theme files.

Now you can run the `download.sh` script again to download the new theme files to the `TMP_DIR` directory.

Once you have both sets of theme files downloaded, you can run the `diff-themes.sh` script to compare the two sets of files. The script takes two arguments: the path to the existing theme files and the path to the new theme files. For example:

```sh
./diff-themes.sh current-theme new-theme
```
The script will output a list of files with differences between the two themes along with the detailed diff for each file. You can use this output to update your customized theme files or use the file list as a guide along with an external diff tool.

## Theme History Repository

There's a FusionAuth maintained repository which tracks the history of hosted theme pages across releases. Each release is tagged with the version. This repository has theme files back to version 1.23.0.

You can view [the repository](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-theme-history) and use GitHub tooling to compare different the themes from different versions. You can also clone the repository and use your preferred git diffing tools.

## Messages

When new functionality is introduced to [the hosted login pages](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/integration-points#hosted-login-pages), new theme message keys are sometimes required. They are added to the default theme `messages` file by the upgrade process. 

However, if you have customized your theme, the new keys are not added to that modified theme. The first time you try to modify your theme, you'll receive an error message similar to the text below:

```
Missing required keys. See text area below for default English translations. To continue, please copy the values from below into the Messages text area.
```

FusionAuth warns you about missing required keys in order to avoid an inadvertent bad user experience. The default display for keys with no valid values in theme <InlineField>Messages</InlineField> is the key text, such as `[ExternalAuthenticationException]LinkedInToken`, which can be confusing for end users. 

During an upgrade, you can find these keys by testing the upgrade on a development instance or comparing releases in the [fusionauth-localization repo](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-localization/). You can safely add these new key values to your theme prior to an upgrade. Any unused messages in a theme's `messages` file are silently ignored (unless malformed). 

The extra lines won't do any harm and will ensure an excellent end-user experience if a user stumbles on new functionality right after an upgrade.

# Application-Specific Themes

import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';

Application-specific themes enable different themes across multiple applications that use FusionAuth-hosted login pages.

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

This feature is useful when different applications for which you use FusionAuth have distinct branding. For example, if you are adding an application for a different customer, this feature can be useful to add the customer's logo easily to their login screen.

The alternative theming, which occurs at the tenant level and is included in the Community plan, is [documented as well](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/).

## Enabling Application Specific Themes

1. First, you need a license, as this is a paid feature. [Learn how to install your license](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/licensing). 

1. Next, you need to create a theme. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Themes</Breadcrumb> and create a new theme.

   ![Create a new theme.](/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/add-theme.png)

1. Assign the theme to the application. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Your Application</Breadcrumb> and choose a theme from the list of themes.

   ![Configure an application to use a theme.](/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/set-theme.png)

Now, any user accessing a page that belongs to an application will use that theme:

![An example of a customized login page.](/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/example-page.png)

## Additional Information

For application-specific theming to work, FusionAuth must know which application is being accessed. This is typically done with the `client_id` parameter, which ties a request to a FusionAuth application. If the `client_id` cannot be determined, FusionAuth will fall back to the tenant theme. Make sure to include `client_id` on any external links you create.

Application specific theming, as with all theming, isn't very useful if you are not using the FusionAuth hosted login pages.

Currently, there is no concept of child themes to ease management if you have a large number of themes. There's an [open feature request](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1869) for this functionality.

# Client-side Password Rule Validation

import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import RemoteContent from '/src/components/RemoteContent.astro';

FusionAuth checks password rules in server-side validation, but you can also check them in your client. This page shows one method of doing so in JavaScript.

## Client-side Password Validation Example

<RemoteContent url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-scripts/main/client-side-password-rules/README.md" tags="forDocSite"/>

## JavaScript Code

Here's the example code.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-scripts/main/client-side-password-rules/FusionAuthPasswordChecker.js"
            lang="javascript" />

# Themes

import ListHostedLoginPagesUseCases from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_list-hosted-login-pages-use-cases.mdx';
import PremiumPlanBlurbApi from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb-api.astro';
import ThemeTroubleshooting from 'src/content/docs/customize/look-and-feel/_theme-troubleshooting.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

FusionAuth themes allow you to customize the hosted login pages and other user workflows such as forgot password. In FusionAuth you may create one to many themes and assign a theme per tenant or application so that you can customize the user experience for different users.

<Aside type="note">
  Starting in version 1.51.0 you can use the [Simple Theme Editor](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/simple-theme-editor) to quickly and easily style FusionAuth with no code.
</Aside>

## Customization Levels

FusionAuth theme customization is only useful if you are using the hosted login pages. Using the hosted login pages has a number of advantages. By doing so, FusionAuth handles the complexity of a number of different auth related use cases. These use cases include, but are not limited to, the following:

<ListHostedLoginPagesUseCases />

If you are not using the hosted login pages, you are responsible for creating the user interface for the login and other experiences.

In contrast, if you are using the hosted login pages, you can customize at two different levels.

The first is the tenant. Learn more in the [Apply a Theme](#apply-a-theme) section.

The second is the application. There are two options for applying a theme at the application level:

* Use a tenant theme and use freemarker to switch on the `client_id` parameter. Review each template and ensure that you serve different content for different applications based on the Id. This is a good option if your needs are simple and you are willing to commit to the maintenance burden.
* Use application themes. This is a paid feature. Learn more about [application specific themes](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/application-specific-themes). This is a better choice if you have more complicated theming needs.

## Create a Theme

You have three options for creating a theme: 

* The [Simple Theme Editor](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/simple-theme-editor)
* The [Advanced Theme Editor](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/advanced-themes)
* The [Themes APIs](/docs/apis/themes) or other scripting solution like the [SDKs](/docs/sdks) or [Terraform](/docs/operate/deploy/terraform)

Here's a table with the relative strengths and weaknesses of the different approaches.

| Option                | Good For | Challenges | Documentation | 
| --------------------- | ------- | ------- | ------- |
| Simple Theme Editor   | Quickly creating a customized look and feel. Upgrading to a new version of FusionAuth, which may have additional templates, is simple.        | Doesn't allow injecting JavaScript or pixel-perfect control. Limited control of layouts of the page. | [docs](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/simple-theme-editor) |
| Advanced Theme Editor | Full control of every aspect of the look and feel, including moving or reordering  fields on the page, adding custom JavaScript, and inserting multiple images | Can be complex to build, though there is some tooling. Complex to upgrade as new versions of FusionAuth come out. Requires knowledge of or willingness to learn Apache Freemarker. | [docs](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/advanced-themes) |
| Theme APIs/SDKs       | Automated application of themes across many tenants. Great if you are using a different templating language to generate many related themes and then uploading them. Good for CI/CD systems. | You still need to initially edit and review the templates somehow; that can be done with a local instance.  |[docs](/docs/apis/themes) |

## Apply a Theme

You apply a theme by configuring either a Tenant or an Application to use the theme. Each theme may apply to multiple Applications or Tenants; however, each Tenant or Application may have only one theme.

To apply a theme to a Tenant, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Your Tenant</Breadcrumb>, then select the <Breadcrumb>General</Breadcrumb> tab. Select the appropriate theme and save the tenant. This will apply the theme to every application in that tenant, unless there is a theme specified for an application.

![Apply a theme to a tenant.](/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/apply-theme-tenant.png)

<PremiumPlanBlurbApi feature="application themes" />

To apply a theme to an application, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Your Application</Breadcrumb>, then select the appropriate theme.

![Apply a theme to an application.](/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/apply-theme-application.png)

## Troubleshooting

<ThemeTroubleshooting />

# Theme Localization

import AdvancedPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_advanced-plan-blurb.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import MessagesExample from 'src/content/docs/customize/look-and-feel/_messages-example.mdx';
import LocalePrecedence from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_locale_precedence.mdx';
import OAuthScopeMessageLookup from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_oauth-scope-message-lookup.mdx';

The FusionAuth theme can be localized to better server your end users. In each theme you may specify one to many language-specific message bundles to translate text rendered in a theme into a user's preferred language.

If you're just looking into localizing your theme, take a look at our [community provided and maintained message bundles](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-localization).

You may also want to review our [localization and internationalization documentation](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/localization-and-internationalization).

## Messages

In the Messages tab of your theme editor you may specify one to many languages. Once you have specified a key and value the key may be used in any template to display a localized string.

<MessagesExample />

## Locale

The locale is determined by the [locale](/docs/reference/data-types#locales) value. The locale is resolved on each request using the following precedence:

<LocalePrecedence />

## Identity Provider Login Buttons

The button text displayed in the login pages for identity providers such as Google, Facebook or SAML, is retrieved from the identity provider configuration. The [API documentation](/docs/apis/identity-providers/google) documents how to set and retrieve this value, which is `identityProvider.buttonText`.

This text is used in the default theme like so:

```html title="Login Template Excerpt"
<div class="text">${identityProvider.lookupButtonText(clientId)?trim}</div>
```

The `buttonText` value stored in the identity provider configuration cannot be localized.

However, you can replace this line in the theme template to pull a localized value from the messages bundle.

First, add the translated text to all messages bundles, including the default bundle:

```properties title="English"
google-login=Login With Google
```

```properties title="German"
google-login=Mit Google Einloggen
```

Then, update the relevant templates to display the localized text. Here's an excerpt of an updated login page:

```html title="Updated Login Template Excerpt"
<div class="text">${theme.message('google-login')}</div>
```

## OAuth Scope Consent Prompt

<AdvancedPlanBlurb />

<Aside type="version">Available since 1.50.0</Aside>

The `OAuth2 consent` template at `/oauth2/consent` has an expanded message lookup policy in order to allow customizing scope consent messages and details without requiring a separate theme.

<OAuthScopeMessageLookup />

# Simple Theme Editor

import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import Icon from 'src/components/icon/Icon.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import ThemeTroubleshooting from 'src/content/docs/customize/look-and-feel/_theme-troubleshooting.mdx';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

<Aside type="version">
  Available since version `1.51.0`
</Aside>

<YouTube id="hn7RqbkmHt8" />

The Simple Theme Editor allows you to quickly get up and running with a custom FusionAuth theme by selecting a few styles, and without needing to edit any Freemarker or HTML. If you would rather not use the Admin UI you can also update a theme via the [Themes API](/docs/apis/themes).

The alternative is to use the [Advanced Theme Editor](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/advanced-themes), which lets you control every aspect of the look and feel of your themes but with significantly more complexity.

### Difference From Advanced Themes

FusionAuth allows you to take full control over all of the hosted pages by creating an advanced theme and editing the HTML, CSS, and messages. This is a powerful way to create a fully custom experience, but it can be complex and time-consuming.

Instead of editing the templates directly, the Simple Theme Editor allows you to select from a set of pre-built themes and customize them with a few simple options. This is a great way to get started with customizing FusionAuth without needing to write any code.

## Creating And Editing Themes

To get started with the Simple Theme Editor, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Themes</Breadcrumb> in the FusionAuth admin UI and either select the <InlineUIElement>Add Simple Theme</InlineUIElement> button from the top-right or click the <InlineUIElement>Duplicate</InlineUIElement> button on the default FusionAuth simple theme (the one with the name <InlineUIElement>FusionAuth - Simple</InlineUIElement>). The default simple theme is read-only and can be viewed, but not edited.

To edit an existing simple theme, click the <Icon name="edit" /> button next to your theme.

![Theme index page](/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/simple-theme-editor/index.png)

Once inside the <Breadcrumb>Customize theme</Breadcrumb> page there is a section at the top where you can edit the name and Id of the theme, and some panels below where you can change settings and preview your changes.

In the lower part of the editor you'll find three main panels. The leftmost panel contains a set of buttons that control the editing tools that you'll see in the rightmost panel. They are:

* [Pre-built themes](#pre-built-themes)
* [Images](#images)
* [Styles](#styles)
* [Messages](#messages)
* [Pages preview](#pages-preview)

In the center of the editor, you'll see a preview panel, where you can see what your edits will look like on the different theme templates.

![FusionAuth light theme](/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/simple-theme-editor/light-theme.png)

### Name And Id

In the top section, you can choose a name and Id for your theme. A unique name is required, but an Id will be assigned automatically if you don't provide one.

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Id" optional>
    An optional UUID. When this value is omitted a unique Id will be generated automatically.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Name" required>
    A unique name to identify the theme. This name is for display purposes only and it can be modified later if desired.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Pre-Built Themes

Out of the box, FusionAuth provides three pre-built themes that you can select from. These provide a starting point, from which you can make changes. They are:
- **Classic** - This theme closely resembles the stock FusionAuth theme that you see with the default FusionAuth advanced theme
- **Dark** - A darker theme featuring FusionAuth brand colors
- **Light** - A lighter theme featuring FusionAuth brand colors

Selecting one of these will change all the styles currently set for the theme. If you have any un-saved changes in the editor when you select one of these, those changes will be discarded. In this case you'll be asked to confirm that you want to lose your changes and load a new pre-built theme.

![FusionAuth dark theme](/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/simple-theme-editor/dark-theme.png)

### Images

In the `Images` section you can provide links to logo and page background images that will be used in the theme. You'll also find settings that control image sizing and placement. FusionAuth does not yet support uploading assets to be hosted, so these must be fully-qualified URLs that link to externally hosted images.

![Theme image controls](/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/simple-theme-editor/images.png)

<APIBlock>
  ##### Theme logo
  This is the image that will be displayed at the top of the panel on most of the FusionAuth hosted pages.

  <APIField name="Logo image URL" optional>
    The fully-qualified URL to the image that will be used as the logo.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Logo image size">
    This slider determines how large the logo image will be. The slider defaults to `rem` units, but you can use `em` or `px` as well if you know what size that the image should be. Required if the <InlineUIElement>Logo image URL</InlineUIElement> is set.
  </APIField>

  ##### Background image
  This image will be used as the page background on all hosted pages. This setting supersedes a page background color.

  <APIField name="Background image URL">
    The fully-qualified URL to the image that will be used as the page background.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Background size">
    This dropdown controls the the [background-repeat](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/background-repeat) and [background-size](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/background-size) properties of the background image.There are three options:

    - **Contain** - sets the [background-size](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/background-size) property of the background image to `contain` and the [background-repeat](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/background-repeat) property to `no-repeat`. This will leave the image in its original aspect ratio and not repeat it, and size it to the width of the screen. Below the image will be the theme background color.
    - **Cover** - sets the [background-size](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/background-size) property of the background image to `cover`. This will size the image to cover the entire background, cropping it if necessary to maintain the aspect ratio.
    - **Repeat** - sets the [background-repeat](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/background-repeat) property of the background image to `repeat`. This will repeat the image in both the x and y directions and retain its original size.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Styles

There are three sub-sections in the Styles section that provide controls for most of the styles in the theme.

![Theme style controls](/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/simple-theme-editor/styles.png)

<APIBlock>

  ##### Fonts
  Here you can select from a list of common web fonts for the theme. You may also input a custom font-family value, but be aware that we cannot guarantee a custom font will be available to the browser and the rendered text may be the browser default.

  <APIField name="Font family" required>
    This is the font-family used for the majority of the text in the theme.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Custom font family">
    This is the optional input for a custom font-family value.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Mono font family" required>
    This is the font-family used for monospaced text in the theme, such as with MFA recovery codes.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Custom mono font family">
    This is the optional input for a custom font-family value for monospaced text.
  </APIField>

  ##### Miscellaneous
  Provides controls that don't belong in other sections.

  <APIField name="Display footer">
    Toggles the "Powered by FusionAuth" footer on or off. **Note:** You must have a valid license to toggle off the footer.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Border radius" required>
    Sets how rounded the corners of panels and form inputs are in the theme. The slider defaults to `rem` units, but you can use `em` or `px` as well if you know what value of the border radius should be.
  </APIField>

  ##### Colors
  Controls for the various colors of the theme. Clicking on the square next to the input field will bring up the browser's color picker and allow you to select any color or use the eye-dropper tool to select a color on the screen. You may put any value into the input field as long as it is a valid hex, hsl, hsla, rgb, or rgba color value. Hovering over a color control will highlight the element on the page that the color applies to. The colors you can set are:

  <APIField name="Page background" required>
    The color of the background in the theme.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Panel background" required>
    The color of the main content panel in the theme.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Alert background" required>
    The color of the alert panels in the theme.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Alert font" required>
    The color of the text in the alert panels in the theme.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Font" required>
    The color of the majority of the text in the theme.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Mono font" required>
    The color of monospaced text in the theme, such as with MFA recovery codes.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Error font" required>
    The color of error text in the theme.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Link" required>
    The color of links in the theme.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Icon" required>
    The color of the icons in the theme.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Info icon" required>
    The color of icon in the info alert panels in the theme.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Error icon" required>
    The color of icon in the error alert panels in the theme.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Input icon" required>
    The color of the icons for the input fields.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Input icon background" required>
    The color of the background of the icons for the input fields.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Input text" required>
    The color of the text in the input fields.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Input background" required>
    The color of the background of the input fields.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Primary button" required>
    The color of most buttons in the theme.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Primary button text" required>
    The color of the text on most buttons in the theme.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Delete button" required>
    The color of the delete buttons in the theme.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Delete button text" required>
    The color of the text on the delete buttons in the theme.
  </APIField>

</APIBlock>

### Messages

Allows you to change any of the copy in the theme, and also provide localized versions of messages.

![Theme messages editor](/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/simple-theme-editor/messages.png)

<APIField name="Messages" optional>
  Editing the "Default" locale shows a read-only view containing a list of all default messages, with comments and groups explaining their uses. Below the read-only field is a "Custom messages" field.
  
  To override the default messages with your own message values, edit the "Custom messages" field. For example, to change the page title for an OAuth2 login page, add the line `oauth2-authorize-page-title=<My Example Login Page Title>`.

  See [Theme Localization](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/localization) for more information.

  Any changes made to the messaging will be shown in the preview, but the whole theme must be saved in order to persist those changes.

  When creating an additional locale it is not required that all messages are defined for each language.

  If you intend to localize your login templates, you may find our [community contributed and maintained messages in our GitHub repository](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-localization) helpful.
</APIField>

### Pages Preview

The Pages Preview section allows you to see what the theme will look like on the various FusionAuth hosted pages.

All the hosted pages are ordered into various categories, and you can click on any of them to change what is shown in the preview pane.

Additionally, you can click on the <InlineUIElement>Browser preview</InlineUIElement> button to open the currently selected page in a new browser tab. The page in the new tab will still have the style updates applied as long as the theme editor is active. This allows you to open several pages and once and see your style changes applied in real time.

![Theme preview panel](/img/docs/customize/look-and-feel/simple-theme-editor/preview.png)

## Troubleshooting

<ThemeTroubleshooting />

## Upgrading

With simple themes, upgrading is simple, as the styles you've configured are applied to any new templates that are added.

New messages will automatically be applied to your theme after an upgrade. The only thing stored in your theme are customizations that override the default text.

# Base64 Encoder/Decoder

import Textarea from "/src/components/Textarea.astro";
import Toggle from "/src/components/Toggle.astro";

Use our online tool to encode and decode Base64 data.

<form id="url-encoder-form" className="gap-y-6 grid grid-cols-1 mt-8">
  <Toggle id="url_safe" label="URL safe" name="url_safe" required={false}/>
  <Toggle id="without_padding" label="Without padding" name="without_padding" required={false}/>
  <Textarea id="decoded-textarea" label="Decoded text" name="decoded-textarea" required={false} instructions="Type or paste a text into the text area above and the text will be base64 <strong>Encoded</strong> as you type"/>
  <Textarea id="encoded-textarea" label="Encoded text" name="encoded-textarea" required={false} instructions="Type or paste base64 encoded text into the text area above and the text will be base64 <strong>Decoded</strong> as you type"/>
</form>

## What Is Base64 encoding?

[Base64 encoding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base64) is a popular method used to encode binary data, particularly when this data needs to be stored or transferred over media designed to manage text. Its primary function is to ensure that the encoded data remains intact, without modification during transport. It's a method often seen in numerous applications, including email via MIME and storing complex data in XML or JSON.

[![FusionAuth CTA Banner](/img/cta/jwt-1.png)](/ebooks/breaking-down-json-web-tokens)

Base64 is a term for a group of similar encoding schemes that encode binary data by treating it numerically and translating it into a base-64 representation. The term "Base64" originates from a specific MIME-content transfer encoding.

## How does Base64 work?

The Base64 encoding process involves the conversion of binary data into a set of 64 different characters - `A-Z`, `a-z`, `0-9`, `+`, and `/` are the standard set. These characters represent the data in an ASCII string format, making it safer for transport over systems designed for text. For example, in the Base64 scheme, the word `Man` is encoded as `TWFu`. The letters `M`, `a`, and `n` are stored as the bytes `77`, `97`, `110`, which are equivalent to binary representations `01001101`, `01100001`, and `01101110`. These three bytes are joined in a 24-bit buffer producing a binary sequence. Groups of 6 bits are converted into 4 numbers (24 = 4 * 6 bits), which are then converted into their corresponding Base64 values.

## Base64 and Java

In Java, Base64 encoding is commonly used when there is a need to encode binary data, particularly when that data needs to be stored and transferred over media designed to deal with text. This ensures that the data remains intact without modification during transport. Here's how it relates to Java:

* **Java Library Support:** Java 8 and onwards provide support for Base64 encoding and decoding through the `java.util.Base64` class. This class provides three different encoders and decoders: `basic`, `URL-safe`, and `MIME` type.
* **Encoding Data:** The `Base64.getEncoder()` method returns a `Base64.Encoder` that can be used to encode byte data or strings into a Base64 string.
* **Decoding Data:** The `Base64.getDecoder()` method returns a `Base64.Decoder` that can be used to decode Base64 strings back into byte data.
* **Handling Binary Data:** If you're working with binary data in Java, such as reading a binary file, or storing binary data in a database, you often need to encode the data in order to safely transmit and store it. Base64 is a common encoding method for this purpose.
* **Web and Networking Applications:** Base64 data is often used in web and networking applications in Java, such as when dealing with HTTP headers, URL parameters, and HTML form data, where binary data needs to be safely transmitted.
* **Security and Encryption:** In security-sensitive applications, Base64 is used to encode keys, certificates, and other security credentials. For example, a common use is encoding the public and private keys in public key cryptography.

## Base64 and OAuth

Base64 encoding is often used in the [OAuth 2.0 authorization](/articles/oauth/modern-guide-to-oauth) framework, specifically in the process of issuing and handling tokens. Here are the key ways it is used:

* **JWT (JSON Web Tokens):** In OAuth 2.0, [JWTs](/articles/tokens/jwt-components-explained) are often used as access tokens. A JWT is a compact, URL-safe means of representing claims to be transferred between two parties. The claims in a JWT are encoded as a JSON object. This JSON object is then used as the source of bytes when using JSON Web Signature (JWS) to ensure the JSON is not modified. It is also used as the plaintext source when using JSON Web Encryption (JWE) to protect the contents of the JSON object. Enabling the claims to be digitally signed or integrity protected with a Message Authentication Code (MAC) and/or encrypted ensures that the token cannot be modified or read by unauthorized parties. The JWT token is made up of three parts: Header, Payload, and Signature. Each of these parts is Base64 encoded.
* **Basic Authentication:** In some flows of OAuth 2.0, such as the client credentials flow, the client ID and secret are concatenated with a colon (`:`) and then Base64 encoded. This encoded string is then sent in the Authorization header for basic authentication, as defined by the HTTP specification.
* **Encoding Binary Data:** In the context of OAuth and tokens, sometimes there is a need to send binary data. For example, a certificate or a document. Base64 is used to encode this binary data into text so it can be transmitted without loss or modification of the data.

By using Base64 encoding, OAuth 2.0 can safely transmit data across networks and systems that are designed to handle text, ensuring the integrity of the data and making it suitable for use in URLs, headers, and other HTTP components.Security & privacy

Base64 encoding is an essential tool in data management, particularly when dealing with systems designed to handle text. Understanding how it works and how to use it can greatly assist in tasks like email communication, data storage, and handling complex data in XML or JSON formats.

<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/codemirror-5.17.0.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/codemirror-lint-5.17.0.css"/>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/codemirror-min-5.17.0.js" defer></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/Base64EncoderDecoder-0.1.0.js" defer></script>

# Epoch/Unix Time Converter

import { border } from "/src/components/BaseInput.js";
import Text from "/src/components/Text.astro";

This collection of online date and time tools will help you easily convert times. You can see an output of your local time and date, the time in seconds, as well as in milliseconds. You can then also convert time from seconds or milliseconds, or you can use the tool to convert a time string into time since [epoch](#what-is-epoch-time).

### Current date/time

These values are based on the current instant when this page was loaded. The milliseconds and seconds are from [epoch](#what-is-epoch-time). You can copy these values but they aren't editable.

<div className="gap-6 grid grid-cols-[1fr_200px] items-center mt-8 no-prose">
  <div class:list={[border(false, false, true), "flex items-center justify-between py-1 px-2"]}>
    <span id="current-time-milliseconds">Milliseconds</span>
    <button data-widget="copy-button" data-copy-source="current-time-milliseconds" title="Copy contents"><i className="fa-duotone fa-copy bg-slate-200 leading-4 py-2 px-2.5 rounded text-center text-indigo-700 w-10 dark:bg-slate-800 dark:text-indigo-400 dark:hover:bg-slate-700 dark:hover:text-indigo-400 hover:bg-slate-300 hover:text-indigo-600"></i></button>{/* eslint-disable-line */}
  </div>
  <span>Milliseconds</span>
  <div class:list={[border(false, false, true), "flex items-center justify-between py-1 px-2"]}>
    <span id="current-time-seconds">Seconds</span>
    <button data-widget="copy-button" data-copy-source="current-time-seconds" title="Copy contents"><i className="fa-duotone fa-copy bg-slate-200 leading-4 py-2 px-2.5 rounded text-center text-indigo-700 w-10 dark:bg-slate-800 dark:text-indigo-400 dark:hover:bg-slate-700 dark:hover:text-indigo-400 hover:bg-slate-300 hover:text-indigo-600"></i></button>{/* eslint-disable-line */}
  </div>
  <span>Seconds</span>
  <div class:list={[border(false, false, true), "flex items-center justify-between py-1 px-2"]}>
    <span id="current-date">Date</span>
    <button data-widget="copy-button" data-copy-source="current-date" title="Copy contents"><i className="fa-duotone fa-copy bg-slate-200 leading-4 py-2 px-2.5 rounded text-center text-indigo-700 w-10 dark:bg-slate-800 dark:text-indigo-400 dark:hover:bg-slate-700 dark:hover:text-indigo-400 hover:bg-slate-300 hover:text-indigo-600"></i></button>{/* eslint-disable-line */}
  </div>
  <span>Date</span>
  <div class:list={[border(false, false, true), "flex items-center justify-between py-1 px-2"]}>
    <span id="current-time">Time</span>
    <button data-widget="copy-button" data-copy-source="current-time" title="Copy contents"><i className="fa-duotone fa-copy bg-slate-200 leading-4 py-2 px-2.5 rounded text-center text-indigo-700 w-10 dark:bg-slate-800 dark:text-indigo-400 dark:hover:bg-slate-700 dark:hover:text-indigo-400 hover:bg-slate-300 hover:text-indigo-600"></i></button>{/* eslint-disable-line */}
  </div>
  <span>Time</span>
</div>

### Convert from seconds

These values are based on an instant, which is either milliseconds and seconds are from [epoch](#what-is-epoch-time). You can modify the top value to change the output below it.

<Text id="seconds" name="seconds" label="Seconds or milliseconds"/>

<div className="gap-6 grid grid-cols-[1fr_200px] items-center mt-8 no-prose">
  <div class:list={[border(false, false, true), "flex items-center justify-between py-1 px-2"]}>
    <span id="date-when-seconds">Date (when seconds)</span>
    <button data-widget="copy-button" data-copy-source="date-when-seconds" title="Copy contents"><i className="fa-duotone fa-copy bg-slate-200 leading-4 py-2 px-2.5 rounded text-center text-indigo-700 w-10 dark:bg-slate-800 dark:text-indigo-400 dark:hover:bg-slate-700 dark:hover:text-indigo-400 hover:bg-slate-300 hover:text-indigo-600"></i></button>{/* eslint-disable-line */}
  </div>
  <span>Date (when seconds)</span>
  <div class:list={[border(false, false, true), "flex items-center justify-between py-1 px-2"]}>
    <span id="date-when-milliseconds">Date (when milliseconds)</span>
    <button data-widget="copy-button" data-copy-source="date-when-milliseconds" title="Copy contents"><i className="fa-duotone fa-copy bg-slate-200 leading-4 py-2 px-2.5 rounded text-center text-indigo-700 w-10 dark:bg-slate-800 dark:text-indigo-400 dark:hover:bg-slate-700 dark:hover:text-indigo-400 hover:bg-slate-300 hover:text-indigo-600"></i></button>{/* eslint-disable-line */}
  </div>
  <span>Date (when milliseconds)</span>
</div>

### Convert from strings

These values are based on a date in ISO format. You can modify the top value to change the output below it.

<Text id="date" name="date" label="Date/time string"/>

<div className="gap-6 grid grid-cols-[1fr_200px] items-center mt-8 no-prose">
  <div class:list={[border(false, false, true), "flex items-center justify-between py-1 px-2"]}>
    <span id="seconds-since-epoch">Seconds</span>
    <button data-widget="copy-button" data-copy-source="seconds-since-epoch" title="Copy contents"><i className="fa-duotone fa-copy bg-slate-200 leading-4 py-2 px-2.5 rounded text-center text-indigo-700 w-10 dark:bg-slate-800 dark:text-indigo-400 dark:hover:bg-slate-700 dark:hover:text-indigo-400 hover:bg-slate-300 hover:text-indigo-600"></i></button>{/* eslint-disable-line */}
  </div>
  <span>Seconds</span>
  <div class:list={[border(false, false, true), "flex items-center justify-between py-1 px-2"]}>
    <span id="milliseconds-since-epoch">Milliseconds</span>
    <button data-widget="copy-button" data-copy-source="milliseconds-since-epoch" title="Copy contents"><i className="fa-duotone fa-copy bg-slate-200 leading-4 py-2 px-2.5 rounded text-center text-indigo-700 w-10 dark:bg-slate-800 dark:text-indigo-400 dark:hover:bg-slate-700 dark:hover:text-indigo-400 hover:bg-slate-300 hover:text-indigo-600"></i></button>{/* eslint-disable-line */}
  </div>
  <span>Milliseconds</span>
</div>

## What is epoch time?

Whether you're debugging an issue, manipulating logs, or scheduling tasks, an epoch time converter is an invaluable tool in your developer toolkit.

Epoch time is a way to represent time as the number of seconds or milliseconds that have passed since a specific starting point, known as the epoch (January 1, 1970 UTC). It plays a crucial role in various programming tasks, such as measuring performance, tracking file changes, or synchronizing events. When working with epoch time, having a reliable epoch time converter can be immensely helpful. It allows you to effortlessly convert those numerical values into a more human-readable format, making it easier to interpret timestamps and analyze time-related data.

## UTC vs epoch time

As a developer, you often encounter two different ways of dealing with time: UTC and epoch time.

UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) is a global standard for measuring time. It's like a universal clock that everyone agrees on. It helps ensure that time is consistent across different timezones and regions. When working with date and time data, you'll often see UTC used to represent specific points in time accurately.

On the other hand, epoch time is a way to represent time as a single numerical value. It measures the number of seconds or milliseconds that have passed since a particular moment in history called the `epoch`. For developers, the epoch is always January 1, 1970, at 00:00:00 UTC (midnight). Epoch time is handy when you need to perform calculations or comparisons between different points in time, as it simplifies the process by converting time into a numerical format. Some computer systems are now representing epoch using nanoseconds for more precision. You can check the documentation for your operating system and programming language to see if it supports nanoseconds.

So, while UTC provides a human-readable representation of time with hours, minutes, and seconds, epoch time offers a numeric representation of time as the number of seconds or milliseconds elapsed since the epoch. As a developer, understanding the difference between these two concepts is crucial when working with date and time-related operations in your code.

## Use-cases for epoch time

* **Timestamping Events:** Epoch time is perfect for timestamping events or capturing the exact moment when something occurred. Whether you're logging events, monitoring system activities, or tracking user interactions, epoch time provides a standardized and precise way to record these timestamps.
* **Time Calculations:** Epoch time allows you to perform accurate time calculations. You can determine the duration between two events, measure the execution time of code or operations, or schedule tasks based on specific time intervals. Epoch time simplifies these calculations by representing time as a single numeric value.
* **Version Control:** Epoch time is commonly used in version control systems, such as Git, to track changes in code repositories. Each commit is associated with an epoch time, enabling you to precisely identify when a particular change was made, compare versions, and collaborate effectively with other developers.
* **Debugging and Troubleshooting:** When investigating issues or debugging code, epoch time can provide valuable insights. By logging events with epoch timestamps, you can analyze logs, pinpoint problematic areas, and determine the sequence of events leading to an error or unexpected behavior.
* **Cross-Platform Time Representation:** Epoch time provides a universal time representation that is not tied to a specific timezone or locale. This makes it easier to handle time-related data across different systems, programming languages, and databases, ensuring consistency and avoiding complications arising from time zone conversions.
* **Data Analysis and Visualization:** Epoch time can be used in data analysis tasks, allowing you to aggregate, filter, and visualize time-based data efficiently. By converting epoch time into more familiar date and time formats, you can create meaningful charts, graphs, and reports to gain insights from your data.

## Unix timestamps and epoch time

Unix timestamps, also known as Unix time or POSIX time, are a way to express epoch time specifically in the Unix operating system and related systems. In Unix timestamps, the epoch is the same as in epoch time, January 1, 1970, at 00:00:00 UTC.

Unix timestamps are typically represented as a single integer value, which counts the number of seconds since the Unix epoch. This integer value continuously increments by one every second.

For example, if the current Unix timestamp is `1621453155`, it means that `1,621,453,155` seconds have passed since the Unix epoch. By converting this Unix timestamp back to epoch time, you can determine the corresponding date and time.

Note that Unix does not use milliseconds as some programming languages do. However, the computer and the operating system will provide as much precision as possible. In many cases, this is nanosecond precision.

In summary, Unix timestamps are a specific implementation of epoch time that represents the number of seconds since the Unix epoch. They provide a standardized way to represent and manipulate time in Unix-based systems.

<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/DateTime-0.1.0.js" defer></script>

# Developer Tools

import ClickableCard from "/src/components/ClickableCard.astro";

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2 mt-10" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/dev-tools/jwt-decoder" title="JWT Encoder/Decoder" description="Learn how JWT refresh tokens work and how to use them to authenticate and authorize your APIs." icon="/img/icons/dt-JWT-decoder.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/dev-tools/base64-encoder-decoder" title="Base64 Encoder/Decoder" description="Convert text to Base64 or decode Base64-encoded data for secure encoding and transmission." icon="/img/icons/dt-base-64-encoder-decoder.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/dev-tools/url-encoder-decoder" title="URL Encoder/Decoder" description="Convert special characters for safe transmission as URL parameters and decode encoded URLs." icon="/img/icons/dt-url-encoder-decoder.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/dev-tools/uuid-generator" title="UUID Generator" description="Create random 32-character unique identifiers for secure and standardized identification." icon="/img/icons/dt-uuid-generator.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/dev-tools/date-time" title="Unix/Epoch Time Converter" description="Convert Unix and epoch times using our online time converter tool." icon="/img/icons/dt-date-time-tools.svg"/>
</div>

# JWT Decoder

import Textarea from "/src/components/Textarea.astro";
import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import JWTDebugger from '/src/components/dev-tools/Jwt-Debug.astro'
import ModularCTA from '/src/components/cta/ModularCTA.astro'
import BlogButton from '/src/components/BlogButton.astro'

This tool allows you to inspect the metadata of a JSON Web Token (JWT) and confirm that it contains the properties you expect it to have.

<JWTDebugger />
<div class="test-promo">

 <Aside classes="control" title="Take JWTs a step further" type="tip">

  One of the biggest uses of JWTs is in your Auth setup. Here are some resources to expand what's possible:

  * JWTs help [power passwordless auth in Next.js](/blog/nextjs-and-fusionauth-passwordless?utm_medium=cta&utm_source=dev-tools&utm_campaign=dev_promo)
  * JWTs can play a role in [securing your APIs](/blog/securing-your-api?utm_medium=cta&utm_source=dev-tools&utm_campaign=dev_promo)
  * And don't forget, you can [download and deploy FusionAuth for free](/download?utm_medium=cta&utm_source=dev-tools&utm_campaign=dev_promo) to own your own auth workflow
  </Aside>

  <ModularCTA className="experiment hidden" image="https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/664cfafd1b780dd90b9bc416/69939e3f8cf883514a146d0e_scale.avif">
{/* eslint-disable-line */}<h3 class="text-3xl mb-6 font-bold">Take JWTs further</h3>
{/* eslint-disable-line */}<p class="mb-10">JWTs are the backbone of modern authentication and authorization. See how FusionAuth lets you take ownership of your tokens and authentication, by installing for free with Docker.</p>
    <BlogButton size="medium" href="/docs/get-started/download-and-install/docker?utm_medium=cta&utm_source=dev-tools&utm_campaign=dev_promo_adview" label="Install for free" />

  </ModularCTA>
 
</div>

## What is a JWT?

JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) are a widely adopted method for securely transmitting information between systems. They are compact, URL-safe tokens that consist of three parts: [a header, a payload, and a signature](/articles/tokens/jwt-components-explained). JWTs play a crucial role in enabling stateless communication between systems by allowing the exchange of authenticated and trusted information.

![The components of a JWT.](/img/shared/json-web-token.png)

One of the key benefits of JWTs is their ability to carry relevant user data in a self-contained format, eliminating the need for constant database or session checks. They are commonly used in modern web applications and APIs due to their simplicity, scalability, and compatibility with various programming languages and frameworks.

JWTs provide a secure and efficient means of verifying the authenticity and integrity of data, making them an indispensable tool in ensuring reliable communication and enabling secure access control in distributed systems.

A signed JWT contains these 3 parts:

* **A header:** which contains metadata, including information about the key used to sign the JWT.
* **A body:** which is a JSON object with an arbitrary payload; the keys of this JSON object are commonly called "claims".
* **A signature:** which is built by performing a cryptographic operation over the header and the body.

These are all Base64 URL encoded so the resulting string is safe to put in HTTP headers, cookies and elsewhere. Every signed JWT lets you verify the integrity of the JWT without contacting the signer.

## JWT encoding and decoding

In the encoding and decoding process of a JWT, the algorithm plays a crucial role in ensuring the integrity and authenticity of the token. JWTs utilize cryptographic algorithms to create and verify the signature, which is a critical component of the token.

When encoding a JWT, the algorithm is selected and specified in the header of the token. Common algorithms used for signature generation include [HMAC (Hash-based Message Authentication Code)](/docs/reference/password-hashes#salted-hmac-sha-256) and [RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman)](/docs/reference/password-hashes#salted-hmac-sha-256). The algorithm takes the header and payload of the token, combines them, and applies a secret key or private key to generate a unique signature. This signature is appended to the JWT, creating a tamper-proof token.

During the decoding process, the algorithm specified in the JWT's header is used to verify the signature. The recipient of the token uses the corresponding secret key or public key associated with the algorithm to validate the signature. By re-computing the signature using the same algorithm, the recipient can compare it with the received signature. If they match, it indicates that the JWT has not been tampered with and that the data it contains can be trusted.

Our online JWT decoder lets you examine the contents of any JWT by pasting it into the Token form field. It’ll automatically decode the values and place the header and body into the respective fields.

The choice of algorithm depends on the specific security requirements and constraints of the system. HMAC algorithms are symmetric, meaning the same secret key is used for both encoding and decoding. RSA algorithms, on the other hand, are asymmetric, utilizing a public key for verification and a private key for signing. The algorithm used should be strong enough to resist attacks and ensure the integrity and confidentiality of the data within the JWT.

## JWT best practices

When handling JWTs, it's crucial to consider JWT security implications, especially because these tokens often hold sensitive data. One of the standard best practices for signed JWTs is to never store sensitive or personally identifiable information (PII) in the payload of a JWT. Since a keyholder can decode JWT data and then read it, storing sensitive information in the payload can expose this data if the JWT is intercepted. Always assume that your JWT can be compromised and only put non-sensitive data into its payload.

In terms of the signing key used with JWTs, it should be kept secret and secure. When using symmetric algorithms like HMAC, the same key is used for signing and verification. This secret key must be kept confidential, and its exposure can lead to severe security risks as an attacker could forge tokens. When using asymmetric algorithms like RSA, a private key signs the token and a public key verifies it. While the public key can be openly shared, the private key must be stored securely. If the private key is compromised, attackers could impersonate the server and issue their own tokens.

Another important security measure is to set short expiration times for your tokens. Long-lived or non-expiring tokens can be a major security risk if they fall into the wrong hands. By setting short expiration times, you limit the time window in which an attacker can misuse a token. Therefore, it's recommended to implement token refresh strategies that issue new tokens as needed, providing continuous access without the need for re-authentication. It's also recommended to use HTTPS for all communications involving JWTs to prevent tokens from being intercepted during transmission. Implementing these practices can significantly improve the security of your application when using JWTs.

# URL Encoder/Decoder

import Textarea from "/src/components/Textarea.astro";

This tool can be used to encode or decode URL parameters. It won't handle full URLs currently, but you can input parameters that are part of the query string and this will decode them. This is the same format that POST data from forms uses, so you can also capture that data and decode or encode it here as well.

<form className="gap-y-6 grid grid-cols-1 mt-8">
  <Textarea id="decoded-textarea" label="Decoded URL" name="decoded-textarea" required={false} instructions="Type or paste text or a URL into the text area above and the text will be <strong>Encoded</strong> as you type"/>
  <Textarea id="encoded-textarea" label="Encoded URL" name="encoded-textarea" required={false} instructions="Type or paste an encoded value into the text area above and the text will be <strong>Decoded</strong> as you type"/>
</form>

## What is URL encoding?

URL encoding, also known as percent encoding, is a crucial technique for ensuring the correct transmission of data over the internet. It involves converting characters, particularly those that are reserved, unprintable, or non-ASCII, into a format that can be transmitted over the web. URLs, for instance, can only contain ASCII alphanumeric characters and some safe characters like hyphen (`-`), underscore (`_`), tilde (`~`), and dot (`.`). Any other character must be encoded. URL encoding works by converting each character to one or more bytes, and each byte is then represented by two hexadecimal digits preceded by a percent sign (`%`). This is why it's also referred to as percent encoding.

## How do I encode a URL?

Our URL encoding and decoding tool allows you to input a standard URL, and then it will provide you with a UTF-8 encoded version, using ASCII characters.

The tool first converts each reserved, unprintable, or non-ASCII character to one or more bytes. Then each byte is represented by two hexadecimal digits preceded by a percent sign (`%`) - (e.g. `%2E`). That gives us the URL encoded value. The percent sign is used as an escape character. That's why we also refer to URL encoding as percent encoding.

For instance, let’s look at how to URL encode the character `@`. To encode `@`, we first convert it into a sequence of bytes using its ASCII value. The ASCII value of `@` in decimal is `64`, which when converted to hexadecimal comes out to be `40`. We then precede the hex value with percent sign, which gives us the final URL encoded value of `%40`.

## What about URL decode?

URL decoding, also known as percent decoding, is essentially the reverse process of URL encoding. It involves converting the percent-encoded strings back into their original form.

## How URL decoding works:

1. The URL decoder scans the encoded string from left to right.
2. If it encounters a regular character, it simply keeps it as it is.
3. If it encounters a sequence starting with a percent sign (`%`), it treats the following two characters as hexadecimal digits. This sequence represents a single byte in the ASCII character set.
* The URL decoder then converts this byte (expressed in hexadecimal format) back into the corresponding ASCII character.

Using our earlier example: the percent-encoded string `%40` would be decoded to the `@` character, because `40` is the hexadecimal representation of `64`, which is the ASCII value for the `@` character.

In terms of implementation, many programming languages offer built-in functions for URL decoding:

* **JavaScript:** `decodeURIComponent()`
* **PHP:** `rawurldecode()`
* **Python:** `urllib.parse.unquote()`
* **Java:** `java.net.URLDecoder` and `java.net.URLEncoder`

It's important to use URL decoding when processing received data that may have been URL-encoded. This ensures that the data is correctly interpreted. However, it's also crucial to consider potential security risks, as decoding URLs can potentially lead to injection attacks if not handled carefully. Always validate and sanitize your inputs, whether they are URL-encoded or not.

## Why is it important to URL encode?

The importance of URL encoding is evident in various aspects of web development and internet communication. It is essential for preparing data for HTML form submission with `content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded` and is widely used within the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) set, which includes both Uniform Resource Locator (URL) and Uniform Resource Name (URN).

The characters in a URL are either reserved or unreserved. Reserved characters have special meanings in certain contexts. For example, the forward slash (`/`) is used to separate different parts of a URL. When such a reserved character needs to be used for a different purpose, it must be percent-encoded. For instance, if `/` needs to be in a path segment, it must be represented as `%2F` or `%2f` instead.

However, not all reserved characters need to be encoded in all contexts. In the `query` part of a URI (the part after a `?` character), for example, `/` is considered a reserved character but doesn't usually need to be percent-encoded unless the specific URI scheme dictates otherwise. It's also important to note that URLs that only differ by whether a reserved character is percent-encoded or appears literally are typically considered different unless it's established that the reserved character in question has no reserved purpose.

URL encoding is vital for maintaining the integrity and readability of data transmitted over the internet. Without this process, URLs and other forms of web data could be misinterpreted or corrupted, leading to errors or security risks. Furthermore, URL encoding is implemented using various functions in programming languages, such as `encodeURIComponent()` in JavaScript, `rawurlencode()` in PHP, and `Server.URLEncode()` in ASP, emphasizing its widespread use in web development.

<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/codemirror-5.17.0.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/codemirror-lint-5.17.0.css"/>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/codemirror-min-5.17.0.js" defer></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/URLEncoderDecoder-0.1.0.js" defer></script>

# UUID Generator

import { border } from "/src/components/BaseInput.js";

UUID (Universally Unique Identifier) is a 128-bit identifier that is used to uniquely identify information in computer systems. [Version 4 UUIDs](/docs/reference/data-types#uuids), also known as random UUIDs, are generated using random or pseudo-random numbers. Use this tool to generate random version 4 UUIDs online.

[![FusionAuth CTA Banner](/img/cta/jwt-1.png)](/ebooks/breaking-down-json-web-tokens)

<div className="flex gap-x-6 items-start mt-8 no-prose">
  <div class:list={[border(false, false, true), "flex items-center justify-between py-1 px-2"]}>
    <span id="uuid-value">UUID</span>
    <button data-widget="copy-button" data-copy-source="uuid-value" title="Copy contents"><i className="fa-duotone fa-copy bg-slate-200 leading-4 py-2 px-2.5 rounded text-center text-indigo-700 w-10 dark:bg-slate-800 dark:text-indigo-400 dark:hover:bg-slate-700 dark:hover:text-indigo-400 hover:bg-slate-300 hover:text-indigo-600"></i></button>
  </div>
  <button id="uuid-button" className="bg-blue-700 flex items-center px-6 py-1.5 rounded-lg text-white hover:bg-blue-800" type="button">
    <i className="fad fa-sync"></i>
    <span className="ml-2">Generate</span>
  </button>
</div>

## Use cases for generating UUIDs

Here are some common use cases for generating a version 4 UUID:

* **Database Records:** Version 4 UUIDs can be used as unique identifiers for records in databases. They ensure that each record has a unique identifier without relying on sequential numbers or other potentially conflicting identifiers.
* **Distributed Systems:** In distributed systems where multiple nodes or processes operate independently, version 4 UUIDs can be used to generate unique identifiers for events, transactions, or messages. This allows different components to operate autonomously and later correlate events based on their unique identifiers.
* **Web Applications:** Version 4 UUIDs can be used as unique identifiers for various entities in web applications. For example, they can be assigned to user accounts, session IDs, or resources like images, files, or documents. This helps avoid conflicts when multiple users or processes are creating or accessing resources simultaneously.
* **Message Queues:** When messages are passed between different components or services through a message queue system, version 4 UUIDs can be used as unique message IDs. This helps track and identify messages as they move through the system, enabling reliable message processing and tracking.
* **Testing and Development:** Version 4 UUIDs are often used in testing and development environments. They can be used as placeholder or mock identifiers when creating test data or simulating scenarios. Using UUIDs ensures that the test data is unique and avoids clashes with existing production data.
* **Security and [Authentication](/articles/authentication/common-authentication-implementation-risks):** Version 4 UUIDs can be used in security-related scenarios such as generating secure tokens, session IDs, or API keys. These identifiers can be used to validate and authorize access to resources, authenticate users, or secure communication channels.
* **Logging and Tracking:** Version 4 UUIDs can be used as unique identifiers for log entries, trace information, or audit trails. They enable efficient tracking and correlation of log messages across multiple systems or services, facilitating debugging and troubleshooting activities.

## UUID Frequently Asked Questions

### What is a UUID?

[A UUID (Universally Unique Identifier)](/docs/reference/data-types#uuids) is a string of characters that is used to uniquely identify an object. You may also see the term GUID (Globally Unique Identifier) which is also commonly used. Both UUIDs and GUIDs are generated according to a standard, using a combination of random numbers, timestamps and algorithms, all of which makes it extremely unlikely that two values will be equal. It is based on the [RFC 4122](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4122) standard.

### What version UUID generator is this tool?

This UUID generator generates a version 4 universally unique identifier. A version 4 UUID is made up of 32 hexadecimal characters (128 bits), divided into five groups separated by hyphens in this format: `xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx`. You may also see this written as `8-4-4-4-12`.

### Why generate UUID version 4?

The main advantage of version 4 UUIDs is that they are generated using random numbers, which makes it extremely unlikely that two UUIDs will be the same.

How unlikely? To be specific, a UUID is 16 bytes or 128 bits. Out of these 128 bits, 4 are used to indicate the version, and another 2 indicate the variant. This leaves us with 122 bits, and as a result we have `2^122` possible combinations, or 5.3 undecillion, or 5.31x10^36 (or a 5 with 36 zeros behind it). That is a lot. When we begin talking about numbers in this range - the probability that a duplicate value will be generated is essentially zero.

This makes UUIDs perfect for use as a unique object identifier in software programs, database records, and other situations where a unique identifier is needed.

One way to think about a version 4 UUID collision is like this:

> Only after generating 1 billion UUIDs every second for the next 100 years, the probability of creating just one duplicate would be about 50%. Or, to put it another way, the probability of one duplicate would be about 50% if every person on earth owned 600 million UUIDs.

### How does FusionAuth use UUIDs?

In FusionAuth, UUIDs are used to identify [users](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/users), [applications](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications), and other objects such as [roles](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/roles) and [groups](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/groups). For example, when a new user or role is created, a UUID is generated and assigned to that user or role. This UUID can then be used to uniquely identify the user within the system, grant them appropriate resources, and it is used as a primary key in the database to store and retrieve user information. For almost every resource, FusionAuth can either generate a UUID on creation or use one supplied to the API, allowing for easier migrations of existing users, roles and other entities.


<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/UUIDGenerator-0.1.0.js" defer></script>

# Client Credentials JWT Populate Lambda

import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';

If you would like to augment the claims provided in the JWT before it has been signed you can specify a lambda in the JWT configuration. This lambda will be invoked prior to the token being signed and issued as a result of the client credentials grant, on behalf of an Entity.

When you create a new lambda using the FusionAuth UI we will provide you an empty function for you to implement.

## Lambda Structure

If you are using the API to create the lambda you will need to ensure your function has the following signature:

```javascript
function populate(jwt, recipientEntity, targetEntities, permissions, context) {
  // Lambda code goes here
}
```

This lambda must contain a function named `populate` that accepts the following parameters:

* `jwt` - the claims object to be signed and return as the JWT payload. You can modify this object.
* `recipientEntity` - the Recipient Entity. This object is read-only. See an example below.
* `targetEntities` - the Target Entities. This object is read-only. See an example below.
* `permissions` - the permissions assigned to the Entity. This object is read-only. Example below.
* `context` - <AvailableSince since="1.64.0"/> - an object containing the context of the request, including access to [secrets](/docs/extend/code/lambdas#secrets). This object is read-only.

The `recipientEntity` and `targetEntities` objects are well documented in the [Permissions & Entity Types APIs](/docs/apis/entities/entity-types) and [Entities API](/docs/apis/entities/entities) documentation. The JWT object is a JavaScript object containing the JWT payload. See [here for more](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/tokens).

You may add or modify anything in the `jwt` object. However, you may not modify the header or reserved claims. The following claims are considered reserved and modifications or removal will not be reflected in the final JWT payload:

- `amr`
- `aud`
- `cnf`
- `exp`
- `gty`
- `iat`
- `permissions`
- `sub`
- `tid`
- `tty`
- `use`

## Assigning The Lambda

Once a lambda is created, you must assign it. To do so via the administrative user interface, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Your Tenant -> OAuth</Breadcrumb> and update the <InlineField>Client credentials populate lambda</InlineField> setting.

### Example Entities And Permissions Objects

For these example objects (available in the lambda) there are three entities created (`reminder`, `todo`, and `email`) with an `api` entity type with `read` and `write` user defined permission values.

<JSON title="Example JSON for recipientEntity object." src="lambdas/recipientEntity.json" />

<JSON title="Example JSON for targetEntities object." src="lambdas/targetEntities.json" />

<JSON title="Example JSON for permissions object." src="lambdas/entityPermissions.json" />

### Related

Related information about [Client Credentials Grant](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/#example-client-credentials-grant).

# Lambdas

import AdvancedPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_advanced-plan-blurb.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro'
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import LambdaTypes from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_lambda-types.astro';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

In FusionAuth, a lambda is a JavaScript function that can augment or modify behavior during authentication or authorization. For example, the following lambda adds additional claims to a JWT:

```javascript
function populate(jwt, user, registration) {
  jwt.favoriteColor = user.data.favoriteColor;
  jwt.applicationBackgroundColor = registration.data.backgroundColor;
}
```

FusionAuth uses lambdas to react to events as well as to customize tokens and messages such as JWTs or SAML responses. You can also invoke your own lambdas to further customize behavior.

Lambdas do not have full access to JavaScript modules and libraries. They also cannot import, require or load other libraries. This page explains the objects and methods that FusionAuth provides access to.

This brief video provides an overview of lambdas:

<YouTube id="aKIWILh3qxM" />

## Console

The `console` object creates entries in the Event Log during a lambda invocation. Unlike the browser `console` object, lambda `console` methods only accept one argument.

The `console` object provides the following log methods:

- `info()` - Create an event log of type Information
- `log()` - alias to the `info` method
- `error()` - Create an event log of type Error
- `debug()` - Create an event log of type Debug _only when the Lambda has debugging enabled_
  <Aside type="caution">
   Debug messages only appear in the Event Log when you have enabled <InlineField>Debug</InlineField> in your lambda configuration.
  </Aside>

Messages accumulate during lambda invocation, creating a maximum of one event log of each type. For instance, multiple requests to `console.info` in the lambda function body results in a single event log of type Information that combines all of the request contents.

To see object data in the Event Log, stringify objects with `JSON.stringify(<object>)`:

```javascript
function populate(jwt, user, registration) {
  //...
  console.log(user); // doesn't log any data other than the fact a user is an object. Probably not what you want.
  console.log(JSON.stringify(user)); // outputs all the properties of the user object.
  console.log(JSON.stringify(user, null, ' ')); // pretty prints the user object.
  //...
}
```

## HTTP Connect

<AdvancedPlanBlurb />

Lambda HTTP Connect makes HTTP requests from within a lambda.

For instance, the following lambda adds additional claims to a JWT based on an HTTP request:

```javascript
function populate(jwt, user, registration) {
  var response = fetch("https://api.example.com/api/status?" + user.id, {
    method: "GET",
    headers: {
      "Content-Type": "application/json"
    }
  });

  if (response.status === 200) {
    // assuming successful response looks like:
    // {"status":"statusValue"}
    var jsonResponse = JSON.parse(response.body);
    jwt.status = jsonResponse.status;
  } else {
    jwt.status = "basic";
  }
}
```

For more information, see the [Lambda HTTP Connect documentation](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/lambda-remote-api-calls).

## Secrets

<Aside type="version">
  Available Since Version 1.64.0
</Aside>

To securely store secret values used in lambdas, like API keys and application passwords, use a [lambda secret](/docs/extend/code/lambdas#using-secrets).

1. In the Admin UI, visit <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Key Master</Breadcrumb>.
1. From the dropdown in the upper right, select <Breadcrumb>Import secret</Breadcrumb>.
1. Specify a unique **secret name**, which you will use to access your secret from a lambda.
1. Specify your **secret value**.

To access secrets, use the `context` parameter. Pass a secret **name** to `context.services.secrets.get('<key>')` to retrieve the corresponding secret **value** as a string:

```javascript
function populate(jwt, user, registration, context) {
  var apiKey = context.services.secrets.get('<secret-name>');

  var response = fetch("https://api.example.org/api/status?" + user.id, {
    method: "GET",
    headers: {
      "content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
      "authorization": "Basic " + apiKey
    }
  });

  if (response.status === 200) {
    var jsonResponse = JSON.parse(response.body);
    console.log('response: ' + jsonResponse);
    jwt.status = jsonResponse.status;
  } else {
    console.warn('failed request: ' + response.status);
    jwt.status = "basic";
  }
}
```

## Exceptions

Throwing an exception in a lambda has the following effect:

* writes an event log entry
* exits the lambda code path

The impact on the user experience depends on the type of lambda. For example, for a JWT populate lambda, the JWT will not be modified. For a reconcile lambda, the user will not be created or linked.

Don't use exceptions for flow control; reserve them for _exceptional_ situations.

To view exception details, enable debugging on the lambda via the <InlineField>Debug enabled</InlineField> toggle in the administrative user interface or the API.

## Managing Lambdas

Use the [FusionAuth APIs](/docs/apis/lambdas), [client libraries](/docs/sdks) or [the CLI tool](/docs/customize/cli) to manage lambdas.

Always [test your lambdas](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/testing) and use version control to track changes to lambdas. They are part of your authentication and authorization logic.

## Engine

### GraalJS

GraalJS is built on top of the Java virtual machine. For security reasons, FusionAuth restricts access to various GraalJS features within lambdas.

The GraalJS Engine [supports ECMAScript 2021](https://www.graalvm.org/22.0/reference-manual/js/JavaScriptCompatibility/).

For more information, see the [GraalJS engine documentation](https://www.graalvm.org/latest/reference-manual/js/).

This engine has been available since FusionAuth version `1.35.0`.

## Lambda Types

Lambdas are typed according to their intended purpose. 
Different lambda types have different signatures.

FusionAuth currently supports the following lambdas; for examples and details, see the linked documentation pages:

{/*  Don't add a new lambda here. Add it to the src/content/json/lambdas.json file and the list will be generated. */}
<LambdaTypes />

# JWT Populate Lambda

import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

If you would like to augment the claims provided in the JWT before it has been signed you can specify a lambda in the JWT configuration. This lambda will be invoked prior to the token being signed and issued to a user.

Here's a brief video showing how to set up a JWT populate lambda:

<YouTube id="xFp1QkTiOAU" />

When you create a new lambda using the FusionAuth UI we will provide you an empty function for you to implement.

This lambda is not executed if you call the Login API directly and omit the `applicationId` request parameter.

## Lambda Structure

If you are using the API to create the lambda you will need to ensure your function has the following signature:

```javascript
function populate(jwt, user, registration, context) {
  // Lambda code goes here
}
```

This lambda must contain a function named `populate` that accepts the following parameters:

* `jwt` - the claims object to be signed and return as the JWT payload. You can modify this object.
* `user` - the FusionAuth User object. This object is read-only.
* `registration` - the FusionAuth UserRegistration object. This parameter will be `undefined` when the user is not registered for the application. This object is read-only.
* `context` - <AvailableSince since="1.59.0"/> - an object containing the context of the request, including access to [secrets](/docs/extend/code/lambdas#secrets). This object is read-only.

### `jwt` object

You may add or modify anything in the `jwt` object. However, you may not modify the header or certain reserved claims. The following claims are considered reserved and modifications or removal will not be reflected in the final JWT payload:

- `amr`
- `auth_time`
- `cnf`
- `gty`
- `exp`
- `iat`
- `sub`
- `tid`
- `tty`

Note that as of version `1.59.0`, you may modify the `exp` claim as long as the new value does not increase the lifetime of the token. So you may use this behavior to optionally reduce the time-to-live of this token. This may be useful when using a single FusionAuth application and in some contexts you wish to reduce the lifetime of a token. As an example, when using an OAuth grant, the requested scopes are available to the lambda function and could be used as an indicator to reduce the time-to-live of this token.


### `user` and `registration` objects

The two FusionAuth objects are well documented in the [User API](/docs/apis/users) and [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations) documentation. The JWT object is a JavaScript object containing the JWT payload. See [OpenID Connect & OAuth 2.0 Token](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/tokens).

### `context` object

The context object includes the following:
* `scopes` - <AvailableSince since="1.59.0"/> - array of scopes that were requested for the token.
* `services.secrets` - <AvailableSince since="1.64.0"/> - provides access to [secrets](/docs/extend/code/lambdas#secrets).


## Assigning The Lambda

Once a lambda is created, you must assign it to an Application. See the JWT tab in the Application configuration.

## Example Lambda

Here is an example of a simple Lambda that adds a few extra claims to the JWT issued to the User.

```javascript
function populate(jwt, user, registration) {
  // Add a new claim named 'favoriteColor' from a custom data attribute on the user
  jwt.favoriteColor = user.data.favoriteColor;
  // Add a new claim named 'dept' using a custom data attribute on the registration
  jwt.dept = registration.data.departmentName;

  // Create an event log of type 'Debug' when the lambda has Debug enabled
  console.debug('Added custom claims to the JSON web token');
}
```

# Call an API from a Lambda

import AdvancedPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_advanced-plan-blurb.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import LambdaTypes from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_lambda-types.astro';
import MembershipLambda from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/_membership-lambda.md';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

<AdvancedPlanBlurb />

Lambda HTTP Connect allows you to make HTTP requests from within a lambda with `fetch()`. Lambdas can contact any URL accessible from your FusionAuth instance.

This features allows you to access data from external systems to configure token claims or to add data to a user profile. It also allows you to push profile or other data from FusionAuth to an external system as needed.

Here's a video showing more details about Lambda HTTP Connect:

<YouTube id="_TnDUPQm3aQ" />

## Example Lambda

To make a request, call `fetch()`, passing:

- a string containing a URL
- optionally, an object containing options to configure the request.

The following lambda makes an HTTP `GET` request to an API hosted at `api.example.com` with the `Content-Type` header set to `application/json`. The lambda uses the response returned from that API to add additional claims to a JWT:

```javascript title="A lambda which adds claims based on an external API."
function populate(jwt, user, registration) {
  var response = fetch("https://api.example.com/api/status?" + user.id, {
    method: "GET",
    headers: {
      "Content-Type": "application/json"
    }
  });

  if (response.status === 200) {
    // assuming successful response looks like:
    // {"status":"statusValue"}
    var jsonResponse = JSON.parse(response.body);
    jwt.status = jsonResponse.status;
  } else {
    jwt.status = "basic";
  }
}
```

You can also call FusionAuth APIs with a valid API key:

<MembershipLambda />

Use the local FusionAuth HTTP port (`fusionauth-app.http-local.port`, default value `9012`), whenever making a FusionAuth API call in a lambda. Doing so minimizes network traffic contention and improves performance.


## Options

### Timeouts

<Aside type="version">
  Available Since Version 1.55.1
</Aside>

Within lambda functions, external requests should always return quickly. Every moment of delay causes additional latency during the FusionAuth request, which can reduce the performance of FusionAuth or even cause errors. This happens because lambda functions are blocking, rather than asynchronous: FusionAuth must wait for the lambda to complete before the user interaction can complete.

Lambdas use default connect and read timeouts of 2 seconds. But you can modify these timeouts if you know a request may be slow. To specify a timeout, pass the optional second parameter to `fetch()` and assign a value and assign an integer value (in milliseconds) to the `connectTimeout` or `readTimeout` fields in that object:

```javascript
var response = fetch("https://api.example.com/api/status", {
    method: "GET",
    connectTimeout: 42000,   // 42,000 ms, or 42 seconds
    readTimeout: 42000       // 42,000 ms, or 42 seconds
  });
```

### Body

By default, `fetch()` does not send a request body. To specify a request body, pass the optional second parameter to `fetch()` and assign a **string** value to the `body` field in that object:

```javascript
var response = fetch("https://api.example.com/api/status", {
    method: "PUT",
    body: "test body pls ignore"
  });
```

### Method

By default, `fetch()` issues an HTTP `GET` request. To use a different method, pass the optional second parameter to `fetch()` and pass any valid [HTTP method](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Reference/Methods) as a **string** to the `method` field in that object:

```javascript
var response = fetch("https://api.example.com/api/status", {
    method: "DELETE"
  });
```

### Headers

By default, `fetch()` does not specify any headers. To specify headers in a request, pass the optional second parameter to `fetch()` and assign a value to the `header` field in that object:

```javascript
var response = fetch("https://example.org", {
  method: "GET",
  headers: {
    "Content-Type": "application/json"
  }
});
```

You can provide request header values in the following ways:

* An anonymous object:

  ```javascript
  headers: {
     "Content-Type": "application/json"
  }
  ```

* A hash or map:

  ```javascript
  headers: new Headers({
     "Content-Type": "application/json"
  })
  ```

* An array:

  ```javascript
  headers: new Headers([
      ["Content-Type", "application/json"]
  ])
  ```

## Response

`fetch()` returns an object that contains the following fields:

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="headers" type="Object">
    The headers returned by the response. The keys of this object are the header names. All header keys are lower cased.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="status" type="Integer">
    The HTTP status code of the response.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="body" type="String">
    The body of the response.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

## Securing API Keys In Lambdas

<Aside type="version">
  Available Since Version 1.64.0
</Aside>

To securely store secret values used in lambdas, like API keys and application passwords, use a [lambda secret](/docs/extend/code/lambdas#secrets). To create a secret, open the Admin UI and navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Key Master</Breadcrumb>.

To access secrets, use the `context` parameter. Pass a secret **name** to `context.services.secrets.get('<key>')` to retrieve the corresponding secret **value** as a string:

```javascript
function populate(jwt, user, registration, context) {
  var apiKey = context.services.secrets.get('my-api-key');
  if (apiKey) {
    jwt.apiKeyPresent = true;
  }
}
```

## Lambda HTTP Connect Limitations

Do not call any FusionAuth API that itself invokes the calling lambda: the circular dependency on your lambda will cause the request to fail. For example, in a JWT Populate lambda, do not invoke the Login API.

The `fetch` method in a lambda does not implement the [entire `fetch` API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API) as implemented in a browser: for example, the first argument to `fetch` must always be a string.

# Login Validation Lambda

import AuthenticationTypeValues from 'src/content/docs/_shared/authentication-type-values.astro';
import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';

During a login request FusionAuth performs various validations such as verifying credentials or verifying a one time code during a multi-factor login. Using this lambda function, you may extend this functionality to include your own validation as part of a login request.

The login validation lambda has access to the user record, the user's registration for the application they're trying to authenticate to if applicable and meta-data about the request. While Lambda HTTP Connect may be used in this function in order to utilize external resources to perform validation, please be aware that adding latency to the login request will likely be observable to your end user.

When you create a new lambda using the FusionAuth UI we will provide you an empty function for you to implement.

## Lambda Structure

If you are using the API to create the lambda you will need to ensure your function has the following signature:

```javascript
function validate(result, user, registration, context) {
  // Lambda code goes here
}
```

This lambda must contain a function named `validate` that accepts the following parameters:

* `result` - an object used for returning validation errors. You can modify this object.
* `user` - the FusionAuth User object. This object is read-only.
* `registration` - the FusionAuth UserRegistration object. This object is read-only.
* `context` - an object containing context for the current request. This object is read-only.

The `result` object contains an [Errors](/docs/apis/errors) object. For more information about the `user` and `registration` objects, see the [User API](/docs/apis/users) and [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations).

`context` is an immutable argument of type `Context`, with the following structure:

```javascript
class Context {

    /**
     * The method used to authenticate the user. This will only be populated when the action is `login`.
     * @type {String} - Possible values are listed below.
     */
    authenticationType;

    /**
     * The identity provider, present only when the login request is from a 3rd party IdP.
     * @type {IdentityProvider}
     */
    identityProvider;

    /**
      * Provides access to services available to the lambda, including secrets.
      * Use `context.services.secrets.get('<key>')` to retrieve a secret value.
      * @type {Services}
      * @since 1.64.0
      */
    services;
}

class IdentityProvider {

    /**
     * The identifier of the IdP.
     * @type {String}
     */
    id;

    /**
     * The name of the IdP.
     * @type {String}
     */
    name;

    /**
     * The type of the IdP.
     * @type {String}
     */
    type;
}
```

`authenticationtype` is the method used to authenticate the user. The possible values are:

<AuthenticationTypeValues showSince="1.53.0" />

To deny a login attempt, simply add one or more field or general errors to the result. The error schema can be found in the [API Errors](/docs/apis/errors) documentation.

## Assigning The Lambda

Once a lambda is created, you must assign it to a Tenant. Using the FusionAuth admin UI, find the <InlineField>Login validation lambda</InlineField> field found on the <Breadcrumb>Security</Breadcrumb> tab in the Tenant configuration.

For the Tenant API, assign the lambda Id to the `tenant.lambdaConfiguration.loginValidationId` field.

## Example Lambda

Here is an example of a simple Lambda that prevents login attempts by users whose accounts are past due. Note that this is just an example that is assuming you have set the `accountStatus` in the user's data using the User API.

```javascript
function validate(result, user, registration, context) {
  if (user.data.accountStatus === 'pastDue') {
    result.errors.generalErrors = [{
      code: "[LoginRestricted]",
      message: "Account is past due, please contact accounts payable."
    }];
  }
}
```

## Localization

When using any of the Login APIs directly, if the lambda function adds errors to the `result`, the API will respond with a `400` status code and the JSON response will contain the same errors object returned by the lambda function.

When using the FusionAuth hosted login pages, the messaging may be localized. The order of precedence is as follows.

* If the message key returned in the `code` field is defined in your theme, that localized message will be displayed.
* If the message key returned in the `code` field is not defined in your theme, the message as provided by the lambda function will be displayed.
* If the message key returned in the `code` field is not defined in your theme, and the lambda function did not define a value for the `message`, the message key returned in the `code` field will be displayed to the user.

Using the above example, by default the user will be shown the message `Account is past due, please contact accounts payable.`.

To localize this message, or simply modify it to be more user friendly, add the following message to your theme:

```
[LoginRestricted]=Looks like you forgot to pay your bill. Please call 1-800-555-5555 for assitance.
```

With this change, the user will be shown  `Looks like you forgot to pay your bill. Please call 1-800-555-5555 for assitance.`.

# MFA Requirement Lambda

import AuthenticationTypeValues from 'src/content/docs/_shared/authentication-type-values.astro';
import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import EnterprisePlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_enterprise-plan-blurb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';

<EnterprisePlanBlurb />

During logins, password changes, and [MFA Status API](/docs/apis/two-factor#retrieve-multi-factor-status) calls, FusionAuth performs various validations to decide whether to challenge the user on one of their MFA methods. Using this lambda function, you may extend this functionality to change FusionAuth's MFA decision for that user or trigger a suspicious login event.

The MFA Requirement Lambda has access to the following information:

* the access token returned by FusionAuth as the result of a successful authentication
* the action being taken
* FusionAuth's out of the box MFA decision
* the user record
* the user's registration for the application they're trying to authenticate to
* the MFA policy settings on the tenant and application
* metadata about the request

You can use Lambda HTTP Connect to access external resources during validation, but you should use external resources sparingly; any additional latency will impact users.

## Lambda Structure

All lambda implementations must contain a method with the following signature:

```javascript
function checkRequired(result, user, registration, context) {
  // Lambda code goes here
}
```

The `checkRequired` function must accept the following parameters:

* `result` - an object used for returning modified MFA requirements back to FusionAuth.
* `user` - the read-only FusionAuth User object.
* `registration` - the FusionAuth `UserRegistration` object. This parameter will be `undefined` when the user is not registered for the application (e.g. SSO, when an existing user signs into an application for the first time). This object is read-only.
* `context` - an object containing context for the current request. This object is read-only and contains several optional fields.

For more information about `user` and `application`, see the [User API](/docs/apis/users) and [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations) documentation.

`result` is of type `RequiredLambdaResult`, with the following structure:

```javascript
class RequiredLambdaResult {
    /**
     * This value will be set to FusionAuth's out of the box decision on whether an MFA challenge
     * should be required for the user. Mutate this to change the decision.
     * @type {boolean}
     */
    required;

    /**
     * To force a suspicious login event to be created, set this to true. This will have no effect
     * unless the action is `login`.
     * @type {boolean}
     */
    sendSuspiciousLoginEvent;
}
```

`context` is an immutable argument of type `Context`, with the following structure:

```javascript
class Context {

    /**
     * The encoded JWT. This is an optional value and may be null. It will be
     * populated if the /api/user/change-password was authenticated to via a JWT or if a `token`
     * is POSTed to /api/two-factor/status
    *
    *  @type {string}
    */
    accessToken;

    /**
     * represents the action being taken. Logins and password changes via FusionAuth APIs or hosted pages will always use either `login` or `changePassword` respectively.
     * `stepUp` is a value that may be passed in to the [MFA Status API](/docs/apis/two-factor#retrieve-multi-factor-status) using the `action` field.
     * @type {string} - Possible values are [login], [changePassword], or [stepUp].
     */
    action;

    /**
     * The FusionAuth Application object (if applicable). This only exists if an applicationId was passed in to the relevant API, upstream from the lambda.
     * @type {Application}
     */
    application;

    /**
     * A list of authentication threats detected for this request. This will only be populated when the action is `login` and Advanced Threat Detection is enabled.
     * @type {Set<String>} - Possible values are [ImpossibleTravel].
     */
    authenticationThreats;

    /**
     * The method used to authenticate the user. This will only be populated when the action is `login`.
     * @type {String} - Possible values are listed below.
     * @since 1.63.0
     */
    authenticationType;

    /**
     * Event information about the current request. This is an optional value and may be null,
     * depending on what is provided to FusionAuth via API calls.
     * @type {EventInfo} - See below for details
     */
    eventInfo;


    /**
     * If existing two-factor trust was supplied (via a cookie/hosted pages or
     * `twoFactorTrustId` on the API), this value will contain details about that trust.
     * @type {Trust}
     */
    mfaTrust;

    /**
      * an object containing the MFA policies for the tenant and application.
      * @type {Policies}
      */
    policies;

    /**
      * Provides access to services available to the lambda, including secrets.
      * Use `context.services.secrets.get('<key>')` to retrieve a secret value.
      * @type {Services}
      * @since 1.64.0
      */
    services;
}

class EventInfo {
    /**
     * Additional data associated with the event. This is an optional value and may be null.
     * @type {Map<String, Object>}
     */
    data;

    /**
     * @type {string}
     */
    deviceDescription;

    /**
     * @type {string}
     */
    deviceName;

    /**
     * @type {string}
     */
    deviceType;

    /**
     * @type {string}
     */
    ipAddress;


    /**
     * Location details based on the user's IP address. This will only be populated when
     * Advanced Threat Detection is enabled.
     * @type {Location}
     */
    location;

    /**
     * @type {string}
     */
    os;

    /**
     * @type {string}
     */
    userAgent;
}

class Location {
    /**
     * @type {string}
     */
    city;

    /**
     * @type {string}
     */
    country;

    /**
     * @type {double}
     */
    latitude;

    /**
     * @type {double}
     */
    longitude;

    /**
     * @type {string}
     */
    region;

    /**
     * @type {string}
     */
    zipcode;
}

class Policies {
    /**
     * This value will be set to the application's MFA login policy, if set.
     * @type {string} - Possible values are [Disabled], [Enabled], or [Required].
     */
    applicationLoginPolicy;

    /**
     * If the Application has an MFA trust policy set, this value will be set to that policy.
     * @type {string} - Possible values are [Any], [This], or [None].
     */
    applicationMultiFactorTrustPolicy;

    /**
     * This value will be set to the tenant's MFA login policy.
     * @type {string} - Possible values are [Disabled], [Enabled], or [Required].
     */
    tenantLoginPolicy;
}

class StartInstant {
    /**
     * Every time /api/two-factor/login is completed for an application, the application Id and instant will be recorded here.
     *
     * @type {Map<UUID, Instant>}
     */
    applications;

    /**
     * The first instant the trust was established for the user's tenant.
     *
     * @type {Instant}
     */
    tenant;
}

class Trust {
    /**
     * The application that the MFA trust the user already has, was first associated with
     * @type {string}
     */
    applicationId;

    /**
     * Additional attributes about the trust.
     * @type {Map<String, Object>}
     */
    attributes;

    /**
     * When the MFA trust expires
     * @type {Instant}
     */
    expirationInstant;

    /**
     * The twoFactorTrustId
     * @type {String}
     */
    id;

    /**
     * When the MFA trust was created
     * @type {Instant}
     */
    insertInstant;

    /**
     * Details about each application that trust was established for.
     * @type {StartInstant}
     */
    startInstants;

    /**
     * Additional attributes/state trust.
     * @type {Map<String, Object>}
     */
    state;

    /**
     * The user's tenant Id.
     * @type {string}
     */
    tenantId;

    /**
     * The user's Id.
     * @type {string}
     */
    userId;
}
```

The possible values for `authenticationType` are:

<AuthenticationTypeValues showSince="1.53.0" />

For more information about `context.application`, see the [Application API reference](/docs/apis/applications).

For more information on advanced threat protection, see the [Advanced Threat Detection](/docs/operate/secure/advanced-threat-detection) documentation.

## Assigning The Lambda

Once a lambda is created, you must assign it to a Tenant. Using the FusionAuth admin UI, find the <InlineField>MFA requirement lambda</InlineField> field found on the <Breadcrumb>Multi-Factor</Breadcrumb> tab in the Tenant configuration.

Or if you are using the Tenant API, assign the lambda Id to the `tenant.lambdaConfiguration.multiFactorRequirementId` field.

A lambda can also be configured at the application level and, if an application is provided on the request (see action above), the application's lambda will take precedence over the tenant's lambda. To assign an application-specific lambda, using the FusionAuth admin UI, find the <InlineField>MFA requirement lambda</InlineField> field found on the <Breadcrumb>Multi-Factor</Breadcrumb> tab in the Application configuration.

Or if you are using the Application API, assign the lambda Id to the `application.lambdaConfiguration.multiFactorRequirementId` field.

## Example Lambdas

The following example requires MFA if the user's email address contains the string `gilfoyle`, and otherwise uses the default MFA decision:

```javascript
function checkRequired(result, user, registration, context) {
  if (user.email.includes('gilfoyle')) {
    result.required = true;
  }
}
```

A more complex example might involve using the user's location to determine if MFA should be required. In this example, if the user is logging in from outside the United States, MFA will be required. Note that this example assumes you are licensed for the [Advanced Threat Detection](/docs/operate/secure/advanced-threat-detection) feature.

```javascript
function checkRequired(result, user, registration, context) {
    if (context.eventInfo?.location?.country !== "USA") {
        result.required = true;
    }
}
```

# Apple Reconcile Lambda

import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import ReconcileLambdaIntro from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/lambdas/_reconcile-lambda-intro.mdx';
import ReconcileLambdaUserRegistrationParameters from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/lambdas/_reconcile-lambda-user-registration-parameters.mdx';


<ReconcileLambdaIntro identity_provider_name="Apple" prefix="an" />

## Lambda Structure

If you are using the API to create the lambda you will need to ensure your function has the following signature:

```javascript
function reconcile(user, registration, idToken, context) {
  // Lambda code goes here
}
```

This lambda must contain a function named `reconcile` that accepts the following parameters:

<ReconcileLambdaUserRegistrationParameters />
* `idToken` - the JSON payload of the validated and decoded Id Token returned from Apple. This object is read-only.
* `context` - <AvailableSince since="1.64.0"/> - an object containing the context of the request, including access to [secrets](/docs/extend/code/lambdas#secrets). This object is read-only.

The two FusionAuth objects are well documented in the [User API](/docs/apis/users) and [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations) documentation. The Id Token object that contains the payload returned by Apple and may contain well known OpenID Connect registered claims as well as any custom claims defined by Apple.

## Assigning The Lambda

Once a lambda is created, you may assign it to the Apple identity provider in the IdP configuration.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb> and select your existing Apple configuration or click <InlineUIElement>Add provider</InlineUIElement> and select Apple if it has not yet been configured.

## Default Lambda

A default Apple reconcile lambda is available in FusionAuth that may be used or modified. The default Apple lambda function is documented below.

```javascript
// This is the default Apple reconcile, modify this to your liking.
function reconcile(user, registration, idToken) {
  // Un-comment this line to see the idToken object printed to the event log
  // console.info(JSON.stringify(idToken, null, 2));

  // During the first login attempt, the user object will be available which may contain first and last name.
  if (idToken.user && idToken.user.name) {
    user.firstName = idToken.user.name.firstName || user.firstName;
    user.lastName = idToken.user.name.lastName || user.lastName;
  }
}
```

# Epic Games Reconcile Lambda

import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import ReconcileLambdaIntro from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/lambdas/_reconcile-lambda-intro.mdx';
import ReconcileLambdaUserRegistrationParameters from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/lambdas/_reconcile-lambda-user-registration-parameters.mdx';

<ReconcileLambdaIntro identity_provider_name="Epic Games" prefix="an" />

## Lambda Structure

If you are using the API to create the lambda you will need to ensure your function has the following signature:

```javascript
function reconcile(user, registration, userInfo, context) {
  // Lambda code goes here
}
```

This lambda must contain a function named `reconcile` that accepts the following parameters:

<ReconcileLambdaUserRegistrationParameters />
* `userInfo` - data returned by the Epic Games Account API. This object is read-only.
* `context` - <AvailableSince since="1.64.0"/> - an object containing the context of the request, including access to [secrets](/docs/extend/code/lambdas#secrets). This object is read-only.

The two FusionAuth objects are well documented in the [User API](/docs/apis/users) and [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations) documentation. The `idToken` may contain various user claims depending upon the user's Epic Games configuration.

## Assigning The Lambda

Once a lambda is created, you may assign it to the Epic Games identity provider in the IdP configuration.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb> and select your existing Epic Games configuration or click <InlineUIElement>Add provider</InlineUIElement> and select Epic Games if it has not yet been configured.

# External JWT Reconcile Lambda

import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import ReconcileLambdaIntro from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/lambdas/_reconcile-lambda-intro.mdx';
import ReconcileLambdaUserRegistrationParameters from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/lambdas/_reconcile-lambda-user-registration-parameters.mdx';

<ReconcileLambdaIntro identity_provider_name="External JWT" prefix="an" />

## Lambda Structure

If you are using the API to create the lambda you will need to ensure your function has the following signature:

```javascript
function reconcile(user, registration, jwt, context)  {
  // Lambda code goes here
}
```

This lambda must contain a function named `reconcile` that accepts the following parameters:

<ReconcileLambdaUserRegistrationParameters />
* `jwt` - the JSON payload returned by the external identity provider JWT. This object is read-only.
* `context` - <AvailableSince since="1.64.0"/> - an object containing the context of the request, including access to [secrets](/docs/extend/code/lambdas#secrets). This object is read-only.

The two FusionAuth objects are well documented in the [User API](/docs/apis/users) and [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations) documentation. The `jwt` may contain various user claims to utilize during the reconcile process.

## Assigning The Lambda

Once a lambda is created, you may assign it to the External JWT identity provider in the IdP configuration.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb> and select your existing External JWT configuration or click <InlineUIElement>Add provider</InlineUIElement> and select External JWT if it has not yet been configured.

## Example Lambda

The following is a simple example of an External JWT reconcile lambda. You will need to modify it to suit your needs.

```javascript
// This is an example External JWT reconcile, modify this to your liking.
function reconcile(user, registration, jwt) {
  // User claims
  user.firstName = jwt.first_name;
  user.lastName = jwt.last_name;
  user.birthDate = jwt.birth_date;
  user.imageUrl = jwt.image_url;
  user.data = user.data || {};
  user.data['email'] = jwt.email;

  // Registration claims
  registration.data = registration.data || {};
  registration.data['iss'] = jwt.iss;
}
```

# Facebook Reconcile Lambda

import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import ReconcileLambdaIntro from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/lambdas/_reconcile-lambda-intro.mdx';
import ReconcileLambdaUserRegistrationParameters from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/lambdas/_reconcile-lambda-user-registration-parameters.mdx';

<ReconcileLambdaIntro identity_provider_name="Facebook" prefix="a" />

## Lambda Structure

If you are using the API to create the lambda you will need to ensure your function has the following signature:

```javascript
function reconcile(user, registration, facebookUser, context) {
  // Lambda code goes here
}
```

This lambda must contain a function named `reconcile` that accepts the following parameters:

<ReconcileLambdaUserRegistrationParameters />
* `facebookUser` - the User returned from the Facebook Me API. This object is read-only.
* `context` - <AvailableSince since="1.64.0"/> - an object containing the context of the request, including access to [secrets](/docs/extend/code/lambdas#secrets). This object is read-only.

The two FusionAuth objects are well documented in the [User API](/docs/apis/users) and [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations) documentation. The `facebookUser` may contain various user claims depending upon the user's Facebook configuration.

## Assigning The Lambda

Once a lambda is created, you may assign it to the Facebook identity provider in the IdP configuration.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb> and select your existing Facebook configuration or click <InlineUIElement>Add provider</InlineUIElement> and select Facebook if it has not yet been configured.

## Default Lambda

A default Facebook reconcile lambda is available in FusionAuth that may be used or modified. The default Facebook lambda function is documented below.

```javascript
// This is the default Facebook reconcile, modify this to your liking.
function reconcile(user, registration, facebookUser) {
  // Un-comment this line to see the facebookUser object printed to the event log
  // console.info(JSON.stringify(facebookUser, null, 2));

  user.firstName = facebookUser.first_name;
  user.middleName = facebookUser.middle_name;
  user.lastName = facebookUser.last_name;
  user.fullName = facebookUser.name;

  if (facebookUser.picture && !facebookUser.picture.data.is_silhouette) {
    user.imageUrl = facebookUser.picture.data.url;
  }

  if (facebookUser.birthday) {
    // Convert MM/dd/yyyy -> YYYY-MM-DD
    var parts = facebookUser.birthday.split('/');
    user.birthDate = parts[2] + '-' +  parts[0] + '-' +  parts[1];
  }
}
```

# Google Reconcile Lambda

import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import ReconcileLambdaIntro from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/lambdas/_reconcile-lambda-intro.mdx';
import ReconcileLambdaUserRegistrationParameters from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/lambdas/_reconcile-lambda-user-registration-parameters.mdx';

<ReconcileLambdaIntro identity_provider_name="Google" prefix="a" />

## Lambda Structure

If you are using the API to create the lambda you will need to ensure your function has the following signature:

```javascript
function reconcile(user, registration, idToken, context) {
  // Lambda code goes here
}
```

This lambda must contain a function named `reconcile` that accepts the following parameters:

<ReconcileLambdaUserRegistrationParameters />
* `idToken` - the JSON payload returned by the Google Token Info API. This object is read-only.
* `context` - <AvailableSince since="1.64.0"/> - an object containing the context of the request, including access to [secrets](/docs/extend/code/lambdas#secrets). This object is read-only.

The two FusionAuth objects are well documented in the [User API](/docs/apis/users) and [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations) documentation. The `idToken` may contain various user claims to utilize during the reconcile process.

## Assigning The Lambda

Once a lambda is created, you may assign it to the Google identity provider in the IdP configuration.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb> and select your existing Google configuration or click <InlineUIElement>Add provider</InlineUIElement> and select Google if it has not yet been configured.

## Default Lambda

A default Google reconcile lambda is available in FusionAuth that may be used or modified. The default Google lambda function is documented below.

```javascript
// This is the default Google reconcile, modify this to your liking.
function reconcile(user, registration, idToken) {
  // Un-comment this line to see the idToken object printed to the event log
  // console.info(JSON.stringify(idToken, null, 2));

  // The idToken is the response from the tokeninfo endpoint
  // https://developers.google.com/identity/sign-in/web/backend-auth#calling-the-tokeninfo-endpoint
  user.firstName = idToken.given_name;
  user.lastName = idToken.family_name;
  user.fullName = idToken.name;
  user.imageUrl = idToken.picture;
}
```

# HYPR Reconcile Lambda

import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import ReconcileLambdaUserRegistrationParameters from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/lambdas/_reconcile-lambda-user-registration-parameters.mdx';

When an HYPR identity provider is used to complete a federated login request FusionAuth will use the email address to reconcile the user. You may optionally utilize a lambda to customize the user and user registration during this authentication event.

When you create a new lambda using the FusionAuth UI we will provide you an empty function for you to implement.

## Lambda Structure

If you are using the API to create the lambda you will need to ensure your function has the following signature:

```javascript
function reconcile(user, registration, context) {
  // Lambda code goes here
}
```

This lambda must contain a function named `reconcile` that accepts the following parameters:

<ReconcileLambdaUserRegistrationParameters />
* `context` - <AvailableSince since="1.64.0"/> - an object containing the context of the request, including access to [secrets](/docs/extend/code/lambdas#secrets). This object is read-only.

The two FusionAuth objects are well documented here in the [User API](/docs/apis/users) and [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations) documentation.

## Assigning The Lambda

Once a lambda is created, you may assign it to the HYPR identity provider in the IdP configuration.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb> and select your existing HYPR configuration or click <InlineUIElement>Add provider</InlineUIElement> and select HYPR if it has not yet been configured.

# LDAP Connector Reconcile Lambda

import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

When an LDAP Connector is used to authenticate a user based upon the Tenant connector policies, the LDAP Connector lambda is used to map the LDAP attributes into a FusionAuth user. This lambda runs every time the LDAP Connector runs.

When you create a new lambda using the FusionAuth UI we will provide you an empty function for you to implement.

## Lambda Structure

If you are using the API to create the lambda you will need to ensure your function has the following signature:

```javascript
function reconcile(user, userAttributes, context) {
  // Lambda code goes here
}
```

This lambda must contain a function named `reconcile` that accepts the following parameters:

* `user` - the FusionAuth User object. You can modify this object. However you cannot modify the `username` or `email` attributes once the account is linked.
* `userAttributes` - the user attributes returned from LDAP during authentication. This object is read-only.
* `context` - <AvailableSince since="1.64.0"/> - an object containing the context of the request, including access to [secrets](/docs/extend/code/lambdas#secrets). This object is read-only.

The FusionAuth user object is well documented in the [User API](/docs/apis/users) documentation. The `userAttributes` object may contain various values returned by the LDAP server.

### LDAP Attributes

LDAP attributes can be returned to FusionAuth in a string form or a byte array. Some attributes are considered non-string values and need to be provided in a byte array to be useful in the Lambda function.

A non-string attribute should be requested as a byte array. To request an attribute as a byte array, use the `;binary` LDAP attribute option as a suffix on your requested attribute. For example, instead of requesting `objectGUID`, you will request `objectGUID;binary`.

## Helper Functions

FusionAuth provides helper functions available in the Lambda function under the namespace `FusionAuth`.

### Active Directory Object GUID To UUID

When using this connector with Microsoft Active Directory, the `objectGUID` attribute will need to be configured to be returned as a byte array. This can be accomplished by appending the suffix `;binary` as an LDAP attribute option to the `objectGUID` in the requested attributes configuration.

Values requested as a byte array will be provided to the lambda function as a Base64 encoded string. Here is an example usage of the FusionAuth helper to convert this base64 encoded string representation of the `objectGUID` to a UUID.

```javascript
// Example usage to convert a Base64 encoded Microsoft Active Directory objectGUID to a valid FusionAuth UUID
user.id = FusionAuth.ActiveDirectory.b64GuidToString(userAttributes['objectGUID;binary']);
```


## Assigning The Lambda

Once a lambda is created, you may use it when adding an LDAP Connector in the Connector configuration.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Connectors</Breadcrumb> and click <InlineUIElement>Add</InlineUIElement> and select LDAP when prompted to select a connector type.

## Example Lambda

The following is a simple example of an LDAP Connector reconcile lambda. You will need to modify it to suit your needs.

```javascript
// This is an example LDAP Connector reconcile, modify this to your liking.
function reconcile(user, userAttributes) {

  // Uncomment this line to see the userAttributes object printed to the event log
  // console.info(JSON.stringify(userAttributes, null, 2));

  // This assumes the 'uid' attribute is a string form of a UUID in the format
  // `8-4-4-4-12`. It will be necessary to ensure an attribute is returned by your LDAP
  // connection that can be used for the FusionAuth user Id.
  user.id = userAttributes.uid;
  user.active = true;

  // if migrating users, tag them by uncommenting the below lines
  // user.data = {};
  // user.data.migrated = true;

  user.email = userAttributes.mail;
  user.fullName = userAttributes.cn;

  // In this example, the registration is hard coded, you may also build this
  // dynamically based upon the returned LDAP attributes.
  user.registrations = [{
    applicationId: "5d562fea-9ba9-4d5c-b4a3-e57bb254d6db",
    roles = ['user', 'admin']
  }];

}
```

### Example Active Directory Lambda

Active Directory does not have a `uid` attribute, and delivers the GUID as a binary value.

To enable the Connector to work with Active Directory, you must request this attribute: `objectGUID;binary`, decode it into a binary GUID, then convert that to a version 4 UUID. Then you can assign that value to the `user.id` property.

<Aside type="note">
`objectGUID;binary` must be specified in your `Requested Attributes` of the LDAP connector.
In other words, specifying only `objectGUID` will not pass the proper attribute value to the LDAP reconcile lambda.
</Aside>

The below Lambda does this:

```javascript
// Using the response from an LDAP connector, reconcile the User.
function reconcile(user, userAttributes) {

  user.email = userAttributes.userPrincipalName;
  user.firstName = userAttributes.givenName;
  user.lastName  = userAttributes.sn;
  user.active    = true;

  // if you are using FusionAuth 1.19.7 or later, you can use the built in method and omit the decodeBase64 and guidToString functions. This is recommended.
  // user.id = FusionAuth.ActiveDirectory.b64GuidToString(userAttributes['objectGuid;binary']);

  user.id = guidToString(userAttributes['objectGUID;binary']);
}

function decodeBase64(string)
{
  var b=0,l=0, r='',
    m='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/';
  string.split('').forEach(function (v) {
    b=(b<<6)+m.indexOf(v); l+=6;
    if (l>=8) r+=String.fromCharCode((b>>>(l-=8))&0xff);
  });
  return r;
}

function guidToString(b64)
{
    var x = decodeBase64(b64);

    var ret = "";

    for (i = 3; i >= 0; i--)
    {
        ret += ('00'+x.charCodeAt(i).toString(16)).substr(-2,2);
    }
    ret += "-";
    for (i = 5; i >= 4; i--)
    {
        //ret = ret + ('00' + (charCode & 0xFF00) >> 8);
        ret += ('00'+x.charCodeAt(i).toString(16)).substr(-2,2);
    }
    ret += "-";
    for (i = 7; i >= 6; i--)
    {
        //ret = ret + ('00' + (charCode & 0xFF00) >> 8);
        ret += ('00'+x.charCodeAt(i).toString(16)).substr(-2,2);
    }
    ret += "-";
    for (i = 8; i <= 9; i++)
    {
        //ret = ret + ('00' + (charCode & 0xFF00) >> 8);
        ret += ('00'+x.charCodeAt(i).toString(16)).substr(-2,2);
    }
    ret += "-";
    for (i = 10; i < 16; i++)
    {
        //ret = ret + ('00' + (charCode & 0xFF00) >> 8);
        ret += ('00'+x.charCodeAt(i).toString(16)).substr(-2,2);
    }

    return ret;
}
```

Thanks to community member Bradley Kite for providing this code.

# LinkedIn Reconcile Lambda

import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import ReconcileLambdaIntro from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/lambdas/_reconcile-lambda-intro.mdx';
import ReconcileLambdaUserRegistrationParameters from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/lambdas/_reconcile-lambda-user-registration-parameters.mdx';

<ReconcileLambdaIntro identity_provider_name="LinkedIn" prefix="a" />

## Lambda Structure

If you are using the API to create the lambda you will need to ensure your function has the following signature:

```javascript
function reconcile(user, registration, linkedInUser, context) {
  // Lambda code goes here
}
```

This lambda must contain a function named `reconcile` that accepts the following parameters:

<ReconcileLambdaUserRegistrationParameters />
* `linkedInUser` - the JSON payload returned by the LinkedIn Email and Me APIs. This object is read-only.
* `context` - <AvailableSince since="1.64.0"/> - an object containing the context of the request, including access to [secrets](/docs/extend/code/lambdas#secrets). This object is read-only.

The two FusionAuth objects are well documented in the [User API](/docs/apis/users) and [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations) documentation. The `linkedInUser` may contain various user claims depending upon the user's LinkedIn configuration and the scopes requested in the LinkedIn configuration.

## Assigning The Lambda

Once a lambda is created, you may assign it to the LinkedIn identity provider in the IdP configuration.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb> and select your existing LinkedIn configuration or click <InlineUIElement>Add provider</InlineUIElement> and select LinkedIn if it has not yet been configured.

## Default Lambda

A default LinkedIn reconcile lambda is available in FusionAuth that may be used or modified. The default LinkedIn lambda function is documented below.

Note that in this lambda we handle two different response objects depending on what type of integration with LinkedIn your application is using. See [Set Up Your LinkedIn App Client Credentials](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/linkedin#set-up-your-linkedin-app-client-credentials) for more information.

The best way to know which format your user's data is being return in is to use the `console.log` statement and print the `linkedInUser` field to the event log.

```javascript
// This is the default LinkedIn reconcile, modify this to your liking.
function reconcile(user, registration, linkedInUser) {
  // Un-comment this line to see the linkedInUser object printed to the event log
  // console.info(JSON.stringify(linkedInUser, null, ' '));

  // Depending on how and when you have set up your LinkedIn application you may get a different response back in the linkedInUser.
  //
  // The first checks apply if you are using the "Sign In with LinkedIn using OpenID Connect" with the "openid", "email", and "profile" scopes.
  // If so FusionAuth will call the LinkedIn UserInfo API.
  // See https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/linkedin/consumer/integrations/self-serve/sign-in-with-linkedin-v2#api-request-to-retreive-member-details
  //
  // The second checks apply if you are using the legacy program and Profile API with the "r_liteprofile" or "r_basicprofile" scopes.
  // See https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/linkedin/shared/integrations/people/profile-api

  if (linkedInUser.given_name) {
    user.firstName = linkedInUser.given_name;
  } else if (linkedInUser.localizedFirstName) {
    user.firstName = linkedInUser.localizedFirstName;
  }

  if (linkedInUser.family_name) {
    user.lastName = linkedInUser.family_name;
  } else if (linkedInUser.localizedLastName) {
    user.lastName = linkedInUser.localizedLastName;
  }

  if (linkedInUser.picture) {
    // UserInfo will only supply one image size
    user.imageUrl = linkedInUser.picture;
  } else if (linkedInUser.profilePicture){
    // LinkedIn may return several images sizes.
    // See https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/linkedin/shared/references/v2/profile/profile-picture
    // We'll sort the array by descending size and then grab the largest one.
    var images = linkedInUser.profilePicture['displayImage~'].elements || [];
    images.sort(function(a, b) {
      return b.data["com.linkedin.digitalmedia.mediaartifact.StillImage"].displaySize.width - a.data["com.linkedin.digitalmedia.mediaartifact.StillImage"].displaySize.width;
    });
    if (images.length > 0) {
      user.imageUrl = images[0].identifiers[0].identifier;
    }
  }
}
```

# Nintendo Reconcile Lambda

import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import ReconcileLambdaIntro from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/lambdas/_reconcile-lambda-intro.mdx';
import ReconcileLambdaUserRegistrationParameters from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/lambdas/_reconcile-lambda-user-registration-parameters.mdx';

<ReconcileLambdaIntro identity_provider_name="Nintendo" prefix="a" />

## Lambda Structure

If you are using the API to create the lambda you will need to ensure your function has the following signature:

```javascript
function reconcile(user, registration, userInfo, context) {
  // Lambda code goes here
}
```

This lambda must contain a function named `reconcile` that accepts the following parameters:

<ReconcileLambdaUserRegistrationParameters />
* `userInfo` - the JSON payload returned by the Nintendo Token Info API. This object is read-only.
* `context` - <AvailableSince since="1.64.0"/> - an object containing the context of the request, including access to [secrets](/docs/extend/code/lambdas#secrets). This object is read-only.

The two FusionAuth objects are well documented in the [User API](/docs/apis/users) and [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations) documentation. The `userInfo` may contain various user claims depending upon the user's Nintendo configuration.

## Assigning The Lambda

Once a lambda is created, you may assign it to the Nintendo identity provider in the IdP configuration.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb> and select your existing Nintendo configuration or click <InlineUIElement>Add provider</InlineUIElement> and select Nintendo if it has not yet been configured.

# OpenID Connect Reconcile Lambda

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import OpenidConnectExampleLambda from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_openid-connect-example-lambda.mdx';
import ReconcileLambdaIntro from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/lambdas/_reconcile-lambda-intro.mdx';
import ReconcileLambdaUserRegistrationParameters from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/lambdas/_reconcile-lambda-user-registration-parameters.mdx';

<ReconcileLambdaIntro identity_provider_name="OpenID Connect" prefix="an" extra_reconcile=" and well known OpenID Connect claims " extra_text="It is common that the claims returned from the UserInfo endpoint during an OpenID Connect login request will contain custom claims defined by your identity provider. In order to utilize these custom claims you may wish to use a lambda to assist FusionAuth during the login request to copy these claims to appropriate fields on the FusionAuth user object."
/>

## Lambda Structure

If you are using the API to create the lambda you will need to ensure your function has the following signature:

```javascript
function reconcile(user, registration, jwt, id_token, tokens, context) {
  // Lambda code goes here
}
```

This lambda must contain a function named `reconcile` that accepts the following parameters:

<ReconcileLambdaUserRegistrationParameters />
* `jwt` - the JSON payload returned from the OpenID Connect UserInfo endpoint. This object is read-only.
* `id_token` - the JSON payload returned in the `id_token` when available. This parameter will be `undefined` in that case. This object is read-only. &nbsp;<AvailableSince since="1.31.0"/>
* `tokens` - an object containing the encoded versions of the `access_token` and optionally the `id_token` when available. This object is read-only. &nbsp;<AvailableSince since="1.48.0"/>
* `context` - an object containing the context of the request, including access to [secrets](/docs/extend/code/lambdas#secrets). This object is read-only. &nbsp;<AvailableSince since="1.64.0"/>

The two FusionAuth objects are well documented in the [User API](/docs/apis/users) and [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations) documentation.

The `jwt` object contains the payload from the UserInfo endpoint. It may contain well known OpenID Connect registered claims as well as any custom claims defined by the Identity Provider.

The `id_token` will be provided to the Lambda only when it was returned by the IdP and the signature can be verified. The `id_token` will be returned by the Identity Provider when the `openid` scope was requested.

The signature can be verified in one of two ways:
* The token has been signed using the `client_secret` and an HMAC algorithm.
* The token has been signed using an asymmetric key-pair and the public key used to verify the signature has been published using the JSON Web Key Set (JWKS) and is correctly advertised by the `jwks_uri` in the `.well-known/openid-configuration` discovery document. In order for FusionAuth to correctly resolve this public key, you must configure the IdP using the Issuer and allow FusionAuth to discover the OpenID Connect configuration using the OpenID Connect discovery document. If you manually configure the Authorize, Token and UserInfo endpoints, automatic discovery of the JSON Web Key Set URI will not occur.

Please note that prior to version `1.48.0`, this parameter was only available if it had been signed with the `client_secret` using an HMAC algorithm.

The `tokens` parameter will always be present and will contain the encoded version of the `access_token`. When the `id_token` is present and the signature has been verified, this object will also contain the `id_token` in the encoded form. These tokens may be useful if you need to use the HTTP Lambda Connect feature to make an external API call using either of these tokens.

## Assigning The Lambda

Once a lambda is created, you may assign it to one or more OpenID Connect IdPs in the IdP configuration.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb> and select your existing an OpenID Connect configuration or click <InlineUIElement>Add provider</InlineUIElement> and select OpenID Connect if it has not yet been configured.

## Example Lambda

<OpenidConnectExampleLambda />

## Modifying Email And Username Claims

FusionAuth will require an email or username to create a user. However, if the response from the UserInfo endpoint, or the `id_token` does not return an email claim you can optionally create a unique value to satisfy this requirement. This claim is `email` by default but may be changed with the `oauth2.emailClaim` as documented in the [OpenID Connect Identity Provider API](/docs/apis/identity-providers/openid-connect).

<Aside type="note">
This capability is available beginning in version `1.31.0`. It was also available from `1.17.3` to `1.28.0`.
</Aside>

In this example, we will assume the `jwt` or `id_token` objects contain unique user information such as the `sub` claim. This unique value can be used to fabricate an email address.

```javascript
function(user, registration, jwt, id_token, tokens) {
  // The user's unique Id is the 'sub' claim.
  user.email = jwt.sub + '@no-email-present.example.com';
}
```

Make sure you pick an email address for a domain you control to avoid malicious attacks. Modifying the username or email address may cause your lambda to be run two times. It will be run again if you modify the linking strategy claim and an existing user is found that matches.

You can't modify an email claim if the linking strategy is username or the username claim if the linking strategy is email. Modifying the claim that is not being linked on will be ignored because doing so could cause collisions if you were to change the linking strategy later.

# SAML v2 Reconcile Lambda

import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import ReconcileLambdaIntro from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/lambdas/_reconcile-lambda-intro.mdx';
import ReconcileLambdaUserRegistrationParameters from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/lambdas/_reconcile-lambda-user-registration-parameters.mdx';
import SamlResponseFields from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/lambdas/_saml-response-fields.mdx';

<ReconcileLambdaIntro identity_provider_name="SAML v2" prefix="an" extra_reconcile=" and well known SAML v2 attributes " extra_text="It is common that the SAML attributes (claims) returned from the SAML IdP login request will contain custom attributes. In order to utilize these custom attributes you may wish to use a lambda to assist FusionAuth during the login request to copy these claims to appropriate fields on the FusionAuth user object."
/>

## Lambda Structure

If you are using the API to create the lambda you will need to ensure your function has the following signature:

```javascript
function reconcile(user, registration, samlResponse, context) {
  // Lambda code goes here
}
```

This lambda must contain a function named `reconcile` that accepts the following parameters:

<ReconcileLambdaUserRegistrationParameters />
* `samlResponse` - the SAML v2 response object. This is read-only.
* `context` - <AvailableSince since="1.64.0"/> - an object containing the context of the request, including access to [secrets](/docs/extend/code/lambdas#secrets). This object is read-only.

The two FusionAuth objects are well documented here in the [User API](/docs/apis/users) and [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations) documentation. The SAML response object mimics the format of the XML document, but is designed to be much simpler to use than dealing with the DOM object model. Here is a list of the fields you have access to manipulate in the SAML response:

<SamlResponseFields />

## Assigning The Lambda

Once a lambda is created, you may assign it to one or more SAML v2 IdPs in the IdP configuration.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb> and select your existing a SAML v2 configuration or click <InlineUIElement>Add provider</InlineUIElement> and select SAML v2 if it has not yet been configured.

## Example Lambda

Here is an example of a simple Lambda that sets roles and attributes on the FusionAuth user from the SAML v2 response.

```javascript
function reconcile(user, registration, samlResponse) {
  // Assign the roles to the user from the SAML attribute named 'roles'
  registration.roles = samlResponse.assertion.attributes['roles'] || [];
  // Set Assign a custom attribute from the SAML attribute named 'favoriteColor'
  registration.data.favoriteColor = samlResponse.assertion.attributes['favoriteColor'];

  // Create an event log of type 'Debug' when the lambda has Debug enabled
  console.debug('FusionAuth reconciled a User from a SAML v2 IdP and I helped!');
}
```

During development if you want to get a better idea of what your IdP is returning in the `samlResponse` object, you may print the contents of this object to the Event Log to help you write the lambda. Add the following line of code to your lambda to dump the entire object to an informational event log.

```javascript
// Pretty print the samlResponse object to the Event Log
console.info(JSON.stringify(samlResponse, null, 2));
```

# Sony PlayStation Network Reconcile Lambda

import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import ReconcileLambdaIntro from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/lambdas/_reconcile-lambda-intro.mdx';
import ReconcileLambdaUserRegistrationParameters from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/lambdas/_reconcile-lambda-user-registration-parameters.mdx';

<ReconcileLambdaIntro identity_provider_name="Sony PlayStation Network" prefix="a" />

## Lambda Structure

If you are using the API to create the lambda you will need to ensure your function has the following signature:

```javascript
function reconcile(user, registration, userInfo, context) {
  // Lambda code goes here
}
```

This lambda must contain a function named `reconcile` that accepts the following parameters:

<ReconcileLambdaUserRegistrationParameters />
* `userInfo` - the JSON payload returned by the Sony PlayStation Network UserInfo API. This object is read-only.
* `context` - <AvailableSince since="1.64.0"/> - an object containing the context of the request, including access to [secrets](/docs/extend/code/lambdas#secrets). This object is read-only.

The two FusionAuth objects are well documented in the [User API](/docs/apis/users) and [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations) documentation. The `userInfo` may contain various user claims depending upon the user's Sony PlayStation Network configuration.

## Assigning The Lambda

Once a lambda is created, you may assign it to the Sony PlayStation Network identity provider in the IdP configuration.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb> and select your existing Sony PlayStation Network configuration or click <InlineUIElement>Add provider</InlineUIElement> and select Sony PlayStation Network if it has not yet been configured.

# Steam Reconcile Lambda

import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import ReconcileLambdaUserRegistrationParameters from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/lambdas/_reconcile-lambda-user-registration-parameters.mdx';
import ReconcileLambdaIntro from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/lambdas/_reconcile-lambda-intro.mdx';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

<ReconcileLambdaIntro identity_provider_name="Steam" prefix="a" />

## Lambda Structure

If you are using the API to create the lambda you will need to ensure your function has the following signature:

```javascript
function reconcile(user, registration, userInfo, context) {
  // Lambda code goes here
}
```

This lambda must contain a function named `reconcile` that accepts the following parameters:

<ReconcileLambdaUserRegistrationParameters />
* `userInfo` - the JSON payload returned by the Steam Player Summaries API. This object is read-only.
* `context` - <AvailableSince since="1.64.0"/> - an object containing the context of the request, including access to [secrets](/docs/extend/code/lambdas#secrets). This object is read-only.

The two FusionAuth objects are well documented in the [User API](/docs/apis/users) and [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations) documentation. The `userInfo` may contain various user claims depending upon the user's Steam configuration.

## Assigning The Lambda

Once a lambda is created, you may assign it to the Steam identity provider in the IdP configuration.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb> and select your existing Steam configuration or click <InlineUIElement>Add provider</InlineUIElement> and select Steam if it has not yet been configured.

# Twitch Reconcile Lambda

import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import ReconcileLambdaUserRegistrationParameters from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/lambdas/_reconcile-lambda-user-registration-parameters.mdx';
import ReconcileLambdaIntro from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/lambdas/_reconcile-lambda-intro.mdx';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

<ReconcileLambdaIntro identity_provider_name="Twitch" prefix="a" />

## Lambda Structure

If you are using the API to create the lambda you will need to ensure your function has the following signature:

```javascript
function reconcile(user, registration, userInfo, context) {
  // Lambda code goes here
}
```

This lambda must contain a function named `reconcile` that accepts the following parameters:

<ReconcileLambdaUserRegistrationParameters />
* `userInfo` - the JSON payload returned by the Twitch Token Info API. This object is read-only.
* `context` - <AvailableSince since="1.64.0"/> - an object containing the context of the request, including access to [secrets](/docs/extend/code/lambdas#secrets). This object is read-only.

The two FusionAuth objects are well documented in the [User API](/docs/apis/users) and [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations) documentation. The `userInfo` may contain various user claims depending upon the user's Twitch configuration.

## Assigning The Lambda

Once a lambda is created, you may assign it to the Twitch identity provider in the IdP configuration.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb> and select your existing Twitch configuration or click <InlineUIElement>Add provider</InlineUIElement> and select Twitch if it has not yet been configured.

# Twitter Reconcile Lambda

import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import ReconcileLambdaUserRegistrationParameters from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/lambdas/_reconcile-lambda-user-registration-parameters.mdx';
import ReconcileLambdaIntro from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/lambdas/_reconcile-lambda-intro.mdx';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

<ReconcileLambdaIntro identity_provider_name="Twitter" prefix="a" />

## Lambda Structure

If you are using the API to create the lambda you will need to ensure your function has the following signature:

```javascript
function reconcile(user, registration, twitterUser, context) {
  // Lambda code goes here
}
```

This lambda must contain a function named `reconcile` that accepts the following parameters:

<ReconcileLambdaUserRegistrationParameters />
* `twitterUser` - the JSON user object returned by the Twitter Verify Credentials API. This object is read-only.
* `context` - <AvailableSince since="1.64.0"/> - an object containing the context of the request, including access to [secrets](/docs/extend/code/lambdas#secrets). This object is read-only.

The two FusionAuth objects are well documented in the [User API](/docs/apis/users) and [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations) documentation. The `twitterUser` may contain various user claims to utilize during the reconcile process.

## Assigning The Lambda

Once a lambda is created, you may assign it to the Twitter identity provider in the IdP configuration.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb> and select your existing Twitter configuration or click <InlineUIElement>Add provider</InlineUIElement> and select Twitter if it has not yet been configured.

## Example Lambda

There is not a default Twitter reconcile lambda provided by FusionAuth. The following is an example lambda you can use as a starting point.

```javascript
// This is the default Twitter reconcile, modify this to your liking.
function reconcile(user, registration, twitterUser) {
  // Un-comment this line to see the twitterUser object printed to the event log
  // console.info(JSON.stringify(twitterUser, null, 2));

  // Set name if available in the response
  if (twitterUser.name) {
    user.fullName = twitterUser.name;
  }

  // https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/accounts-and-users/user-profile-images-and-banners.html
  if (twitterUser.profile_image_url_https) {
    // Remove the _normal suffix to get the original size.
    user.imageUrl = twitterUser.profile_image_url_https.replace('_normal.png', '.png');
  }

  // Set twitter screen_name in registration.
  // - This is just for display purposes, this value cannot be used to uniquely identify
  //   the user in FusionAuth.
  registration.username = twitterUser.screen_name;
}
```

# Xbox Reconcile Lambda

import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import ReconcileLambdaIntro from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/lambdas/_reconcile-lambda-intro.mdx';
import ReconcileLambdaUserRegistrationParameters from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/lambdas/_reconcile-lambda-user-registration-parameters.mdx';

<ReconcileLambdaIntro identity_provider_name="Xbox" prefix="an" />

## Lambda Structure

If you are using the API to create the lambda you will need to ensure your function has the following signature:

```javascript
function reconcile(user, registration, userInfo, context) {
  // Lambda code goes here
}
```

This lambda must contain a function named `reconcile` that accepts the following parameters:

<ReconcileLambdaUserRegistrationParameters />
* `userInfo` - the JSON payload returned by the Xbox Token Info API. This object is read-only.
* `context` - <AvailableSince since="1.64.0"/> - an object containing the context of the request, including access to [secrets](/docs/extend/code/lambdas#secrets). This object is read-only.

The two FusionAuth objects are well documented in the [User API](/docs/apis/users) and [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations) documentation. The `userInfo` may contain various user claims depending upon the user's Xbox configuration.

## Assigning The Lambda

Once a lambda is created, you may assign it to the Xbox identity provider in the IdP configuration.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb> and select your existing Xbox configuration or click <InlineUIElement>Add provider</InlineUIElement> and select Xbox if it has not yet been configured.

# SAML v2 Populate Lambda

import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import SamlResponseFields from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/lambdas/_saml-response-fields.mdx';

In order to handle complex integrations with SAML service providers, you can specify a lambda to be used by a FusionAuth application acting as SAML identity provider (IdP). This lambda will be invoked prior to the SAML response being sent back to the service provider.

When you create a new lambda using the FusionAuth UI we will provide you an empty function for you to implement.

## Lambda Structure

If you are using the API to create the lambda you will need to ensure your function has the following signature:

```javascript
function populate(samlResponse, user, registration, context) {
  // Lambda code goes here
}
```

This lambda must contain a function named `populate` that accepts the following parameters:

* `samlResponse` - the SAML v2 response object. You can modify this object.
* `user` - the FusionAuth User object. This object is read-only.
* `registration` - the FusionAuth UserRegistration object. This object is read-only.
* `context` - <AvailableSince since="1.64.0"/> - an object containing the context of the request, including access to [secrets](/docs/extend/code/lambdas#secrets). This object is read-only.

The two FusionAuth objects are well documented in the [User API](/docs/apis/users) and [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations) documentation. The SAML response object mimics the format of the XML document, but is designed to be much simpler to use than dealing with the DOM object model. Here is a list of the fields you have access to manipulate in the SAML response:

<SamlResponseFields />

## Assigning The Lambda

Once a lambda is created, you may assign it to one or more applications in the SAML configuration. See the SAML tab in the Application configuration.

## Example Lambda

Here is an example of a simple Lambda that sets a few extra parameters into the SAML response from the User, including some custom data:

```javascript
function populate(samlResponse, user, registration) {
  // Set an attribute named 'roles' from the User assigned roles for this registration
  samlResponse.assertion.attributes['roles'] = registration.roles || [];
  // Set an attribute named 'favoriteColor' using the custom data attribute named 'favoriteColor'
  samlResponse.assertion.attributes['favoriteColor'] = [user.data.favoriteColor];
}
```

# SCIM Group Request Converter Lambda

import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';

If you would like to convert an incoming SCIM Group request into a Group, you must specify a lambda in the SCIM configuration. This lambda will be invoked prior to the Group being acted upon.

When you create a new lambda using the FusionAuth UI we will provide you an empty function for you to implement.

## Lambda Structure

If you are using the API to create the lambda you will need to ensure your function has the following signature:

```javascript
function convert(group, members, options, scimGroup, context) {
  // Lambda code goes here
}
```

This lambda must contain a function named `convert` that accepts the following parameters:

* `group` - the FusionAuth Group object. You can modify this object.
* `members` - the members in this FusionAuth Group. You can modify this object.
  * `members[x].userId` - The Id of the FusionAuth User
  * `members[x].data.$ref` - The URI to retrieve the SCIM User representation of the FusionAuth User

    * ex. `https://login.piedpiper.com/api/scim/v2/Users/902c246b-6245-4190-8e05-00816be7344a`

* `options` - request options. You can modify this object.
  * `options.roleIds`
* `scimGroup` - the SCIM request object. This object is read-only.
* `context` - <AvailableSince since="1.64.0"/> - an object containing the context of the request, including access to [secrets](/docs/extend/code/lambdas#secrets). This object is read-only.

The FusionAuth object is well documented in the [Group API](/docs/apis/groups) documentation. The SCIM Group object is a JavaScript object containing the SCIM Group request JSON payload. See [SCIM Group](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7643#section-4.2).

You may add or modify anything in the `group`, `members` and `options` objects.

## Assigning The Lambda

Once a lambda is created, you must assign it to a Tenant. See the SCIM tab in the Tenant configuration.

## Default Lambda

A default SCIM Group Request Converter Lambda that converts an incoming SCIM Group request to a FusionAuth Group is available and may be used or modified. The lambda function is documented below.

```javascript
function convert(group, members, options, scimGroup) {
  // Un-comment this line to see the scimGroup object printed to the event log
  // console.info(JSON.stringify(scimGroup, null, 2));

  // Request options
  // FusionAuth allows you to assign one or more application roles to a group.
  // To use this feature, assign one or more application Ids here.
  // options.roleIds = [];

  // Set the name of the group using the SCIM Group displayName
  group.name = scimGroup.displayName;

  // Build a members array with a userId and a $ref in custom data
  if (scimGroup.members) {
    for (var i = 0; i < scimGroup.members.length; i++) {
      members.push({
        userId: scimGroup.members[i].value,
        data: {
          $ref: scimGroup.members[i]['$ref']
        }
      });
    }
  }
}
```

# SCIM Group Response Converter Lambda

import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';

If you would like to convert an outgoing FusionAuth Group response into a SCIM Group, you must specify a lambda in the SCIM configuration. This lambda will be invoked after the Group was acted upon.

When you create a new lambda using the FusionAuth UI we will provide you an empty function for you to implement.

## Lambda Structure

If you are using the API to create the lambda you will need to ensure your function has the following signature:

```javascript
function convert(scimGroup, group, members, context) {
  // Lambda code goes here
}
```

This lambda must contain a function named `convert` that accepts the following parameters:

* `scimGroup` - the SCIM Group object. You can modify this object.
* `group` - the FusionAuth Group object. This object is read-only.
* `members` - the members in this FusionAuth Group. This object is read-only.
* `context` - <AvailableSince since="1.64.0"/> - an object containing the context of the request, including access to [secrets](/docs/extend/code/lambdas#secrets). This object is read-only.

The FusionAuth `group` object is well documented in the [Group API](/docs/apis/groups) documentation. The `members` object is an array of `user` objects, well documented in the [User API](/docs/apis/users). The SCIM Group object is a JavaScript object containing the SCIM Group response JSON payload. See [SCIM Group](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7643#section-4.2).

You may add or modify anything in the `scimGroup` object.

## Assigning The Lambda

Once a lambda is created, you must assign it to a Tenant. See the SCIM tab in the Tenant configuration.

## Default Lambda

A default SCIM Group Response Converter Lambda that converts an outgoing FusionAuth Group response to a SCIM Group is available and may be used or modified. The lambda function is documented below.

```javascript
function convert(scimGroup, group, members) {
  // Un-comment this line to see the group object printed to the event log
  // console.info(JSON.stringify(group, null, 2));

  // Set the outgoing displayName on the SCIM group using the FusionAuth group name.
  scimGroup.displayName = group.name;
}
```

# SCIM User Request Converter Lambda

import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';

If you would like to convert an incoming SCIM User and optionally SCIM EnterpriseUser request into a User, you must specify a lambda in the SCIM configuration. This lambda will be invoked prior to the User being acted upon.

When you create a new lambda using the FusionAuth UI we will provide you an empty function for you to implement.

## Lambda Structure

If you are using the API to create the lambda you will need to ensure your function has the following signature:

```javascript
function convert(user, options, scimUser, context) {
  // Lambda code goes here
}
```

This lambda must contain a function named `convert` that accepts the following parameters:

* `user` - the FusionAuth User object. You can modify this object.
* `options` - request options. This object is read-only. This object has the following properties:
** `options.applicationId`
** `options.disableDomainBlock`
** `options.sendSetPasswordEmail`
** `options.skipVerification` NOTE: only applies during a User create request
* `scimUser` - the SCIM request object. This object is read-only.
* `context` - <AvailableSince since="1.64.0"/> - an object containing the context of the request, including access to [secrets](/docs/extend/code/lambdas#secrets). This object is read-only.

The FusionAuth objects are well documented in the [User API](/docs/apis/users) documentation. The `options` object contains parameters matching the non-User object Create User API parameters, such as `disableDomainBlock`.

The SCIM User object is a JavaScript object containing the SCIM User and optionally the SCIM EnterpriseUser request JSON payload. See [SCIM User](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7643#section-4.1) and [SCIM EnterpriseUser extension](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7643#section-4.3).

You may add or modify anything in the `user` and `options` objects.

## Assigning The Lambda

Once a lambda is created, you must assign it to a Tenant. See the SCIM tab in the Tenant configuration.

## Default Lambda

A default SCIM User Request Converter Lambda that converts an incoming SCIM User and SCIM EnterpriseUser request to a FusionAuth User is available and may be used or modified. The lambda function is documented below.

```javascript
function convert(user, options, scimUser) {
  // Un-comment this line to see the scimUser object printed to the event log
  // console.info(JSON.stringify(scimUser, null, 2));

  // Request options
  // Note, sendSetPasswordEmail is only utilized during a user create request.
  // options.applicationId = null;
  // options.disableDomainBlock = false;
  // options.sendSetPasswordEmail = false;
  // options.skipVerification = false;

  user.active = scimUser.active;
  user.data.honorificPrefix = scimUser.name && scimUser.name.honorificPrefix;
  user.data.honorificSuffix = scimUser.name && scimUser.name.honorificSuffix;
  user.firstName = scimUser.name && scimUser.name.givenName;
  user.fullName = scimUser.name && scimUser.name.formatted;
  user.lastName = scimUser.name && scimUser.name.familyName;
  user.middleName = scimUser.name && scimUser.name.middleName;
  user.password = scimUser.password;
  user.username = scimUser.userName;

  // user.email
  if (scimUser.emails) {
    for (var i = 0; i < scimUser.emails.length; i++) {
      if (scimUser.emails[i].primary) {
        user.email = scimUser.emails[i].value;
      }
    }
  }

  // user.mobilePhone
  if (scimUser.phoneNumbers) {
    for (var j = 0; j < scimUser.phoneNumbers.length; j++) {
      if (scimUser.phoneNumbers[j].primary) {
        user.mobilePhone = scimUser.phoneNumbers[j].value;
      }
    }
  }

  // Handle the Enterprise User extension and other custom extensions
  if (scimUser.schemas) {
    for (var k = 0; k < scimUser.schemas.length; k++) {
      var schema = scimUser.schemas[k];
      if (schema !== 'urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User') {
        user.data = user.data || {};
        user.data.extensions = user.data.extensions || {};
        user.data.extensions[schema] = scimUser[schema] || {};
      }
    }
  }
}
```

# SCIM User Response Converter Lambda

import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';

If you would like to convert an outgoing FusionAuth User response into a SCIM User and optionally SCIM EnterpriseUser, you must specify a lambda in the SCIM configuration. This lambda will be invoked after the User was acted upon.

When you create a new lambda using the FusionAuth UI we will provide you an empty function for you to implement.

## Lambda Structure

If you are using the API to create the lambda you will need to ensure your function has the following signature:

```javascript
function convert(scimUser, user, context) {
  // Lambda code goes here
}
```

This lambda must contain a function named `convert` that accepts the following parameters:

* `scimUser` - the SCIM response object. You can modify this object.
* `user` - the FusionAuth User object. This object is read-only.
* `context` - <AvailableSince since="1.64.0"/> - an object containing the context of the request, including access to [secrets](/docs/extend/code/lambdas#secrets). This object is read-only.

The FusionAuth `user` object is well documented in the [User API](/docs/apis/users) documentation. The SCIM User object is a JavaScript object containing the SCIM User and optionally the SCIM EnterpriseUser response JSON payload. See [SCIM User](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7643#section-4.1) and [SCIM EnterpriseUser extension](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7643#section-4.3).

You may add or modify anything in the `scimUser` object.

## Assigning The Lambda

Once a lambda is created, you must assign it to a Tenant. See the SCIM tab in the Tenant configuration.

## Default Lambda

A default SCIM User Response Converter Lambda that converts an outgoing FusionAuth User to a SCIM USER and SCIM EnterpriseUser response to a FusionAuth User is available and may be used or modified. The lambda function is documented below.

```javascript
function convert(scimUser, user) {
  // Un-comment this line to see the user object printed to the event log
  // console.info(JSON.stringify(user, null, 2));

  scimUser.active = user.active;
  scimUser.userName = user.username;
  scimUser.name = {
    formatted: user.fullName,
    familyName: user.lastName,
    givenName: user.firstName,
    middleName: user.middleName,
    honorificPrefix: user.data.honorificPrefix,
    honorificSuffix: user.data.honorificSuffix
  };

  scimUser.phoneNumbers = [{
    primary: true,
    value: user.mobilePhone,
    type: "mobile"
  }];

  scimUser.emails = [{
    primary: true,
    value: user.email,
    type: "work"
  }];

  // Optionally return any custom extensions stored in user.data
  if (user.data && user.data.extensions) {
    for (var extension in user.data.extensions) {
      if (scimUser.schemas.indexOf(extension) === -1) {
        scimUser.schemas.push(extension);
      }
      scimUser[extension] = user.data.extensions[extension];
    }
  }
}
```

# Self-Service Registration Validation Lambda

import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

When you have an [Advanced Registration Form](/docs/lifecycle/register-users/advanced-registration-forms) you may add a lambda to perform additional validation of the form fields as the user completes steps in the form.

When you create a new lambda using the FusionAuth UI, we will provide you an empty function for you to implement.

## Lambda Structure

If you are using the API to create the lambda, you will need to ensure your function has the following signature:

```javascript
function validate(result, user, registration, formContext, context) {
  // Lambda code goes here
}
```

This lambda must contain a function named `validate` that accepts the following parameters:

* `result` - an object used for returning validation errors. You can modify this object.
* `user` - the FusionAuth User object. This object is read-only.
* `registration` - the FusionAuth UserRegistration object. This object is read-only.
* `formContext` - an object containing data about the current form state. This object is read-only. This object has the following properties:
  - `fields` - an array of [Form Fields](/docs/apis/custom-forms/form-fields) in the current form step.
  - `form` - the FusionAuth Form object which is documented in the [Forms API](/docs/apis/custom-forms/forms).
  - `step` - the current step number (see note below)
  - `stepIndex` - the zero-indexed number of the current step (always step - 1)
  - `totalSteps` - the total number of steps in the form
* `context` - <AvailableSince since="1.64.0"/> - an object containing the context of the request, including access to [secrets](/docs/extend/code/lambdas#secrets). This object is read-only.

The `result` object contains an [Errors](/docs/apis/errors) object. The `user` and `registration` objects are well documented in the [User API](/docs/apis/users) and [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations) documentation.

With this information you may programmatically perform any validation you wish as the user steps through the self-service registration form. When the user posts the form by hitting the <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement> or <InlineUIElement>Register</InlineUIElement> buttons (depending on the step) the data for the user and registration fields present on the form step will be populated on the `user` and `registration` objects available to the lambda. All of the objects available to the lambda are immutable except for the `result` object which will provide the validation errors to the form. The `result` is the output of the lambda function.

Field errors should use a key that correlates to the form field in error and to a message defined in the theme. If the form field `user.data.name` is invalid then an appropriate error key would be `[invalid]user.data.name`, for example.

## Example Lambda

Here is how you can setup a simple lambda that will allow a user to tell you who their current auth provider is and who their future auth provider will be. If they supply a current auth provider FusionAuth will conditionally validate who their future auth provider is, and it must be "FusionAuth"!

First you need to set up an advanced registration form with two steps. The lambda will perform validation on the second step.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/code/lambdas/self-service-reg-form-setup.png" alt="Self-Service registration example form setup" width="800" role="bottom-cropped top-cropped" />

You will also add appropriate messaging to your theme.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/code/lambdas/self-service-reg-messages.png" alt="Self-Service registration example theme messages" width="800" role="bottom-cropped top-cropped" />

Then you will supply the following lambda code for the validation

```javascript
// Validate the self-service registration form here
function validate(result, user, registration, context) {
    // On form step "2"
    if (context.step === 2 &&
        // if the user has filled out the "currentAuth" field
        user.data.currentAuth !== null &&
        // and their "futureAuth" provider field is not "FusionAuth"
        user.data.futureAuth !== 'FusionAuth') {
      // set a field error for the "futureAuth" field
      result.errors.fieldErrors['user.data.futureAuth'] = [{
        // with the "invalid" error code that we have defined in the theme
        code: '[invalid]user.data.futureAuth'
      }];
    }
}
```

When a user goes to register they will see this form step

<img src="/img/docs/extend/code/lambdas/self-service-reg-form-blank.png" alt="Self-Service registration example blank form step" width="800" role="bottom-cropped top-cropped" />

When the user submits the wrong future auth provider FusionAuth will trigger the validation and supply the error message

<img src="/img/docs/extend/code/lambdas/self-service-reg-form-invalid.png" alt="Self-Service registration example invalid form step" width="800" role="bottom-cropped top-cropped" />

# Test Lambdas

import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import IconButton from 'src/components/IconButton.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

This guide shows you how to create a simple lambda manually, update it programmatically, and test it with unit and integration tests. You can familiarize yourself with lambdas by reading the [FusionAuth lambda documentation](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/).

## Prerequisites

To follow this guide, you need

- [Node.js version 18](https://nodejs.org/en/download) or later
- [Docker](https://www.docker.com/get-started/)

### Lambda Limitations

<Aside type="note">
  Remember the following limitations of lambdas when planning what they'll do:
  <ul>
    <li>Lambdas do not have full access to JavaScript libraries, nor can they load them currently.</li>
    <li>The console methods take only one argument.</li>
    <li>HTTP requests are not available in the Community or Starter FusionAuth plans.</li>
    <li>If you set the Identity Provider [linking strategy](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/#linking-strategies) to "Link Anonymously", no lambdas will be used for external authentication.</li>
  </ul>
</Aside>

## Set Up The FusionAuth Sample Project

Download or use Git to clone the [testing-lambdas repository](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-testing-lambdas). Open a terminal in the directory you just created and start FusionAuth with Docker.

```bash
docker compose up -d
```

This command will run FusionAuth and set up a sample application with an API Key and a User, configured in the `kickstart.json` file in the `kickstart` subdirectory.

FusionAuth will be initially configured with these settings.

* Your example username is `richard@example.com` and the password is `password`.
* Your admin username is `admin@example.com` and the password is `password`.
* The base URL of FusionAuth [http://localhost:9011/](http://localhost:9011/).

<Aside type="caution">
  The `.env` and `kickstart.json` files contain passwords. In a real application, always add these files to your `.gitignore` file and never commit secrets to version control.
</Aside>

## Manually Create A Simple Lambda

Let's start by making a simple lambda to test that it works on your machine.

- Log in to the [FusionAuth admin UI](http://localhost:9011/admin).
- Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Lambdas</Breadcrumb>.
- Click the <IconButton icon="plus" color="green" /> button at the top right to add a new lambda.
- Enter the Id `f3b3b547-7754-452d-8729-21b50d111505`.
- Enter the Name `[ATest]` (to put it at the top of the list of lambdas alphabetically).
- Select the Type `JWT Populate`.
- Leave the Engine as `GraalJS`.
- Enable <InlineUIElement>Debug Enabled</InlineUIElement> so that you can see messages in the event log.
- Add the line `jwt.message = 'Hello World!';` to the body of the `populate` function.

The body should now be similar to below.

```js
function populate(jwt, user, registration) {
  jwt.message = 'Hello World!';
  console.info('Hello World!');
}
```

<img src="/img/docs/extend/code/lambdas/populate-lambda.png" alt="Creating a JWT populate lambda" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

Save the lambda.

Now activate the lambda for the example app.

- Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> and click the <IconButton icon="edit" color="blue" /> button on the "Example app".
- Click on the "JWT" tab.
- Toggle <InlineUIElement>Enabled</InlineUIElement> to on.
- Under "Lambda Settings", select the lambda you created, called "[ATest]", for the `Access Token populate lambda`.
- Click the <IconButton icon="save" color="blue" /> button to save the changes.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/code/lambdas/edit-application.png" alt="Enabling the lambda in an application" className="img-fluid" width="1200" />

You can now test that the new lambda writes to the event log and returns extra data in the JWT. The repository you downloaded contains two directories.
- `complete-application` — This is the result of the work you will complete in this guide if you need to refer to the finished files. Do not work in this directory.
- `app` — This contains a basic application to which you will add tests in this guide. Work in this directory.

Open the `routes/index.js` file in the `app` directory.

Locate the redirect route handler (which is the function that starts with `router.get('/oauth-redirect'`) and add a line to write the JWT to the console at login.

```js
router.get('/oauth-redirect', function (req, res, next) {
  console.dir(res); // You should insert this line
```

Save the file and start the test app with the following command.

```js
npm install
npm start
```

Log in to the app at `http://localhost:3000` with user `richard@example.com` and password `password`.

In the FusionAuth admin UI, navigate to <Breadcrumb>System -> Event Log</Breadcrumb> and you will see a log entry of the invocation of your "Hello World" lambda. The entire HTTP response is logged in the test app terminal. The JWT is a long alphanumeric line at the end of the response. It should look something like below.

```
eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCIsImd0eSI6WyJhdXRob3JpemF0aW9uX2NvZGUiXSwia2lkIjoiMWU1NmM0OWU4In0.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.3DOvP8LRAp6pIh0guUjJjYbNwZKzruVWre8Xq8x_S8k
```

Copy this token from your terminal and paste it into the <InlineField>Token</InlineField> text box on the [FusionAuth Online JWT Decoder](/dev-tools/jwt-decoder). You'll see `"message": "Hello World!"` in the <InlineUIElement>Payload</InlineUIElement> box, showing you that your new lambda ran correctly.

## Programmatically Update A Lambda

Let's take a look at how to update your lambda programmatically using the FusionAuth API. Refer to the [APIs](/docs/apis/) documentation for more.

### Understand The Client Libraries

Although you can use the [lambda API](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/) directly by making HTTP requests, it's much easier to use one of the provided [client libraries](/docs/sdks/).

There are two ways to do this using JavaScript:

- The [TypeScript client library](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-typescript-client), documented [here](/docs/sdks/typescript), should be used for any browser or Node.js code you write in JavaScript or TypeScript. It provides a straightforward way of calling the underlying HTTP API.
- The [Node CLI](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-node-cli) is a set of commands you can run in the terminal to perform a few advanced functions. The focus of this CLI is on uploading and downloading of commonly modified assets such as lambdas or themes. The Node CLI is a wrapper on the TypeScript client library and operates at a higher level of abstraction. It is helpful to manage lambdas, but you can always drop down to the TypeScript client library if needed.

### Create An API Key

The API, CLI, and client library all need an API Key to access FusionAuth.

The kickstart configuration file used by FusionAuth already created a sample API Key with superuser privileges. For more information on managing API keys, please refer to the following [guide](/docs/apis/authentication#managing-api-keys).

<Aside type="tip">
  For production, you would want to enable only the following endpoints necessary to perform actions on lambdas, such as updating and deleting, and to mimic user actions to test the lambdas, such as logging in `/api/lambda`, `/api/lambda/search`, `/api/login`, `/api/user` and `/api/user/registration`.
</Aside>

### Use The Lambda CLI

First, install the Node CLI library. Open a terminal in your app folder and use the following commands.

```bash
npm install --save-dev @fusionauth/cli
npx fusionauth --help
```

You should see the FusionAuth logo and a usage help message.

The lambda commands that the CLI provides match operations in the underlying TypeScript client library: `update`, `delete`, and `retrieve`.

Now you can retrieve the "[ATest]" lambda you created earlier. This is a useful way to check that a lambda you've created has been successfully uploaded for your app.

```bash
npx fusionauth lambda:retrieve f3b3b547-7754-452d-8729-21b50d111505 --key lambda_testing_key
```

The lambda will be saved to a file, where the file name is the UUID of your lambda. So it should look like this: `./lambdas/f3b3b547-7754-452d-8729-21b50d111505.json`.

Let's update the lambda to say "Goodbye World!" instead of "Hello World!" and re-upload it. Open the file in a text editor, and change the value of the <InlineField>body</InlineField> property to the following.

```json
    "body": "function populate(jwt, user, registration) {\n  jwt.message = 'Goodbye World!';\n  console.info('Goodbye World!');\n}",
```

Save the file and upload the lambda with the following command.

```bash
npx fusionauth lambda:update f3b3b547-7754-452d-8729-21b50d111505 --key lambda_testing_key
```

You can check that the lambda in FusionAuth now says "Goodbye World!" by viewing the ["[ATest]" lambda details](http://localhost:9011/admin/lambda).

<img src="/img/docs/extend/code/lambdas/updated-lambda.png" alt="Update lambda" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

### CLI Limitations

The Node CLI allows you only to create, retrieve, and update lambdas. You can delete a lambda that is not in use by an application with `lambda:delete`. The way to link or unlink a lambda with an application is through the admin UI, API, or a client library.

For example, to link a lambda with an application in the TypeScript client library, you could use code similar to the following.

```ts
const request: ApplicationRequest = {
  application: {
    lambdaConfiguration: {
      accessTokenPopulateId: "f3b3b547-7754-452d-8729-21b50d111505"
    }
  }
};
await new FusionAuthClient(apiKey, host).patchApplication(applicationId, request);
```

## Testing Overview

Lambdas run arbitrary code at certain points in an authentication flow. For example, you can use lambdas to:

- Get user information from an external provider (like a first name or photo from Facebook) or the User object in FusionAuth to put in a JWT.
- Call an external service at login, for example, to send any suspicious login attempt to a private Slack channel monitored by administrators.

In both these cases, there are two types of tests you can perform:

- **Integration test**: Check if the lambda has uploaded and is running correctly by logging in and seeing if the expected output happens.
- **Unit test:** You don't upload the lambda, but instead create a mock FusionAuth event that calls the lambda in your code and checks that the lambda does what it is supposed to.

Each of these types of lambda tests is outlined below.

### Test Library

There are many JavaScript test libraries available, and everyone has their preference. This guide uses a simple library for demonstration so that you can generalize the tests to your favorite library. The tests below use [`tape`](https://github.com/ljharb/tape), which implements the [Test Anything Protocol (TAP)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_Anything_Protocol), a language-agnostic specification for running tests that's been in use since 1987. The tests also use [fetch-mock](https://www.wheresrhys.co.uk/fetch-mock/) to mock `fetch` calls from your lambda, [`faucet`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/faucet) to give neat output from `tape`, [`jsonwebtoken`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/jsonwebtoken) to decode the JWT, and [`uuid`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/uuid) to make a random user Id.

Install the following packages in your test app terminal.

```bash
npm install --save-dev tape faucet fetch-mock jsonwebtoken uuid
```

<Aside type="note">
  The `fetch()` method is available natively from Node.js LTS version 18. In earlier versions, `fetch` was provided by libraries, so many popular mocking libraries for `fetch` (such as [Nock](https://github.com/nock/nock)) won't work with modern Node.js in 2023.
</Aside>

### Integration Test: Verify JWT Population

The first of the two tests you're going to write is an integration test. It will verify that your updated lambda is populating the JWT with a "Goodbye World" message when you log in programmatically.

#### Create A User

Before you can write any tests, you need a test user profile to log in with. The test app `package.json` includes a reference to the `@fusionauth/typescript-client` discussed earlier, so you can use that to create a test user programmatically.

Make a new file called `userCreator.js` in the app folder and paste the following code into it.

<RemoteCode lang="javascript" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-testing-lambdas/main/complete-application/userCreator.js" />

The code above has two functions:

- The `createRandomUser` function, which creates a User request object with `const request` and then sends it to `fusion.register()`. Details on this can be found in the [TypeScript client library interface](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-typescript-client/blob/main/src/FusionAuthClient.ts).
- The `deleteUser` function, which you can use in the tests to delete the user just created.

Run the code to test user creation with the following command.

```bash
node userCreator.js
```

In FusionAuth, click on "Users" to check that a new user called `lambdatestuser` has been created. You can delete the `createRandomUser(uuidv4());` line in `userCreator.js` as each test will use a new temporary user. This will allow you to add multiple lambda tests while avoiding potential conflicts between test users and permissions.

#### Write The Test

Now you will test that the lambda returns "Goodbye World", which will confirm that the CLI `update` command worked.

Create a file called `userLogin.js` and add the following code.

<RemoteCode lang="javascript" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-testing-lambdas/main/complete-application/userLogin.js" />

This helper file allows your tests to log in to FusionAuth programmatically. The `login` function calls the FusionAuth TypeScript library. It then decodes the JWT response and returns its `message` property.

Now create a test file that will use it, `test_1.js`, and add the following code.

<RemoteCode lang="javascript" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-testing-lambdas/main/complete-application/test_1.js" />

This file starts with a declaration of constant variables that match the `kickstart.json` and `.env` files. The `login` function is called by the `tape` function `test`. This test specifies the name of the test, says that it expects exactly one assertion to occur with `plan`, checks that calling `login` returns the property you expect from the lambda updated earlier, and exits. Even if the test fails, the `finally` clause will delete the temporary user created.

Run it with the following command.

```bash
node test_1.js
```

The output should be as follows.

```bash
TAP version 13
# test login returns JWT with "Goodbye World"
User c82aced2-b25b-4390-a4a2-72562b9bc13b created successfully
ok 1 should be truthy
User c82aced2-b25b-4390-a4a2-72562b9bc13b deleted successfully

1..1
# tests 1
# pass  1

# ok
```

When your code has several tests, and you want a colorful, concise summary, you can use the following instead.

```bash
node test_1.js | npx faucet
```

The output should be as follows.

```bash
✓ test login returns JWT with "Goodbye World"
# tests 1
# pass  1
✓ ok
```

### Unit Test: Call An External Service

The next test you'll write is a unit test that verifies your lambda locally using a fake mock service and not in FusionAuth. The benefit of this test is that you can test your logic works without needing an external service to be reliable at the time of testing. The danger is that your test might pass locally, but the lambda might fail on FusionAuth due to it running on a different JavaScript environment with different restrictions and configuration.

Let's take an example where you check if users have email addresses from a country sanctioned by the United States, such as North Korea or Cuba. You call the external site `https://issanctioned.example.com` with an email address, and you're told whether or not the domain is banned.

Create a file called `test_2.js` and add the following code.

<RemoteCode lang="javascript" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-testing-lambdas/main/complete-application/test_2.js" />

This test function uses `fetchMock` to mock the external service that would be called from the lambda function in FusionAuth. The first test checks if North Korea (`.kp`) is banned and the second if Canada (`.ca`) is allowed. The mocks for the JWT, user, and registration objects are all simple `{}` objects you can pass as parameters to the `populate()` lambda. This is the lambda function that would run on FusionAuth, similar to the "Hello World" function described earlier.

Finally, run the tests.

```bash
node test_2.js  | npx faucet
```

The output should be as follows

```bash
✓ test lambda rejects sanctioned emails and accepts others
# tests 2
# pass  2
✓ ok
```

If all your unit tests for a lambda pass, you can safely upload it to FusionAuth manually or with the CLI for further testing.

If your HTTP Connect fetch request fails when deployed to FusionAuth, please review the [documentation](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/lambda-remote-api-calls). In particular, ensure you are using a license and have purchased the correct plan (Essentials or Enterprise).

### Unit Test: Populate JWT From FusionAuth

In this final unit test, let's look at how to check user information available in FusionAuth to determine custom fields to return to your app. You are also going to download the lambda code to test from FusionAuth programmatically, instead of hardcoding the `populate` function into your test.

There are two objects related to login to consider. The first is the JWT fields that are returned to your app by default.

<JSON title="Complete JWT Response" src="jwt/login-response.json" />

The second object is the user supplied to your `populate()` function in a lambda.

<JSON title="Complete User Object" src="users/login-response.json" />

You can see that the user object has data that the JWT does not, like names, birthdates, and languages, that you might want to add in a lambda. You can also add logic in the lambda to manipulate these fields before returning them to your app.

To demonstrate, let's write a lambda function that returns permissions to your app based on the user's role.

In the FusionAuth admin UI, open the `[ATest]` lambda function you created earlier and overwrite it with the following code.

```js
function populate(jwt, user, registration) {
  jwt.message = 'Goodbye World!';
  jwt.permissions = [];
  if (user.registrations[0].roles.includes("admin")) {
    jwt.permissions.push("all");
  } else if (user.registrations[0].roles.includes("editor")) {
    jwt.permissions.push("read");
    jwt.permissions.push("write");
  } else if (user.registrations[0].roles.includes("viewer")) {
    jwt.permissions.push("read");
  }
}
```

This lambda function `populate` adds a `permissions` array to the JWT returned.

Create a file called `test_3.js` and add the following code.

<RemoteCode lang="javascript" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-testing-lambdas/main/complete-application/test_3.js" />

The test function downloads the lambda from FusionAuth using `getLambda()`, runs `eval` it to make it available in memory, and calls it, passing it a mock `user` object. You need to mock only the fields the lambda needs in this parameter. In this test, you've added a `roles` array inside application `registrations`.

Run the test.

```bash
node test_3.js
```

The output is as follows.

```bash
TAP version 13
# test lambda rejects returns permissions based on role
ok 1 Check admin and viewer has all permissions
ok 2 Check editor has write permission
ok 3 Check editor has read permission

1..3
# tests 3
# pass  3

# ok
```

Note that running code downloaded from a database is a security risk. Any administrator with access to your FusionAuth admin UI can put malicious code into your lambdas that could use Node.js to access your local disk or send passwords over the internet. To keep safe, run your tests only in a Docker or LXC container with no disk access to your physical machine, and no passwords stored in the container.

### How To Run All The Tests

If you want to run your entire test suite, use the following command.

```bash
npx tape test_*.js | npx faucet
```

All tests should be green, as follows.

```bash
✓ test login returns JWT with "Goodbye World"
✓ test lambda rejects sanctioned emails and accepts others
✓ test lambda rejects returns permissions based on role
# tests 6
# pass  6
✓ ok
```

# UserInfo Populate Lambda

import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

If you would like to augment the claims provided in the UserInfo response, you can specify a lambda in the Application's OAuth configuration.

When you create a new lambda using the FusionAuth UI we will provide you an empty function for you to implement.

## Lambda Structure

If you are using the API to create the lambda you will need to ensure your function has the following signature:

```javascript
function populate(userInfo, user, registration, jwt, context) {
  // Lambda code goes here
}
```

This lambda must contain a function named `populate` that accepts the following parameters:

* `userInfo` - the claims object to be returned as a JSON payload. You can modify this object.
* `user` - the FusionAuth User object. This object is read-only.
* `registration` - the FusionAuth UserRegistration object. This object is read-only.
* `jwt` - the claims object from the provided JWT. This object is read-only.
* `context` - <AvailableSince since="1.64.0"/> - an object containing the context of the request, including access to [secrets](/docs/extend/code/lambdas#secrets). This object is read-only.

The two FusionAuth objects are well documented in the [User API](/docs/apis/users) and [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations) documentation. The JWT object is a JavaScript object containing the JWT payload. See [OpenID Connect & OAuth 2.0 Token](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/tokens).

You may add, remove, or modify anything in the `userInfo` object except for certain reserved claims. The following claims are considered reserved and modifications or removal will not be reflected in the final UserInfo response:

- `email`
- `email_verified`
- `phone_number_verified`
- `sub`
- `tid`

## Assigning The Lambda

Once a lambda is created, you must assign it to an Application. See the <Breadcrumb>OAuth</Breadcrumb> tab in the Application configuration.

## Example Lambda

Here is an example of a simple Lambda that adds a few extra claims to the UserInfo response.

```javascript
function populate(userInfo, user, registration, jwt) {
  // Add a new claim named 'favoriteColor' from a custom data attribute on the user
  userInfo.favoriteColor = user.data.favoriteColor;
  // Add a new claim named 'dept' using a custom data attribute on the registration
  userInfo.dept = registration.data.departmentName;
  // Copy a claim named 'applicationId' from the provided JWT
  userInfo.applicationId = jwt.applicationId;

  // Create an event log of type 'Debug' when the lambda has Debug enabled
  console.debug('Added custom claims to the UserInfo response');
}
```

# Custom Password Hashing

import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import RehashingUserPasswords from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_rehashing-user-passwords.mdx';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';

There are times when you have a custom password hash that you want to import into FusionAuth. [FusionAuth supports a number of password hashing schemes](/docs/reference/password-hashes) but you can write a custom plugin if you have hashed your passwords using a different scheme.

You can use your custom password hashing scheme going forward, or you can rehash your passwords. You'd use the former strategy if you wanted to use a strong, unsupported password hashing scheme such as Argon2. You'd use the latter strategy if you are migrating from a system with a weaker hashing algorithm.

<Aside type="note">
This code uses the words 'encryption' and 'encryptor' for backwards compatibility, but what it is really doing is hashing the password. The functionality used to be referred to as `Password Encryptors`.
</Aside>

## Write the Password Encryptor Class

The main plugin interface in FusionAuth is the Password Encryptors interface. This allows you to write a custom password hashing scheme. A custom password hashing scheme is useful when you import users from an existing database into FusionAuth so that the users don't need to reset their passwords to login into your applications.

To write a Password Encryptor, you must first implement the `io.fusionauth.plugin.spi.security.PasswordEncryptor` interface. Here's an example Password Encryptor.

*Password Encryptor*
<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-password-encryptor/main/src/main/java/com/mycompany/fusionauth/plugins/ExamplePBDKF2HMACSHA1PasswordEncryptor.java"
  lang="java" />

## Adding the Guice Bindings

To complete the main plugin code (before we write a unit test), you need to add Guice binding for your new Password Encryptor. Password Encryptors use Guice Multibindings via Map. Here is an example of binding our new Password Encryptor so that FusionAuth can use it for users.

*Guice Module*

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-password-encryptor/main/src/main/java/com/mycompany/fusionauth/plugins/guice/MyExampleFusionAuthPluginModule.java" lang="java" />

You can see that we have bound the Password Encryptor under the name `example-salted-pbkdf2-hmac-sha1-10000`. This is the same name that you will use when creating users via the [User API](/docs/apis/users).

## Writing a Unit Test

You'll probably want to write some tests to ensure that your new Password Encryptor is working properly. Our example uses TestNG, but you can use JUnit or another framework if you prefer. Here's a simple unit test for our Password Encryptor:

<RemoteCode title="Unit Test" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-password-encryptor/main/src/test/java/com/mycompany/fusionauth/plugins/ExamplePBDKF2HMACSHA1PasswordEncryptorTest.java" lang="java" />

To run the tests using the Java Maven build tool, run the following command.

```
mvn test
```

## Integration Test

After you have completed your plugin, the unit test and installed the plugin into a running FusionAuth installation, you can test it by hitting the User API and creating a test user. Here's an example JSON request that uses the new Password Encryptor:

```json
{
  "user": {
    "id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001",
    "active": true,
    "email": "test0@fusionauth.io",
    "encryptionScheme": "example-salted-pbkdf2-hmac-sha1-10000",
    "password": "password",
    "username": "username0",
    "timezone": "Denver",
    "data": {
      "attr1": "value1",
      "attr2": ["value2", "value3"]
    },
    "preferredLanguages": ["en", "fr"],
    "registrations": [
      {
        "applicationId": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000042",
        "data": {
          "attr3": "value3",
          "attr4": ["value4", "value5"]
        },
        "id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000003",
        "preferredLanguages": ["de"],
        "roles": ["role 1"],
        "username": "username0"
      }
    ]
  }
}
```

Notice that we've passed in the `encryptionScheme` property with a value of `example-salted-pbkdf2-hmac-sha1-10000`. This will instruct FusionAuth to use your newly written Password Encryptor.

## Sample Code

[A sample plugin project is available](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-password-encryptor).
If you are looking to write your own custom password hashing algorithm, this project is a good starting point.

There is also a [selection of contributed plugins](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-contrib/tree/main/Password%20Hashing%20Plugins), provided by the community and made available without warranty.
That may also be useful to you, as someone may already have written the hasher you need.

## Rehashing User Passwords

<RehashingUserPasswords />

## Deleting Plugins

You should never delete an installed password hashing plugin unless you are certain that no users are using the hash provided by that plugin. If any users still have that `encryptionScheme` associated with their account, they will see undefined behavior when they try to log in or change their password. This may include runtime exceptions.

The only way to completely and safely delete a custom password hashing plugin is to ensure all user accounts have migrated off of the algorithm defined by the plugin.

However, the hashing scheme is associated with each account and cannot be queried by the [User Search API](/docs/apis/users#search-for-users). You can view it for an individual user by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Users -> Your User -> Manage</Breadcrumb> and choosing the <Breadcrumb>Source</Breadcrumb> tab, but you can't query this value for all users.

If you have a plan which includes support and need to know which users are using a particular password hashing scheme, [open a support ticket](https://account.fusionath.io/account/support) so that the team can assist.

<Aside type="note">
The FusionAuth recommendation is to leave all password hashing plugins in place once installed.
</Aside>

If you are sure you need to remove a password hashing plugin, take the following steps:

* Ensure that no users are using the `encryptionScheme` associated with this plugin assisted by the FusionAuth support team as mentioned above.
* Ensure that no tenants are using the `encryptionScheme` associated with this plugin. This can be verified by querying all the tenants and looking at the `tenant.passwordEncryptionConfiguration.encryptionScheme` value.
* Delete the plugin from the filesystem.
* Restart the FusionAuth application on all nodes.

# Plugins

import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';

FusionAuth provides a plugin mechanism that loads plugins at startup rather than at runtime. This provides much better performance than a runtime plugin system. 

<Aside type="note">
You must restart FusionAuth anytime a plugin is installed.
</Aside>

There are two steps to adding a plugin to FusionAuth:

1. Write the plugin by implementing the correct plugin interface
2. Install the plugin into your FusionAuth installation

Currently the only extension points offered by plugins are custom password hashing schemes. 

Learn more about:

* [Writing a Plugin](writing-a-plugin)
* [Custom Password Hashing](custom-password-hashing)

# Writing a Plugin

import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import TroubleshootingPlugin from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/password-hashes/_troubleshooting-plugin.mdx';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

## Prerequisites

If you haven't already, you need to download the Java 8 JDK. This contains all of the tools you need to compile Java projects and create JAR files. You can download the Java 8 JDK from [Oracle](https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/javase-downloads.html).

### Get the Example Code

To begin, clone the following GitHub repository. This example code will assume you are able to use the Maven build commands.

```shell
git clone git@github.com:FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-password-encryptor.git
cd fusionauth-example-password-encryptor
mvn compile package
```

If the above commands were successful you have now downloaded the example code and performed and initial build of the jar. If last command was not found, you do not yet have Maven build tool installed. You may utilize whatever Java build system you prefer, such as Maven, Ant, Gradle or Savant. This example will use the Maven build system.

The following is a representation of the plugin project layout.

```plaintext title="Plugin Project Layout"
fusionauth-example-password-encryptor
  |
  |- src
  |   |- main
  |   |   |- java
  |   |
  |   |- test
  |       |- java
  |
  |- pom.xml
```

Following the Java convention of using packages for all classes, you will want to create sub-directories under src/main/java and src/test/java that identify the package for your plugin. For example, you might create a directory under each called `com/mycompany/fusionauth/plugins` that will contain your plugin code.

In the example code you are beginning from, you will find the Plugin `MyExamplePasswordEncryptor` in the package `com/mycompany/fusionauth/plugins`.

Your project is now ready for you to start coding.

## Edit Your Build File

To modify the name of your plugin, edit your build file.  Below is a small portion of the build file, you may change whatever you like, but to start with you will want to change the `groupId` and the `artifactId`. These values are used to name the jar that will be built later.


```xml title="pom.xml"
  <groupId>io.fusionauth</groupId>
  <artifactId>fusionauth-example-password-encryptor</artifactId>
  <version>0.1.0</version>
```

## Code the Plugin

This is where you get to code! Ideally you would have one or two known passwords in the data you will be importing to FusionAuth so that you can test your plugin prior to installing it in FusionAuth.

Begin by modifying the `MyExamplePasswordEncryptor` class found in `src/main/java`.

You will find a test ready for you to use called `MyExamplePasswordEncryptorTest` in the package `com/mycompany/fusionauth/plugins` in the `src/test/java` directory. Use this test to assert on one or two known plain text passwords to ensure that the hash you calculate is equal to the actual hash that you will be importing from your existing system.

You can run the test like so: `mvn test`.

You will also find a few other example plugins that are written and tested that you can review to get an idea of how they work. You may delete any of the example code you do not want in your final jar.

### Matching Salt and Encryption

The only two required methods for you to implement are `defaultFactor()`, and `encrypt(String password, String salt, int factor)`.  There are two additional methods that are optional: `generateSalt()` and `validateSalt(String salt)`.

If you do not implement these methods in your plugin, the default implementations below will be used:

*`PasswordEncryptor` interface with default `generateSalt` and `validateSalt` methods*
<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-plugin-api/main/src/main/java/io/fusionauth/plugin/spi/security/PasswordEncryptor.java" lang="java" />

If your plugin requires a specific salt length differing from the default implementation, implement these methods in your plugin to generate a salt that meets your requirements.

In other words, the salt generated by your plugin should be consumable by the custom `encrypt` method.

### Using Dependencies

Oftentimes you'll have dependencies for your plugin code.
This is especially true if you are leveraging other cryptographic libraries to ensure password hashes are created correctly.

If you are using FusionAuth `1.36.0` or later and have dependencies, you can place dependencies along with your password plugin into a single directory and that will be loaded in a separate class loader. Please note, that while your plugin will be loaded into a new class loader, it will still share the classpath with FusionAuth. For this reason, you should still be cautious when including dependencies. If at all possible reduce dependencies to a minimum.

If you are using FusionAuth version `1.35.0` or before, and have dependencies, make sure you use the `maven-shade-plugin` plugin to shade your dependencies, or a similar plugin to combine the jar files. Using this strategy, your plugin must be deployed as an uberjar.

## Create the Guice binding

FusionAuth uses Guice for dependency injection and also to setup plugins. No matter what type of plugin you are writing, you need to add a single Guice module to your project.

<Aside type="caution">
In order for FusionAuth to locate your plugin, the package you put your plugin module into must include a parent package named either plugin or plugins. For example, a plugin class cannot be named `com.mycompany.fusionauth.MyExampleFusionAuthPluginModule`. Instead, it must be named `com.mycompany.fusionauth.plugins.MyExampleFusionAuthPluginModule`.
</Aside>

Edit the example Guice module in the `src/main/java` directory: `com/mycompany/fusionauth/plugins/guice/MyExampleFusionAuthPluginModule.java`.

Here is an example of what you will find in the example Guice module referenced above.

<RemoteCode title="Guice Module" lang="java" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-password-encryptor/main/src/main/java/com/mycompany/fusionauth/plugins/guice/MyExampleFusionAuthPluginModule.java" />

Notice that this plugin is annotated with the class `io.fusionauth.plugin.spi.PluginModule`. This is how FusionAuth locates the Guice module and installs your plugin.

## Building

This will assume you using the Maven build tool. You are welcome to utilize any Java build tool that you wish.

```shell
mvn clean compile package
ls -lah ./target/*.jar
-rw-r--r--  1 robotdan  staff   4.5K Apr 24 08:06 ./target/fusionauth-example-password-encryptor-0.1.0.jar
```

The above command will compile and build a jar artifact that we will install onto FusionAuth. The jar found in the `target` directory is your plugin.

## Install the Plugin

After you have completed your plugin code and all of your unit tests pass, you are ready to install the plugin into FusionAuth.
You will utilize the jar build output file from the previous step.

Next, you need to create the plugin directory in your FusionAuth installation. Depending on where you installed FusionAuth, you will create the plugin directory in the `FUSIONAUTH_HOME` directory. This directory is the directory right above the `FUSIONAUTH_HOME` directory. Here are some examples for the plugin directory:

```plaintext title="Linux and macOS"
/usr/local/fusionauth/plugins
```

```plaintext title="Windows"
\fusionauth\plugins
```

The location of this directory might be different if you install using the ZIP bundles and placed FusionAuth somewhere else.

Next, you copy this JAR file from your plugin project into the plugin directory like this:

```shell title="Linux/Mac/Unix"
cp target/fusionauth-example-password-encryptor-0.1.0.jar /usr/local/fusionauth/plugins
```

```plaintext title="Windows"
cp target\fusionauth-example-password-encryptor-0.1.0.jar \fusionauth\plugins
```

Now you can restart FusionAuth to load your plugin.

If you plugin is found and loaded successfully, you should see a message like this in the logs:

```
INFO  io.fusionauth.api.plugin.guice.PluginModule - Installing plugin [com.mycompany.fusionauth.plugins.guice.MyExampleFusionAuthPluginModule]
INFO  io.fusionauth.api.plugin.guice.PluginModule - Plugin successfully installed
```

At this point, you should be able to log in to the administrative user interface, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Your Tenant -> Password</Breadcrumb> and scroll to the <InlineUIElement>Cryptographic hash settings</InlineUIElement> section. Your new hashing scheme will appear in the <InlineField>Scheme</InlineField> field. This is another way to verify the plugin is installed in FusionAuth.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/code/password-hashes/hash-settings-new-plugin.png" alt="Tenant settings with a new plugin installed." width="1200" />

Do not set the <InlineField>Scheme</InlineField> field to that new plugin value unless you want all users in that tenant to use that hash.

### Installing On FusionAuth Cloud

The above instructions document how to install a plugin on a self-hosted FusionAuth system, where you have access to the file system and/or container image where FusionAuth is running. 

[FusionAuth Cloud](/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/cloud) does not allow such access, among [other limits](/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/cloud#limits).

If you have a FusionAuth Cloud deployment and want to install a custom plugin, please [open a support ticket](https://account.fusionauth.io/account/support). Make sure you include the jar file as an attachment.

The FusionAuth support team will then coordinate with you to install the plugin and restart FusionAuth.

## Multiple Plugins

You are allowed to have as many plugins as you want. This may occur if you are consolidating multiple systems into FusionAuth, each with their own password hashing algorithm.

When you do so, ensure you have unique values for the classname, the test name and the binding name.
They may remain in the same package and maven artifact or jar file.

<Aside type="caution">
If you do not ensure that each hashing class has a unique name and binding value, system behavior is undetermined.
</Aside>

For example, to have two plugins based on the above example plugin project, copy the following files:

* `MyExamplePasswordEncryptor.java` to `MyOtherExamplePasswordEncryptor.java`
* `MyExamplePasswordEncryptorTest.java` to `MyOtherExamplePasswordEncryptorTest.java`

Then modify the `MyOtherExamplePasswordEncryptor` files to implement and test the new hash.

Finally, add the following to the `MyExampleFusionAuthPluginModule.java` file:

```java
passwordEncryptorMapBinder.addBinding("custom-other-hash").to(MyOtherExamplePasswordEncryptor.class);
```

Please note, when selecting the string value that will be used as your `encryptionScheme`, please do prefix it with `custom-` or your company such as `acme-` to avoid the possibility of a name collision if FusionAuth were to add additional hashing schemes in the base product.

You can then build and install the plugin in the same fashion as you would with one plugin.

### Multiple Plugin Projects

You may also have multiple plugin projects. This may make sense if you want more logical separation between the plugin code.

In that case, ensure that the guice module class, the package name and the `artifactId` values are distinct.

If you have two projects, you'll have to build and deploy each of the artifacts to the correct location in FusionAuth.

## Troubleshooting

<TroubleshootingPlugin />

# Audit Log Create

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'audit.log.create';

<Event name="Audit Log Create" 
       eventType={eventType}
       version="1.30.0" 
       description="This event is generated when an audit log is created." 
       scope="instance" 
       transactional="false" />

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           jsonFile="audit-log-create.json">
  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The <ReferenceLink file="data-types#instants" label="instant" /> that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.auditLog" type="Object">
    The audit log for this event. See the [Audit Logs API](/docs/apis/audit-logs) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Event Log Create

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'event.log.create';

<Event name="Event Log Create"
       eventType={eventType}
       version="1.30.0"
       description="This event is generated when an event log is created."
       scope="instance"
       transactional="false" />

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           jsonFile="event-log-create.json">
            
  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The <ReferenceLink file="data-types#instants" label="instant" /> that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.eventLog" type="Object">
    The event log for this event. See the [Event Logs API](/docs/apis/event-logs) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Create

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'group.create';

<Event name="Group Create"
       eventType={eventType}
       version="1.38.0"
       description="This event is generated when a single group is created. The JSON includes the Group that was created."
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="true" />

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           jsonFile="group-create.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The <ReferenceLink file="data-types#instants" label="instant" /> that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.group" type="Object">
    The group that has been created. See the [Groups API](/docs/apis/groups) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>
    
  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Create Complete

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'group.create.complete';

<Event name="Group Create Complete"
       eventType={eventType}
       version="1.38.0"
       description="This event is generated when a single group is created. The JSON includes the Group that was created."
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="false" />

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           jsonFile="group-create-complete.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The <ReferenceLink file="data-types#instants" label="instant" /> that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.group" type="Object">
    The group that has been created. See the [Groups API](/docs/apis/groups) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Delete

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'group.delete';

<Event name="Group Delete"
       eventType={eventType}
       version="1.38.0"
       description="This event is generated when a group is deleted. The JSON includes the Group that was deleted."
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="true" />

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           jsonFile="group-delete.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The <ReferenceLink file="data-types#instants" label="instant" /> that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.group" type="Object">
    The group that has been deleted. See the [Groups API](/docs/apis/groups) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>
    
  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Delete Complete

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'group.delete.create';

<Event name="Group Delete Complete"
       eventType={eventType}
       version="1.38.0"
       description="This event is generated when a group is deleted. The JSON includes the Group that was deleted."
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="false" />

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           jsonFile="group-delete-complete.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The <ReferenceLink file="data-types#instants" label="instant" /> that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.group" type="Object">
    The group that has been deleted. See the [Groups API](/docs/apis/groups) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>
    
  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Member Add

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'group.member.add';

<Event name="Group Member Add"
       eventType={eventType}
       version="1.38.0"
       description="This event is generated when one or more users are added to a group. The JSON includes the Group and an array of added members."
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="true" />

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           jsonFile="group-member-add.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The <ReferenceLink file="data-types#instants" label="instant" /> that the event was generated.
  </APIField>
  
  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.group" type="Object">
    The group to which members were added. See the [Groups API](/docs/apis/groups) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>
    
  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.members" type="Array">
    An array of added group members.
  </APIField>
  
  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.members[x].data" type="Object">
    An object that can hold any information about the group member.
  </APIField>
  
  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.members[x].id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of this group member. This is not the user Id.
  </APIField>
  
  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.members[x].insertInstant" type="Long">
    The <ReferenceLink file="data-types#instants" label="instant" /> that this membership was created.
  </APIField>
  
  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.members[x].userId" type="UUID">
    The user Id of the member.
  </APIField>
  
  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>
    
  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Member Add Complete

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'group.member.add.complete';

<Event name="Group Member Add Complete"
       eventType={eventType}
       version="1.38.0"
       description="This event is generated when one or more users are added to a group. The JSON includes the Group and an array of added members."
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="false" />

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           jsonFile="group-member-add-complete.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The <ReferenceLink file="data-types#instants" label="instant" /> that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.group" type="Object">
    The group to which members were added. See the [Groups API](/docs/apis/groups) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.members" type="Array">
    An array of added group members.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.members[x].data" type="Object">
    An object that can hold any information about the group member.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.members[x].id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of this group member. This is not the user Id.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.members[x].insertInstant" type="Long">
    The <ReferenceLink file="data-types#instants" label="instant" /> that this membership was created.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.members[x].userId" type="UUID">
    The user Id of the member.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>
    
  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Member Remove

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'group.member.remove';

<Event name="Group Member Remove"
       eventType={eventType}
       version="1.38.0"
       description="This event is generated when one or more users are removed from a group. The JSON includes the Group and an array of removed members.  This event is not generated when all users are removed from a group."
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="true" />

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           jsonFile="group-member-remove.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The <ReferenceLink file="data-types#instants" label="instant" /> that the event was generated.
  </APIField>
  
  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.group" type="Object">
    The group from which members were removed. See the [Groups API](/docs/apis/groups) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>
    
  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.members" type="Array">
    An array of removed group members.
  </APIField>
  
  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.members[x].data" type="Object">
    An object that can hold any information about the group member.
  </APIField>
  
  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.members[x].id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of this group member. This is not the user Id.
  </APIField>
  
  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.members[x].insertInstant" type="Long">
    The <ReferenceLink file="data-types#instants" label="instant" /> that this membership was created.
  </APIField>
  
  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.members[x].userId" type="UUID">
    The user Id of the member.
  </APIField>
  
  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>
    
  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Member Remove Complete

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'group.member.remove.complete';

<Event name="Group Member Remove Complete"
       eventType={eventType}
       version="1.38.0"
       description="This event is generated when one or more users are removed from a group. The JSON includes the Group and an array of removed members. This event is not generated when all users are removed from a group."
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="false" />

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           jsonFile="group-member-remove-complete.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The <ReferenceLink file="data-types#instants" label="instant" /> that the event was generated.
  </APIField>
  
  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.group" type="Object">
    The group from which members were removed. See the [Groups API](/docs/apis/groups) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>
    
  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.members" type="Array">
    An array of removed group members.
  </APIField>
  
  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.members[x].data" type="Object">
    An object that can hold any information about the group member.
  </APIField>
  
  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.members[x].id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of this group member. This is not the user Id.
  </APIField>
  
  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.members[x].insertInstant" type="Long">
    The <ReferenceLink file="data-types#instants" label="instant" /> that this membership was created.
  </APIField>
  
  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.members[x].userId" type="UUID">
    The user Id of the member.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>
    
  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Member Update

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'group.member.update';

<Event name="Group Member Update"
       eventType={eventType}
       version="1.38.0"
       description="This event is generated when updating members in group. The JSON includes the Group and an array of current members. This event is also generated when all users are removed from a group."
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="true" />

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           jsonFile="group-member-update.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The <ReferenceLink file="data-types#instants" label="instant" /> that the event was generated.
  </APIField>
  
  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.group" type="Object">
    The group in which members were updated. See the [Groups API](/docs/apis/groups) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>
    
  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.members" type="Array">
    An array of updated group members.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.members[x].data" type="Object">
    An object that can hold any information about the group member.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.members[x].id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of this group member. This is not the user Id.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.members[x].insertInstant" type="Long">
    The <ReferenceLink file="data-types#instants" label="instant" /> that this membership was created.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.members[x].userId" type="UUID">
    The user Id of the member.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>
    
  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Member Update Complete

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'group.member.update.complete';

<Event name="Group Member Update Complete"
       eventType={eventType}
       version="1.38.0"
       description="This event is generated when updating members in group. The JSON includes the Group and an array of current members."
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="false" />

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           jsonFile="group-member-update-complete.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The <ReferenceLink file="data-types#instants" label="instant" /> that the event was generated.
  </APIField>
  
  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.group" type="Object">
    The group in which members were updated. See the [Groups API](/docs/apis/groups) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>
    
  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.members" type="Array">
    An array of updated group members.
  </APIField>
  
  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.members[x].data" type="Object">
    An object that can hold any information about the group member.
  </APIField>
  
  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.members[x].id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of this group member. This is not the user Id.
  </APIField>
  
  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.members[x].insertInstant" type="Long">
    The <ReferenceLink file="data-types#instants" label="instant" /> that this membership was created.
  </APIField>
  
  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.members[x].userId" type="UUID">
    The user Id of the member.
  </APIField>
  
  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>
    
  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Update

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'group.update';

<Event name="Group Update"
       eventType={eventType}
       version="1.38.0"
       description="This event is generated when a group is updated. The JSON includes the Group that was updated."
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="true" />

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           jsonFile="group-update.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The <ReferenceLink file="data-types#instants" label="instant" /> that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.group" type="Object">
    The group that has been updated. See the [Groups API](/docs/apis/groups) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.original" type="Object">
    The original group, before update. See the [Groups API](/docs/apis/groups) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>
    
  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Update Complete

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'group.update.complete';

<Event name="Group Update Complete"
       eventType={eventType}
       version="1.38.0"
       description="This event is generated when a group is updated. The JSON includes the Group that was updated."
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="false" />

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           jsonFile="group-update-complete.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The <ReferenceLink file="data-types#instants" label="instant" /> that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.group" type="Object">
    The group that has been updated. See the [Groups API](/docs/apis/groups) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.original" type="Object">
    The original group, before update. See the [Groups API](/docs/apis/groups) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>
    
  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Events

import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import EnterprisePlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_enterprise-plan-blurb.astro';
import ListAdvancedThreatDetectionWebhooks from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_list-advanced-threat-detection-webhooks.mdx';
import ApplicationWebhooksWarning from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/_application-webhooks-warning.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';

These are the events that FusionAuth generates that can be optionally consumed by your registered Webhook.

* [Audit Log Create](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/audit-log-create) - when an audit log is created
* [Event Log Create](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/event-log-create) - when an event log is created
* [JWT Public Key Update](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/jwt/jwt-public-key-update) - when a JWT signing Public / Private keypair used for signing may have been updated
* [JWT Refresh](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/jwt/jwt-refresh) - when an access token is refreshed using a refresh token
* [JWT Refresh Token Revoke](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/jwt/jwt-refresh-token-revoke) - when a refresh token (or multiple tokens) are revoked
* [Kickstart Success](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/kickstart-success) - when kickstart has successfully completed
* [Group Create](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/group/group-create) - when a group is created
* [Group Create Complete](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/group/group-create-complete) - when a group is created transaction has completed
* [Group Delete](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/group/group-delete) - when a group is deleted
* [Group Delete Complete](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/group/group-delete-complete) - when a group delete transaction has completed
* [Group Update](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/group/group-update) - when a group is updated
* [Group Update Complete](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/group/group-update-complete) - when a group update transaction has completed
* [Group Member Add](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/group/group-member-add) - when a user is added to a group
* [Group Member Add Complete](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/group/group-member-add-complete) - when a user add transaction has completed
* [Group Member Remove](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/group/group-member-remove) - when a user is removed from a group
* [Group Member Remove Complete](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/group/group-member-remove-complete) - when a user remove transaction has completed
* [Group Member Update](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/group/group-member-update) - when a group membership is updated
* [Group Member Update Complete](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/group/group-member-update-complete) - when a group membership update transaction has completed
* [User Actions](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/user-actions) - when a moderator takes an action on a user
* [User Bulk Create](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/user-bulk-create) - when multiple users are created as the result of the Import API
* [User Create](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/user-create) - when a user is created
* [User Create Complete](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/user-create-complete) - when a user create transaction has completed
* [User Deactivate](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/user-deactivate) - when a user is deactivated
* [User Delete](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/user-delete) - when a user is deleted
* [User Delete Complete](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/user-delete-complete) - when a user delete transaction has completed
* [User Email Update](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/user-email-update) - when a user updates their email address
* [User Email Verified](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/user-email-verified) - when a user verifies their email address
* [User Identity Provider Link](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/user-identity-provider-link) - when a link with an Identity Provider is created
* [User Identity Provider Unlink](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/user-identity-provider-unlink) - when a link with an Identity Provider is removed
* [User Identity Verified](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/user-identity-verified) - when a user identity is verified
* [User Login Failed](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/login/user-login-failed) - when a user fails to complete login
* [User Login Success](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/login/user-login-success) - when a user successfully completes login
* [User Reactivate](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/user-reactivate) - when a user is reactivated
* [User Registration Create](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/registration/user-registration-create) - when a new user registration is created
* [User Registration Create Complete](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/registration/user-registration-create-complete) - when a new user registration create transaction has completed
* [User Registration Delete](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/registration/user-registration-delete) - when a user registration is deleted
* [User Registration Delete Complete](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/registration/user-registration-delete-complete) - when a user registration delete transaction has completed
* [User Registration Update](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/registration/user-registration-update) - when a user registration is updated
* [User Registration Update Complete](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/registration/user-registration-update-complete) - when a user registration update transaction has completed
* [User Registration Verified](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/registration/user-registration-verified) - when a user completes registration verification
* [User Update](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/user-update) - when a user is updated
* [User Update Complete](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/user-update-complete) - when a user update transaction has completed

### Breached Password Events

These are the Breached Password licensed events that may FusionAuth generates that can be optionally consumed by your registered Webhook.

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

* [User Password Breach](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/password/user-password-breach) - when Reactor detects a user is using a potentially breached password

### Threat Detection Events

These are the Threat Detection licensed events that may FusionAuth generates that can be optionally consumed by your registered Webhook.

<EnterprisePlanBlurb />

<ListAdvancedThreatDetectionWebhooks />

### Tenant Scoped Events

Tenant scoped events are generated for all applications in a tenant or for none of them.

All user events are tenant scoped because a user is a tenant scoped entity. For example, the `user.delete`, `user.create`, `user.update`, and `user.deactivate` events are all tenant scoped.

A tenant scoped event can, however contain an `applicationId` which can be used to filter events when received. One example is `user.registration.create`.

### Application Scoped Events

<ApplicationWebhooksWarning />

### Transaction Compatibility

Events can be either transactional or non-transactional. The final state of the operation which caused a transaction event is not persisted to FusionAuth until after the configured webhook finishes. Non-transactional events do not require any webhooks to succeed.

To learn more about writing webhooks, see [Writing a Webhook](../writing-a-webhook#calling-fusionauth-apis-in-webhooks).

For more information on event transaction configurations, see <InlineField>transaction setting</InlineField> under [Tenant Settings](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks#tenant-settings).

# JWT

import PageNavCard from '/src/components/PageNavCard.astro';

This section contains information about JWT events in FusionAuth.

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/jwt/jwt-public-key-update" title="JWT Public Key Update"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/jwt/jwt-refresh-token-revoke" title="JWT Refresh Token Revoke"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/jwt/jwt-refresh" title="JWT Refresh"/>
</div>

# Public Key Update

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'jwt.public-key.update';

<Event name="JWT Public Key Update"
       eventType={eventType}
       description="This event is generated when a group is updated. The JSON includes the Group that was updated."
       scope="application"
       transactional="true" />

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           sinceThreatDetection="1.30.0"
           sinceIpAddress="1.27.0"
           jsonFile="jwt-public-key-update.json">
  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.applicationIds" type="Array<UUID>">
    A list of Application Ids that may have been affected by a configuration change in which affect the public key used to sign JWTs.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The <ReferenceLink file="data-types#instants" label="instant" /> that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID" since="1.8.0">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Refresh

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'jwt.refresh';

<Event name="JWT Refresh"
       eventType={eventType}
       version="1.16.0"
       scope="application"
       transactional="true" />

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           sinceThreatDetection="1.30.0"
           sinceIpAddress="1.27.0"
           jsonFile="jwt-refresh.json">
  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.applicationId" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the Application for which the token provides access.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The <ReferenceLink file="data-types#instants" label="instant" /> that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.original" type="String">
    The original encoded access token which was provided on the JWT refresh request.  This field will be omitted if the <InlineField>token</InlineField> parameter was not provided on the initiating request.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.refreshToken" type="String">
    The refresh token which was provided on the JWT refresh request, used in refreshing the JWT.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.token" type="String">
    The new encoded access token.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID" since="1.8.0">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.userId" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the User for which the access token was granted.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Refresh Token Revoke

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'jwt.refresh-token.revoke';

<Event name="JWT Refresh Token Revoke"
       eventType={eventType}
       description="This event is generated when a group is updated. The JSON includes the Group that was updated."
       scope="application"
       transactional="true">

  <p slot="description">
    This event is generated when a refresh token is revoked. The JSON includes either the User Id and User or the Application Id depending on what was revoked. It will also include the time to live duration (in seconds) for each Application. This value is used to determine if JWTs are valid or not based on their expiration instants.
  </p>

  <p slot="description">
    The following scenarios will cause this event to be generated:
  </p>

  <ul slot="description">
    <li>A single Refresh Token is revoked</li>
    <li>All Refresh Tokens owned by a single User are revoked (if there is at least one valid Refresh Token for this User)</li>
    <li>All Refresh Tokens owned by a single User for an Application are revoked</li>
    <li>All Refresh Tokens for an Application are revoked</li>
  </ul>

</Event>

<h3>Revoking Single Refresh Token</h3>

<p>This example JSON would reflect a scenario where a single refresh token is revoked for a single user for a single application.</p>

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           sinceThreatDetection="1.30.0"
           sinceIpAddress="1.27.0"
           jsonFile="jwt-refresh-token-revoke-user.json">
           includeTenantId="false">
  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.applicationId" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the Application for which the refresh token have been revoked.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.applicationTimeToLiveInSeconds" type="Map<UUID, Integer>">
    <p>
      A map of Application Id to the configured time to live (TTL) for the access token (JWT). This can be used to identify the maximum amount of time after this event occurred where an un-expired access token may be held by a user.
    </p>

    <p>
      If you take the <InlineField>createInstant</InlineField> of this event and add the number of seconds for a specific application TTL you come up with an instant in time where you should consider all access tokens issued before this time invalid. This is because the access token will have been issued on or before the instant the refresh token was revoked.
    </p>

    <p>
      This map will contain a single entry for the application represented by the <InlineField>applicationId</InlineField> field.
    </p>
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The <ReferenceLink file="data-types#instants" label="instant" /> that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.refreshToken" type="Object" since="1.37.0">
The refresh token being revoked. This is only returned when a single refresh token is revoked.  See the [JWT API](/docs/apis/jwt#retrieve-refresh-tokens) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID" since="1.8.0">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.userId" type="UUID">
The unique Id of the User for which a refresh token has been revoked.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="Object" since="1.8.0">
The user for which a refresh token has been revoked. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

<h3>All User Refresh Tokens Revoked</h3>
<p>
  This example JSON would reflect a scenario where all refresh tokens owned by a single user are revoked.
</p>

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           sinceThreatDetection="1.30.0"
           sinceIpAddress="1.27.0"
           jsonFile="jwt-refresh-token-revoke-all-user.json">
           includeTenantId="false">
  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.applicationTimeToLiveInSeconds" type="Map<UUID, Integer>">
    <p>
      A map of Application Id to the configured time to live (TTL) for the access token (JWT). This can be used to identify the maximum amount of time after this event occurred where an un-expired access token may be held by a user.
    </p>

    <p>
      If you take the <InlineField>createInstant</InlineField> of this event and add the number of seconds for a specific application TTL you come up with an instant in time where you should consider all access tokens issued before this time invalid. This is because the access token will have been issued on or before the instant the refresh token was revoked.
    </p>

    <p>
      This map will contain a single entry for the application represented by the <InlineField>applicationId</InlineField> field.
    </p>
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The <ReferenceLink file="data-types#instants" label="instant" /> that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID" since="1.8.0">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.userId" type="UUID">
The unique Id of the User for which a refresh token has been revoked.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="Object" since="1.8.0">
The user for which a refresh token has been revoked. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

<h3>All Applications Refresh Tokens Revoked</h3>

<p>
  This example JSON would reflect a scenario where all refresh tokens issued for a specific application are revoked.
</p>

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           sinceThreatDetection="1.30.0"
           sinceIpAddress="1.27.0"
           jsonFile="jwt-refresh-token-revoke-application.json">
           includeTenantId="false">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.applicationId" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the Application for which all of the refresh tokens have been revoked.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.applicationTimeToLiveInSeconds" type="Map<UUID, Integer>">
    <p>
      A map of Application Id to the configured time to live (TTL) for the access token (JWT). This can be used to identify the maximum amount of time after this event occurred where an un-expired access token may be held by a user.
    </p>

    <p>
      If you take the <InlineField>createInstant</InlineField> of this event and add the number of seconds for a specific application TTL you come up with an instant in time where you should consider all access tokens issued before this time invalid. This is because the access token will have been issued on or before the instant the refresh token was revoked.
    </p>

    <p>
      This map will contain a single entry for the application represented by the <InlineField>applicationId</InlineField> field.
    </p>
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The <ReferenceLink file="data-types#instants" label="instant" /> that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID" since="1.8.0">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Kickstart Success

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'kickstart.success';

<Event name="Kickstart Success"
       eventType={eventType}
       description="This event is generated when kickstart has successfully completed."
       scope="instance"
       version="1.30.0"
       transactional="false" />

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           jsonFile="kickstart-success.json"
           skipStandardFields="true">
 
  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.instanceId" type="UUID">
    The FusionAuth instance Id.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Failed

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import AuthenticationTypeValues from 'src/content/docs/_shared/authentication-type-values.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'user.login.failed';

<Event description="This event is generated when a user login request fails due to invalid credentials. It is not generated when a login attempt is made and the user doesn't exist."
       eventType={eventType}
       name="User Login Failed"
       scope="application"
       transactional="true"
       version="1.6.0"/>

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           sinceThreatDetection="1.30.0"
           sinceIpAddress="1.27.0"
           jsonFile="user-login-failed.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.applicationId" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the Application for which the user has requested login. If the login request omits the <InlineField>applicationId</InlineField> or the user is not registered for the requested <InlineField>applicationId</InlineField> this value will not be returned in the event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.authenticationType" type="String">
    The type of authentication used in the login request. The possible values are:

    <AuthenticationTypeValues showSince="1.6.0" />
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.ipAddress" type="String" deprecated>
    The ip address provided in the login request.

    Moved to <InlineField>event.info</InlineField> in 1.30.0
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.reason" type="Object" since="1.53.0">
    An object containing data on the reason the login failed.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.reason.code" type="String" since="1.53.0">
    The cause of the event. The possible values are:

    * `credentials` 
    * `lambdaValidation`
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.reason.lambdaId" type="UUID" since="1.53.0">
    This is the unique Id of the lambda that caused the login to fail.

    This field is only present if <InlineField>reason.code</InlineField> is `lambdaValidation`.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.reason.lambdaResult" type="Errors" since="1.53.0">
    The [Errors](/docs/apis/errors) object returned by the lambda function which caused the login to fail.

    This field is only present if <InlineField>reason.code</InlineField> is `lambdaValidation`.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID" since="1.8.0">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.{/* eslint-disable-line */}
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="Object">
    The user that failed the login request. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Id Duplicate Create

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'user.loginId.duplicate.create';

<Event description="This event is generated when a request to create a user with a login Id (email or username) which is already in use has been received."
       plan="enterprise"
       eventType={eventType}
       name="User Login Id Duplicate Create"
       scope="application"
       transactional="false"
       version="1.30.0"/>

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           sinceThreatDetection="1.30.0"
           sinceIpAddress="1.27.0"
           jsonFile="user-login-id-duplicate-create.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.duplicateEmail" type="String">
    The email address that is already in-use.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.duplicateIdentities" type="Array<Object>" since="1.59.0">
    List of identities that are already in-use. Identity objects contain a <InlineField>type</InlineField> and a <InlineField>value</InlineField> property. The <InlineField>type</InlineField> is the type of identity (e.g., email, phoneNumber, username) and the <InlineField>value</InlineField> is the actual value of that identity.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.duplicatePhoneNumber" type="String" since="1.59.0">
    The phone number that is already in-use.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.duplicateUsername" type="String">
    The username that is already in-use.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.existing" type="Object">
    The existing user that is using the requested email address or username. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <InlineField>{eventType}</InlineField>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="Object">
    The user that on the create request that attempted to use a duplicate login Id. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Id Duplicate Update

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'user.loginId.duplicate.update';

<Event description="This event is generated when a request to update a user with a login Id (email or username) which is already in use has been received."
       plan="enterprise"
       eventType={eventType}
       name="User Login Id Duplicate Update"
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="false"
       version="1.30.0"/>

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           sinceThreatDetection="1.30.0"
           sinceIpAddress="1.27.0"
           jsonFile="user-login-id-duplicate-update.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.duplicateEmail" type="String">
    The email address that is already in-use.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.duplicateIdentities" type="Array<Object>" since="1.59.0">
    List of identities that are already in-use. Identity objects contain a <InlineField>type</InlineField> and a <InlineField>value</InlineField> property. The <InlineField>type</InlineField> is the type of identity (e.g., email, phoneNumber, username) and the <InlineField>value</InlineField> is the actual value of that identity.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.duplicatePhoneNumber" type="String" since="1.59.0">
    The phone number that is already in-use.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.duplicateUsername" type="String">
    The username that is already in-use.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.existing" type="Object">
    The existing user that is using the requested email address or username. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <InlineField>{eventType}</InlineField>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="Object">
    The user on the update request that attempted to use a duplicate login Id. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# New Device

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import AuthenticationTypeValues from 'src/content/docs/_shared/authentication-type-values.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'user.login.new-device';

<Event description="This event is generated when a user logs in with a new or un-recognized device."
       plan="enterprise"
       eventType={eventType}
       name="User Login New Device"
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="true"
       version="1.30.0"/>

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           sinceThreatDetection="1.30.0"
           sinceIpAddress="1.27.0"
           jsonFile="user-login-new-device.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.applicationId" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the Application for which the user has requested login. If the login request omits the <InlineField>applicationId</InlineField> or the user is not registered for the requested <InlineField>applicationId</InlineField> this value will not be returned in the event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.authenticationType" type="String">
    The type of authentication used in the login request. The possible values are:

    <AuthenticationTypeValues showSince="1.30.0" />
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.connectorId" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the connector used to complete the login.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.identityProviderId" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the identity provider used to complete the login. This value will be omitted from the event if an identity provider was not used.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.identityProviderName" type="String">
    The name of the identity provider used to complete the login. This value will be omitted from the event if an identity provider was not used.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.{/* eslint-disable-line */}
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.user" type="Object">
    The user that completed the login request. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON
  </APIField>
</EventBody>

# Success

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import AuthenticationTypeValues from 'src/content/docs/_shared/authentication-type-values.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'user.login.success';

<Event description="This event is generated when a user completes a successful login."
       eventType={eventType}
       name="User Login Success"
       scope="application"
       transactional="true"
       version="1.6.0"/>

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           sinceThreatDetection="1.30.0"
           sinceIpAddress="1.27.0"
           jsonFile="user-login-success.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.applicationId" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the Application for which the user has requested login. If the login request omits the <InlineField>applicationId</InlineField> or the user is not registered for the requested <InlineField>applicationId</InlineField> this value will not be returned in the event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.authenticationType" type="String">
    The type of authentication used in the login request. The possible values are:

    <AuthenticationTypeValues showSince="1.6.0" />
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.connectorId" type="UUID" since="1.18.0">
    The unique Id of the connector used to complete the login.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.identityProviderId" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the identity provider used to complete the login. This value will be omitted from the event if an identity provider was not used.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.identityProviderName" type="String">
    The name of the identity provider used to complete the login. This value will be omitted from the event if an identity provider was not used.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.ipAddress" type="String" deprecated>
    The IP address provided in the login request.

    Moved to <InlineField>event.info</InlineField> in 1.30.0
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID" since="1.8.0">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.{/* eslint-disable-line */}
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="Object">
    The user that completed the login request. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Suspicious

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import AuthenticationTypeValues from 'src/content/docs/_shared/authentication-type-values.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'user.login.suspicious';

<Event description="This event is generated when a user logs in and FusionAuth has considered them to be a potential threat."
       plan="enterprise"
       eventType={eventType}
       name="User Login Suspicious"
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="true"
       version="1.30.0"/>

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           sinceThreatDetection="1.30.0"
           sinceIpAddress="1.27.0"
           jsonFile="user-login-suspicious.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.applicationId" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the Application for which the user has requested login. If the login request omits the <InlineField>applicationId</InlineField> or the user is not registered for the requested <InlineField>applicationId</InlineField> this value will not be returned in the event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.authenticationType" type="String">
    The type of authentication used in the login request. The possible values are:

    <AuthenticationTypeValues showSince="1.30.0" />
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.connectorId" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the connector used to complete the login.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.identityProviderId" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the identity provider used to complete the login. This value will be omitted from the event if an identity provider was not used.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.identityProviderName" type="String">
    The name of the identity provider used to complete the login. This value will be omitted from the event if an identity provider was not used.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.threatsDetected" type="Array<String>">
    The types of potential threats that have been flagged for this event.

    The possible values are:

    * `ImpossibleTravel` - The distance between recent logins exceeds the possible value a person can travel within the allotted time frame.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.{/* eslint-disable-line */}
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="Object">
    The user that completed the login request. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Breach

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'user.password.breach';

<Event description="This event is generated when Reactor detects a user is using a vulnerable, or breached password. This event will only occur during login when the Tenant is not configured to require the user to change their password. All other breached password detections will occur during password validation and because the user will not be allowed to use the password."
       plan="premium"
       eventType={eventType}
       name="User Password Breach"
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="true"
       version="1.15.0"/>

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           sinceThreatDetection="1.30.0"
           sinceIpAddress="1.27.0"
           jsonFile="user-password-breach.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="Object">
    The user that failed the login request. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Reset Send

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'user.password.reset.send';

<Event description="This event is generated when a reset password request has been sent."
       plan="enterprise"
       eventType={eventType}
       name="User Password Reset Send"
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="false"
       version="1.30.0"/>

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           jsonFile="user-password-reset-send.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="Object">
    The user for whom the reset password send request was initiated. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Reset Start

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'user.password.reset.start';

<Event description="This event is generated when a reset password request has been started."
       plan="enterprise"
       eventType={eventType}
       name="User Password Reset Start"
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="false"
       version="1.30.0"/>

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           jsonFile="user-password-reset-start.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="Object">
    The user that the reset password flow has been started for. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Reset Success

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'user.password.reset.success';

<Event description="This event is generated when the reset password flow has completed successfully."
       plan="enterprise"
       eventType={eventType}
       name="User Password Reset Success"
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="false"
       version="1.30.0"/>

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           jsonFile="user-password-reset-success.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="Object">
    The user that the reset password flow has been completed for. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Update

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'user.password.update';

<Event description="This event is generated when a user's password has been updated."
       plan="enterprise"
       eventType={eventType}
       name="User Password Update"
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="false"
       version="1.30.0"/>

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           jsonFile="user-password-update.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="Object">
    The user whose password has been updated. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Create

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'user.registration.create';

<Event eventType={eventType}
       name="User Registration Create"
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="true"
       version="1.6.0">

  <p slot="description">This event is generated when a user registration is created.</p>
  <p slot="description">The final state of the operation which caused the webhook is not persisted to FusionAuth until after the webhook finishes; [learn more](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/writing-a-webhook#calling-fusionauth-apis-in-webhooks).</p>
</Event>

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           sinceThreatDetection="1.30.0"
           sinceIpAddress="1.27.0"
           jsonFile="user-registration-create.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.applicationId" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the Application for which the user has now been registered.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.registration" type="Object">
    The user registration that has been created. See the [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="Object">
    The user that owns the new registration. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Create Complete

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'user.registration.create.complete';

<Event description="This event is generated when a user registration create transaction has been completed."
       eventType={eventType}
       name="User Registration Create Complete"
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="false"
       version="1.30.0"/>

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           jsonFile="user-registration-create-complete.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.applicationId" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the Application for which the user has now been registered.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.registration" type="Object">
    The user registration that has been created. See the [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="Object">
    The user that owns the new registration. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Delete

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'user.registration.delete';

<Event description="This event is generated when a user registration has been deleted."
       eventType={eventType}
       name="User Registration Delete"
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="true"
       version="1.6.0"/>

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           sinceThreatDetection="1.30.0"
           sinceIpAddress="1.27.0"
           jsonFile="user-registration-delete.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.applicationId" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the Application for which the user has now been registered.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.registration" type="Object">
    The user registration that has been deleted. See the [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="Object">
    The user that owns the registration being deleted. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Delete Complete

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'user.registration.delete.complete';

<Event description="This event is generated when a user registration delete transaction has completed."
       eventType={eventType}
       name="User Registration Delete Complete"
       scope="application"
       transactional="false"
       version="1.30.0"/>

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           jsonFile="user-registration-delete-complete.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.applicationId" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the Application for which the user has now been registered.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.registration" type="Object">
    The user registration that has been deleted. See the [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="Object">
    The user that owns the registration being deleted. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Update

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'user.registration.update';

<Event description="This event is generated when a user registration has been updated."
       eventType={eventType}
       name="User Registration Update"
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="true"
       version="1.6.0"/>

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           sinceThreatDetection="1.30.0"
           sinceIpAddress="1.27.0"
           jsonFile="user-registration-update.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.applicationId" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the Application for which the user has now been registered.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.original" type="Object">
    The original registration prior to being updated. See the [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.registration" type="Object">
    The user registration with the current and updated values. See the [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="Object">
    The user that owns the registration being updated. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Update Complete

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'user.registration.update.complete';

<Event description="This event is generated when a user registration update transaction has completed."
       eventType={eventType}
       name="User Registration Update Complete"
       scope="application"
       transactional="false"
       version="1.30.0"/>

This event is only generated after a `user.registration.update` transaction has completed.

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           jsonFile="user-registration-update-complete.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.applicationId" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the Application for which the user has now been registered.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.original" type="Object">
    The original registration prior to being updated. See the [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.registration" type="Object">
    The user registration with current and updated values. See the [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="Object">
    The user that owns the registration being updated. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Verified

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'user.registration.verified';

<Event description="This event is generated when a user registration has been verified."
       eventType={eventType}
       name="User Registration Verified"
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="true"
       version="1.8.0"/>

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           sinceThreatDetection="1.30.0"
           sinceIpAddress="1.27.0"
           jsonFile="user-registration-verified.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.applicationId" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the Application for which the user has now been registered.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.registration" type="Object">
    The user registration that has been verified. See the [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="Object">
    The user that owns the registration being verified. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Action

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

export const eventType = 'user.action';

<Event eventType={eventType}
       name="User Action"
       scope="application">
  <p slot="description">
    This event is generated when a User Action is taken on a user and when temporal actions transition between phases.
  </p>

  <p slot="description">
A temporal action is one that has a start time and a duration. When a phase transition occurs for a temporal action, an event will be sent to the webhook. See the <InlineField>event.phase</InlineField> in the message body.
  </p>
</Event>

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           sinceThreatDetection="1.30.0"
           sinceIpAddress="1.27.0"
           jsonFile="user-actions.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.action" type="String">
    This parameter specifies the name of the action that is occurring.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.actionId" type="UUID">
    This parameter specifies the unique Id of the action that is occurring.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.actioneeUserId" type="UUID">
    This parameter specifies the unique identifier of the user the action is being performed on.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.actionerUserId" type="UUID">
    This parameter specifies the Id of the User that performed the action that resulted in the notification being sent. If the action was initiated by FusionAuth this value will not be provided.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.applicationIds">
    This parameter if provided specifies the scope of the User Action. When an Action is scoped to one or more Applications the Application Ids will be provided in this parameter.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.comment" type="String">
    An optional comment left to possibly indicate why the action was taken, modified or canceled.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.email" type="Object">
    When the action is configured to send the email in the event body, FusionAuth will render the email and provide the result in the event body. This can be used to send an email through a third party provider. See Example POST body below for fields.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.emailedUser" type="Boolean">
    This parameter will indicate if FusionAuth has already sent an email to the user as a result of this event. When `true` an email was sent to the user, and if `false` an email was not sent to the user.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.expiry" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the action will expire, if the action expires.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.localizedAction" type="String">
    This parameter specifies the localized version of the <InlineField>action</InlineField> field, based on the user's preferred languages.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.localizedDuration" type="String">
    The duration of the action in a human readable format that is localized based on the user's preferred languages.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.localizedOption" type="String">
    This parameter specifies the localized version of the <InlineField>option</InlineField> field, based on the user's preferred languages.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.localizedReason" type="String">
    This parameter specifies the localized reason of the <InlineField>reason</InlineField> field, based on the user's preferred languages.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.notifyUser" type="Boolean">
    This parameter specifies whether the user should be notified. FusionAuth will only set this value based upon the event configuration, it is simply an indicator to the event consumer to notify the user.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.option" type="String">
    An optional value to provide additional context to the Action. This value is free form and defined by the User Action.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.phase" type="Boolean">
    If the Action is temporal, this parameter will be provided to indicate the current phase of the action. The following are the possible Action states:

    * `start` - The event has started.
    * `modify` - The event has been modified.
    * `cancel` - The event has been canceled, the `end` phase will not be reached.
    * `end` - The event has ended.

    When the action is started by an admin, the phase will be "start". If an admin changes the duration of the action, the phase will be "modify". If an admin cancels an action it will be "cancel" or the action expires, the phase will be "end". If the action is key-based, the phase will be "start".
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.reason" type="String">
    The reason the admin selected. Reasons may be configured in the FusionAuth UI, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> User Actions -> Reasons</Breadcrumb>. This value will be omitted when no reasons are selected (or configured).
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.reasonCode" type="String">
    The reason code the admin selected. Reasons may be configured in the FusionAuth UI, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> User Actions -> Reasons</Breadcrumb>. This value will be omitted when no reasons are selected (or configured).
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID" since="1.8.0">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>
</EventBody>

# Bulk Create

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'user.bulk.create';

<Event description="This event is generated when multiple users are created via the [User Import API](/docs/apis/users#import-users). The JSON includes each of the Users that were created."
       eventType={eventType}
       name="User Bulk Create"
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="true" />

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           sinceThreatDetection="1.30.0"
           sinceIpAddress="1.27.0"
           jsonFile="user-bulk-create.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID" since="1.8.0">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.users" type="Array<Object>">
    The users that have been created. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Create

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'user.create';

<Event eventType={eventType}
       name="User Create"
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="true">
  This event is generated when a single user is created. The JSON includes the User that was created.

  This event is not generated when importing users via the [User Import API](/docs/apis/users#import-users). The [`user.bulk.create`](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/user-bulk-create) event is generated when importing users.
</Event>

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           sinceThreatDetection="1.30.0"
           sinceIpAddress="1.27.0"
           jsonFile="user-create.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID" since="1.8.0">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="Object">
    The user that has been created. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Create Complete

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'user.create.complete';

<Event eventType={eventType}
       name="User Create Complete"
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="false"
       version="1.30.0">

  This event is generated when a single user is created and the user create transaction has completed. The JSON includes the User that was created.

  This event is not generated when importing users via the [User Import API](/docs/apis/users#import-users). The [`user.bulk.create`](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/user-bulk-create) event is generated when importing users.
</Event>

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           jsonFile="user-create-complete.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="Object">
    The user that has been created. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Deactivate

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx'; 
       
export const eventType = 'user.deactivate';

<Event description="This event is generated when a user is deactivated, also referred to as a soft delete."
       eventType={eventType}
       name="User Deactivate"
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="true" />

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           sinceThreatDetection="1.30.0"
           sinceIpAddress="1.27.0"
           jsonFile="user-deactivate.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID" since="1.8.0">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="Object">
    The user that has been created. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>
</EventBody>

# Delete

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'user.delete';

<Event description="This event is generated when a user is deleted."
       eventType={eventType}
       name="User Delete"
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="true" />

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           sinceThreatDetection="1.30.0"
           sinceIpAddress="1.27.0"
           jsonFile="user-delete.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID" since="1.8.0">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="Object">
    The user that has been deleted. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Delete Complete

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'user.delete.complete';

<Event description="This event is generated when a user delete transaction has completed.. The JSON includes the User that was deleted."
       eventType={eventType}
       name="User Delete Complete"
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="false"
       version="1.30.0"/>

This event is only generated after a `user.delete` transaction has completed.

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           jsonFile="user-delete-complete.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="Object">
    The user that has been deleted. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>
</EventBody>

# Email Update

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'user.email.update';

<Event description="This event is generated when a user updates their email address."
       eventType={eventType}
       name="User Email Update"
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="false"
       version="1.30.0"/>

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           jsonFile="user-email-update.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.previousEmail" type="String">
    The last value of the user's email address.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="Object">
    The user that has updated their email address. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Email Verified

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Aside from "src/components/Aside.astro";
import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';

export const eventType = 'user.email.verified';

<Event description="This event is generated when a user verifies their email address."
       eventType={eventType}
       name="User Email Verified"
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="true"
       version="1.8.0"/>

<Aside>
  The [User Identity Verified](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/user-identity-verified) event is also created when email identities are verified and also includes phone number identities.
  <AvailableSince since="1.59.0" />
</Aside>


<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           sinceThreatDetection="1.30.0"
           sinceIpAddress="1.27.0"
           jsonFile="user-email-verified.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <InlineField>{eventType}</InlineField>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="Object">
    The user that has verified their email address. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Identity Provider Link

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'user.identity-provider.link';

<Event description="This event is generated when a user is linked to an Identity Provider."
       eventType={eventType}
       name="User Identity Provider Link"
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="false"
       version="1.36.0"/>

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           sinceThreatDetection="1.30.0"
           sinceIpAddress="1.27.0"
           jsonFile="user-identity-provider-link.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.identityProviderLink" type="IdentityProviderLink">
    The identity provider link created. See the [Identity Provider Links API](/docs/apis/identity-providers/links#retrieve-a-link) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="User">
    The user that has been linked. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Identity Provider Unlink

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'user.identity-provider.unlink';

<Event description="This event is generated when a link to an Identity Provider is removed."
       eventType={eventType}
       name="User Identity Provider Unlink"
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="false"
       version="1.36.0"/>

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           jsonFile="user-identity-provider-unlink.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.identityProviderLink" type="IdentityProviderLink">
    The identity provider link created. See the [Identity Provider Links API](/docs/apis/identity-providers/links#retrieve-a-link) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="User">
    The user that has been unlinked. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>
</EventBody>

# Identity Verified

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Aside from "src/components/Aside.astro";
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';

export const eventType = 'user.identity.verified';

<Event description="This event is generated when a user verifies an identity, which could be an email address or phone number."
       eventType={eventType}
       name="User Identity Verified"
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="true"
       version="1.59.0"/>

<Aside>
  The [User Email Verified](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/user-email-verified) event is also created when email identities are verified and will continue to function for compatibility reasons. This event is more generic and will be used for all identity verifications, including phone numbers.
</Aside>

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           jsonFile="user-identity-verified.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <InlineField>{eventType}</InlineField>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.loginId" type="String">
    The `loginId` of the identity that was verified. This is the email address or phone number.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.loginIdType" type="String">
    The `loginIdType` of the identity that was verified. This describes what `event.loginId` is, such as `email` or `phoneNumber`.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="Object">
    The user that has verified an identity. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Reactivate

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'user.reactivate';

<Event description="This event is generated when a user is re-activated. A re-activated user is one that had been soft deleted and has now been un-deleted."
       eventType={eventType}
       name="User Reactivate"
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="true" />

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           sinceThreatDetection="1.30.0"
           sinceIpAddress="1.27.0"
           jsonFile="user-reactivate.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID" since="1.8.0">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="Object">
    The user that has been re-activated. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Two-factor Method Add

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'user.two-factor.method.add';

<Event description="This event is generated when a user has added a new two-factor method."
       plan="enterprise"
       eventType={eventType}
       name="User Two-factor Method Add"
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="false"
       version="1.30.0"/>

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           jsonFile="user-two-factor-method-add.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.method" type="Object">
    The two-factor method that was added. See the [Multi Factor/Two Factor APIs](/docs/apis/two-factor) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="Object">
    The user that added a new two-factor method. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Two-factor Method Remove

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'user.two-factor.method.remove';

<Event description="This event is generated when a user has removed a new two-factor method."
       eventType={eventType}
       name="User Two-factor Method Remove"
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="false"
       version="1.30.0"/>

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           jsonFile="user-two-factor-method-remove.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.method" type="Object">
    The two-factor method that was removed. See the [Multi Factor/Two Factor APIs](/docs/apis/two-factor) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="Object">
    The user that removed a two-factor method. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Update

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'user.update';

<Event description="This event is generated when a user has added a new two-factor method."
       eventType={eventType}
       name="User Update"
       scope="tenant"
       transactional="true"
       version="1.6.0">

  <p slot="description">This event is generated when a user is updated. The event will include the before and after versions of the User being updated.</p>

  <p slot="description">This event is currently generated each time a user logs in via an IdP, such as Google, or OIDC -- even if the user data or user details in the IdP have not been modified.</p>
</Event>
<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           sinceThreatDetection="1.30.0"
           sinceIpAddress="1.27.0"
           jsonFile="user-update.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.original" type="Object">
    The user before the update occurred, this is the old version of the user. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="Object">
    The user after the update, this is the new version of the user. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Update Complete

import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Event from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event.astro';
import EventBody from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_event-body.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReferenceLink from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_reference-link.mdx';

export const eventType = 'user.update.complete';

<Event description="This event is generated when a user update transaction has completed."
       eventType={eventType}
       name="User Update Complete"
       scope="application"
       transactional="false"
       version="1.30.0"/>

<EventBody eventType={eventType}
           jsonFile="user-update-complete.json">

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.createInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) that the event was generated.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="leading-fields" name="event.id" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the event. You may receive an event more than once based upon your transaction settings. This Id may be used to identify a duplicate event.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.original" type="Object">
    The user before the update occurred, this is the old version of the user. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique tenant identifier. This value may not be returned if not applicable.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.type" type="String">
    The event type, this value will always be <code>{eventType}</code>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField slot="trailing-fields" name="event.user" type="Object">
    The user after the update, this is the new version of the user. See the [Users API](/docs/apis/users) for property definitions and example JSON.
  </APIField>

</EventBody>

# Events & Webhooks

import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIDeprecatedRemoved from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_api-deprecated-removed.mdx';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import ApplicationWebhooksWarning from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/_application-webhooks-warning.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Icon from 'src/components/icon/Icon.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import TenantWebhooksTable from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_tenant-webhooks-table.mdx';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

Events and Webhooks are a core architecture feature of FusionAuth. This feature provides a publish-subscribe pattern to developers and integrators of FusionAuth. In this architecture pattern, the Webhook is the subscriber and FusionAuth is the publisher.

This system is designed to provide feedback to your system when events occur within FusionAuth. Events are sent via an HTTP `POST` request with a JSON request body. The request will be sent with the a `Content-Type` header of `application/json`. This is the same style of API that the FusionAuth App uses to handle API requests from your application.

Here's a brief video covering some aspects of webhooks:

<YouTube id="QuHslZ6a_cw" />

See the corresponding [Webhook APIs](/docs/apis/webhooks) if you'd prefer to programatically configure FusionAuth Webhooks.

Here are the topics in this section:

* [Writing a Webhook](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/writing-a-webhook) - Covers how to write a Webhook that will process events from FusionAuth.
* [Securing a Webhook](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/securing) - Covers how to ensure your webhooks are secured properly.
* [Signing a Webhook](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/signing) - Covers how to sign webhook events
* [Events](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/) - Covers all of the event types that FusionAuth sends to Webhooks

Continue reading below to see how the events and webhooks are configured using the FusionAuth user interface.

## Tenant Settings

To prepare to consume FusionAuth events you'll first need to enable the event and select a transaction level that is compatible with your requirements in the tenant. 

<Aside type="note">
You do not need to configure the tenant settings for any system level webhook events, such as the `Audit Log Create` event.
</Aside>

To do so, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Webhooks</Breadcrumb> to enable events and optionally modify the default transaction level for each event type.

![Tenant Configuration - Webhooks](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenant-configuration-webhooks-settings.png)

### Webhooks

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Webhooks">
    Enable the webhooks you wish to receive events from this tenant. All webhooks will be shown, but if the webhook is a `global` webhook then you will not be able to unselect it here. That must be done in the [Webhook Settings](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/#tenants)
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Event Settings

<TenantWebhooksTable />

### Transaction Failures

As mentioned above, if you configure your transaction settings to require one or more webhooks to succeed, success occurs if the requisite number of webhooks returns a status code between 200 and 299.

If they do not, however, the webhook transaction fails. When this occurs, any API calls you are making will receive a response with the status code `504`. 

The response will be a JSON object with more details:

```json title="Example Error Response JSON"
{
  "generalErrors": [
     {
	"code": "[WebhookTransactionException]",
	"message": "One or more webhooks returned an invalid response or were unreachable. Based on your transaction configuration, your action cannot be completed."
      }
   ]
}
```

## Add Webhook

After you have enabled the events that you will be using, create a webhook definition to indicate where FusionAuth should send the JSON events. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Webhooks</Breadcrumb> to create a new webhook.

See the example screenshot below, at a minimum you will need to provide the URL the endpoint that will accept the FusionAuth JSON events. You can see in this screenshot that even though an event may be enabled globally you can still select which events will be sent to this webhook.

If you need to configure an Authorization header or other credentials to allow FusionAuth to make a request to your webhook, you may do so in the Security tab.

![Webhook Settings](/img/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/webhook-settings.png)

### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Id" optional>
    An optional UUID. When this value is omitted a unique Id will be generated automatically.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="URL" required>
    The endpoint that FusionAuth will used to send JSON events.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Connect timeout" required>
    The HTTP connect timeout in milliseconds used when connecting to the provided URL.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Read timeout" required>
    The HTTP read timeout in milliseconds used when connecting to the provided URL.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Description" optional>
    An optional description of this webhook.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


### Events

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Event">
    The event type that will be provided in the JSON event.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Description">
    The description of the event.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="System">
    A check indicates this event is a system event and is not scoped to a tenant.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Enabled">
    This toggle indicates if the event is enabled and may be sent to configured webhooks. This toggle affects all webhooks, a specific webhook may still be configured to ignore this event.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Security

The security settings may be used to require authentication in order to submit an event to the webhook.

![Webhook Settings - Security](/img/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/webhook-settings-security.png)

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Basic auth username" optional>
    The username to be used for HTTP Basic Authentication.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Basic auth password" optional>
    The password to be used for HTTP Basic Authentication.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Certificate" optional>
    The [Key](/docs/operate/secure/key-master) containing an SSL certificate to be used when connecting to the webhook.

    If you need to add a certificate for use with this webhook, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Key Master</Breadcrumb> and import a certificate. The certificate will then be shown as an option in this form control.

    You can also select the `Manually enter certificate in the textarea.` option to manually specify the SSL certificate in PEM format on the webhook configuration.

    When a Key is selected or a certificate is provided, an in memory keystore will be generated in order to complete the `https` connection to the webhook.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


### Tenants
<Aside type="version">
Available since 1.37.0
</Aside>

Here's the configuration when a webhook will be sent for all tenants.

![Webhook Settings - All applications](/img/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/webhook-settings-tenants.png)

Here's the configuration when a webhook should be sent for certain tenants.

![Webhook Settings - Select Applications](/img/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/webhook-settings-tenants-selection.png)


#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="All tenants">
    When this toggle is enabled, events for all tenants will be sent to this webhook.
  </APIField>

  <APIField name="Tenants">
    When the <InlineField>All tenants</InlineField> setting is disabled, this field will be exposed. Select the tenants for which you would like to receive events.

    Most events are scoped to a tenant. Selecting one more more tenants will cause FusionAuth to send events only for those tenants.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

The exceptions to this are the following system events which are not tenant specific:

* `audit-log.create`
* `event-log.create`
* `kickstart.success`

These events are configured at the system level and cannot be scoped to a certain tenant.

### Headers

![Webhook Settings - HTTP Headers](/img/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/webhook-settings-headers.png)

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Name">
    The name of the header to add to the HTTP request when sending the event to the webhook
  </APIField>

  <APIField name="Value">
    The header value to add to the HTTP request when sending the event to the webhook
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Applications
<ApplicationWebhooksWarning />

![Webhook Settings - All applications](/img/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/webhook-settings-applications.png)

![Webhook Settings - Select Applications](/img/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/webhook-settings-applications-selection.png)

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>

  <APIField name="All applications" deprecated>
    When this toggle is enabled, all events will be sent to this webhook.

    <APIDeprecatedRemoved version="1.37.0" description="In version 1.37.0 and beyond, webhooks are scoped to tenants." />
  </APIField>

  <APIField name="Applications" deprecated>
    When the <InlineField>All applications</InlineField> is disabled, this field will be exposed. Select the application for which you would like to receive events.

    Not all events are considered application specific and selecting an application will limit you to only receiving application events. The following events are considered Application events:

    * `jwt.public-key.update`
    * `jwt.refresh-token.revoke`
    * `user.action`

    In most cases you will want to use the <InlineField>All applications</InlineField> configuration.

    <APIDeprecatedRemoved version="1.37.0" description="In version 1.37.0 and beyond, webhooks are global or are scoped to tenants." />
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

## Test a Webhook

Once you have a webhook up and running and configured to receive JSON events from FusionAuth you may wish to test it by sending different events. FusionAuth has built in a test capability to allow you to construct any event and send it to your webhook.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Webhooks</Breadcrumb> and select the purple <Icon name="exchange" /> icon for the webhook you wish to test. Select the event type to test, optionally modify the JSON to test a specific scenario and then use the send button in the top right to send the event to the webhook.

![Webhook Test](/img/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/webhook-test.png)

Modifications to event JSON will be preserved across tests. If you want to reset the JSON for a given event, select that event and click the <Icon name="undo" /> Reset button.

### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="URL">
    The URL of the webhook you are testing. If you wish to test a different webhook return to the webhook menu and select the test action on another webhook.
  </APIField>

  <APIField name="Event type">
    The selected event type to send to the webhook.
  </APIField>

  <APIField name="Event">
    The JSON event to send to the webhook. This is a generated example and it may be modified before sending to replicate a specific scenario.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

## FAQs

**Q:** I have successfully tested my Webhook, but why am I not receiving specific live events?

**A:** In order to receive events to your webhook endpoint, ensure the following items are configured:

* Set up the Tenant events. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Webhooks</Breadcrumb> and enable the specific events.
* Set up Webhook tenants. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Webhooks -> Tenants</Breadcrumb> and ensure the Webhook is configured either for <InlineUIElement>All tenants</InlineUIElement> or your desired tenant or tenants.
* Set up the Webhook events. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Webhooks -> Events</Breadcrumb> and ensure the specific events are enabled for the Webhook.

Unless all three of these configurations are correct, you won't receive events to your configured endpoint.

# Kafka Integration

import KafkaTroubleshooting from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/kafka/_kafka_troubleshooting.mdx';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

[Kafka](https://kafka.apache.org/) is a scalable messaging platform. This integration allows you to consume webhook events
using a Kafka topic in addition to or instead of consuming the JSON events directly from a configured webhook, so events (for example, a "new user" event when a new user is created in FusionAuth) can be sent from FusionAuth to a Kafka topic.

When the Kafka integration is enabled, all [webhook events](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/) across all tenants will be sent to Kafka with all fields included.

## Configuration

The Kafka integration may be enabled using the [Integrations](/docs/apis/integrations) API or through the FusionAuth UI by navigating
to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Integrations -> Kafka</Breadcrumb>.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/kafka/kafka.png" alt="Kafka Configuration" width="1200" />

By default, you'll see properties set for the Kafka Producer configuration, including `bootstrap.servers`, `max.block.ms`, and `request.timeout.ms`. These tell FusionAuth how to make the initial connection to your Kafka cluster and set how long it can wait to send information to Kafka. You can find a complete list of allowed configuration for this block at the [Kafka configuration documentation](https://kafka.apache.org/documentation/#configuration).

Specify a topic that you've already created in your Kafka cluster and press "Send test event" to make sure that the connection is working as expected. After seeing that it succeeded, don't forget to press "Save" in the top right to turn on the Kafka integration.

You should see an event similar to the following in your Kafka topic if the test succeeds.

```json
{"createInstant":1667831017070,"id":"4532ba80-9443-4300-a324-3a2193e56c67","message":"You've successfully configured the Kafka Integration for FusionAuth.","type":"test"}
```

### Example Configuration for Docker Compose

If you're running Kafka alongside FusionAuth (for example, from the same `docker-compose.yaml` file), the only thing you need to change in the default configuration is to show FusionAuth where to find the Kafka bootstrap server on the network.

If your Docker Compose file is as follows:

<RemoteCode title="Example docker-compose.yml with Kafka" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-docker-compose/main/kafka/docker-compose.yml" lang="yaml" />

Then you would input the following configuration in the FusionAuth UI to configure the Kafka integration.

```
bootstrap.servers=kafka:9092
max.block.ms=5000
request.timeout.ms=2000
```

### Example Configuration for a Remote Managed Kafka Integration

If you're using a managed service for Kafka that runs on a different server than your FusionAuth installation, you'll also need to specify credentials for connecting to the remote Kafka instance. You should be able to get the exact configuration you need from your Kafka hosting provider by looking for "Producer configuration" or similar. It should look similar to the following.

```
bootstrap.servers=pkc-6ojv2.us-west4.gcp.your-kafka-provider.cloud:9092
client.dns.lookup=use_all_dns_ips
sasl.jaas.config=org.apache.kafka.common.security.plain.PlainLoginModule   required username='ZN6LJ5UHSXZLW3LR'   password='M9T8b85OPspFAS37Do5Baq7jIS+hl7h7bY8MRrfVff5lz8xeCwea7zB5AC3nKXUD';
sasl.mechanism=PLAIN
security.protocol=SASL_SSL
session.timeout.ms=45000
```

## Event Types and Configuration

After successfully connecting to a Kafka instance, you'll be notified of each event that happens in FusionAuth. Events will generally contain fields for: 

* `id`: A unique Id for that event that can be used for deduplication.
* `createInstant`: A timestamp indicating when the event occurred.
* `type`: The kind of event that occurred.
* `info`: A map of extra information about the event and its source, such as IP address and device information.

Other fields applicable to the event may also be included. You can find the full schema for each event in the [webhook events](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/) documentation.

Events can be categorized into two broad types:

- System events, which include audit log events and event log data.
- Tenant-based events, which include detailed information about user creation, removal, or changes. 

By default, system events will be sent to Kafka without further configuration. Tenant events, however, are dependent on a [Webhook](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/) being set up and active. The events sent to Kafka then follow the configuration of events for that webhook and tenant. If you don't already have a webhook configured and want to use Kafka for tenant-level events, we recommend you set up a no-op webhook receiver that accepts the incoming POST request, discards it, and returns a `200 OK` status. This will allow you to set up a dummy webhook configuration to control Kafka tenant-level events. To create such a receiver, you can use a low-code platform such as [Pipedream](https://pipedream.com) or [Zapier](https://zapier.com), or roll your own.

## Example Events Sent to Kafka

After creating the integration and using FusionAuth, your Kafka topic might look similar to the following, which shows events for: 

1. Sending the initial test event.
2. The audit log event for creating a new user with the email address `newuser@example.com`. This is a system-level event.
3. The tenant-level event for creating the above user. 
4. An error event because the SMTP integration isn't working so the password reset email couldn't be sent to the new user. This is a system-level event.

```json
{"createInstant":1667833973280,"id":"e6a4f780-02da-4b5a-8b04-94d2a49ea369","message":"You've successfully configured the Kafka Integration for FusionAuth.","type":"test"}

{"event":{"auditLog":{"id":38,"insertInstant":1667834917902,"insertUser":"test@example.com","message":"Created user with Id [3cbb85e7-ebf8-4c92-bc75-7ca8db4399db], name [null] and loginId [newuser@example.com]","reason":"FusionAuth User Interface"},"createInstant":1667834917903,"id":"4b81d279-24c7-463b-847a-0cecaaf113a0","info":{"ipAddress":"192.168.16.1","userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/16.1 Safari/605.1.15"},"type":"audit-log.create"}}

{"event":{"createInstant":1667834917903,"id":"0c11627f-9461-4a00-8156-00ff6c3d68d3","info":{"ipAddress":"172.22.0.1","userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/16.1 Safari/605.1.15"},"tenantId":"2671a63f-084c-4434-9465-fde65b8845ee","type":"user.create","user":{"active":true,"connectorId":"e3306678-a53a-4964-9040-1c96f36dda72","email":"newuser@example.com","id":"7e512f97-79f7-42e5-891f-a2383ed3460c","insertInstant":1667834917902,"lastLoginInstant":1667834917902,"lastUpdateInstant":1667834917902,"passwordChangeRequired":false,"passwordLastUpdateInstant":1667834917902,"tenantId":"2671a63f-084c-4434-9465-fde65b8845ee","twoFactor":{},"usernameStatus":"ACTIVE","verified":true}}}

{"event":{"createInstant":1667834917916,"eventLog":{"id":34,"insertInstant":1667834917913,"message":"Async Email Send exception occurred.\n\nTemplate Id: 3e6462be-178c-499f-92c9-3643ccca8ced\nTemplate Name: [FusionAuth Default] Setup Password\nTenant Id: 6825d48e-4df4-f83e-1055-f1d42e363749\nAddressed to: newuser@example.com\n\nCause:\ncom.sun.mail.util.MailConnectException : Message: Couldn't connect to host, port: localhost, 25; timeout -1","type":"Error"},"id":"44ca31e5-967c-4b5c-8ff4-1ee51d73999a","type":"event-log.create"}}
```

## Troubleshooting FusionAuth's Kafka Integration

<KafkaTroubleshooting />

# Secure Webhooks

import SecuringHttpRequests from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_securing_http_requests.mdx';

FusionAuth sends JSON events to your configured Webhooks that might include user information or other sensitive data. Therefore, it is important to ensure that your Webhooks are secured properly to prevent data from being leaked or stolen.

This document covers the standard methods for securing Webhooks. You can also [learn more about verifying webhook message integrity](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/signing).

<SecuringHttpRequests request_entity="Webhook" request_entity_lc="webhook" ssl_certificate_sentence="This can be an SSL certificate previously added to Key Master or a manually entered SSL certificate in PEM format" />

# Sign Webhooks

import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.48.0`
</Aside>

Signing Webhook events allows you to verify each event was sent by FusionAuth. Webhook signatures provide an extra layer of security in addition to the methods described in [Securing a Webhook](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/securing). Signature verification provides protection against bad actors spoofing webhook event payloads to look like they came from FusionAuth.

This document covers configuring webhook signatures, verifying signatures in your webhook listener, and key rotation.

### Configuration

Configuring webhook signatures in FusionAuth consists of generating a key and configuring your webhook to sign using that key.

![Webhook Key Generation](/img/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/webhook-key-gen.png)

Keys are generated or imported from <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Key Master</Breadcrumb>. Webhooks can be signed with three types of keys

* OKP (EdDSA) key - strongest cryptography, public key can be available
* EC key - stronger cryptography, public key can be available
* RSA key - strong cryptography, public key can be available
* HMAC key - fast cryptography, requires manual key distribution

Asymmetric key types allow you to make public keys available through the `/.well-known/jwks.json` endpoint, which facilitates key rotation. If your webhook listener cannot make outbound network connections or you prefer to manually configure your key in your webhook listener, HMAC keys are a good option.

For this example, we'll use an RSA key pair. More information on keys is available in the [Key Master Guide](/docs/operate/secure/key-master).

Next, you configure your webhook to sign the event with this key. From <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Webhooks</Breadcrumb>, click on the Edit button for your webhook (or create a new webhook). Select the <Breadcrumb>Security</Breadcrumb> tab panel. Once you enable <InlineField>Sign events</InlineField>, a <InlineField>Signing key</InlineField> select dropdown allows you to choose the generated key. Be sure to click Save in the upper right corner.

![Webhook Settings Signature](/img/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/webhook-settings-signature.png)

### Signature Verification

The webhook signature is provided in the HTTP header `X-FusionAuth-Signature-JWT` as a signed JWT with a claim of `request_body_sha256` containing the SHA-256 hash of the webhook event payload.

Your webhook listener can verify the signature by:

- Verifying the JWT is properly signed
- Decoding the JWT
- Comparing the JWT's `request_body_sha256` claim against your own calculated SHA-256 hash of the event body

```ini title="Example webhook HTTP header"
X-FusionAuth-Signature-JWT: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCIsImtpZCI6Il9IMDd3VkcxZlYzbDVpaDc0ck54SUMzbmV2RSJ9.eyJyZXF1ZXN0X2JvZHlfc2hhMjU2IjoiS2VWKy9IR29JUXJ4dUU1WVBDUlI2QXVRT0p2ZWxkWU5OaGJWaTFpMjJxaz0ifQ.J70gqZVuTej8FfriQqJJZecCT6XOZKH6h6Te2ir_yrSwR3luhoj_R1vAZULdrktaFPqXFXbnq9prN8j3ddelUVA5SU51J-MWVhz1bkimLo8EEdJ47ytI_97rPqVK1YJ6FSiS8_o37gablaQZv2WDbZ6ap-t4hNU5m7uwZTW9DerKg9iQjMDUIlfafEwsROLfNPfK49IsCzBNCQ8SsinVbGU0dNbs9YfMAxNzSuEKdZOIXkRNgjPfWpPnkwBbroWUrrpcoAcBSQIYFajKV-MFRISnFZ_blYps16f95iQsuTfqBkBH3r59R5tFBP66FA1bvQJZVlAHJfdNTXnXx2F2BQ
```

The JWT decodes with:

```json title="JWT header"
{
   "alg": "RS256",
   "typ": "JWT",
   "kid": "_H07wVG1fV3l5ih74rNxIC3nevE"
 }
```


```json title="JWT payload"
{
  "request_body_sha256": "KeV+/HGoIQrxuE5YPCRR6AuQOJveldYNNhbVi1i22qk="
}
```

The `kid` identifies the Id of the key used to sign the JWT. JWT libraries can look the key up from the JWKS endpoint, or a locally stored key can be used. After verifying the JWT signature, the JWT's `request_body_sha256` payload claim is compared against your own calculated SHA-256 hash of the event body

### Example Webhook Listener Code

The following code ([available on GitHub](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-javascript-webhooks/blob/main/signature-verify/app.js)) demonstrates webhook signature verification with a simple Node server.

<RemoteCode title="Example Node.js Webhook Signature Verifier" lang="javascript" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-javascript-webhooks/main/signature-verify/app.js" />

### Testing

The [Webhook Testing](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks#test-a-webhook) page provides a quick way to test your webhook signature configuration and signature verification on your webhook listener.

### Key Rotation

[Rotating keys](/docs/operate/secure/key-rotation) regularly is an important part of a defense-in-depth strategy. The type of key used for signing webhook events and the method used for fetching that key determines the process for rotating keys.

* Signatures validated using a public key where signature verification dynamically fetches public key from `.well-known/jwks.json` endpoint
  * Generate new key in FusionAuth
  * Update webhook signing key to use new key
  * Test
  * Delete old key
* Other cases
  * Generate new key
  * Update your webhook listener to accept new key in addition to old key
  * Update webhook to use new key
  * Test
  * Update your webhook listener to only accept new key
  * Delete old key from FusionAuth

# Webhook Event Log

import ApplicationWebhooksWarning from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/_application-webhooks-warning.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import Icon from 'src/components/icon/Icon.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

<Aside type="version">
Available since 1.53.0
</Aside>

A Webhook Event Log is provided to review events sent by FusionAuth along with timing and result information for each attempt to send the event to configured endpoints. The `webhook_event_log_viewer` role grants users access to these pages. You can find the Webhook Event Log by navigating to <Breadcrumb>System -> Webhook Log</Breadcrumb>. The same information is available via the [Webhook Event Log APIs](/docs/apis/webhook-event-logs).

Starting in version `1.57.0` the Webhook Event Log is disabled by default.

## Webhook Event Log UI

### List of Webhook Event Logs

The main Webhook Event Log page provides a list of summary information and search functionality for events. Test events sent via the admin UI are not recorded in the Webhook Event Log.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/webhook-event-log-list.png" alt="List of Webhook Event Logs" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Using the icons on this screen, you can:

* <Icon name="address-card" /> Manage the webhook event log

### Manage Webhook Event

Click the <InlineUIElement>Manage</InlineUIElement> button on the list to manage a webhook event.

The page displays summary information about the event such as timing, event type, and result. The <InlineUIElement>Webhook attempts</InlineUIElement> tab contains information on attempts to send the event to each configured receiver.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/manage-webhook-event.png" alt="Manage of Webhook Event" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Using the icons on this screen, you can:

* <Icon name="fa-search" /> View attempt details

The <InlineUIElement>Source</InlineUIElement> tab shows a read-only view of the event request body. The same event body is sent to all receivers.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/manage-webhook-event-source.png" alt="Webhook Event Source" width="1200" />

### View attempt details

Click the <InlineUIElement>View</InlineUIElement> button on the manage screen to view details for an attempt to send the event.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/webhook-attempt.png" alt="Webhook Attempt Log" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

### Configuration

The Webhook Event Log can be configured under <Breadcrumb>Settings -> System</Breadcrumb> on the <Breadcrumb>Advanced</Breadcrumb> tab.

Starting in version `1.57.0` the Webhook Event Log is disabled by default. Prior to that the feature could not be disabled.

By default Webhook Event Logs are retained for 30 days, after which they are deleted. Prior to version `1.57.0` the default behavior was to never delete Webhook Event Logs.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/webhook-event-log-settings.png" alt="Webhook Event Log Settings" width="1200" />

When the <InlineField>Delete</InlineField> retention is enabled, Webhook Event Logs older than the configured number of days will be deleted automatically. The retention period can be set to a minimum of one day.

# Write a Webhook

import ApplicationWebhooksWarning from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/_application-webhooks-warning.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

In order to appropriately handle requests from the FusionAuth event, you must build a HTTP Webhook receiver to listens for requests from FusionAuth. Your Webhook must be able to receive HTTP `POST` requests with a JSON request body. The HTTP request will be sent using a `Content-Type` header value of `application/json`.

Additional headers may be added to the request by adding headers to the Webhook configuration.

## Responses

Your Webhook must handle the RESTful request described above and send back an appropriate status code. Your Webhook must send back to FusionAuth an HTTP response code that indicates whether or not the event was successfully handled or not. If your Webhook handled the event properly, it must send back an HTTP response status code of `2xx`. If there was any type of error or failure, your Webhook must send back a non `2xx` HTTP response status.

## Configuration

Once your Webhook is complete and listening for events, you must configure your Webhook URL in FusionAuth. To add a webhook navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Webhooks</Breadcrumb>.

Then, configure the Tenant to listen for the event by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Your Tenant -> Webhooks</Breadcrumb>.

Here's a video displaying how to configure a webhook.

<YouTube id="peyqQggiR4o" />

If you have multiple Webhooks configured for a single Tenant, the transaction setting for the event will dictate if FusionAuth will commit the transaction or not.

As of version 1.37.0 if you have multiple webhooks assigned to different tenants but configured for the same event, such as `user.create`, only the events matching both tenant and type will be delivered. For example, imagine you have Pied Piper and Hooli tenants and both have different webhooks (`piedpier.com/webhook` and `hooli.com/webhook`) and each is configured to listen only to their tenant for the `user.create` webhook event. In this case, `piedpiper.com/webhook` would receive only Pied Piper user creation event information; likewise `hooli.com/webhook` will receive only webhooks for the `user.create` event from the Hooli tenant.

Prior to version 1.37.0 if you have multiple tenants listening for the same event, they will all receive that event and can filter on the provided <InlineField>tenantId</InlineField> to determine if they should handle the event.

### Application Scoped Events

<ApplicationWebhooksWarning />

### Tenant Scoped Events

As of version 1.37.0, all events can be tenant scoped except system events:

* `audit-log.create`
* `create-log.create`
* `kickstart.success`

If you want to get events for certain applications, the preferred method is to send events for a tenant. Filter on the `applicationId` when consuming the event and discard events from any applications not of interest.

### Example Configuration After 1.37.0

Here's an example scenario. You have two tenants, Pied Piper and Hooli. You have configured two webhooks listening for `user.create` events. One updates a separate user database, the other records information in an analytics system. Both the Pied Piper and Hooli tenants have the `user.create` event enabled in their webhook configurations and both webhooks are selected to receive events from both tenants.

In this scenario, each webhook will receive data when a user is created in either tenant, Pied Piper or Hooli.

Transaction settings can be managed at the tenant level. It is possible, for example, to require only the analytics webhook to succeed for the Pied Piper tenant and only the user database sync to succeed for the Hooli tenant.

If you are separating your staging and production environments using tenants, webhooks will not cross those boundaries except for the system scoped events.

### Example Configuration Before 1.37.0

Here's an example scenario. You have two tenants, Pied Piper and Hooli. You have configured two webhooks listening for `user.create` events. One updates a separate user database, the other records information in an analytics system. Both the Pied Piper and Hooli tenants have the `user.create` event enabled in their webhook configurations.

In this scenario, each webhook will receive data when a user is created in either tenant, Pied Piper or Hooli.

Transaction settings can be managed at the tenant level, but the webhooks receiving an event are not. Any webhook that is configured to receive the `user.create` event will play a role in the transaction. It is not possible, for example, to require only the analytics webhook to succeed for the Pied Piper tenant and only the user database sync to succeed for the Hooli tenant. If you need this level of granularity, run different FusionAuth instances.

If you are separating your staging and production environments using tenants, webhooks will cross those boundaries. While you can filter on the tenant in the webhook itself, if you register both a production webhook and a staging webhook for the same event, the production webhook will receive staging data and the staging webhook will receive production data. In addition, webhook transactions will depend on both. The workaround is to run separate FusionAuth instances.

Please review this issue for additional information about [future webhook improvements](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1543).

## Retries

If the webhook transaction succeeds, FusionAuth will try to send the payload to any failed webhooks again. For example, if there are three webhooks set up to listen to a `user.update` request, and the transaction level is set to "Any single webhook must succeed" and one webhook succeeds, the two failures will be retried. FusionAuth will retry sending the payload up to three additional times. This retry logic means that webhook endpoints may receive a payload multiple times and should be prepared to handle such a situation.
{/* TODO update when https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1543 lands */}

If not enough of the webhooks succeed to satisfy the transaction type initially, the operation will not succeed; for example, the user will not be updated. The originating call will receive an error HTTP status code.

If a webhook endpoint times out, this is considered a failure, the same as if a non `2xx` status code is returned. If the endpoint does not respond after the retries, the failure will be logged in the system log.


### Retry Examples

Below are flow diagrams of example requests. The order of the requests is not guaranteed, but is merely illustrative. In each of these, an API call such as a user update is made, and FusionAuth has been configured to fire off to three different webhooks at that time. The webhook transaction level and the webhook success statuses vary.

Here's a situation with three webhooks and a webhook transaction level of "No webhooks are required to succeed". In this scenario, FusionAuth "fires and forgets":
```mermaid title="A flow with three webhooks and a 'no webhooks are required to succeed' transaction level."
sequenceDiagram

participant c as Original Caller
participant f as FusionAuth
participant w1 as Webhook Recipient 1
participant w2 as Webhook Recipient 2
participant w3 as Webhook Recipient 3

c ->> f  : Updates user
f ->> w1  : Sends payload
f ->> w2  : Sends payload
f ->> w3  : Sends payload
f -->> c  : Success, operation completes
```

Next, consider the scenario with three webhooks and a webhook transaction configuration of "Any single webhook must succeed" where "Webhook 1" succeeds. In this case, the other two webhooks are retried up to three additional times. "Webhook 2" succeeds eventually, but "Webhook 3" fails:

```mermaid title="A flow with three webhooks, a 'any single webhook must succeed' transaction level, and one success."
sequenceDiagram

participant c as Original Caller
participant f as FusionAuth
participant w1 as Webhook Recipient 1
participant w2 as Webhook Recipient 2
participant w3 as Webhook Recipient 3

c ->> f  : Updates user
f ->> w1  : Sends payload
f ->> w2  : Sends payload
f ->> w3  : Sends payload
w1 -->> f  : Sends success response
w2 -->> f  : Sends failure response
w3 -->> f  : Sends failure response
f ->> w2  : Sends payload
f ->> w3  : Sends payload
w2 -->> f  : Times out
w3 -->> f  : Times out
f ->> w2  : Sends payload
f ->> w3  : Sends payload
w2 -->> f  : Succeeds
w3 -->> f  : Times out
f ->> w3  : Sends payload
w3 -->> f  : Times out
f ->> c  : Success, operation completes
```

Here's a configuration with three webhooks and a webhook transaction configuration of "Any single webhook must succeed" where all webhooks fail or time out. In this case, there are no retries, since the webhook transaction level was not met.

```mermaid title="A flow with three webhooks, a 'any single webhook must succeed' transaction level, and three failures."
sequenceDiagram

participant c as Original Caller
participant f as FusionAuth
participant w1 as Webhook Recipient 1
participant w2 as Webhook Recipient 2
participant w3 as Webhook Recipient 3

c ->> f  : Updates user
f ->> w1  : Sends payload
f ->> w2  : Sends payload
f ->> w3  : Sends payload
w1 -->> f  : Times out
w2 -->> f  : Sends failure response
w3 -->> f  : Sends failure response
f -->> c   : Failure, operation rolls back, error returned
```

## Calling FusionAuth APIs In Webhooks

Some events fire on creation of an entity in FusionAuth, such as `user.create`. You may want to modify the created entity, but if your webhook tries to modify the newly created object in a webhook handling the create event, the operation will fail. This is due to the fact that the operation occurs in a database transaction and has not yet completed when the webhook runs. 

In fact, the created user will not be visible to any other API request until the transaction is committed. The operation fails because the webhook is trying to modify an object that has not yet been completely created and has not yet been committed to persistent storage. Depending upon your transaction configuration for a particular event, FusionAuth may wait until all webhooks have responded before committing the transaction.

Even if you configure your webhook transaction to not require any webhooks to succeed, it is unlikely your code will operate as intended due to the parallel timing of the requests. The `user.create` event was not designed to allow a webhook to retrieve and modify the user.

Here's a scenario:

* You have a webhook that catches the `user.create` event.
* It extracts the user's email address.
* Then it queries a non FusionAuth database and adds a custom `user.data.premiumUser` field to the FusionAuth user object based on the query results.
* At user login, the value of the `user.data.premiumUser` field will be placed into a JWT for other applications to access.

In this example, you have a few options; which one is best depends on when you need to be able to read from the `user.data.premiumUser` field.

* Provide the custom data field at user creation, instead of updating the user via a webhook. This option is the simplest, but may not be possible if users are self registering. In this case, the field is available from the moment the user is created.
* Review available events and determine if a subsequent event occurs in your workflow. For example, `user.registration.create` may occur after a user is created. At this point, the user will exist and can be modified. If an event happens repeatedly, make the modification idempotent. In this case, the field is available as soon as the other event fires.
* Don't process the data in the webhook. Instead, push the event JSON to a queue and return success. Have a queue consumer pull the data off and update the `user.data.premiumUser` field. The consumer can retry multiple times if the user object has not yet been fully created, which can happen if there are other webhooks whose completion is required. In this case, the field is available when the consumer finishes.

While this scenario is most obvious when a user or registration is being created, it applies to all webhooks. The final state of the operation which caused the webhook is not persisted to FusionAuth until after the webhook finishes.

## Example Code

Here's an example of a Webhook written in Node using Express. In this example, if the event is a `user.delete` event, this code deletes all of the user's ToDos. The example code is [available on GitHub](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-javascript-webhooks/blob/main/simple/app.js).

In this example we are also checking the HTTP Authorization header for an API key. Using an API key or some type of authentication helps secure your Webhook to prevent malicious requests. You can configure the API key via the FusionAuth Web Interface or the API using the Headers of the Webhook configuration.

<RemoteCode title="Example Webhook" lang="javascript" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-javascript-webhooks/main/simple/app.js" tags="simplewebhook" />

# Docker Install

import FiveMinuteRequirements from 'src/content/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/_5-minute-requirements.mdx';
import FiveMinuteSetupWizard from 'src/content/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/_5-minute-setup-wizard.mdx';
import FiveMinuteApplicationSetup from 'src/content/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/_5-minute-application-setup.mdx';
import FiveMinuteRegisterUser from 'src/content/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/_5-minute-register-user.mdx';
import FiveMinuteConfigureNodeApplication from 'src/content/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/_5-minute-configure-node-application.mdx';
import FiveMinuteStoreUserObject from 'src/content/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/_5-minute-store-user-object.mdx';
import FiveMinuteTestApplication from 'src/content/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/_5-minute-test-application.mdx';
import FiveMinuteLogout from 'src/content/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/_5-minute-logout.mdx';
import FiveMinuteSummingUp from 'src/content/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/_5-minute-summing-up.mdx';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';

You've chosen to install FusionAuth via Docker and Docker Compose.

This is the best option if you have Docker installed locally or you plan to run FusionAuth in a Docker compatible environment such as Kubernetes and want to learn more about how FusionAuth runs in Docker.

If you've arrived here directly, start with the [5-Minute Setup Guide Overview](/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro).

Below is a brief video showing how to set up FusionAuth in less than 5 minutes.

<YouTube id="qBr_nHofkSo" />

## Requirements

<FiveMinuteRequirements installmethod="docker" />

## Overview

Here are steps to take to set up FusionAuth and configure it to provide login and logout functionality for your application.

1. [Install and Start FusionAuth](#1-install-and-start-fusionauth)
2. [Complete the Setup Wizard](#2-complete-the-setup-wizard)
3. [Create an Application and configure the OAuth settings](#3-create-an-application-and-configure-the-oauth-settings)
4. [Grant Permissions](#4-grant-permissions)
5. [Configure the Backend to Complete the Login](#5-configure-the-backend-to-complete-the-login)
6. [Store the user object in the session](#6-store-the-user-object-in-the-session)
7. [Test the Application](#7-test-the-application)
8. [Logout](#8-logout)
9. [Summing Up](#9-summing-up)

## 1. Install and Start FusionAuth

You are following the Docker 5 minute guide, so you'll use `docker compose`.

To use FusionAuth download the `docker-compose.yml` and the `.env` files and then start up the configured containers.

```shell title="Download the FusionAuth docker files"
curl -o docker-compose.yml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/main/docker/fusionauth/docker-compose.yml
curl -o .env https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/main/docker/fusionauth/.env
```

Edit these files as needed. The stock `.env` file will contain the following values, you will want to modify the `DATABASE_PASSWORD` and ensure the `POSTGRES_USER` and `POSTGRES_PASSWORD` values are correct. You may also override any of these values using environment variables.

<RemoteCode lang="shell"
            url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/main/docker/fusionauth/.env"
            title="The .env file" />

```shell title="Starting FusionAuth"
docker compose up -d
docker compose logs -f
```

Once the installer completes, you will see something similar to this output on the console:

```sh title="Docker Install Complete"
fusionauth-1  | 2022-10-29 01:01:16.527 AM INFO  org.primeframework.mvc.netty.PrimeHTTPServer - Starting FusionAuth HTTP server on port [9011]
fusionauth-1  | 2022-10-29 01:01:16.583 AM INFO  org.primeframework.mvc.netty.PrimeHTTPServer - Starting FusionAuth HTTP loopback server on port [9012]
```

And that's it! Docker makes standing up a FusionAuth instance a snap. 

Next, start the Setup Wizard by navigating to `http://localhost:9011`.

## 2. Complete the Setup Wizard

<FiveMinuteSetupWizard />

## 3. Create an Application and Configure the OAuth settings

<FiveMinuteApplicationSetup />

## 4. Grant Permissions

<FiveMinuteRegisterUser />

## 5. Configure the Backend to Complete the Login

<FiveMinuteConfigureNodeApplication installmethod="docker" />

## 6. Store the User Object In The Session

<FiveMinuteStoreUserObject />

## 7. Test the Application

<FiveMinuteTestApplication />

## 8. Logout

<FiveMinuteLogout />

## 9. Summing Up

<FiveMinuteSummingUp />

# Fast Path Install

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import {Content as DockerCompose} from "/src/components/download/docker-compose.mdx";
import FiveMinuteApplicationSetup from 'src/content/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/_5-minute-application-setup.mdx';
import FiveMinuteConfigureNodeApplication from 'src/content/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/_5-minute-configure-node-application.mdx';
import FiveMinuteLogout from 'src/content/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/_5-minute-logout.mdx';
import FiveMinuteRegisterUser from 'src/content/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/_5-minute-register-user.mdx';
import FiveMinuteRequirements from 'src/content/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/_5-minute-requirements.mdx';
import FiveMinuteSetupWizard from 'src/content/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/_5-minute-setup-wizard.mdx';
import FiveMinuteStoreUserObject from 'src/content/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/_5-minute-store-user-object.mdx';
import FiveMinuteSummingUp from 'src/content/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/_5-minute-summing-up.mdx';
import FiveMinuteTestApplication from 'src/content/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/_5-minute-test-application.mdx';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

You've chosen to install FusionAuth via Fast Path, using a local database (PostgreSQL or MySQL). 

This is the best option if you have a local database already set up or you want to test FusionAuth with an external database.

If you've arrived here directly, start with the [5-Minute Setup Guide Overview](/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/).

Below is a brief video showing how to set up FusionAuth in less than 5 minutes.

<YouTube id="gTCOshvGiaY" />

## Requirements

<FiveMinuteRequirements />

## Overview

Here are steps to take to set up FusionAuth and configure it to provide login and logout functionality for your application.

- [Install FusionAuth](#1-install-fusionauth)
- [Complete Maintenance Mode](#2-complete-maintenance-mode)
- [Complete the Setup Wizard](#3-complete-the-setup-wizard)
- [Create an Application and configure the OAuth settings](#4-create-an-application-and-configure-the-oauth-settings)
- [Grant Permissions](#5-grant-permissions)
- [Configure the Backend to Complete the Login](#6-configure-the-backend-to-complete-the-login)
- [Store the user object in the session](#7-store-the-user-object-in-the-session)
- [Test the Application](#8-test-the-application)
- [Logout](#9-logout)
- [Summing Up](#10-summing-up)

Steps similar to these will be used for integrating with any identity provider. Let's get into the details of each step. 

## 1. Install FusionAuth

<DockerCompose />

## 2. Complete Maintenance Mode

After you have FusionAuth installed and running, open your browser to `http://localhost:9011`. This is the default address for FusionAuth when running locally. This will bring up the FusionAuth admin UI, which should be sitting in Maintenance Mode and ready to be configured. 

FusionAuth enters Maintenance Mode any time the database is not accessible or is not properly set up. In this case, FusionAuth was able to connect, but the system was not configured. Below is a screenshot of the Maintenance Mode screen.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/maintenance-mode-database.png" alt="Maintenance Mode Database" width="1200" />

Here you need to provide the super user credentials for the database along with the database hostname, if it isn't running locally. You can also select either MySQL or PostgreSQL and change the database port if needed. For this example, you will be using PostgreSQL on the standard port with a super username of `postgres` and a password of `password`. You can also change the username and password that will be created as the primary database account that FusionAuth will access. This is the `fusionauth` user above, but can be set to any username and password you desire.

The reason that FusionAuth uses a separate username and password to connect to the database during normal operation is that if the configuration is compromised and an attacker learns the database username and password, they will only have access to the FusionAuth database. This is helpful if you are using a single database server for multiple applications and databases. This is known as the principle of least privilege and FusionAuth generally follows this principle.

Once you click the <InlineUIElement>Submit</InlineUIElement> button, you will be taken to the next step of Maintenance Mode. If you have opted to install with Elasticsearch, this step is where the FusionAuth Search component is configured, otherwise you can skip ahead to step 4, the Setup Wizard.

Our Fast Path install and startup script automatically start the `fusionauth-search` component, which is a standard version of Elasticsearch. Since FusionAuth is able to connect to this search engine, all that is needed is to create the indexes inside it. This page looks like this.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/maintenance-mode-search.png" alt="Maintenance Mode Search" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Clicking the <InlineUIElement>Submit</InlineUIElement> button here will cause FusionAuth to exit Maintenance Mode and begin starting up. You see an interstitial page.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/interstitial.png" alt="Interstitial" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

## 3. Complete the Setup Wizard

<FiveMinuteSetupWizard />

## 4. Create an Application and Configure the OAuth settings

<FiveMinuteApplicationSetup />

## 5. Grant Permissions

<FiveMinuteRegisterUser />

## 6. Configure the Backend to Complete the Login

<FiveMinuteConfigureNodeApplication />

## 7. Store the User Object In The Session

<FiveMinuteStoreUserObject />

## 8. Test the Application

<FiveMinuteTestApplication />

## 9. Logout

<FiveMinuteLogout />

## 10. Summing Up

<FiveMinuteSummingUp />

# Sandbox

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import FiveMinuteRequirements from 'src/content/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/_5-minute-requirements.mdx';
import FiveMinuteApplicationSetup from 'src/content/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/_5-minute-application-setup.mdx';
import FiveMinuteRegisterUser from 'src/content/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/_5-minute-register-user.mdx';
import FiveMinuteConfigureNodeApplication from 'src/content/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/_5-minute-configure-node-application.mdx';
import FiveMinuteStoreUserObject from 'src/content/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/_5-minute-store-user-object.mdx';
import FiveMinuteTestApplication from 'src/content/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/_5-minute-test-application.mdx';
import FiveMinuteLogout from 'src/content/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/_5-minute-logout.mdx';
import FiveMinuteSummingUp from 'src/content/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/_5-minute-summing-up.mdx';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

You've chosen to use the FusionAuth hosted sandbox for the setup guide.

This is the best option if you want to get up and running quickly or if you plan to use the SaaS version of FusionAuth but want to get going.

The sandbox also runs a licensed version of FusionAuth, so if you want to explore any of the [premium features](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/premium-features) without paying, you can use it to do so.

<Aside type="caution">
The FusionAuth sandbox environment is useful for testing out FusionAuth functionality, but it is open to the world; anyone can view the user data stored there.

The system is also reset regularly to a standard configuration, wiping all the data. This typically occurs **nightly**.

**Please do not** use the sandbox for production.

**Please do not** put private data in the sandbox.

If you'd like to have your own private instance of FusionAuth in the cloud, managed by FusionAuth, [you can purchase hosting](/pricing).
</Aside>

If you've arrived here directly, start with the [5-Minute Setup Guide Overview](/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro).

Below is a brief video showing how to set up FusionAuth in less than 5 minutes.

<YouTube id="bObW9kGo5Y8" />

## Requirements

<FiveMinuteRequirements />

## Overview

Here are steps to take to set up FusionAuth and configure it to provide login and logout functionality for your application.

- [Log into the sandbox server](#1-log-into-the-sandbox-server)
- [Create an Application and configure the OAuth settings](#2-create-an-application-and-configure-the-oauth-settings)
- [Grant Permissions](#3-grant-permissions)
- [Configure the Backend to Complete the Login](#4-configure-the-backend-to-complete-the-login)
- [Store the user object in the session](#5-store-the-user-object-in-the-session)
- [Test the Application](#6-test-the-application)
- [Logout](#7-logout)
- [Summing Up](#8-summing-up)

## 1. Log Into the Sandbox Server

Navigate to the sandbox server, at <a href="https://sandbox.fusionauth.io">sandbox.fusionauth.io</a>.

Log in following the instructions on the login screen. 

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/login-sandbox.png" alt="Sandbox Login" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

After doing so you'll arrive at the sandbox dashboard.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/dashboard-sandbox.png" alt="Sandbox Dashboard" width="1200" />

## 2. Create an Application and Configure the OAuth settings

<FiveMinuteApplicationSetup />

## 3. Grant Permissions

<FiveMinuteRegisterUser  installmethod="sandbox"/>

## 4. Configure the Backend to Complete the Login

<FiveMinuteConfigureNodeApplication installmethod="sandbox"/>

## 5. Store the User Object In The Session

<FiveMinuteStoreUserObject />

## 6. Test the Application

<FiveMinuteTestApplication />

## 7. Logout

<FiveMinuteLogout />

## 8. Summing Up

<FiveMinuteSummingUp />

# 5 Minute Intro

import BlogButton from 'src/components/BlogButton.astro';
import FiveMinuteNextSteps from 'src/content/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/_5-minute-next-steps.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';

Welcome! At the end of this guide, you will know how to add login (sign in) and logout (sign out) to a Node.js application, using Express and Pug.

<Aside title="Jump In!">
For a quick interactive introduction to FusionAuth, check out our [Start Here](/docs/get-started/start-here) tutorial.
</Aside>

## Intro to FusionAuth

When using FusionAuth, when your user begins the authentication process, you typically send them to FusionAuth. FusionAuth authenticates them and returns them to your application with a token indicating the login was successful.

With this architecture:

* FusionAuth is the **only** system that sees confidential credentials such as passwords.
* You can add multi-factor authentication (MFA) and other security features in one place.
* Adding, removing and auditing users' application access occurs in FusionAuth.
* Pre-built functionality like registration, single sign-on, and profile management speeds application development.

FusionAuth is available both as an installable piece of software and a SaaS service, so you have options. The software functionality is the same no matter where you run it.

## Choose Your Own Adventure

One of FusionAuth's unique attributes is the variety of places you can install it. Bare metal, cloud, container: yup. Windows, macOS, Linux: sure! You can learn more about [different options in the installation guide](/docs/get-started/download-and-install). But for this guide, you'll pick one of three options.

Please choose an option below to explore FusionAuth.

<BlogButton label="Docker" href="/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/5-minute-docker" /><span class="mr-3" />
<BlogButton label="FastPath" href="/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/5-minute-fastpath" /><span class="mr-3" />
<BlogButton label="Sandbox" href="/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/5-minute-sandbox" />

* [Docker](/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/5-minute-docker) requires docker and docker compose. This is the best choice if you have docker and docker compose installed.
* [FastPath](/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/5-minute-fastpath) requires a local database (PostgreSQL or MySQL). This is the best option if you have a local MySQL or PostgreSQL database installed and want to get the full installation experience.
* [The sandbox](/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro/5-minute-sandbox), which is a public shared location, with data **regularly wiped**. This is the best choice if you don't want to install anything and are okay with other people seeing your test users, applications and data. However, this choice is the quickest way to test drive an integration with FusionAuth without installing anything.

Each of these options will end up at the same place; you'll have a functioning application with login and logout provided by FusionAuth.

Afterwards, you can dig deeper into a number of areas.

## Next Steps

<FiveMinuteNextSteps />

# Securing your APIs with FusionAuth

import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';

If you have an application which provides an HTTP API (application programming interface), you may want to protect access to it. For example, you may have an API which provides access to information about tasks. The tasks may be stored in a database, or in some other manner, but the API allows them to be queried and returns JSON over HTTP. Let's call this the **Todo API**.

Suppose you want to use FusionAuth to control access to this API. Third party applications will present credentials to the Todo API. The Todo API will verify the credentials using FusionAuth and then, depending on whether they are valid, will return the requested data or an error message. 

There could be many apps needing access to the Todo API, such as a Google Calendar Todo Syncer or a Todo Analytics program. But let's assume the first one is an application which reminds people about upcoming tasks. Call it the **Reminder App**. This app will call the Todo API and examine upcoming tasks. It will then email someone if they have any tasks due in the next day. 

## The problem

There are two parts to this conundrum. The first is creating and distributing whatever credentials the Reminder App will present to the Todo API. This credential creation will happen repeatedly, but doesn't necessarily need to be automated; it may be okay if a human generates and distributes these keys. 

The second part is validating the presented credentials. We want to ensure that the credentials presented by the Reminder App to the Todo API are not expired or otherwise incorrect. This operation will be frequent. Each time the Reminder App checks for future todos, there should be no human in the loop.

## Your options

FusionAuth offers four solutions, with different strengths and weaknesses.

* Client Credentials Grant
* OAuth + JWTs
* FusionAuth API Keys
* Authentication Tokens

Let's examine each of these in turn.

### Client Credentials Grant

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

This is the recommended approach.

<Aside type="version">
This grant has been available since 1.26.
</Aside>

With this choice, two entities are created in FusionAuth. One represents the Todo App and is the target entity. The other represents the Reminder App and is the recipient entity. It's called the recipient entity because it receives a grant to access the target entity. The Reminder App is granted permissions on the Todo App, which can be done via API or the administrative user interface.

After these are set up, the Reminder App can use the [Client Credentials grant](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/) to get credentials, which would be a JWT.

After the OAuth grant occurs, the access token is saved off. The Reminder App presents the JWT to the Todo API each time it needs access. If the JWT has expired, the Reminder App can make another Client Credentials grant request to FusionAuth to retrieve a new JWT. 

When presented with the token, the Todo API can verify it was signed by FusionAuth, possibly using JWKS to find the correct public key. It should validate the claims in the JWT, such as the expiration of the token, the issuer, and others. This processing requires no contact between the Todo API and FusionAuth.

The Todo API can alternatively call the `/oauth2/token` endpoint with the JWT to check its validity.

Strengths of this approach:

* OAuth is a standard and thus may be more familiar to developers. There are also libraries to parse and validate JWTs.
* This flow is similar to what large companies such as Facebook and Google require for access to their APIs.
* Additional information can be stored in the JWT if needed (such as roles).
* The Todo API can check credential validity without communicating with FusionAuth. This helps performance because there are fewer network calls.

Challenges of this approach:

* This functionality is not available in the Community plan.

### OAuth + JWTs

With this choice, a human being proceeds through the [Authorization Code grant](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/) in a web application, like a developer portal, to get their credentials, which would be a JWT and an optional refresh token. You'd create a FusionAuth application called "Dev Center" and grant access to this FusionAuth application for each third party program, such as the Reminder App.

After the OAuth grant occurs, the access token and refresh token are saved off. The Reminder App presents the JWT to the Todo API each time it needs access. If the JWT has expired, the Reminder App can present the refresh token to FusionAuth to retrieve a new JWT. 

When presented with the token, the Todo API can verify it was signed by FusionAuth, possibly using JWKS to find the correct public key. It should validate the claims in the JWT, such as the expiration of the token, the issuer, and others. This processing has the benefit of requiring no contact between the Todo API and FusionAuth.

The Todo API can alternatively call the `/oauth2/token` endpoint with the JWT to check its validity.

Strengths of this approach:

* OAuth is a standard and thus may be more familiar to developers. There are also libraries to parse and validate JWTs.
* This flow is similar to what large companies such as Facebook and Google require for access to their APIs.
* Additional information can be stored in the JWT if needed (such as roles).
* The Todo API can check credential validity without communicating with FusionAuth. This helps performance because there are fewer network calls.
* This is essentially a per user API key. This means you can use any of the user management tools FusionAuth provides to manage these keys, such as locking an account to temporarily deny access. However, the stateless nature of a JWT means if you wanted to be able to revoke access, the Todo API should call the `/oauth2/token` endpoint instead of reviewing the claims.
* Logins are logged and could be used for auditing purposes.

Challenges of this approach:

* The process for gathering the credentials is more complex than other options.
* A human being must be present for the initial credential grant.

### FusionAuth API Keys

Another option is to use [FusionAuth API keys](/docs/apis/authentication#managing-api-keys).

To distribute the key, you would log in to the FusionAuth admin user interface (or use the API Key API), create an API key and provide it to the Reminder App developer.

When using this approach, ensure the FusionAuth API key is narrowly scoped. You should limit the API endpoints and methods this key is authorized for, so if it is compromised, there are no negative implications beyond unauthorized access to the Todo API. A narrow scope that might work well would be to grant read-only access to a FusionAuth endpoint you never plan to use. 

Pick an endpoint that you wouldn't actually want to ever use for your testbed. For example, you could create an application called `API Test Application` and create multiple API keys with permissions against the `/api/application` endpoint.

The Reminder App would present an API key to the Todo App every time they needed access. 

To validate this credential, the Todo API would make a call against a FusionAuth `/api/application` endpoint with the key and the HTTP method with the Id of the `API Test Application`. 

If the call succeeds, the Todo API considers the Reminder App client valid and returns the requested data. If, instead, FusionAuth responds with a 401 response, the Todo API denies access.

Strengths of this approach:

* There is only one secret to distribute per client application, and distribution is straightforward. The Reminder App developers get the API key one time and it is good until revoked.
* There is no browser or user interaction required to acquire credentials.
* As of version 1.26, you can manage API keys using the [API Key API](/docs/apis/api-keys), including creating and revoking the keys.

Challenges of this approach:

* While you can control key lifetime with the API Key API, you must manage it in your own code. There's no automatic expiration.
* With this approach, the validity of a FusionAuth API key is being used for business logic. This isn't really what these API keys are designed for.
* If you want permissions beyond the five methods supported by API keys, you need to build those out and manage them yourself.
* There's no fine grained way to distinguish between different clients. They can have different API keys, but they'll all authenticate against the same API endpoint with the same five methods.

### Authentication Tokens

[Authentication tokens](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/application-authentication-tokens) and the [Login API](/docs/apis/login) are the final option.

In this case, you'd create an application called "Dev Center" and enable Authentication Tokens for it. The developers of the Reminder App would be associated with one or more users. When each user is created and registered with the "Dev Center" application, an Authentication Token would also be created. Both the token and the user's email would be distributed to the Reminder App developers.

Each time the Reminder App called the Todo API, it would present the email address and the authentication token, perhaps in an `Authorization` header. 

The Todo API would in turn call the Login API against FusionAuth with these two credentials. FusionAuth would return a [status code as documented](/docs/apis/login#authenticate-a-user); either a 200 if the program's user authenticated correctly and was registered with the "Dev Center" application, a 202 if the application authenticated correctly but was not registered, or a 404 if the credentials were invalid.

Strengths of this approach:

* There's no browser involved in acquiring credentials.
* Generation of the credentials, the email address and Authentication Token pair, can be automated.
* This is essentially a per user API key. This means you can use any of the user management tools FusionAuth provides to manage these keys, such as locking an account to temporarily deny access.
* Each user authentication is logged and the logs could be used for auditing purposes.

Challenges of this approach:

* Authentication Token generation and usage are not as secure as the OAuth grant. 
* Authentication Tokens don't expire automatically.
* You can't generate the credentials with the administrative user interface, only with the API.

## Other considerations

**Which is the best option?** 

It depends on your needs. Typically we recommend the Client Credentials grant as that is the most secure. This is the OAuth grant built for machine to machine communication. However, recognize that each approach has different strengths. 

**Can I rotate keys? That is, I'd like to have multiple credentials valid for one user (using the [OAuth + JWTs](#oauth--jwts) scenario) so that I can distribute the newer credentials over time?**

This is not currently possible. 

If you are using the [Client Credentials Grant](#client-credentials-grant) you could create multiple Entities for a given API caller and rotate their access to the API.

**Does FusionAuth handle features like billing and request throttling?**

Nope. This document outlines options to leverage FusionAuth to handle API authorization, but FusionAuth is not a full API management solution. If you need that, it is recommended to find a solution which will allow API management functionality and use FusionAuth for its authentication and authorization.

# Amazon API Gateway

import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import FrameworkIntegrationTutorialList from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_framework-integration-tutorial-list.mdx';

Amazon API Gateway is an AWS service for creating, publishing, maintaining, monitoring, and securing REST, HTTP, and WebSocket APIs at any scale. You can create APIs for AWS services or other web services.

You can configure Amazon API Gateway to handle authentication and authorization to a resource through JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) issued on behalf of a user by an identity provider.

In this document, you'll learn how to set up Amazon API Gateway and FusionAuth as the identity provider to protect a lambda function running on your AWS cloud instance.

## Prerequisites

* A FusionAuth instance running on a publicly accessible URL. You can spin up a [basic FusionAuth Cloud instance](/pricing) or [install it on any server](/docs/get-started/download-and-install). If you are not able to host FusionAuth on a public server, you can tunnel your local instance of FusionAuth through a tool like [ngrok](https://ngrok.com).
* An [AWS account](https://aws.amazon.com).

### Exposing FusionAuth Publicly

If your FusionAuth instance is already publicly available, you can skip this section. 

If you are hosting FusionAuth locally and want to expose it publicly using ngrok, you can run the following command: 

```shell title="Exposing a local FusionAuth instance through ngrok"
ngrok http 9011
```

This assumes your local FusionAuth instance is running on port 9011, which is the default for local FusionAuth installations.

Look for the `Forwarding` line in the output. It should look something like this:

```shell title="Output forwarding address from ngrok"
Forwarding    https://7817-102-218-66-2.eu.ngrok.io -> http://localhost:9011 
```

The forwarding address will be publicly accessible and you can use this to replace `<YOUR_FUSIONAUTH_URL>` in this tutorial. 

## Set Up FusionAuth

Navigate to your FusionAuth instance.

First, you need to make sure the JWT issuer setting is correct. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Your Tenant</Breadcrumb> and change the issuer to the URL of your FusionAuth instance. For example, `https://local.fusionauth.io`. Record this value, as we'll set it in the AWS Gateway API Authorizer later.

Next, you need to configure an application that will issue tokens to access the Amazon API Gateway project.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> and create a new application. Fill out the <InlineField>Name</InlineField> field, then click the <InlineUIElement>OAuth</InlineUIElement> tab.

Make sure that the <InlineField>Enabled grants</InlineField> checkboxes have the `Authorization Code` and `Refresh Token` grants enabled.

Your application should look like this.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/application-configuration.png" alt="The FusionAuth example configuration" width="1200" />

On the <Breadcrumb>JWT</Breadcrumb> tab, toggle the <InlineField>Enabled</InlineField> field and set the <InlineField>Access Token signing key</InlineField> and <InlineField>Id Token signing key</InlineField> to `Auto generate a new key on save...`

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/jwt-config.png" alt="The JWT configuration" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Click the <InlineUIElement>Save</InlineUIElement> button.

Edit the new application. You should see a value in the <InlineField>Client Id</InlineField> field. Copy it and put it in a text file. You'll use it in the [Set Up AWS API Gateway](#set-up-aws-api-gateway) step.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/application-client-id-client-secret.png" alt="Extracting the Client Id and secret" width="1200" />


## Set Up AWS API Gateway

Navigate to your [AWS Console](https://aws.amazon.com) or create an [AWS account](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/accounts/latest/reference/manage-acct-creating.html) if you haven't got one already.

Search for `API Gateway` in the top bar and click it.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/search-api-gateway.png" alt="The AWS search for API Gateway" width="1200" />

Select `Build HTTP API` from the API type list.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/build-http-api.png" alt="Choose HTTP API build" width="1200" />

Name the API. This is for your description only, so it can be anything. Then click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/name-api.png" alt="Name the HTTP API build" width="1200" />

On the <Breadcrumb>Configure Routes</Breadcrumb> page, click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement> without setting anything. We'll add the route via the lambda function we'll create in a bit.

On the <Breadcrumb>Configure Stages</Breadcrumb> page, click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>, leaving the defaults.

Finally, click <InlineUIElement>Create</InlineUIElement> on the <Breadcrumb>Review and Create</Breadcrumb> page.

A summary page for the API should appear. Copy the <InlineField>Invoke URL</InlineField> from the **$default** stage under the stages section. This will be the base URL for the API. We'll add a lambda function next, which will give us a route to call.

### Create a Lambda Function to Secure

In the main AWS search bar, search for and select `lambda`.

Click <InlineUIElement>Create function</InlineUIElement> to create a new lambda function. Name the function `privateFunction` and leave all the other options as the defaults. For the purposes of this document, the code you will add here is going to return all the user claims, but in a real-world situation, you would have business logic or functionality here. Click <InlineUIElement>Create Function</InlineUIElement> at the bottom of the page.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/name-lambda.png" alt="Name the Lambda" width="1200" />

Under the <Breadcrumb>Code</Breadcrumb> tab for the lambda, click on the "index.mjs" file and replace the contents with the following code to return the claims found in the JWT:

```javascript title="Lambda function to reflect user claims"
export const handler = async(event) => {
    const claims = event.requestContext.authorizer.claims;
    const response = {
        statusCode: 200,
        body: JSON.stringify(claims),
    };
    return response;
};
```

Then click the <InlineUIElement>Deploy</InlineUIElement> button to update the lambda.

Expand **Function overview** near the top of the page. Then click on <InlineUIElement>Add Trigger</InlineUIElement>.

Under <InlineField>Trigger Configuration</InlineField>, choose `API Gateway` as the source. select <InlineUIElement>Use an existing API</InlineUIElement> and then select the API gateway set up earlier. Select the `$default` deployment stage.

Under <InlineField>Security</InlineField>, choose `Create a JWT authorizer`.

Set <InlineField>Identity source</InlineField> to `$request.header.Authorization`.

For API Gateway <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField>, set the value to be the same URL as you set for the <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> in the FusionAuth Tenant configuration. Make sure that it is exactly the same, including trailing slashes, without any white space.

Under <InlineField>Audiences</InlineField>, paste in the `Client Id` from the FusionAuth application created earlier.

Then click the primary <InlineUIElement>Add</InlineUIElement> button at the bottom right of the screen.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/create-trigger.png" alt="Create Lambda Trigger" width="1200" />

After completing this, a new route will be added to your gateway API with the same name as the lambda: `privateFunction`. Combine the lambda function name with the "Invoke URL" value recorded earlier when setting up the API gateway to get the full URL.

Your full URL should look similar to this: `https://w3miabt10d.execute-api.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/privateFunction`.

If you call this route through a browser, Postman, or curl, you will receive a `401` HTTP status code and an `Unauthorized` message. We'll create a token next with FusionAuth to show how the route can be successfully called.

## Testing With a Token From FusionAuth

To access the secured lambda function, we'll need to get a valid token. Normally, your frontend app would use the Authorization Code grant which would redirect a user to FusionAuth to login, obtain a code, and then exchange that code for a token, using a framework of your choice. [More on the Authorization Code grant.](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/)

For the purposes of this guide, we'll call the [FusionAuth Login API](/docs/apis/login) on behalf of a user to create a token directly. This is a more straightforward means of getting a token, but the generated token will be similar with either process.

To use the Login API, there are a few settings that need to be changed on FusionAuth. In the side panel in FusionAuth, select <Breadcrumb>Settings -> API Keys</Breadcrumb>. Click the green <InlineUIElement>+</InlineUIElement> button at the top left to create a new key.

Give the key a meaningful description, like `API Gateway Key`. Select the Tenant that you created the FusionAuth application under (normally `Default`).

Then, under **Endpoints**, allow `POST` on the `/api/login` route. This key will only be allowed to call this endpoint with the `POST` method.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/login-api.png" alt="Enabling the login API" width="1200" />

Save the API key. You should now see a list of all API keys. Click on the lock icon next to the <InlineField>key</InlineField> field for the key you just created and copy the API key for later use. Make sure you get the API key value and not the API key Id.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/api-key.png" alt="Enabling the login API" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

To test, you'll need to link a FusionAuth user to your application. You can either use the existing admin user you use to log into FusionAuth or create a new isolated user. 

To link your existing user, navigate to the user list through the <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb> menu item in the sidebar. Find your user and click the <InlineUIElement>Manage</InlineUIElement> action button on the user. Click the <Breadcrumb>Registrations</Breadcrumb> tab. Click <InlineUIElement>Add registrations</InlineUIElement> and select the FusionAuth application you set up earlier.

Alternatively, to create a new user, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb> in the sidebar and click the green <InlineUIElement>+</InlineUIElement> button at the top right of the screen to create a new user. Choose the appropriate tenant (usually `default`) and fill in the information. You can choose not to send an email to set up the password but rather set it directly when creating the user by toggling the <InlineField>Send email to set up password</InlineField> switch. Record this user email and password, as we'll use it to obtain a token.

After saving the user, click the <Breadcrumb>Registrations</Breadcrumb> tab. Click <InlineUIElement>Add registrations</InlineUIElement> and select the FusionAuth application you set up earlier.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/registrations-tab.png" alt="The application registrations tab" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Using curl or Postman, make a POST request to your FusionAuth instance's `/api/login` endpoint. This will return a JWT in the response.

The curl call should look like this:

```shell title="curl command to obtain a JWT token"
curl --location --request POST 'https://<YOUR_FUSIONAUTH_URL>/api/login' \
--header 'Authorization: <API_KEY>' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data-raw '  {
    "loginId": "<USER_EMAIL>",
    "password": "<USER_PASSWORD>",
    "applicationId": "<APPLICATION_ID>",
    "noJWT" : false
  }'
```

Where:

* `<YOUR_FUSIONAUTH_URL>` is the URL of your FusionAuth installation.
* `<API_KEY>` is the API key created above, enabled for login.
* `<USER_EMAIL>` is the email address of the user added above.
* `<USER_PASSWORD>` is the password of the user added above.
* `<APPLICATION_ID>` is the Id of the FusionAuth application registered for the user.

The return response from FusionAuth should look similar to the following:

```json title="Login API Response"
{
    "token": "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCIsImtpZCI6ImhDUjA4X3daR2s0OUFlYUFmRDY5ZmJKWmRGTSJ9.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.m7gzXhNLToPNVE1p5Vo2pLgP6WBcPNfS_zZJnJ81mdEgi6-orViz-tU8j0L8wva0-8KlMdy54cq_XjnDnYJ0aX90O4ZE_QVU5NuDDfzXH14wQtKQoIIydsB6ZvQoBt8JNFUHJb9ANLCGnfn6FVQKqPIzye18Gx_7wYSVokw3eLNFyzrq9dwOD5Q8V9gvZmXV2pTokQAtA7qFaadb2dIeFlSEB7wamKiZLXILjeWAeMbbvAAMQZWFh46UJjwr06QTd8PxQmRwDWWznJy1Vs8EAgZA4vkRSWnn3IbiaCtOaL1ANuEex6il7q32ahxj0Ncm9wn0DbDsQE9NB0CCNTSIhA",
    "tokenExpirationInstant": 1673366204805,
    "user": { 
      "sampleuserdata" : "..."
    }
}
```

Copy the `token` value. This is a JWT, which we can use to access the API gateway function.

Now call the API gateway with the following curl command:

```shell title="Calling the API Gateway endpoint with the JWT"
curl --location --request GET 'https://<GATEWAY_URL>/privateFunction' \
--header 'Authorization: Bearer <JWT_TOKEN>'
```

Where:

* `<GATEWAY_URL>` is the invoke URL saved earlier.
* `<JWT_TOKEN>` is the JWT from the `/api/login` call.

You should see the function return with a reflection of the claims it received:

```json title="Return token from the API call"
{
    "applicationId":"63b73f76-7400-487d-b122-5705b848da80",
    "aud":"63b73f76-7400-487d-b122-5705b848da80",
    "auth_time":"1672137288",
    "authenticationType":"PASSWORD",
    "email":"ehrlich@piedpiper.com",
    "email_verified":"true",
    "exp":"1672140888",
    "iat":"1672137288",
    "iss":"https://local.fusionauth.io",
    "jti":"2f80b975-1870-4970-b876-90c2e7d9444b",
    "preferred_username":"erlich",
    "roles":"[]",
    "sub":"3963000f-686d-4169-b628-9c9c4534b780",
    "tid":"f004c1fe-484b-902c-d7ca-bdbc464da0b7"
 }
```

## Troubleshooting

* If you are running a local instance of FusionAuth, Amazon API Gateway will not be able to reach the key sets needed to validate the JWT. You will either need to host FusionAuth on a publicly accessible URL or proxy your local instance through a tool like [ngrok](https://ngrok.com).

* Ensure that your FusionAuth application's <InlineField>Access Token signing key</InlineField> and <InlineField>Id Token signing key</InlineField> on the application's <Breadcrumb>JWT</Breadcrumb> tab are asymmetric (RS256).

* The JWT issued by the [FusionAuth Login API](/docs/apis/login) has an expiry. If you wait too long before using it to call the Amazon API Gateway, the token will expire and the call will fail. You can resolve this by re-running the curl command to obtain a JWT token and using the new token.

## Next Steps

You can build a complete HTTP API using Amazon API Gateway, AWS Lambda, and FusionAuth without managing any servers.

You can also configure required scopes for a route and check against them before allowing a user through. Set the `scope` claim using a [JWT Populate lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/jwt-populate).

Finally, you can configure FusionAuth to ensure that the user is registered for the Amazon Gateway API application or [fire off webhooks](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/) when the user logs in.

You used the FusionAuth API to create a test token on behalf of a user. For a production system, the token will be generated after a user signs in to your application through a frontend. Check out some of the framework integration tutorials to implement that:

<FrameworkIntegrationTutorialList />

# Cloudflare Worker Functions (API Gateway)

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import FrameworkIntegrationTutorialList from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_framework-integration-tutorial-list.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

Cloudflare is a global cloud platform designed to make everything you connect to the internet secure, private, fast, and reliable. Creating an API Gateway app on Cloudflare is a great way to manage, secure, and optimize your APIs. Cloudflare offers several services that can help you achieve this, such as Cloudflare Workers, Cloudflare Gateway, and Cloudflare Load Balancing.

You can set up Cloudflare Workers to handle authentication and authorization to a resource through JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) issued to a user by an identity provider. 

This guide will show you how to set up Cloudflare Workers and use FusionAuth as the identity provider to protect a Worker function running on your Cloudflare.

Please note that there are many ways to integrate FusionAuth with Cloudflare. For this guide, we chose to use a Worker function created on the Cloudflare portal, but you can also use Wrangler, the Cloudflare Workers command-line interface (CLI). Find more info on Wrangler in the [Cloudflare documentation](https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/wrangler/).

## Prerequisites

* A FusionAuth instance running on a publicly accessible URL. You can spin up a [basic FusionAuth Cloud instance](/pricing) or [install it on any server](/docs/get-started/download-and-install). You can also tunnel to your local instance of FusionAuth through a tool like [ngrok](https://ngrok.com).
* A [Cloudflare account](https://dash.cloudflare.com/login).


## Set Up FusionAuth

First, you need to make sure the JWT issuer setting is correct for your FusionAuth instance. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Your Tenant</Breadcrumb> and change the issuer to the URL of your FusionAuth instance. For example, you can set a value like `https://local.fusionauth.io` if your FusionAuth instance is accessible at `https://local.fusionauth.io`. Note down this value, as you'll set it in the Cloudflare Worker function later.

If you are running FusionAuth locally and want to expose it publicly using ngrok, you can run the following command.

```shell
ngrok http 9011
```

This command assumes your local FusionAuth instance is running on port 9011, which is the default for local FusionAuth installations. Look for the `Forwarding` line in the output. It should look something like this:

```
Forwarding    https://7817-102-218-66-2.eu.ngrok.io -> http://localhost:9011
```

The ngrok forwarding address will be publicly accessible and you can use this URL in place of `<YOUR_FUSIONAUTH_URL>` in this guide.


Next, you need to configure an application that will issue tokens to access the Cloudflare function. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> and create a new application. Fill out the <InlineField>Name</InlineField> field and select a **Tenant** if you have more than one. Click on the <Breadcrumb>OAuth</Breadcrumb> tab and make sure that `Authorization Code` and `Refresh Token` grants are enabled under <InlineField>Enabled grants</InlineField>.

Your application should look like this.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/application-configuration.png" alt="The FusionAuth example configuration" width="1200" />

On the <Breadcrumb>JWT</Breadcrumb> tab, toggle the <InlineField>Enabled</InlineField> switch and set the <InlineField>Access Token signing key</InlineField> and <InlineField>Id Token signing key</InlineField> to `Auto generate a new key on save...`.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/jwt-config.png" alt="The JWT configuration" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Click the <InlineUIElement>Save</InlineUIElement> button to save the application.

You will be redirected to the page that lists all your applications. Click the <InlineUIElement>Edit</InlineUIElement> button next to the application you just created. Note down the <InlineField>Client Id</InlineField> value to use in the [Set Up Cloudflare](#set-up-cloudflare) step.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/application-client-id-client-secret.png" alt="Extracting the Client Id and secret" width="1200" />

For testing, you'll need to link a FusionAuth user to your application. You can either use the existing user you used to log in to FusionAuth or create a new isolated user.

To create a new user, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb> in the sidebar and click the green <InlineUIElement>+</InlineUIElement> button at the top right of the screen. Choose the appropriate tenant and fill in the <InlineField>Email</InlineField>. To set the password for the user directly without sending an email, toggle the <InlineField>Send email to set up password</InlineField> switch. Record this user email and password, as you'll use it to obtain a token.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/new-user.png" alt="Creating a new user" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Now select the <Breadcrumb>Registrations</Breadcrumb> tab. Click <InlineUIElement>Add registrations</InlineUIElement> and select the FusionAuth application you set up earlier. Alternatively, to link your existing user, navigate to the user list by selecting <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb> on the left sidebar. Find your user and click the <InlineUIElement>Manage</InlineUIElement> action button on the user. Select the <Breadcrumb>Registrations</Breadcrumb> tab. Click <InlineUIElement>Add registrations</InlineUIElement> and select the FusionAuth application you set up earlier.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/registrations-tab.png" alt="The application registrations tab" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Next, set up an API key. On the left sidebar, select <Breadcrumb>Settings -> API Keys</Breadcrumb>. Click the green <InlineUIElement>+</InlineUIElement> button at the top left to create a new key. Give the key a description, like `API Gateway Key`. Select the tenant that you created the FusionAuth application under.

Then, on <Breadcrumb>Endpoints</Breadcrumb>, allow `POST` on the `/api/login` route. This key will only be allowed to call this endpoint with the `POST` method.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/login-api.png" alt="Enabling the login API" width="1200" />

Save the API key. You should now see a list of all API keys. Click on the lock icon next to the <InlineField>key</InlineField> field for the key you just created and copy the API key for later use. Make sure you get the API key value and not the API key Id.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/api-key.png" alt="Enabling the login API" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />


## Set Up Cloudflare

Navigate to your [Cloudflare dashboard](https://dash.cloudflare.com/login) and log in or create a [Cloudflare account](https://developers.cloudflare.com/fundamentals/setup/account/create-account/) if you haven't got one already.


### Create A Cloudflare Worker Function

On the left-hand sidebar, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Workers & Pages -> Overview</Breadcrumb>. Click the <InlineUIElement>Get Started</InlineUIElement> button if you are setting up a worker for the first time, or the <InlineUIElement>Create Application</InlineUIElement> button to get to the Create Worker screen.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/cloudflare-workers-pages-overview.png" alt="Cloudflare Workers & Pages overview page" width="1200" />

Click the <InlineUIElement>Create Worker</InlineUIElement> button.

Give the worker a descriptive name (we will use `privatefunction`) and click the <InlineUIElement>Deploy</InlineUIElement> button at the bottom to deploy the function. The default script is fine for now, you will update it in the next step.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/cloudflare-workers-create-worker.png" alt="Create a Cloudflare worker" width="1200" />

Test that the deployed function is working by clicking on the preview link provided on the next page.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/cloudflare-workers-preview-worker.png" alt="Preview a Cloudflare worker" width="1200" />

A new browser tab will open containing the text "Hello world!"

Return to the Worker configuration page and click the <InlineUIElement>Edit Code</InlineUIElement> button. Replace the initial `Hello World` code with the code below to handle authorization requests to FusionAuth. Remember to update the code with your values for `fusionAuthApiKey`, `fusionAuthClientId`, and `fusionAuthUrl`.


```javascript title="Worker function to handle claims requests and validate the token"
  
// Replace with your FusionAuth values
const fusionAuthApiKey = '<fusionAuthApiKey>';
const fusionAuthClientId = '<fusionAuthClientId>';
const fusionAuthUrl = '<fusionAuthUrl>';

addEventListener("fetch", (event) => {
  event.respondWith(handleRequest(event.request));
});

async function handleRequest(request) {
  const { pathname } = new URL(request.url);

  // Check if the request is for the /api/claims endpoint
  if (pathname === "/api/claims") {
    let authToken = request.headers.get("Authorization");
    if (authToken && authToken.startsWith("Bearer ")) {
      authToken = authToken.slice(7);
    }
    // Verify the authentication token
    const verificationResponse = await verifyAuthToken(authToken);
    if (verificationResponse.active === true) {
      // Call your Worker API function and pass the claims
      return handleClaimsAPI(verificationResponse);
    } else {
      return new Response("Unauthorized", { status: 401 });
    }
  } else {
    return new Response("Not found", { status: 404 });
  }
}

async function verifyAuthToken(authToken) {
  const url = `${fusionAuthUrl}/oauth2/introspect`;
  const options = {
    method: "POST",
    headers: {
      Authorization: `Bearer ${fusionAuthApiKey}`,
      "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
    },
    body: `token=${authToken}&client_id=${fusionAuthClientId}`,
  };

  try {
    const response = await fetch(url, options);
    if (!response.ok) {
      return { error: "Invalid response" };
    }
    return await response.json();
  } catch (error) {
    console.error("Error making fetch request:", error);
    return { error: "Invalid JSON response" };
  }
}

async function handleClaimsAPI(claims) {
  // Your Worker API function logic
  const response = {
    statusCode: 200,
    body: JSON.stringify(claims),
  };
  return new Response(response.body, { status: response.statusCode });
}
```

This Cloudflare Worker function code sets up an API gateway that integrates with FusionAuth for authentication and authorization. The API gateway accepts requests to the `/api/claims` endpoint. It verifies the authentication token using the FusionAuth API and, if it is valid, passes the claims to the `handleClaimsAPI` function, which represents the logic for your API endpoint.

- The `fusionAuthApiKey`, `fusionAuthClientId`, and `fusionAuthUrl` values are used to communicate and authenticate with your FusionAuth instance. Replace the values with the values you noted when setting up FusionAuth earlier.
- The `addEventListener` function is used to listen for incoming requests and pass them to the `handleRequest` function.
- The `handleRequest` function is the main entry point for handling incoming requests.
  - It checks if the request path matches `/api/claims`. If the path matches, it extracts the authentication token from the request headers.
  - It calls the `verifyAuthToken` function to verify the authentication token with the FusionAuth API.
  - If the token is valid `(verificationResponse.active === true)`, it calls the `handleClaimsAPI` function, passing the response claims as an argument.
  - If the token is invalid, it returns an "Unauthorized" response with a 401 status code.
  - If the request path doesn't match `/api/claims`, it returns a "Not found" response with a 404 status code.
- The `verifyAuthToken` function is responsible for verifying the authentication token with the FusionAuth API.
  - It constructs the request options, including the FusionAuth API key, client Id, and the authentication token.
  - It sends a POST request to the FusionAuth introspection endpoint `/oauth2/introspect` with the request options.
  - If the response is valid JSON, it returns the parsed JSON data.
  - If the response is not valid JSON, it returns an error object.
- The `handleClaimsAPI` function represents the logic for your API endpoint.
  - It receives the claims from the verified authentication token.
  - In this example, it constructs a response object with a 200 status code and the claims as the response body.
  - It returns a new `Response` object with the response body and status code.

When you have entered the code, click the <InlineUIElement>Deploy</InlineUIElement> button on the top right to redeploy the function. A new route will be available and the full URL to the claims endpoint should look something like `https://privatefunction.<username>.workers.dev/api/claims`.

If you make a request to this route through a browser, Postman, or curl, you will receive a `401` HTTP status code and an `Unauthorized` message. We'll create a token next with FusionAuth to show how the route can be successfully called.

Call the API gateway with the following curl command to test, replacing `<PUBLIC_WORKER_URL>` with your Worker URL, which should look like `https://privatefunction.<username>.workers.dev/api/claims`.

```shell title="Calling the API Gateway endpoint "
curl --location --request GET '<PUBLIC_WORKER_URL>'
```

You should get an `Unauthorized` response.


### Testing With A Token From FusionAuth

To access the secured Worker function, you'll need to get a valid token. Normally, your frontend app would use the Authorization Code Grant flow, which redirects a user to FusionAuth to log in, obtains a code, and then exchanges that code for a token, using a framework of your choice. [More on the Authorization Code grant](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/).

For this guide, we'll call the [FusionAuth Login API](/docs/apis/login) on behalf of a user to create a token directly. This is a more straightforward means of getting a token, but the generated token will be similar with either process.

Using curl or Postman, make a POST request to your FusionAuth instance's `/api/login` endpoint. This will return a JWT in the response.

```shell title="curl command to obtain a JWT token"
curl --location --request POST '<YOUR_FUSIONAUTH_URL>/api/login' \
--header 'Authorization: <API_KEY>' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data-raw '  {
    "loginId": "<USER_EMAIL>",
    "password": "<USER_PASSWORD>",
    "applicationId": "<APPLICATION_ID>",
    "noJWT" : false
  }'
```

Replace the following values with the values you noted in the [Set Up FusionAuth](#set-up-fusionauth) section.

* `<YOUR_FUSIONAUTH_URL>` is the URL of your FusionAuth installation.
* `<API_KEY>` is the API key created earlier, enabled for login.
* `<USER_EMAIL>` is the email address of the user added earlier.
* `<USER_PASSWORD>` is the password of the user added earlier.
* `<APPLICATION_ID>` is the client Id of the FusionAuth application registered for the user.

The response from FusionAuth should look similar to the following.

```json title="FusionAuth Login API Response"
{
    "token": "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCIsImtpZCI6ImhDUjA4X3daR2s0OUFlYUFmRDY5ZmJKWmRGTSJ9.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.m7gzXhNLToPNVE1p5Vo2pLgP6WBcPNfS_zZJnJ81mdEgi6-orViz-tU8j0L8wva0-8KlMdy54cq_XjnDnYJ0aX90O4ZE_QVU5NuDDfzXH14wQtKQoIIydsB6ZvQoBt8JNFUHJb9ANLCGnfn6FVQKqPIzye18Gx_7wYSVokw3eLNFyzrq9dwOD5Q8V9gvZmXV2pTokQAtA7qFaadb2dIeFlSEB7wamKiZLXILjeWAeMbbvAAMQZWFh46UJjwr06QTd8PxQmRwDWWznJy1Vs8EAgZA4vkRSWnn3IbiaCtOaL1ANuEex6il7q32ahxj0Ncm9wn0DbDsQE9NB0CCNTSIhA",
    "tokenExpirationInstant": 1673366204805,
    "user": { 
      "sampleuserdata" : "..."
    }
}
```

Copy the `token` value. This is a JWT, which we can use to access the API gateway function.

Now call the API gateway with the following curl command:

```shell
curl --location --request GET '<PUBLIC_WORKER_URL>' \
--header 'Authorization: Bearer <JWT_TOKEN>'
```

* `<PUBLIC_WORKER_URL>` is the invoke URL for the claims endpoint saved earlier, for example, `https://privatefunction.<username>.workers.dev/api/claims`.
* `<JWT_TOKEN>` is the JWT from the `/api/login` call.

You should see the function return with a reflection of the claims it received.

```json
{
  "active":true,
  "applicationId":"18740210-b386-4679-a626-a84d9abdb8dd",
  "aud":"18740210-b386-4679-a626-a84d9abdb8dd",
  "auth_time":1716133402,
  "authenticationType":  "PASSWORD",
  "email":"richard@example.com",
  "email_verified":true,
  "exp":1716137002,
  "iat":1716133402,
  "iss":"https://local.fusionauth.io",
  "jti":"64d7e970-d0ff-4bbc-82b4-adc80413818e",
  "preferred_username":"richard",
  "roles":[],
  "sub":"588155c8-b1df-4fb6-8c40-5f431e770644",
  "tid":"31f7e6b3-9c71-4a7f-b1e2-45be0d7067d8"
}
```

## Troubleshooting

* If you are running a local instance of FusionAuth, the Cloudflare Worker will not be able to reach the key sets needed to validate the JWT. You will either need to host FusionAuth on a publicly accessible URL or proxy your local instance through a tool like [ngrok](https://ngrok.com).
* Ensure that the generated FusionAuth application's <InlineField>Access Token signing key</InlineField> and <InlineField>Id Token signing key</InlineField> on the application's <Breadcrumb>JWT</Breadcrumb> tab are asymmetric (RS256).
* The JWT issued by the [FusionAuth Login API](/docs/apis/login) has an expiry. If you wait too long before using it to call the Cloudflare Worker, the token will expire and the call will fail. You can resolve this by rerunning the curl command to obtain a new JWT token and then use the new token.

## Next Steps

You can build a complete HTTP API using Cloudflare Workers, Cloudflare Gateway, Cloudflare Load Balancing, and FusionAuth without managing any servers.

### Custom Domain

To use a custom domain for your API (for example, `api.yourdomain.com`), set up a DNS record in the Cloudflare dashboard pointing your subdomain to `your-workers-subdomain.workers.dev`.

### Configure Routes

Set up routes to associate your Worker with your domain or subdomains. For example, you can route `https://api.yourdomain.com/*` to your Worker.

Configure custom domains and routes in the Trigger section of the Settings tab for your Worker. Note that these options are only available if you have a domain set up in the Cloudflare environment. New domains may take some time to propagate. 

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/cloudflare-workers-add-route.png" alt="" width="1200" />

### Secure Your API With Cloudflare Gateway

- Go to the Zero Trust dashboard in Cloudflare to set up security policies for your API.
- Define policies to restrict access to your API, such as IP filtering, token-based access, or integrating with certain identity providers for alternative web login methods. FusionAuth is not an option here, but it can manually be added as a login provider using OpenID connect as an alternative solution.

Finally, you can configure FusionAuth to ensure that the user is registered for the Cloudflare application or [fire off webhooks](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/) when the user logs in.

You used the FusionAuth API to create a test token on behalf of a user. For a production system, the token will be generated after a user signs in to your application through a frontend. Check out some of the framework integration tutorials to implement that:

<FrameworkIntegrationTutorialList />

# HAProxy API Gateway

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import FrameworkIntegrationTutorialList from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_framework-integration-tutorial-list.mdx';

[HAProxy](https://www.haproxy.com) is a popular load balancer that can also be used as an [API Gateway](https://www.haproxy.com/blog/using-haproxy-as-an-api-gateway-part-1/).

You can configure HAProxy to handle authorization to services through JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) issued on behalf of a user authenticated by an identity provider.

In this document, you'll learn how to set up HAProxy with FusionAuth as the identity provider to protect an HTTP service using JWTs.

## Prerequisites

* A FusionAuth instance running on a publicly accessible URL. You can spin up a [basic FusionAuth Cloud instance](/pricing) or [install it on any server](/docs/get-started/download-and-install).
* An HAProxy instance routed to an HTTP service. You can follow [this guide](https://www.haproxy.com/blog/how-to-run-haproxy-with-docker/) to get a simple example running on Docker.

<Aside type="note">
When creating your HAProxy container, be sure to use `haproxytech/haproxy-alpine:latest`, not `haproxytech/haproxy-alpine:2.4` as the guide instructs. Version 2.4 does not support the full set of JWT features needed in this tutorial.
If you have trouble getting the `haproxy` container from the guide to start, make sure your `haproxy.cfg` file ends with a newline. Even a white space character on the last line will prevent the container from running.
</Aside>


## FusionAuth Configuration

Navigate to your FusionAuth instance.

First, you need to make sure that the JWT issuer setting is correct. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Your Tenant</Breadcrumb> and change the <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> field to the URL of your FusionAuth instance, for example, `https://local.fusionauth.io`. Record this value, because you will use it later when generating the JWT. It will be referred to as `<YOUR_FUSIONAUTH_URL>`.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/haproxy-tenant-issuer.png" alt="Tenant issuer" width="1200px" />

Next, you need to configure a FusionAuth application to issue tokens to access the HAProxy services.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> and create a new application. Fill out the <InlineField>Name</InlineField> field, then click the <Breadcrumb>JWT</Breadcrumb> tab and toggle the <InlineField>Enabled</InlineField> switch. Select <InlineUIElement>Auto generate a new key on save...</InlineUIElement> for the <InlineField>Access Token signing key</InlineField> and <InlineField>Id token signing key</InlineField> fields. This will generate an RS256 asymmetric key pair specifically for this application.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/haproxy-application-jwt-settings.png" alt="Application JWT settings" width="1200px" />

Click the <InlineUIElement>Save</InlineUIElement> button.

After saving the new application, find it in the list of applications and click the <InlineUIElement>View</InlineUIElement> button next to it (look for the green magnifying glass). Here you will find the application <InlineField>Id</InlineField>. Record this value, as you will need it further on. It will be referred to later as `<YOUR_APPLICATION_ID>`.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/haproxy-application-id.png" alt="Application id" width="1200px" role="bottom-cropped" />

Now, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Key Master</Breadcrumb>. You will see the access key that you've just created in this list. By default, it has the name `Access token signing key generated for application <NAME_OF_APPLICATION>`. View this key and copy the entire contents of the <InlineField>PEM encoded</InlineField> field under the <InlineUIElement>Public Key</InlineUIElement> section. Create a file called `pubkey.pem` in the same directory as you placed the `haproxy.cfg` file while setting up HAProxy with the public key you copied. Remember this filename, as you will supply it to the HAProxy configuration file later.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/haproxy-public-key.png" alt="Record the public key for later use" width="1200px" />

You will use FusionAuth's API to generate a test JWT for your application. However, in a real-world application, the user or service would get the JWT through an OAuth grant. In the case of a user, the appropriate grant is the Authorization Code grant, and for a service, the Client Credentials grant. To make this example simpler, you'll use the Login API to get the JWT. To do this, you need an API key with POST access to the `/api/login` endpoint. Go to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> API Keys</Breadcrumb> to add the key. Make sure the appropriate tenant is selected in the <InlineField>Tenant</InlineField> field.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/haproxy-api-key-permissions.png" alt="API key with post access to /api/login" width="1200px" />

After saving the API key, you can view the key in the list of API keys. Make a note of the value of the <InlineField>Key</InlineField> field. You will need to click the red padlock icon next to the key to reveal the value.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/haproxy-api-key-value.png" alt="Contents of API key" width="1200px" role="bottom-cropped" />

Finally, make sure there is at least one user registered to your application so that you can test with a JWT issued for that user. You can create a new user by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Users -> Add user</Breadcrumb>. Toggle the <InlineField>Send email to set up password</InlineField> switch to `disabled` and manually enter a password in the <InlineField>Password</InlineField> field.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/haproxy-create-user.png" alt="Create user with email and password" width="1200px" role="bottom-cropped" />

After saving this user, click <InlineUIElement>Manage</InlineUIElement> and go to the <Breadcrumb>Registrations</Breadcrumb> tab. Click <InlineUIElement>Add Registration</InlineUIElement> to register the user to your application.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/haproxy-user-registration.png" alt="Register user to HAProxy application" width="1200px" />

## Configure HAProxy

After following the HAProxy quickstart guide noted earlier, you can execute the following command in the terminal:

```shell title="Test HAProxy setup"
curl -X GET -I http://localhost:80
```

If you have correctly set up HAProxy, this command will return `HTTP/1.1 200 OK`, indicating a successful connection to the service.

Now you can restrict access to the service by requiring a JWT. To do this, add the following lines to the `frontend myfrontend` section of your `haproxy.cfg` file. More information on this can be found [here](https://www.haproxy.com/blog/verify-oauth-jwt-tokens-with-haproxy/#configure-haproxy-for-jwts).

```ini title="Add JWT requirement to HAProxy configuration file"
  http-request deny content-type 'text/html' string 'Missing Authorization HTTP header' unless { req.hdr(authorization) -m found }

  # get header part of the JWT
  http-request set-var(txn.alg) http_auth_bearer,jwt_header_query('$.alg')
  http-request set-var(txn.iss) http_auth_bearer,jwt_payload_query('$.iss')
  http-request set-var(txn.aud) http_auth_bearer,jwt_payload_query('$.aud')

  # get payload part of the JWT
  http-request set-var(txn.exp) http_auth_bearer,jwt_payload_query('$.exp','int')

  # Validate the JWT
  http-request deny content-type 'text/html' string 'Unsupported JWT signing algorithm'  unless { var(txn.alg) -m str RS256 }
  http-request deny content-type 'text/html' string 'Invalid JWT issuer'  unless { var(txn.iss) -m str <YOUR_FUSIONAUTH_URL> }
  http-request deny content-type 'text/html' string 'Invalid JWT audience'  unless { var(txn.aud) -m str <YOUR_APPLICATION_ID> }
  http-request deny content-type 'text/html' string 'Invalid JWT signature'  unless { http_auth_bearer,jwt_verify(txn.alg,"/etc/haproxy/pubkey.pem") -m int 1 }

  http-request set-var(txn.now) date()
  http-request deny content-type 'text/html' string 'JWT has expired' if { var(txn.exp),sub(txn.now) -m int le 0 }

```

In the `Invalid JWT issuer` and `Invalid JWT audience` lines above, the placeholder values `<YOUR_FUSIONAUTH_URL>` and `<YOUR_APPLICATION_ID>` will need to be updated with the appropriate values from the previous section. `<YOUR_FUSIONAUTH_URL>` is the fully-qualified URL from the <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> field in your <Breadcrumb>Tenant</Breadcrumb> configuration and `<YOUR_APPLICATION_ID>` is the UUID that identifies your FusionAuth application.

Note that your configuration file will look slightly different from the one in HAProxy's documentation linked above. You only need to import the lines necessary for proper JWT authentication. For example, you do not need to bind to port 443 or set up an SSL certificate, although it is good practice to do so in a production environment. More information on this can be found [here](https://www.haproxy.com/blog/haproxy-ssl-termination/).

Restart HAProxy by running the following:

```shell title="Restart the HAProxy load balancer"
sudo docker kill -s HUP haproxy
```

At this point, the service is inaccessible without a token. To confirm this, you can execute:

```shell title="Test that service is inaccessible without JWT"
curl -X GET -I http://localhost:80
```

This will return `HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden`. You can also omit the `-I` option to see the error message that you supplied above, namely `Missing Authorization HTTP header`.

## Accessing the Service with a JWT

You can now generate a test JWT to access your HAProxy service using FusionAuth's login API. Execute the following command in your terminal:

```shell title="Get JWT token from FusionAuth"
curl --location --request POST '<YOUR_FUSIONAUTH_URL>/api/login' \
--header 'Authorization: <API_KEY>' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data-raw '  {
    "loginId": "<USER_EMAIL>",
    "password": "<USER_PASSWORD>",
    "applicationId": "<APPLICATION_ID>",
    "noJWT" : false
  }'
```

Here, `<YOUR_FUSIONAUTH_URL>` is the <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> name, and `<API_KEY>` is the key you noted when setting it up on the <Breadcrumb>Settings -> API Keys</Breadcrumb> page.

For `<APPLICATION_ID>`, use the Id of your FusionAuth application, noted when setting up the application.

The values for `<USER_EMAIL>` and `<USER_PASSWORD>` are the <InlineField>Username</InlineField> and <InlineField>Password</InlineField> of the test user that you registered to that application.

The returned response from FusionAuth should look similar to the following:

```json title="Token response from API call"
{
    "token": "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCIsImtpZCI6ImhDUjA4X3daR2s0OUFlYUFmRDY5ZmJKWmRGTSJ9.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.m7gzXhNLToPNVE1p5Vo2pLgP6WBcPNfS_zZJnJ81mdEgi6-orViz-tU8j0L8wva0-8KlMdy54cq_XjnDnYJ0aX90O4ZE_QVU5NuDDfzXH14wQtKQoIIydsB6ZvQoBt8JNFUHJb9ANLCGnfn6FVQKqPIzye18Gx_7wYSVokw3eLNFyzrq9dwOD5Q8V9gvZmXV2pTokQAtA7qFaadb2dIeFlSEB7wamKiZLXILjeWAeMbbvAAMQZWFh46UJjwr06QTd8PxQmRwDWWznJy1Vs8EAgZA4vkRSWnn3IbiaCtOaL1ANuEex6il7q32ahxj0Ncm9wn0DbDsQE9NB0CCNTSIhA",
    "tokenExpirationInstant": 1673366204805,
    "user": {
        "sampleuserdata" : "..."
    }
}
```

Copy the <InlineField>token</InlineField> value. You can now gain access to your HAProxy service by passing this value as a bearer token.

```shell title="Gain access with JWT"
curl -I http://localhost:80 \
-H 'Authorization: Bearer <TOKEN>'
```

Here, `TOKEN` is the value of the JWT that you copied from the `/api/login` call.

This command should return `HTTP/1.1 200 OK`, indicating successful authorization to the HAProxy service.

## Troubleshooting

* The JWT issued by the FusionAuth Login API has an expiration date. If you wait too long before using it to call the HAProxy service, the token will expire and the call will fail. You can resolve this by rerunning the curl command to obtain another JWT token and use the new token.

* The issuer URL set in the <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> field from <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Your Tenant</Breadcrumb> must exactly match the `<YOUR_FUSIONAUTH_URL>` value in the `haproxy.cfg` file. If the values do not match exactly, including any white space and slashes, the JWT token will not be accepted by HAProxy.

## Next Steps

You've learned how to enable JWT authorization on an HAProxy service. In a production application, using HAProxy and the JWT plugin is useful to secure the backend services of the application. This way, each service does not need to handle authorization or authentication. Instead, authentication and authorization are handled by FusionAuth and HAProxy.

You used the FusionAuth API to create a test token on behalf of a user. For a production system, the token will be generated after a user signs in to your application through a frontend. Check out some of the framework integration tutorials to implement that:

<FrameworkIntegrationTutorialList />

# API Gateways

import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

FusionAuth is an OIDC and OAuth server, which means it integrates with a variety of third party systems out of the box. One of those systems is an API gateway. It is a common architectural pattern to have an authentication system generate a token which is then presented to other services. These services can sit behind an API Gateway, which offers throttling, billing and checks for authenticated requests.

## General Integration Guidance

In general, you'll want to do the following to perform an API gateway integration using OIDC.

In FusionAuth:

* Create an Application in FusionAuth.
* Record the <InlineField>Client Id</InlineField> and the <InlineField>Client Secret</InlineField>.
* Provide the <InlineField>Client Id</InlineField> and the <InlineField>Client Secret</InlineField> to the web application which will complete the Authorization Code grant. This may be the API gateway or a custom application.
* Add the configured redirect URL to the <InlineField>Authorized redirect URLs</InlineField> field. This may be the API gateway or a custom application.

You typically need to ensure that FusionAuth is signing the JWT with an asymmetric key. Do that by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Key Master</Breadcrumb> to create or import the key pair. Then configure the Application to use the key by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Your Application -> JWT</Breadcrumb>.

In the API gateway:

* Provide the URL for FusionAuth, often called the `issuer`.
* Configure the API gateway with the client Id, and sometimes the secret, from the Application.
* Configure which claims of the JWT the API gateway should inspect.
* Add routes in the API gateway to forward requests to services.

If the API gateway does not support token exchange, but instead expects a token:

* Create a web application which can receive the one-time Authorization Code and exchange it for an access token. Provide this web application with the client secret.
* Have the web application securely provide the client the token.

After this is configured, when the user tries to access a service, they'll be prompted to login. After they successfully do so, the API gateway will examine the token and allow access if applicable.

FusionAuth also supports SAML integrations. Learn more about [how FusionAuth can act as a SAML IdP](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/saml).

## Sample Architecture

Here's a sequence diagram with an example API gateway protecting two services.

```mermaid title="API gateway sample architecture."
sequenceDiagram

participant u as User
participant f as FusionAuth
participant te as Token Exchanger
participant ag as API Gateway
participant sa as Service A
participant sb as Service B

u ->> ag : Requests Service A
ag ->> ag : Token validation failure (it doesn't exist)
ag -->> u  : Sends redirect to FusionAuth
u ->> f  : Authenticates
f ->> f  : Verifies credentials
f -->> u : Redirects user to exchanger
u ->> te : Requests token
te -->> u : Issues token
u ->> ag : Requests Service A and presents token
ag ->> ag : Validates token 
ag ->> sa : Forwards request for Service A
sa -->> ag : Data from Service A
ag -->> u : Data
u ->> ag : Requests Service B and presents token
ag ->> ag : Validates token 
ag ->> sb : Forwards request for Service B
sb -->> ag : Data
ag -->> u : Data from Service B
```

## Token Location

The location of the token in the request is typically in one of two places:

* The `Authorization` header
* A secure, `HttpOnly` cookie

The former is compatible with a variety of API gateways and open source libraries.

The latter is more secure when used for browser based clients such as SPAs, since JavaScript doesn't have access to the token. It is also compatible with the [Hosted Backend APIs](/docs/apis/hosted-backend), which use FusionAuth to perform the token exchange.

## Example Integrations

Here are some example API gateway integrations.

* [Amazon API Gateway](/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/aws-api-gateway)
* [HAProxy](/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/haproxy-api-gateway)
* [Hasura](https://hasura.io/learn/graphql/hasura-authentication/integrations/fusion-auth/) (external documentation)
* [Kong Gateway](/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/kong-gateway)
* [ngrok Cloud Edge](/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/ngrok-cloud-edge)

# Kong Gateway

import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import FrameworkIntegrationTutorialList from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_framework-integration-tutorial-list.mdx';

Kong Gateway is an API management tool that allows you to connect client API calls to the appropriate services.

You can configure Kong Gateway to handle authorization to the services through JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) issued on behalf of a user authenticated by an identity provider.

In this document, you'll learn how to set up Kong Gateway with FusionAuth as the identity provider to protect a simple HTTP service.

## Prerequisites

* A FusionAuth instance running on a publicly accessible URL. You can spin up a [basic FusionAuth Cloud instance](/pricing) or [install it on any server](/docs/get-started/download-and-install).
* A Kong Gateway instance with service routes. You can follow the Kong quickstart guide at [to set up Kong locally](https://docs.konghq.com/gateway/3.1.x/get-started/). You should complete both the [Get Kong](https://docs.konghq.com/gateway/3.1.x/get-started/) and [Services and Routes](https://docs.konghq.com/gateway/3.1.x/get-started/services-and-routes/) sections.
** Note: If the terminal seems to hang after outputting `Debugging info logged to 'kong-quickstart.log'`, it may be having trouble connecting to Docker. Try [resetting Docker to factory defaults](https://www.kindacode.com/article/how-to-reset-docker-desktop/) to solve this issue.

## Restrict Access to your Kong Gateway Service

After following the Kong Quickstart Guide above, you can execute the following command in the terminal.

```shell title="Curl to test Kong setup"
curl -I http://localhost:8000/mock/requests
```

If you have correctly set up Kong Gateway, this command will return `HTTP/1.1 200 OK`, indicating a successful connection to the service.

Now, you can restrict access to the service by requiring a JWT. To do this, add a [JWT plugin](https://docs.konghq.com/hub/kong-inc/jwt/) to the Kong service with the following command. We assume the service name is "example_service", as in the Kong Get Started guide.

```shell title="Restricting access with JWT"
curl -X POST http://localhost:8001/services/example_service/plugins \
    --data "name=jwt"
```

At this point, the service is inaccessible without a token. To confirm this, you can execute:

```shell title="Curl to test Kong setup after restricting access"
curl -I http://localhost:8000/mock/requests
```

This time, the command will return `HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized`.

## Set Up FusionAuth

Navigate to your FusionAuth instance.

First, you need to make sure the JWT issuer setting is correct. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Your Tenant</Breadcrumb> and change the <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> field to the URL of your FusionAuth instance, for example, `https://local.fusionauth.io`. Record this value, because you will use it later when generating the JWT.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/kong-gateway-tenant-issuer.png" alt="Tenant issuer" width="1200" />

Next, you need to configure an application that will issue tokens to access the Kong Gateway service.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> and create a new application. Fill out the <InlineField>Name</InlineField> field, then click the <Breadcrumb>JWT</Breadcrumb> tab and toggle the <InlineField>Enabled</InlineField> switch. Select <InlineUIElement>Auto generate a new key on save...</InlineUIElement> for the <InlineField>Access Token signing key</InlineField> field. This will generate an RS256 asymmetric key pair specifically for this application.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/kong-gateway-fusionauth-jwt-settings.png" alt="FusionAuth application JWT settings" width="1200" />

Click the <InlineUIElement>Save</InlineUIElement> button.

After saving the application, find the application in the list of applications and click <InlineUIElement>View</InlineUIElement> next to the application you just created. Here you will find the application <InlineField>Id</InlineField>. Note this value, as we will refer to it later as `APPLICATION_ID`.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/kong-gateway-application-id.png" alt="FusionAuth Application Id"  width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Now, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Key Master</Breadcrumb>. You will see the access key that you've just created in this list. By default, it has the name `Access token signing key generated for application <NAME_OF_APPLICATION>`. View the key and copy the entire contents of the <InlineField>PEM encoded</InlineField> field under the <InlineUIElement>Public Key</InlineUIElement> section into a file in your current working directory. Name the file something like `public.pem`.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/kong-gateway-public-key.png" alt="FusionAuth Public Key for Access Token" width="1200" />

<Aside type="note">
Why not use JWKS, which FusionAuth supports, to retrieve the public key?

Unfortunately, [JWKS is not supported by the JWT Kong plugin](https://github.com/Kong/kong/issues/8381#issuecomment-1035441828).
</Aside>

You will use FusionAuth's API to generate a test JWT for your application.

In a real-world application, the user or service would get the JWT through an OAuth grant. In the case of a user, the appropriate grant is the [Authorization Code grant](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/#example-authorization-code-grant), and for a service, the [Client Credentials grant](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/#example-client-credentials-grant).

To make this example simpler, you'll use the Login API to get the JWT. To do this, you need an API key with POST access to the `/api/login` endpoint. Go to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> API Keys</Breadcrumb> to add the key. Make sure the appropriate tenant is selected in the <InlineField>Tenant</InlineField> field.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/kong-gateway-api-key-setup.png" alt="FusionAuth API Key setup"  width="1200" />

After saving the API key, you can view the key in the list of API keys. Make a note of the value of the <InlineField>Key</InlineField> field, as it will be used later. You will need to click the red padlock icon next to the key to reveal the value.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/kong-gateway-api-key.png" alt="FusionAuth API Key setup"  width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Finally, make sure there is at least one user registered to your application so that you can test with a JWT issued for that user. You can create a new user by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Users -> Add user</Breadcrumb>. Toggle the <InlineField>Send email to set up password</InlineField> switch to off and manually enter a password in the <InlineField>Password</InlineField> field.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/kong-gateway-create-user.png" alt="FusionAuth User Creation"  width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

After saving this user, click <InlineUIElement>Manage</InlineUIElement> and go to the <Breadcrumb>Registrations</Breadcrumb> tab. Click <InlineUIElement>Add Registration</InlineUIElement> to register the user to your application.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/kong-gateway-user-registration.png" alt="FusionAuth User Registration"  width="1200" />

## Add a Consumer in Kong Gateway

Now that FusionAuth has all the requisite information to create a JWT, you can configure your Kong Gateway and JWT plugin to provide access based on valid tokens created by FusionAuth.

Execute the following command in your terminal to add a consumer to Kong.

```shell title="Creating a consumer"
curl -i -X POST http://localhost:8001/consumers \
  --data "username=fusionauth"
```

This command creates a Kong consumer with the username `fusionauth`. This consumer will be linked to credentials that you supply to it, namely the <InlineField>Public key</InlineField> and <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> name from FusionAuth. This consumer uses the information provided to verify any JWT used to access the service. You can enable this with the following command:

```shell title="Create credentials for the consumer"
curl -i -X POST http://localhost:8001/consumers/<CONSUMER_USERNAME>/jwt \
  -F "algorithm=RS256" \
  -F "rsa_public_key=@./<PUBLIC_KEY_FILENAME>" \
  -F "key=<YOUR_FUSIONAUTH_URL>"
```

Here, `<YOUR_FUSIONAUTH_URL>` should exactly match the <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> field from <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Your Tenant</Breadcrumb>, `<CONSUMER_USERNAME>` should match the <InlineField>username</InlineField> that you supplied to the consumer in the prior step, and `<PUBLIC_KEY_FILENAME>` should match the name of the file that you saved the public key to, from the <Breadcrumb>Key Master</Breadcrumb> page.

Using the example values from this guide, the command would be:

```shell title="Supply key to consumer with example values"
curl -i -X POST http://localhost:8001/consumers/fusionauth/jwt \
  -F "algorithm=RS256" \
  -F "rsa_public_key=@./public.pem" \
  -F "key=https://local.fusionauth.io"
```

## Creating and Using the Service with a JWT

You can now generate a test JWT to access your Kong Gateway service using FusionAuth's login API. Execute the following command in your terminal.

```shell title="Get JWT token from FusionAuth"
curl --location --request POST '<YOUR_FUSIONAUTH_URL>/api/login' \
--header 'Authorization: <API_KEY>' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data-raw '  {
    "loginId": "<USER_EMAIL>",
    "password": "<USER_PASSWORD>",
    "applicationId": "<APPLICATION_ID>",
    "noJWT" : false
  }'
```

Here, `<YOUR_FUSIONAUTH_URL>` is the <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> name, and `<API_KEY>` is the key you noted when setting it up on the <Breadcrumb>Settings -> API Keys</Breadcrumb> page.

For `<APPLICATION_ID>`, use the Id of your FusionAuth application, noted when setting up the application.

The values for `<USER_EMAIL>` and `<USER_PASSWORD>` are the username and password of the test user that you registered to that application.

Using the example values from this guide, the command would be:

```shell title="Get JWT token from FusionAuth with example values"
curl --location --request POST 'https://local.fusionauth.io/api/login' \
--header 'Authorization: cQoB7kVu9h4lI8cCMzjfeOyZFevj_suDRDKnVzh1SK1aPSlvzjyNIVnh' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data-raw '  {
    "loginId": "richard@example.com",
    "password": "password",
    "applicationId": "6245b444-bd51-4be2-9260-7dc825adbcb6",
    "noJWT" : false
  }'
```

The return response from FusionAuth should look similar to the following:

```json title="Token response from API call"
{
    "token": "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCIsImtpZCI6ImhDUjA4X3daR2s0OUFlYUFmRDY5ZmJKWmRGTSJ9.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.m7gzXhNLToPNVE1p5Vo2pLgP6WBcPNfS_zZJnJ81mdEgi6-orViz-tU8j0L8wva0-8KlMdy54cq_XjnDnYJ0aX90O4ZE_QVU5NuDDfzXH14wQtKQoIIydsB6ZvQoBt8JNFUHJb9ANLCGnfn6FVQKqPIzye18Gx_7wYSVokw3eLNFyzrq9dwOD5Q8V9gvZmXV2pTokQAtA7qFaadb2dIeFlSEB7wamKiZLXILjeWAeMbbvAAMQZWFh46UJjwr06QTd8PxQmRwDWWznJy1Vs8EAgZA4vkRSWnn3IbiaCtOaL1ANuEex6il7q32ahxj0Ncm9wn0DbDsQE9NB0CCNTSIhA",
    "tokenExpirationInstant": 1673366204805,
    "user": {
        "sampleuserdata" : "..."
    }
}
```

Copy the <InlineField>token</InlineField> value. You can now gain access to your Kong Gateway service by passing this value as a bearer token.

```shell title="Gain access with JWT"
curl -I http://localhost:8000/mock/requests \
-H 'Authorization: Bearer <TOKEN>'
```

Where `<TOKEN>` is the value of the JWT that you copied from the `/api/login` call.

This command should return `HTTP/1.1 200 OK`, indicating successful authorization to the Kong Gateway service.

## Troubleshooting

* The JWT issued by the FusionAuth Login API has an expiry. If you wait too long before using it to call the Kong service, the token will expire and the call will fail. You can resolve this by rerunning the curl command to obtain another JWT token and using the new token.

* The issuer URL set in the <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> field from <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Your Tenant</Breadcrumb> must exactly match the `key` value in the curl command when creating the consumer credentials on Kong. If the values do not match exactly, including any white space and slashes, the JWT token will not be accepted by Kong.

## Next steps

You've learned how to enable JWT authorization on a Kong service. In a production application, using Kong and the JWT plugin is useful to secure backend services of the application. This way, each service does not need to handle authorization or authentication. Instead, authentication and authorization are handled by FusionAuth and Kong.

You used the FusionAuth API to create a test token on behalf of a user. For a production system, the token will be generated after a user signs in to your application through a frontend. Check out some of the framework integration tutorials to implement that:

<FrameworkIntegrationTutorialList />

# ngrok Cloud Edge

import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

ngrok Cloud Edge allows you to protect any resource which is proxied by an ngrok agent. This can be an on-premise server, something in a different cloud, or an IoT device running out in the field.

You can configure ngrok Cloud Edge to allow connections to the resource, and then configure it to delegate authentication to FusionAuth. This is done with what is called the OIDC module.

In this document, you'll learn how to set up ngrok Cloud Edge and FusionAuth to protect a static site running on your computer.

You can view the [ngrok guide](https://ngrok.com/docs/integrations/fusionauth/sso-oidc) as well.

## Prerequisites

* A FusionAuth instance running on a publicly accessible URL. You can spin up a [basic FusionAuth Cloud instance](/pricing) or [install it on any server](/docs/get-started/download-and-install).
* A local server with a website or application running. This document will use python's built-in web server, but any option will do.
* The `ngrok` CLI. You can [download it for free](https://ngrok.com/download), but you have to register. 
* An ngrok account with the appropriate plan. ngrok Cloud Edge is a paid feature. Please [contact ngrok](https://ngrok.com/enterprise/contact) for pricing and licensing options.

You can test if you have `ngrok` installed by running this command.

```shell title="Testing if you have ngrok installed"
ngrok -v
```

```shell title="Output of testing if you have ngrok installed"
ngrok version 3.1.0
```

## Set Up The Application

This is going to be a sample application that you want to protect. For this document, it'll be a simple web page.

First, make a directory.

```shell title="Make a directory"
mkdir apptoprotect && cd apptoprotect
```

Then, copy this HTML into a file called `index.html`.

```html title="Content of the index.html file"
<html>
<head>
<title>My application</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>The application</h1>
<p>
This is a protected application.
</p>
</body>
</html>
```

Then, start a python web server.

```shell title="Start the web server"
python3 -m http.server
```

You should be able to visit `http://localhost:8080` and see something like this.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/example-application.png" alt="The example application" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

## Set Up FusionAuth

Navigate to your FusionAuth instance.

First, you need to make sure the issuer setting is correct. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Your Tenant</Breadcrumb> and change the issuer to the URL of your FusionAuth instance. For example, `https://local.fusionauth.io`.

Next, you need to configure an application which will correspond to the ngrok Cloud Edge instance.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> and then create a new Application. Fill out the <InlineField>Name</InlineField> field, then click the <Breadcrumb>OAuth</Breadcrumb> tab.

Make sure that the <InlineField>Enabled grants</InlineField> checkboxes have the `Authorization Code` and `Refresh Token` grants enabled.

Your application should look like this.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/application-configuration.png" alt="The FusionAuth example configuration" width="1200" />

Click the <InlineUIElement>Save</InlineUIElement> button.

Edit the new application. You should see values in the <InlineField>Client Id</InlineField> and <InlineField>Client secret</InlineField> fields. Copy them and put them in a text file. You'll use them in the [Set Up ngrok Cloud Edge](#set-up-ngrok-cloud-edge) step.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/application-client-id-client-secret.png" alt="Extracting the Client Id and secret" width="1200" />

Now, open up a new tab. Next, you are going to set up ngrok Cloud Edge.

## Set Up ngrok Cloud Edge

Log into an account with ngrok Cloud Edge enabled. Navigate to [the ngrok dashboard](https://dashboard.ngrok.com/cloud-edge/edges) and then to <Breadcrumb>Cloud Edge -> Edges</Breadcrumb>.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/ngrok-edges.png" alt="The ngrok Cloud Edges configuration screen" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Click <InlineUIElement>Create Edge</InlineUIElement> and select an `HTTPS Edge`. Click <InlineUIElement>Create HTTPS Edge</InlineUIElement>.

Copy the endpoint, which might look like `https://pe07g5cn.ngrok.io` and paste it into the text file. You'll use that in the [Test It Out](#test-it-out) step.

Click on <InlineUIElement>Start a Tunnel</InlineUIElement>. This will give you an `ngrok` command to run.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/ngrok-start-tunnel.png" alt="The screen with the start tunnel command" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

It'll look something like this.

```shell title="Command to start the ngrok tunnel"
ngrok tunnel --region us --label edge=edghts_2HhKN3ozOCbPO6eDYlXnUgUyiEn http://localhost:80
```

Copy and paste it, and then modify that to point to your web server. If you are following this document, you need to point it to port 8000.

```shell title="Command to start the ngrok tunnel to the python protected app"
ngrok tunnel --region us --label edge=edghts_2HhKN3ozOCbPO6eDYlXnUgUyiEn http://localhost:8000
```

Then paste the command into the same text file.

Next, navigate to the <Breadcrumb>OIDC</Breadcrumb> tab.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/ngrok-configure-oidc-start.png" alt="The ngrok Cloud Edges OIDC configuration screen" width="1200" />

Click on <InlineUIElement>Begin setup</InlineUIElement>.

Configure it by taking the following steps.

* Add the URL of the FusionAuth server into the <InlineField>Issuer URL (Open ID Provider)</InlineField> field.
* Put the Client Id you copied in the [Set Up FusionAuth](#set-up-fusionauth) step into the <InlineField>Client ID</InlineField> field.
* Put the Client secret you copied in the [Set Up FusionAuth](#set-up-fusionauth) step into the <InlineField>Client Secret</InlineField> field.

Here's how the configuration will look after you are done. 

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/ngrok-configure-oidc-end.png" alt="The filled-out ngrok Cloud Edges OIDC configuration screen" width="1200" />

Next, copy the value in the <InlineField>Redirect URI</InlineField> read-only field. This should be something like `https://idp.ngrok.com/oauth2/callback`.

Save the configuration.

## Finishing Up With FusionAuth

Switch back to the FusionAuth admin screen. Edit the FusionAuth application config, if you previously navigated away.

Add the value from the ngrok Cloud Edge <InlineField>Redirect URI</InlineField> read-only field to the FusionAuth <InlineField>Authorized redirect URLs</InlineField> field.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/application-redirect-urls.png" alt="Adding the redirect URL to the FusionAuth application configuration" width="1200" />

Save the updated configuration.

## Test It Out

Now it is time to test the integration. Open up another terminal and start up the ngrok tunnel.

```shell title="Start the ngrok tunnel to the protected app"
ngrok tunnel --region us --label edge=edghts_2HhKN3ozOCbPO6eDYlXnUgUyiEn http://localhost:8000
```

Open an incognito browser window to ensure that you aren't logged into FusionAuth.

Visit the endpoint you copied above: `https://pe07g5cn.ngrok.io`.

You will be prompted to log into FusionAuth.

<img src="/img/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/fusionauth-login-screen.png" alt="The login screen" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

If you login, you'll see the protected application. You won't be able to access it without doing so.

## Next Steps

There's a lot more you can do with ngrok Cloud Edge. 

You can configure the ngrok Cloud Edge OIDC module to force users to reauthenticate, expire after a certain amount of inactivity and more.

You can also combine the OIDC module with other security limitations, such as IP restrictions. You can also configure ngrok to proxy different paths to different applications and add or remove headers.

Finally, you can tweak your FusionAuth settings to ensure that the user is registered for the ngrok Cloud Edge application or fire off webhooks when the user logs in.

# Device Limiting

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';

You may want to limit the number of devices a user can simultaneously log in to your app from. This guide will show you how to limit concurrent logins on user devices with FusionAuth.  

## Why Limit Device Logins?

There are many reasons why you might be interested in limiting concurrent user logins. Here are a few examples:

* **Security:** To ensure that a user's account isn't compromised. For example, it's unlikely that a user would need to log in to a banking app from multiple devices at the same time, but the same is not true for an email application.

* **Prevent account sharing:** Especially for paid consumer content services. This is common on media streaming services, for example.

* **Enforce a licensing agreement:** This is common for enterprise software that is licensed per user, such as a CRM or project-management tool.

You can also see requests from FusionAuth customers looking to implement device-limiting schemes on our GitHub issues page: 

* [Limit a user to a single session](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1363).

* [Limit the number of different devices an account can log in from](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1156).

This guide provides a way to address these requirements and user requests. While FusionAuth does not directly support limiting device logins, you can implement a solution using FusionAuth APIs and custom logic in your application.

FusionAuth only captures limited information about each device as part of the session information. Devices are not tracked separately, and a user may have multiple sessions on the same device (for example, on different browsers or in private browsing mode). In this guide, we consider a device to be anything a user logs in from, so Chrome and Firefox on the same computer are two "devices".

## Approaches To Device Limiting

This guide will cover two approaches to limiting concurrent logins. Both approaches rely on the [JWT Retrieve Refresh Tokens API](/docs/apis/jwt#retrieve-refresh-tokens) to retrieve the number of active refresh tokens for a user as a proxy for active logins.

 * **Simpler implementation:** The user will simply be informed that they are logged in from too many devices and will be asked to log out of one of them manually, and then try logging in again. By logging out of one of the sessions, the refresh token for that session will be revoked by FusionAuth.

 * **More user-friendly implementation:** The list of current logins will be displayed and the user will be able to select which session to end. The application will then call the FusionAuth API to end the session by [revoking the refresh token](/docs/apis/jwt#revoke-refresh-tokens) for the chosen session.

For the second option to work, the user JWTs issued by FusionAuth must be configured to relatively short lifespans to prevent the user from staying logged in on the additional devices long after the corresponding refresh token has been revoked. 

## The ChangeBank Application

To make things a bit more concrete, let's use an example from the [quickstart guides](/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-javascript-express-web). The [ChangeBank](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CXDxNCzUspM) application is a simple banking application that allows users to convert dollars to coins.

This guide will show two ways to extend the [Express](https://expressjs.com)-based [ChangeBank application](/docs/get-started/quickstarts/webquickstart-javascript-express-web) to limit concurrent logins.

Full implementations of both device-limiting methods in the ChangeBank application are available on GitHub:

-  [Simple implementation application](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-device-limit-guide-simple)
-  [User-friendly implementation application](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-device-limit-guide-friendly)


## Using The Refresh Token API

Both device-limiting methods depend on calling the [FusionAuth JWT Retrieve Refresh Tokens API](/docs/apis/jwt#retrieve-refresh-tokens) to retrieve the active [refresh tokens](/docs/apis/jwt) for a user. You will use the API key with the GET and DELETE permissions for the `/api/jwt/refresh` API route in this guide.

To create a key for the Retrieve Refresh Tokens API, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> API Keys</Breadcrumb> and click the <InlineUIElement>+</InlineUIElement> button to add a key. Give the key a name, and enable the GET and DELETE permissions for `/api/jwt/refresh`. Click <InlineUIElement>Save</InlineUIElement> to save the API Key.

Now you can use this key to call the API to retrieve the active refresh tokens for a user. The API returns refresh tokens for all applications, so you will need to filter the tokens by the `applicationId` to get the number of active sessions for a specific application. Note that there may be refresh tokens without an `applicationId`, which are tokens used for the "Remember me" feature on FusionAuth itself. These tokens should be ignored when counting a user's active sessions.

You can now use the number of active refresh tokens filtered for the particular application as a proxy for the number of active logins for the user. Calling the API using Node and filtering the results looks something like the following.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRootSimple + "/complete-application/src/index.ts"} tags="active-session-count" lang="typescript"/>

The `clientId` variable stores the FusionAuth application Id of the application you are limiting logins for, and `userId` is the Id of the user you are checking the active sessions for.


## Login Requirements

Since the solution relies on counting the number of active refresh tokens for a user to determine how many devices they are logged in on, you will need to ensure that your FusionAuth application is set up to issue refresh tokens and that your client application requests them when logging in. 

To set up your FusionAuth application to issue refresh tokens, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Edit -> OAuth</Breadcrumb> and select the <InlineField>Generate refresh tokens</InlineField> field if it isn't already selected. Scroll down to the <InlineField>Enabled Grants</InlineField> field and select the <InlineField>Refresh Token</InlineField> field.

To set up your client application to request refresh tokens when logging in, add [the `offline_access` scope](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/) in the `scope` parameter of the `/oauth2/authorize` request. If you are constructing the request manually, it should look something like the following.

```javascript
res.redirect(302, `${fusionAuthURL}/oauth2/authorize?client_id=${clientId}&response_type=code&scope=offline_access&redirect_uri=http://localhost:${port}/oauth-redirect&state=${userSessionCookie?.stateValue}&code_challenge=${userSessionCookie?.challenge}&code_challenge_method=S256`)
```
If you are using [Passport.js](https://www.passportjs.org/), you can include the `offline_access` scope in the `scope` key of the options object passed to the `authenticate` method. It should look something like the following.

```javascript
passport.authenticate('oauth2', { scope: ['offline_access'] })
```
For other libraries and languages, consult the documentation to see how to include the `offline_access` scope in the authorization request to FusionAuth.

## Logout Requirements

When logging out of FusionAuth with the `/oauth2/logout` endpoint, the refresh token is [not automatically revoked by FusionAuth](/community/forum/topic/270/logout-questions). This means that the refresh token will still be returned from the refresh token API, and will still be counted as an active session or device. To ensure that the refresh token is revoked when the user logs out, you will need to call the [JWT Revoke Refresh Tokens API](/docs/apis/jwt#revoke-refresh-tokens) on logout.

The best place to do this is in the logout callback configured under <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Edit -> OAuth</Breadcrumb> on the <InlineField>Logout URL</InlineField> field. This is the route that the user is redirected to after they have been logged out of FusionAuth. You should also remove any local cookies at the same time. The complete logout return route should look like the following.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRootFriendly + "/complete-application/src/index.ts"} tags="oauth-logout" lang="typescript"/>


## Simpler Scheme

This scheme uses the FusionAuth [`user.login.success`](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/login/user-login-success) webhook. This webhook is fired after a user provides valid credentials, but before a session is created and the user logged in. Returning a `2xx` response from this webhook will allow the login to proceed. Returning a `4xx` response will prevent the login from proceeding. Since a FusionAuth webhook is enabled at the tenant level, you will also need to check the application the user is attempting to log in to when implementing this solution. The `applicationId` is provided in the webhook payload, along with the `userId`, among other information.

This scheme uses the Refresh Token API explained above to retrieve the number of active sessions for a user. If the user is logged in on too many devices, the login will be prevented by returning a `403` response from the webhook. They will then need to log out from one of their devices before they can attempt to log in again.

To let the user know the login failed, the default message for a failed webhook needs to be overridden with a custom message.

<Aside type="note">
This failed login message will be displayed for any login that fails due to a webhook error, not just for failed logins due to too many concurrent logins. Therefore this solution is not ideal if your application uses other webhooks.
</Aside>

### Create A Webhook In FusionAuth

To add the webhook to FusionAuth, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Webhooks</Breadcrumb> in the sidebar. Click the <InlineUIElement>+</InlineUIElement> button to add a webhook. Give the webhook a name, and select the <InlineField>user.login.success</InlineField> event. Set the URL to `http://{YOUR_APPLICATION_URL}/user-login-success`. Click <InlineUIElement>Save</InlineUIElement> to save the webhook when you are done.

<Aside type="note">
In production, you should [add security to the webhook](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/#security) in the form of Basic Auth and a certificate in the <Breadcrumb>Security</Breadcrumb> tab. This ensures that the webhook can only be called by FusionAuth.
</Aside>

### Listen To The Webhook

In the application, you will need to listen for the `user.login.success` event and check the number of active sessions for the user. Here is an example of how to do this in an Express application, like the ChangeBank application.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRootSimple + "/complete-application/src/index.ts"} tags="device-limiting" lang="typescript"/>

As described in the [documentation](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/login/user-login-success), the event data sent by FusionAuth as JSON in the body of the webhook includes the `applicationId` and `userId`. The `applicationId` is used to check that the login event is for the application you are limiting logins for. The `userId` is used to retrieve the active refresh tokens for the user.

Try running your application with the webhook connected and logging in with the same user on more than two devices. Simulate multiple device logins by logging in with different browsers and with private tabs. You should see the following message when trying to log in for the third time.

```
One or more webhooks returned an invalid response or were unreachable. Based on your transaction configuration, your action cannot be completed.
```

This message is very generic and does not tell the user that the reason they cannot log in is because they are logged in on too many devices. To fix this, override the default message with a custom message. You can do this by customizing the <InlineField>WebhookTransactionException</InlineField> message in your FusionAuth theme templates. 

Customize the message in <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Themes</Breadcrumb>. Click the <InlineUIElement>Edit</InlineUIElement> button next to the "ChangeBank Theme". Under <InlineField>Templates</InlineField>, click <InlineUIElement>Messages</InlineUIElement>. Click the <InlineUIElement>Edit</InlineUIElement> button next to the <InlineField>Default</InlineField> locale. Search for `[WebhookTransactionException]` (around line 606), and change the message to read something more explanatory, such as, "You are already logged in on other devices. Please log out of one of your other devices and try again." Click <InlineUIElement>Submit</InlineUIElement>, and then save the theme.

Logging in again with the same user on more than two devices should now display the new message.

## The User-Friendly Implementation

The previous implementation has the advantage of code simplicity, but it does have a few problems. 

* **Inconvenience:** The user has to manually log out of one of their devices before they can log in again. 

* **The user is not informed which devices they are logged in on:** They will have to try to remember which of their devices they are logged in on. If they don't have physical access to one of their devices, they will be unable to log in. 

* **The failed login message is the same generic message used for all webhook errors:** Adding other webhooks to your application will result in the same error message being displayed, regardless of the type of webhook failing. 

This second implementation is a more user-friendly way of handling device limits that saves the user the trouble of having to manually log out of one of their devices. Instead, the user will be presented with a list of their current logins, and will be able to select which sessions to end. The application will then call the FusionAuth API to end the session by [revoking the refresh token](/docs/apis/jwt#revoke-refresh-tokens) for the chosen sessions.

To achieve this, the application will always allow a login to proceed, and call the FusionAuth API once the user is logged in. The API will retrieve the other sessions to check if the device limit has been reached, and if the user's logins exceed the limit, a page will display the user's current logins and allow them to select which session to end before allowing access to the rest of the app.

To implement this solution, you will need to: 

* Set the lifespan of the ordinary user JWT to a relatively short time to prevent staying logged in after the corresponding refresh token has been revoked. 

* Create a middleware function to call the FusionAuth API to retrieve the number of active sessions for a user for each request.

* Create a page to display the user's current logins and allow them to select which session to end. The middleware above will redirect the user to this page if they are logged in on too many devices.

* Create a route to handle the user's selection and call the FusionAuth API to revoke the refresh token for the selected session.


### Setting The JWT Lifespan

To set the JWT lifespan, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> in the FusionAuth sidebar. Select the <InlineUIElement>Edit</InlineUIElement> button next to the application you are limiting logins for. Under the <Breadcrumb>JWT</Breadcrumb> tab, set <InlineField>JWT duration</InlineField> to a relatively short time, such as 300 seconds (five minutes). Click <InlineUIElement>Save Application</InlineUIElement> when you are done.

### Create A Middleware Security Function

For any route that you would normally check for authentication, add a middleware function to check the number of active sessions for the authenticated user. The middleware should check for the number of active sessions using the Refresh Token API as described earlier. If the user is logged in on too many devices, the middleware should redirect the user to a page to display the user's current logins and allow them to select which session to end.

The middleware function should look similar to the following.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRootFriendly + "/complete-application/src/index.ts"} tags="get-active-devicelist" lang="typescript"/>

Notice that in the `getActiveDeviceList` function, the current session's refresh token is removed from the list of active sessions. This is because it would not make sense to allow the user to end the current session to continue using the application. The user Id is also retrieved from the existing authentication cookie. For this reason, the device-limit middleware must always be placed after the user authentication and token validation middleware for any secured route. 

The `getActiveDeviceList` function returns a list of view models containing all the session information for the user. This list of view models will also be used to display the user's current logins and allow them to select which session to end.

The middleware function `checkDeviceLimit` can be used on restricted routes, such as the `make-change` and `account` routes in the ChangeBank app, as follows.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRootFriendly + "/complete-application/src/index.ts"} tags="make-change-check-devicelimit" lang="typescript"/>

### Create A Page To Display The User's Current Logins

The middleware function of the previous step redirects to a route called `/device-limit`. This route should return a web page to display the user's current logins and allow them to select which session to end. To pass the list of active sessions with their details, you will need to use a templating engine like Handlebars to simplify the HTML generation. You can add Handlebars to the ChangeBank application using NPM.

```bash
npm install handlebars
```

Then add it to the express app.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRootFriendly + "/complete-application/src/index.ts"} tags="views-hbs" lang="typescript"/>

 You will need a GET route to render the `device-limit` page. The route should look something like the following.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRootFriendly + "/complete-application/src/index.ts"} tags="device-limiting-maxcount" lang="typescript"/>

The Handlebars template page should look similar to the following.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRootFriendly + "/complete-application/templates/device-limit.hbs"} lang="html"/>

### Revoking A Chosen Session

The web page posts the selected token Ids to the backend. You will need a route that accepts these token Ids and revokes the selected tokens using the DELETE method on the FusionAuth Refresh Token API.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRootFriendly + "/complete-application/src/index.ts"} tags="device-limiting-validatetoken" lang="typescript"/>

## Example Applications

You can download, review, and run full applications for both the simple and user-friendly device-limiting implementations from the FusionAuth GitHub: 

 * [Simple implementation using a webhook](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-device-limit-simple)

 * [User-friendly implementation](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-device-limit-friendly)

# Example Applications

import ExampleAppsIntro from 'src/content/docs/sdks/examples/_example_apps_intro.mdx';
import ExampleAppsList from 'src/content/docs/sdks/examples/_index-list.astro';

<ExampleAppsIntro />

<ExampleAppsList />

# Modeling Hierarchies

import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import EnterprisePlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_enterprise-plan-blurb.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';

This guide discusses ways of modeling hierarchical organizations and entities, with users and permissions, and provides an example script you can use in your own website. Entities are not available in the free version of FusionAuth.

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

## Understand FusionAuth Types And Their Relationships

Before continuing, please read the [review of FusionAuth types](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/types-and-relationships) and how they relate. You need to understand these types well to adjust the hierarchical system design in this guide to suit your situation.

To avoid confusion with FusionAuth applications in this guide, the service you provide your users will be called your "website", as opposed to an application, app, or service.

## An Example Company Hierarchy With Permissions

None of the FusionAuth types are hierarchical. In other words, no types can be nested in any other types. Groups can't be members of groups, applications can't contain other applications, and entities don't have sub-entities.

This is a problem when trying to model organizations that are hierarchical, especially when trying to decide when a user who has permissions to one level of the hierarchy should have permissions to an entity somewhere in the hierarchy.

Let's take an example. Assume that you want to use FusionAuth to authorize users in your corporation, Change Corp, to have access to certain documents. Your corporation has two sub-companies: Change Bank and Change Insurance. Each company has many departments, like marketing, sales, finance, operations, and management. Documents belong to a single department in an organization. Companies, departments, and documents have read and write permissions.

Permissions propagate downwards. So an employee with write permissions to the marketing department in Change Insurance will have write permissions to all its documents. And an employee with read permissions to Change Corp has read permissions to every document in every department of both sub-companies. But you might have an auditor who you add as a user in FusionAuth that has only read access to a specific document in a specific department. This will not give her permissions to any other documents anywhere higher in the organizational hierarchy.

Below is a diagram of the company structure to model.

```mermaid title="Company structure"
graph BT
  n1[Change Corp]
  n2(Change Bank)
  n3(Change Insurance)

  n4[/Operations/]
  n5[/Finance/]
  n6[/HR/]
  n7[/Operations/]
  n8[/Finance/]
  n9[/HR/]

  n10((Alice))
  n11((Bob))
  n12@{ shape: doc, label: "Passwords doc" }
  n13@{ shape: doc, label: "Financial statements" }
  n14@{ shape: doc, label: "HR manual" }

  n2 --o n1
  n3 --o n1
  n4 --o n2
  n5 --o n2
  n6 --o n2
  n7 --o n3
  n8 --o n3
  n9 --o n3

  n10 --o n4
  n11 --o n5
  n12 --o n4
  n13 --o n5
  n14 --o n9
```

<Aside type="note">
You can probably see some challenges already:
- How do you handle documents that everyone in the corporation needs to read, such as a corporate HR manual, which is managed by the HR department of the top-level corporation? Because permissions don't propagate upwards, you have to individually give read permissions to everyone, instead of relying on the hierarchy to do it automatically.
- What happens when permissions conflict? The operations department might have a passwords document that should have read access only by members of that department, but anyone with read access to the sub-company will have access to the passwords.

There are solutions to these problems, such as including "Deny access" permissions and a "Common" department for shared documents, and you need to pick what works for your organization. These challenges won't be discussed in this guide, as you can use the techniques shown here to implement your own solution.
</Aside>

## How To Model Hierarchy In FusionAuth With Entities And Grants

The best way to model a hierarchy in FusionAuth is with Entities. 

For the example above, you should create entity types Company and Department with permissions Read, Write, and IsMember. Read and write are used to show permissions, but IsMember is used to show hierarchy. 

Then create an entity called Change Bank of type Company and entity of Department called Operations. Create an entity grant for Operations to Change Bank with IsMember set to true to show that this Operations entity belongs to the Change Bank entity. Note that it will not be possible to tell departments called Operations in different companies apart by their name alone. You will need to examine each department's entity grant to see which company it belongs to. 

Finally, you'll create an entity grant for user Alice to entity Change Bank with no permissions, and an entity grant for Alice to Operations with permissions Read and Write. Below is a diagram of this example, which is similar to the earlier types diagram, but includes a department hierarchy now. Permissions are shown in separate blocks now too.

![Hierarchy diagram - Change Insurance](/img/docs/extend/examples/modeling-hierarchy/modeling-hierarchy-diagram-2.png)
![Hierarchy diagram - Change Bank](/img/docs/extend/examples/modeling-hierarchy/modeling-hierarchy-diagram-3.png)

For simplicity's sake, this diagram does not include the Change Corp entity of entity type Corporation. There are two blocks: one for Change Insurance and one for Change Bank. Ignore the Change Insurance block and concentrate on Change Bank to see how Alice is connected to her department, which is connected to the company. This diagram also shows a document attached to the Operations department. The document itself needs read and write permissions, for when you want to enable individual access, and is linked to the Operations department via an entity grant with the IsMember permission, in the same way departments are linked to companies.

Finally, note that you should use a matching UUID for every document in your document management system and in FusionAuth, to handle situations where document names and versions change.

## Example Permissions Calculation Script

This section demonstrates how to create all the entities for the example company hierarchy, and how to write a script to determine a user's permissions to any document in the hierarchy.

### Download Example Project And Start FusionAuth

Use `git clone` to clone the repository at https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-docker-compose, or download and unzip it.

Open a terminal in the directory containing the repository files.

Run the command below to start FusionAuth.

```sh
cd light
docker compose up
```

<Aside type="note">
  If you have completed any FusionAuth tutorials before, you might need to first delete any existing FusionAuth containers with the same name and the database volumes. Run the command below to do that.

  ```sh
  docker rm fa fa_db; docker compose down -v
  ```
</Aside>

This command starts FusionAuth using Kickstart, which automatically creates an example application with an example user called Richard. It saves you the time of having to configure everything yourself when following this tutorial.

- Log in to your FusionAuth web interface at http://localhost:9011/admin with credentials `admin@example.com` and `password`.
- Browse to <Breadcrumb>Reactor</Breadcrumb>.
- Enter your license key to activate Reactor and refresh the page.

<Aside type="note">
If you have any trouble with this tutorial, try replacing the FusionAuth image in the Docker compose file with `fusionauth/fusionauth-app:1.54.0`, in case future versions of FusionAuth introduced a breaking change.
</Aside>

### Create Hierarchy Entities

In this section, you'll create the entities and permissions in FusionAuth to represent a company hierarchy with documents.

- Browse to <Breadcrumb>Entity Management -> Entity Types</Breadcrumb>.
- Click the <InlineUIElement>+ Add</InlineUIElement> button.
- Name the entity type `Company`.
- Add the permissions `Read`, `Write`, and `IsMember` and save the entity type.
- Add another entity type called `Department` with the same permission names and save it.
- Add a final entity type called `Document` with only `Read` and `Write` permissions. Nothing can be a member of a document, so it doesn't need an `IsMember` permission.

![Entity Types in FusionAuth](/img/docs/extend/examples/modeling-hierarchy/entityTypes.png)

Next you'll populate FusionAuth with some entities of these types:

- Browse to <Breadcrumb>Entity Management -> Entities</Breadcrumb>.
- Add a new entity.
  - For <InlineField>Name</InlineField> enter `Change Bank`.
  - For <InlineField>Entity type</InlineField> choose `Company`.
  - You don't need to give the entity an Id since FusionAuth alone will manage companies and users. Only documents need to share Ids between FusionAuth and your website.
  - Save.
- Add another entity of type Company and call it `Change Insurance`.
- Add another entity of type Department and call it `Change Insurance Operations`.
- Add another entity of type Department and call it `Change Bank Operations`.
- Add another entity of type Department and call it `Change Bank Finance`.
- Add another entity of type Document and call it `Passwords`.
  - Give this entity the Id `e52925cb-1072-421f-9f64-a64aacd8a7cb`.
- Add another entity of type Document and call it `Statements`.
  - Give this entity the Id `832bf368-6adc-4ae0-b838-41feeb01ac47`.

![Entities in FusionAuth](/img/docs/extend/examples/modeling-hierarchy/entities.png)

Finally, you need to connect the entities in a hierarchy using permissions as a link.

- In the <InlineUIElement>Select</InlineUIElement> menu for the Change Bank Operations department entity, click <InlineUIElement>Manage</InlineUIElement>.
- Click <InlineUIElement>+ Add</InlineUIElement> to add an entity grant.
- In the search box, enter `Change Bank`, and select it from the dropdown list.
- Enable the <InlineUIElement>IsMember</InlineUIElement> permission.
- Save.
- Return to <Breadcrumb>Entity Management -> Entities</Breadcrumb>.
- Add the Change Bank Finance department entity to the Change Bank company in the same way as above.
- Add the Change Insurance Operations department entity to the Change Insurance company in the same way as above.
- Change Bank now has two departments and Change Insurance has one.
- Manage the Passwords document, and give it an entity grant to the Change Bank Operations department with permission IsMember.
- Manage the Statements document, and give it an entity grant to the Change Bank Finance department with permission IsMember.

<Aside type="caution">
Notice here that when you search for `Operations`, the search dropdown list provides you only the names `Change Bank Operations` and `Change Insurance Operations`, with no Ids or hierarchical links displayed. So if you had instead called both departments just `Operations`, without indicating the company they belonged to in their name, you wouldn't know which department to choose when trying to add the document to the department. Though it would be more elegant to call the entity by the same name as the real department, just `Operations`, you need to work with the limitations of FusionAuth here to create a makeshift hierarchy. Alternatively, you could create all entities programmatically using the API and entity Ids. That would allow you to use any names you wanted.
</Aside>

### Grant Entity Permissions To A User

You haven't set any read or write permissions yet, because those are linked only to users, or flow implicitly downwards through the company hierarchy set by `IsMember`. So let's add a user to the Operations department.

- Browse to <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb>.
- From the <InlineUIElement>Select</InlineUIElement> menu for user `Richard`, choose <InlineUIElement>Manage</InlineUIElement>.
- In the <InlineUIElement>Entity grants</InlineUIElement> tab, click <InlineUIElement>+ Add</InlineUIElement>.
- Search for and add `Change Bank Operations`.
- Enable all three permissions for the user and save.

![User with entity grant in FusionAuth](/img/docs/extend/examples/modeling-hierarchy/user.png)

FusionAuth now represents your corporate hierarchy and you can start work on the website.

### Run Your Website To Calculate All The User Permissions

In this section, you'll write a script to get all the direct and indirect (through the company hierarchy) permissions a user has to all documents in FusionAuth. All you need is the user's email address or Id. Though this is a simple script, you can use exactly the same code after the user has logged in to your website with FusionAuth. (To learn how to make a simple Node.js website that uses FusionAuth, read the [quickstart](/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-javascript-express-web).)

For this script, you'll use TypeScript. It's easy to make errors when working with a tree structure, like these parent and child entities. TypeScript's strong typing will prevent errors, and enable you to see exactly which properties are available on each object. If you prefer JavaScript, you can delete all the type syntax, rename the file with `.js`, and the code will still run fine.

Start by creating the script, called `getPermissions.ts` in the current `light` working directory, and add the type definitions below. Axios will be used to call the FusionAuth API on the network.

```ts
import axios from "npm:axios@1.7.9";

type TUser = {
  id: string,
  email: string,
};

type TEntity = {
  id: string,
  name: string,
  type: {
    id: string,
    name: string,
  }
};

type Grant = {
  id: string,
  permissions: string[]
  entity: TEntity,
};
type TUserGrant = Grant & { userId: string };
type TEntityGrant = Grant & { recipientEntityId: string };

type TPermission = {
  entityId: string,
  entityName : string,
  permissions: Set<string>
}
```

These types show all the objects returned when calling FusionAuth, listing only the important properties, and ignoring the other properties. An entity has only a name and a type. There are two types of grants, one for users and one for entities. Note the Id here points to the grant object itself, not the target entity. You usually want to use the Id of the entity inside the grant. A grant's permissions are an array of strings.

The goal of this script is to find the permission type: A document (an entity with a name and Id) and all the permissions a user has to it. These permissions are a set, not an array, to avoid duplicates.

Next, add a function to calculate the user's permissions to every document, which starts with code to get the user from FusionAuth, all entities, and all grants from every entity to every other.

```ts
async function getUserPermissions(emailAddress: string): Promise<TPermission[]> {
  // get user, entities, and grants from fusionauth
  const api = axios.create({ baseURL: 'http://fa:9011/api', headers: { 'Authorization': '33052c8a-c283-4e96-9d2a-eb1215c69f8f-not-for-prod' } });

  const { data: { user } }  =              await api.get(`/user`, { params: { email: emailAddress } }) as {data: {user: TUser}};
  const { data: { grants: userGrants } } = await api.get(`/entity/grant/search?userId=${user.id}`) as {data: {grants: TUserGrant[]}};
  const { data: { entities } } =           await api.post(`/entity/search`, { search: { numberOfResults: 10000, queryString: "*" } }) as {data: {entities: TEntity[]}};

  const entityGrants: TEntityGrant[] = [];
  for (const entity of entities) {
    const { data: { grants } } = await api.get(`/entity/grant/search?entityId=${entity.id}`);
    entityGrants.push(...grants);
  }
```

Note that the FusionAuth API key is hardcoded into this file and passed to Axios. In reality, you should never commit your key to Git, but keep it in a `.env` file. The rest of the code is straightforward: It calls the FusionAuth API for each type and stores the result returned. Read more about the APIs for [users](/docs/apis/users), [entities](/docs/apis/entities/entities), and [grants](/docs/apis/entities/grants).

Continue the function above by calculating the permissions for the user for every document, and end the script by calling the function.

```ts
  // the goal: all documents and user's permissions to them
  const permissionsToDocuments: TPermission[] = [];

  // for each document
  for (const document of entities.filter(e => e.type.name == 'Document')) {
    // add document with no starting permissions to list of documents
    permissionsToDocuments.push({ entityId: document.id, entityName: document.name, permissions: new Set() });

    // get list of document and all ancestor entities
    const entitiesWithPermissionsToDocument : TEntity[] = [];
    let currentEntity: TEntity | null = document;
    while (currentEntity != null) {
      entitiesWithPermissionsToDocument.push(currentEntity);
      currentEntity = getEntityParent(currentEntity, entities, entityGrants);
    }

    // if user has permissions to ancestor, add those permissions to document permissions for the user
    for (const entityWithPermissionsToDocument of entitiesWithPermissionsToDocument)
      userGrants.find(grant => grant.entity.id === entityWithPermissionsToDocument.id)
        ?.permissions.map(p => permissionsToDocuments.at(-1)?.permissions.add(p));
  }

  console.log('All documents and permissions to them for ' + emailAddress + '\n');
  console.dir(permissionsToDocuments, { depth: null });
  return permissionsToDocuments;
}

function getEntityParent(entity: TEntity, entities: TEntity[], entityGrants: TEntityGrant[]): TEntity | null {
  for (const entityGrant of entityGrants)
    if (entityGrant.recipientEntityId == entity.id && entityGrant.permissions.includes('IsMember'))
      for (const parentEntity of entities)
        if (parentEntity.id == entityGrant.entity.id)
          return parentEntity;
  return null;
}

await getUserPermissions('richard@example.com');
```

This code is a little tricky if you haven't worked with a tree structure before. Luckily, our example assumes that every entity has only one owner (parent node), so in all searches, once you find a grant with `IsMember`, you know you have found the node's only parent. The code starts by looping through every entity that is a document, because you can ignore entities that aren't documents. For each document, the code gets all ancestors (the document's department and the department's company). Then it finally checks if the user has any permissions to any of those entities, and adds the permissions to the list of permissions the user has to the document.

In a new terminal, run the commands below to install Axios and run the script to check what permissions Richard has to both documents. Here, to save time, you use Docker again, with the Deno 2 image, which can run TypeScript without any compile step, as well as allowing you to freely mix JavaScript, ES modules, and CommonJS modules. In reality, you could use the TypeScript compiler, and Node, Bun, or any other JavaScript environment you like.

```sh
docker run --platform=linux/amd64 --rm --network faNetwork -v ".:/app" -w "/app" denoland/deno:alpine-2.1.3 sh -c  "deno run --allow-net --allow-read ./getPermissions.ts"
```

The result should be as below.

```sh
All documents and permissions to them for richard@example.com

[
  {
    entityId: "e52925cb-1072-421f-9f64-a64aacd8a7cb",
    entityName: "Passwords",
    permissions: Set(3) { "IsMember", "Read", "Write" }
  },
  {
    entityId: "832bf368-6adc-4ae0-b838-41feeb01ac47",
    entityName: "Statements",
    permissions: Set(0) {}
  }
]
```

You can see the user has permissions to the passwords document because he is a member of the Operations department where the document is a member.

The user has no permissions to the financial statements. In the FusionAuth web interface, browse to the list of users and manage Richard. Give him an entity grant with permission `Write` to the Change Bank entity.

Now when you run the script again, you'll see he has been given indirect write permissions to the financial statements too.

```sh
All documents and permissions to them for richard@example.com

[
  {
    entityId: "e52925cb-1072-421f-9f64-a64aacd8a7cb",
    entityName: "Passwords",
    permissions: Set(3) { "IsMember", "Read", "Write" }
  },
  {
    entityId: "832bf368-6adc-4ae0-b838-41feeb01ac47",
    entityName: "Statements",
    permissions: Set(1) { "Write" }
  }
]
```

## Clean Up

To remove all the Docker volumes, containers, images, and networks used in this guide, run the commands below.

```sh
docker compose down -v
docker rm fa fa_db
docker rmi postgres:16.0-bookworm fusionauth/fusionauth-app:latest denoland/deno:alpine-2.1.3
docker network prune;
```

## Alternative Methods To Model Hierarchy In FusionAuth

The code above demonstrates modeling hierarchies using entities, but there are other ways to model the example company structure in FusionAuth. Documents must be entities, or stored outside FusionAuth, and employees must be users. No other types in FusionAuth will work for this.

With these constraints in mind, below are alternatives to using entities and grants.

### Fine-Grained Authorization

<EnterprisePlanBlurb />

Fine-grained authorization (FGA) allows for more granular permissions than Entities, including:

* **attribute based access control** (ABAC), where you can limit access based on attributes of the request or objects being accessed. For instance, you could limit access to a system based on time of day.
* **relationship based access control** (ReBAC), where you make authorization decisions based on relationships. For instance, you could grant access to subfolders based on who has access to parent folders.

To use FGA, you use [FusionAuth FGA by Permify](/docs/extend/fine-grained-authorization), a standalone authorization server.

For example, you could use FGA to model corporate, department, and document relationships using the following schema:

```
entity user {}

entity corporation {
    // Direct permission grants
    relation reader @user
    relation writer @user

    // Permissions
    permission read  = reader or writer
    permission write = writer
}

entity company {
    // Hierarchy: a company belongs to a corporation
    relation parent @corporation

    // Direct permission grants
    relation reader @user
    relation writer @user

    // Permissions inherit from parent corporation
    permission read  = reader or writer or parent.read
    permission write = writer or parent.write
}

entity department {
    // Hierarchy: a department belongs to a company
    relation parent @company

    // Direct permission grants
    relation reader @user
    relation writer @user
    relation member @user

    // Permissions inherit from parent company
    permission read  = reader or writer or member or parent.read
    permission write = writer or member or parent.write
}

entity document {
    // Hierarchy: a document belongs to a department
    relation parent @department

    // Direct permission grants
    relation reader @user
    relation writer @user

    // Permissions inherit from parent department
    permission read  = reader or writer or parent.read
    permission write = writer or parent.write
}
```

FusionAuth FGA by Permify has the following benefits:

* permissions are propagated without any manual coordination or calculation
* ABAC support without code
* efficient answers to queries like "which resources can this user access?" and "which users can access this resource?"
* permissions can be checked in bulk

Use one of the [supported authorization SDKs](/permify-docs/api-reference/introduction) to check permissions within your application:

```javascript
const response = await client.permission.check({
  tenantId: "t1",
  metadata: {
    depth: 20
  },
  entity: {
    type: "department",
    id: "cb_operations",
  },
  permission: "write",
  subject: {
    type: "user",
    id: "richard",
  },
});

return response.can === permify.CheckResult.Allowed;
```

When you add a new object, update the relationships to ensure access to the documents associated with that object. Use the authorization SDKs to create and update those relationships.

To use this solution, you need to run a separate authorization server, either in your environment or in FusionAuth Cloud.

For more information, see the [fine-grained authorization documentation](/docs/extend/fine-grained-authorization).

### Applications And Roles

In this option, you add the finance employee, Alice, to an application representing her company and department, like Change Bank Operations application, instead of an entity representing the company. Each application will have two roles, read and write, which are effectively permissions not roles. You can't use groups instead of applications to model this example because groups do not have permissions. Alice will need to be a member of multiple applications, for different departments and companies.

You would have to keep record of what department each document belongs to outside FusionAuth. This approach offers no benefit over using entities, unless you are using the free version of FusionAuth, which does not have entities.

### User JSON Data

In this option, you store every user's company and department as properties in their JSON `user.data` field. This has to be done through the FusionAuth API, and cannot be maintained in the FusionAuth web interface. You will need to write your own UI app for HR staff to work with FusionAuth. With this approach, you don't need to use applications, roles, or groups. Below is example JSON data for Alice:

  ```js
  "permissions": {
    "Change Bank": [],
    "Change Bank Operations": ["read", "write"],
    "Change Bank Human Resources manual": ["read"],
  }
  ```

The last line, regarding permissions to a document, could either be stored manually, as is shown above, or could be an entity grant from Alice to the document. If you remove the last line, you would keep only company permissions in JSON and store document permissions using entities.

Using entities, as the example script demonstrated earlier, or using JSON, are opposite approaches. Using entities explicitly stores the relationship between all organizational departments and all documents and their related permissions in FusionAuth. In contrast, using JSON doesn't use any FusionAuth features to store a user's departments and permissions. Instead, you can choose any naming scheme you want to represent your hierarchy. Here it's very important that you are able to map the text in the JSON with the names of your departments stored elsewhere. For instance, your permissions manager code would have to consistently use "Change Bank" and not "ChangeBank" for thousands of lines of JSON across hundreds of users.

If you are using the free plan of FusionAuth, using JSON might be suitable for you, but may become confusing. A better alternative would be to use FusionAuth only for user authentication, and keep all authorization and company structure information in a separate dedicated document management system that uses FusionAuth as its authentication gateway. Example document management systems that can use an external OAuth provider like FusionAuth are [Nuxeo](https://doc.nuxeo.com/nxdoc/using-openid-oauth2-in-login-screen) and [M-Files](https://www.m-files.com/products/platform-security). (There may be other document management systems that allow the use of FusionAuth, but their documentation does not state it.)

# Modeling Organizations

import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';

Business-to-business (B2B) enterprises commonly model the profiles of their customers and the roles of customers' employees. This practice isn't limited to SaaS businesses, as many companies sell products and services to other companies and need to ensure that employees, contractors, and other user groups can access the necessary applications to do their work.

Let's consider a CRM example to illustrate organization modeling. You're building a hot new CRM called AwesomeCRM. Your customers are other businesses, and one is Pied Piper. Pied Piper employs ten salespeople, and they each need access to your CRM, but each salesperson may have different permissions. Additionally, Pied Piper uses an outsourced CRO service called Big Bucks CRO. Jane is a fractional CRO with Big Bucks, and she also needs access to your CRM. Besides Pied Piper, Jane works with ten or more clients (like Aviato and Hooli). You need to ensure Jane can access all her clients' accounts and has the correct permissions for each.

A structure like this CRM introduces a lot of complexity. This is where FusionAuth's [Entity Management](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/entity-management) feature comes in handy. Entity Management allows you to create objects (that is, Entities) and grant Users permissions to them. Users aren't limited to having permissions to just one Entity; Users can be granted different permissions to different Entities.

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

This guide will walk you through implementing the use case described above with Entity Management using the FusionAuth APIs. See the [core concepts for Entity Management](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/entity-management) documentation for more information. 

You can take a look at the companion application that implements the concepts in this guide at [https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-modeling-organizations](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-modeling-organizations). The application repo includes a Kickstart file with all the settings detailed in the steps below and a Docker Compose file to run FusionAuth locally. Follow the steps in the [companion application README](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-modeling-organizations/blob/main/README.md) to get up and running.

Let's get started.

## Create An Entity Type

The first step is to create an Entity Type. Entity types define a class of entities along with the permissions that can be granted. You can create Entity Types using the API but in most cases, Entity Types are only created once, so you can use the admin UI for that. If you prefer to use the APIs, you'll find [the API you need here](/docs/apis/entities/entity-types).

Create an Entity Type and give it a name. In the image below, the new Entity Type is called `Customers`, but the name is just for display purposes, so you can give it any name. 

![Entity Type creation](/img/guides/organizations/entity-type.png)

Five different permissions for the `Customers` type are defined here.

* **Admin:** Allows the User to do anything with the account.
* **Sales:** For salespeople, allows the User to do things like create contacts, companies, deals, and so on.
* **Billing:** Allows the User to manage billing things like invoices, credit cards, and so on.
* **Reports:** Allows the User to manage reports.
* **Viewer:** Allows the User to view but not edit.

The names for permissions are also arbitrary and mostly for display purposes, so feel free to name your permissions categories whatever you want.

After you create the Entity Type, copy its Id for the next step.

## Creating Entities

Now that you have an Entity Type, you can start creating Entities. The process of creating Entities is usually part of a signup or other onboarding process and depends on how your business handles creating accounts for your customers. For AwesomeCRM, you'll collect account information when the user signs up. During the signup process, you'll create the Entity and then grant the newly created User permissions to that Entity. In this model, the first user to sign up is the first Admin of the account.

To create the Entity for a new customer, call the [Create an Entity API](/docs/apis/entities/entities#create-an-entity). Your JSON should look similar to below.

```json
{
  "entity": {
    "type": {
      "id": "<entity-type-id>"
    },
    "name": "Pied Piper"
  }
}
```

This JSON will create an Entity with the name `Pied Piper` with the newly created Entity Type from the previous step. Entity names are not unique, so you don't need to worry about multiple users conflicting with respect to their company name.

Parse the response to capture the Id of this newly created Entity. The JSON response should look like this.

```json
{
  "entity": {
    "clientId": "092dbded-30af-4149-9c61-b578f2c72f59",
    "clientSecret": "+fcXet9Iu2kQi61yWD9Tu4ReZ113P6yEAkr32v6WKOQ=",
    "id": "8174f72f-5ecd-4eae-8de8-7fef597b3473",
    "insertInstant": 1595361142909,
    "lastUpdateInstant": 1595361143101,
    "name": "Pied Piper",
    "tenantId": "30663132-6464-6665-3032-326466613934",
    "type": {
      "id": "4838d96a-4e7b-42c6-a4a1-ebc64952e1c8",
      "insertInstant": 1518962408732,
      "jwtConfiguration": {
        "enabled": false,
        "timeToLiveInSeconds": 60
      },
      "lastUpdateInstant": 1518962408732,
      "name": "Customers"
    }
  }
}
```

Extract the `id` from the JSON and store it in a variable.

## Create Entity Grants

The final step during the signup process assigns the correct permissions for the User to their Entity. To do this, call the [grant permissions API](/docs/apis/entities/grants#grant-a-user-or-entity-permissions-to-an-entity). You will need the Entity and User Ids to call this API. The JSON for the grant request will look like this.

```json
{
  "grant": {
    "permissions": [
      "Admin"
    ],
    "userId": "<user-id>"
  }
}
```

Notice that the JSON only includes the User Id. The Entity Id is added to the URL when calling this API, like this.

```http
POST /api/entity/<entityId>/grant
```

Note that the User Id can be determined several different ways, depending on how your registration process is set up. If you are using FusionAuth for registration, you can extract the User Id from the JWT access token that FusionAuth provides at the end of the OAuth workflow. The User Id is stored in the `sub` claim. Or you can use the [UserInfo](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#userinfo) or [Introspect](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#introspect) APIs with the access token to retrieve the User details.

Now you have constructed all the necessary pieces to model the customers of AwesomeCRM and the Users that have access to the customer accounts.

## Login

Now that your data model is prepared, you need to handle login events. When a user logs in, your application needs to know what organization they belong to. Generally, this information is stored in a cookie or a server-side session so that it is available on each request to the application.

To get this information from FusionAuth, call the [search grants API](/docs/apis/entities/grants#search-for-grants), which allows you to retrieve all the Grants a specific User has to any Entities. This API doesn't take a JSON body. Supply the User Id in the URL as below.

```http
GET /api/entity/grant/search?userId={userId}
```

Replace the `userId` parameter with the Id of the user that is currently logged in. Retrieve the User's organization information from the access token JWT or the [UserInfo](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#userinfo) or [Introspect](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#introspect) APIs.

The response from the search grants API looks like this.

```json
{
  "grants": [
    {
      "entity": {
        "clientId": "092dbded-30af-4149-9c61-b578f2c72f59",
        "clientSecret": "+fcXet9Iu2kQi61yWD9Tu4ReZ113P6yEAkr32v6WKOQ=",
        "data": {
          "companyType": "Legal"
        },
        "id": "8174f72f-5ecd-4eae-8de8-7fef597b3473",
        "insertInstant": 1595361142909,
        "lastUpdateInstant": 1595361143101,
        "name": "Raviga",
        "tenantId": "30663132-6464-6665-3032-326466613934",
        "type": {
          "id": "4838d96a-4e7b-42c6-a4a1-ebc64952e1c8",
          "insertInstant": 1518962408732,
          "jwtConfiguration": {
            "enabled": false,
            "timeToLiveInSeconds": 60
          },
          "lastUpdateInstant": 1518962408732,
          "name": "Customers"
        }
      },
      "id": "8174f72f-5ecd-4eae-8de8-6fef597b3473",
      "insertInstant": 1595361142929,
      "lastUpdateInstant": 1595361143121,
      "permissions": [
        "Admin"
      ],
      "userId": "7174f72f-5ecd-4eae-8de8-7fef597b3473"
    }
  ],
  "total": 1
}
```

You can see that the permissions are available in the response. You can extract the permissions and use them to authorize actions that the user takes or APIs they call. In this example, the User has `Admin` permission, which means they are allowed to do anything they wish.

You can store the `grant` object (or some portion of it) in various locations for easy access, for example, in a cookie (encrypted is preferred), a server-side session, or a database. The [search grants API](/docs/apis/entities/grants#search-for-grants) is designed to be queried frequently and returned quickly. Depending on the scale of the application and where FusionAuth is deployed, you could query this API for each request, ensuring that the User's permissions are always the most current.

In the companion application, the `grant` object is loaded via a middleware function and appended to the `user` object so it is available in the `req` object for each request. This middleware function is called `loadGrants` and is shown below.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/middleware/loadGrants.js"} tags="loadGrants" lang="javascript"/>

The `loadGrants` function is then added to the Express `app` request pipeline:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/app.js"} tags="loadGrantsPipeline" lang="javascript"/>


The `loadGrants` middleware function first checks if the user is authenticated before trying to retrieve the Grants, as the User is needed to find the Grants. Therefore, immediately before authentication with Passport in the `passport.authenticate` callback pipeline, the `loadGrants` middleware exits early because the User is not yet available. To tack the Grants onto the user object in this special request flow, the `loadGrants` middleware function is added to the `passport.authenticate` callback pipeline.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/app.js"} tags="loadGrantsPassport" lang="javascript"/>


Once the Grant with permissions is loaded, you can use it to authorize actions in your application. For example, you can check if the user has the `billing` permission before allowing them to view the billing page. 

The companion application uses another custom middleware function called `checkGrantPermissions` to check if the user has the required permission to access a route.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/middleware/checkGrantPermissions.js"} tags="checkGrantPermissions" lang="javascript"/>

This middleware function can be used on individual routes as below.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/routes/billing.js"} tags="billingPost" lang="javascript"/>

Notice that [all routes in the companion application](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-modeling-organizations/tree/main/complete-application/routes) are protected by the `checkGrantPermissions` middleware function, with the appropriate permissions required to access the route.

## Multiple Organizations

The final component to cover in this guide is handling multiple organizations for a single User. AwesomeCRM works with many partners, and often these partners work with many clients. This means that a user at a partner company might be working with multiple organizations at the same time. To handle this scenario, you need to ensure you can handle multiple results from the [Retrieve Grants API](/docs/apis/entities/grants#retrieve-grants).

Here's an example of the response from the [Retrieve Grants API](/docs/apis/entities/grants#retrieve-grants) when a User has multiple organizations (many properties have been trimmed for brevity).

```json
{
  "grants": [
    {
      "entity": {
        "name": "Pied Piper",
        ...
      },
      "permissions": [
        "Admin"
      ],
      ...
    },
    {
      "entity": {
        "name": "Hooli",
        ...
      },
      "permissions": [
        "Sales"
      ],
      ...
    },
    {
      "entity": {
        "name": "Aviato",
        ...
      },
      "permissions": [
        "Billing",
        "Reports"
      ],
      ...
    }
  ],
  "total": 3
}
```

This response indicates that the user belongs to three organizations and has different permissions for each. To manage this in your AwesomeCRM application, you can provide users with an option to select the company they would like to work on when they log in, as in the example below.

![Company Selection](/img/guides/organizations/account-select.png)


Notice that in the companion app `passport.authenticate` pipeline, when the user is authenticated the first time, the first Grant is selected as the default Entity for the user and added to the `req.session` object on the `selectedGrant` property.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/app.js"} tags="loadGrantsPassport" lang="javascript"/>

When the user selects another Entity to work on from the index page, the `selectedGrant` is updated with the new Entity.  

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/routes/index.js"} tags="companyPost" lang="javascript"/>

## Managing Users

Applications often allow Users to manage other Users on their account.  

* Add a User to an organization using the [grant permissions API](/docs/apis/entities/grants#grant-a-user-or-entity-permissions-to-an-entity). 
* Remove a User from an organization using the [Delete a Grant API](/docs/apis/entities/grants#delete-a-grant). 
* Adjust the permissions a User has to an organization using the [grant permissions API](/docs/apis/entities/grants#grant-a-user-or-entity-permissions-to-an-entity). The grant permissions API is an upsert, which means that if a Grant already exists, it will update its attributes.

In the companion app, managing Users is demonstrated in the [`routes/users.js` file](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-modeling-organizations/blob/main/complete-application/routes/users.js). There is a trick to getting all Users filtered by FusionAuth application. By default, getting Users from FusionAuth will return all Users in the containing tenant. You will need to use a search query combined with the [Search for Users API](/docs/apis/users#search-for-users) to find all Users in the particular application. The companion app demonstrates this in the `GET /users` route, using an [Elasticsearch query](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search/user-search-with-elasticsearch) to filter Users by application.

After filtering for the Users you want to manage, use the [grant search API function](/docs/apis/entities/grants#search-for-grants) to retrieve the Grants for each User. In the companion application, Grants are managed for a single Entity (or company) at a time. Since the API returns all Grants to all Entities associated with a User, the application filters the Grants to only show the Grant for the selected Entity.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/routes/users.js"} tags="getGrantsForAllUsers" lang="javascript"/>


## Custom Data And Search

Custom data on an Entity can be used to store additional information about the Entity, like various Ids (for Stripe, QuickBooks, or NetSuite), organization attributes (locations, parent company, and so on), or just about anything you need. Custom data on an Entity is indexed within FusionAuth, which means it is also searchable using the [Search for Entities API](/docs/apis/entities/entities#search-for-entities).

For example, say your organizations have a custom attribute for addresses like below.

```json
{
  "entity": {
    "data": {
      "address": {
        "city": "Denver"
      }
    },
    "type": {
      "id": "<entity-type-id>"
    },
    "name": "Pied Piper"
  }
}

```

You can search for the address attribute using a request like this.

```http
GET /api/entity/search?queryString=data.address.city:denver
```

This request uses the [Elasticsearch query string query syntax](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/query-dsl-query-string-query.html#query-string-syntax).

The companion application stores the address of the company in the Entity custom data, which is displayed on the `Admin` page. The custom data is returned with the Entity when it is retrieved using the [Retrieve an Entity API](/docs/apis/entities/entities#retrieve-an-entity) and doesn't need to be loaded separately.

## Changing An Organization

Beyond managing users, some applications allow you to rename or modify a User's organization. Use the [Update an Entity API](/docs/apis/entities/entities#update-an-entity) to update any Entity attribute, including custom data. 

This is demonstrated in the companion app in the [`routes/admin.js` file](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-modeling-organizations/blob/main/complete-application/routes/admin.js). This route can update the Entity name and the company address. Use the `PATCH` HTTP method for this type of operation, as it allows you to update only the fields that have changed, even when updating custom data.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/routes/admin.js"} tags="updateEntity" lang="javascript"/>


## Conclusion

This is just one of the many uses for the FusionAuth Entity Management feature, allowing you to easily implement a data model for organizations and permissions and grant the permissions to users in your application. Other uses for Entity Management include IOT (permissions to devices), machine-to-machine clients (OAuth Client Credentials), [SCIM](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/scim/) clients, and many more.

# Multi-Application Dashboard

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import IconButton from 'src/components/icon/Icon.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';

If you're using FusionAuth to manage many applications, you might want to provide your users with a central list of applications, so they know what's available. For example, Google does this for its apps.

![Google app selector](/img/docs/extend/examples/multi-application-dashboard/googleGrid.png)

In this guide, you'll learn to make a similar page — a dashboard linking to all the applications in a FusionAuth tenant.

In the language of authentication, FusionAuth is an identity provider (IdP) and your applications and websites are the service providers (SPs). One way to authenticate a user from a central dashboard is to use an IdP-initiated login. In other words, the dashboard will log the user in, and then redirect them to the selected app. In short, a service provider application will receive a login that it didn't initiate itself. This has security implications.

This guide will demonstrate a simpler and safer way to authenticate users from a central dashboard by making each application link in the dashboard point to the application's login page. From that point onward, authentication follows the standard OAuth Authorization Code grant.

The next section of this guide will show you how to make a dashboard for two existing FusionAuth applications in the same tenant. All this requires is customizing the theme for the index landing page of the FusionAuth site. The guide will first show you how to install FusionAuth and make two simple web applications. If you already have a FusionAuth installation with existing applications, you can skip ahead to [the section that creates the dashboard](#make-a-dashboard).

If you want to follow along with the full guide, you will need Docker installed.

## Download The Example Repository And Run FusionAuth

Use `git clone` to clone the repository at https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-multiapp-dashboard, or download and unzip it. 

Open a terminal in the directory containing the repository files.

Run the command below to start FusionAuth.

```sh
docker compose up
```

<Aside type="note">
If you have completed any FusionAuth tutorials before, you might need to first delete any existing FusionAuth containers with the same name and the database volumes. Run the command below to do that.

```sh
docker ps rm fa faDb; docker compose down -v
```
</Aside>

Leave FusionAuth running. 

In a new terminal, run the commands below to start a web server for the Changebank app, which uses FusionAuth for authentication. 

```sh
cd bankApp
docker compose up
```

The Changebank app is now running at http://localhost:3000. 

In a third terminal, run the commands below to start a web server for a second app that uses FusionAuth for authentication.

```sh
cd insuranceApp
docker compose up
```

The app is called Changeinsurance, and is now running at http://localhost:3001.

Before making the dashboard, check that you can log in to all three applications. Either use an incognito browser window or don't enable <InlineUIElement>[Keep me signed in](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/logout-session-management#fusionauth-sso)</InlineUIElement> when logging in, otherwise, you won't see the login form in the rest of this guide:
- Browse to FusionAuth at http://localhost:9011/admin and log in with `admin@example.com` and `password`.
  ![FusionAuth](/img/docs/extend/examples/multi-application-dashboard/fa.png)
- Browse to Changebank at http://localhost:3000 and log in with the same username and password.
  ![Changebank](/img/docs/extend/examples/multi-application-dashboard/changebank.png)
- Browse to Changeinsurance at http://localhost:3001 and log in with the same username and password.
  ![Changeinsurance](/img/docs/extend/examples/multi-application-dashboard/changeinsurance.png)

If you enabled <InlineUIElement>Keep me signed in</InlineUIElement>, logging out of an application won't necessarily log you out of FusionAuth. It will only delete the session of the application. Next time you try to log in, FusionAuth will see the FusionAuth authentication cookie in your browser and automatically log you in.

## Make A Dashboard

Now that you have applications up and running, let's build the dashboard.

Look at the current FusionAuth landing page at http://localhost:9011. 

In this section, you will change the FusionAuth landing page to display links to the two banking app web servers you started in the previous section.

Log in to your [FusionAuth web interface](http://localhost:9011/admin) and browse to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Themes</Breadcrumb>. 

Notice there are three themes in the list. The first two are the default FusionAuth themes. The last one, <InlineUIElement>Bank theme</InlineUIElement>, was added by Kickstart when you started FusionAuth up. Read about Kickstart [here](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/kickstart).

- Click the <IconButton name="edit" /> edit button in the Bank theme row's action column.
- Select the <InlineUIElement>Index</InlineUIElement> page (fourth item in the list on the left).
- Paste the code below into the text box.

<RemoteCode lang="html" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-multiapp-dashboard/refs/heads/main/theme/index.ftl" />

- Click the <IconButton name="save" /> save button at the top right.

Besides a little CSS for styling, the code above only adds links for the two applications. The links don't point to the login page of the target application. Instead, they point to the logged-in main page. If the user isn't logged in to FusionAuth, they will be automatically redirected to the app's login page. If they are already logged in, they will be taken straight to the app. This saves the user time while still protecting the application content.

To see the new landing page, browse to http://localhost:9011.
![FusionAuth app dashboard](/img/docs/extend/examples/multi-application-dashboard/dashboard.png)

You can extend this to any number of applications, just like Google does.

### Partial Access

You can require application registration for users before access is allowed. Do so by first disabling the self-service registration setting under the <Breadcrumb>Registration</Breadcrumb> tab and enabling the <InlineUIElement>Require registration</InlineUIElement> setting in the <Breadcrumb>OAuth</Breadcrumb> tab of the application.

When this is configured, a user who is not registered to the Changebank or Changeinsurance application will not be able to access it, even though they can click on the link. They simply won't be logged in.

## Clean Up

To stop the running containers run the command below.

```sh
docker compose down -v
```

## Next Steps

To make a dashboard for your FusionAuth instance, all you need to do is make links in a custom theme for the FusionAuth landing page similar to the ones shown above. [FusionAuth themes](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/) use a template language called FTL. Read more about it [here](https://freemarker.apache.org/index.html).

# Multi-tenancy

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import CrossTenantUserAccess from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_cross-tenant-access.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import MultiTenantLimitations from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_multi-tenant-limitations.mdx';

This guide will help you set up multi-tenancy in FusionAuth. Tenants allow for logical separation of users, applications and other objects in FusionAuth. 

## Why Use Multi-Tenancy

There are many reasons why you might be interested in a multi-tenant FusionAuth instance:

* Provide logical separation for configuration. With only one FusionAuth instance to manage, users, applications, API keys, and other configurable objects are kept logically distinct.
* To support building an application which you'll offer as a service, often called SaaS (Software as a Service). Each customer can be modeled as a tenant in FusionAuth.
* Managing different deployment environments. For instance, on one FusionAuth instance, you could run integration, user acceptance and developer environments. It's not recommended to run production in the same instance as other environments, however.
* To easily manage multiple developer environments. Having each developer use a tenant on a dedicated development server allows developers free reign to add, remove and modify configuration, while keeping them relatively isolated from each other.
* Per-client custom tenant level settings are needed. Examples of such settings include password rules, the issuer of JWTs, or webhook transaction levels.

FusionAuth's performant, lightweight multi-tenancy can help with any of these scenarios. If you want to learn more about FusionAuth tenants, there's an entire [Tenant core concepts section](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenants).

## Levels of Isolation

There are two different kinds of isolation possible for tenants in FusionAuth: physical and logical.

With physical isolation, you run a separate web server, database and other components (such as FusionAuth). You run the same codebase (or perhaps multiple versions). The codebase doesn't have to support multiple tenants. 

The strengths of physical separation include:

* Each tenant can live in different geographies, which may be required for compliance or data sovereignty rules.
* Downtime for one tenant doesn't affect others.
* There is no possibility of intermixing user data.
* Clients can live on different versions of your software and upgrades may be managed by them.

However, there are some downsides:

* Deployment becomes more difficult, as you need to ship artifacts to N different servers.
* It is more expensive because servers scale linearly with tenants.
* Rollup reporting or any other cross-tenant operation becomes a series of network calls.

The other option, far more common, is logical isolation. With this architecture, you have the same web server, sending traffic to different tenants based on hostname or some other attribute, with the same database. You typically have a `tenant` table and a `tenant_id` foreign key in almost every other table. Your codebase knows about these data attributes and is built with multi-tenancy in mind. 

The logical approach has the following benefits:

* Operations are much simpler; there is one application for you to manage, even though it looks to users like many different applications.
* Typically it will be less expensive. Even if you need a bigger server to handle multiple tenants, costs won't scale linearly with the number of tenants.
* Cross tenant operations such as reporting are a database query rather than network requests.

There are issues with this approach, though:

* It is more difficult to have tenants on different versions. You can do this with feature flags or other custom coding; check out how [Stripe versions their APIs](https://stripe.com/blog/api-versioning) for an example.
* One tenant's traffic can affect other tenants; this is also known as the noisy neighbor problem.
* Hosting data in different geographies becomes complex, if not impossible.

This guide covers logical isolation of tenants. If you need physical isolation with FusionAuth, run different instances. You can also [read this article for more information](/articles/identity-basics/multi-tenancy-vs-single-tenant-idaas-solutions).

## The PiedPiper Video Chat Application

To make things a bit more concrete, let's use an example. Suppose you wanted to build a Pied Piper Video Chat SaaS application(or PPVC for short). 

This will be similar to Slack in terms of how users sign up and how hostnames are used to identify different tenants, but will have a superior video experience, with patented middle out compression. This application will support multiple entirely distinct groups of users. Each user who signs up to create a tenant picks their own hostname and other configuration. 

This sets up an application that can be logged into by other users. Just as you can sign up for `foo.slack.com` and share it with your organization, PPVC will be built to let someone sign up for `foo.piedpipervideochat.com` and share the awesome video chat with their colleagues.

The creator of a PPVC tenant will be able to pick a hostname and a display background color. If someone from Hooli joins, they could set up `hooli.piedpipervideochat.com`, for example. As mentioned above, Slack uses hostnames to differentiate tenants, and PPVC will as well. If you are familiar with Slack, you may have noticed that the URL to access Slack is `your-company.slack.com`. This pattern allows Slack to route your request based upon the hostname portion of the URL, `your-company`. It also provides each customer with a unique URL which makes life simple for everyone.

<Aside type="note">
The word application is unfortunately overloaded when discussing multi-tenancy. There are actually multiple things which could all be called an "application".

* The entire PPVC application, which is the combination of all the functionality built to support the chat application. This will be referred to below as the PPVC application.
* The codebase and datastore implementing features, written in some programming language. This will be called the "web application" or the "web application codebase".
* The applications where users will sign up for the PPVC and also the place where their users will go to access the chat functionality. These all have separate users and functionality. These could live in the same codebase or in separate code bases. These will be referred to as "control plane" or "data plane" applications, unapologetically borrowing from [network routing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_plane).
* The FusionAuth application configuration, stored in FusionAuth and managed by the FusionAuth UI or API. This includes OAuth, registration and other configuration. These will be called "FusionAuth application configuration" or the "FusionAuth application object".
</Aside>

## Common Components of a Multi-Tenant Setup

While FusionAuth multi-tenancy can help with many different scenarios, as mentioned above, this rest of this guide will focus on building out the Pied Piper Video Chat SaaS application.

A control plane application manages user and tenant creation. You can integrate billing and general account management in the control plane application. This is the Slack application where you sign up for Slack itself. 

Users will video chat through one of the data plane applications. This is analogous to `foo.slack.com`.

Here are common components for a multi-tenant SaaS application:

* The control plane application, where users will create and manage tenants.
* The data plane application, where users will login and video chat.
* FusionAuth tenant and application configurations, which control how users can login and register.
* A component to determine the tenant from the hostname.
* Code to set up the tenant.
* The tenant object, which contains tenant specific data.

Let's look at each of these. 

### The Control Plane Application

When you have a multi tenant SaaS program, you need a way to manage tenants. For our example, PPVC must have a web or mobile application where users can sign up for Pied Piper Video Chat for their company. The users may be able to do other tasks, like set up the hostname, customize the look and feel, and set up billing. If you are building the PPVC application, you must charge that per user per month fee, after all, otherwise you won't be able to afford a car with doors that open by going up. 

But the control plane application doesn't enable video chat between users. Instead, the control plane application is basically a tenant management portal.

For PPVC, this app will likely deliver functionality over the web. However, the actual implementation details don't matter much for the purposes of illustrating multi-tenancy concepts.

### The Data Plane Applications

Data plane applications offer functionality to PPVC's users' users. Hooli employees will log into `hooli.piedpipervideochat.com` to chat amongst themselves, and Raviga employees will do the same at `raviga.piedpipervideochat.com`. Within each data plane application, users can have roles, language preferences, and other user profile information.

Tenant management is not part of the data plane applications. There also may be little or no overlap between the users of a data plane application and the control plane application. 

For PPVC, the data plane application will also likely deliver functionality over the web using HTML, but it could be an API used by a mobile application if that worked better for the business. The actual implementation details don't really matter for the purposes of this guide.

### FusionAuth Tenants and Applications

For each of the control and data plane applications built, corresponding FusionAuth configuration objects need to be created. The control plane application will have a corresponding FusionAuth tenant configuration where the users of the control plane application will be stored. It will also have a FusionAuth application configuration which contains application specific settings, such as whether a user can self register. Each data plane application will also have both a FusionAuth tenant configuration and a FusionAuth application configuration.

For the PPVC control plane web application, the FusionAuth objects can be created manually. Each time a user signs up and creates a new PPVC application (remember, like `foo.slack.com` is created in Slack), a new data plane FusionAuth tenant configuration will also be created.

If an employee at Raviga signs up for PPVC, a new FusionAuth tenant object will be created for Raviga, and within that tenant a new FusionAuth application configuration object. This Raviga FusionAuth tenant object is where all users of the Raviga PPVC application would be stored. 

The mapping between the data plane application and the corresponding FusionAuth tenant and application objects must be stored somewhere. In this example, each data plane application has a hostname and background display color, as well as FusionAuth configuration information. This additional metadata should be stored in the application database. This metadata will be discussed more deeply in [The Tenant Object](#the-tenant-object) section.

### Data Plane Application Tenant Determination

The data plane application needs to differentiate between different tenants. If the codebase is hosted at `piedpipervideochat.com`, there are a few ways to send incoming requests to the appropriate tenant.

* The hostname: `hooli.piedpipervideochat.com` can point to the Hooli data plane application. As mentioned above, this is similar to how Slack operates.
* User self-identification: A user provides an identifier that determines the tenant, in a separate field. This is how AWS operates.
* User choice: A user logs in and is presented with a list of data plane applications to which they can login. In this case, present this option outside of the data plane applications, perhaps in the control plane application.
* User or request attributes: If there is an attribute of the client or incoming request indicating the correct tenant, that can be used to route the user. For instance, a system may be able to read network information to determine the appropriate data plane application.

Here's an example of the hostname approach:

![The hostname approach used by Slack.](/img/docs/extend/examples/slack-hostname-based-selection.png)

Here's an example of the user self-identification approach:

![The user self-identification approach used by AWS.](/img/docs/extend/examples/aws-user-code-based-selection.png)

A distinct hostname is the easiest way to differentiate tenants. It is memorable to the user, works well with internet standards such as cookies, and scales well. That's the approach this guide will take.

### Tenant Setup

When a user signs up in the control plane application, they pick a hostname. Other configuration will happen behind the scenes. Some examples include:

* You need to set up the hostname. When someone signs up with the `hooli` hostname, you want `hooli.piedpipervideochat.com` to point to your web application where the code is running. This could be handled with DNS wildcarding or by updating DNS records automatically. 
* The FusionAuth tenant configuration and a FusionAuth application configuration must be created and configured. These objects allow the new data plane application to log users in and perform other login related tasks.
* Creating any FusionAuth roles that might be applicable, such as an `admin` role.
* Customizing the theme of the FusionAuth hosted login pages with custom colors and logos.
* Creating an initial user in the data plane application, optionally.
* Any needed metadata of the data plane application that the end user cannot modify. 

Since the data plane application is not usable for the new tenant without these configuration settings, this configuration should take place at the moment of signup. There may be other optional configuration that can be performed asynchronously.

### The Tenant Object

Within your control plane application's database, store metadata about each tenant in a table. This metadata:

* Allows your users to customize their data plane application without your intervention.
* Configures the data plane application to deliver proper functionality. The `hooli` tenant might be on a premium plan and be allowed ten chat rooms, whereas the `raviga` tenant might be on a basic plan and have a lower limit.
* Can be used for reporting as your business grows. 

Some attributes you might need in this object when implementing multi-tenancy with FusionAuth:

* The owning user: which user created this tenant. Depending on your business model, there could be a one to one or one to many mapping between users and tenants in your control plane application datastore.
* Hostname: a hostname which users of a given organization will access to get to their data plane application. Something like `hooli.piedpipervideochat.com` or `hooli` if you will always append a domain name.
* FusionAuth tenant Id: the tenant created in FusionAuth during setup.
* FusionAuth Client Id and Client Secret: this allows you to build links for users to log into the data plane application and access other OAuth functionality.
* Customization attributes: such as a logo or background color for the hosted login pages. 
* Internal attributes: about the tenant such as the plan level. 
* A tenant scoped FusionAuth API key and API key id: When the control plane application needs to modify FusionAuth configuration, it can use this API key. This API key could also be displayed to the administrators of the data plane application. Doing so will allow them to automate interactions with their users in FusionAuth. They could, for example, write a script to pull a list of their users.

## Registration and Login Flows

Let's get more concrete and continue to discuss the PPVC app. It is typical to allow users to self register for the control plane application and automatically set up a corresponding tenant. In this case, the below diagram outlines the registration flow:

```mermaid title="Registration process for the control plane application."
sequenceDiagram

participant Browser
participant pp as Pied Piper Video Chat
participant f as FusionAuth

Browser ->> pp : Registers
Browser ->> pp : Submit tenant creation form
pp ->> pp : Creates tenant object
pp ->> f : Creates needed configuration
pp ->> f : Create optional configuration
pp -->> Browser : Tenant configuration details
```

After a user has registered in the control plane application, they can log in and view details of their tenant:

![The control plane application interface.](/img/docs/extend/examples/control-plane-view.png)

Here's the login flow for a data plane application. Such a login would happen after a user had registered in the control plane application and a tenant had been created and configured. Apart from the lookup of the tenant OAuth configuration by hostname (the Client Id and Client Secret), this is a typical Authorization Code grant.

```mermaid title="Registration process for the data plane application."
sequenceDiagram

participant Browser
participant pp as Pied Piper Video Chat
participant f as FusionAuth

Browser ->> pp : Request raviga.ppvc.com
pp ->> pp : Looks up tenant from hostname
pp -->> Browser : Sends user to tenant specific login url 
Browser ->> f : Authenticates
f -->> Browser : Sends the authorization code 
Browser ->> pp : Authorization code to the redirect URL
pp ->> f : Presents code for token
f -->> pp : Sends token
pp -->> Browser : Displays chat page
Browser ->> pp : Begins chatting
```

The users of each data plane application can register or log in and see the chat window (or at least a note about the chat functionality that will later be built out). 

![The data plane application interface.](/img/docs/extend/examples/data-plane-logged-in-view.png)

Each of the data plane applications have a corresponding FusionAuth tenant configuration. Different users can have the same email address, as you can see in the below screenshot, where the `jian@fusionauth.io` user exists in the default tenant and the `ppvctest2` tenant:

![FusionAuth user dashboard.](/img/docs/extend/examples/users-dashboard-fusionauth.png)

## Setting Up the Multi-Tenant System

Let's cover the steps to build the PPVC using an external identity provider like FusionAuth. FusionAuth will be used as the user database for the control plane application as well as all related data plane applications. Here are the tasks to set up an application skeleton, configure FusionAuth and integrate them both.

* Configure a control plane application object in FusionAuth and set up your control plane application up to use that FusionAuth configuration for user sign up and login.
* Create a `tenant` table in your database, an object in your web application codebase, and CRUD methods to manage it.
* A way to create, modify, and delete FusionAuth configuration for each data plane application.
* Building the URLs to allow user login, registration and logout requests to be routed to the correct FusionAuth tenant.
* The callback handling for the Authorization Code grant within your web application codebase.

Let's look at each of these from the perspective of PPVC. If you'd prefer, you can download, review and run a [fully functional multi-tenant chat application](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-symfony-multitenant), actual video chat functionality not included.

### Initial FusionAuth Configuration

The control plane application needs a corresponding FusionAuth application configuration, as mentioned above. Create this in its own FusionAuth tenant to increase isolation. Perform the following configuration on the FusionAuth application object:

* An authorized redirect URL.
* Enable the Authorization Code grant.
* Enable self service registration, if desired.
* Specific roles, if desired.

Here's what the <Breadcrumb>OAuth</Breadcrumb> tab will look like:

![Setting up the control plane application in FusionAuth.](/img/docs/extend/examples/setting-up-the-control-plane-application.png)

Below, basic self service registration is enabled. Doing this will allow a user to sign up for the control plane application themselves. If you do not enable this, create the users in some other fashion using the [User API](/docs/apis/users).

![Allow registration on the control plane application in FusionAuth.](/img/docs/extend/examples/allowing-self-service-registration-on-the-control-plane-application.png)

Then, you need to configure your control plane application to use FusionAuth for auth. This is framework dependent, but typically involves an OAuth library.

You also need to create a Key Manager API key. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> API Keys</Breadcrumb> and create a global API key. Make sure you enable <InlineField>Key manager</InlineField> as this will be used to mint tenant scoped API keys.

![Creating a key manager API key.](/img/docs/extend/examples/creating-key-manager-api-key.png)

Finally, create a separate tenant to serve as a blueprint tenant. This tenant will provide default settings for all data plane FusionAuth tenants. Configure the email server, password complexity and other settings as you see fit. Of course, you may customize these settings further for each tenant, but having a blueprint tenant to copy makes the initial data plane tenant setup easier.

![Creating a blueprint tenant.](/img/docs/extend/examples/adding-blueprint-tenant.png)

Instead of doing all of these manually, you may also download [a kickstart file](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-kickstart/blob/main/multi-tenant-control-plane/kickstart.json), customize it, and run it using [Kickstart](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/kickstart).

### Defining The Tenant Object

The tenant object exists in your control plane and data plane applications. As outlined in [The Tenant Object](#the-tenant-object), this entity stores all tenant related information, whether FusionAuth related or application specific. Here's a sample `tenant` table definition:

```sql title="Tenant object creation DDL"
 CREATE TABLE tenant
             (
                          id                    INT NOT NULL auto_increment,
                          user_id               INT NOT NULL,
                          hostname              VARCHAR(255) collate utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
                          background_color_code VARCHAR(6) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
                          fusion_auth_tenant_id VARCHAR(255) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
                          api_key               VARCHAR(255) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
                          api_key_id            VARCHAR(255) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
                          client_id             VARCHAR(255) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
                          client_secret         VARCHAR(255) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
                          PRIMARY KEY (id),
                          UNIQUE KEY uniq_4e59c462a76ed395 (user_id),
                          UNIQUE KEY uniq_6459cd6da86ed443 (hostname),
                          CONSTRAINT fk_4e59c462a76ed395 FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES user (id)
             )
             engine=innodb DEFAULT charset=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci 
```

This implementation maps each tenant to a single user, since `user_id` is a foreign key into the local `user` table. As mentioned above, you could choose to allow users to create multiple tenants as well. 

You'll need to create a user interface to manage this data.

<Aside type="note">
You could use [Advanced Registration Forms](/docs/lifecycle/register-users/advanced-registration-forms), a premium feature, to capture tenant setup information, such as hostname, on user registration. Then you could use a webhook to create the FusionAuth configuration and the tenant object in your web application's database. This is an alternative implementation.
</Aside>

The `hostname` is an important field which will repeatedly be used in the PPVC application. The `hostname` is how the code differentiates between different data plane applications/tenants. `hostname` is forced to be unique. You may either let the user pick the hostname (such as `hooli`) or assign it (`tenant123`). In either case, the `hostname` will typically be prepended to the domain name (in this case, `piedpipervideochat.com`) to create an address that end users of PPVC can visit to chat their hearts out. 

You could of course also let the user choose an entirely different host and domain name (`chat.hooli.com`). That is a great premium feature, but requires more setup, so this guide will leave that as an exercise for the reader.

The FusionAuth specific fields in the above table are:

* `fusion_auth_tenant_id`: the UUID representing the tenant.
* `api_key`: a tenant locked API key.
* `api_key_id`: the Id of the tenant locked API key. This allows you to manage the API key.
* `client_id`: the Client Id of the data plane FusionAuth application configuration. 
* `client_secret`: the corresponding Client Secret.

Let's discuss how to obtain the FusionAuth configuration values and update the `tenant` data in your web application codebase next.

### Updating the Tenant Object With FusionAuth Configuration

To keep FusionAuth and your application in sync, you need to be able to create and delete required FusionAuth configuration for the data plane applications as they are created and removed.

<Aside type="note">
You can use [any of the client libraries](/docs/sdks/) to create FusionAuth configuration. This document happens to use PHP, but feel free to use whatever language makes the most sense in the context of your development.

You can manipulate FusionAuth with client libraries by creating JSON objects as documented by the [APIs](/docs/apis/) and then calling the corresponding operation.
</Aside>

How you manage FusionAuth configuration depends on your framework and requirements. Options for calling the FusionAuth APIs to manage the new FusionAuth tenant configuration include:

* In the same controller where you create the row in the `tenant` table, call the APIs and wait for them to return.
* Use a queue. Put a message on the queue when a new tenant row is added, then have a listener retrieve the message and create the configuration.
* Use a framework specific method to call the APIs before the tenant is saved or deleted.

For the PPVC application, the last method is used. Before the tenant information is saved to the database, the FusionAuth APIs are called and FusionAuth configuration is done. However, what makes sense depends on how many new tenants you expect to be created and how much configuration you need to do. If, for example, large numbers of PPVC users were being imported for each data plane application creation, asynchronous execution would work better. 

The minimal amount of FusionAuth configuration required:

* A FusionAuth tenant object based on the blueprint tenant set up initially.
* A FusionAuth tenant locked API key.
* A FusionAuth application object.

After these are created, the generated configuration values are stored in the data plane application's tenant object for future reference. Let's take a deeper look at each of the required FusionAuth settings.

#### Creating the FusionAuth Tenant

The easiest way to do this is to retrieve the blueprint tenant, extract the default configuration and then create the new tenant. Here's example PHP code:

```php
$fusionauthBase = 'http://login.piedpipervideochat.com/'; // or pull from config
$client = new FusionAuthClient($fusionauthKeyManagerKey, $fusionauthBase);

$result = $client->retrieveTenant($this->blueprintTenantId);
if (!$result->wasSuccessful()) {
  $this->logger->error('An error occurred!');
  $this->logger->error(var_export($result,TRUE));
  throw new FusionAuthException("Can't save: ".var_export($result,TRUE));
}

$blueprint_tenant = $result->successResponse;

// pick off what we know we want to minimize forward compatibility issues.

$tenant_object = array();
$tenant_object["name"] = $tenant->getHostname();
$tenant_object["themeId"] = $blueprint_tenant->tenant->themeId;
$tenant_object["issuer"] = 'https://'.$tenant->getHostname().".ppvc.com";

$tenant_email_configuration = $this->convertObjectToArray($blueprint_tenant->tenant->emailConfiguration);
$tenant_object["emailConfiguration"] = $tenant_email_configuration;

$tenant_jwt_configuration = $this->convertObjectToArray($blueprint_tenant->tenant->jwtConfiguration);
$tenant_object["jwtConfiguration"] = $tenant_jwt_configuration;

$tenant_externalId_configuration = $this->convertObjectToArray($blueprint_tenant->tenant->externalIdentifierConfiguration);
$tenant_object["externalIdentifierConfiguration"] = $tenant_externalId_configuration;

$tenant_request = array();
$tenant_request["tenant"] = $tenant_object;

$result = $client->createTenant('', $tenant_request);
if (!$result->wasSuccessful()) {
  $this->logger->error('An error occurred!');
  $this->logger->error(var_export($result,TRUE));
  throw new FusionAuthException("Can't save: ".var_export($result,TRUE));
} 

$new_tenant = $result->successResponse;
return $new_tenant->tenant->id;
```

In this code, you can see that the following configuration is extracted from the blueprint tenant:

* `themeId`
* `emailConfiguration`
* `jwtConfiguration`
* `externalIdentifierConfiguration`

There are only a few different values between the new data plane tenant and the blueprint tenant: 

* The name of the tenant, which is set to the hostname.
* The issuer, which is set to the expected host. 

An alternative implementation would be to copy the blueprint tenant and then patch the differences.

Either way, you could tweak any other FusionAuth tenant settings as needed. For example, if your tenants had different password complexity rules, setting them when the FusionAuth tenant object is created would ensure they were consistently applied. 

Don't forget to store the FusionAuth tenant Id in your database in the `tenant` table.

Next, let's create an API key.

#### The Tenant Locked API Key

You should set up a tenant locked API key for two reasons:

* You can use the new key for further configuration of this tenant. This follows the principle of least privilege and ensures you won't accidentally affect any other tenants.
* You can display it to your clients. They can then write scripts against FusionAuth for their own purposes, such as managing users. This is a low-cost value add that will increase the stickiness of the PPVC application.

Here's code to create the tenant scoped API key:

```php
$apikey_object = array();
$apikey_object["metaData"]["attributes"]["description"] = "API key for ".$hostname;
$apikey_object["tenantId"] = $fusionauth_tenant_id;

$apikey_request = array();
$apikey_request["apiKey"] = $apikey_object;

$result = $client->createAPIKey('', $apikey_request);
if (!$result->wasSuccessful()) {
  $this->logger->error('An error occurred!');
  $this->logger->error(var_export($result,TRUE));
  throw new FusionAuthException("Can't save: ".var_export($result,TRUE));
}

$apikey = $result->successResponse;

return [$apikey->apiKey->id, $apikey->apiKey->key];
```

Store this key in your web application's database in the `tenant` table. Both the key and the key Id must be stored. The key can be used to make other API calls. The API key Id can be used to modify the key later. 

The next action after creating the tenant scoped API key is create a new FusionAuth client that uses this less powerful key:

```php
$fusionauthTenantLockedApiKey = '...'; // returned from the previous code block
$fusionauthBase = 'http://login.piedpipervideochat.com/'; // or pull from config
$client = null;
$client = new FusionAuthClient($fusionauthTenantLockedApiKey, $fusionauthBase);
```

Then, create the FusionAuth application configuration.

#### Creating a FusionAuth Application

At this point, you are creating the FusionAuth application configuration. A FusionAuth application configuration is required for anything a user can log in to. Users like Patrice or Jason Winter might be logging into the Hooli instance of the PPVC application. The hostname (`hooli`) is required for proper FusionAuth application object configuration, as there are a number of URLs which must be configured.

```php
$saasRootDomain = '.piedpipervideochat.com'; // or pull from config
$ppvc_app_base = "https://".$hostname.$saasRootDomain; 

$application_object = array();
$application_object["name"] = "Default application for ".$hostname;

$application_oauthconfiguration = array();
$application_oauthconfiguration["authorizedRedirectURLs"] = [$ppvc_app_base."/login/callback"];
$application_oauthconfiguration["enabledGrants"] = ["authorization_code"];
$application_oauthconfiguration["logoutURL"] = $ppvc_app_base;
$application_object["oauthConfiguration"] = $application_oauthconfiguration;

$application_registrationconfiguration = array();
$application_registrationconfiguration["enabled"] = true;
$application_object["registrationConfiguration"] = $application_registrationconfiguration;

$application_request = array();
$application_request["application"] = $application_object;

$result = $client->createApplication('', $application_request);
if (!$result->wasSuccessful()) {
  $this->logger->error('An error occurred!');
  $this->logger->error(var_export($result,TRUE));
  throw new FusionAuthException("Can't save: ".var_export($result,TRUE));
}

$application = $result->successResponse;

return [$application->application->id, $application->application->oauthConfiguration->clientSecret];
```

There is a base URL constructed, something like `https://hooli.piedpipervideochat.com`. This is the base for any URLs or other data plane application specific configuration.

Users will be logging into the corresponding data plane application using the OAuth Authorization Code grant, so the `oauthConfiguration` field needs to be set up. In that section, the code:

* Enables the authorization code grant by configuring the `enabledGrants` field.
* Sets the value of `logoutURL`. This is where FusionAuth will send the user after they have logged out.
* Adds needed values to `authorizedRedirectURLs`. This callback code will be discussed later.

Once this data plane application is live, the Hooli users need to be created. You have some options:

* Allow users to sign in with a social provider.
* Create users via the FusionAuth API and an automated process.
* Allow users to sign in with an enterprise SSO provider such as an OAuth or SAML compatible identity provider.
* Let users sign up for an account.

In this code, basic self service registration is enabled:

```php
{/* ... */}
$application_registrationconfiguration = array();
$application_registrationconfiguration["enabled"] = true;
$application_object["registrationConfiguration"] = $application_registrationconfiguration;
{/* ... */}
```

If needed, any of the above options could be configured. For instance, to allow users to sign in with Google, you would create an identity provider and assign the identity provider to the FusionAuth application configuration for a new data plane application during the [Initial FusionAuth Configuration](#initial-fusionauth-configuration) step.

After the FusionAuth configuration is set up, store the FusionAuth application's Id and Client Secret. These values will be needed later.

#### Other FusionAuth Configuration

The above sections outlined all required configuration to allow a user to sign up or log in to one of the PPVC data plane applications. However, there might be other FusionAuth configuration you'll want to set up. You might want to:

* Add a user or set of users.
* Create FusionAuth registrations for them, so they'll be able to log in.
* Set up roles.
* Set up groups.
* Assign users to groups and roles.
* Create FusionAuth API keys with limited permissions, such as a read-only user query key.

Now that FusionAuth tenant objects and application objects are automatically created every time a user registers in the control plane application, the next step is to look at routing user requests to the correct data plane application/tenant.

### Routing Requests to the Correct Tenant

As mentioned in [Data Plane Application Tenant Determination](#data-plane-application-tenant-determination), you must map requests to a specific data plane application. Typically the hostname is used to determine the tenant: `hooli.piedpipervideochat.com` points to the Hooli data plane application.

#### Configure DNS and Your Web Server to Handle Wildcard Domains

You need to configure your DNS and web application server to send all requests ending in `.piedpipervideochat.com` to your running web application codebase. How to do so varies depending on your DNS provider and web application server. 

Consult your DNS provider documentation on how to point a wildcard DNS entry to a given host. If you are developing locally, you can add multiple hostnames to your `/etc/hosts` file. 

```
127.0.0.1       localhost app.piedpipervideochat.com raviga.piedpipervideochat.com hooli.piedpipervideochat.com
```

Consult your web server documentation to determine how to accept multiple hostname requests. Below is an example Apache configuration file to send traffic for multiple `piedpipervideochat.com` addresses to a proxied local web application running on port 8000.

```
<VirtualHost *:443>
  ServerName app.piedpipervideochat.com
  ServerAlias *.piedpipervideochat.com

  ProxyPreserveHost on
  ProxyPass / http://localhost:8000/ retry=1
  ProxyPassReverse / http://localhost:8000/ retry=1
</VirtualHost>
```

Make sure you are passing the `Host` header through to the web application code, since that is what the web application will use to look up the tenant object.

#### Look Up the OAuth Configuration Based On the Hostname

Once the request is received by your web application, look up the Client Id and Secret in the `tenant` table in your database based on the incoming request's hostname. 

When a request comes in to `https://hooli.piedpipervideochat.com/login`, map from the hostname (`hooli`) to the appropriate Client Id. Here is some sample code:

```php
$client_id = ''; 
$client_secret = '';
    
if ($this->isControlPlaneHost($host)) { 
  $client_id = $this->controlPlaneClientId;
  $client_secret = $this->controlPlaneClientSecret;
} else { 
  $hostname = $this->hostname($host); // converts from hooli.piedpipervideochat.com to hooli
  $repository = $this->entityManager->getRepository(Tenant::class);
  $tenant = $repository->findOneBy(array('hostname'=>$hostname));
  if ($tenant) { 
    $client_id = $tenant->getApplicationId();
    $client_secret = $tenant->getClientSecret();
  } else { 
    // throw an error, this is not a valid hostname. Doing so will allow an attacker to enumerate your supported hostnames, however.
  }
} 
return [$client_id, $client_secret];
```

The code checks to see if the host matches the control plane application. Remember, in the PPVC multi-tenant application, the web application code responds to all requests for any users, both those logging into the control plane application to create video chat tenants and the users of the video chat application logging into a data plane application. 

The OAuth configuration for the control plane application is static and was created in the [Initial FusionAuth Configuration](#initial-fusionauth-configuration) section. In contrast, for the data plane applications, the configuration is dynamic, is stored in the database, and was created in [Creating a FusionAuth Application](#creating-a-fusionauth-application). The tenant object is retrieved by the hostname and the Client Id and Client Secret are returned.

Each FusionAuth application object lives in one and only one FusionAuth tenant object, so providing the Client Id, which identifies the FusionAuth application configuration, ensures FusionAuth determines the correct FusionAuth tenant object. The Client Id is used to create the login, logout and registration links displayed in the PPVC application. These links can be used in navigation or any other location where the user might want to log in, register, or log out. Let's look at building those links next.

#### Create the Links

<Aside type="note">
The sample PPVC application leverages an open source library for managing and creating OAuth URLs. This library handles setting the `state` parameter and other niceties. If your web application framework or language has such a library, using it is highly recommended.
</Aside>

The simplified login link generation, without using a library, uses FusionAuth's well documented OAuth endpoints as well as the retrieved `client_id`:

```php
$redirectURI = '...'; // discussed below.
$fusionauthBase = 'http://login.piedpipervideochat.com/'; // or pull from config
return $fusionauthBase . '/oauth2/authorize?client_id='.$client_id.'&redirect_uri='.$redirectURI.'&response_type=code'
```

The registration URL is the same format, but uses the path `/oauth2/register` instead of `/oauth2/authorize`.

```php
$redirectURI = '...'; // discussed below.
$fusionauthBase = 'http://login.piedpipervideochat.com/'; // or pull from config
return $fusionauthBase . '/oauth2/register?client_id='.$client_id.'&redirect_uri='.$redirectURI.'&response_type=code'
```

Next up is logging out. In this case, you need to log the user out of FusionAuth and your control plane or data plane application. Because the `logoutURL` setting was configured in the FusionAuth application configuration, when the logout URL is visited, FusionAuth will first log the user out of FusionAuth and then redirect the user to that location. The code at that location should ensure it logs the user out of the control or data plane application (killing the session or otherwise doing so).

```php
$fusionauthBase = 'http://login.piedpipervideochat.com/'; // or pull from config
$fusionauthBase.'/oauth2/logout?client_id='.$clientId;
```

This logout URL works with browsers. If you are using APIs for a mobile application, revoke the refresh token instead of using the `/oauth2/logout` endpoint.

### Handling OAuth Callbacks

The final auth specific functionality for supporting multiple tenants is handling the OAuth callback. You may recall that in the [Creating a FusionAuth Application](#creating-a-fusionauth-application) section, you configured a FusionAuth application object with a given `authorizedRedirectURLs` value. It was something like: `https://hooli.piedpipervideochat.com/login/callback`. And in the most recent section, you saw code that looked like `$redirectURI = '...';`. These are the same values.

You must create a part of your web application codebase to respond to OAuth redirect requests. The code must do the following:

* Determine the tenant from the hostname to retrieve the correct Client Id and Client Secret.
* Exchange the authorization code for a token.
* Log the user into your web application.

Let's look at each of these steps.

#### Determine the Tenant's OAuth Configuration

Mapping from the hostname like `hooli` to a certain Client Id and Secret should sound familiar. It is exactly the same logic as what was done in the [Look Up the OAuth Configuration Based On the Hostname](#look-up-the-oauth-configuration-based-on-the-hostname) section.

#### Exchange the Authorization Code

To perform this exchange, it's best to use an OAuth library for your language or framework. You may also use the FusionAuth client library:

```php
$fusionauthBase = 'http://login.pipedpipervideochat.com/'; // or pull from config
$noApiKeyNeeded = '';
$client = new FusionAuthClient($noApiKeyNeeded, $fusionauthBase);

$result = $client->exchangeOAuthCodeForAccessToken($code, $client_id, $client_secret, $redirect_uri)
if (!$result->wasSuccessful()) {
  $this->logger->error('An error occurred!');
  $this->logger->error(var_export($result,TRUE));
  throw new FusionAuthException("Can't save: ".var_export($result,TRUE));
}

$oauthResult = $result->successResponse;

$token = $oauthResult->access_token;
```

### Logging the User In

At this point you have an access token and a user who has successfully authenticated. You can examine the token to determine if the user is authorized for the FusionAuth application object. You can also examine the roles assigned to this user and expose or prohibit functionality based on them.

At this point, your next step depends on the framework or programming language you are using. Create a login session in your web application. This is specific to your implementation, so is left as an exercise for the reader.

You may also create or update a local user record in your database. If there are other parts of the web application functionality which will be associated with a user, this is a common task, and many frameworks expect a local user record.

After you have set up a session in your web application, redirect to the chat page for the data plane application. The control plane application should send the user to a profile page. Distinguish between these by checking the hostname.

## API Calls

If you are not using a tenant scoped API key, provide a tenant Id when you call the FusionAuth API. There are cases where the FusionAuth tenant object can be inferred from another identifier, such as when you provide an FusionAuth application Id. But there are other times where it cannot, such as when you are creating a user. It's better to be consistent and present the FusionAuth tenant Id every time.

Throughout the API documentation, you'll see sections referencing `X-FusionAuth-TenantId` which will specify when the header should be used.

## Additional Considerations

After you've set up multiple tenants, there's still more work to do. After all, you need to build features, such as a real video chat application. 

But you have a solid foundation. Your users will be able to create their own data plane applications. And your user's users will be able to log in using FusionAuth.

There are a few other specific things worth considering, however.

### Control Plane Codebase Vs Data Plane Codebase

The control plane and data plane applications are conceptually different, but do not need to be physically distinct. You could, in other words, implement them within the same web application, as this guide did.

Doing so makes sense initially. There will be database overlap between them and it may be easier to operate a single web application than to create two distinct web or mobile applications. Both the control plane and data plane applications will be using `tenant` data. The control plane application will write the data and the data plane application will read it. You'll need to either share a database or have some other way of syncing up that data if you create separate web applications for the control and data plane applications. 

If you use the same web application for both the control and data planes, limit access to functionality based on whether the host indicates the control plane or a data plane application is executing. 

As you grow, you may want to split these apart. They will probably have different SLAs, and they'll have different features and release cycles. For an initial implementation, however, it will be simpler to build them as a single deployment artifact.

### Framework Specific User Objects

As mentioned above, oftentimes a web framework will require a local user record. This will be used for permissions checks within the framework or for relations with other objects. 

They may even require a unique email address. However, FusionAuth tenants are a separate userspace. In other words, one can sign up for `hooli.piedpipervideochat.com` and `raviga.piedpipervideochat.com` with the same `richard@fusionauth.io` email address. 

To handle this discrepancy, you can:

* Use a compound value of email address and tenant Id for the email address.
* Prepend the FusionAuth user id to the email address. This is guaranteed to be unique, since it is a UUID. 
* Pick any other unique string.

In all of these cases, you are searching FusionAuth if you need the actual user's email address.

In addition, add a field in the local user object referencing the FusionAuth user Id. For FusionAuth, you should also add a `data.applicationUserId` field, to store the identifier for the local user object. This will let you map back and forth between the local user representation and the one stored in FusionAuth, as needed. 

### User Hostname Choice

If you allow users to pick their hostnames, ensure that you have a process for handling collisions.

You also should have a manual process for dealing with squatting. For example, someone may sign up with the hostname `piedpiper`, but you probably don't want `piedpiper.piedpipervideochat.com` to be in the hands of anyone except the company who created PPVC.

## Multi-Tenant Concepts

There are five general categories of modifiable objects in FusionAuth:

* FusionAuth Tenant scoped objects
* FusionAuth Tenant attached objects
* FusionAuth Application scoped objects
* FusionAuth Application attached objects
* Global objects

A "scoped" object is contained within the enclosing object. If the latter is deleted, the former will be as well. For instance, both users and groups are scoped to a tenant, and when the enclosing tenant is deleted, the users and groups for that tenant are too. Scoped objects cannot be shared. If the PPVC application has groups for different user privileges, each tenant needs to have its own. For example, an "Admin Group" or "Moderator Group" would have to be created in each tenant.

An "attached" object, on the other hand, is linked to a different object, but if the latter is deleted, the former still exists. For instance, a signing key, created by using <Breadcrumb>Key Master</Breadcrumb>, can be associated with a tenant. When that tenant is deleted, the association is removed, but the signing key remains. 

Attached objects can be shared between peer objects. For example, PPVC can use the same signing key for the `hooli.piedpipervideochat.com` and `raviga.piedpipervideochat.com` tenants. 

Here are examples of configuration in each of these categories.

### Tenant Scoped

Here is a partial list of FusionAuth tenant scoped objects:

* Users
* Groups
* API Keys (optionally)
* Applications
* Entities

#### Cross Tenant User Access

<CrossTenantUserAccess />

### Tenant Attached

Here is a partial list of FusionAuth tenant attached objects:

* Email templates (some of them)
* Forms (some of them)
* Themes
* Connectors
* Consents
* User actions
* Webhooks

### Application Scoped

Here is a partial list of FusionAuth application scoped objects:

* Registrations
* Roles

### Application Attached

Here is a partial list of FusionAuth application attached objects:

* Identity providers
* Email templates (some of them)
* Forms (some of them)
* Lambdas

### Global Objects

There are a few objects which are globally available. APIs to manage these objects are usually available under the `system` path in the API namespace.

* API Keys (optionally)
* Login reports
* Logs
* CORS settings

If you need separate global configuration, run multiple FusionAuth instances. If you need to sync configuration between them, script your changes using the API, terraform provider, or client libraries.

## Example Applications

You can download, review and run a [fully functional multi-tenant application](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-symfony-multitenant) modeled on the PPVC application discussed in this guide. It is written in PHP and the Symfony framework. Actual video chat functionality is not included.

If you want a simpler multi-tenant application, here's [one written in node](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-node-multi-tenant).

## Limits

<MultiTenantLimitations />

# Twilio Segment

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import IconButton from 'src/components/IconButton.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

[Twilio Segment](https://segment.com) consolidates information about your users from multiple sources. For instance, you might collect purchasing information from your website, interaction patterns from your mobile app, customer feedback through your support channels, and engagement data from email marketing.

This guide shows you how to send FusionAuth data to Segment. Specifically, when a user is created or updated in FusionAuth, they are added to Segment with all their metadata. When the user logs in to FusionAuth, the event is saved in Segment.

## Understand The System Design

Running FusionAuth and PostgreSQL in Docker usually looks like the diagram below (you might also run OpenSearch in another Docker container).

![Running FusionAuth architecture](/img/docs/extend/examples/segment/Diagram1.png)

In this guide, you will use [webhooks](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks) to send data from FusionAuth to Segment. Unfortunately, FusionAuth does not allow you to set which events trigger which webhooks. Instead, any event will trigger **all** webhooks. So you have to write an adapter web service that receives the webhook call from FusionAuth, checks what event caused the call, and forwards the appropriate information to Segment.

While Segment stores all the events you send, you can't query Segment's store to extract information. Instead, Segment is intended as a communications hub that receives data from multiple **sources**, filters, adjusts, and merges the data, and sends it to multiple **destinations**. The easiest destination to configure is a PostgreSQL database.

This design looks like the diagram below.

![System design with Segment ](/img/docs/extend/examples/segment/Diagram2.png)

If you already use Segment, you will have your own data warehouse configured, and that's fine. Once you've finished following this guide, using a fresh warehouse for testing, you can add your production warehouse as a destination for the new FusionAuth source.

You're going to follow the steps below in the next sections:
- Create a free cloud-hosted PostgreSQL database.
- Create a free Segment account and connect the database as a destination and FusionAuth as a source.
- Create a filtering web service to receive FusionAuth webhooks and forward some event types to Segment.
- Run FusionAuth, create a new user, and log in with that user to test the whole system.

## Create A PostgreSQL Database In Aiven

In this section, you'll create a free fresh database to act as a Segment destination. If you already have a server with a public IP address and PostgreSQL installed, you can use that instead.

- Browse to https://aiven.io and click <InlineUIElement>Get started for free</InlineUIElement>.
- Sign up for a new account and create a new database. Follow the wizard to the end and wait for the new database instance to start.
- The screenshot below shows a project called `fa` and a database called `defaultdb`.
  ![Aiven database connection details](/img/docs/extend/examples/segment/segmentAivenDatabase.png)
- The Aiven overview page shown above lists all the details you need to create a PostgreSQL connection: host, port, database, username, and password. You can test your connection in a cross-platform database IDE like [DBeaver](https://dbeaver.io/download) or [Azure Data Studio](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure-data-studio/download-azure-data-studio?tabs=win-install%2Cwin-user-install%2Credhat-install%2Cwindows-uninstall%2Credhat-uninstall#download-azure-data-studio) (ADS). If you use ADS, install the PostgreSQL extension in the sidebar before trying to create a database connection. The details shown in the new connection window below match the ones in the Aiven list above, and will be similar for your database.
  ![DBeaver](/img/docs/extend/examples/segment/segmentDbeaver.png)

This is all you need for a Segment destination.

Other options are available, but they may be a bit more difficult to use:
- Neon.tech created a database that had connection errors from Segment ("Endpoint ID does not exist").
- Render.com needs credit card details.
- Google Sheets can be used as a destination, but requires manually-created multiple mappings between source event types and the flat format requirement for a spreadsheet. It's more tedious than using an automated relational database.

## Create A Segment Account

If you don't have a Segment account, register for one:

- Register for a new workspace at https://segment.com/signup.
- Browse to https://app.segment.com.

Add FusionAuth as a source:

- Click <Breadcrumb>Connections -> Sources</Breadcrumb> in the sidebar.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Add source</InlineUIElement>.
- Choose <InlineUIElement>HTTP API</InlineUIElement> and click <InlineUIElement>Add Source</InlineUIElement>. (The Segment API is documented [here](https://segment.com/docs/connections/sources/catalog/libraries/server/http-api)).
- Give the source the <InlineField>Name</InlineField> `fa`.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Add Source</InlineUIElement>.
- Note your <InlineField>Write Key</InlineField>. Keep it secret and do not commit it to GitHub.

Add PostgreSQL as a destination:

- Click <Breadcrumb>Connections -> Destinations</Breadcrumb> in the sidebar.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Add destination</InlineUIElement>.
- Choose <InlineUIElement>Postgres</InlineUIElement>.
- Add your connection details from Aiven and test the connection.
- Save and continue.

![Synchronize warehouse](/img/docs/extend/examples/segment/segmentSyncWarehouse.png)

## Create A Filtering Web Service

Follow the steps below to write a web service that receives the webhook calls from FusionAuth, filters them by event, and forwards relevant events to Segment.

- Create a file called `app.mjs`. You will use Node.js for the adapter web service in this guide, but the code is simple enough to easily code it in your favorite language.
- Add the content below to `app.mjs`. Set your `_writeKey` from Segment.
  ```js
  import express from 'express';
  import axios   from 'axios';

  const _writeKey = '8iVzf647lDo07';
  const _apiUrl   = 'https://api.segment.io';

  const app = express();
  app.use(express.json());

  app.post('/', (req, res) => {
      try {
          console.log(`Received event of type: ${req.body.event.type}`);
          if (req.body.event.type == 'user.create.complete') callSegmentIdentify(req.body);
          if (req.body.event.type == 'user.email.update')    callSegmentIdentify(req.body);
          if (req.body.event.type == 'user.login.success')   callSegmentTrack(req.body);
          if (req.body.event.type == 'user.update.complete') callSegmentIdentify(req.body);
          res.send('Event processed');
      }
      catch (error) {
          console.log('Invalid request data');
          console.dir(error);
          res.status(500).send('Internal server error');
      }
  });

  app.listen(80, '0.0.0.0', () => {console.log('Server running on port 80');});

  function convertToDate(timestamp) {
      if (!timestamp) return '';
      return new Date(timestamp).toISOString();
  }

  async function callSegmentIdentify(body) {
      const data = {
          'writeKey': _writeKey,
          'event': body.event.type,
          'userId': body.event.user.id,
          "timestamp": convertToDate(body.event.createInstant),
          "context": {
              'ip': body.event.ipAddress,
              'deviceName': body.event.info.deviceName,
              'deviceType': body.event.info.deviceType,
              'userAgent': body.event.info.userAgent,
          },
          "traits": {
              'data': body.event.data,
              "email": body.event.user.email,
              "firstName": body.event.user.firstName,
              "lastName": body.event.user.lastName,
              'active': body.event.user.active,
              'birthDate': body.event.user.birthDate,
              'connectorId': body.event.user.connectorId,
              'insertInstant': body.event.user.insertInstant,
              'lastLoginInstant': body.event.user.lastLoginInstant,
              'lastUpdateInstant': body.event.user.lastUpdateInstant,
              'memberships': body.event.memberships,
              'passwordChangeRequired': body.event.user.passwordChangeRequired,
              'passwordLastUpdateInstant': body.event.user.passwordLastUpdateInstant,
              'preferredLanguages': body.event.preferredLanguages,
              'registrations': body.event.registrations,
              'tenantId': body.event.user.tenantId,
              'twoFactor': body.event.twoFactor,
              'usernameStatus': body.event.user.usernameStatus,
              'verified': body.event.user.verified,
              'verifiedInstant': body.event.user.verifiedInstant
          },
      };
      await axios.post(`${_apiUrl}/v1/identify`, data, { headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' } })
          .catch(error => console.dir(error));
  }

  async function callSegmentTrack(body) {
    const data = {
        'writeKey': _writeKey,
        'event': body.event.type,
        'userId': body.event.user.id,
        "timestamp": convertToDate(body.createInstant),
        "properties": { /* none yet */ },
        "context": {
            'ip': body.event.ipAddress,
            'deviceName': body.event.info.deviceName,
            'deviceType': body.event.info.deviceType,
            'userAgent': body.event.info.userAgent,
            'applicationId' : body.event.applicationId,
        },
    };
    await axios.post(`${_apiUrl}/v1/track`, data, { headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' } })
        .catch(error => console.dir(error));
  }
  ```
- The Segment API endpoint URL might differ depending on whether you created your workspace in the USA or EU. Either https://events.eu1.segmentapis.com or https://api.segment.io/v1.

The code above has three important functions:
- An Express POST method listens to all incoming FusionAuth webhooks but responds only to those you care about, like the line `(req.body.event.type == 'user.create.complete')`.
- `callSegmentIdentify()` calls the Segment `identify` method to update user information. The call is made only for FusionAuth update completed webhooks. User data goes in the `traits` property.
- `callSegmentTrack()` calls the Segment `track` method to associate an event with a user. This script only tracks logins, but you could add any event you need. Data about the event goes in the `properties` property. There isn't any data to add for a successful login.

If you want to test sending an event to Segment manually, you can run the curl command below using your `writeKey`.
  ```sh
  curl -v --location 'https://api.segment.io/v1/track'   --header 'Content-Type: application/json'   --data-raw '{
      "event": "user.login.success",
      "userId": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001",
      "writeKey": "8iVzf6"
  }'
  ```

The Segment API [returns a successful status code for most errors](https://segment.com/docs/connections/sources/catalog/libraries/server/http-api/#errors). Check the debugger log on the Segment website if your data does not show in the Segment events list.

## Run FusionAuth

Now that Segment is prepared and you have a service to send events, you can start FusionAuth and begin testing.

- Install [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/) if you don't have it on your machine.
- Clone the [FusionAuth example Docker Compose repository](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-docker-compose) to your computer.
- In your terminal, navigate to the `light` directory in the repository. You will work in this directory for the rest of this guide, creating files and running terminal commands.
- Copy the previously created `app.mjs` script into this directory.
- Edit the `docker-compose.yml` file from the FusionAuth kickstart example project to add the new service below. The service will be a Node.js container that runs your `app.mjs` script.
  ```yaml
  fa_seg:
    image: segimage
    container_name: fa_seg
    networks:
      - db_net
  ```
- Create the file `Dockerfile` with the content below.
  ```sh
  FROM --platform=linux/amd64 alpine:3.19
  RUN apk add --no-cache curl nodejs npm bash
  RUN mkdir /app; cd /app; npm install express axios;
  COPY app.mjs /app/app.mjs
  CMD node /app/app.mjs
  ```
- Run the command below to build the `segimage` image with the script.
  ```sh
  docker build --no-cache --platform linux/amd64 -t segimage .
  ```
- Start FusionAuth and the filtering service with `docker compose up`.

## Enable Webhooks

Now that FusionAuth is running, you can enable webhooks so that events start to flow from FusionAuth into the filtering service.

- Browse to http://localhost:9011/admin and check you can log in with `admin@example.com` and `password`.
- In the FusionAuth web interface, browse to Tenants.
- Edit the default tenant.
- Click the <Breadcrumb>Webhooks</Breadcrumb> tab.
- Enable webhooks for the events:
  - [x] user.create.complete
  - [x] user.email.update
  - [x] user.login.success
  - [x] user.update.complete
- Click <IconButton icon="save" color="blue"/> at the top right of the page.
- Browse to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Webhooks</Breadcrumb>.
- Click <IconButton icon="add" color="green"/> at the top right.
- Enter the URL `http://fa_seg`.
- Click <IconButton icon="save" color="blue"/> at the top right. All events are enabled by default. You don't need to worry about security because the receiving service will run on the same Docker network as FusionAuth.

You can click Test on the created webhook now to see example JSON for all the events that will be sent.

## Test The System

First test the `track` event in Segment.

Log out of FusionAuth and log in again.

In the terminal, you should see a notification from the filtering script:
```sh
fa_seg  | Received event of type: user.login.success
```

In Segment, you should see your event arriving. You may have to refresh the page. If you cannot see your event, consult the troubleshooting section at the end of this guide.

![Segment event debugger](/img/docs/extend/examples/segment/segmentEventReceived.png)

If you connected DBeaver to your PostgreSQL database earlier, you should be able to refresh your tables and see that data has arrived in the destination table.

To test the `identify` event, create a new user.

Browse to http://localhost:9011/admin/user and create a new user with any details.

![New FusionAuth user](/img/docs/extend/examples/segment/segmentNewUser.png)

In the terminal, you should see a notification from the filtering script:

```sh
fa_seg  | Received event of type: user.create.complete
```

The event should show in the Segment event list as an `identify` type. The new event might not propagate to PostgreSQL until the Segment store is synchronized with the warehouse in a few hours.

## Next Steps

Now that your FusionAuth user data is available in your data warehouse, you can write a SQL query on user Id or email address to match user data in FusionAuth to user activity sent to Segment from your other apps.

At this stage, you might want to:
- Add more event types to the filtering script.
- Change the user data sent to Segment (being mindful of your users' data privacy).
- Forward the data to your real destinations instead of the test PostgreSQL instance.

## Troubleshooting

If you don't see events arrive in Segment, try the following:

- Run the curl command manually to send events to Segment.
- Check that the URL details and key are correct.
- Check the event debug log in Segment to see if events are being rejected due to a flaw in the JSON, even though an HTTP 200 code is returned.

If curl works but the Node.js script fails, try debugging on your physical machine instead of in Docker.
- Install Node.js.
- Change the webhook URL in FusionAuth settings from `http://fa_seg` to `http://host.docker.internal:3000`.
- Open the `app.mjs` script in Visual Studio Code.
- Change `app.listen(80, '0.0.0.0', ` to `app.listen(3000, '0.0.0.0', `.
- Run the script from the VS Code debug sidebar to see where errors occur.

# Fine-Grained Authorization

import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';

Fine-grained authorization (FGA) makes granular decisions about what data and features users can access within your applications.

Unlike the role-based access control (RBAC) provided by FusionAuth [roles](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/roles) and [applications](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications), fine-grained authorization enables you to define custom permissions for specific resources. You can also implement attribute-based access control (ABAC), relationship based access control (ReBaC), or create custom permission models tailored to your application's requirements.

## Examples

Here are examples of systems where FGA is useful:

* Facebook Groups, where all members can post, but only the original poster or group admins can edit a post.
* A healthcare system, where a doctor can only create, view or modify records for their patients. Patients can view their records or delegate access to a guardian. Only admins can delete a record.
* Google Drive, where a user can be granted permissions to a single file, a folder of files, or a drive containing many folders.
* A fintech application, where an organization can require that approvals over a certain amount be approved either by an admin or by two organization members

## Usage

To use Authorization With FusionAuth FGA by Permify to implement fine-grained authorization in your web or mobile application, do the following:

* Install Permify.
* Set up your Permify schema including users and application entities.
* Add authorization data mapping relationships between FusionAuth users and Permify entities.
* Add permission checks to your application to control access to functionality and data.

<Aside type="note">
  Permify uses the term entities to refer to anything that can have a relation in a Permify authorization schema. This is distinct from [FusionAuth entities](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/entity-management), which has no formal schema and is instead managed by code.

  For the remainder of this document, when the term entities is used, it refers to Permify entities. They may also be called fine-grained entities.
</Aside>

Let's look at each of these steps in more detail using an example.

## Licensing And Support

You can run Permify the open-source project on your own for free, forever. For more information, see the [Permify documentation](/permify-docs/).

Support for FusionAuth FGA by Permify requires an Enterprise plan, as does provisioning FusionAuth FGA by Permify instances in FusionAuth Cloud. [Contact us](/contact) for more details.

## The Example Scenario

Suppose you have a banking application for which you want to manage access. Each bank has roles such as `member` or `teller`. People can have different roles at different banks. In addition, there are actions that can only be performed at certain times of day.

Using fine-grained authorization allows you to control access to each part of the banking application.

If you want to see a fully functioning application, [clone the example GitHub repository](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-fine-grained-authorization/) and follow the instructions in the readme.

### Installing Permify

To install Permify, please refer to the [Permify deployment guides](/permify-docs/setting-up/installation/intro). These also offer guidance on system requirements and how to deploy the software into Kubernetes and other environments.

For local development, you can run Permify using Docker similarly to how you can run FusionAuth. 

The following excerpt from a `docker-compose.yml` file creates a Permify instance for this banking example:

<RemoteCode lang="yaml"
            url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-fine-grained-authorization/refs/heads/main/docker-compose.yml"
            title="Permify docker compose section" 
            tags="permifyDockerCompose"
            />

Review the Permify configuration reference for [supported configuration options](/permify-docs/setting-up/configuration).

### Set Up The Permify Schema

The following schema defines the relationships between entities in the example banking scenario:

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-fine-grained-authorization/refs/heads/main/permify-setup/authmodel.txt"
            title="FGA schema" 
            />

The `user` entity represents users and the `bank` entity represents a bank.

The `bank` entity has `relation`s, `attribute`s and `action`s:

* a `relation` defines a relationship between two entities, such as the `vp` role for a user
* an `attribute` is a value associated with an entity, such as the `open_hour` for a bank
* an `action` is the name of a permission that can be checked using the Permify API or SDK, such as viewing the `account` page

You can also write a `rule` like `is_in_time_range`. Rules use attributes from an entity to codify more complicated permission logic. Rules can be global or associated with a particular entity definition.

You can test a custom schema using the [Permify playground](https://play.permify.co/). This lets you verify correctness as well as visualize relationships.

For this tutorial, run the following Node.js script to load the schema into Permify:

<RemoteCode language="typescript"
            url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-fine-grained-authorization/refs/heads/main/permify-setup/src/schema.ts"
            title="FGA schema load script" 
            />

### Add Authorization Data

Once you have a schema, add authorization data to define entity relationships and attributes. This data will be used during the permission check step to determine if requested permissions are allowed.

The following example assigns each user a role at a bank with an Id of `1`:

<RemoteCode language="typescript"
            url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-fine-grained-authorization/refs/heads/main/permify-setup/src/loaddata.ts"
            title="Loading relationships" 
            tags="loadRelationships"
            />

You can also assign attributes to entities. The following example assigns the bank with the Id of `1` an opening hour and a closing hour:

<RemoteCode language="typescript"
            url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-fine-grained-authorization/refs/heads/main/permify-setup/src/loaddata.ts"
            title="Loading attributes" 
            tags="loadAttributes"
            />

### Add Permission Checks

Finally, add permission checks to your application code. A check returns a value based on whether the action is allowed. Permify uses multiple pieces of data to determine if a given permission is granted. These include:

* the requested permission, which corresponds to the action defined in the schema, such as `account` or `admin`
* the entity Ids and types
* the subject Id, which indicates who is asking for this permission
* any context, such as the time or the requester's IP address

Here's an example which has the following data:

* a permission stored in the `permission` variable
* an entity of type `bank` with an identifier of `1`
* a subject of type `user` with an identifier drawn from a token
* the current hour

<RemoteCode language="typescript"
            url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-fine-grained-authorization/refs/heads/main/app/src/index.ts"
            title="Checking permissions" 
            tags="checkingPermission"
            />

This check compares the value returned from Permify to the `CHECK_RESULT_ALLOWED` constant to determine if the check succeeded.

#### Where To Place Checks

The example application maps permissions directly to pages and does the check on every request.

There are other points in any application where you can enforce authorization. These are business logic specific.

You can also perform multiple checks. For example, you can check a user's permission:

* in the UX, which offers a better user experience, but don't rely on this to secure access
* in the backend API
* at the gateway
* when performing non-idempotent operations such as modifying data
* when performing high risk operations

## Designing Your Schema

Designing your authorization schema is a large topic that won't be covered here. Permify has modeling documentation:

* [A modeling authorization guide](/permify-docs/getting-started/modeling)
* [RBAC modeling guides](/permify-docs/modeling-guides/rbac/custom-roles)
* [ABAC modeling guides](/permify-docs/modeling-guides/abac/public-private)
* [ReBAC modeling guides](/permify-docs/modeling-guides/rebac/hierarchies)

If you'd like assistance beyond the documentation, [contact us](/contact).

## Limitations

When using FusionAuth FGA by Permify, both FusionAuth and Permify are required. Plan to manage and upgrade both of these software applications.

[Maintaining the authorization data](#add-authorization-data) is a continuous process, not a one-time operation. Plan to keep the following data synced between the source of record and Permify:

* user data
* application specific entities
* relations between users and entities

For user data, you can use the [User Create](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/user-create) and [User Update](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/user-update) webhooks to propagate user data. Make these webhooks transactional, but fast, so use something like a durable queue to receive the events. Or if you have Kafka in your system already, [publish them to Kafka](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/kafka). Then, use one of the [Permify SDKs](/permify-docs/getting-started/enforcement#sdks) and whenever changes occur, update Permify.

For application-specific entities and relations, use one of the [Permify SDKs](/permify-docs/getting-started/enforcement#sdks) and whenever changes occur, update Permify.

You can store relations in FusionAuth, in the `user.data` field. In this case, you'll need to sync relations from FusionAuth to Permify using the same webhook consumer that updates user data.

## Links

* Read about [FusionAuth FGA by Permify](/docs/extend/fine-grained-authorization).
* Learn more about [different authorization models](/articles/identity-basics/authorization-models).
* Run an [example application with fine-grained authorization](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-fine-grained-authorization).

# Extend

import PageNavCard from '/src/components/PageNavCard.astro';

This section contains information about various ways you can enhance FusionAuth's base functionality.

## Code

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/extend/code/lambdas" title="Lambdas"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/extend/code/password-hashes" title="Plugins"/>
</div>

## Events & Webhooks

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks" title="Events & Webhooks"/>
</div>

## Examples

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/extend/examples/example-repos" title="Example Repositories"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/extend/examples/multi-tenant" title="Multi-Tenant Example"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/extend/examples/multi-application-dashboard" title="Multi-application Dashboard"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/extend/examples/modeling-hierarchies" title="Modeling Hierarchies"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/extend/examples/modeling-organizations" title="Modeling Organizations"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/extend/examples/5-minute-intro" title="5 Minute Intro"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/extend/examples/device-limiting" title="Device Limiting"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/extend/examples/twilio-segment" title="Connect FusionAuth to Twilio Segment"/>
</div>

# Applications

import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import Icon from 'src/components/icon/Icon.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import EnterprisePlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_enterprise-plan-blurb.astro';
import PremiumPlanBlurbApi from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb-api.astro';
import RoleAttributes from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_role_attributes.mdx';
import ReadOnly from 'src/components/api/ReadOnly.astro';
import Optional from 'src/components/api/Optional.astro';
import TemplateSettings from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_template-settings.mdx';
import ApplicationLambdaSettings from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_application-lambda-settings.mdx';
import ApplicationJsonWebTokenSettings from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_application-json-web-token-settings.mdx';
import ApplicationOAuthSettings from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_application-oauth-settings.mdx';
import ApplicationScopesSettings from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_application-scopes-settings.mdx';
import RefreshTokenSettings from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_refresh-token-settings.mdx';
import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import AdvancedPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_advanced-plan-blurb.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

A FusionAuth Application is simply something a user can log into. When you use the Login API, you will provide an `applicationId` to indicate what resource you're attempting to obtain authorization. When you use one of the OAuth2 / OpenID Connect authorization grants you will provide a `client_id` in some fashion. This client identifier will be unique to a single FusionAuth Application which allows FusionAuth to verify the User is registered for the requested Application and subsequently return the correct roles. The `applicationId` and `client_id` can be considered synonymous, both concepts use the same `Id` value.

A FusionAuth Application holds configuration for how your applications interact with FusionAuth. A one to one mapping between an external web, mobile or desktop application and a FusionAuth Application is not required. All of these mappings are supported:

* One to one. Each application has one Application configuration.
* Many to one. Multiple web and mobile applications use one FusionAuth Application config.
* One to many. One web application can auth against multiple FusionAuth Applications, if different authentication scenarios needed to be handled in one application (this isn't very common, though).

Here's a brief video covering some aspects of applications:

<YouTube id="DaZbwrA7M90" />

## Core Concepts Relationships

Below is a visual reminder of the relationships between FusionAuth's primary core concepts.

![Diagram showing Applications used within FusionAuth](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/core-concepts-relationships-applications.png)

## Admin UI

This page describes the admin UI for creating and configuring an Application.

### Add an Application

Before you start your integration with FusionAuth you need to set up at least one Application. Click on <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> from the left navigation to begin.

![Create an Application](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/create-application.png)

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Id" optional>
    An optional UUID. When this value is omitted a unique Id will be generated automatically. This will also be used as the <InlineField>Client Id</InlineField> in the <InlineUIElement>OAuth</InlineUIElement> configuration, so if you require a specific value for that, set it here. Application Ids are unique across all tenants.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Name" required>
    The name of the Application. This value is for display purposes only and can be changed at any time.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Universal" required>
    When enabled, the created application will be a [universal application](#universal-applications). A regular application is assigned to a single tenant, while a universal application exists in all tenants. 

    This setting cannot be changed after the application has been created.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Tenant" required>
    The tenant in which to create this Application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Theme" optional since="1.27.0">
    When a theme is selected, it will  be used for this application instead of the tenant theme.

    <PremiumPlanBlurbApi feature="application themes" />

  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Roles

The Roles tab will only be available on the Add Application form. To manage roles after the Application has been created you will use the Manage Roles action.

#### Table Columns

<RoleAttributes />

To manage Application Roles after you have added an Application, click the <Icon name="user"/> Manage Roles button on the index page. To edit an Application click the <Icon name="edit"/> edit icon. The following sections will walk you through each panel for the edit action.

![Applications](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications.png)

### OAuth

The OAuth tab allows you to configure the OAuth2 and OpenID Connect settings specific to this Application.

![Application OAuth configuration](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/application-oauth.png)

#### Form Fields

<ApplicationOAuthSettings />

### Scopes

<Aside type="version">
  Available since 1.50.0
</Aside>

The Scopes tab allows you to configure OAuth scope settings specific to this Application. To manage custom OAuth Scopes, click the <InlineUIElement>Manage Scopes</InlineUIElement> button in the action dropdown a the top of the page or click the link to `Manage custom scopes` from the <Breadcrumb>Scopes</Breadcrumb> tab. See [Scopes](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/scopes) for more detail.

![Application Scopes configuration](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/application-scopes.png)

#### Form Fields

<ApplicationScopesSettings />

### CleanSpeak

The CleanSpeak configuration panel allows you to optionally configure username filtering through the use of a CleanSpeak integration. See [CleanSpeak Integration](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/cleanspeak) for additional configuration details.

The use of this feature requires a licensed instance of CleanSpeak. See https://cleanspeak.com for additional information.

![No Application Webhooks](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/application-cleanspeak.png)

### Identities

The identities configuration allows you to optionally select customized email or message templates for this Application. When configured, an application specific template will be used instead of the corresponding tenant configured template.

![Application Identities](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/application-identities.png)

#### Form Fields

<TemplateSettings page="application" />


### JWT

The JWT configuration allows you to provide application specific JWT configuration. When this panel is left in the default state as shown in this screenshot without the enable toggle turned on, the JWT configuration provided by the Tenant will be utilized.

![Application JWT disabled](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/application-jwt-disabled.png)

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Enabled" optional>
    When enabled you may configure Application specific JWT configuration including signing keys, durations, etc.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Lambda Settings

<ApplicationLambdaSettings />

Once you have enabled JWT configuration for this Application you will be provided with additional configuration options.

![Application JWT enabled](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/application-jwt-enabled-configuration.png)

#### JWT Settings

<ApplicationJsonWebTokenSettings />

![Application Refresh Token configuration](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/application-jwt-enabled-refresh-token.png)

#### Refresh Token Settings

<RefreshTokenSettings />

### Multi-Factor

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

The multi-factor configuration allows you to provide Application specific multi-factor settings.

![Multi-Factor Authentication configuration](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/application-mfa.png)

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="On login policy" optional>
    When set to `Enabled` a two-factor challenge will be required during login when a user has configured one or more two-factor methods. When set to `Disabled`, even when a user has one or more two-factor methods configured, a two-factor challenge will not be required during login. When set to `Required`, a two-factor challenge will be required during login. If a user does not have configured two-factor methods, they will not be able to log in.

    Supported values include:

    * No application policy selected. Multi-factor authentication is managed by the tenant.
    * Enabled. A challenge will be required during login when an eligible method is available.
    * Disabled. A challenge will not be required during login.
    * Required. A challenge will be required during login. &nbsp; <AvailableSince since="1.42.0"/>
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Trust policy" optional>
    When <InlineField>On login policy</InlineField> is set to `Enabled` or `Required`, the following field will be displayed. This value will control how the two-factor trust value is utilized.

    Supported values include:

    * Any. Trust obtained from any application is sufficient to bypass the challenge during login.
    * This Application. Only trust obtained from this application is sufficient to bypass to challenge during login.
    * None. The user will always be prompted to complete a challenge during login.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Email template" optional>
    When a template is selected, it will be used to send a multi-factor authentication code when the email MFA method is used and a user is signing in to this application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="SMS template" optional>
    When a template is selected, it will be used to send a multi-factor authentication code when the SMS MFA method is used and a user is signing in to this application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="MFA requirement lambda" since="1.62.0" optional>
    The MFA requirement lambda that will be invoked during logins, password changes, and MFA Status API calls. FusionAuth uses this lambda to determine whether to challenge the user with MFA. The lambda assigned to the application will override the lambda assigned to the application's tenant.

    You can customize this logic to:

    * Change FusionAuth’s MFA decision for a user.
    * Trigger a suspicious login event based on your criteria./>
    <EnterprisePlanBlurb />
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### WebAuthn

<AdvancedPlanBlurb />

The WebAuthn configuration allows you to configure which WebAuthn workflows are enabled for the Application, overriding the Tenant configuration.

![WebAuthn configuration](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/application-webauthn.png)

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Enabled" optional>
    When disabled, the tenant configuration for enabled WebAuthn workflows will be used. When enabled, the options on this page will be used to override which WebAuthn workflows are enabled for this application.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Bootstrap settings

The bootstrap workflow is used when the user must "bootstrap" the authentication process by identifying themselves prior to the WebAuthn ceremony and can be used to authenticate from a new device using WebAuthn.

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Enabled" optional>
    When enabled, users will be able to use the WebAuthn bootstrap workflow to sign in, including on new devices.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Re-authentication settings

The re-authentication workflow is used to streamline the login process for repeat logins on a device.

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Enabled" optional>
    When enabled, users will be able to use the WebAuthn re-authentication workflow for repeat logins on their device.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Registration

The registration configuration allows you to provide Application specific registration configuration.

![Application Registration](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/application-registration-verify.png)

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Verify registrations" optional>
    When enabled a registration can be verified using an email workflow. This is similar to the email verification process, which occurs when a user is first created. Verifying a registration allows you to send an email to an end user and allows them to confirm they registered for this specific application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Verification template" required>
    The email template to be used when sending the Registration Verification email to the end user.

    Required when <InlineField>Verify registrations</InlineField> field toggle has been enabled.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Delete unverified registrations" optional>
    When enabled, the system will delete registrations for users who have not verified their registration for this application after a configurable duration since the registration occurred.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Delete after" required>
    The duration in days for which a user's registration to this application must exist and remain unverified before being deleted.

    Required when <InlineField>Delete unverified registrations</InlineField> field toggle has been enabled.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


#### Self Service Registration

Self service registration allows users to register for this application themselves. If this is not enabled, users must be created using the APIs or the administrative user interface.

There are two types of self service registration, basic and advanced.

![Self Service Registration](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/application-registration-self-service-enabled.png)

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Enabled" optional>
    When enabled, a button on the login page will be rendered to allow users to create a new account.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Type" optional>
    Select <InlineUIElement>Basic</InlineUIElement> or <InlineUIElement>Advanced</InlineUIElement> self service registration forms.

    A paid plan of FusionAuth is required to use the Advanced self service registration forms.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

![Basic Self Service Registration](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/application-registration-basic.png)

#### Basic Self Service Registration

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Confirm password" optional>
    Toggle this field if you want FusionAuth to require a password confirmation during registration.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Login type" optional>
    This field indicates if the email address or username should be the user's unique identifier.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Registration fields" optional>
    The optional fields to be displayed on the registration form.
  </APIField>

  <APIField name="Field" readonly>
     The user attribute that can be shown on the registration form. Each field can be <InlineField>Enabled</InlineField> and/or <InlineField>Required</InlineField>.
  </APIField>

  <APIField name="Enabled" optional>
     This field will be shown on the registration form.
  </APIField>

  <APIField name="Required" optional>
        This field will be required and the user will be unable to complete registration unless the field is provided. If this field is not also <InlineField>Enabled</InlineField> then it will not be required.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

![Advanced Self Service Registration](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/application-registration-advanced.png)

#### Advanced Self Service Registration

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

Advanced self service registration allows you to create a custom registration form, including validation, custom form fields, and multiple steps. [Learn more in the guide](/feature/user-registration).

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Enabled" optional>
    When enabled, a button on the login page will be rendered to allow users to create a new account.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Form" required>
    The selected form will be used to provide self service registration for this application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Self-service registration validation" optional since="1.43.0">
    The lambda that will be used to perform additional validation on registration form steps. See [Self-Service Registration Validation lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/self-service-registration)
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

![Custom Registration Form](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/application-registration-form.png)


#### Form Settings

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Admin Registration" optional since="1.20.0">
    The form that will be used in the FusionAuth UI for adding and editing user registrations.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="User self-service" optional since="1.26.0">
    The form that will be used with the hosted login pages for user self-service account management.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Require current password" optional since="1.45.0">
    When enabled a user will be required to provide their current password when changing their password on a self-service account form.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### SAML

The SAML configuration allows you to reveal FusionAuth as a SAML v2 Identity Provider (IdP).

![Application SAML](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/application-saml-disabled.png)

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Enabled" optional>
    When enabled you may configure FusionAuth to reveal this application as a SAML v2 Identity Provider (IdP).

    Once you have enabled SAML for this Application you will be provided with additional configuration options.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

![Application SAML enabled](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/application-saml-enabled.png)

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Issuer" required>
    The issuer used by service providers (i.e. Google, Zendesk, etc.) to identify themselves to FusionAuth's SAML identity provider. Often you cannot set this in the service provider and need to read their documentation or test the integration and use the error messages to determine the correct value.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Audience" optional>
    Some service providers require a different audience (such as Zendesk). You can leave this blank if the audience is the same as the issuer.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Authorized redirect URLs" required>
    One or more allowed URLs that FusionAuth may redirect to after the user has logged in via SAML v2, also known as the Assertion Consumer Service URL (ACS).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Logout URL" optional>
    The URL that the user is redirected to after they are logged out. Usually this is the starting location of the application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Debug enabled" optional>
    Enable debug to create an event log to assist you in debugging integration errors.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

![Application SAML authentication request settings](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/application-saml-authentication-request.png)

#### Authentication Request

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Require signature" optional>
    When enabled, all unsigned requests will be rejected.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Default verification key" optional since="1.20.0">
    The verification key used to verify a signature when the SAML v2 Service Provider is using HTTP Redirect Bindings.

    When HTTP POST Bindings are used, this is the default verification key used if a `KeyInfo` element is not found in the SAML AuthNRequest. If a `KeyInfo` element is found, Key Master will be used to resolve the key and this configuration will not be used to verify the request signature.

    This field is required when <InlineField>Require signature</InlineField> is enabled.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Enable login hint" since="1.47.0">
    When enabled, FusionAuth will accept a username or email address as a login hint on a custom HTTP request parameter.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Login hint parameter name" optional defaults="login_hint" since="1.47.0">
    The name of the login hint parameter provided by the service provider on an AuthnRequest. If this parameter is present, its value will be used to pre-populate the username field on the FusionAuth login form.

    For example, suppose <InlineField>Enable login hint</InlineField> is enabled and <InlineField>Login hint parameter name</InlineField> has the value `login_name`. When FusionAuth is set up as an IdP, the SP can send a request which includes the parameter `login_name=richard@example.com`, and FusionAuth will pre-populate richard@example.com into the login form the end user sees.

    Note that this setting names an HTTP query parameter, not an element in the SAML AuthnRequest XML.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

![Application SAML authentication response settings](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/application-saml-authentication-response.png)

#### Authentication Response

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Signing key" optional>
    The signing key used to sign the SAML request. When this value is not selected the default selection will cause FusionAuth to generate a new key pair and assign it to this configuration.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Signature canonicalization method" optional>
    The XML signature canonicalization method. If you are unsure which method to select, leave the default and begin testing, or contact your service provider for configuration assistance.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Signature location" optional defaults="Assertion" since="1.21.0">
    The location of the XML signature in the SAML response.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Populate lambda" optional>
    The lambda used to add additional values from the user and registration to the SAML response.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Enable IdP initiated login" optional defaults="false" since="1.41.0">
    When enabled, FusionAuth will be able to initiate a login request to a SAML v2 Service Provider.

    Once enabled, open the View dialog or this application to view the integration URI. You will find this value in the view dialog in the SAML v2 Integration details, and the value will be named <InlineField>Initiate login URL:</InlineField>.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="NameID format" optional defaults="Persistent" since="1.41.0">
    The NameId format to send in the AuthN response to the SAML v2 Service Provider. There are two valid values:

        * Persistent - The `urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:nameid-format:persistent` NameID format will be used.
        * Email - The `urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.1:nameid-format:emailAddress` NameID format will be used.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

![Application SAML logout request settings](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/application-saml-logout-request.png)

#### Logout Request

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Require signature" optional since="1.25.0">
    When enabled the SAML service provider (SP) will be required to sign the Logout request. All unsigned Logout requests will be rejected.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Default verification key" optional since="1.25.0">
    The unique Id of the Key used to verify the signature if the public key cannot be determined by the KeyInfo element when using POST bindings, or the key used to verify the signature when using HTTP Redirect bindings.

    This field is required when <InlineField>Require signature</InlineField> is enabled.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Logout behavior" optional since="1.25.0">
    This selector allows you to modify the behavior when logout occurs. There are two valid values:

        * All session participants - This is the default behavior. Each session participant that has enabled single logout will be sent a Logout Request.
        * Only logout request originator - no other session participants will be notified when a logout request is sent for this application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Enable single logout" optional since="1.25.0">
    Enable this to receive a LogoutRequest as a session participant when any other SAML enabled application within the same tenant receives a LogoutRequest.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Logout URL" optional since="1.25.0">
    The URL where you want to receive the LogoutRequest from FusionAuth.

    This field is required when <InlineField>Enable single logout</InlineField> is enabled.

    You can learn more about this behavior in the [Logout And Session Management guide](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/logout-session-management).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Signing key" optional since="1.25.0">
    The Key used to sign the SAML Single Logout response.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Signature canonicalization method" optional since="1.25.0">
    The XML signature canonicalization method. If you are unsure which method to select, leave the default and begin testing, or contact your service provider for configuration assistance.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


![Application SAML logout response settings](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/application-saml-logout-response.png)

#### Logout Response

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Signing key" optional defaults="Assertion" since="1.25.0">
    The signing key used to sign the SAML logout request. When this value is not selected the Authentication Response <InlineField>Signing key</InlineField> will be used.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Signature canonicalization method" optional since="1.25.0">
    The XML signature canonicalization method. If you are unsure which method to select, leave the default and begin testing, or contact your service provider for configuration assistance.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


![Application SAML assertion encryption settings](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/application-saml-assertion-encryption.png)

#### Assertion Encryption

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Enabled" optional defaults="false" since="1.47.0">
    When enabled, assertions in SAML responses will be encrypted.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Encryption algorithm" optional since="1.47.0">
    The symmetric key encryption algorithm used to encrypt the SAML assertion.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Key location" optional defaults="Child" since="1.47.0">
    The location that the encrypted symmetric key information will be placed in the SAML response in relation to the `EncryptedData` element containing the encrypted assertion value.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Key transport algorithm" optional since="1.47.0">
    The encryption algorithm used to encrypt the symmetric key for transport in the SAML response.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Digest algorithm" optional since="1.47.0">
    The message digest algorithm to use when encrypting the symmetric key for transport.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Mask generation function" optional since="1.47.0">
    The mask generation function and hash function to use for the Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding when encrypting a symmetric key for transport. This configuration is only available when <InlineField>Key transport algorithm</InlineField> is set to `RSA OAEP with MGF1`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Key transport encryption certificate" optional since="1.47.0">
    The RSA certificate from Key Master that will be used to encrypt the SAML assertion encryption symmetric key for transport.

    This field is required when SAML assertion encryption is enabled.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


### Security

The security tab contains some additional security configuration for this application.

![Application Security](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/application-security.png)

#### Login API Settings

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Require an API key" optional>
    When enabled the Login API will require an API key. This is functionally equivalent to requiring client authentication during OAuth2.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Generate Refresh Tokens" optional>
    When enabled the Login API will return refresh tokens. This is functionally equivalent to requesting the offline_scope during an OAuth2 grant.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Enable JWT refresh" optional>
    When enabled a JWT may be refreshed using the JWT Refresh API. This is functionally equivalent to enabling the OAuth2 Refresh Grant.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

##### Access control lists settings

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Access control list" optional since="1.30.0">
    The IP access control list that will be used to restrict or allow access to hosted login pages in FusionAuth. Using this, you can allow access to or block specific IP addresses from an application's authentication pages (login, forgot password, etc).

    When configured, this value will override the IP access control list configuration on the tenant.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Passwordless Login

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Enabled" optional>
    When enabled, allow users to request login using a link sent via an email (or code sent via an SMS message). Enable this feature to display a button on the FusionAuth login form and allow usage of the Passwordless Login API.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Email login strategy" since="1.64.0">
    The default login strategy by which the user will complete the passwordless login via email. The possible values are:

    * `ClickableLink` - send the user a clickable link that they can open in a web browser to authenticate
    * `FormField` - send the user a short code that they can enter into a form field to authenticate
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Phone login strategy" since="1.64.0">
    The default login strategy by which the user will complete the passwordless login via phone. The possible values are:

    * `ClickableLink` - send the user a clickable link that they can open in a web browser to authenticate
    * `FormField` - send the user a short code that they can enter into a form field to authenticate
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Authentication Tokens

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Enabled" optional>
    When enabled, allow users to optionally authenticate using an Application specific token in place of their password. This should only be used when the security requirements are low and the user's normal password is not a good option for authentication.

    For example, if a password needs to be stored in an external configuration and the exposure risk is low, a token can be used in place of the user's password. This token may only be used for authorization for this application.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


### Webhooks

<Aside type="caution">
This feature is removed as of version 1.37.0.
</Aside>

The Webhooks tab allows you to select one or more webhooks to be used for this Application. In this example screenshot either no webhooks have been configured, or no application specific webhooks are configured.

![No Application Webhooks](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/application-webhooks-none.png)

In most cases you will not need to configure this panel. Only a few specific events are considered application specific, and when a webhook is configured to be application specific, only those events will be sent to the webhook.

This example screenshot shows one Application specific webhook selected. This option will be visible if at least one webhook is configured as application specific.

![Application Webhooks Selected](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/application-webhooks-selected.png)

## Universal Applications
A universal application is an application that exists for all tenants, rather than belonging to a single tenant. Universal applications are useful when you need to make the same application available to users across many or all tenants.

A universal application uses the same application configuration across all tenants, including its client Id, client credentials, and more. This makes configuration management simpler, allowing you to share configuration across all uses of the application.

### Universal Application Registrations
Users from any tenant can have a registration to a universal application, and registrations work as they would for normal applications.

### Universal Applications and Tenants
Because a universal application does not belong to a single tenant, you will generally have to supply a tenant Id when interacting with a universal application. This is true during authentication and other user-specific workflows. The supplied tenant Id tells FusionAuth a number of things, such as which tenant the user that is logging in belongs to, which theme to use, and more.

The tenant Id is typically provided on a `tenantId` query parameter, unless otherwise specified.

A universal application "inherits" settings from the tenant it is being associated with at runtime. This means that you can customize the behavior of a universal application per tenant by using different tenant configuration.

Note that for tenant configuration settings that can be overridden at the application level, if you supply an application-level override, that setting will be used for all tenants. If this is not what you want, do not set a value in the universal application's configuration and let the application fall back to what is defined in the tenant.

### Universal Applications and Tenant-scoped API Keys
A tenant-scoped API key cannot make changes that could be seen or otherwise affect other tenants than the one it is scoped to. Because universal applications span all tenants, you cannot use a tenant-scoped API key with a universal application via the [Application API](/docs/apis/applications). You can, however, use a tenant-scoped API key to interact with things like registrations and refresh tokens, as these are confined to a user within a tenant.

### Configure an Application as Universal
You can only set an application as universal when it is created. Do this by setting `application.universalConfiguration.universal` to `true` when using the API, or select the `Universal` toggle on the Add Application view in the admin app.

### Universal Applications and the Self-serve Account application
When using the [self-serve account](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management) application, users supply an application Id to edit their profile within the context of that application. To use this application with a universal application, the user will also need to specify a tenant Id in the following way:

```
/account?client_id=APPLICATION_ID&tenantId=TENANT_ID
```

# Authentication and Authorization

import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';

Authentication and authorization are two fundamental concepts in FusionAuth. The traditional definitions are:

* authentication: who you are
* authorization: what you can do

Authentication is sometimes referred to as `authn` or `AuthN` and authorization is sometimes referred to as `authz` or `AuthZ`.

### Authentication in FusionAuth

Authentication means that a user has provided credentials which the system has accepted. This is often a username and password, but could be a code from a magic link, a token from a social auth provider, or a JWT from an external identity provider.

Authentication occurs with users, who are scoped to the tenant. When authentication happens, if you are using the [Login API](/docs/apis/login), a `2xx` response is returned from FusionAuth. See the API documentation for the specific `2xx` value. When using an [Authorization Code grant](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/), the user is redirected to the provided `redirect_uri`.

In either case, the end result of the request will be a JWT containing information about the user. Each JWT has a header, a payload and a signature. You can [decode JWTs using any number of online tools](/dev-tools/jwt-decoder), because it's two base 64 encoded strings joined by periods, with the signature for integrity checking. Here's a diagram of a JWT:

![The components of a JWT.](/img/shared/json-web-token.png)

The JWT will contain information about the user. Here's an example of the payload of a JWT for a user that has been authenticated but not authorized:

<JSON title="Example JWT For an Authenticated But Not Authorized User" src="login/jwt-unauthorized.json" />

### Authorization in FusionAuth

Authorization means that the user has been registered with an application. Authentication is a necessary prerequisite to authorization; if FusionAuth doesn't know who the user is, it can't know what resources the user is allowed to access.

If using the [Login API](/docs/apis/login), the status code returned for an authorized user is typically `200`. See the API documentation for more details. When using an [Authorization Code grant](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/), the user is redirected to the provided `redirect_uri`.

In either case, the end result of the request will be a JWT containing information about the user. Here's an example:

<JSON title="Example JWT For an Authorized User" src="login/jwt.json" />

### Authorization and Securing Your Application

These concepts are critical to application security.

If you are utilizing the JWT to authorize a user to your application, you must do more than just ensure the JWT has a valid signature and is not expired. You must also ensure the JWT has provided adequate claims to the user's authorization.

<Aside type="note">
Checking the JWT signature and expiration are only a part of the story. Make sure you check the `roles` and `applicationId` claim to ensure the user is properly registered for the application they are trying to access.

This check must be done by your web, mobile or native app.
</Aside>

If you enable <InlineField>Require registration</InlineField> on an application, a JWT won't be provided until the user is registered for this application if you are using the hosted login pages.

The `aud` claim identifies the context of the request, in other words who is this JWT for: a Payroll application, a mobile application, etc. The presence of the `applicationId` and `roles` claims identifies the User's registration (authorization) and access (roles) to the requested resource identified by the `aud` claim.

### An Example

Say you have three people trying to log in:

* Richard
* Monica
* Erlich

The following Applications are configured in FusionAuth:

* Pied Piper
* Pied Piper Video Chat
* Raviga Notes
* Raviga Payroll
* Hooli Jobs

You grant access to a particular application with a [User Registration](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/registrations). Once registered, a user can have 0 or more [roles](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/roles) as defined by the [Application](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications).

Richard is registered for Pied Piper and Pied Piper Video Chat. Monica is registered for Pied Piper, Raviga Notes, and Raviga Payroll. Neither Richard nor Monica is registered for Hooli Jobs. Erlich does not have an account.

What happens when each user tries to log in to a particular application?

| Application           | Richard Authenticated | Richard Authorized | Monica Authenticated | Monica Authorized | Erlich Authenticated | Erlich Authorized |
|-----------------------|-----------------------|--------------------|----------------------|-------------------|----------------------|-------------------|
| Pied Piper            | Yes                   | Yes                | Yes                  | Yes               | No                   | No                |
| Pied Piper Video Chat | Yes                   | Yes                | Yes                  | No                | No                   | No                |
| Raviga Notes          | Yes                   | No                 | Yes                  | Yes               | No                   | No                |
| Raviga Payroll        | Yes                   | No                 | Yes                  | Yes               | No                   | No                |
| Hooli Jobs            | Yes                   | No                 | Yes                  | No                | No                   | No                |

FusionAuth successfully authenticates Richard and Monica because they exist, and the credentials they provided were correct. But if a user is not authorized to the Application, the access token (JWT) returned will not contain authorization (`applicationId`, `roles`) claims for the resource.

# Entity Management

import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import Icon from 'src/components/icon/Icon.astro'
import ScimServerPermissions from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_scim-server-permissions.md'

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

There are many use cases where it is helpful to model entities in addition to users. Examples might include devices, cars, computers, customers, or companies.

_Enter Entities._ Entities allow you to model everything right from FusionAuth! Entities allow you to model relationships and enable machine-to-machine authentication using the Client Credentials grant.

## Features

### Scalability

- FusionAuth Entity Management supports large volumes of Entities right out of the box.
- This is especially helpful for Internet of Things (IoT) devices; FusionAuth scales right alongside them.

### Typecasting

- Entities can have a type.
- For example, an Entity could be a type of  `lock`, `car`, `company`, `corporate division`, `computer`, or `API`
- Entity Types can define permissions.
- You are limited only by your business need and imagination!

### Permissions Aware

- Permissions can be assigned to each Entity Type.
- Entities can be granted permissions on other entities (In OAuth terms, entities can initiate a Client Credentials Grant to obtain access to other entities).
- Users can have permissions to access Entities.

## Common Applications

- Corporate relationship modeling
- Per use device permissions
- Internet IoT

Below is an example diagram using the client credentials grant, and an email Entity Type.

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/client-credentials-grant-diagram.png" alt="Client Credentials Grant Diagram" role="shadowed bottom-cropped" />

### Can't I Just Use a Group?

In some cases, Groups work as a model for such ideas like `customers`. However, the flexibility of Groups is limited by their lack of typecasting (very much needed as use cases evolve). Additionally, Groups do not have a hierarchical model or permissions functionality built in.

{/* Here's a brief video covering some aspects of Entity Management: */}
{/*  Placeholder for a video in the future */}
{/* video::DaZbwrA7M90[youtube,width=560,height=315] */}

## Entity Types

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/entity-type-homepage.png" alt="Home Screen Entity Types" width="1200" />

This is the Entity Types homepage. Here you can:

|                          |                                               |
|--------------------------|-----------------------------------------------|
| <Icon name="plus"/>      | **Create** a new Entity Type                  |
| <Icon name="edit"/>      | **Edit** a previously created Entity Type     |
| <Icon name="key" />      | **Manage Permissions** on Entity Type         |
| <Icon name="fa-search"/> | **View** the previously created Entity Type   |
| <Icon name="trash"/>     | **Remove** the previously created Entity Type |



## Entity Type Form Fields

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/entity-type-add.png" alt="Create an Entity Type" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Id" optional>
    An optional UUID. When this value is omitted, a unique Id will be generated automatically.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Name" required>
    The name of the Entity Type. This value is for display purposes only and can be changed at any time.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Permissions

Add and manage custom permissions. 

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/manage-permissions.png" alt="Entity Homepage"  role="bottom-cropped" />

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Name" required>
    The name of the permission
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Default" optional>
    If this permission should be assigned once the Entity Type is created (by default). More than one default can be set.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Description" optional>
    Please write a helpful description of the permissions' purpose.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### JWT

Controls the JWT settings used for this entity type.

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/entity-type-add-jwt-tab.png" alt="Create an Entity Type - JWT tab" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Enabled" optional>
    When enabled, you can specify JWT settings for this entity type. If disabled, settings for the entity's tenant will be used.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="JWT Duration" required>
    The length of time specified in seconds that the issued token is valid. This value must be greater than 0.

    When JWT customization is enabled, this is required. 
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Access token signing key" optional>
    The key used to sign the JWT.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


## Entity

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/entity-homepage.png" alt="Entity Homepage" width="1200" />

This is the Entity homepage. Here you can:

|                          |                                          |
|--------------------------|------------------------------------------|
| <Icon name="plus" />     | **Create** a new Entity                  |
| <Icon name="edit" />     | **Edit** a previously created Entity     |
| <Icon name="fa-search"/> | **View** the previously created Entity   |
| <Icon name="trash"/>     | **Remove** the previously created Entity |

## Entity Form Fields

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/entity-add.png" alt="Create an Entity" width="1200" />

Creating a new Entity is straightforward

Just complete the following fields:

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Id" optional>
    An optional UUID.
    When this value is omitted, a unique Id will be generated automatically.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Name" required>
    The name of the Entity.
    This value is for display purposes only and can be changed at any time.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Tenant" required>
    Assign the new Entity to a Tenant
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Client Id" optional>
    When this value is omitted a unique Client Id will be generated automatically.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Client secret" optional>
    When this value is omitted a unique Client secret will be generated automatically.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Entity Type" required>
    When creating this Entity, you can assign it to a previously created Entity Type
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

## SCIM Configuration

<Aside type="version">
This functionality has been available since 1.36.0
</Aside>

When configuring FusionAuth to accept SCIM requests, you must create a SCIM server Entity and a SCIM client Entity. These entities will be used by the Client Credentials grant which will provide the access token which is used to authenticate calls to the SCIM endpoints. These entities must be of the Entity Type configured in the Tenant SCIM configuration. They also must have the SCIM permissions granted to successfully call [SCIM API endpoints](/docs/apis/scim/) requiring authentication.

The necessary Entity Types can be created by navigating to Entity <Breadcrumb>Management > Entity Types</Breadcrumb> and selecting the clicking the drop down Add button in the top right of the page. In most cases you will find these two entity types have been created for you by FusionAuth.

The default entity types are named **\[FusionAuth Default] SCIM client** and **\[FusionAuth Default] SCIM server**. Below is a screenshot of adding a new Entity Type for the SCIM Server, but if you wish to use the default Entity Type, you do not need to create an additional Entity Type.

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/entity-type-scim-add.png" alt="Home Screen SCIM Entity Types" width="1200" />

[Learn more about SCIM](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/scim/).

### SCIM Server Permissions

<ScimServerPermissions />

## Limitations

It is not currently possible to utilize an OAuth2 grant to retrieve user permissions to an entity. Please review [GitHub Issue #1295](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1295/) and vote if you would like to see this capability in FusionAuth.

It is also not possible to rename or otherwise customize scopes used with Entity Management. Please review [GitHub Issue #1481](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1481) and vote if you would like to see this capability in FusionAuth.

## More Information

* An example [client credentials grant using Entities](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/#example-client-credentials-grant).
* The [Entity Management APIs](/docs/apis/entities/).
* A guide to using [Entities to model organizations](/docs/extend/examples/modeling-organizations).

# Groups

import AdvancedPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_advanced-plan-blurb.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import GroupLimits from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_group-limits.md';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import MembershipLambda from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/_membership-lambda.md';

There are a few reasons you may want to use a FusionAuth Group.

The first use is to logically group one or more users within a Tenant. Once a User is a member of a Group they may be identified as a member of the Group and retrieved using the [User Search API](/docs/apis/users#search-for-users).

The second reason you may use a Group is to manage Application Role assignment. A Group may be assigned roles from one or more Applications, a member of this Group will be dynamically assigned these roles if they have a registration for the Application.

## Core Concepts Relationships

Below is a visual reminder of the relationships between FusionAuth's primary core concepts.

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/core-concepts-relationships-groups.png" alt="Diagram showing Groups used within FusionAuth" />

## Examples

Here are some examples of using Groups.

### Grouping Users

If you are performing educational marketing activities and driving self-service signups, you can pull the source of a signup off a URL parameter and place it into the `user.data` field using a [custom registration form](/docs/lifecycle/register-users/advanced-registration-forms). On user creation, you could add them to a variety of Groups based on the attributes of the webinar using a webhook.

For example:

* Date of signup
* Online or offline presentation
* Presenter
* Version of webinar

You could then use these Groups for cohort analysis later to see which users best converted to paying customers.

This usage of Groups can be similarly performed by the `user.data` custom data fields. However, with this approach, each Group can have metadata in the `group.data` field that includes information about the Group and how and why users were placed in it. The use of a separate grouping object with its own metadata can be useful.

### Assigning Roles

You could create a Group called `Admin`, and assign this group the admin role from each of your applications.

A more detailed example: 

Suppose the Pied Piper Application has two roles: `admin` and `member`. The Hooli Application has one role `superadmin`.

Richard has a registration in Pied Piper and Nelson has a registration in Hooli.

Finally, there's a group called `Admin Group` which has the application roles of `admin` from Pied Piper and `superadmin` from Hooli.

If you add Richard to the `Admin Group`, he will receive the role `admin` in Pied Piper, but not `superadmin` (because they aren't registered for Hooli, so he can't get the role for that application).  

## Group Membership In Tokens

Sometimes you want membership information in an access token generated by a login event. This data is not directly available in the lambda arguments.

However, you can do this by using [Lambda HTTP Connect](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/lambda-remote-api-calls) to request memberships using the [Group API](/docs/apis/groups) from within a [JWT Populate Lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/jwt-populate). Here's an example of such a lambda.

<MembershipLambda />

<AdvancedPlanBlurb />

## Admin UI

### Create a Group

Click on <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Groups</Breadcrumb> from the main menu to add a Group. At a minimum, you must provide a <InlineField>Name</InlineField> for the Group and the <InlineField>Tenant</InlineField> it belongs to.

You may apply Application roles from the various Applications in this Group's Tenant.

![Create a Group](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/create-group.png)

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Id" optional>
    The Group Id.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Name" required>
    The Group name.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Tenant" required>
    The Tenant the Group will be scoped to.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Application Roles" optional>
    The selected Application Roles will be assumed by members of this Group.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

## Limits

<GroupLimits />

# Login Pages - Hosted or API

If you're reading this then you already know about the importance of authentication. What you might not know is whether you want to use FusionAuth's hosted login pages, or if you'd prefer to use the API options instead. We put a guide together for you to help you make up your mind.

We're going to explore the differences between hosted login pages and the results that you can get using the API. We will dive into their pros and cons so that you can make an informed decision about what is best for you.

## Hosted Login Pages

Hosted login pages are a popular choice for many developers. This is especially true for those who prefer to use a WYSIWYG editor to handle their customization. That said, Hosted Logins do require some tradeoffs such as a browser redirect. Further, since the Hosted Login is designed in our Simple Themes editor or inside of Apache FreeMarker, they do not leverage React or other common design systems.

![A diagram showing Apache FreeMarker side by side with FusionAuth's Simple Theme editor.](/img/articles/hosted-vs-api/simple-vs-freemarker.png)

|Pros                                   |Cons                                   |
|-----                                  |-----                                  |
|Managed by experts.|Look and feel customization uses Freemarker unless you use Simple Themes.|
|No sensitive credentials seen by your application.|Browser redirect is required.|
|Fully custom look and feel.|Mobile devices use the system browser, not native UX components. See the image below this chart for an example.|
|Handles multiple use cases (account creation, MFA prompting, etc.)|Does not leverage React or other common design systems. Might require additional work from your design team.|
|Includes single sign-on (SSO) between different apps.|Upgrades can be problematic unless you're using Simple Themes.|
|Localization support.|Limited workflow customization.|
|New workflows added regularly so you gain function without added development work.||
|Doesn't exclude API usage. You can add custom logic such as redirects or requiring MFA for certain groups.||

### Example Hosted Login Page on Mobile
The image below shows the mobile login experience for [Audacy](https://audacy.com). As discussed in the preceding chart, you can see the address bar and UX components that are from the system browser, rather than the native UX components that your customers will see in your application.

![Example of a FusionAuth Hosted Login Page](/img/articles/hosted-vs-api/built-with-fusionauth.png)

## API Login Pages

Some users want full control over absolutely every element of their login UI. But that control comes with some responsibilities. The chart below details what some might consider to be "cons" to using an API Login page.

| Pros | Cons |
|---|---|
| A fully custom login experience, with support for embedded flows  such as iframe, modals, overlays, and native application UI elements. | Must build your own UI for auth related cases, often requiring several API calls per use case. |
| Browser not required. | Doesn't follow OAuth or OIDC standards. |
| No redirection for the user. | Your application will see sensitive user credentials. |
| You are able to build custom workflows to suit your business needs. For example, asking for an email on one screen, a password on another and requesting MFA on a third. | You must handle all session management.  |
|  | You build it, you maintain it. |
|  | You are responsible for implementing new FusionAuth functions when they are released. |
|  | You must ensure that you handle every Login API status code correctly and securely. |
|  | By default, the Login API requires an API key. |
___

Thanks again for choosing FusionAuth for your customer login solution. Make sure to check out our [library of Articles](/articles) for more helpful information. Not yet a FusionAuth customer? What are you waiting for? [Get started for free](/download) today!

# Identity Providers

import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

Identity providers allow you to defer authentication to third party services. A user can log in with an existing account at a third party and create an account within FusionAuth. Users don't have to create a new identity within FusionAuth, but can instead leverage their existing identity at the third party. This is often called identity federation.

FusionAuth supports social identity providers, such as Apple, Facebook, Google and Twitter. Other providers implementing OpenID Connect or SAMLv2 are supported as well. As a fail safe, if the IdP you want to use does not fall into one of the previously mentioned types, if the IdP can produce a JWT, you can integrate using the External JWT Identity Provider.

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/identity-providers.png" alt="A list of Identity Providers" width="1200" role="shadowed" />

You may use the hosted login pages to provide <InlineUIElement>Sign In</InlineUIElement> buttons or build your own integrations and complete the login with a token from the provider. The latter option works well if you are writing your own login pages.

Identity providers are assigned on an application by application basis and can be managed from the administrative user interface or the [identity provider API](/docs/apis/identity-providers/).

Learn more about the various [identity providers](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/), including which ones are supported and how to integrate this functionality into your site.

Here's a brief video covering some aspects of identity providers:

<YouTube id="5oycV6LYXTM" />

# Core Concepts

import PageNavCard from '/src/components/PageNavCard.astro';

This section contains information about the most important concepts in FusionAuth.

## Fundamentals

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications" title="Applications"/>
  	<PageNavCard href="/docs/get-started/core-concepts/users" title="Users"/>
  	<PageNavCard href="/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenants" title="Tenants"/>
  	<PageNavCard href="/docs/get-started/core-concepts/scopes" title="Oauth Scopes"/>
</div>

## Relationships

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
  	<PageNavCard href="/docs/get-started/core-concepts/roles" title="Roles"/>
  	<PageNavCard href="/docs/get-started/core-concepts/groups" title="Groups"/>
  	<PageNavCard href="/docs/get-started/core-concepts/registrations" title="Registrations"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/get-started/core-concepts/entity-management" title="Entity Management"/>
  	<PageNavCard href="/docs/get-started/core-concepts/types-and-relationships" title="Types & Relationships"/>
</div>

## Login

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/get-started/core-concepts/identity-providers" title="Identity Providers"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/get-started/core-concepts/authentication-authorization" title="Authentication & Authorization"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/get-started/core-concepts/integration-points" title="Integration Points"/>
</div>

## Licensing

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/get-started/core-concepts/licensing" title="Licensing"/>
  	<PageNavCard href="/docs/get-started/core-concepts/plans-features" title="Features"/>
  	<PageNavCard href="/docs/get-started/core-concepts/premium-features" title="Premium Features"/>
</div>

# Integration Points

import ListHostedLoginPagesUseCases from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_list-hosted-login-pages-use-cases.mdx';
import ClientSideApiKeys from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_client-side-api-keys.mdx';
import LoginAPIIssues from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_login-api-issues.mdx';
import RecommendedTokenStorageOptions from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_recommended-token-storage-options.mdx';
import TokenStorageOptionsTable from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_token-storage-options.mdx';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

You typically integrate FusionAuth into one or more applications. User data will live in FusionAuth (possibly synced with other data stores) and users will auth against it.

FusionAuth is a developer first platform and there are a large number of ways to integrate it into your new or existing applications.

## Login Options

There are three main ways to have your users sign in: OAuth/OIDC/SAML, federated authentication, or the Login API.

### OAuth/OIDC/SAML

The first option is to use OAuth/OIDC/SAML. These are standards and FusionAuth should work with any library or application which supports them. If you find a library which supports OAuth or OIDC and does not work with FusionAuth, please [open a bug](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/), as we want to know about it. You can also use a [FusionAuth client library](/docs/sdks/) to help with the OAuth/OIDC flow.

Using OAuth/OIDC lets your users authenticate and authorize; they'll receive the responses [documented for each grant](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/). If you choose SAML, [configure FusionAuth as the IdP](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/saml).

When you use this option, the data your client receives about the user is limited. You can put custom claims in your JWT using [lambdas](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/) if what you need is in the user or the registration objects.

If this level of integration meets your needs, you'll have more portability and less lock-in to FusionAuth.

```mermaid title="The OAuth Authorization Code Grant"
sequenceDiagram
    participant User as User/Browser
    participant App
    participant FusionAuth

    User ->> App : View Initial Page<br/>Click Login
    App ->> User : Redirect To <br/>FusionAuth Authorization URL
    User ->> FusionAuth : Request Login Page
    FusionAuth ->> User : Return Login Page
    User ->> FusionAuth : Provides Credentials
    FusionAuth ->> FusionAuth : Validate Credentials
    FusionAuth ->> User : Redirect With Authorization Code
    User ->> App : Request Redirect URI
    App ->> FusionAuth : Request Tokens
    FusionAuth ->> App : Return Tokens
    App ->> App : Create Session Or<br/>Otherwise Log User In
    Note over User, FusionAuth: User Is Logged In And App Can Proceed<br/>Delivering Data And Functionality
```

### Federated Authentication

Federated authentication, where FusionAuth isn't the system of record for users, is provided by [Connectors](/docs/apis/connectors/) and [Identity Providers](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/).

When this is used, FusionAuth will defer to the configured systems of record for authentication and authorization. Please consult the Connector or Identity Provider documentation for more information on these options.

```mermaid title="Logging In With An Identity Provider"
sequenceDiagram
    participant User as User/Browser
    participant App
    participant FusionAuth
    participant IdentityProvider as ${idpName}

    User ->> App : View Initial Page<br/>Click Login
    App ->> User : Redirect To <br/>FusionAuth Authorization URL
    User ->> FusionAuth : Request Login Page
    FusionAuth ->> User : Return Login Page
    User ->> FusionAuth : Clicks On 'Login With ${idpName}'
    FusionAuth ->> User : Redirect To Identity Provider Authorization URL
    User ->> IdentityProvider : Request Login Page
    IdentityProvider ->> User : Return Login Page
    User ->> IdentityProvider : Enter Credentials
    IdentityProvider ->> IdentityProvider : Validate Credentials
    IdentityProvider ->> User : Redirect To FusionAuth With ${idpName} Authorization Code
    User ->> FusionAuth : Requests Page, Has ${idpName} Authorization Code
    FusionAuth ->> IdentityProvider : Exchange Authorization Code For ${idpName} Token
    IdentityProvider ->> FusionAuth : Returns ${idpName} Token
    FusionAuth ->> FusionAuth : Stores ${idpName} Token, Calls Lambda, Creates User And Registrations (If Needed), Generates FusionAuth Tokens
    FusionAuth ->> User : Redirect To Redirect URI With FusionAuth Authorization Code
    User ->> App : Request Redirect URI, Has FusionAuth Authorization Code
    App ->> FusionAuth : Request FusionAuth Tokens
    FusionAuth ->> App : Return FusionAuth Tokens
    App ->> App : Create Session Or<br/>Otherwise Log User In
    Note over User, FusionAuth: User Is Logged In And App Can Proceed<br/>Delivering Data And Functionality
```

### Login API

<LoginAPIIssues />

```mermaid title="The Login API Flow"
sequenceDiagram
    participant User as User/Browser
    participant App
    participant FusionAuth

    User ->> App : View Initial Page<br/>Click Login
    App ->> User : Displays Login Page
    User ->> App : Provides Credentials
    App ->> FusionAuth : Forwards Credentials
    FusionAuth ->> FusionAuth : Validate Credentials
    FusionAuth ->> App : Returns Status Code<br/> Based On Validation
    App ->> App : Process Status Code, Handle Login Failure, MFA, Locked Account, Etc
    App ->> App : If Success, Create Session Or<br/>Otherwise Log User In
    Note over User, FusionAuth: User Is Logged In And App Can Proceed<br/>Delivering Data And Functionality
```

You can also use federation with the Login API. Create and configure an [Identity Provider](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/).

```mermaid title="The Login API flow when a user logs in with an identity provider such as Google"
sequenceDiagram
    participant User as User/Browser
    participant App
    participant FusionAuth
    participant IdentityProvider as ${idpName}

    User ->> App : View Initial Page<br/>Click Login
    App ->> User : Displays Login Page<br/>Including Link To 'Login With ${idpName}'
    User ->> App : Clicks On 'Login With ${idpName}'
    App ->> User : Redirect To ${idpName} Authorization URL
    User ->> IdentityProvider : Enters Credentials
    IdentityProvider ->> IdentityProvider : Validate Credentials
    IdentityProvider ->> User : Redirect to App With Authorization Code
    User ->> App : Requests Page, Has Authorization Code
    App ->> FusionAuth : Calls Complete Login<br/>With Code And Redirect URI
    FusionAuth ->> IdentityProvider : Exchanges Code And<br/>Redirect URI For ${idpName} Token
    IdentityProvider ->> FusionAuth : Returns ${idpName} Token
    FusionAuth ->> FusionAuth : Stores ${idpName} Token, Calls Lambda, Creates User And Registrations (If Needed), Generates FusionAuth Tokens
    FusionAuth ->> App : Return FusionAuth Tokens
    App ->> App : Create Session Or<br/>Otherwise Log User In
    Note over User, IdentityProvider: User Is Logged In And App Can Proceed<br/>Delivering Data And Functionality
```

Depending on the identity provider, you may be able to pass the token instead of the authorization code and redirect URI. In the case of a SAML provider, you'll need to provide the SAML response. Please consult the [provider specific API documentation](/docs/apis/identity-providers/) for details.

## JSON Web Tokens

FusionAuth can create signed JSON web tokens. Customize these using the [JWT Populate Lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/jwt-populate). They can be signed with any of the [supported key types](/docs/apis/keys).

When using OAuth/OIDC, there are multiple kinds of tokens: [Access Tokens, Id Tokens and Refresh Tokens](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/tokens). The Login API can also generate a JWT.

These tokens can be consumed by APIs or other systems to verify that the holder of the token has been authorized by FusionAuth. [Learn more about JWTs](/articles/tokens/) or [decode a JWT](/dev-tools/jwt-decoder).

Each JWT has a header, a payload and a signature. Here's a diagram of a JWT:

![The components of a JWT.](/img/shared/json-web-token.png)

### JWT Storage

FusionAuth recommends the Authorization Code grant, where there is a server-side component which exchanges the one-time use authorization code for an access token. This server side component offers a lot of flexibility when it comes to storing the JWT.

But what should you do with it? After all, an access token is a bearer token, and should be properly secured. What you do with the token depends on what you are using it for as well as your security requirements. If you are wondering about your options, [here are a number of common login flows](/articles/login-authentication-workflows/).

Recommended storage mechanisms include:

<RecommendedTokenStorageOptions />

Here is a more full featured list of token storage options and security considerations.

<TokenStorageOptionsTable />

## FusionAuth APIs

Whether you use the Login API, identity federation, or an OAuth grant, you can use additional [FusionAuth APIs](/docs/apis/) in your application.

These allow your application to access and modify data and entities beyond that available from OIDC/OAuth/SAML or a federated identity.

Common tasks such as registering a user to an application, removing them from a group, capturing a consent, or capturing custom data are accomplished with these APIs. APIs can also be used to manage entities other than users, such as applications, tenants or Identity Providers.

The upside of using these is the ability to leverage the FusionAuth data model and functionality. The downside is that your application is coupled to FusionAuth.

## Hosted Login Pages

You'll see the phrase "hosted login pages" used throughout the FusionAuth site. These are all the pages that your end user sees when you are hosting your login experience on FusionAuth, as opposed to within your application. These pages are [themeable](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/); you can make them look exactly like your website or application.

Using the hosted login pages has a number of advantages. By doing so, FusionAuth handles the complexity of a number of different auth related use cases. These use cases include, but are not limited to, the following:

<ListHostedLoginPagesUseCases />

Additionally, when you use the hosted login pages, FusionAuth provides transparent single sign on (SSO) between applications as well as support for localization of the user interface.

The alternative to using the hosted login pages is building your own login experience. You can then use the APIs or an OAuth grant to authenticate your user against FusionAuth. This alternative gives you more control at the cost of more development effort.

For an example of how the hosted login pages help with common workflows, please review this video which walks through the forgot password workflow.

<YouTube id="AFRBH9r4VhY" />

## Hosted Backend

The Authorization Code grant requires the use of a server-side application to do the token exchange. This is often called the "backend". This server-side code can securely hold secrets, which a client such as a single-page application (SPA) cannot. It also can send the access token to a SPA as a secure, `HttpOnly` cookie.

Running your own backend offers you a lot of flexibility. However, it is not the correct solution for all situations.

As of version 1.45, FusionAuth provides a hosted backend. This is included with every FusionAuth installation and can be used to quickly integrate OAuth into a front-end only application.

Please consult the [Hosted Backend API documentation for more details](/docs/apis/hosted-backend). You can also work through a [React quickstart](/docs/get-started/quickstarts/spa/react) which uses the hosted backend.

## SAML Integration Options

You can use SAML to integrate with FusionAuth in a few different ways, depending on the role that FusionAuth is playing and your other needs.

FusionAuth supports both Service Provider initiated login, as well as Identity Provider initiated login in both the Service Provider and Identity Provider roles.

In other words, FusionAuth can act as a SAML v2 Identity Provider or a SAML v2 Service provider, and in either configuration both SP and IdP initiated login flows are supported.


### SP (Service Provider) Initiated Login

This is a traditional integration and the Service Provider will initiate the login request to the Identity Provider by building an AuthN request and sending it to the Identity Provider.

To configure FusionAuth as the Service Provider, see [SAML v2 Identity Provider](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/overview-samlv2). To configure FusionAuth as the Identity Provider, see [SAML v2](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/saml).

### IdP (Identity Provider) Initiated Login
In this configuration, the login request is not solicited by the Service Provider, and instead the Identity Provider builds an AuthN response and sends it to the Service Provider.

To configure FusionAuth as the Service Provider, see  [SAML v2 Identity Provider](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/overview-samlv2) and  [SAML v2 IdP Initiated Identity Provider](/docs/apis/identity-providers/samlv2-idp-initiated). To configure FusionAuth as the Identity Provider, see [SAML v2](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/saml).

*Table 2. Summary of SAML v2 integration options*

| FusionAuth is the | Login initiated by | Replay protection              | More details                                                                                                                                                                                      |
|-------------------|--------------------|--------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Service Provider  | Service Provider   | Yes                            | [SAML v2 Identity Provider](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/overview-samlv2)                                                                                                |
| Service Provider  | Identity Provider  | Yes                            | [SAML v2 IdP Initiated Identity Provider](/docs/apis/identity-providers/samlv2-idp-initiated), [SAML v2 Identity Provider](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/overview-samlv2) |
| Identity Provider | Service Provider   | No. This is managed by the SP. | [SAML v2](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/saml)                                                                                                                                               |
| Identity Provider | Identity Provider  | No. This is managed by the SP. | [SAML v2](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/saml)                                                                                                                                               |

**_Note:_** _SP_ refers to the Service Provider, and _IdP_ refers to the Identity Provider.

## Client Side API Usage

<ClientSideApiKeys />

## Other Integration Points

There are a number of other integration points in FusionAuth beyond the APIs.

* [Connectors](/docs/apis/connectors/) allow you to authenticate against external user data sources, and optionally migrate users into FusionAuth.
* [Account Management](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/) Allows admins and users to dynamically edit user data, user passwords, and enable multi-factor authentication.
* [Identity Providers](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/) allow you to federate authentication decisions to social or standards based providers. You can also specify a linking strategy which allows you to flexibly map between accounts with different identifiers.
* [Lambdas](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/) allow you to run business logic at certain points in the authentication lifecycle.
* [Plugins](/docs/extend/code/password-hashes/) allow you to extend FusionAuth with custom Java code. Currently the main use is to allow you to use custom password hashing. This allows you to import user data from existing systems without requiring user password changes.
* [Webhooks](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/) allow you to send data to external systems when events occur in FusionAuth.
* [Monitoring](/docs/operate/monitor) provides insight into a FusionAuth instance's debug messages, performance metrics and other data.

# Licensing

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import DeactivateLicense from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_deactivate-license.mdx';
import DeletingYourAccount from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_deleting-your-account.mdx';
import HostsToAllowNetworkAccessFor from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_hosts-to-allow-network-access.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import KickstartLicenseText from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_kickstart-license-text.mdx';
import LicensingPremiumFeaturesIntro from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_licensing-premium-features-intro.mdx';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

<LicensingPremiumFeaturesIntro />

You can see a list of features on the [plans and features page](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/plans-features).

Here's a brief video documenting how to find and add your license to your instance if you have a paid plan.

<YouTube id="ss2U5VKo42M" />

The video covers the same content as the [Adding Your License to Your Instance](#adding-your-license-to-your-instance) section.

## Adding Your License to Your Instance

To access paid features, purchase a license via the [pricing page](/pricing) or by [contacting the sales team](/contact).

Once a license is purchased you must activate it.
To do so, log into your [Account](https://account.fusionauth.io/account).
Navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Plan</Breadcrumb> tab.

![View the plan tab.](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/plan-tab.png)

Copy the license Id appropriate for your needs.

Use the "Production" license Id for your production server.
This will be used to calculate your monthly active users (MAU), which may affect your monthly bill.
[Learn more about MAU here](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/users#what-makes-a-user-active).
The other license Id is suitable for non-production environments, such as user acceptance testing or development.

<Aside type="note">
  You can always find your license Id by logging in to your [Account](https://account.fusionauth.io/account) and then navigating to the <Breadcrumb>Plan</Breadcrumb> tab. If you do not have a license Id there, you are on the Community plan. In that case, no license is required.
</Aside>

After you have your license Id, log in to your FusionAuth instance.

The credentials you use to log into the instance have no connection to the credentials you used to log into your account portal.
Navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Reactor</Breadcrumb> tab and enter your license Id in the <InlineField>License key</InlineField> field.

<Aside type="note">
You will need either the `admin` or `reactor_manager` roles in the FusionAuth application to view the <Breadcrumb>Reactor</Breadcrumb> tab.
</Aside>

![Activate Reactor.](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/reactor-activate.png)

In an air-gapped configuration where outbound network access is not allowed, the license text is available in your [Account Portal in the <Breadcrumb>Plan</Breadcrumb> tab](https://account.fusionauth.io/account/plan). See the [air-gapping documentation](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/reference/air-gapping) for more on how to use the license text.

Immediately after activating, FusionAuth must obtain a secure connection to FusionAuth's servers. 
It may take a minute or two to complete activation.

Once that has happened, the <InlineField>Licensed</InlineField> field will change to a green checkmark.
This may require a page refresh.
You will also see a list of premium features.
Depending on your particular plan, some may not be active.
You can see a list of features on the [premium features page](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/premium-features).

![Activate Reactor.](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/reactor-activated.png)

## Regenerating Your License

You may want to regenerate your license for any number of reasons.

* It may be part of a regular secrets rotation system.
* You may have inadvertently exposed your license key.

You can do so using the [Reactor API](/docs/apis/reactor).

But you can also regenerate the license via the <Breadcrumb>Plan</Breadcrumb> tab.
To do so, log into your [Account](https://account.fusionauth.io/account). Then navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Plan</Breadcrumb> tab. Then click the <InlineUIElement>Action</InlineUIElement> button to display the dropdown.

![The license action dropdown.](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/license-action-dropdown.png)

After you choose which license to regenerate, you'll be prompted to confirm your choice.

![Regenerate the license key.](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/regenerate-license.png)

## Deactivating Your License

<DeactivateLicense />

## The License API

You can use the [Reactor API](/docs/apis/reactor) to activate or deactivate your license. 

You can also retrieve data on the license status of your instance, including whether specific features are enabled or disabled.

## Licensing and Kickstart

You can set your license Id using Kickstart as well.
Doing so allows you to use features requiring a license in your development environment and continuous integration systems.
You should use the non-production license Id in your Kickstart files.

<KickstartLicenseText />

Learn more about [setting up Kickstart](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/kickstart).

## Advanced Scenarios

You may configure FusionAuth to use an HTTP proxy for any outbound connections. This is done using the `proxy.*` configuration settings, [documented here](/docs/reference/configuration). When a proxy is configured, FusionAuth will use it for all outbound HTTP connections, including the data downloads for premium features mentioned above. Using a proxy in this manner allows FusionAuth to access external data through a connection of your choosing. 

You can run FusionAuth with limited or no network access by using an [air-gapped license](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/reference/air-gapping). Please [contact sales](/contact) for more information.

## Deleting Your Account

<DeletingYourAccount />

## Common Questions

**Which license do I use?**

There are two licenses, a production license and a non-production one. Use the production license on any system where real live users login. This will be tracked for purposes of MAU calculations, and will affect your monthly bill.

Non-production licenses are used for any other purpose: development, UAT, testing, CI/CD, etc. Any logins which occur on an instance with such a license will not be part of the MAU count.

**What counts as an active user?**

Any user who logs in during the time period. It doesn't matter if they log in once or one thousand times. [Learn more about what counts as a login here](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/users#what-makes-a-user-active).

Other questions about licensing, MAU overages and certifications can be found in [the License FAQ](/license-faq).

# Limitations

import UserInfoAudClaimLimits from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_userinfo-aud-claim-limits.mdx';
import UserSearchLimits from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_user-search-limits.mdx';
import UserSearchLimitsWorkarounds from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_user-search-limits-workarounds.mdx';
import UpdateKeyNote from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_update-key-note.mdx';
import DefaultEntities from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_default-entities.mdx';
import LoginAPIScopeLimitations from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_login-api-scope-limits.mdx';
import LogoutBehaviorAllApplications from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_logout-behavior-all-applications.mdx';
import SamlIdpLimitations from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_saml-idp-limitations.mdx';
import SamlSpLimitations from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_saml-sp-limitations.mdx';
import DataFieldDataTypeChanges from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_data-field-data-type-changes.mdx';
import TwoFactorTotpLimits from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_two-factor-totp-limits.mdx';
import MultiTenantLimitations from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_multi-tenant-limitations.mdx';
import DowntimeUpgradeLimitation from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_downtime-upgrade-limitation.mdx';
import ConfigurationLimits from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_configuration-limits.mdx';
import ScimLimits from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_scim-limits.mdx';
import TemplateContentLimits from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_template-content-limits.mdx';
import TerraformLimitations from 'src/content/docs/operate/deploy/_terraform-limitations.mdx';
import IdentityProviderLimitations from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_identity-provider-limits.mdx';
import GroupLimits from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_group-limits.md';
import AdminCustomFormLimitations from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/_custom-admin-form-limitations.mdx';
import FIPSLimits from 'src/content/docs/operate/secure/_fips-limitations.mdx';

FusionAuth has the following known limits:

## User Searches

<UserSearchLimits />

### Maximum Users Returned Workarounds

<UserSearchLimitsWorkarounds />

## Field Lengths

FusionAuth stores most data in a database. Lengths of specific fields are documented in the database schema for your database type. Please [download the database schema for your version of FusionAuth](/direct-download) to review length limits for a particular column.

Many varchar columns have a length of 191. Why 191? In MySQL when using a `utf8mb4` (4 byte character set) on an indexed column, MySQL limits the usable characters to 191 to account for the overhead of the 4 byte addressing. The InnoDB MySQL engine has a max index length of 767 bytes (for mysql 5.7.9, the earliest version of MySQL which [FusionAuth supports](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/reference/system-requirements)). Because we are using `utf8mb4` which allows up to 4 bytes per character, we end up with 767/4 ~ 191, so we set the column length to that.

## API Keys

FusionAuth is API first and everything can be managed by an API. You can create an API key in the following ways:

* Using the [API Key API](/docs/apis/api-keys), if you are using version 1.26 or greater.
* Use the administrative user interface.
* [Kickstart](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/kickstart) which only works on fresh installations.

## Minimum Key Lengths

You can use FusionAuth to manage your cryptographic keys. Due to security considerations, FusionAuth won't import keys below a certain length.

For RSA keys used to verify signatures, the minimum length is 1024. This key length is allowed as of FusionAuth 1.23.4 and supports external systems that rely upon this weak key length.

For RSA keys used for signing or any other purpose, the minimum length is 2048.

For ECC keys, the minimum length is 256.

See the [Keys API](/docs/apis/keys) for more, including supported algorithms and lengths.

## Updating Keys

FusionAuth can manage keys, secrets, and certificates, using [Key Master](/docs/operate/secure/key-master). You can update a Key managed by FusionAuth, with some limits.

<UpdateKeyNote />

## Default Configuration

There are a number of items in FusionAuth created by default and which cannot be removed. Additionally, there are sometimes limits to modifying them.

Here are the default items and their Ids:

<DefaultEntities />

## Login API and OAuth Scopes

<LoginAPIScopeLimitations />

## OAuth Logout Behavior

<LogoutBehaviorAllApplications />

## UserInfo Authorization Header

The UserInfo endpoint takes access tokens and returns claims about the user.

<UserInfoAudClaimLimits />

## SAML

### IdP Limitations

<SamlIdpLimitations />

### SP Limitations

<SamlSpLimitations />

## Identifiers

Identifiers (Ids) in FusionAuth are [UUIDs](/docs/reference/data-types#uuids).

If you are creating an object, such as an Application, with the FusionAuth API, you can specify this Id, as long as it is a valid UUID. The ability to choose specific Ids exists for Users, Applications, and Tenants, among others, and allows you to avoid breaking external systems dependent on existing identifiers.

Ids cannot be modified after the object is created. If you need to change an identifier, delete the object and recreate it with the correct Id.

### User Identifiers

Each account must have an identifier, either an email address or a username. Users may not have multiple email addresses. See [this issue for more information](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1).

An account may have both a username and an email address.

### Client Ids

OAuth has the concept of a `client_id`. In FusionAuth, `client_id`s cannot be modified after creation. During creation, an Id can be set to any valid UUID value. The Id must be unique across all Tenants.

The `client_id` is always the same as either the Application Id or Entity Id, depending on the grant you are using.

## Data Type Changes In 'data' Fields

<DataFieldDataTypeChanges />

## TOTP Algorithm Implementation

<TwoFactorTotpLimits />

## Multi-Tenancy

<MultiTenantLimitations />

## System Upgrade Downtime

<DowntimeUpgradeLimitation />

## Database Configuration

<ConfigurationLimits />

## Password Hashes

There is no FusionAuth API allowing user password hashes to be exported.

If you need to migrate hashes from FusionAuth to any other system, use a database export.

## SCIM

<ScimLimits />

## Email Templates

<TemplateContentLimits />

## Terraform Limitations

<TerraformLimitations />

## Identity Provider Limitations

<IdentityProviderLimitations />

## Group Limitations

<GroupLimits />

## Admin Custom Forms

<AdminCustomFormLimitations />

## FIPS Compliance Limits

<FIPSLimits />

## What's Not Limited

All other objects and configuration, including but not limited to the following, are limited only by the resources of your system:

* Users
* Applications
* Tenants
* Roles
* Groups
* Identity Providers such as SAML or OIDC connections
* API keys to allow for programmatic configuration of and interaction with FusionAuth
* The number of email templates
* Supported languages/locales
* Signing and verifying keys
* MFA methods per user

# Localization and Internationalization

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import LocalePrecedence from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_locale_precedence.mdx';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

FusionAuth is built from the ground up with localization (often abbreviated l10n), translation and internationalization (often abbreviated i18n) in mind. 

* Internationalization is the practice of building a product such that it can be used in many languages. This is often done by extracting user interface elements such as images and text to files which can be customized for a given language and country, as well as by having a data model capable of storing users' preferred language and locale.
* Localization is the practice of actually configuring a product for a given language and country. This can include formatting of data, such as numbers, translation, and formatting images or layout.
* Translation is converting all text in an interface to a given language.
* A locale identifies a language and a geographic region. An example is `fr_CA`, which means Canadian French, as opposed to French French, which is `fr_FR`. Java has [some good locale documentation](https://www.oracle.com/technical-resources/articles/javase/locale.html).

The key data element most relevant to l10n and i18n in FusionAuth is the <InlineField>preferredLanguages</InlineField> field. This is present in both the User and Registration objects and stores a user's locale. The locale is available in the Registration because different applications may support different languages.

There are four different areas of FusionAuth where user language preferences matter.

* [Your application](#obtaining-the-users-locale-in-your-application)
* [Hosted login pages](#hosted-login-pages)
* [Emails and other messages](#emails-and-other-messages)
* [The administrative user interface, that is, the FusionAuth admin UI](#the-fusionauth-administrative-user-interface)

## Obtaining the User's Locale In Your Application

Assign a user's <InlineField>preferredLanguages</InlineField> via the API or [advanced registration form](/docs/lifecycle/register-users/advanced-registration-forms). This allows you to store a user's preferred locale in FusionAuth and use it across all applications. This can take more than one locale. As of version 1.32.2, they are stored in the order they were added. Previously, they were stored in alphabetical order.

The default application registration form has the <InlineField>preferredLanguages</InlineField> field as well.

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/user-registration-locale.png" alt="Adding a registration via the administrative interface allows you to set the preferred language of the user." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

After the user has a locale assigned, you can add it to a JWT using a [JWT populate lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/jwt-populate), so it can be utilized by other applications.

```javascript
function populate(jwt, user, registration) {
  jwt.preferredLanguages = registration.preferredLanguages || ['en_US'];
}
```

You may also retrieve the value from via the [User API](/docs/apis/users). 

## Hosted Login Pages

The hosted login pages, which are displayed for [user facing login flows](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/integration-points#hosted-login-pages) are fully localized. The translation and localization of these pages is done using [themes](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/localization). 

The locale for display is determined in the following manner.

<LocalePrecedence />

The text in all of these login flows for these pages have been translated into a number of different languages. These are available for installation into your FusionAuth instance; they do not ship with the default installation. 

To install a community supported localization package, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Themes -> Your Theme -> Messages</Breadcrumb> and click the <InlineUIElement>Add Localization</InlineUIElement> button. Select your <InlineField>Locale</InlineField> and then copy and paste in the appropriate `messages` file obtained from the repository.

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/installing-translation.png" alt="Installing a Polish translation for the hosted login pages." width="1200" />

After you have set up your localized theme, set the tenant's <InlineField>Login theme</InlineField> to your theme. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> My Tenant -> General</Breadcrumb> to do so.

The current list of languages is:

* Arabic (`ar`)
* Chinese Simplified (`zh_CN`)
* Czech (`cz`)
* Danish (`da`)
* Dutch (`nl`)
* English (`en`)
* Finnish (`fi`)
* French (`fr`)
* German (`de`)
* Indonesian (`id_ID`)
* Italian (`it`)
* Japanese (`ja`)
* Polish (`pl`)
* Portuguese - Brazilian (`pt_BR`)
* Russian (`ru`)
* Spanish (`es`)
* Swedish (`sv`)
* Ukrainian (`ua`)

Here's a brief video showing how to install translated messages in your theme.

<YouTube id="RWQsRXPCUVc" />

Visit the [fusionauth-localization GitHub repo](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-localization/) to view the most up to date list of translations or to contribute one.

### Unsupported Languages

There's a distinction in FusionAuth language support for the hosted login pages, which is the difference between internationalization and localization. This is discussed [above](#overview), but it is worth reiterating that both of these are true:

* FusionAuth is built to support any language for the hosted login pages experience. Your end users can log in using a UX that is in their language. This is because the hosted login pages are internationalized.
* FusionAuth, however, does not provide translations for all human languages. The team only provides an English translation. There is a [fusionauth-localization GitHub repo](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-localization/) which has community provided translations for the languages listed above. The team is happy to accept revisions or new translations. This is because the hosted login pages are not fully localized in all languages.

Suppose you needed support for both Afrikaans and Zulu, but find that there are no translations available. To use FusionAuth with these languages, you would:

* download the English messages file from the [GitHub repo](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-localization/) and translate all messages using whatever resources or software you had access to
* install the new file in FusionAuth as documented above

You could contribute the translated messages file back to the community, if you desired to, by opening a PR against the GitHub repo.

You should review the content of the messages file to make sure it meets your branding requirements as well. You typically need to refine or modify the messages based on your product's tone, messaging and brand identity.

## Emails and Other Messages

FusionAuth sends emails and other messages on behalf of your application. An example would be a "Forgot Password" email. FusionAuth provides support for you to customize and localize these messages. 

Unlike the hosted login pages, there are no community supported bundles of translated email templates. The shipped email template text is rarely used in production. In general you will customize the content as well as the language to support your organization and applications.

Please see the [email template localization documentation](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/email-templates#localization) for more.

{/*  Add SMS localization here when it ships */}

## The FusionAuth Administrative User Interface

There are no translations of the FusionAuth administrative user interface. Currently the only supported language is English. The interface does support limited localization in the display of dates, times and numbers. 

To enable this localization, set the admin user's preferred language. Then, items such as dates and numbers will be formatted based on the user's locale. 

FusionAuth supports the following locales for the administrative user interface.

<Aside type="note">
The list below is of supported locales which will affect the presentation of dates, times and numbers in the administrative user interface, not locales for which the interface has been completely translated.
</Aside>

* Arabic (`ar`)
* Czech (`cs`)
* Danish (`da`)
* German (`de`)
* Greek (`el`)
* English (`en`)
* English - US (`en_us`)
* Spanish (`es`)
* French (`fr`)
* Irish (`ga`)
* Hebrew (`he`)
* Hindi (`hi`)
* Italian (`it`)
* Japanese (`ja`)
* Korean (`ko`)
* Dutch (`nl`)
* Norwegian (`no`)
* Portuguese (`pt`)
* Russian (`ru`)
* Swedish (`sv`)
* Chinese (`kzh`)
* Chinese - Simplified (`zh_CN`)
* Chinese - Traditional (`zh_TW`)

In the below screenshot, Richard has a <InlineField>preferredLanguage</InlineField> of `French`. When Richard interacts with the FusionAuth administrative user interface, the account with the email `dinesh@fusionauth.io`, created on Oct 5, 2020, has a displayed date formatted as specified by the French locale, with the day first.

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/user-locale-fusionauth-admin-ui.png" alt="The FusionAuth administrative interface as viewed by a user with a preferred language of French." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

If you'd like to see additional localizations or translations of the FusionAuth administrative interface, please [file an issue](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-issues/issues).

# Plans and Features

import AdvancedPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_advanced-plan-blurb.astro';
import AdvancedPlanBlurbApi from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_advanced-plan-blurb-api.astro';
import CloudLimits from 'src/content/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/_cloud-limits.mdx';
import EnterprisePlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_enterprise-plan-blurb.astro';
import EnterprisePlanBlurbApi from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_enterprise-plan-blurb-api.astro';
import Features from 'src/content/docs/_features.astro';
import LicensedPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_licensed-plan-blurb.mdx';
import LicensedPlanBlurbApi from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_licensed-plan-blurb-api.mdx';
import LicensingPremiumFeaturesIntro from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_licensing-premium-features-intro.mdx';
import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import PremiumPlanBlurbApi from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb-api.astro';

<LicensingPremiumFeaturesIntro />

After summarizing the features offered in different FusionAuth plans, this article will explain the differences between hosting FusionAuth yourself, and having it hosted and managed for you in the cloud.

## Plans and Features

FusionAuth has different plans which have different features.
They are also called editions.

* `Community` has all features not otherwise labeled in the documentation.
* `Licensed Community` has all licensed community features.
* `Starter` has all starter features, but some may have some numeric or usage limits.
* `Essentials` has all essentials and starter features, but some may have some numeric limits.
* `Enterprise` has all enterprise, essentials and starter features and no limits.

Please review the [features page](/feature-list) for much more information on plans and features.

## Feature List

Here are the major features available in each licensed plan.

### Licensed Community Features

<Features plan="licensed" />

### Starter Features

<Features plan="premium" />

### Essentials Features

<Features plan="advanced" />

### Enterprise Features

<Features plan="enterprise"/>

## Feature Documentation

The FusionAuth documentation calls out features not part of the Community plan so you can make an informed decision about which plan works for you.

If a feature you are using requires a license, you may also encounter an error message in the administrative user interface or in an API message.

### Licensed Community Features

Throughout the documentation, you'll see features available to all licensed plans marked like so:

<LicensedPlanBlurb version="1.52.0" />

In the API documentation, you'll see licensed features marked like this:

<LicensedPlanBlurbApi feature="this feature" />

### Starter Features

Throughout the documentation, you'll see starter features marked like so:

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

In the API documentation, you'll see starter features marked like this:

<PremiumPlanBlurbApi feature="this feature" />

### Essentials Features

Throughout the documentation, you'll see essentials features marked like so:

<AdvancedPlanBlurb />

In the API documentation, you'll see essentials features marked like this:

<AdvancedPlanBlurbApi feature="this feature" />

### Enterprise Features

Throughout the documentation, you'll see enterprise features marked like so:

<EnterprisePlanBlurb />

In the API documentation, you'll see enterprise features marked like this:

<EnterprisePlanBlurbApi feature="this feature" />

## Self-Hosted FusionAuth Versus Cloud-Hosted FusionAuth

Once you have chosen a FusionAuth plan with the features you want, you need to decide where to host your FusionAuth instance. You can host it yourself, either on-premise server or with a cloud service provider like Hetzner or AWS, or you can use FusionAuth Cloud to host your instance. Your decision to self-host or register for FusionAuth Cloud is independent of which plan you choose. There are no differences in plan features between hosts.

Let's first consider how each hosting type works, and then assess the advantages of each.

### How Each Hosting Type Works

For self-hosting, you download the FusionAuth software (as a Docker image, zip file, RPM or DEB--your choice), and run it together with a MySQL or PostgreSQL server. You may also run Elasticsearch, but it's optional. You have full control over the configuration of FusionAuth but have to manage and maintain all the following considerations:

- Database backups
- Monitoring and error checking
- Networking
- Upgrades to PostgreSQL and FusionAuth
- Server scaling and migration as your users increase
- Load balancing
- Proxy configuration

To learn how to run FusionAuth on your own host, read the [guide to using FusionAuth on Docker](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/docker) or [one of the other options](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/fusionauth-app).

For cloud hosting, you create a FusionAuth Cloud account and choose a plan. You can then start and stop as many instances of FusionAuth (called deployments) as you want through the web interface. You pay for each deployment for as long as it runs but need not worry about any of the considerations of self-hosting.

You can choose what geographic region your deployment runs in, you have API level access to manage your deployment, and you control the upgrade cycle.

To learn how to use cloud hosting in detail, read the [FusionAuth Cloud guide](/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/cloud). To estimate the fees for the deployments in your account, use the [pricing calculator](https://account.fusionauth.io/pricing-calculator/).

### Advantages Of Each Hosting Type

Self-hosting gives you complete control over FusionAuth, including the ability to use [Kickstart](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/kickstart) to start an instance with the exact configuration you need, allowing you to specify whether it includes sample applications and users. You can use Kickstart in conjunction with GitHub or continuous deployment services to deploy any number and configuration of FusionAuth instances. You can set up proxies and otherwise limit access to FusionAuth should you need to for compliance or security reasons. You can monitor and instrument FusionAuth using any Java compatible tooling. You can turn off usage data reporting. The FusionAuth database runs on your database. You can make FusionAuth highly available in the same way you would any other web application. With database access, you can run any SQL queries against it to extract data for analytics. Running any queries which modify the database will void your support warranty. 

Cloud hosting is more convenient than self-hosting. Starting and stopping a deployment takes only a few clicks, as does upgrading. Deployments scale easily as your number of customers grows, due to the more powerful cloud instances available to handle the greater authentication workload. Backups are automated and available should you need to roll back your database at any time. A team of FusionAuth experts manages the cloud environment and is available if you need support. You can also purchase a 99.99% uptime service level agreement (SLA) to guarantee that your app's authentication will always be available. FusionAuth is also available in the [cloud marketplaces(/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/marketplaces/), allowing you to use your pre-approved spend to pay for FusionAuth as a single line item.

In exchange for convenience, cloud hosting offers less control than self-hosting. 

<CloudLimits />

### Use Cases For Each Hosting Type

Self-hosting is free (other than any required license, computer and network costs), which is perfect for testing FusionAuth, local development, or any spare resources you already have on an existing server. You can also host FusionAuth anywhere, even on a private network, which may be a requirement for your organization's data regulations. Self-hosting is a good choice if your team has the knowledge and time to manage FusionAuth.

Cloud hosting is a good choice for businesses that want to spend as little time as possible managing infrastructure or that don't know enough about FusionAuth and server management to host it themselves.

If neither option offers you an obvious advantage, compare the cost of self-hosting and cloud hosting to decide: 

- Self-hosting is a good choice when you have an infrastructure team with spare time to monitor and maintain your own instances. 
- Cloud hosting costs money but saves your infrastructure team time. 

You should calculate the total cost of cloud hosting your deployments against the cost of having your own team maintaining FusionAuth, and the potential cost of downtime if your local FusionAuth instance were to become misconfigured.

# Premium Features

import Features from 'src/content/docs/_features.astro';

FusionAuth has a full-featured Community plan, but some features are reserved for customer with a license key. This section outlines the features and how to use them.

### Licensed Community Features

<Features plan="licensed" />

### Premium Features

{/*  Don't add a new feature here. Add it to the src/content/json/features.json file and the list will be generated. */}
<Features plan="premium" />

### Advanced Features

{/*  Don't add a new feature here. Add it to the src/content/json/features.json file and the list will be generated. */}
<Features plan="advanced" />

### Enterprise Features

{/*  Don't add a new feature here. Add it to the src/content/json/features.json file and the list will be generated. */}
<Features plan="enterprise" />

# Registrations

import RegistrationAttributes from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_registration_attributes.mdx';
import RegistrationsSelfService from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_registrations-self-service.mdx';

Registrations in FusionAuth are the link between [Users](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/users) and [Applications](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications).

A User can have zero or more registrations. Each registration can have zero or more [roles](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/roles) associated with it. 


The [registrations API](/docs/apis/registrations) documents the allowed attributes of a User registration.

If a User exists in a [tenant](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/roles) and attempts to authenticate against an [Application](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications), but are not registered, the [authentication will succeed but they will not be authorized](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/authentication-authorization).

## Core Concepts Relationships

Below is a visual reminder of the relationships between FusionAuth's primary core concepts.

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/core-concepts-relationships-registrations.png" alt="Diagram showing Registrations used within FusionAuth" />

### Attributes

With [advanced registration forms](/docs/lifecycle/register-users/advanced-registration-forms), you can customize the attributes of a registration. By default, registrations have the following attributes:

<RegistrationAttributes />

### Registrations and Self-Service Registration

<RegistrationsSelfService />

# Roles

import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import RoleAttributes from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_role_attributes.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';

Roles in FusionAuth are associated with an [application](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications). You can define as many roles as you want in an application. There are no limits on the number of roles a user or a group can have.

Roles are application specific and may be specific to the domain of the application. Roles are typically used by APIs and applications to control access to functionality. For example, Zendesk presents a different user interface to users with the `agent` role than to users without that role.

For a further example, an e-commerce application may have the following roles:

* `admin`
* `seller`
* `shopper`

On the other hand, a content management system may have these roles:

* `admin`
* `editor`
* `contributor`
* `subscriber`

Roles are available in the [JWT](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/tokens) upon successful [authorization](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/authentication-authorization) and are also returned as part of the [user's registrations](/docs/apis/registrations).

You can associate roles with [users](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/users) directly via their [registration](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/registrations). Or you can assign an application role to a [group](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/groups), and then any users in that group who have access to that application will have that role.

## Core Concepts Relationships

Below is a visual reminder of the relationships between FusionAuth's primary core concepts.

![Diagram showing Roles used within FusionAuth](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/core-concepts-relationships-roles.png)

## Role Attributes

Roles in FusionAuth have the following attributes:

<RoleAttributes />

## FusionAuth Admin UI Roles

FusionAuth provides an administrative user interface for the running instance with several built-in roles. These can be assigned to any user registered with the FusionAuth admin application. These roles control access to functionality within the FusionAuth administrative user interface.

<Aside type="note">
These roles are used only internally to manage authorization within the FusionAuth admin UI application.

These roles are *not global* and are not present in any other applications for which FusionAuth provides authentication, authorization, or user management.
</Aside>

Below you can see the administrative user interface screen where you assign roles in the FusionAuth application to a user.

![FusionAuth application roles](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/fusionauth-roles.png)

### Role Schema and Exceptions

The table below outlines how admin UI roles were designed at an abstract level. Of course, risk is always relative to the information and organization; even a low-access role can do significant damage in the wrong hands.

In general, FusionAuth roles follow this convention:

| Suffix     | Access Level | Meaning                                  |
|------------|--------------|------------------------------------------|
| `_viewer`  | low          | Can view entities of a particular type   |
| `_manager` | high         | Can add or edit the entities             |
| `_deleter` | high         | Can delete entities                      |

However, when an entity is missing one of these roles, such as a `_deleter` role, the `_manager` role has additional capabilities.

There are a few roles which do not follow the above convention.

| Role                   | Access Level | Meaning                         |
|------------------------|--------------|---------------------------------|
| `admin`                | highest      | Can manage anything (see below) |
| `user_support_manager` | varied       | Tech support role (see below)   |


### Admin UI Roles

Below are all the roles available in the FusionAuth Admin UI. There is [additional documentation for the `user_support_manager` role](#the-user_support_manager-role).

| Name                       | Id                                     | Description                                                                                                                                                                    |
|----------------------------|----------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `admin`                    | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb8236e2` | Can manage everything, including creating new users with administrator privileges.                                                                                             |
| `acl_manager`              | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb823712` | Can add and edit IP access control lists. <AvailableSince since="1.30.0"/>                                                                                                     |
| `acl_deleter`              | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb823711` | Can delete IP access control lists. <AvailableSince since="1.30.0"/>                                                                                                           |
| `api_key_manager`          | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb8236e3` | Can add, edit and delete API keys.                                                                                                                                             |
| `application_deleter`      | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb8236e4` | Can delete applications.                                                                                                                                                       |
| `application_manager`      | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb8236e5` | Can add and edit applications. Can also add, edit and delete roles and scopes.                                                                                                 |
| `audit_log_viewer`         | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb8236e6` | Can view audit logs.                                                                                                                                                           |
| `connector_deleter`        | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb823700` | Can delete Connectors. <AvailableSince since="1.18.0"/>                                                                                                                        |
| `connector_manager`        | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb823701` | Can add and edit Connectors. <AvailableSince since="1.18.0"inline={true}/>                                                                                                     |
| `consent_deleter`          | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb8236fc` | Can delete consents.                                                                                                                                                           |
| `consent_manager`          | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb8236fd` | Can add and edit consents.                                                                                                                                                     |
| `email_template_manager`   | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb8236e7` | Can add, edit and delete email templates.                                                                                                                                      |
| `entity_manager`           | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb823706` | Can add, edit and delete entities. <AvailableSince since="1.26.0"/>                                                                                                            |
| `event_log_viewer`         | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb8236fa` | Can view the event log.                                                                                                                                                        |
| `form_deleter`             | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb823702` | Can delete forms and form fields. <AvailableSince since="1.18.0"/>                                                                                                             |
| `form_manager`             | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb823703` | Can add and edit forms and form fields. <AvailableSince since="1.18.0"/>                                                                                                       |
| `group_deleter`            | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb8236f6` | Can delete groups.                                                                                                                                                             |
| `group_manager`            | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb8236f5` | Can add and edit groups.                                                                                                                                                       |
| `key_manager`              | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb8236fb` | Can add, edit and delete keys.                                                                                                                                                 |
| `lambda_manager`           | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb8236f9` | Can add, edit and delete lambdas.                                                                                                                                              |
| `message_template_deleter` | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb823709` | Can delete message templates. <AvailableSince since="1.26.0"/>                                                                                                                 |
| `message_template_manager` | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb823710` | Can add and edit message templates. <AvailableSince since="1.26.0"/>                                                                                                           |
| `messenger_deleter`        | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb823707` | Can delete messengers. <AvailableSince since="1.26.0"inline={true}/>                                                                                                           |
| `messenger_manager`        | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb823708` | Can add and edit messengers. <AvailableSince since="1.26.0"/>                                                                                                                  |
| `reactor_manager`          | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb8236ff` | Can add and edit reactor and license settings, including detaching a license from an instance. <AvailableSince since="1.15.0"/>                                                |
| `report_viewer`            | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb8236e8` | Can view reports.                                                                                                                                                              |
| `system_manager`           | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb8236e9` | Can add and edit system configuration. Can also delete themes, manage identity providers, manage integrations with CleanSpeak and Kafka, view system logs and login records, reindex Elasticsearch and see information about the FusionAuth version.  |
| `tenant_deleter`           | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb8236f8` | Can delete tenants.                                                                                                                                                            |
| `tenant_manager`           | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb8236f7` | Can add and edit tenants.                                                                                                                                                      |
| `theme_manager`            | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb8236fe` | Can add and edit themes.                                                                                                                                                       |
| `user_action_deleter`      | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb8236f0` | Can delete user actions.
                                         |
| `user_action_manager`      | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb8236f1` | Can add and edit user actions. Can also add, edit and delete user action reasons.                                                                                              |
| `user_deleter`             | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb8236f2` | Can delete users.                                                                                                                                                              |
| `user_manager`             | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb8236f3` | Can add and edit users. Please note that because this role can fully manage users, it is similar to the `admin` role. The `user_support_manager` role is recommended in most cases.|
| `user_support_manager`     | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb823704` | Allows for a limited scope of user management. See below. <AvailableSince since="1.23.0"/>                                                                                     |
| `user_support_viewer`      | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb823705` | Can view user information. <AvailableSince since="1.23.0"/>                                                                                                                    |
| `webhook_event_log_viewer` | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb823713` | Can view the webhook event log. <AvailableSince since="1.53.0"/>                                                                                                               |
| `webhook_manager`          | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb8236f4` | Can add, edit and delete webhooks.                                                                                                                                             |

### The user_support_manager Role

The `user_support_manager` role is a role tuned for tier 1 technical support personnel and has a mix of capabilities. A user with such a role can:

| Domain       | Ability                                                                                                                                                                         |
|--------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| consents     | Manage consents.                                                                                                                                                                |
| email        | Send a verify email request.                                                                                                                                                    |
| passwords    | Send a forgot password request.                                                                                                                                                 |
| passwords    | Require a password change at next login.                                                                                                                                        |
| group        | Manage group membership.                                                                                                                                                        |
| family       | Manage family membership.                                                                                                                                                       |
| registration | View a registration.                                                                                                                                                            |
| registration | Add a registration with no role management. If a new registration is created it would receive the default roles only. Cannot add a role to the FusionAuth admin UI application. |
| registration | Edit a registration with no role modification.                                                                                                                                  |
| registration | Delete a registration.                                                                                                                                                          |
| user         | Add a user.                                                                                                                                                                     |
| user         | Edit a user, except for any identity information that could be used to authenticate. For example, the email and username cannot be modified.                                    |
| user         | Lock a user account.                                                                                                                                                            |
| user         | Unlock a user account.                                                                                                                                                          |
| user         | View 2FA settings if available.                                                                                                                                                 |
| user         | Action a user.                                                                                                                                                                  |
| user         | Add a comment to a user.                                                                                                                                                        |
| user         | Verify a user's email address.                                                                                                                                                  |
| tokens       | Manage sessions (refresh tokens).                                                                                                                                               |

## FusionAuth Tenant Manager roles

Below are all the roles available for use in the Tenant Manager application.

| Name                       | Id                                     | Description                                                                                                                                                                    |
|----------------------------|----------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `admin`                    | `631ecd9d-8d40-4c13-8277-80cedb823714` | Can manage everything.                                                                                             |

# OAuth Scopes

import AdvancedPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_advanced-plan-blurb.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Icon from 'src/components/icon/Icon.astro'

<AdvancedPlanBlurb />

<Aside type="version">
  Available since version `1.50.0`
</Aside>

Scope management in FusionAuth allows an administrator to define OAuth scopes and the messaging used on the OAuth consent screen when these scopes are requested.

Scopes in FusionAuth are associated with an [application](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications). While there is no limit to the number of scopes an application can have, each must have a unique name.

By providing the `scope` parameter on an OAuth request, you can limit the scope of access for the resulting access token. Providing a `scope` value that matches the level of access the token needs for the current workflow enhances security by limiting what can be done with the token if it is intercepted or stolen.

For applications that do not have the same owner as the authorization server, called third-party applications in FusionAuth, OAuth scopes and the [themeable](/docs/customize/look-and-feel) consent prompt allow users the chance to limit the information shared with the third-party or decline access to their information entirely.

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/scopes-consent.png" alt="Scope Consent Prompt" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

This page provides more detail around managing custom OAuth scopes. The [OAuth Scopes](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/scopes) page has more information on configuring how the application handles scopes, including the consent prompt.

## Managing Scopes

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/manage-scopes.png" alt="Manage Scopes Page" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

This is the Manage Scopes homepage for a given application. From here you can see a list of all the configured OAuth scopes
as well as perform the following actions:

|                          |                                               |
|--------------------------|-----------------------------------------------|
| <Icon name="plus"/>      | **Create** a new OAuth scope                  |
| <Icon name="edit"/>      | **Edit** a previously created OAuth scope     |
| <Icon name="fa-search"/> | **View** a previously created OAuth scope     |
| <Icon name="trash"/>     | **Remove** a previously created OAuth scope   |


### Create and Edit a Scope

Creating and editing scopes for an application is straight forward.

Here is what you can expect when creating a new scope:

<Aside type="note">
  Once created, a scope is implicitly enabled and can be requested by the application during an OAuth workflow.
</Aside>

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/manage-scopes-create.png" alt="Manage Scopes - Create Scope" width="1200" />

Here is what you can expect when updating an existing scope:

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/manage-scopes-edit.png" alt="Manage Scopes - Edit Scope" width="1200" />

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Name" required>
    The name of the OAuth scope. This is the value that will be used to request the scope in OAuth workflows.

    <Aside type="note">
      Once a scope has been created the name cannot be updated. In this situation, you will need to create a new scope and delete the old one.
    </Aside>
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Description" optional>
    A description of the OAuth scope for internal use.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Consent message" optional>
    The default message to display on the OAuth consent screen if one cannot be found in the theme.
    [Learn more about setting this value using themes.](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/localization#oauth-scope-consent-prompt)
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Consent details" optional>
    The default detail to display on the OAuth consent screen if one cannot be found in the theme.
    [Learn more about setting this value using themes.](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/localization#oauth-scope-consent-prompt)
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Required" optional>
    Determines if the OAuth scope is required when requested in an OAuth workflow.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### View a Scope

Additional details about a particular OAuth scope can be viewed by clicking the <Icon name="fa-search"/> action:

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/manage-scopes-view.png" alt="Manage Scopes - View Scope" width="1200" />

### Remove a Scope

When a scope is no longer needed, it can be removed by clicking the <Icon name="trash"/> action:

<Aside type="note">
  Deleting a scope can impact the OAuth workflows for an application in different ways depending on the
  [Unknown scope policy](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications#scopes) configured for that application.
  It will also affect resource servers or APIs which may be expecting a scope to be presented in a token.
</Aside>

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/manage-scopes-delete.png" alt="Manage Scopes - Delete Scope" width="1200" />

# Tenants

import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import AdvancedPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_advanced-plan-blurb.astro';
import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import DefaultSMTPConfigurationProperties from 'src/content/docs/_shared/default-smtp-configuration-properties.mdx';
import TemplateSettings from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_template-settings.mdx';
import EnterprisePlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_enterprise-plan-blurb.astro';
import EnterprisePlanBlurbApi from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_enterprise-plan-blurb-api.astro';
import Icon from 'src/components/icon/Icon.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import LicensedPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_licensed-plan-blurb.mdx';
import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import RefreshTokenSettings from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_refresh-token-settings.mdx';
import TenantJsonWebTokenSettings from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_tenant-json-web-token-settings.mdx';
import TenantWebhooksTable from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_tenant-webhooks-table.mdx';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

FusionAuth is fundamentally a single tenant solution, so you may be surprised to learn that we support multiple tenants.

FusionAuth will always be a single tenant solution, this means that your instance of FusionAuth is your own and even when FusionAuth is hosting, we do not co-mingle your data with other clients. FusionAuth was built as a single tenant solution, and we have no plans to change anytime soon.

It is entirely likely that our clients may wish to be multi-tenant or offer their services to more than one client. In these scenarios it may be useful to separate Users, Applications and Groups for each of your clients.

For example, let's assume you are building a payroll offering using a SaaS model. In this case it is possible that `monica@piedpiper.com` works for two of your clients, Acme Corp and The Umbrella Company. Because Monica is not aware that Acme Corp and The Umbrella Company both are buying their Payroll software from the same vendor it would be surprising for Monica to share the same password and account details between these two companies. In this scenario you would likely want to utilize the FusionAuth Tenant to ensure that `monica@piedpiper.com` exists once for each instance of your Payroll offering.

See [Tenant API Authentication](/docs/apis/authentication#making-an-api-request-using-a-tenant-id) for more details about making API requests in a multi-tenant configuration.

Here's a brief video covering some aspects of tenants:

<YouTube id="bamlKmIelyc" />

## Core Concepts Relationships

Below is a visual reminder of the relationships between FusionAuth's primary core concepts.

![Diagram showing Tenants used within FusionAuth.](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/core-concepts-relationships-tenants.png)

## Admin UI

This page describes the admin UI for creating and configuring a Tenant.

### List of Tenants

To display a list of tenants, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants</Breadcrumb>.

![List of Tenants](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenant-configuration-list.png)

Using the icons on this screen, you can:

* <Icon name="plus" /> Create a new tenant
* <Icon name="trash" /> Delete the tenant configuration
  * You cannot delete the [Default tenant](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/limitations#default-configuration).
* <Icon name="copy" /> Duplicate the tenant configuration
* <Icon name="edit" /> Edit the tenant configuration
* <Icon name="fa-search" /> View the tenant configuration


### Create a Tenant

To create a new tenant, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants</Breadcrumb>.

![Create a Tenant.](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/create-tenant.png)

### Tenant Configuration

A majority of your FusionAuth configuration is managed at the Tenant-level.  Some of these configuration options act as defaults and can be overridden by the Application.

### General
![Tenant Configuration - General](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenant-configuration-general.png)

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Issuer" required>
    The named issuer used to sign tokens. This is generally your public fully qualified domain with the `https://` protocol prefix. For example, `https://example.com`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Login Theme" optional>
    The Theme associated with this Tenant; determines which templates to render for interactive work-flows.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Form Settings

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Admin user form" optional since="1.20.0">
    The form that will be used in the FusionAuth UI for adding and editing users.

<PremiumPlanBlurb />
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Username settings

Enable <InlineField>Unique usernames</InlineField> to allow multiple users suggest the same username. If there are any collisions, FusionAuth will transparently create a unique username by appending a suffix. The user will continue to use the username without the suffix.

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Unique usernames" optional defaults="false" since="1.27.0">
    When `true`, FusionAuth will handle username collisions.

<PremiumPlanBlurb />
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Number of digits" optional defaults="5" since="1.27.0">
    The maximum number of digits to use when building a unique suffix for a username. A number will be randomly selected and may be 1 or more digits up to this configured value. The value of this field must be greater than or equal to `3` and less than or equal to `10`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Separator character" optional since="1.27.0">
    A single character to use as a separator from the requested username and a unique suffix that is added when a duplicate username is detected. This value can be a single non alphanumeric ASCII character.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Connectors

Connectors can be enabled on a per tenant basis with a Connector policy.

![The Tenant Connector policy configuration tab.](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenant-connector-tab.png)

You can find details on adding a connector below. Full documentation on Connectors and Connector Policies can be found [here](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors/).

#### Add Connector Policy Dialog

If you click on the <InlineUIElement>Add policy</InlineUIElement> button on this page you will be presented with the following dialog.

![Add Connector Policy](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenant-configuration-connector-add-policy.png)

##### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Connector" required>
    The Connector to be used for this policy.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Domains" optional defaults='["*"]'>
    One or more line separated domains to be used to filter incoming authentication requests. To match all incoming email addresses, a single entry using an asterisk `*` can be used.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Migrate user" optional>
    When selected, migrate the user from the Connector into FusionAuth so that future authentications will use FusionAuth and not the Connector.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Identities

Control Email and Phone Number identity verification and template settings from one place.

![Tenant Configuration - Identities settings](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenant-configuration-identities-settings.png)

#### Messaging Settings

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Messenger" required since="1.59.0">
    The messenger used to deliver messages for phone number verification, passwordless login, two-factor authentication, and event notifications.

    Required when the <InlineField>Verify identity</InlineField> toggle is enabled for phone numbers or when any phone templates are configured in <Breadcrumb>Template Settings</Breadcrumb>.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Identity Verification Settings

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Verify identity" optional>
    When enabled, users will be required to verify their email address or phone number identity.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Allow implicit verification" optional>
    When enabled, this allows a user's email address to be verified as a result of completing a similar based email workflow such as change password.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Verify identity when changed" optional>
    When enabled, users will be required to verify their email address upon update. Phone number identities are always verified after a change.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Verification template" required>
    The email or message template to use when accounts are created to verify the User's email address or phone number.

    Required when the associated <InlineField>Verify identity</InlineField> toggle is enabled.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Verification complete template" optional since="1.30.0">
    The email or message template to use when notifying a user that their email address or phone number has been verified.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Verification strategy" optional since="1.27.0">
    The process by which the user will verify their email address or phone number. Using the `Form Field` method works only when the associated <InlineField>Unverified behavior</InlineField> is `Gated`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Unverified behavior" optional since="1.27.0">
    The way a user is handled during the login process when they do not have a verified email address or phone number.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Allow change when gated" optional since="1.27.0">
    When enabled, the user is allowed to change their email address or phone number when they are gated because they haven't verified their identity.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Delete unverified users" optional>
    When enabled, users who have not verified their email address or phone number after a configurable duration since being created will be permanently deleted.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Delete after" required>
    The duration since creation that a user must exist before being deleted for having an unverified email address or phone number.

    Required when the <InlineField>Delete unverified users</InlineField> toggle is enabled.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

![Tenant Configuration - Template settings](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenant-configuration-template-settings.png)

#### Template settings

<TemplateSettings />

### Email

Once you have configured your email settings, you may test your configuration with the <InlineUIElement>Send test email</InlineUIElement> button.

![Tenant Configuration - SMTP settings](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenant-configuration-smtp-settings.png)

#### SMTP settings

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Host" optional defaults="localhost">
    The hostname of the SMTP server. This will be provided by your SMTP provider.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Port" optional defaults="25">
    The port of the SMTP server. This will be provided by your SMTP provider. Ports `25`, `465` and `587` are the well known ports used by SMTP, it is possible your provider will utilize a different port.

    In most cases you will be using TLS to connect to your SMTP server, and the port will generally be `587` or `465`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Username" optional>
    The username of the outgoing SMTP mail server authentication.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Change password" optional>
    When enabled, you may modify the SMTP password, when the <InlineField>Password</InlineField> field is not displayed the current password will not be modified.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Password" required>
    The new password to use for the outgoing SMTP mail server authentication. This field is only required when <InlineField>Change password</InlineField> is checked.

    When using duplicating Tenants, the SMTP password is not copied. You will have to enter this manually before sending emails.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Security" optional defaults="None">
    The security type when using an SSL connection to the SMTP server. This value should be provided by your SMTP provider.

    Generally speaking, if using port `25` you will select `None`, if using port of `465` you will select `SSL` and if using port `587` you will select `TLS`. It is possible your provider will be different, follow your providers instruction.

    * `None`
    * `SSL`
    * `TLS`
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Default from address" optional>
    The default email address that emails will be sent from when a from address is not provided on an individual email template. This is the address part email address (i.e.  Jared Dunn  `jared@piedpiper.com`).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Default from name" optional>
    The default From Name used in sending emails when a from name is not provided on an individual email template. This is the display name part of the email address ( i.e. **Jared Dunn**  `jared@piedpiper.com`).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Additional Headers" optional since="1.32.0">
    One or more line separated SMTP headers to be added to each outgoing email. The header name and value should be separated by an equals sign. ( i.e. `X-SES-CONFIGURATION-SET=Value`).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Debug enabled" optional since="1.37.0">
    When enabled SMTP and JavaMail debug information will be output to the Event Log.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Family
![Tenant Configuration - Family](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenant-configuration-family-settings.png)

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Enabled" optional>
    When enabled, you may model parent-child user relationships, and observe parental approval and age validation on user creation.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Maximum child age" required>
    The maximum age a user can be to be considered a child.

    Required when the <InlineField>Enabled</InlineField> toggle is enabled.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Minimum owner age" required>
    The minimum age a user must be to create a family.

    Required when the <InlineField>Enabled</InlineField> toggle is enabled.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Allow child registrations" required>
    When enabled, allow children to register themselves without requiring a parent to create their account for them.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Family request template" optional>
    The email template used when children are not able to register themselves and they are asking their parent to create them an account.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Confirm child account template" optional>
    The email template used when a parent needs to confirm a child account before it is activated as part of their family.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Parent registration request template" optional>
    The email template used when a child is requesting that their parent create an account (because it is not created automatically).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Parent email required during registration" optional>
    When enabled, child users must provide their parent's email address during the registration process.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Delete unverified children" optional>
    When enabled, child user accounts that have not been verified by a parent after a configured period will be automatically deleted.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Delete after" required>
    The number of days before a child account that has not yet been verified by a parent is automatically deleted.

    Required when the <InlineField>Delete unverified children</InlineField> toggle is enabled.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Multi-Factor

<PremiumPlanBlurb />
**Note:** The Authenticator/TOTP implementation is not a premium feature, and is included in the Community version. Email and SMS require the Advanced Multi-Factor feature available when purchasing a paid plan.

![Tenant Configuration - MFA policy settings](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenant-configuration-mfa-policy-settings.png)

#### Policies

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="On login" optional>
    When set to `Enabled`, a two-factor challenge will be required during login when a user has configured one or more two-factor methods. When set to `Disabled`, even when a user has one or more two-factor methods configured, a two-factor challenge will not be required during login. When set to `Required`, a two-factor challenge will be required during login. If a user does not have configured two-factor methods, they will not be able to log in.

    Supported values include:

    * Enabled. A challenge will be required during login when an eligible method is available.
    * Disabled. A challenge will not be required during login.
    * Required. A challenge will be required during login. &nbsp; <AvailableSince since="1.42.0"/>
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="MFA requirement lambda" optional>
    The MFA requirement lambda that will be invoked during logins, password changes, and MFA Status API calls. FusionAuth uses this lambda to determine whether to challenge the user with MFA. Will be overridden by any MFA requirement lambda provided by the application.

    You can customize this logic to:

    * Change FusionAuth’s MFA decision for a user.
    * Trigger a suspicious login event based on your criteria. &nbsp; <AvailableSince since="1.62.0"/>
    <EnterprisePlanBlurb />
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

![Tenant Configuration - MFA authenticator settings](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenant-configuration-mfa-authenticator-settings.png)

#### Authenticator settings

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Enabled" optional>
    When enabled, users may use an authenticator application to complete a multi-factor authentication request.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

![Tenant Configuration - MFA email settings](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenant-configuration-mfa-email-settings.png)

#### Email settings

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Enabled" optional>
    When enabled, users may use an email address to complete a multi-factor authentication request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Template" required>
    The email template to use when a multi-factor authentication request is sent to the User's email address.

    Required when the <InlineField>Enabled</InlineField> toggle is enabled.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

![Tenant Configuration - MFA SMS settings](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenant-configuration-mfa-sms-settings.png)

#### SMS settings

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Enabled" optional>
    When enabled, users may use a mobile phone number to complete a multi-factor authentication request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Messenger" required>
    The Messenger used to deliver the template.

    Required when the <InlineField>Enabled</InlineField> toggle is enabled.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Template" required>
    The SMS template to use when a multi-factor authentication request is sent to the User's mobile phone number.

    Required when the <InlineField>Enabled</InlineField> toggle is enabled.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### WebAuthn

<LicensedPlanBlurb version="1.52.0" />

![Tenant Configuration - WebAuthn](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenant-configuration-webauthn.png)

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Enabled" optional>
    When enabled, WebAuthn is available for the tenant, and additional configuration options will be available.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Relying party Id" optional>
    The Relying Party Id is used to scope WebAuthn passkeys to the site where they were registered. As part of WebAuthn's security requirements, this value must be either:

     * The browser request origin's effective domain
     * A registrable domain suffix of the effective domain

    For example, if the login page is at `auth.piedpiper.com`, then the following are valid Relying Party Ids:

     * `auth.piedpiper.com` - matches the effective domain
     * `piedpiper.com` - a registrable suffix of the effective domain

    But the following values are _not_ valid:

     * `m.auth.piedpiper.com` - a subdomain of the effective domain
     * `com` - this is a suffix of the effective domain but not registrable

    It is important that this is configured according to the URL that a user would see in their browser while on the FusionAuth login page. See the [WebAuthn Admin Guide](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/webauthn) for more details on how to select the appropriate value.

    Leaving this value empty will cause the [WebAuthn JavaScript API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Authentication_API) to use the browser's current request origin.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Relying party name" optional>
    The Relying Party name for WebAuthn ceremonies. This value may be displayed to the user by the browser or OS during WebAuthn registration and authentication ceremonies.

    If this value is left blank, the <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> value will be used.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Debug enabled" optional>
    Enable debug to create an event log to assist you in debugging integration errors.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

![Tenant Configuration - WebAuthn Bootstrap settings](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenant-configuration-webauthn-bootstrap-settings.png)

#### Bootstrap settings

The settings in this section affect the availability and behavior of the WebAuthn bootstrap workflow. The bootstrap workflow is used when the user must "bootstrap" the authentication process by identifying themselves prior to the WebAuthn ceremony and can be used to authenticate from a new device using WebAuthn.

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Enabled" optional>
    When enabled, the WebAuthn bootstrap workflow can be used to authenticate users via WebAuthn from new or repeat devices.

    The availability of the bootstrap workflow can be overridden at the application level on the [WebAuthn Tab of the Application settings](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications#webauthn).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Authenticator attachment" optional>
    The authenticator attachment preference for the bootstrap workflow on this tenant. This value controls the attachment requirement for authenticators during the bootstrap workflow registration ceremony. Authenticators that do not meet the requirement are not considered during passkey registration. The possible values are:

     * `Any` - any authenticator attachment is allowed
     * `Platform only` - only authenticators integrated with the client device are allowed
     * `Cross-platform only` - only authenticators that are usable across multiple client devices are allowed

    The recommended value for the bootstrap workflow is `Any` when the option is available.

<EnterprisePlanBlurbApi feature="WebAuthn cross-platform authenticators" />
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="User verification" optional>
    The user verification requirement for the bootstrap workflow on this tenant. This value controls whether user verification is required for registration and authentication ceremonies during the bootstrap workflow. Authenticators that do not meet the requirement are not considered during passkey registration or authentication. The possible values are:

     * `Required` - user verification is required to complete the WebAuthn ceremony
     * `Preferred` - the Relying Party prefers user verification is provided but will not fail the WebAuthn ceremony without it
     * `Discouraged` - the Relying Party does not want user verification for the WebAuthn ceremony

    Because the bootstrap workflow is used to authenticate a user, it is _highly_ recommended to set this value to `Required`.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

![Tenant Configuration - WebAuthn Re-authentication settings](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenant-configuration-webauthn-reauthentication-settings.png)

#### Re-authentication settings

The settings in this section affect the availability and behavior of the WebAuthn re-authentication workflow. The re-authentication workflow is meant to provide a streamlined user experience when logging in from a frequently used device.

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Enabled" optional>
    When enabled, the WebAuthn re-authentication workflow can be used to streamline the login experience when authenticating from a previously used device.

    The availability of the re-authentication workflow can be overridden at the application level on the [WebAuthn Tab of the Application settings](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications#webauthn).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Authenticator attachment" optional>
    The authenticator attachment preference for the re-authentication workflow on this tenant. This value controls the attachment requirement for authenticators during the re-authentication workflow registration ceremony. Authenticators that do not meet the requirement are not considered during passkey registration. The possible values are:

     * `Any` - any authenticator attachment is allowed
     * `Platform only` - only authenticators integrated with the client device are allowed
     * `Cross-platform only` - only authenticators that are usable across multiple client devices are allowed

    The recommended value for the re-authentication workflow is `Platform only` to ensure the user has access to that authenticator when logging from the device in the future.

<EnterprisePlanBlurbApi feature="WebAuthn cross-platform authenticators" />
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="User verification" optional>
    The user verification requirement for the re-authentication workflow on this tenant. This value controls whether user verification is required for registration and authentication ceremonies during the re-authentication workflow. Authenticators that do not meet the requirement are not considered during passkey registration or authentication. The possible values are:

     * `Required` - user verification is required to complete the WebAuthn ceremony
     * `Preferred` - the Relying Party prefers user verification is provided but will not fail the WebAuthn ceremony without it
     * `Discouraged` - the Relying Party does not want user verification for the WebAuthn ceremony

    Because the re-authentication workflow is used to authenticate a user, it is _highly_ recommended to set this value to `Required`.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


### OAuth
![Tenant Configuration - OAuth](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenant-configuration-oauth.png)

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Session timeout" optional>
    The length of time an SSO session can be inactive before it is closed.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Logout URL" optional>
    The URL the user is redirected to upon logout.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Client credentials populate lambda" optional since="1.28.0">
    The lambda that will be called to populate the JWT during a client credentials grant.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Allow access token bootstrap" since="1.56.0">
    When enabled, an SSO session can be created after login by providing an access token as a bearer token in a request to the OAuth2 Authorize endpoint.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


### JWT
![Tenant Configuration - JWT](/img/docs/tenant-configuration-jwt.png)

#### JSON Web Token settings

<TenantJsonWebTokenSettings />

#### Refresh Token settings

<RefreshTokenSettings page="tenant" />

### Password
![Tenant Configuration - JWT](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenant-configuration-password-failed-authentication-settings.png)

#### Failed authentication settings

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="User action" optional>
    The user action must be 'time-based' and must have 'prevent login' enabled. This actions is applied after multiple failed login attempts.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Failed attempts" required>
    The number of failed attempts allowed during the specified time period before the selected action is applied.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Time period" required>
    The window of time in seconds for which the failed authentication attempts are counted. If no further failed attempts occur the failure count will be reset after this time period starting at the time of the last failed login.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Action duration" required>
    The length of time the selected action is applied to the user before the action expires at which point the user will be allowed to attempt log in again.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Time unit" optional>
    The time unit the <InlineField>Action duration</InlineField> is measured in.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Cancel action on password reset" since="1.42.0">
    Indicates whether you want the user to be able to self-service unlock their account prior to the action duration by completing a password reset workflow.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Email user" since="1.42.0">
    Indicates you would like to email the user when the user's account is locked due to this action being taken. This requires the User Action specified by the <InlineField>User action</InlineField> to also be configured for email. If the User Action is not configured to be able to email the user, this configuration will be ignored.

    The email template configuration will be in the User Action.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

![Tenant Configuration - JWT](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenant-configuration-password-breach-detection-settings.png)

#### Breach detection settings

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Enabled" optional>
    When enabled, users' login Id and password will be checked against public breached password databases on user creation, password change, and (optionally) on login.  Purchase of a FusionAuth plan is required to enable this feature.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Match mode" optional>
    The login Id and password match constraints to qualify as a breach match.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="On login" optional>
    The action to perform during login for breach detection.  Performing breach detection during login may increase the time it takes to complete authentication.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


![Tenant Configuration - JWT](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenant-configuration-password-validation-settings.png)

#### Password settings

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Password enabled" optional defaults="enabled" since="1.59.0">
    When enabled, users will be required to set a password during registration and can later change it. When disabled, applications must be configured to allow passwordless login or have an IdP configured to allow login.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Minimum length" required>
    The minimum length a password may be to qualify as a valid password.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Maximum length" required>
    The maximum length a password may be to qualify as a valid password.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Uppercase & lowercase" optional>
    When enabled, force the user to use at least one uppercase and one lowercase character.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Special character" optional>
    When enabled, force the user to use at least one non-alphanumeric character.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Number" optional>
    When enabled, force the user to use at least one number.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Minimum age (toggle)" optional>
    When enabled, users must wait a configurable duration before changing their password after the previous change.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Minimum age (value)" required>
    The minimum age (in seconds) users must wait before changing their password after the previous change.

    Required when the <InlineField>Minimum age</InlineField> toggle is enabled.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Expiration (toggle)" optional>
    When enabled, user passwords will expire after a configurable duration, at which point the user will be forced to change their password on login.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Expiration (value)" required>
    The duration (in days) the password expire after since the previous change.

    Required when the <InlineField>Expiration</InlineField> toggle is enabled.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Reject passwords containing user login Id" optional since="1.63.0">
    When enabled, prevent users from including their login Id in their password.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Reject previous passwords" optional>
    When enabled, prevent users from using a configurable number of their previous passwords.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Number of passwords" required>
    The number of previous password to retain, to prevent users from password reuse.

    Required when the <InlineField>Reject previous passwords</InlineField> toggle is enabled.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Re-validate on login" optional>
    When enabled the user's password will be validated during login. If the password does not meet the currently configured validation rules the user will be required to change their password.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


![Tenant Configuration - JWT](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenant-configuration-password-cryptographic-hash-settings.png)

#### Cryptographic hash settings

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Scheme" optional>
    The password hashing scheme used when creating new users and when changing a password. View [hashing algorithms that ship with FusionAuth](/docs/reference/password-hashes) or [learn how to create your own hashing algorithm](/docs/extend/code/password-hashes/custom-password-hashing).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Factor" required>
    A non-zero number that provides an iteration count to the hashing scheme. A higher number will make the password hash more difficult to reverse engineer but will take more CPU time during login. Be careful as a high factor may cause logins to become very slow.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Re-hash on login" optional>
    When enabled the user's password hash will be modified if it does not match the configured values during next login.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


### Webhooks
![Tenant Configuration - Webhooks](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenant-configuration-webhooks-settings.png)

#### Webhooks

Enable the webhooks you wish to receive events from this tenant. All webhooks will be shown, but if the webhook is a `global` webhook then you will not be able to unselect it here. That must be done in the [Tenants Tab of the Webhook Settings](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/#tenants).

#### Event Settings

<TenantWebhooksTable />

### SCIM

<EnterprisePlanBlurb />

![Tenant Configuration - SCIM](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenant-configuration-scim-settings.png)

Read more about setting up and using SCIM in the [full SCIM documentation](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/scim).

The SCIM server configuration to enable incoming SCIM client provisioning requests.

#### SCIM server settings

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Enabled" optional>
    When enabled, FusionAuth will act as a SCIM server and the SCIM API endpoints will be functional.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Client entity type" required>
    The Entity Type defined for the SCIM client. If there are no Entity Types available in the list then navigate to Entity > Types and create a new one using the template button for SCIM client.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Server entity type" required>
    The Entity Type defined for the SCIM server. If there are no Entity Types available in the list then navigate to Entity > Types and create a new one using the template button for SCIM server.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="User request lambda" required>
    The lambda that will be invoked on every incoming request to the SCIM User API endpoints. This maps the incoming SCIM User JSON to the User object.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="User response lambda" required>
    The lambda that will be invoked on every outgoing response from the SCIM User API endpoints. This maps the outgoing User object to the JSON for a SCIM User.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Enterprise User request lambda" required>
    The lambda that will be invoked on every incoming request to the SCIM Enterprise User API endpoints. This maps the incoming SCIM Enterprise User JSON to the User object.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Enterprise User response lambda" required>
    The lambda that will be invoked on every outgoing response from the SCIM Enterprise User API endpoints. This maps the outgoing User object to the JSON for a SCIM Enterprise User.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Group request lambda" required>
    The lambda that will be invoked on every incoming request to the SCIM Group API endpoints. This maps the incoming SCIM Group JSON to the Group object.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Group response lambda" required>
    The lambda that will be invoked on every outgoing response from the SCIM Group API endpoints. This maps the outgoing Group object to the JSON for a SCIM Group.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Schemas" optional>
    The JSON response sent from the Schemas endpoint. This can be customized however you like, but by default the response body will contain the JSON for the core SCIM [schemas](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7643#section-8.7.1) for SCIM Group, SCIM User, and SCIM EnterpriseUser.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Security

![Tenant Configuration - Security: ACL and CAPTCHA](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenant-configuration-security-acl-catpcha.png)

#### Login API settings

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Require an API key" optional>
    This indicates how to authenticate the Login API when an `applicationId` is not provided.

    When an `applicationId` is provided, the application configuration will take precedence. In almost all cases you will want to leave this enabled to require the use of an API key.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Login validation lambda" optional since="1.53.0">
    The lambda assigned to perform extended validation during login requests.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Access control lists settings

<EnterprisePlanBlurb />

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Access control list" optional>
    The IP access control list that will be used to restrict or allow access to hosted login pages in FusionAuth. For example, it may be configured to only allow specific IP addresses to access authentication pages (login, forgot password, etc) for all applications on that tenant.

    When <InlineField>Access control list</InlineField> is configured on an application within the tenant, the application value will override the tenant value for that application.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### CAPTCHA settings

<EnterprisePlanBlurb />

CAPTCHA is supported on multiple theme templates, when enabled. You can further control display on a template by template basis with the [specific theme template variables](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/advanced-themes/template-variables).

See [invisible reCAPTCHA](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/advanced-themes/helpers#invisible-recaptcha) for information on enabling an invisible reCAPTCHA badge on the page.

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Enabled" optional>
    When enabled, CAPTCHA is used to help increase security of a form submission on the FusionAuth themed pages.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Method" required>
    The type of CAPTCHA to use. FusionAuth supports `Google reCAPTCHA v2`, `Google reCAPTCHA v3`, `hCaptcha`, and `hCaptcha Enterprise`.

    Required when `enabled` is set to `true`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Secret key" required>
    The secret key for this CAPTCHA service.

    Required when `enabled` is set to `true`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Site key" required>
    The site key for this CAPTCHA service.

    Required when `enabled` is set to `true`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Threat score threshold" optional>
    The threat score threshold for this CAPTCHA service if required. If it is not used by this CAPTCHA service then the value will be ignored.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

![Tenant Configuration - Security: Blocked domains and rate limiting](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenant-configuration-security-domains-rate-limiting.png)

#### Blocked domain settings

<EnterprisePlanBlurb />

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Blocked domains" optional>
    One or more newline separated email domains for which self service registration will be prohibited. For example, enter your company email domain (`piedpiper.com`) to prevent employees from using the self-service registration form, or to prevent end users from attempting to create an account using a company email address.

    This configuration is applied to all registration API requests and self-service registration pages for all applications in this tenant.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Rate limit settings

<EnterprisePlanBlurb />

The Rate limit settings allow you to set a number of times an action can be attempted within a specific time frame. When the limit is exceeded, that action is unavailable until the configured time frame elapses without a failed attempt. The settings are evaluated and enforced per user.

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Action">
    The action to be rate limited.

    *Note:* For the `Failed login` action, rate limiting can be used in combination with [Failed authentication settings](#failed-authentication-settings). When enabled, and rate limiting conditions have been exceeded, login requests will be denied and bypass the login flow until conditions are no longer exceeded. <InlineField>Failed attempts</InlineField> will only be incremented when requests are not being rate limited.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Enabled">
    When enabled, the corresponding action will be rate limited when the <InlineField>limit</InlineField> value has been exceeded within the specified <InlineField>time period</InlineField>.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Limit">
    The number of allowed attempts within the <InlineField>time period</InlineField> before an action will be rate limited. When an action is rate limited, it will not succeed.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Time period">
    The window of time that the <InlineField>limit</InlineField> is evaluated against when determining if an action should be rate limited.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


### Advanced

![Tenant Configuration - External Identifier Durations](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenant-configuration-extId-durations.png)

#### External identifier durations Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Authorization Code" required>
    The number of seconds before the OAuth2 Authorization Code is no longer valid to be used to complete a Token request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Change Password" required>
    The number of seconds before the Change Password identifier is no longer valid to complete the Change Password request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Device Grant Codes" required>
    The number of seconds before the `device_code` and `user_code` are no longer valid to be used to complete the Device Code grant.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Email Verification" required>
    The number of seconds before the Email Verification identifier is no longer valid to complete the Email Verification request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="External Authentication" required>
    The number of seconds before the External Authentication identifier is no longer valid to complete the Authentication request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Login timeout" required>
    The number of seconds before the Login Timeout identifier is no longer valid to complete post-authentication steps in the OAuth workflow.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="One Time Password" required>
    The number of seconds before the One Time Password identifier is no longer valid to complete a Login request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Passwordless Login" required>
    The number of seconds before the Passwordless Login identifier is no longer valid to complete a Login request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Pending account link" required>
    The number of seconds before the Pending account link is no longer valid to complete an account link request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Phone verification" required>
    The number of seconds before the Phone Verification identifier is no longer valid to complete the Phone Verification request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Registration Verification" required>
    The number of seconds before the Registration Verification identifier is no longer valid to complete the Registration Verification request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Remember scope consent choice" required>
    The number of seconds before a remembered consent choice, used to bypass the OAuth scope consent prompt, expires.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="SAMLv2 AuthN request" required>
    The number of seconds before the SAMLv2 AuthN request is no longer valid to complete the SAMLv2 login request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Setup Password" required>
    The number of seconds before the Setup Password identifier is no longer valid to complete the Change Password request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Two Factor Login" required>
    The number of seconds before the Two Factor identifier is no longer valid to complete a Two Factor login request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Two Factor one-time code" required>
    The number of seconds before the Two Factor one-time code used to enable or disable a two-factor method is no longer valid.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Two Factor Trust" required>
    The number of seconds before the Two Factor Trust is no longer valid and the user will be prompted for Two Factor during login.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="WebAuthn authentication" required>
    The number of seconds before the WebAuthn authentication challenge is no longer valid and the user will need to restart the authentication workflow.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="WebAuthn registration" required>
    The number of seconds before the WebAuthn registration challenge is no longer valid and the user will need to restart the credential registration workflow.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


![Tenant Configuration - External Identifier Generation](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenant-configuration-extId-generation.png)

#### External identifier generation Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Change Password" required>
    The length and type of characters of the generated code used in the Change Password flow.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Email Verification" required>
    The length and type of characters of the generated code used in the Email Verification flow.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Email Verification one-time code" required>
    The length and type of characters of the generated code used for Email Verification one-time codes.

    The one-time code for email verification is only used with email verification gating and when using a form field configuration instead of the clickable link.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Passwordless Login" required>
    The length and type of characters of the generated code used in the Passwordless Login flow.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Passwordless Login one-time code" required since="1.59.0">
    The length and type of characters used for the generated codes in the Passwordless Login flow.

    The one-time code for passwordless logins is only used when sending SMS messages to phone numbers, or when using an explicit `loginStrategy` value of `FormField` on the [Start Passwordless Login API](/docs/apis/passwordless#start-passwordless-login).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Phone verification" required>
    The length and type of characters of the generated code used in the Phone Verification flow.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Phone verification one-time code" required>
    The length and type of characters of the generated code used for Phone Verification one-time codes.

    The one-time code for phone verification is only used with phone verification gating and when using a form field configuration instead of the clickable link.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Registration Verification" required>
    The length and type of characters of the generated code used in the Registration Verification flow.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Registration Verification one-time code" required>
    The length and type of characters of the generated code used for Registration Verification one-time codes.

    The one-time code for registration verification is only used with registration verification gating and when using a form field configuration instead of the clickable link.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Setup Password" required>
    The length and type of characters of the generated code used in the Setup Password flow.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Device grant user code" required>
    The length and type of characters of the generated user code used in the Device Authorization Grant flow.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Two-Factor one-time code" required>
    The length and type of characters of the generated code used for Two-Factor one-time codes.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


#### SMTP Settings Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Additional properties" optional>
    Custom SMTP configuration properties. This field can contain any Java mail property. Any value here will override the default values FusionAuth sets.

    <DefaultSMTPConfigurationProperties />
    Here's example syntax for overriding these properties, in this case setting both timeout defaults to 5 seconds.
```
mail.smtp.timeout=5000
mail.smtp.connectiontimeout=5000
```
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

# Types

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';

This overview summarizes all the FusionAuth types and how they relate. To avoid confusion with FusionAuth Applications, this guide refers to the service you provide your users as your "website", rather than an application, app, or service.

The first set of FusionAuth types are **Tenants**, **Applications**, **Groups**, **Roles**, and **Users**. These types manage users logging in to an application. (Applications are sometimes called clients in other systems.)

The second set of types are **Entity Types**, **Entities**, **Permissions**, and **Entity Grants**. These types were added to FusionAuth in 2021, after the original set of types in the previous paragraph. These types are used for machine-to-machine authentication, and provide a case-specific way to model things (entities), rather than organizations. 

### Applications And Users

A tenant in FusionAuth is a completely isolated environment, with its own set of users, applications, and configurations, independent of other tenants, even if they share the same FusionAuth instance.

An application represents an organization, website, or service that a person (a user) logs in to. A user is associated with an application through a registration, and can be registered with many applications, or none. A user has personal data, an email address, and a variable quantity of custom data stored in JSON. 

Applications have roles. A role is just a string. A registration can assign multiple roles to a user for an application. Your website can use a user's role in any way, such as authorizing a user to perform specific actions or choosing to ignore roles entirely.

A group is a collection of users. A user can belong to multiple groups, so you can think of a group as a tag that can be applied to a user. A group can have many roles in many applications. If a user belongs to a group and is also registered with an application, they will automatically be granted any roles the group has in the application.

Consider the example of a bank website with clients and employees. The bank website is an application in FusionAuth. The application has two roles, client and employee. Clients and employees are users, and each has a single registration in the bank application. Each registration gives a user the role of client, employee, or both.

In this scenario, you could make groups called "client" and "employee", each assigned the corresponding roles in the application. Users could be added to either or both groups on registration with the application and roles would not need to be assigned manually. This approach would be useful if an application has many roles. 

You could also use groups to tag users with certain attributes, such as VIP users.

<Aside type="caution">
Digital security usually involves three types: users, roles, and permissions. A user can have many roles, and roles can have many permissions. The advantages of not granting users permissions directly are:
- You can add (or remove) permissions to a role and they automatically apply to every user in that role. You don't have to add a permission to many users individually.
- A user can have multiple roles, each with its own permissions, and automatically inherits the combined permissions from all their assigned roles. You don't have to evaluate each user individually or define the exact combination of permissions they require.
- Your website can rely on permissions to determine whether a user has rights to do something, without needing to map users through roles to permissions.

Although FusionAuth does not currently support permissions, there is a GitHub feature request for this functionality. You can vote for it [here](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/15).

In the meantime, there are two workarounds you can implement:

- Treat roles as permissions. In other words, instead of the "employee" role, make roles called "can edit clients", "can adjust salaries", and so on. When a user logs in with FusionAuth, your website will receive a list of exactly which "permissions" (roles) the user has. The trade-off of this approach is that the advantages of working with roles described above are lost.
- Manage permissions in your website code. Keep the user and role associations in FusionAuth, but link roles to permissions in your website database, not in FusionAuth. When a user logs in with FusionAuth, your website queries the database to retrieve all permissions associated with their roles and applies them to the user. This treats FusionAuth more as an authentication system than an authorization system.
</Aside>

### Entities And Permissions

An entity in FusionAuth is just a name, and can represent anything — a company, document, or refrigerator. The only functional aspect to an entity is that it can be used for machine-to-machine authentication with the client credentials OAuth flow. In this case, an entity usually represents a service. Entities are only available with a paid FusionAuth license.

An entity has an entity type. The type of an entity cannot be changed once an entity is created. An entity type can have many permissions, which are also just strings.

Both users and entities can be linked to entities by entity grants. An entity grant lists which permissions of an entity the linked user or entity has access to.

For example, you could make an entity type called "Company", with entities like "Changebank" and "ChangeInsurance". The "Changebank" entity could have permissions like "ReadAccess" and "WriteAccess". An entity grant could link "ChangeInsurance" to "Changebank" and grant it "ReadAccess" permission. Similarly, an employee who is a user (as described in the previous section) could also have an entity grant providing "ReadAccess" to the "Changebank" entity.

As with roles, permissions in FusionAuth have no functional meaning. They are merely strings passed to your website when a user logs in, and your website can use them in any way.

### A Diagram Of All FusionAuth Types

The diagram below illustrates the relationships between FusionAuth types as described in the previous sections, pairing each type name with its corresponding example object. Read the diagram from bottom to top to see who is a member of what, or who has what attributes.

Note that entities and applications cannot be related, even if they represent the same physical company. Only users can have entity grants to entities.

![Types diagram](/img/docs/extend/examples/modeling-hierarchy/hierarchy-update-diagram-2.png)

To reduce clutter, this diagram includes only two permission blocks. However, this simplification isn't quite accurate, as in FusionAuth, each entity grant would point to a separate permission — objects don't share permissions.

# Users

import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import LoginEvents from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_login_events.mdx';
import DataFieldDataTypeChanges from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_data-field-data-type-changes.mdx';
import CrossTenantUserAccess from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_cross-tenant-access.mdx';
import UserSegmentTable from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_user-segment-table.mdx';
import Icon from 'src/components/icon/Icon.astro';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

FusionAuth is all about users, and it is helpful to fully understand how FusionAuth understands users to fully leverage all of the features FusionAuth offers.

The user itself is easy enough to understand; it represents your end user, your employee, or your client.

Here's a brief video covering some aspects of users:

<YouTube id="Dcdp-dGFwpI" />

## Core Concepts Relationships

Below is a visual reminder of the relationships between FusionAuth's primary core concepts.

![Diagram showing Users used within FusionAuth.](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/core-concepts-relationships-users.png)

## Admin UI

This page describes the admin UI for creating and managing users.

{/*  These are not capitalized because we are matching the exact names for the tabs in the admin UI. */}

### List of Users

To display a list of users, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb>.

![List of Users](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/user-list.png)

Using the icons on this screen, you can:

* <Icon name="address-card" /> Manage the user's profile
* <Icon name="unlock-button"/> Lock the user
* <Icon name="lock-button" /> Unlock the user

If you have user selected, you can also:

* <Icon name="plus-circle" /> Add the users to a group
* <Icon name="minus-circle" /> Remove the users from a group

You can search for users using the search field. Learn more about [User Search](#user-search).

### Add a User

To add a new user, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb>.

#### Form Fields

These are the default fields that are available when creating a user. You can add additional fields by creating custom forms and fields. See the [Editing User Data In the admin UI](/docs/lifecycle/register-users/advanced-registration-forms#editing-user-data-in-the-admin-ui) documentation for more information.

<Aside>
  The password-related fields are only available if the following are configured for the tenant:
  * A [Setup password](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenants#template-settings) template has been set on the user's tenant
  * [Password enabled](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenants#password) has been set to `true`
</Aside>


<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Tenant" required>
    The tenant to which this user belongs. This field is only displayed once multiple tenants exist in FusionAuth. When only a single tenant exists, the user will always be created in the default tenant.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Skip verification" optional>
    If this is checked, FusionAuth will not send a message asking the user to verify their email address or phone number. This is only available if [Email verification](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenants#identities) or [Phone verification](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenants#identities) in the tenant is set up.

    <Aside>
      If both an email address and phone number are supplied and <InlineField>Skip verification</InlineField> is checked, then verification will be skipped for both the email address and the phone number.
    </Aside>
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Email" optional>
    The email address of the user. This is a required field if <InlineField>Send password setup to</InlineField> is set to `Email`. It must be unique across all users in the tenant.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Phone number" optional>
    The phone number of the user. This is a required field if <InlineField>Send password setup to</InlineField> is set to `Phone`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Username" optional>
    The username of the user. The username is stored and returned as a case-sensitive value, however, a username is considered unique regardless of the case. This is a required field if no <InlineField>Email</InlineField> or <InlineField>Phone number</InlineField> is provided.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Send password setup to" optional>
    If this is set to `Email` or `Phone`, FusionAuth will send an email or SMS message asking the user to set their password. This email or message can also be used for identity verification. If the following are all true, then only the setup password message will be sent to the user:
    * Verification is enabled on the tenant (for email address or phone number)
    * <InlineField>Skip verification</InlineField> is not checked
    * Implicit verification is enabled on the tenant
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Password" required>
    The password of the user.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Confirm password" required>
    Password confirmation field. You must enter the same value in both <InlineField>Password</InlineField> and <InlineField>Confirm password</InlineField>.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

##### Options

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Birthdate" optional>
    The birthdate of the user.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="First name" optional>
    The first name of the user.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Middle name" optional>
    The middle name of the user.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Last name" optional>
    The last name of the user.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Full name" optional>
    The full name of the user as a separate field that is not calculated from <InlineField>firstName</InlineField> and <InlineField>lastName</InlineField>.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Languages" optional>
    The preferred languages of the user. These are important for email templates and other localizable text. See [Locales](/docs/reference/data-types#locales) for the list and [Localization and Internationalization](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/localization-and-internationalization) for more on how they are used.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Timezone" optional>
    The preferred timezone of the user.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Image URL" optional>
    The URL that points to an image file that is the user’s profile image.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Edit a User

To edit a user, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb> and click the <InlineUIElement>Manage</InlineUIElement> button next to the user you wish to edit.

In the top right corner of the page, you will see a dropdown menu with the following options:

* <InlineUIElement>Edit user</InlineUIElement> Edit the user's profile information.
* <InlineUIElement>Add a comment</InlineUIElement> Add a comment to the user's profile. This will be visible in the user's [History](#history).
* <InlineUIElement>Action User</InlineUIElement> Perform a user action on the user. See [Current actions](#current-actions) for more information.
* <InlineUIElement>Delete user</InlineUIElement> Delete the user. You will have to confirm this action, because it is permanent and cannot be undone.
* <InlineUIElement>Lock account</InlineUIElement> Lock the user's account. Only available if the user is not already locked.
* <InlineUIElement>Unlock account</InlineUIElement> Unlock the user's account. Only available if the user is locked.
* <InlineUIElement>Send password reset</InlineUIElement> Send a password reset message to the user. Only available if the user has an email address or phone number.
* <InlineUIElement>Require password change</InlineUIElement> The user will be required to change their password the next time they log in.

![User edit dropdown in the administrative user interface.](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/user-dropdown.png)

Additionally, a lock icon is displayed in the top right corner of the profile. If the user is unlocked, the icon will be green. If the user is locked, the icon and the top border of the profile will be red. Clicking on the icon will lock or unlock the user.

![Locked user in the administrative user interface.](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/user-locked.png)

### Registrations

Applications in FusionAuth represent something you can log in to.
They are tenant scoped.
You associate a user with an application via a registration.
You may also optionally associate one or more roles with each user's registration.

An example use case is a single company, where you have a forum, a todo application, and an accounting application.
If you have three users, Richard, Monica, and Jared, you can grant Richard access to all three applications, Monica access to the forum and todo applications, and Jared access to the accounting application.

Prohibit a user from logging into an application for which they are not registered by checking the claims in the token or enabling the <InlineField>Require registration</InlineField> setting for the application.

Applications also may have associated identity providers, such as Google or OIDC providers.
When so configured, a user may log in to an application with the identity provider.

Every user object contains an array of application registrations.
You can search for all users with a given registration.

Learn more about [Applications](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications).

![User registrations in the administrative user interface.](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/user-registrations.png)

#### Table Columns

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Application" required>
    The application to which this registration belongs.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Username" optional>
    The username of the user for this application. This username cannot be used to log in. It is for display purposes only.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Roles" optional>
    The roles assigned to the user on the application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Created">
    The date and time this registration was created.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Last updated">
    The date and time this registration was last updated.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Last login">
    The date and time that the user last logged into the application for this registration.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Action">
    The action to take on this registration.
    The available actions are:
    * <Icon name="edit" /> Edit the registration
    * <Icon name="fa-search" /> View the registration
    * <Icon name="trash" /> Delete the registration
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Multi-Factor

The multi-factor tab allows you to view and remove the multi-factor authentication settings for a user.

Learn more about [Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/multi-factor-authentication).

![User multi-factor screen in the administrative user interface.](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/user-mfa.png)

#### Table Columns

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Method" required>
    The method of multi-factor authentication:
    * Authenticator App
    * Email
    * SMS
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Transport" optional>
    The receiver address used for the multi-factor authentication method. This address does not have to be the same as the <InlineField>Email</InlineField> or <InlineField>Mobile phone</InlineField> of the user. The value depends on the <InlineField>Method</InlineField>:
    * Email address
    * Phone number
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Identifier">
    The Id of the multi-factor authentication method.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Last used">
    Indicates which multi-factor authentication method was last used.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Action">
    You can disable multi-factor authentication for a user by clicking the <Icon name="trash" /> button.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Passkeys

The passkeys tab allows you to manage the registered passkeys for a user.

Learn more about [WebAuthn and passkeys](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/webauthn-passkeys).

![User passkeys screen in the administrative user interface.](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/user-passkeys.png)

#### Table Columns

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Display name" required>
    The display name for the passkey selected during registration. The user should have selected this value.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Name" required>
    A unique name meant to disambiguate passkeys with the same <InlineField>Display name</InlineField>.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Id" required>
    The unique Id of the passkey.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Created">
    The date and time when the passkey was created.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Last used">
    The date and time when the passkey was last used.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Action">
    You can view and delete a passkey by clicking the <Icon name="fa-search" /> or <Icon name="trash" /> buttons.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Families

The families tab allows you to view the families to which a user belongs.

A family is a collection of users that are related to each other. For example, a family may consist of a parent and their children.

![User families screen in the administrative user interface.](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/user-families.png)

#### Table Columns

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Name" required>
    The avatar and name of the user in the family.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Role" optional>
    The roles assigned to the user on the family. Possible values are:
    * Adult
    * Child
    * Teen
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Age" required>
    The age of the user. This is calculated from the <InlineField>Birthdate</InlineField>.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Family">
    The family Id to which this relationship belongs.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Added on">
    The date and time when the user was added to the family.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Action">
    You can navigate to the user's profile by clicking the <icon name="address-card" /> button.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Linked accounts

The linked accounts tab allows you to manage the Identity Provider accounts which have been linked for this user.

Learn more about [Identity Providers](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/identity-providers) and  [Identity Provider links](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/#linking-strategies).

![User identity providers screen in the administrative user interface.](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/user-identity-providers.png)

#### Table Columns

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Display name" required>
    The display name of the linked account.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Identity Provider" required>
    The identity provider to which this linked account belongs.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Created">
    The date and time this linked account was created.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Last login">
    The date and time this linked account was last used to log in.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Action">
    You can view and delete a linked account by clicking the <Icon name="fa-search"/> or <Icon name="trash"/> buttons.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Groups

The groups tab allows you to manage the groups for a user.

Groups are a way to group users in FusionAuth.
They are tenant scoped.
They may have application roles associated with them.
Users with a registration for an application as well as a group membership will assume those roles upon login.

Group membership is boolean in nature.
A user is either in a group or out of a group.

An example use case is a forum moderators group.
The forum application can get the group memberships of any user.
If the user is a member of the moderators group, the application can provide a 'flag' button on the forum software.

Every user object contains an array of group memberships.
You can search for all users with a given group membership.

To get the group names of memberships for a user, you must use FusionAuth's proprietary APIs.
Group names are not included in the user object.

Learn more about [Groups](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/groups).

![User groups screen in the administrative user interface.](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/user-groups.png)

#### Table Columns

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Group" required>
    The group to which the user belongs.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Member Id" optional>
    The unique Id of this group member. This is not the user Id, but a unique Id for the membership.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Created" required>
    The date and time this membership was created.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Action">
    You can view and delete a group membership by clicking the <Icon name="fa-search"/> or <Icon name="trash" /> buttons.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Entity grants

The entity grants tab allows you to manage the entity grants for a user.

Entities and grants allow you to model fine-grained permissions in a flexible manner.
Entities are things, while grants are expressions of permissions granted to a user or thing to another thing.
Entities have configurable permissions.
Entities are a good fit when you have users that may need access to different assets which can't be easily modeled as applications.

An example use case which could be modeled using entities is GitHub organizations.
A user can belong to zero or more GitHub organizations and have different access levels in each one.
But a user logs in to GitHub, not to a GitHub organization.
Additionally, permissions will vary between organizations.
A user may be an admin in one GitHub organization and have read-only access in another one.
To implement this, you'd represent each GitHub organization as an entity in FusionAuth, and grant users permissions to each organization of which they are a member.

It is very common to have an interstitial page when using entities.
(This page is custom-built and is not provided by FusionAuth.)
The user logs in to an application, and is then presented with a list of entities to which they've been granted permissions.
The user selects an entity and then acts within the confines of that entity.

You can search for all users granted access to a given entity.
You can search for all entities for which a user has a grant.

To search for grants on a user, you must use FusionAuth's proprietary APIs.
Additionally, since entities cannot be 'logged into', they don't have any relationship with external identity providers.

Learn more about [Entities and Grants](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/entity-management).

![User entity grants screen in the administrative user interface.](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/user-entity-grants.png)

#### Table Columns

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Id" required>
    The Id of the grant.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Name" required>
    The name of the entity.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Type" required>
    The type of the entity.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Entity Id" required>
    The Id of the target entity.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Permissions" required>
    The set of permissions of this grant.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Created">
    The date and time the grant was created.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Action">
    You can edit and delete a grant by clicking the <Icon name="edit" /> or <Icon name="trash" /> buttons.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Entities Compared to Applications

Entities, grants, and permissions are analogous to applications, registrations, and roles, but you can't log into an entity.

Entities may also be useful if you have two or more applications in FusionAuth, but you want to group access in an orthogonal way while still allowing users to assume different roles.

Suppose you have a point of sales application and a scheduling application for your retail chain.
You have ten stores.
You want to allow employees to log in to each of these applications, but you want to limit them to access only stores where they are currently working.
But if they move between stores to cover for a shift or because of a transfer, you want to handle that use case as well.
This means you can't use tenants to model stores.

You could model the point of sales and scheduling applications as applications.
Each store would be an entity, and after the user has logged into an application, you'd show them the stores to which they'd have access.

You could also provide different roles in different stores.
The scheduling software could know that Richard would have access to the scheduling application as a manager for store A, but only as an employee for store B.

If you were to model this using only applications, you'd have to have twenty applications in FusionAuth (two for each store) and keeping those configurations synchronized might be difficult.
And if you added more applications or stores, you'd face a combinatorial explosion of applications.

### Recent logins

The recent logins tab allows you to view the recent logins for a user. This includes when the user logged in, the IP address, and the application.

![User recent logins screen in the administrative user interface.](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/user-recent-logins.png)

#### Table Columns

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Application" required>
    The application the user logged in to. If `-`, the user logged in to the tenant, but not to a specific application. This can occur when no application Id is provided, or if the user is not registered for the application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Time">
    The date and time when the login occurred.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="IP Address" required>
    The recorded IP address for this login record.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Consent

The consent tab allows you to manage the consent for a user.

A FusionAuth consent is a definition of a permission that can be given to a user. At a minimum a consent has a name, and defines the minimum age of self-consent. A consent can then be granted to a user from a family member, or optionally, a user may self-consent if they meet the minimum age defined by the consent.

Learn more about [Family API with Consents](/blog/modeling-family-and-consents).

![User consents screen in the administrative user interface.](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/user-consents.png)

#### Table Columns

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Name" required>
    The name of the consent.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Values" required>
    The values of the consent.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Status" required>
    The status of the consent.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Given on">
    The date and time this consent was given.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Given by" required>
    The Id of the user who gave this consent.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Action">
    You can edit and revoke a consent by clicking the <Icon name="edit" /> or <Icon name="minus-circle-red" /> buttons.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Sessions

Users have sessions in FusionAuth. Sessions are represented by refresh tokens. Their lifetime is controlled by the tenant or application refresh token settings.

These appear in the administrative user interface under the <Breadcrumb>Sessions</Breadcrumb> tab (you may need to scroll if your screen is small):

![User session screen in the administrative user interface.](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/user-session.png)

There are two primary types of sessions/tokens shown in this table:

* Normal refresh tokens.
* SSO token. While technically a refresh token, it is special and fully managed by FusionAuth. You may safely ignore this.

With <InlineUIElement>Delete all sessions</InlineUIElement> button, you can revoke all sessions for a user.
This is useful if you want to force a user to log in again.

[Learn more about sessions and logging out](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/logout-session-management).

#### Table Columns

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Name" required>
    The name of the session.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Type" required>
    The type of the session.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="IP address" required>
    The IP address of the client that initiated this session.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Application" required>
    The application to which this session belongs.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Created">
    The date and time this session was created.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Last Accessed">
    The date and time this session was last accessed.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Expiration" required>
    The date and time this session will expire.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Action">
    You can revoke a session by clicking the <Icon name="trash" /> button.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Current actions

The current actions tab allows you to view user actions that are currently in effect for this user. User actions can be used to flag a user, send emails and webhook notifications when they buy temporary access to a resource, or when they are temporarily locked out of their account.

See [Using FusionAuth User Actions](/blog/using-user-actions) for more information about user Actions.

![User current actions screen in the administrative user interface.](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/user-current-actions.png)

#### Table Columns

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Action" required>
    The action that is currently taken on the user. If a reason was provided, it will be appended to the action name.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Comment" required>
    The comment left by the actioner.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Start" required>
    The date and time this action was started.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Expiration" required>
    The date and time this action will expire.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Actioning user" required>
    The user that is taking the action on the user.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Actioning user id" required>
    The Id of the user that is taking the action on the user.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Action">
    You can modify and cancel an action by clicking the <Icon name="edit"/> or <Icon name="x" /> buttons.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### History

The history tab allows you to view expired user actions. Comments are also displayed here.

![User history screen in the administrative user interface.](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/user-history.png)

#### Table Columns

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Action" required>
    The action that was taken on the user. If a reason was provided, it will be appended to the action name.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Comment" required>
    The comment left by the actioner.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Start" required>
    The date and time this action was started.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Expiration" required>
    The date and time this action expired.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Actioning user" required>
    The user that was taking the action on the user.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Actioning user id" required>
    The Id of the user that was taking the action on the user.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### User data

The user data tab allows you to view the user data for a user.

User data is a key value store that allows you to store arbitrary data about a user. This data is not used by FusionAuth, it is simply stored and returned when the user is retrieved. FusionAuth does not provide a UI for managing user data. It is intended to be used by your application utilizing the API.

![User data screen in the administrative user interface.](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/user-data.png)

### Source

The source tab allows you to view the user account as read-only JSON. This is equivalent to retrieving the user via [the User API](/docs/apis/users). This is useful for debugging and troubleshooting.

![User source screen in the administrative user interface.](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/user-source.png)

## User Scope

A user is scoped to a tenant.

Each FusionAuth tenant is a logical grouping of users, configurations, and applications.
This means a user with the same identifier (email, username, etc.) in two different tenants is a different user.
They can have different passwords, different identity provider links, and different attributes.
You can search for users across tenants using the User Search API.

An example use case is a private label todo SaaS application, where you want a user to sign up for two or more different instances of your SaaS and not know that there is a shared identity store behind them.
For example, richard@piedpiper.com can sign up for the Pied Piper Todo application and the Hooli Todo Application with the same email address, but different passwords, MFA methods, and more.

<CrossTenantUserAccess />

Learn more about [Tenants](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenants).

## What Makes a User Active

FusionAuth includes reporting on the number of daily and monthly active users. What makes a user active during a time period is any of these events:

* A user is created.
* A user logs in.
* The [Login Ping API](/docs/apis/login#update-login-instant) is used.
* A JWT is refreshed using a refresh token.
* A user is registered for an application.
* A user is provisioned via SCIM.
* SSO is used; this calls the login ping.

<Aside type="note">
The following scenarios do NOT count as a monthly active user (MAU):
* Users imported with the [User Import API](/docs/apis/users#import-users)
* Users whose profile data is updated via the [User Update API](/docs/apis/users#update-a-user)
* Identities created using the [Start Identity Verification API](/docs/apis/identity-verify#start-identity-verification), with an <InlineField>existingUserStrategy</InlineField> of `mustNotExist`, that have not been verified and used to create a user
</Aside>

There are many different ways to log in using FusionAuth, but all of the below trigger a login event:

<LoginEvents />

## User Search

<Aside type="version">

As of version 1.16.0, FusionAuth ships with a database search engine as the default.

By selecting the appropriate [installation guide](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/fast-path), one can easily create a configuration with Elasticsearch pre-enabled.

You can read more about the database and other search engines in the [search core concepts section](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search).

</Aside>

User search requests may be made through the [User Search API](/docs/apis/users#search-for-users) or within the FusionAuth admin UI under <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb>.

### Configuration

Please see our [search core concepts section](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search) for additional information on basic configuration. The remainder of this section will cover specifics as it relates to users and search.

### Database Search Engine

This configuration is lightweight, simplifies installation and system complexity, but comes with the tradeoffs of limited search capabilities and performance implications.

The database search engine enables fuzzy search against the following fields of the user:

* `firstName`
* `lastName`
* `fullName`
* `email`
* `phoneNumber` <AvailableSince since="1.59.0" />
* `username`

![User Search with Database Search Engine](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/user-search-database.png)

To learn more about the database search engine in general, view the [search core concepts section](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search).

### Elasticsearch Search Engine

Leveraging Elasticsearch for the user search engine enables advanced search capabilities on more numerous and granular data and a performance improvement for user search.

#### Advanced Search UI

FusionAuth provides an advanced user search interface that reveals how you may construct <InlineField>queryString</InlineField> and <InlineField>query</InlineField> parameters for the [User Search API](/docs/apis/users#search-for-users) and [User Bulk Delete API](/docs/apis/users#bulk-delete-users) with desired results. Navigate to <InlineUIElement>Users</InlineUIElement> from the left navigation and click on the <InlineUIElement>Advanced</InlineUIElement> link below the <InlineField>Search</InlineField> input field to begin. The [<InlineUIElement>Advanced</InlineUIElement>](/docs/apis/users#search-for-users) portion of this UI is available when the search engine type is configured to `elasticsearch`.

We provide selectors for common search fields, as well as a free-form search field for constructing complex search queries. By selecting the <InlineField>Show Elasticsearch query</InlineField> toggle, you will see either the Elasticsearch query string or JSON search query that can be used as <InlineField>queryString</InlineField> and <InlineField>query</InlineField> parameters for the [User Search API](/docs/apis/users#search-for-users) and [User Bulk Delete API](/docs/apis/users#bulk-delete-users).

Additionally, you may enter Elasticsearch query strings or raw JSON queries into the search field for testing purposes.

The following screenshot shows a query string being constructed to search for users that belong to the `Moderators` group and are in the `Default` tenant:

![User Search by Query String](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/user-search-query-string.png)

When searching for users by application or any fields on an application, it is necessary to construct a JSON query due to the way the Elasticsearch mapping is defined.

The screenshot shows an Elasticsearch JSON query for the registered users of the `Pied Piper` application assigned to the `CEO` role that have an email that matches the pattern `*@fusionauth.io`:

![User Search with JSON Query.](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/user-search-json-query.png)

To learn more about the Elasticsearch search engine in general, view the [Elasticsearch search guide](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search/user-search-with-elasticsearch).

<Aside type="version">
  Prior to version 1.48.0 if you attempted to page past 10,000 results in the admin UI you would encounter an error.

  Starting in version 1.48.0 you are able to page past the 10,000 results limit one page at a time.
</Aside>

When there are more than 10,000 results when using the Elasticsearch engine you have the option to navigate past the limit, however you may only do so one page at a time.

![User Search with over 10,000 results first page.](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/user-search-extended-a.png)

Clicking on the <InlineUIElement>Last</InlineUIElement> pagination button will take you to the page with the 10,000th result. You will then have the option to click on the <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement> button to continue paging forward.

![User Search with over 10,000 results paged to 10,000.](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/user-search-extended-b.png)

You may continue to page forward using <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement> until you reach the last of the search results.

![User Search with over 10,000 results paged to end.](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/user-search-extended-c.png)

For more information see [Extended Pagination](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search#extended-pagination)

#### Limitations On Changing Data Field Types

<DataFieldDataTypeChanges />

## Segmenting Users

Often you want to segment or separate your users.
You have options to do so in FusionAuth.
They each have tradeoffs.
Here's a table with the strengths and challenges of each option.

<UserSegmentTable showLinks="true" />

### Tenants

Each FusionAuth tenant is a logical grouping of users, configuration and applications.
Users are tenant scoped.
This means a user with the same identifier (email, username, etc) in two different tenants is a different account.
They can have different passwords, identity provider links and profile attributes.
You can search for users across tenants using the [User Search API](/docs/apis/users#search-for-users).

An example use case is a private label SaaS application for managing todos and tasks. You want a user to sign up for two or more different instances of your SaaS and never know that there is a shared identity store behind them.
For example, richard@piedpiper.com can sign up for the Pied Piper Todo application and the Hooli Todo Application with the same email address, but different passwords, MFA methods and more.

<CrossTenantUserAccess />

Learn more about [Tenants](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenants).

### Applications and Registrations

Applications in FusionAuth are anything a user can log in to: mobile applications, webapps, COTS applications, APIs and desktop applications.
Applications are tenant scoped.
You associate a user with an application using a registration.
You may also optionally associate one or more roles with each user's registration.

An example use case is a single company, where you have a forum, a todo application and an accounting application.
If you have three users, Richard, Monica and Jared, you can grant Richard access to all three applications, Monica access to the forum and todo applications, and Jared access to the accounting application.

Prevent a user from logging into an application for which they are not registered by [checking the claims in the token](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/authentication-authorization) and enabling the <InlineField>Require registration</InlineField> setting for the application.

Applications also may have associated Identity Providers, such as Google or OIDC providers.
When so configured, a user may log in to an application with the Identity Provider.

Every user object contains an array of application registrations.
You can search for all users with a given registration.

Learn more about [Applications](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications).

### Groups

Groups are a way to group users in FusionAuth.
They are tenant scoped.
They may have application roles associated with them.
Users with a registration for an application as well as a group membership will assume those roles upon login.

Group membership is boolean in nature.
A user is either in a group or out of a group.

An example use case is a forum moderators group.
The forum application can get the group memberships of any user.
If the user is a member of the moderators group, the application can provide a 'flag' button on the forum software.

Every user object contains an array of group memberships.
You can search for all users with a given group memberships.

One issue is that to get the group names of memberships for a user, you must use FusionAuth's proprietary APIs.
Group names are not included in the user object.

Learn more about [Groups](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/groups).

### Entities and Grants

Entities and grants allow you to model fine grained permissions in a flexible manner.
Entities are things, while grants are expressions of permissions granted to a user or thing to another thing.
Entities have configurable permissions.
Entities are a good fit when you have users that may need access to different assets which can't be easily modeled as applications.

An example use case which could be modeled using entities is GitHub organizations.
A user can belong to zero or more GitHub organizations and have different access levels in each one.
But a user logs in to GitHub, not to a GitHub organization.
Additionally, permissions will vary between organizations.
A user may be an admin in one GitHub organization and have read-only access in another one.
To implement this, you'd represent each GitHub organization as an entity in FusionAuth, and grant users permissions to each organization of which they are a member.

It is very common to have an interstitial page when using entities.
(This page is custom built and is not provided by FusionAuth.)
The user logs in to an application, and is then presented with a list of entities to which they've been granted permissions.
The user selects an entity and then interacts with the permissions they have been granted to that entity.

You can search for all users granted access to a given entity.
You can search for all entities for which a user has a grant.

To search for grants on a user, you must use FusionAuth's proprietary APIs.
Additionally, since entities cannot be 'logged into', they don't have any relationship with external Identity Providers.

Learn more about [Entities and Grants](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/entity-management).

#### Entities Compared to Applications

Entities, grants and permissions are analogous to applications, registrations and roles, but you can't log in to an entity.

Entities may also be useful if you have two or more applications in FusionAuth, but you want to control access in an orthogonal way while still allowing users to assume different roles.

Suppose you have a point of sales application and a scheduling application for your retail chain.
You have ten stores.
You want to allow employees to log in to each of these applications, but you want to limit them to access only stores where they are currently working.
But if they move between stores to cover for a shift or because of a transfer, you want to handle that use case as well.
This means you can't use tenants to model stores.

To solve this, model the point of sales and scheduling applications as applications.
Each store would be an entity, and after the user has logged into an application, you'd show them the stores to which they'd have access.

With entities, you can give users different levels of access in different stores. 
The scheduling software can query the FusionAuth API or examine the token and allow Richard access to the scheduling application as a manager for store A but only as an employee for store B.

If you were to model this using only applications, you'd need twenty applications in FusionAuth (two for each store). Keeping those configurations synchronized might be difficult.
And if you added more applications, you'd face a combinatorial explosion of applications.

### The user.data Field

You can add arbitrary JSON to the `user.data` field. You can do this using the [User API](/docs/apis/users), in the admin UI with [custom admin forms](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/admin-forms) or allow users to do so using [self-service account management](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management). The `user.data` fields can be read in a [JWT Populate Lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/jwt-populate) and pushed into the tokens generated during authentication.

The downstream application can examine the tokens and determine access.

A variant of this is using [Lambda HTTP Connect](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/lambda-remote-api-calls) which can pass a user Id to an external service during authentication and retrieve user attributes. This has the advantage of avoiding synchronization at the cost of increased latency during the authentication event. The exact amount of latency depends on API responsiveness.

This approach works well when you want FusionAuth to handle authentication but keep all user segmentation logic in your application.

An example use case for `user.data` is if you have custom authorization logic in your application based on user profile data such as `org_id` and `org_type`. At authentication time, push these attributes into your token using a JWT populate lambda. Then pass the token to your client, and have the client present the token to your application. The application can then examine the `org_id` and `org_type` profile attributes and make an authorization decision based on that custom logic.

Learn more about [Searching user data](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search/user-search-with-elasticsearch) and the [JWT Populate Lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/jwt-populate).

#### The user.data Schema

<DataFieldDataTypeChanges />

# Install a Database

import Tabs from 'src/components/Tabs.astro';
import TabItem from 'src/components/TabItem.astro';

FusionAuth requires a database that meets the [System Requirements](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/reference/system-requirements). This page explains how to install a supported database.

## Install PostgreSQL

<Tabs>
	<TabItem label="Manual Install">
To install PostgreSQL, follow the installation instructions for your platform at [postgresql.org](https://www.postgresql.org/download/). We recommend PostgreSQL 15 or newer.
	</TabItem>
	<TabItem label="Homebrew">

	If you don't have PostgreSQL installed, you can install it using Homebrew:
	
	1. Install PostgreSQL:
	
   	   ```console
   	   brew install postgresql@16
   	   ```
	1. Start PostgreSQL with Homebrew services:
	
   	   ```console
   	   brew services start postgresql@16
   	   ```
   	1. Add the following line to your `~/.zshrc` or `~/.bashrc` file to add PostgreSQL binaries to your `PATH`:

       ```console
       export PATH="$PATH:$(brew --prefix postgresql@16)/bin"
       ```
	</TabItem>
</Tabs>

Then, configure PostgreSQL for use with FusionAuth:

1. Create the FusionAuth user, `fusionauth`, with password `fusionauth`:

   ```console
   psql --command="CREATE USER fusionauth PASSWORD 'fusionauth'" --command="\du" postgres
   ```

1. Create a database named `fusionauth` owned by the `fusionauth` user:

   ```console
   createdb --owner=fusionauth fusionauth
   ```

## Install MySQL

To install MySQL, follow the installation instructions for your platform at [dev.mysql.com](https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/installer/).

FusionAuth requires the ability to store 4-byte unicode. To store 4-byte unicode, you must configure your MySQL server to use the `utf8mb4` character set. If you don't configure this character set, FusionAuth will fail to start and log an error.

To configure your MySQL instance to use `utf8mb4`, add the following lines to `my.cnf` (`my.ini` on Windows):

```ini
[client]
default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysqld]
character-set-client-handshake = FALSE
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_bin
```

After modifying the configuration file, restart MySQL to load your changes.

This configuration changes the character set for the entire MySQL server. If you share your MySQL server across multiple databases and applications, check to ensure that this change doesn't impact functionality.

Once you have configured the available options, if startup still fails due to this validation, you may disable this feature. See `database.mysql.enforce-utf8mb4` in the [Configuration reference](/docs/reference/configuration).

### Install MySQL Connector

To use MySQL with FusionAuth, you also need the MySQL Connector for Java. This is a manual process due to the way that Oracle licenses MySQL. To get the MySQL Connector into the correct location for FusionAuth:

1. Download the MySQL Connector version 8.0.23 or newer using the Platform Independent installer from [Oracle](https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/j/8.0.html).
1. Unzip or untar the archive.
1. The archive should contain a file named `mysql-connector-java-<version>.jar`. Copy this file to the FusionAuth app library directory, located in the installation directory at `fusionauth-app/lib`. For example, a DEB package install on a Debian Linux system would locate the installation directory at `/usr/local/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/lib`.

# Docs MCP Server

FusionAuth has a model context protocol (MCP) server which allows you to query the the FusionAuth documentation using any MCP compatible client.

This server queries not only the technical FusionAuth documentation but other related material such as the FusionAuth Youtube channel, the GitHub issues repository, and the Terraform provider code.

You can use this MCP server to interact with the FusionAuth docs using natural language to:

* verify defaults and limitations
* find video or other resources for FusionAuth features
* learn about workarounds for known issues

The MCP server is located at:

```
https://ai.fusionauth.io/mcp/docs
```

The MCP server is accessed with the Streamable HTTP transport. No authentication is required to use this MCP server.

Please consult your MCP client documentation to configure this remote MCP server.

# Access from the Internet

import ExposingLocalInstance from 'src/content/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/_exposing-local-instance.mdx';

<ExposingLocalInstance />

## Security Considerations

Doing this gives anyone on the internet a path to your local machine, if they know the URL.

Shut this down when it has served its purpose.

# Development

import PageNavCard from '/src/components/PageNavCard.astro';

This section contains best practices for writing and testing software that uses FusionAuth:

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/kickstart" title="Create an Instance with Kickstart"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/mcp-server" title="MCP Server"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/docs-mcp-server" title="Documentation MCP Server"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/exposing-instance" title="Access an Instance from the Internet"/>
</div>

# Kickstart

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import DefaultEntities from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_default-entities.mdx';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import KickstartLicenseText from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_kickstart-license-text.mdx';
import KickstartTroubleshooting from 'src/content/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/_kickstart-troubleshooting.mdx';

FusionAuth Kickstart is a declarative tool allowing you to build a template to quickly replicate environments. Anything that can be built with the API can be set up using Kickstart. This enables you to share environments between containers, test cases, and developers.

The kickstart file is a collection of one or more API keys and a list of API requests. You can call `POST`, `PUT` or `PATCH` on any API that you like and each request will be executed in order using the primary API key defined in the bootstrap file.

To kickstart FusionAuth, set an environment variable named `FUSIONAUTH_APP_KICKSTART_FILE` that points to your kickstart file, or configure `fusionauth-app.kickstart.file` in your `fusionauth.properties` file. See [Configuration](/docs/reference/configuration) for more options.

<Aside type="caution">
Kickstart expects an untouched FusionAuth instance. The Kickstart process will only run if no API keys, users or tenants exist.

Kickstart is suitable for spinning up development, CI, and testing environments to a known state, but is not a generic configuration management solution. See [Configuration Management](/docs/operate/deploy) for configuration management options.
</Aside>

Because Kickstart won't run if an instance isn't empty, you can safely leave this environment variable configured even after the system has been configured.

You are implicitly accepting the [FusionAuth License](/license) when using Kickstart.

If you'd like to run a Kickstart file in a Docker container, please check out the [Docker installation guide](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/docker).

## Getting Started

Let's work from simple to complex. Each example will introduce a new feature so you can learn how to best build and leverage the options available to you as you build out your kickstart file.

The examples found here, as well as community contributed examples may also be found on GitHub in the [FusionAuth Kickstart repository](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-kickstart). If you think you've got a cool kickstart, please submit a PR. Your example can help the community.

### The API Key

Here is the simplest kickstart file you can use. It adds a single API key and that's it. This is useful if you intend to complete the rest of your setup by calling APIs in your own application, development setup scripts, or [with Terraform](/docs/operate/deploy/terraform).

<JSON title="Simplest Possible Kickstart File" src="kickstart/simplest-kickstart.json" />

This API key can be any string, and you should specify one unique to your FusionAuth instance. This value should ideally be a long random value. Please don't use the above key in a production environment.

Because this value will primarily be used during your integration as an Authorization HTTP request header. If you utilize non-ASCII characters in your API key you will need to ensure they are properly escaped in the HTTP request header. For this reason, unless you have specific requirements, utilizing a long alphanumeric string using an underscore `_` or dash `-` for visual separation if desired will be ideal and quite sufficient to ensure a high entropy key.

<Aside type="caution">
If you don't provide an API key in the file, Kickstart will not be able to run.
</Aside>

#### Scoping an API Key

The first API key you specify has to have authority over all tenants and permissions against all endpoints. If you want to create subsequent API keys these can optionally be scoped to a Tenant and have restrictions on which endpoints they can call.

In this example you still have the first API key with global permissions, but there is a second, restricted API key.

```json
{
  "apiKeys": [
    {
      "key": "4737ea8520bd454caabb7cb3d36e14bc1832c0d3f70a4189b82598670f11b1bd"
    },
    {
      "key": "0ad00c5f140c43f8bc2a155dd0edf3b7d61f5dd4011843d8a28475a0d812c033",
      "description": "Restricted API key - only for Retrieve User",
      "permissions": {
        "endpoints": {
          "/api/user": [
            "GET"
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}
```

You may also add a `keyManager` attribute if you would like an API key to be a key manager, capable of creating and modifying other keys:

```json
{
  "apiKeys": [
    {
      "key": "4737ea8520bd454caabb7cb3d36e14bc1832c0d3f70a4189b82598670f11b1bd",
      "keyManager" : true
    },
    {
      "key": "0ad00c5f140c43f8bc2a155dd0edf3b7d61f5dd4011843d8a28475a0d812c033",
      "description": "Restricted API key - only for Retrieve User",
      "keyManager" : true,
      "permissions": {
        "endpoints": {
          "/api/user": [
            "GET"
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}
```

In both of these cases, the new key can be used to create other keys. The first key will be able to create keys for any tenant and any set of permissions. The second will be able to create other keys able to retrieve users. Learn more about the limits of [key managers](/docs/apis/api-keys).

Beginning in version `1.30.0`, if you have an Enterprise plan of FusionAuth with Threat Detection enabled, you can optionally specify an IP Access Control List to be used with an API key by adding the <InlineField>ipAccessControlListId</InlineField> property to the API key. Note that you will need to create the IP Access Control List in your Kickstart definition in order to use this feature.

### Using Variables

You may find yourself repeating yourself when you build your kickstart file, but nobody likes to type the same value over and over. Use variables to reduce repetition.

To use a variable, define the key and value in the `variables` section of the kickstart file and then access that value anywhere outside of the `variables` section using the `#{foo}` notation where `foo` is the name of the variable.

Here is the same example as above, but instead of hard coding the API key, a variable is created to hold the API key value. This example is not particularly interesting since the value has been moved from the `apiKeys` section to the `variables` section. Never worry! Using variables can come in handy as you'll see in the next few examples.

```json
{
  "variables": {
    "apiKey": "4737ea8520bd454caabb7cb3d36e14bc1832c0d3f70a4189b82598670f11b1bd"
  },
  "apiKeys": [
    {
      "key": "#{apiKey}",
      "description": "My first API Key!"
    }
  ]
}
```

### Using Environment Variables

It is reasonable to think you may not want to hard code a password or API key in the kickstart file which could get checked into version control. You can use environment variables which should make this a bit easier for you.

To use an environment variable prefix the name of the environment variable with `ENV.`.

Here is the same example as above, but instead of hard coding the API key, you are picking it up from an environment variable. Here Kickstart will resolve the value of the API key in the environment variable named `FUSIONAUTH_API_KEY`. This value will be set into the variable `apiKey` and then when the API key is constructed the value of the API key will be resolved to the `apiKey` variable value.

```json
{
  "variables": {
    "apiKey": "#{ENV.FUSIONAUTH_API_KEY}"
  },
  "apiKeys": [
    {
      "key": "#{apiKey}"
    }
  ]
}
```

### Adding API Requests

Now comes the interesting part. Once you have defined at least one API key, you can define one to many API requests that will be executed in order using the primary API key. Each API request is represented as a JSON object.

You may call any API you like, but you are limited to the `POST`, `PUT` and `PATCH` HTTP methods. The following define the fields available for each API request.

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="method" type="String" required>
    The HTTP method.

    The possible values are:

    * `POST`
    * `PUT`
    * `PATCH`
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="contentType" type="String" optional since="1.40.1">
    The optional value of the `Content-Type` request header.

    Currently this is only intended when using the `PATCH` HTTP request <InlineField>method</InlineField> for a value of `application/json-patch+json` or `application/merge-patch+json`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="url" type="String" required>
    The relative URL of the API endpoint, such as `/api/user/registration`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tenantId" type="UUID" optional>
    The unique Tenant Id.

    This is useful if you are using a globally scoped API key, have multiple tenants, and are creating an application or other tenant scoped object in one tenant. Otherwise this can be omitted.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="body" type="Object" optional>
    The JSON object representing the body of the API call.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

Here is an example of creating a FusionAuth admin user using the `requests` object array. This example is using the [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations) to create the User and registration in a single request.

You'll notice there is a special variable that you did not define in the `variables` object. This is one of a number of [Environment Variables](#environment-variables) provided for your convenience.

```json
{
  "variables": {
    "apiKey": "#{ENV.FUSIONAUTH_API_KEY}",
    "adminPassword": "#{ENV.FUSIONAUTH_ADMIN_PASSWORD}"
  },
  "apiKeys": [
    {
      "key": "#{apiKey}"
    }
  ],
  "requests": [
    {
      "method": "POST",
      "url": "/api/user/registration",
      "body": {
        "user": {
          "email": "monica@piedpiper.com",
          "password": "#{adminPassword}",
          "data": {
            "Company": "PiedPiper"
          }
        },
        "registration": {
          "applicationId": "#{FUSIONAUTH_APPLICATION_ID}",
          "roles": [
            "admin"
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}
```

#### Tenants

If you don't create a tenant using the Tenant API in your kickstart file then you're all set. If you do find yourself creating more than one tenant then you will need to specify the Tenant Id on the API requests.

There is a top level property in the request called `tenantId` and you simply set that value to indicate which Tenant you wish to use.

Create a new application in a second, new tenant. Because you need to know the `tenantId`, generate a new UUID using the `#{UUID()}` function call and assign that value to `secondTenantId`. Now, you can re-use this value to create the tenant and to make the Create Application API request.

This kickstart will create a second tenant named `Aviato` which will contain a single application named `My Cool Application`.

```json
{
  "variables": {
    "apiKey": "#{ENV.FUSIONAUTH_API_KEY}",
    "adminPassword": "#{ENV.FUSIONAUTH_ADMIN_PASSWORD}",
    "secondTenantId": "#{UUID()}"
  },
  "apiKeys": [
    {
      "key": "#{apiKey}"
    }
  ],
  "requests": [
    {
      "method": "POST",
      "url": "/api/tenant/#{secondTenantId}",
      "body": {
        "tenant": {
          "name": "Aviato"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "method": "POST",
      "url": "/api/application",
      "tenantId": "#{secondTenantId}",
      "body": {
        "application": {
          "name": "My Cool Application"
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}
```

#### Tenant-scoped API keys

An API key may also be configured to be restricted to a single tenant, as implied above. To do this, add the `tenantId` to the API key configuration.

In this example, modify the restricted API key example from above to further limit it for use with only one tenant.

```json
{
  "variables": {
    "secondTenantId": "#{UUID()}"
  },
  "apiKeys": [
    {
      "key": "4737ea8520bd454caabb7cb3d36e14bc1832c0d3f70a4189b82598670f11b1bd"
    },
    {
      "key": "0ad00c5f140c43f8bc2a155dd0edf3b7d61f5dd4011843d8a28475a0d812c033",
      "description": "Restricted API key - only for Retrieve User in Aviato",
      "permissions": {
        "endpoints": {
          "/api/user": [
            "GET"
          ]
        }
      },
      "tenantId": "#{secondTenantId}"
    }
  ],
  "requests": [
    {
      "method": "POST",
      "url": "/api/tenant/#{secondTenantId}",
      "body": {
        "tenant": {
          "name": "Aviato"
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}
```

## Advanced Concepts

### Referencing Defaults

There are some items in FusionAuth with default fixed Ids, such as the default theme or the FusionAuth application.

Here are the default items and their Ids:

<DefaultEntities />

With these Ids, you can build other requests in your Kickstart file that depend on default items. For example, you can copy the default theme and then modify the copied theme. This is useful if you are only modifying the CSS of your theme.

### Modify the Default Tenant Id

FusionAuth generates the Id for the default tenant when the database schema is first created. For development and production environments, it may be helpful to have a known `tenantId` for consistency across environments.

To modify the default Tenant Id, set the `defaultTenantId` in your kickstart file. The value must be a valid UUID. In the example below, the Tenant Id is `30663132-6464-6665-3032-326466613934`.

The value resolved when using the `FUSIONAUTH_TENANT_ID` variable will reflect this change.

```json
{
  "variables": {
    "defaultTenantId": "30663132-6464-6665-3032-326466613934"
  }
}
```

### Modify the Tenant Manager Application Id

<Aside type="version">
  Available since 1.60.0
</Aside>

FusionAuth generates the Id for the Tenant Manager application when the database schema is first created. For development and production environments, it may be helpful to have a known `application.id` for consistency across environments.

To modify the Tenant Manager application Id, set the `tenantManagerApplicationId` in your kickstart file. The value must be a valid UUID. In the example below, the Tenant Manager application Id is `9a145715-bfbd-4c06-bff2-009315b9761e`.

The value resolved when using the `FUSIONAUTH_TENANT_MANAGER_APPLICATION_ID` variable will reflect this change.

```json
{
  "variables": {
    "tenantManagerApplicationId": "9a145715-bfbd-4c06-bff2-009315b9761e"
  }
}
```

### Set Your License Id

If you have a paid plan of FusionAuth, you will be provided with a license Id.

<KickstartLicenseText />

If you are using the Community plan, you can omit this field.

To add an [air-gapped license](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/reference/air-gapping), use the `license` field. For example:

```json
  "apiKeys": [ ... ],
  "license": "...license text...",
  "licenseId": "...license id...",
  "requests": [ ... ]
```

### Settings

<Aside type="version">
Available since 1.20.1
</Aside>

Kickstart works by making API calls. By default each API request has a read and a connect timeout, and the API call will fail if it does not succeed within the timeout period.

You can configure these timeouts with a different value. For example, if you have high latency between the FusionAuth instance and its database, you may need to increase these values. In general the default setting should be adequate, but this is also useful for troubleshooting connectivity issues.

You can do so by creating a top level `settings` object, and setting either or both of the `connectTimeout` and `readTimeout` attributes. The value is specified in milliseconds.

Below, both timeouts are set to 7 seconds.

```json
{
  "settings" : {
    "connectTimeout": 7000,
    "readTimeout": 7000
  }
}
```

#### Settings Details

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="connectTimeout" type="Integer" optional defaults="5000">
    The HTTP connection timeout, in milliseconds, when connecting to the API.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="readTimeout" type="Integer" optional defaults="5000">
    The HTTP read timeout, in milliseconds, when connecting to the API.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


### Include Text Files

When making API requests to create an email template or request which may have lengthy values, it may be helpful to separate these values into separate files. The directories shown here are just examples, and you can use your own convention.

To include a text file in your kickstart definition, use the `@{fileName}` syntax where the `fileName` is a relative path from your kickstart file. For this type of include, Kickstart handles all line returns and properly JSON escapes them for use in a JSON request body.

For example, consider the following directory structure:

```
|- kickstart.json
|- emails/
|  |- setup-password.html
|  |- setup-password.txt
```


In this example you are creating an email template and reading in the values for the text and HTML values from files in a subdirectory named `emails`. Using external files for templates like this allows you to format your emails nicely. Kickstart will handle the necessary JSON escaping to complete the API request.

```json
{
  "variables": {
    "apiKey": "#{ENV.FUSIONAUTH_API_KEY}"
  },
  "apiKeys": [
    {
      "key": "#{apiKey}"
    }
  ],
  "requests": [
    {
      "method": "POST",
      "url": "/api/email/template/0502df1e-4010-4b43-b571-d423fce978b2",
      "body": {
        "emailTemplate": {
          "defaultFromName": "No Reply",
          "defaultSubject": "Setup your password",
          "defaultHtmlTemplate": "@{emails/setup-password.html}",
          "defaultTextTemplate": "@{emails/setup-password.txt}",
          "fromEmail": "no-replay@piedpiper.com",
          "name": "Setup Password"
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}
```

Newlines are preserved in included text files, whereas they are not in the kickstart file. If you are, for example, including a lambda function definition, it may lead to better readability if you include the body from a text file.

Unicode characters in a Kickstart file can be included directly, using Unicode code point notation, or an HTML escape sequence. Unicode code point notation must be escaped with three prepended backslashes. For example, the three ways to include the horizontal ellipses character, `…`, are:

* `…`
* `\\\\u2026`
* `&#x2026;`

For more information, see the [open GitHub issue](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1947).

### Include JSON files

If you're making a lot of API requests, or simply want to manage each API request body separately it may be helpful to read in external JSON files. The directories shown here are just examples, and you can use your own convention.

To include a JSON file in your kickstart definition use the `&{fileName}` syntax where the `fileName` is a relative path from your kickstart file. If this type of include is used, Kickstart expects the file to be JSON and doesn't do anything with line returns.

For example, consider the following directory structure:

```
|- kickstart.json
|- emails/
|  |- setup-password.html
|  |- setup-password.txt
|- json/
|  |- setup-password.json
```

Here are the contents of the `json/setup-password.json` file. In this example, the values for `defaultHtmlTemplate` and `defaultTextTemplate` are read from external files.

```json
{
  "emailTemplate": {
    "defaultFromName": "No Reply",
    "defaultSubject": "Setup your password",
    "defaultHtmlTemplate": "@{emails/setup-password.html}",
    "defaultTextTemplate": "@{emails/setup-password.txt}",
    "fromEmail": "no-replay@piedpiper.com",
    "name": "Setup Password"
  }
}
```

You will replicate the previous example but the entire JSON body of the request will move to `setup-password.json`.

```json
{
  "variables": {
    "apiKey": "#{ENV.FUSIONAUTH_API_KEY}"
  },
  "apiKeys": [
    {
      "key": "#{apiKey}"
    }
  ],
  "requests": [
    {
      "method": "POST",
      "url": "/api/email/template/0502df1e-4010-4b43-b571-d423fce978b2",
      "body": "&{json/setup-password.json}"
    }
  ]
}
```

You may also include an entire request using this pattern, consider the following directory structure:

```
|- kickstart.json
|- emails/
|  |- setup-password.html
|  |- setup-password.txt
|- json/
|  |- setup-password.json
|- requests/
|  |- setup-password.json
```

Here are the contents of the `requests/setup-password.json` file.

```json
{
  "method": "POST",
  "url": "/api/email/template/0502df1e-4010-4b43-b571-d423fce978b2",
  "body": {
    "emailTemplate": {
      "defaultFromName": "No Reply",
      "defaultSubject": "Setup your password",
      "defaultHtmlTemplate": "@{emails/setup-password.html}",
      "defaultTextTemplate": "@{emails/setup-password.txt}",
      "fromEmail": "no-replay@piedpiper.com",
      "name": "Setup Password"
    }
  }
}
```

And the usage in the kickstart file:

```json
{
  "variables": {
    "apiKey": "#{ENV.FUSIONAUTH_API_KEY}"
  },
  "apiKeys": [
    {
      "key": "#{apiKey}"
    }
  ],
  "requests": [
    "&{requests/setup-password.json}"
  ]
}
```
### Determining Kickstart Completion

Kickstart runs a set of API calls, just as if you were running them. You may want to know when Kickstart completes, especially if you are running in a CI/CD environment and want to wait until it is finished to begin your tests. To this end, please review the [kickstart success webhook](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/kickstart-success) documentation.

## Reference

### Variables
There is one special variable that when defined can be used to modify the Id of the default tenant.

* `defaultTenantId` - The Id of the default Tenant which is where the FusionAuth application resides. Set this if you'd like to control the Id.

### Environment Variables

The following environment variables are provided.

* `FUSIONAUTH_APPLICATION_ID` - The Id of the FusionAuth application.
* `FUSIONAUTH_TENANT_ID` - The Id of the default tenant. This is always the tenant which contains the FusionAuth application.
* `TENANT_MANAGER_ID` - The Id of the Tenant Manager application. <AvailableSince since="1.58.0"/>
* `FUSIONAUTH_FORM[adminUser]_ID` - The Id of the default admin user form. <AvailableSince since="1.22.1"/>
* `FUSIONAUTH_FORM[adminRegistration]_ID` - The Id of the default registration form. <AvailableSince since="1.22.1"/>
* `FUSIONAUTH_LAMBDA[lambdatype]_ID` - The Id of the default reconcile Lambda for supported Identity Providers, used to configure a corresponding Identity Provider. <AvailableSince since="1.20.1"/>

  The available Lambda Ids are available as `FUSIONAUTH_LAMBDA[lambdatype]_ID` values:

  * `OpenIDReconcile`
  * `SAMLv2Reconcile`
  * `AppleReconcile`
  * `FacebookReconcile`
  * `GoogleReconcile`
  * `TwitterReconcile`

  For example, for Twitter the variable name would be `FUSIONAUTH_LAMBDA[TwitterReconcile]_ID`.

* `FUSIONAUTH_DEFAULT_SIGNING_KEY_ID` - the Id of the default signing key. <AvailableSince since="1.22.1"/>

### Functions

The following functions are provided.

* `UUID()` - Provides a random UUID

  Example usage: `#{UUID()}`



### Comments

You may not add comments to kickstart files.

### Escape

The escape character sequence is `\\`. For example, to use a literal `\#{`, escape the first character `\\#{`.

## Troubleshooting

<KickstartTroubleshooting />

# API MCP Server

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import RemoteContent from 'src/components/RemoteContent.astro';

FusionAuth has a model context protocol (MCP) server which allows you to manipulate a FusionAuth instance using any MCP compatible client.

It does so by exposing each FusionAuth API operation as an MCP tool.

<Aside type="caution">
This MCP server is a preview release and may break, change or be discontinued in the future.
</Aside>

You can use this MCP server to interact with FusionAuth using natural language to:

* perform quick setup of FusionAuth features: "set up a custom registration form for the Pied Piper application. require email address and password, but allow first name and favorite color to be optional. put them all on one page"
* to explore an existing instance's configuration: "is PKCE enforced for all my applications"
* to export configuration as a kickstart or Terraform file: "please export the configuration for the Pied Piper application to a kickstart file"

The MCP server is installed using the stdio transport and so pairs well with FusionAuth's local instance when run locally.

<Aside type="danger">
Using this MCP server provides the MCP client with a FusionAuth API key. Use this MCP server for development and test instances only.

FusionAuth is not responsible for potentially leaking sensitive information.
</Aside>

<RemoteContent url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-mcp-api/refs/heads/main/README.md"
               tags="forDocSite" />

## Feedback

The FusionAuth team is actively seeking feedback on this preview release. 

View the MCP server code or file bug reports by visiting [the GitHub repository](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-mcp-api/).

To give feedback about features or share useful prompts, please post in [the FusionAuth community forum](/community/forum/)

# Docker

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Steps from 'src/components/Steps.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import Accordion from 'src/components/Accordion.astro';

This page explains how to install FusionAuth using Docker.

The instructions below require the following prerequisites:

* [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/get-started/get-docker/) 23 or later
* On macOS and Windows, one of the following container management tools:
  * [OrbStack](https://docs.orbstack.dev/quick-start) (to use Orbstack for `docker compose` commands after install, run `docker context use orbstack`)
  * [Podman](https://podman.io/docs/installation) (in the commands below, replace `docker` with `podman`)
  * [Docker desktop](https://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop/)

For Kubernetes install instructions, see [Install with Kubernetes](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/). For OpenShift and other community-supported environments, see the [FusionAuth Contrib](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-contrib) GitHub repo.

For more FusionAuth Docker images, see [fusionauth on Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/u/fusionauth/).

## Docker Compose

Use the steps below to install FusionAuth using Docker Compose using the configuration files in the [fusionauth-containers repository](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers). For an in-depth example, see the [FusionAuth Docker Compose example repository](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-docker-compose).

<Steps>

1. Download the `docker-compose.yml` and `.env` files:

   ```console
   curl -o docker-compose.yml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/main/docker/fusionauth/docker-compose.yml
   ```

   <Accordion>
    <span slot="title">Full `docker-compose.yaml` example</span>    
    <RemoteCode title="docker-compose.yml" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/main/docker/fusionauth/docker-compose.yml" lang="yaml" />
      
   </Accordion>

   ```console
   curl -o .env https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/main/docker/fusionauth/.env
   ```

   <Accordion>
    <span slot="title">Full `.env` example</span>    
    <RemoteCode lang="yaml"
        url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/main/docker/fusionauth/.env"
        title=".env" />
      
   </Accordion>

1. Modify `DATABASE_PASSWORD` and ensure the `POSTGRES_USER` and `POSTGRES_PASSWORD` values are correct. You may also override any of these values using environment variables.

1. Start the FusionAuth docker container:

   ```console
   docker compose up -d
   ```

1. Visit [http://localhost:9011](http://localhost:9011) to access the Admin UI.
1. Congratulations, you have a working instance of FusionAuth! To set up login for an application, see our [First Time Setup guide](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/setup).
</Steps>


## Docker Services

This example configuration includes the following services:

![One server](/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/single-server.png)

### FusionAuth Service

This is the service that runs the FusionAuth application.

Review the [Configuration](/docs/reference/configuration#options) documentation to customize your deployment. The best way to configure FusionAuth when using Docker is to use environment variables as documented in that link.

By default, this configuration exposes port `9011` to your host machine.

### Database Service

The database service provides a PostgreSQL database for use by FusionAuth.

Either set the `POSTGRES_PASSWORD` environment variable in the `db` service section, or, more ideally, set the value in the host environment and only reference it in the `docker-compose.yml` file.

By default this database is not accessible outside of the Docker Compose containers.

### Search Service

The search service provides a searchable index of users and field data.

## Custom Docker Images

If you want to build your own image starting with our base image, start with the `fusionauth/fusionauth-app` image. Just as the FusionAuth Docker image is based on an Ubuntu container image, you can build a Docker file which is based on the `fusionauth/fusionauth-app:latest` image. This can be useful if you want to permanently add a password hashing plugin, configuration file, or other customization to the image.

Here's a Dockerfile which extends the latest FusionAuth image:

<RemoteCode title="Example Dockerfile for building fusionauth-app including a plugin" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-docker-compose/main/build/fusionauth-app/Dockerfile" lang="docker" />

Here's an example docker compose YAML file which uses this new image:

<RemoteCode title="Example docker-compose.yml for building fusionauth-app including a plugin" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-docker-compose/main/build/docker-compose.yml" lang="yaml" />

With this example, you can use `docker compose build` to only run the build steps in the referenced Dockerfile. This will create you a custom Docker image which is consequentially used in the creation of the container in Docker Compose when running `docker compose up -d`. Alternatively you can run only `docker compose up -d` which will automatically take care of the build as well if not present.

By default the build process will cache a lot of the steps, to force a fresh build you can run `docker compose build --pull --no-cache` instead.

Here's the FusionAuth application Dockerfile as a reference which builds the `fusionauth/fusionauth-app` base image.

<RemoteCode title="The FusionAuth Docker file" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/main/docker/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/Dockerfile" lang="docker" />

Here is [additional Docker documentation](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/#from).

## Kickstart

Using Docker with Kickstart is a powerful combination. Using these technologies together lets you:

* Configure and share development environments
* Create replicable bug reports 
* Spin up auth instances with a well known, versioned set of data for continuous integration and testing

All the normal limitations of Kickstart apply (the Kickstart will not run if the database has already been set up with an API key, for example).

To use Kickstart, you'll need to tweak your Docker Compose files. Before you begin, you'll need a valid `kickstart.json` file (the `kickstart.json` name is just a convention). Check out the [Kickstart documentation](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/kickstart) for more information on writing a `kickstart.json`.

Once you have a valid `kickstart.json` file, create a subdirectory in the location of your `docker-compose.yml` file. It can be named anything; this documentation will use a directory called `kickstart`. Next, you'll mount this directory and set the `FUSIONAUTH_APP_KICKSTART_FILE` variable in the `docker-compose.yml` file. 

Here are the steps to do so:

* In the `volumes:` section of the `fusionauth` service, add `- ./kickstart:/usr/local/fusionauth/kickstart`.
* Modify `.env` and add the Kickstart configuration variable: `FUSIONAUTH_APP_KICKSTART_FILE=/usr/local/fusionauth/kickstart/kickstart.json`. This path should be what the Docker container expects, not the path on the host.
* Configure `docker-compose.yml` to pass the environment variable set by `.env` to the container. Do this by adding `FUSIONAUTH_APP_KICKSTART_FILE: ${FUSIONAUTH_APP_KICKSTART_FILE}` to the `environment` section of the `fusionauth` service. 
* `docker compose up -d`

The following is an example `docker-compose.yml` file configuring FusionAuth to run the commands in a `kickstart.json` at startup.

<RemoteCode title="Example docker-compose.yml for running Kickstart" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-docker-compose/main/kickstart/docker-compose.yml" lang="yaml" />

After running `docker compose up -d` you should see a line similar to the one below in the logs. These logs can be accessed using this command: `docker compose logs -f fusionauth`:

```plaintext title="FusionAuth log messages indicating Kickstart has succeeded"
io.fusionauth.api.service.system.kickstart.KickstartRunner - Summary
```

This indicates that Kickstart completed and provides a summary of the configuration changes made by it.

You may also want to check out [the Isolated Docker Setups](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-scripts/tree/main/isolated-docker-setup) if you want the ability to rapidly stand up different versions and configurations of FusionAuth.

If you want to test changes to your Kickstart file, you'll need to delete your volumes each time. Kickstart won't run except on a brand new install. If there is any data in the database, it won't proceed.

<Aside type="caution">
This will delete all data in your docker instance.
</Aside>

```plaintext title="Deleting the volumes"
docker compose down -v
```

## Plugins

Instead of building a custom docker image, you can directly mount a directory containing a plugin to your Docker container.

Here are the steps to do so:

* In the `volumes:` section of the `fusionauth` service, add `- ./plugins:/usr/local/fusionauth/plugins`.
* Copy your plugin jar file, created [by following the instructions](/docs/extend/code/password-hashes/), to your `plugins` directory on the host.
* `docker compose up -d`

The following is an example `docker-compose.yml` file configuring FusionAuth to scan for plugins at startup.

<RemoteCode title="Example docker-compose.yml for installing a plugin" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-docker-compose/main/plugin/docker-compose.yml" lang="yaml" />

After running `docker compose up -d` you should see a line like this in the logs, which you can access using the command `docker compose logs -f fusionauth`:

```plaintext title="FusionAuth log messages indicating a plugin has been successfully installed"
INFO  io.fusionauth.api.plugin.guice.PluginModule - Installing plugin [com.mycompany.fusionauth.plugins.guice.MyExampleFusionAuthPluginModule]
INFO  io.fusionauth.api.plugin.guice.PluginModule - Plugin successfully installed
```

Such output indicates that the plugin has been installed and can be used.

## Accessing the Host Machine

The default FusionAuth Docker configuration sets up the network using the `bridge` configuration. This means that all the hosts defined by `docker-compose.yml` can access each other. However, it means that any applications running on your host machine cannot be accessed by FusionAuth using `localhost`.

This is typically only an issue when FusionAuth is accessing resources outside of the Docker network to, for example, send email or request a webhook. For example, if an application is running locally and you want FusionAuth, running in Docker, to send a webhook payload to it, configuring FusionAuth to send the webhook to `localhost` won't work. `localhost` in the Docker container refers to the Docker container itself, not the host machine.

In this situation, do one of the following:

* Run a container with your application in Docker, and use the appropriate network domain name.
* Install FusionAuth on the host machine and use `localhost`.
* Use an alias address, `host.docker.internal`, as the hostname instead of `localhost`.
  * For macOS and Windows hosts, you can use `host.docker.internal` without any additional configuration.
  * For Linux hosts, add the following lines to your `docker-compose.yml`.
```yaml
extra_hosts: 
  - "host.docker.internal:host-gateway"
```

Modifying the FusionAuth service in `docker-compose.yml` to use other Docker networking schemes such as `host` may work, but isn't fully tested or supported.

## OpenSearch Production Deployment Configuration

Production runtime requirements and configuration for OpenSearch will drastically differ from the Docker Compose examples as the examples are configured without any security or redundancy.

Please review the [Installing OpenSearch documentation](https://opensearch.org/docs/latest/install-and-configure/install-opensearch/index/) for further details around production deployment.

## Elasticsearch Production Deployment Configuration

Elasticsearch has a few runtime requirements that may not be met by default on your host platform. Please review the [Elasticsearch Docker production mode guide for more information](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.6/docker.html#docker-cli-run-prod-mode).

For example if startup is failing and you see the following in the logs, you will need to increase `vm.max_map_count` on your host VM.

```plaintext title="The log message when max_map_count is too low"
2018-11-22T12:32:06.779828954Z Nov 22, 2018 12:32:06.779 PM ERROR c.inversoft.maintenance.search.ElasticsearchSilentConfigurationWorkflowTask
  - Silent configuration was unable to complete search configuration. Entering maintenance mode. State [SERVER_DOWN]

2018-11-22T13:00:05.346558595Z ERROR: [2] bootstrap checks failed
2018-11-22T13:00:05.346600195Z [1]: memory locking requested for elasticsearch process but memory is not locked
2018-11-22T13:00:05.346606495Z [2]: max virtual memory areas vm.max_map_count [65530] is too low, increase to at least [262144]
```

## Mailcatcher

In development environments, consider running [MailCatcher](https://mailcatcher.me/), which provides a local SMTP server. This allows FusionAuth to send transactional emails for account verification, password reset, and more.

<RemoteCode title="Example docker-compose.yml with mailcatcher" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-docker-compose/main/mailcatcher/docker-compose.yml" lang="yaml" />

Below is a functional configuration on the tenant email tab based on the above configuration file:

![Tenant Setting With MailCatcher](/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/tenant-mailcatcher-setting.png)

This a view of the Mailcatcher client.

![Mailcatcher Client View](/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/mailcatcher-client.png)

## Limitations

Due to Oracle licensing restrictions, the docker images published on [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/r/fusionauth/fusionauth-app) do not contain the necessary software to connect to a MySQL database.

If you wish to use MySQL, you'll need to build a custom container that includes the MySQL Connector JAR file. Here is an example container definition that uses the FusionAuth image as a base layer and adds the MySQL connector.

<RemoteCode title="Example Dockerfile which downloads the MySQL connector" lang="docker" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/main/docker/fusionauth/fusionauth-app-mysql/Dockerfile" />

# `fusionauth-app`

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import TroubleshootingRuntimeModesAtStartup from 'src/content/docs/get-started/download-and-install/_troubleshooting-runtime-modes-at-startup.mdx';
import Modes from 'src/content/docs/get-started/download-and-install/_modes.mdx';
import Tabs from 'src/components/Tabs.astro';
import TabItem from 'src/components/TabItem.astro';

This guide explains how to install the FusionAuth App from a package on your own server running Linux, macOS, or Windows.

Before you can run FusionAuth, you must also [install a database](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/database).

By default, FusionAuth uses the database as the User search engine. To access advanced search functions, [install a search engine](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/search).

<Tabs>
  <TabItem label="Fast Path">

  These commands will download and unpack the latest version of FusionAuth.
  
  Optionally, provide the following environment variables to the install script to augment behavior:
  
  * `TARGET_DIR` - The location to install the zip. Default value is $PWD/fusionauth.
  * `VERSION` - The version to install. Defaults to the latest stable version.
  
  <Tabs>
    <TabItem label="macOS">
      <Tabs>
        <TabItem label="Install Script">
  1. Copy and paste the code below into a terminal to install the FusionAuth ZIP packages into the current working directory:
  
     ```console
     curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-install/master/install.sh | bash -s && \
     ```

  1. [Install and configure a database](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/database).
  
  1. Navigate into the `fusionauth` install directory:
  
     ```console
     cd fusionauth
     ```
  
  1. Start your FusionAuth instance:
  
     ```console
     bin/startup.sh
     ```
  
  1. Visit [http://localhost:9011](http://localhost:9011) to access the admin UI.
  
  1. Congratulations, you have a working instance of FusionAuth! To set up login for an application, see our [First Time Setup guide](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/setup).
    </TabItem>
    <TabItem label="Homebrew">
    You can find the Fusionauth Homebrew formula on GitHub at [FusionAuth/homebrew-fusionauth](https://github.com/FusionAuth/homebrew-fusionauth). To install this formula, follow the steps below:

    1. Install the Tap:
    
       ```console
       brew tap fusionauth/homebrew-fusionauth
       ```
    
    1. Install the FusionAuth services:
    
       ```console
       brew install fusionauth-app
       ```
    
    1. [Install and configure a database](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/database).

    1. Start FusionAuth with Homebrew services:
    
       ```console
       brew services start fusionauth-app
       ```
    
    1. Visit [http://localhost:9011](http://localhost:9011) to access the Admin UI.
    1. Congratulations, you have a working instance of FusionAuth! To set up login for an application, see our [First Time Setup guide](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/setup).
    
    Homebrew stores the configuration file at `/usr/local/etc/fusionauth/fusionauth.properties` (`$(brew --prefix)/etc/fusionauth/fusionauth.properties`) and the logs at `/usr/local/var/log/fusionauth/`.
    </TabItem>
  </Tabs>
    </TabItem>
    
    <TabItem label="Linux">
  1. Copy and paste the code below into a terminal to install the FusionAuth ZIP packages into the current working directory:
  
     ```console
     curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-install/master/install.sh | bash -s && \
     ```
  
  1. [Install and configure a database](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/database).

  1. Navigate into the `fusionauth` install directory:
  
     ```console
     cd fusionauth
     ```
  
  1. Start your FusionAuth instance:
  
     ```console
     bin/startup.sh
     ```
  
  1. Visit [http://localhost:9011](http://localhost:9011) to access the admin UI.
  1. Congratulations, you have a working instance of FusionAuth! To set up login for an application, see our [First Time Setup guide](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/setup).
    </TabItem>
    <TabItem label="Windows">
  
  <Aside type="note">
  To use Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL), follow the [Microsoft documentation to install Debian/Ubuntu using WSL 2](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/about), then use the Linux install directions below. 
  </Aside>
  
  1. Copy and paste the code below into PowerShell to install the FusionAuth ZIP packages into the current working directory:
  
     ```powershell
     Invoke-WebRequest -UseBasicParsing -Uri https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-install/main/install.ps1 | iex
     ```
  
  1. [Install and configure a database](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/database).

  1. Navigate into the `fusionauth` install directory:
  
     ```powershell
     cd fusionauth
     ```
  
  1. Start your FusionAuth instance:
  
     ```powershell
     bin\startup.ps1
     ```
  
  1. Visit [http://localhost:9011](http://localhost:9011) to access the admin UI.
  
  1. Congratulations, you have a working instance of FusionAuth! To set up login for an application, see our [First Time Setup guide](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/setup).
  
  Optionally, you can register FusionAuth with Windows services:
  
  ```powershell
  \fusionauth\fusionauth-search\elasticsearch\bin\FusionAuthSearch.exe /install
  ```
  
  ```powershell
  \fusionauth\fusionauth-app\bin\FusionAuthApp.exe /install
  ```
  
  To remove the FusionAuth Windows services, run the commands above, but replace `install` with `uninstall`.
    </TabItem>
  </Tabs>

  </TabItem>
  <TabItem label="Manual Install">

  <Tabs>
    <TabItem label="Red Hat">
  To install on a Red Hat based system, use the RPM bundle.

  1. To install the FusionAuth App RPM, run the following command (replacing `<version>` with your desired version number):
  
     ```console
     sudo rpm -i fusionauth-app<version>.rpm
     ```

  1. [Install and configure a database](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/database).

  1. Start FusionAuth:
  
     ```console
     sudo systemctl start fusionauth-app
     ```

  1. Visit [http://localhost:9011](http://localhost:9011) to access the admin UI.
  
  1. Congratulations, you have a working instance of FusionAuth! To set up login for an application, see our [First Time Setup guide](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/setup).
    </TabItem>
    <TabItem label="Debian">
  To install on a Debian based system, use the DEB bundle.

  1. To install the FusionAuth App DEB, run the following command (replacing `<version>` with your desired version number):
  
     ```console
     sudo dpkg -i fusionauth-app<version>.deb
     ```

  1. [Install and configure a database](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/database).
  
  1. Start FusionAuth:
  
     ```console
     sudo systemctl start fusionauth-app
     ```

  1. Visit [http://localhost:9011](http://localhost:9011) to access the admin UI.
  
  1. Congratulations, you have a working instance of FusionAuth! To set up login for an application, see our [First Time Setup guide](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/setup).
    </TabItem>
    <TabItem label="macOS">

  On the [Downloads](/download/) page, find the FusionAuth App package for your target architecture on macOS.

  1. Extract the `fusionauth-app` zip bundle to a directory such as `/usr/local/fusionauth`; this location will be referred to as `FUSIONAUTH_HOME`. Once extracted, the directory structure should look similar to this:
  
     ```
     /usr/local/fusionauth/bin
     /usr/local/fusionauth/config
     /usr/local/fusionauth/config/fusionauth.properties
     /usr/local/fusionauth/fusionauth-app
     ```

  1. [Install and configure a database](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/database).
  
  1. In `FUSIONAUTH_HOME`, run the following command to start FusionAuth:
  
     ```console
     <FUSIONAUTH_HOME>/bin/startup.sh
     ```
    </TabItem>
    <TabItem label="Windows">
      Use one of the following approaches to install FusionAuth on a Windows system:
      <Tabs>
        <TabItem label="Package">
  On the [Downloads](/download/) page, find the FusionAuth App package for your target architecture on Windows.

  1. Extract the `fusionauth-app` zip bundle to a directory such as `\fusionauth`; this location will be referred to as `FUSIONAUTH_HOME`. Once extracted, the directory structure should look similar to this:
  
     ```
     \fusionauth\bin
     \fusionauth\config
     \fusionauth\config\fusionauth.properties
     \fusionauth\fusionauth-app\
     ```

  1. [Install and configure a database](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/database).

  1. Navigate into `FUSIONAUTH_HOME`:
  
     ```powershell
     cd \fusionauth\fusionauth-app\bin
     ```
  
  1. In `FUSIONAUTH_HOME`, run the following command to start FusionAuth: 

     ```powershell
     \fusionauth\bin\startup.ps1
     ```

  </TabItem>
  <TabItem label="Windows Service">
  On the [Downloads](/download/) page, find the FusionAuth App package for your target architecture on Windows.

  1. Extract the `fusionauth-app` zip bundle to a directory such as `\fusionauth`; this location will be referred to as `FUSIONAUTH_HOME`. Once extracted, the directory structure should look similar to this:
  
     ```
     \fusionauth\bin
     \fusionauth\config
     \fusionauth\config\fusionauth.properties
     \fusionauth\fusionauth-app\
     ```

  1. [Install and configure a database](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/database).
  
  1. Navigate into `FUSIONAUTH_HOME`:
  
     ```powershell
     cd \fusionauth\fusionauth-app\bin
     ```

  1. In `FUSIONAUTH_HOME`, run the following command to install the Windows service:
  
     ```powershell
     FusionAuthApp.exe /install
     ```

  1. Run the following command to start FusionAuth as a Windows Service:
  
     ```powershell
     net start FusionAuthApp
     ```
   </TabItem>
 </Tabs>
  </TabItem>
</Tabs>
  </TabItem>
</Tabs>


## Start FusionAuth App

Next, you need to start FusionAuth App and use of the following options to set up the database:

* Enter [Maintenance Mode](#maintenance-mode) where you can visually configure and create the database
* Use [silent mode](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/reference/silent-mode) and allow FusionAuth to automatically configure and create the database

Use the instructions below to start FusionAuth. FusionAuth App depends on the Search Engine, the Search Engine must be started first.

<Aside type="note">
Maintenance Mode makes installation simple. If it is not possible for you to use maintenance mode, you can edit the FusionAuth configuration files and leverage [silent mode](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/reference/silent-mode) or install the database schema via the command-line using the [Advanced Installation](#advanced-installation) instructions below.

If you do not plan to use [silent mode](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/reference/silent-mode) or [Maintenance Mode](#maintenance-mode) to configure FusionAuth, do not start FusionAuth at this point. Instead, skip the to [Advanced Installation](#advanced-installation) section and then return to this section after you have configured FusionAuth and the database via the command-line.
</Aside>

## Runtime Modes

The runtime mode may be configured to trigger or suppress environment specific runtime behavior.
See the <InlineField>fusionauth.runtime-mode</InlineField> property and the `FUSIONAUTH_RUNTIME_MODE` environment variable definitions in the [Configuration](/docs/reference/configuration) documentation for reference.

The available runtime modes are:

* `development`
* `production`

<Aside type="caution">
All FusionAuth nodes in a multi-node cluster must use the **same** runtime mode.

Changing runtime mode of an existing deployment requires stopping all running nodes before starting new nodes with a different runtime mode. Plan for brief downtime during this process.
</Aside>

### Development

When in development runtime mode, FusionAuth will enter an interactive [Maintenance Mode](#maintenance-mode) when installing and upgrading FusionAuth to aid in the configuration of the database and Elasticsearch, and apply necessary database migrations.

### Production

Production runtime mode should be configured when deploying FusionAuth to a production environment.

When in production runtime mode, maintenance mode will never run.
Maintenance mode is not intended for multi-node deployments and will not reliably coordinate database migrations among the nodes, which can result in a corrupted database schema.
Additionally, disabling maintenance mode prevents end-users from navigating to the interactive maintenance mode page rather than the login page at runtime.

In production runtime mode, database migrations will need to be applied out of band using our documented manual method, or using some other external mechanism. See the [Upgrade FusionAuth](/docs/operate/deploy/upgrade) documentation for reference.

In order to enable the production runtime mode, all database and (optional) Elasticsearch configuration properties must be configured properly, see the [Configuration Reference](/docs/reference/configuration).
The configured database and Elasticsearch will be expected to be running and ready to accept connections.

## Maintenance Mode

<Aside type="note">
Maintenance mode is only accessible in the development runtime mode.  See [Runtime Modes](#runtime-modes) above for details.
</Aside>
You will access FusionAuth App's Maintenance Mode setup via the browser. If you installed FusionAuth App on your local machine, you'll
access this interface by opening `http://localhost:9011` in your browser. If FusionAuth is running on a remote server, change the server
name in the URL to match your server's name.

### Database Configuration

The first step will be to configure the database connection to allow FusionAuth to configure the database.

To complete this step you will need to confirm the database type, host, port and name. The connection type defaults to `MySQL` with the default
MySQL port of `3306`. If you are connecting to a PostgreSQL database the default port is `5432`, your configuration may be different.

In the Super User credentials section you will need to supply FusionAuth with a username and password to the database so that it may create
a new database and configure the FusionAuth schema. The provided credentials must have adequate authority to complete successfully. These credentials
are not persisted and only utilized to complete maintenance mode.

<Aside type="caution">
**Troubleshooting MySQL root user issues**

If you are using MySQL, your server might not be configured to allow the `root` user to login except from the hostname `localhost`. Depending on how your system is
configured, FusionAuth might use a different IP or hostname such as `127.0.0.1` or `myapp.com`. Therefore, you need to ensure that your MySQL server is configured to allow the `root` user
to connect from your specific location. To do this, you can create a separate `root` user with the hostname you are targeting, in the example we are using `127.0.0.1`. Here are the
SQL statements for this method:



**Create new user method with all permissions to all databases and tables**

```sql
# replace password with a secure password, or omit the `IDENTIFIED BY` clause to create user without a password
CREATE USER 'root'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY password;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'127.0.0.1' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
```
</Aside>

The final section labeled FusionAuth credentials will be used to define a new database user to own the FusionAuth schema and connect to the database
when FusionAuth starts up. A default `username` and `password` have been generated for you, feel free to utilize these values or modify them to suit your
InfoSec requirements. These credentials will be created and used by FusionAuth to connect to the database at runtime. These credentials will be saved
to the `fusionauth.properties` configuration file.

Click the submit button once you have completed this form and if the provided credentials and database connection information was correct you will
be taken to the next step of the maintenance process or FusionAuth will continue starting up if the configuration is complete.

![Maintenance Mode Database Configuration](/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/maintenance-mode-database.png)

### Search Configuration

If this is your first time starting up FusionAuth we will need to validate your connection to the search engine service and create a search index
for use by FusionAuth.

No configuration is required, but you will need to complete this step by clicking on the Submit button to continue. Once this step is complete you
will complete the initial configuration using the [Setup Wizard](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/setup).

![Maintenance Mode Search Configuration](/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/maintenance-mode-search.png)

## Advanced Installation

These instructions will assist you in editing the FusionAuth configuration file and installing the database schema via the command-line. If you used Maintenance Mode to configure FusionAuth App, you can skip this section.

To manually configure the database schema, you will need to downloaded the corresponding zip file for the version of FusionAuth you'll be installing. Navigate to the [Direct Download](/direct-download) page and find the file named `fusionauth-database-schema-<version>.zip`. That zip archive will contain the necessary SQL files to complete this section.

When you extract the contents of the zip archive you will find `mysql.sql` and `postgresql.sql`.  Typically, these files are used when building a database from the ground up (in other words, creating the schema, in the next section) and are always provided with each release of FusionAuth.  For existing databases, migrations can be run and are included in the `migrations` folder.  Not all versions of FusionAuth require a database migration. FusionAuth versions with migrations are highlighted in the [release notes](/docs/release-notes/).

```
fusionauth-database-schema/
├── migrations
│   ├── mysql
│   │   ├── 1.1.0.sql
           //...
│   │   ├── 1.33.0.sql
│   └── postgresql
│       ├── 1.1.0.sql
           //...
│       ├── 1.33.0.sql
├── mysql.sql
├── passport-to-fusionauth (less common to reference)
│   ├── mysql.sql
│   └── postgresql.sql
└── postgresql.sql
```

### Database Schema

<Aside type="caution">
**Security**

By default, unless you configure the database connection using Maintenance Mode, FusionAuth is configured to connect to the database named `fusionauth`
on `localhost` with the user name `fusionauth` and the password `fusionauth`. For development and testing, you can use these defaults; however, we recommend a more secure password for production systems.
</Aside>

In the following examples, `<root_user>` is the name of the root user for your database. The `<root_user>` must be either the root user or
a user that has privileges to create databases. For MySQL, this is generally a user named `root`, on PostgreSQL, this is generally a user named `postgres`, your configuration may vary. Run the following SQL commands to configure the database for use by FusionAuth. Additionally, `<ordinary_user>` and `<ordinary_password>` are non-superuser accounts that are used to connect to the FusionAuth database.

```shell title="MySQL"
# Create the fusionauth database, replace <root_user> a valid superuser.
mysql --default-character-set=utf8 -u<root_user> -e "CREATE DATABASE fusionauth CHARACTER SET = 'utf8mb4' COLLATE = 'utf8mb4_bin';"

# Create the non-superuser account in the database, replace <root_user> a valid superuser, <ordinary_user> a valid non-superuser and <ordinary_password> with a secure password.
mysql --default-character-set=utf8mb4 -u<root_user> -e "CREATE USER <ordinary_user> IDENTIFIED BY '<ordinary_password>'"

# Grant ordinary user all authority to fusionauth database, replace <root_user> a valid superuser and <ordinary_user> with your user from above.
mysql --default-character-set=utf8mb4 -u<root_user> -e "GRANT ALL ON fusionauth.* TO '<ordinary_user>'@'%'" fusionauth

# Create FusionAuth schema, run this command from the directory where you have extracted the FusionAuth Database Schema zip, replace <ordinary_user> and <ordinary_password> with the values from above.
mysql --default-character-set=utf8mb4 -u<ordinary_user> -p<ordinary_password> fusionauth < mysql.sql
```

```shell title="PostgreSQL"
# Create the fusionauth database, replace <root_user> a valid superuser.
psql -U<root_user> -c "CREATE DATABASE fusionauth ENCODING 'UTF-8' LC_CTYPE 'en_US.UTF-8' LC_COLLATE 'en_US.UTF-8' TEMPLATE template0"

# Note, if installing on Windows, the Encoding values are different, replace the previous command with this version.
psql -U<root_user> -c "CREATE DATABASE fusionauth ENCODING 'UTF-8' LC_CTYPE 'English_United States' LC_COLLATE 'English_United States' TEMPLATE template0;"

# Create the non-superuser account in the database, replace <root_user> a valid superuser, <ordinary_user> a valid non-superuser and <ordinary_password> with a secure password.
psql -U<root_user> -c "CREATE ROLE <ordinary_user> WITH LOGIN PASSWORD '<ordinary_password>';"

# Grant ordinary user all authority to fusionauth database, replace <root_user> a valid superuser and <ordinary_user> with your user from above.
psql -U<root_user> -c "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE fusionauth TO <ordinary_user>; ALTER DATABASE fusionauth OWNER TO <ordinary_user>;"

# Create FusionAuth schema, run this command from the directory where you have extracted the FusionAuth Database Schema zip, replace <ordinary_user> with
the value from above.
psql -U<ordinary_user> fusionauth < postgresql.sql
```

### Configuration

Before starting FusionAuth for the first time, you'll need to add your database connection in the configuration. The name of this
file is `fusionauth.properties`.

The configuration file may be found in the following directory, assuming you installed in the default locations. If you have installed in an
alternate location, the path to this file will be different.

Windows::
  `\fusionauth\config`

macOS or Linux::
  `/usr/local/fusionauth/config`

For more information about the other configuration options found in this file, see the [Configuration Reference](/docs/reference/configuration) section.

Find the default database JDBC URL, username and password values, verify this information is correct. The default JDBC URL is configured for MySQL,
if you're using PostgreSQL you'll need to update the URL. See the `database.url` property documentation in [Configuration Reference](/docs/reference/configuration) for more information.

<Aside type="note">
If you are using MySQL, your `database.url` property must have a parameter at the end like this: `?serverTimezone=UTC`. The `?` character is the
same as a standard URL parameter, so if you have additional parameters, you should only have a single `?` and parameters should be separated by `&`.
</Aside>

```ini title="Database Configuration"
database.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/fusionauth?serverTimezone=UTC
database.username=fusionauth
database.password=fusionauth
```

FusionAuth should now be configured, the database should be created and everything should be ready to run. You can start FusionAuth using
the instructions in the [Start FusionAuth App](#start-fusionauth-app) section above.

## Troubleshooting

<TroubleshootingRuntimeModesAtStartup />

## FAQs

<Modes />

# Install

import ChildCards from "/src/components/ChildCards.astro";

This section contains information about how to get FusionAuth running on a machine.

<ChildCards collection="docs" />

# Microsoft Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS)

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import Kubectl from 'src/content/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/_kubectl.mdx';

This guide will show you how to quickly setup an AKS cluster on Microsoft Azure. When completed, you will have a fully functional Kubernetes cluster ready to deploy FusionAuth as well as a supporting Azure Database for PostgresSQL.
The following method uses the default settings when provisioning an AKS cluster with the required resources and services. It is recommended that you consult the [Azure Kubernetes Service docs](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/aks/) for details on how to customize the configuration for your use case.

## Requirements

* A [Microsoft Azure account](https://portal.azure.com/) and active subscription with sufficient permissions to create resources.
* `az` - Azure command Line tool used to manage resources on Azure. For installation instructions, see [How to install the Azure CLI](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/install-azure-cli).
<Kubectl />

## Architecture

The resulting architecture for this guide centers around creating an AKS cluster. By default, AKS creates a virtual network hosted in the Azure cloud; the worker nodes will connect to this network. You will create a PostgreSQL database and Elasticsearch cluster that will reside within the same virtual network.

The following reference architecture shows an example application deployed in AKS.

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/aks.png" alt="EKS Architecture" width="1200" />

## Create an AKS cluster

### Create a Resource Group

Before you create the cluster, you need to first create a [Resource Group](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/management/), a logical grouping of Azure resources. A resource group location is where resources will run by default when a region is not provided on creation.

```shell title="Create a new resource group"
az group create --name fusionauthResourceGroup --location westus
```

```json title="JSON output of the resource group creation command"
{
  "id": "/subscriptions/2683a458-c361-4b5e-87d9-a4e5237d5b91/resourceGroups/fusionauthResourceGroup",
  "location": "westus",
  "managedBy": null,
  "name": "fusionauthResourceGroup",
  "properties": {
    "provisioningState": "Succeeded"
  },
  "tags": null,
  "type": "Microsoft.Resources/resourceGroups"
}
```

### Create the cluster

```shell title="Create a new AKS cluster"
az aks create \
  --resource-group fusionauthResourceGroup \
  --name fusionauthCluster \
  --node-count 1 \
  --enable-addons monitoring \
  --generate-ssh-keys
```

More on these arguments:

* `resource-group` - The name of the resource group where the cluster will be created.
* `name` - The name of the cluster.
* `node-count` - The number of nodes in the replica set.
* `enable-addons` - The Kubernetes addons to enable.
* `generate-ssh-keys` - Generates SSH public and private key files in the ~/.ssh directory.

For more information on the [`create`](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/aks?view=azure-cli-latest#az_aks_create) command, see [`az aks create`](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/aks?view=azure-cli-latest#az_aks_create) documentation.

### Update Kubernetes Configuration

The following retrieves credentials for the newly created cluster and then configures your `~/.kube/config` file so that you can use `kubectl` to connect to this cluster.

```shell title="Get access credentials and update Kubeconfig"
az aks get-credentials \
  --resource-group fusionauthResourceGroup \
  --name fusionauthCluster
```

### Verify Cluster Information

Execute the [list](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/aks?view=azure-cli-latest#az_aks_list) command to see AKS clusters that have been configured.

```shell title="Get list of AKS clusters"
az aks list
```

You now have a fully functional provisioned AKS cluster. For good measure, view the nodes that have been created.
Use `kubectl` to make requests to the Kubernetes API Server.

```shell title="Get list of nodes running on the cluster"
kubectl get nodes -o wide

NAME                                STATUS   ROLES   AGE     VERSION   INTERNAL-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   OS-IMAGE             KERNEL-VERSION     CONTAINER-RUNTIME
aks-nodepool1-13281124-vmss000000   Ready    agent   8m42s   v1.20.9   10.240.0.4    <none>        Ubuntu 18.04.6 LTS   5.4.0-1059-azure   containerd://1.4.9+azure
```

Great! You have a node in a `READY` status. This means that the node is healthy and ready to accept pods.

## Create a Database

For this setup, you will create a PostgreSQL database. Such a database is required for FusionAuth. Replace `fusionauth-db-<my-organization>` with the desired database name.

<Aside type="caution">
Azure database names are globally unique and you may encounter the error, "Specified server name is already used". Consider appending your own unique identifier such as an organization name in this example.
</Aside>

```shell title="Create a PostgreSQL flexible server"
az postgres flexible-server create \
  --resource-group fusionauthResourceGroup \
  --name fusionauth-db-<my-organization> \
  --location westus \
  --admin-user postgres \
  --admin-password changeMeToSomethingSecure \
  --version 12 \
  --public-access 0.0.0.0
```

More on these arguments:

* `resource-group` - The name of the resource group where the cluster will be created.
* `name` - The name of the database.
* `location` - The location.
* `admin-user` - The database admin user.
* `admin-password` - The database admin user password.
* `version` - The version of PostgreSQL to install.
* `public-access` - Allows public access in the firewall rules. The `0.0.0.0` parameter allows access to this database from any resource deployed in Azure.

For more information on the [create](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/postgres/flexible-server?view=azure-cli-latest#az_postgres_flexible_server_create) command, see [`az postgres flexible-server create`](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/postgres/flexible-server?view=azure-cli-latest#az_postgres_flexible_server_create) documentation.

Upon successful database creation, you will receive a JSON object that contains important information about your new database.

```json title="JSON output from a successful database creation"
{
  "connectionString": "postgresql://postgres:<your-password>@fusionauth-db-example.postgres.database.azure.com/postgres?sslmode=require",
  "databaseName": "flexibleserverdb",
  "firewallName": "AllowAllAzureServicesAndResourcesWithinAzureIps_2021-10-10_23-34-29",
  "host": "fusionauth-db-example.postgres.database.azure.com",
  "id": "/subscriptions/2683a458-c361-4b5e-87d9-a4e5237d5b91/resourceGroups/fusionauthResourceGroup/providers/Microsoft.DBforPostgreSQL/flexibleServers/fusionauth-db-example",
  "location": "West US",
  "password": "your-password",
  "resourceGroup": "fusionauthResourceGroup",
  "skuname": "Standard_D2s_v3",
  "username": "postgres",
  "version": "12"
}
```

Take note of the database username, password and hostname, as those will be needed to configure FusionAuth. If you need to retrieve this information later, you can use the following command to get a list:

```shell title="List available flexible servers"
az postgres flexible-server list
```

## Deploy Elasticsearch using Elastic Cloud

Azure offers its Elasticsearch Service through Elastic Cloud. This section will guide you through setting up your account and deploying an Elasticsearch cluster.

From the Azure Portal home screen, enter a search for "Elasticsearch" and click on the Elasticsearch (Elastic Cloud) service.

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/az-es-start.png" alt="Navigate to Elasticsearch service" width="1200" role="top-cropped bottom-cropped" />

Click on the **Create Elasticsearch (Elastic Cloud)** button.

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/az-es-create.png" alt="Create Elasticsearch" width="1200" role="top-cropped bottom-cropped" />

Create an Elastic Resource by selecting the resource group you created in the first section of this guide and a name for the resource. Click on **Review + Create** after providing the required fields.

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/az-es-create-resource.png" alt="Create resource screen" width="1200" role="top-cropped bottom-cropped" />

Review your selections and press the **Create** button when ready.

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/az-es-review-create.png" alt="Review and create screen" width="1200" role="top-cropped bottom-cropped" />

Your deployment will now be in-progress as indicated on the next screen. This may take a few minutes to complete.

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/az-es-in-progress.png" alt="In-progress screen" width="1200" role="top-cropped bottom-cropped" />

When the deployment is complete, click on **Go to resource group** and then click on the Elasticsearch resource that you just created.

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/az-es-resource-group.png" alt="Resources screen" width="1200" role="top-cropped bottom-cropped" />

Click on the **Manage changes in Elastic Cloud** link.

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/az-es-example.png" alt="Elasticsearch resource detail screen" width="1200" role="top-cropped bottom-cropped" />

You will be directed to your Elastic Cloud dashboard and will see your new deployment listed.

Click on the name of your deployment to manage it. On the next page, you have access to all of the necessary endpoint information you will need to connect to your deployment.
Under <Breadcrumb>pplications</Breadcrumb>, click on the <InlineUIElement>Copy endpoint</InlineUIElement> link next to <InlineUIElement>Elasticsearch</InlineUIElement> to copy the URL to your clipboard. You will need to save this URL for use when [deploying FusionAuth](/docs/get-started/download-and-install) to your AKS cluster.
Next, click on the <Breadcrumb>Security</Breadcrumb> link seen on the left navigation panel.

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/az-es-copy-endpoint.png" alt="Example dashboard on Elastic Cloud" width="1200" role="top-cropped bottom-cropped" />

Click on the **Reset Password** button to set your administrative credentials for your cluster.

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/az-es-security.png" alt="Security screen" width="1200" role="top-cropped bottom-cropped" />

You now have your Elasticsearch cluster deployed and the required credentials to connect to it.

## Next Steps

You now are running all the necessary infrastructure to deploy a containerized application to AKS.

Next up, [Deploy FusionAuth in Kubernetes](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/fusionauth-deployment).

# Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS)

import Kubectl from 'src/content/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/_kubectl.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';

This guide will show you how to quickly set up an EKS cluster in AWS. When completed, you will have a fully functional Kubernetes cluster ready for a FusionAuth deployment. The following method uses the default settings when provisioning the EKS cluster with the required resources and services.

## Required Tools

* `AWS CLI` - Amazon Command Line Interface. This allows users to interact with AWS resources and services from the command-line. For more information, see [Installing, updating, and uninstalling the AWS CLI](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/cli-chap-install.html). This will need to be installed and configured for a user with [IAM permissions to manage EKS](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/service-authorization/latest/reference/list_amazonelastickubernetesservice.html).
* `eksctl` - For this guide, you will use `eksctl`, a command line tool for managing EKS clusters. For installation information, see [The eksctl command line utility](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/eks/latest/userguide/eksctl.html).
<Kubectl />

## Architecture

The resulting EKS cluster will use a dedicated VPC with two availability zones, each consisting of a public and private subnet. It will use an autoscaling node group with a node (Linux EC2 instance) in each private subnet. Additionally, you will provision a PostgreSQL RDS instance to satisfy installation requirements of FusionAuth.

<Aside type="note">
For the remainder of this guide, the value used for region will be `us-west-1`.
</Aside>

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/eksctl-architecture.png" alt="EKS Architecture" width="1200" />

## Create an EKS Cluster

Prior to creating the cluster, either create a new key pair or have an existing pair on hand. This is because providing a key when running the create command configures EKS to allow SSH access to the created compute nodes. If a key is not provided, this can not be changed later. Having SSH access allows for easier troubleshooting.

```shell title="Create key pair"
aws ec2 create-key-pair --region us-west-1 --key-name eksExampleKeyPair
```

If successful, information about your new key will be displayed. Store the private key for future use.

Now create a new EKS cluster.

```shell title="Create EKS cluster"
eksctl create cluster \
--name fusionauth-example \
--region us-west-1 \
--with-oidc \
--ssh-access \
--ssh-public-key eksExampleKeyPair
```

This command uses CloudFormation to provision all of the necessary resources that your EKS cluster needs. You should see output that looks something like this:

```plaintext title="CloudFormation output"
2021-10-05 14:18:03 [ℹ]  eksctl version 0.66.0
2021-10-05 14:18:03 [ℹ]  using region us-west-1
2021-10-05 14:18:03 [ℹ]  setting availability zones to [us-west-1a us-west-1c us-west-1a]
2021-10-05 14:18:03 [ℹ]  subnets for us-west-1a - public:192.168.0.0/19 private:192.168.96.0/19
2021-10-05 14:18:03 [ℹ]  subnets for us-west-1c - public:192.168.32.0/19 private:192.168.128.0/19
2021-10-05 14:18:03 [ℹ]  subnets for us-west-1a - public:192.168.64.0/19 private:192.168.160.0/19
2021-10-05 14:18:03 [ℹ]  nodegroup "ng-3fa00736" will use "" [AmazonLinux2/1.20]
2021-10-05 14:18:03 [ℹ]  using EC2 key pair %!q(*string=<nil>)
2021-10-05 14:18:03 [ℹ]  using Kubernetes version 1.20
2021-10-05 14:18:03 [ℹ]  creating EKS cluster "fusionauth-example" in "us-west-1" region with managed nodes
2021-10-05 14:18:03 [ℹ]  will create 2 separate CloudFormation stacks for cluster itself and the initial managed nodegroup
2021-10-05 14:18:03 [ℹ]  if you encounter any issues, check CloudFormation console or try 'eksctl utils describe-stacks --region=us-west-1 --cluster=fusionauth-example'
2021-10-05 14:18:03 [ℹ]  CloudWatch logging will not be enabled for cluster "fusionauth-example" in "us-west-1"
2021-10-05 14:18:03 [ℹ]  you can enable it with 'eksctl utils update-cluster-logging --enable-types={SPECIFY-YOUR-LOG-TYPES-HERE (e.g. all)} --region=us-west-1 --cluster=fusionauth-example'
2021-10-05 14:18:03 [ℹ]  Kubernetes API endpoint access will use default of {publicAccess=true, privateAccess=false} for cluster "fusionauth-example" in "us-west-1"
2021-10-05 14:18:03 [ℹ]  2 sequential tasks: { create cluster control plane "fusionauth-example", 3 sequential sub-tasks: { 4 sequential sub-tasks: { wait for control plane to become ready, associate IAM OIDC provider, 2 sequential sub-tasks: { create IAM role for serviceaccount "kube-system/aws-node", create serviceaccount "kube-system/aws-node" }, restart daemonset "kube-system/aws-node" }, 1 task: { create addons }, create managed nodegroup "ng-3fa00736" } }
2021-10-05 14:18:03 [ℹ]  building cluster stack "eksctl-fusionauth-example-cluster"
2021-10-05 14:18:04 [ℹ]  deploying stack "eksctl-fusionauth-example-cluster"
2021-10-05 14:31:07 [ℹ]  waiting for CloudFormation stack "eksctl-fusionauth-example-cluster"
2021-10-05 14:35:10 [ℹ]  building iamserviceaccount stack "eksctl-fusionauth-example-addon-iamserviceaccount-kube-system-aws-node"
2021-10-05 14:35:11 [ℹ]  deploying stack "eksctl-fusionauth-example-addon-iamserviceaccount-kube-system-aws-node"
2021-10-05 14:35:11 [ℹ]  waiting for CloudFormation stack "eksctl-fusionauth-example-addon-iamserviceaccount-kube-system-aws-node"
2021-10-05 14:35:27 [ℹ]  waiting for CloudFormation stack "eksctl-fusionauth-example-addon-iamserviceaccount-kube-system-aws-node"
2021-10-05 14:35:44 [ℹ]  waiting for CloudFormation stack "eksctl-fusionauth-example-addon-iamserviceaccount-kube-system-aws-node"
2021-10-05 14:35:45 [ℹ]  serviceaccount "kube-system/aws-node" already exists
2021-10-05 14:35:45 [ℹ]  updated serviceaccount "kube-system/aws-node"
2021-10-05 14:35:45 [ℹ]  daemonset "kube-system/aws-node" restarted
2021-10-05 14:37:46 [ℹ]  building managed nodegroup stack "eksctl-fusionauth-example-nodegroup-ng-3fa00736"
2021-10-05 14:37:46 [ℹ]  deploying stack "eksctl-fusionauth-example-nodegroup-ng-3fa00736"
2021-10-05 14:37:46 [ℹ]  waiting for CloudFormation stack "eksctl-fusionauth-example-nodegroup-ng-3fa00736"
2021-10-05 14:41:48 [ℹ]  waiting for the control plane availability...
2021-10-05 14:41:48 [✔]  saved kubeconfig as "/Users/brettguy/.kube/config"
2021-10-05 14:41:48 [ℹ]  no tasks
2021-10-05 14:41:48 [✔]  all EKS cluster resources for "fusionauth-example" have been created
2021-10-05 14:41:48 [ℹ]  nodegroup "ng-3fa00736" has 2 node(s)
2021-10-05 14:41:48 [ℹ]  node "ip-192-168-45-153.us-west-1.compute.internal" is ready
2021-10-05 14:41:48 [ℹ]  node "ip-192-168-91-228.us-west-1.compute.internal" is ready
2021-10-05 14:41:48 [ℹ]  waiting for at least 2 node(s) to become ready in "ng-3fa00736"
2021-10-05 14:41:48 [ℹ]  nodegroup "ng-3fa00736" has 2 node(s)
2021-10-05 14:41:48 [ℹ]  node "ip-192-168-45-153.us-west-1.compute.internal" is ready
2021-10-05 14:41:48 [ℹ]  node "ip-192-168-91-228.us-west-1.compute.internal" is ready
2021-10-05 14:43:50 [ℹ]  kubectl command should work with "/Users/myuser/.kube/config", try 'kubectl get nodes'
2021-10-05 14:43:50 [✔]  EKS cluster "fusionauth-example" in "us-west-1" region is ready
```

We now have a fully functional provisioned EKS cluster. You will need additional information, in particular the VPC Id, subnet Ids, and security group Id, all of which are used later in this guide. Use the CLI to describe our newly created cluster to retrieve this configuration data.

```shell title="Get cluster information"
aws eks describe-cluster --name fusionauth-example
```

```json title="Cluster information JSON output"
{
    "cluster": {
        "name": "fusionauth-example",
        "arn": "arn:aws:eks:us-west-1:<ACCOUNT_ID>:cluster/fusionauth-example",
        "createdAt": "2021-10-05T14:19:21.612000-06:00",
        "version": "1.20",
        "endpoint": "https://EC8E2DC8514200E91A4748FA6EE525A4.yl4.us-west-1.eks.amazonaws.com",
        "roleArn": "arn:aws:iam::<ACCOUNT_ID>:role/<role-name>",
        "resourcesVpcConfig": {
            "subnetIds": [
                "subnet-091347798a21eabe2",
                "subnet-0cb7540073e8b30aa",
                "subnet-052f8750345045581",
                "subnet-040e32678cf7a85da"
            ],
            "securityGroupIds": [
                "sg-00d13e92c29ed1ecf"
            ],
            "clusterSecurityGroupId": "sg-07cf61370371ba323",
            "vpcId": "vpc-08da2a4800ea6e0e2",
            "endpointPublicAccess": true,
            "endpointPrivateAccess": false,
            "publicAccessCidrs": [
                "0.0.0.0/0"
            ]
        },
        "kubernetesNetworkConfig": {
            "serviceIpv4Cidr": "10.100.0.0/16"
        }
    }
}
```

Note the VPC Id, subnet Ids, and security group Id.

Now review the Kubernetes nodes that have been created.
This is where `kubectl` comes in handy. Looking at the previous log, you will notice that one of the last things `eksctl` did was update the `~/.kube/config` file with the new cluster configuration. Go ahead and use `kubectl` to make requests to the Kubernetes API Server.

```shell title="Get EKS cluster nodes"
kubectl get nodes -o wide

NAME                                           STATUS   ROLES    AGE     VERSION              INTERNAL-IP      EXTERNAL-IP    OS-IMAGE         KERNEL-VERSION                CONTAINER-RUNTIME
ip-192-168-45-153.us-west-1.compute.internal   Ready    <none>   4m57s   v1.20.7-eks-135321   192.168.45.153   50.18.29.248   Amazon Linux 2   5.4.149-73.259.amzn2.x86_64   docker://20.10.7
ip-192-168-91-228.us-west-1.compute.internal   Ready    <none>   4m54s   v1.20.7-eks-135321   192.168.91.228   3.101.73.65    Amazon Linux 2   5.4.149-73.259.amzn2.x86_64   docker://20.10.7
```

Great! We have two instances in a `READY` status.

### Create a Database

Create a Postgres RDS instance required for FusionAuth installation. For simplicity, this database will be created in the same VPC and configured with the same security groups applied to the private subnets. Finally, you will modify the inbound rules to the security group to allow traffic on port 5432. This will enable our worker nodes to communicate with the database successfully!

Since an RDS instance needs to be assigned to a database subnet group, you may either assign it to an existing group with subnets in the same VPC or create a new one.
Here, you create a new subnet group using the subnets assigned to your cluster in the cluster creation step.

```shell title="Create DB subnet group"
aws rds create-db-subnet-group \
--db-subnet-group-name fusionauth-example-db-group \
--db-subnet-group-description "FusionAuth example database subnet group" \
--subnet-ids "subnet-091347798a21eabe2" "subnet-0cb7540073e8b30aa" "subnet-052f8750345045581" "subnet-040e32678cf7a85da"
```

Now create the database. Set <InlineField>db-subnet-group</InlineField> and <InlineField>vpc-security-group-ids</InlineField> to the values for the subnet Id and the VPC Id from the above creation steps.

```shell title="Create Postgresql DB instance"
aws rds create-db-instance \
    --db-instance-identifier fusionauth-eks-example \
    --allocated-storage 20 \
    --db-instance-class db.m6g.large \
    --engine postgres \
    --master-username postgres \
    --master-user-password changeMeToSomethingMoreSecure \
    --no-publicly-accessible \
    --vpc-security-group-ids sg-08b95dbacc02ba628 \
    --db-subnet-group fusionauth-example-db-group \
    --availability-zone us-west-1c \
    --port 5432
```

Add an inbound rule to the security group to allow nodes to access the database. Again, use the security group Id from above.

```shell title="Create inbound rule"
aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress \
    --group-id sg-08b95dbacc02ba628 \
    --protocol tcp \
    --port 5432 \
    --source-group sg-08b95dbacc02ba628
```

You are done! To confirm the database has been created, simply ask AWS using the <InlineField>db-instance-identifier</InlineField> used on the creation step.

<Aside type="note">
It may take a few minutes for the provisioning process to complete.
</Aside>

```shell title="Get DB instance information"
aws rds describe-db-instances --db-instance-identifier fusionauth-eks-example
```

The resulting output should contain an `Endpoint` attribute. This value will be necessary when configuring your FusionAuth deployment.

```json title="DB instance JSON output"
{
    "DBInstances": [
        {
            "DBInstanceIdentifier": "fusionauth-eks-example",
            "DBInstanceClass": "db.m6g.large",
            "Engine": "postgres",
            "DBInstanceStatus": "available",
            "MasterUsername": "postgres",
            "Endpoint": {
                "Address": "fusionauth-eks-example.sadkjl222.us-west-1.rds.amazonaws.com",
                "Port": 5432
            },
    ...
```

### Create an AWS Elasticsearch Domain

Define a policy that will enable EKS to talk to the Elasticsearch domain. Copy the following JSON, replacing the value for <InlineField>ACCOUNT_ID</InlineField>, to a local file and save it as `eks-policy.json`:

```json title="Policy JSON"
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Action": [
        "es:*"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:es:us-west-1:<ACCOUNT_ID>:domain/fusionauth-es",
      "Effect": "Allow"
    }
  ]
}
```

Create the policy:

```shell title="Create access policy"
aws iam create-policy \
--policy-name fusionauth-es-policy \
--policy-document file://eks-policy.json
```

Attach the policy to the service role that assigned to your EKS cluster:

```shell title="Assign policy to EKS role"
aws iam attach-role-policy \                                                                                                                                                                               ✔
  --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::<ACCOUNT_ID>:policy/fusionauth-es-policy \
  --role-name <role-name>
```

Create a domain access policy to be assigned to the new Elasticsearch cluster. Copy the following, replacing the value for <InlineField>ACCOUNT_ID</InlineField>, to a local file and save it as `access-policy.json`:

```json title="Create Elasticsearch domain access policy"
{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": {
        "AWS": "*"
      },
      "Action": "es:*",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:es:us-west-1:<ACCOUNT_ID>:domain/fusionauth-es/*"
    }
  ]
}
```

Create a new cluster, updating the subnet Ids and security group Ids:

```shell title="Create the Elasticsearch cluster"
aws es create-elasticsearch-domain \
--domain-name fusionauth-es-2 \
--elasticsearch-version 7.10 \
--elasticsearch-cluster-config InstanceType=m5.large.elasticsearch,InstanceCount=1 \
--vpc-options SubnetIds=subnet-040e32678cf7a85da,SecurityGroupIds=sg-08b95dbacc02ba628 \
--ebs-options EBSEnabled=true,VolumeType=standard,VolumeSize=10 \
--access-policies file://access-policy.json
```

## Next Steps

You now are running all the necessary infrastructure to deploy a containerized application to EKS.

Next up, [Deploy FusionAuth in Kubernetes](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/fusionauth-deployment).

It is recommended that you consult [Getting started with Amazon EKS](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/eks/latest/userguide/getting-started.html) for more EKS documentation, including needed customization for your situation.

# Deploy with k8s

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import TroubleshootingRuntimeModeMismatch from 'src/content/docs/get-started/download-and-install/_troubleshooting-runtime-modes-at-startup.mdx';

Kubernetes is an extensible and open-source container-orchestration system used for automating application deployments. Some of the most notable features it provides include self-healing, auto-scaling, and automated rollouts and rollbacks.

Since the Kubernetes container runtime supports [Docker](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/docker), FusionAuth [Docker](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/docker) containers can be deployed to any Kubernetes cluster.

The following guide demonstrates how to deploy FusionAuth containers using [kubectl](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/), the Kubernetes command-line tool that enables you to send commands to a cluster through the [API server](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kube-apiserver/).
You'll need a cluster running to work through this guide.

## Requirements

* `kubectl` - Command line tool that interacts with the Kubernetes API server and is useful for managing Kubernetes clusters. Before proceeding, follow the [installation documentation that corresponds to your platform](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/).
This guide will be using version `1.22`.
* `helm` - Package manager used for installing and managing Kubernetes applications. In this guide, you will be using a Helm chart to install FusionAuth on our Kubernetes cluster. For more information, see [Installing Helm](https://helm.sh/docs/intro/install/).
This guide will be using version `3.6.4`.
* An available Kubernetes cluster. If you need to set up a cluster, we have provided the below installation guides for both local development environments and the major cloud providers. Each provides step-by-step instructions intended to get you up and running as fast as possible.
  * [Local setup using minikube](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/minikube)
  * [Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS)](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/eks)
  * [Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/gke)
  * [Microsoft Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS)](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/aks)

## Adding the Helm Chart Repository

To get started, the first thing to do is add the FusionAuth Helm Chart repository. This can be done with the following.

```shell title="Add a chart repository"
helm repo add fusionauth https://fusionauth.github.io/charts
```

To view the list of repositories that you have added use the following command:

```plaintext title="List chart repositories"
helm repo list
```

```plaintext title="Output from listing chart repositories"
NAME      	URL
fusionauth	https://fusionauth.github.io/charts
```

To search repositories:

```shell title="Search chart repositories"
helm search repo fusionauth
```

```shell title="Output from search"
NAME                 	CHART VERSION	APP VERSION	DESCRIPTION
fusionauth/fusionauth	0.10.5       	1.30.1     	Helm chart for fusionauth
```

## Helm Chart Configuration

Before you install, configure the `values.yaml` file contents used by the Helm Chart. The majority of the values for this chart have defaults recommended by FusionAuth but you will want to review and modify the configuration to meet your specific requirements.

To update this file, first download it:

```shell title="Download chart values"
curl -o values.yaml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/charts/main/chart/values.yaml
```

Open `values.yaml` with your favorite text editor and modify it. This guide covers configuration values which must be updated to deploy FusionAuth. You should review the entire configuration to understand all the possible options.

### Replicas

The <InlineField>replicaCount</InlineField> value indicates the number of instances of FusionAuth to run in a [ReplicaSet](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicaset/).
Kubernetes will monitor the cluster to ensure that this number of instances of FusionAuth is running at all times.

By default, the <InlineField>replicaCount</InlineField> value is set to `1` which typically works well for development and testing environments, but you will likely want to adjust this based on your system and application requirements.

```yaml title="Replica count example configuration"
# replicaCount -- The number of fusionauth-app instances to run
replicaCount: 1
```

### Docker Image

The most current helm chart will always point to the latest version of FusionAuth.
For this guide, FusionAuth version `1.30.1` is used.
You can update this to any released version you'd like.
You can find the [list of FusionAuth releases here](https://hub.docker.com/r/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/tags).

```yaml title="Image configuration example"
image:
  # image.repository -- The name of the docker repository for fusionauth-app
  repository: fusionauth/fusionauth-app
  # image.repository -- The docker tag to pull for fusionauth-app
  tag: latest
```

### Extra Containers

You may want to inject a sidecar or ambassador container.
This is useful if you want to, for instance, proxy requests to FusionAuth to put it at a different path or limit the IP addresses which have access to the administrative user interface.
You can do this with the `extraContainers` value.
Containers defined here will be added to the FusionAuth pod.

```yaml title="Default extraContainers"
extraContainers: []
```

```yaml title="extraContainers with an nginx sidecar"
extraContainers:
  - name: my-sidecar
    image: nginx:latest
```

You can find [community contributed proxy configurations here](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-contrib).

### Database Configuration

Now, configure the database connection. Each of our FusionAuth pods will use this configuration when communicating with the database.

The following is an example of the `database` configuration section in `values.yaml`:

```yaml title="Database and search example configuration"
database:
  # database.protocol -- Should either be postgresql or mysql. Protocol for jdbc connection to database
  protocol: postgresql
  # database.host -- Hostname or ip of the database instance
  host: ""
  # database.host -- Port of the database instance
  port: 5432
  # database.tls -- Configures whether or not to use tls when connecting to the database
  tls: false
  # database.tlsMode -- If tls is enabled, this configures the mode
  tlsMode: require
  # database.name -- Name of the fusionauth database
  name: fusionauth

  # To use an existing secret, set `existingSecret` to the name of the secret. We expect at most two keys: `password` is required. `rootpassword` is only required if `database.root.user` is set.
  # database.existingSecret -- The name of an existing secret that contains the database passwords
  existingSecret: ""
  # database.user -- Database username for fusionauth to use in normal operation
  user: ""
  # database.password -- Database password for fusionauth to use in normal operation - not required if database.existingSecret is configured
  password: ""
  # These credentials are used for bootstrapping the database and creating it if needed. This can be useful for ephemeral clusters used for testing and dev.
  root:
    # database.root.user -- Database username for fusionauth to use during initial bootstrap - not required if you have manually bootstrapped your database
    user: ""
    # database.root.password -- Database password for fusionauth to use during initial bootstrap - not required if database.existingSecret is configured
    password: ""

search:
  # search.engine -- Defines backend for fusionauth search capabilities. Valid values for engine are 'elasticsearch' or 'database'.
  engine: elasticsearch
  # search.engine -- Protocol to use when connecting to elasticsearch. Ignored when search.engine is NOT elasticsearch
  protocol: http
  # search.host -- Hostname or ip to use when connecting to elasticsearch. Ignored when search.engine is NOT elasticsearch
  host: ""
  # search.port -- Port to use when connecting to elasticsearch. Ignored when search.engine is NOT elasticsearch
  port: 9200
  # search.user -- Username to use with basic auth when connecting to elasticsearch. Ignored when search.engine is NOT elasticsearch
  user: ""
  # search.password -- Password to use with basic auth when connecting to elasticsearch. Ignored when search.engine is NOT elasticsearch
  password: ""
```

For this guide, the following attributes need to be retrieved from your database and Elasticsearch deployments and updated in your `values.yaml` configuration.

<Aside type="note">
FusionAuth requires an external database and, optionally an external Elasticsearch cluster.
Setting these up is outside of the scope of this document.

Consult the setup guides for instructions for AWS, GCP, and more.
</Aside>

* `database.host`
* `database.root.user`
* `database.root.password`

The FusionAuth standard user will be created with the credentials provided here when you install the FusionAuth helm chart.

* `database.user`
* `database.password`

If <InlineField>search.engine</InlineField> is set to `elasticsearch`:

* `search.host`

Additionally, you may set these values if a username/password are needed to access Elasticsearch (these are not required for this tutorial):

* `search.user`
* `search.password`

If you don't want to provide the `database.root.user` and `database.root.password` to allow FusionAuth to set up the database itself, you can also follow the [advanced database installation guide](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/fusionauth-app#advanced-installation) which lets you set up the database out of band.

## Deploy FusionAuth To the Cluster

Now that `values.yaml` is updated, it is time to install the chart on the cluster. The `helm install` command is used to install a chart by name and can be applied using the syntax:

```shell title="Helm install format"
helm install [CHART NAME] [CHART] [flags]
```

Here you will install a chart including the `-f` flag to override the default values.

```shell title="Install the FusionAuth chart"
helm install my-release fusionauth/fusionauth -f values.yaml
```

<Aside type="note">
You can apply override values by modifying the `values.yaml` configuration that you pass when installing a chart or by using the `--set` flag on the command line.
Using `--set` can be useful when developing scripts or command line tools. Either method is acceptable.
</Aside>

If the previous command was successful, you should see output similar to the following:

```plaintext title="Example output"
NAME: my-release
LAST DEPLOYED: Sun Oct 10 19:23:41 2021
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
NOTES:
1. Get the application URL by running these commands:
  export SVC_NAME=$(kubectl get svc --namespace default -l "app.kubernetes.io/name=fusionauth,app.kubernetes.io/instance=my-release" -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}")
  echo "Visit http://127.0.0.1:9011 to use your application"
  kubectl port-forward svc/$SVC_NAME 9011:9011
```

You can get the status of your deployment with `kubectl`.

```shell title="Get a list of deployments running on the cluster"
kubectl get deployments -o wide
```

```plaintext title="Output"
NAME                    READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE     CONTAINERS   IMAGES                             SELECTOR
my-release-fusionauth   1/1     1            1           4m16s   fusionauth   fusionauth/fusionauth-app:1.30.1   app.kubernetes.io/instance=my-release,app.kubernetes.io/name=fusionauth
```

As instructed by the success message output above, you can create a proxy enabling you to connect to the cluster from `localhost`:

```shell title="Setup port-forwarding proxy"
export SVC_NAME=$(kubectl get svc --namespace default -l "app.kubernetes.io/name=fusionauth,app.kubernetes.io/instance=my-release" -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}")
  echo "Visit http://127.0.0.1:9011 to use your application"
  kubectl port-forward svc/$SVC_NAME 9011:9011
```

```plaintext title="Example output of kubectl proxying command"
Forwarding from 127.0.0.1:9011 -> 9011
```

Navigate to `http://localhost:9011` and you will land on the FusionAuth Setup Wizard. For a complete tutorial walking you through the initial FusionAuth configuration, see [Setup Wizard & First Login](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/setup/).

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/fa-initial-config.png" alt="FusionAuth bootstrap" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

## Create an Ingress

If you want to connect FusionAuth with an external network, the last thing you need to do is to configure the cluster to be able to receive external requests. You might do this if you were using FusionAuth to authenticate users connecting to applications from the internet. On the other hand, you might not do this if you were using FusionAuth solely within your kubernetes cluster.

To direct external traffic to your cluster, you will use an [Ingress](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/), a component that defines how external traffic should be handled, and an [Ingress Controller](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress-controllers/) that implements those rules.

### Deploy an Ingress Resource

Create a file named `ingress.yaml` and copy and paste the following resource configuration:

```yaml title="Ingress resource configuration"
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: my-release-fusionauth
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: fusionauth
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: my-release-fusionauth
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx
spec:
  rules:
  - http:
      paths:
      - backend:
          service:
            name: my-release-fusionauth
            port:
              number: 9011
        path: /
        pathType: Prefix
```

The rules for this Ingress resource indicate that requests from the root path context, or `/`, should be directed to the `my-release-fusionauth` service.

Now apply this configuration on the cluster:

```shell title="Apply Ingress resource"
kubectl apply -f ./ingress.yaml
```

### Install an Ingress Controller

For this guide, you will use the NGINX Ingress controller. To install the Ingress controller, add the [nginx-ingress](https://artifacthub.io/packages/helm/ingress-nginx/ingress-nginx) repository and install the Helm chart by running the following commands:

```shell title="Add ingress-nginx chart repository"
helm repo add ingress-nginx https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx
```

```shell title="Install ingress-nginx chart"
helm install fa-loadbalancer ingress-nginx/ingress-nginx
```

When completed, get the active services running on the cluster:

```shell title="Get services information"
kubectl get services
```

```plaintext title="Services response output"
NAME                                            TYPE           CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP                                                                  PORT(S)                      AGE
fusionauth-ingress-nginx-controller             LoadBalancer   10.100.246.131   a4413292c6477456b8c1cde8f5260513-137482286.us-west-1.elb.amazonaws.com       80:30048/TCP,443:32484/TCP   37m
```

A new service will be available of type `LoadBalancer` and will contain an external IP or host name corresponding to a newly provisioned Elastic Load Balancer host name. External traffic will now be directed to the Kubernetes cluster via this ingress.

<Aside type="note">
If you have completed this tutorial using minikube, you can access the ingress by creating a network route to your cluster by executing the command `minikube tunnel`. For documentation on this, see [Using minikube tunnel](https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/handbook/accessing/#using-minikube-tunnel).
</Aside>

Congratulations! You now have a fully functional Kubernetes environment running FusionAuth.

## Troubleshooting

### Runtime Mode Mismatch

<TroubleshootingRuntimeModeMismatch />

## Next Steps

To learn more about Kubernetes, here are a few recommended links to help you administer your cluster.

* [Kubernetes Concepts](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/)
* [Configuration Best Practices](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/overview/)
* [Helm documentation](https://helm.sh/docs/)

# Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)

import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Kubectl from 'src/content/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/_kubectl.mdx';

This guide will show you how to set up a GKE cluster on Google Cloud Platform, commonly referred to as GCP. When completed, you will have a fully functional Kubernetes cluster ready to deploy FusionAuth to as well as a PostgreSQL database using GCP's Cloud SQL.
The following method uses the default settings when provisioning the GKE cluster with the required resources and services. It is recommended that you consult [Google Kubernetes Engine](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs) for full GKE documentation, including any custom changes needed for your situation.

## Requirements

* [Google Cloud Platform](https://console.cloud.google.com/) account with sufficient IAM permissions to create resources.
* `gcloud` - Command Line tool used to manage resources in Google Cloud. For installation instructions, see [Installing Cloud SDK](https://cloud.google.com/sdk/docs/install).
<Kubectl />

## Architecture

The resulting GKE cluster will use a VPC-native cluster in the `us-west1` region of which consists of three availability zones (`us-west1-a`, `us-west1-b`, and `us-west1-c`). You will provision a Cloud SQL PostgreSQL instance to satisfy installation requirements of FusionAuth.

GCP provides a number of configuration options designed to meet specific needs based on cluster availability and workload types. For this example, you will use the [Standard mode of operation](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/concepts/cluster-architecture).

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/gke-architecture.png" alt="GKE Architecture" width="1200" />

## Project Setup

<Aside type="tip">
Each of these commands can take anywhere from a few seconds to a few minutes to run. It can also take several minutes for the propagation to appear in the Google Cloud Console. Be patient and refresh your browser when checking for verification.
</Aside>

Having installed the [Cloud SDK](https://cloud.google.com/sdk/docs/install), authorize `gcloud` to access GCP using your Google credentials:

```shell title="Authorize gcloud"
gcloud auth login
```

Now create a new project used to organize all of your Google Cloud resources:

<Aside type="tip">
If you get an error when trying to create the project stating "Project creation failed. The project Id you specified is already in use by another project. Please try an alternative ID.", you may need to choose a new id such as fusionauth-gke-example-9876.  Be sure then to replace the Id you use in all the subsequent commands.
</Aside>

```shell title="Create a project"
gcloud projects create fusionauth-gke-example \
  --name="FusionAuth GKE example"
```

You will want to set the newly created project as your default project. When you create resources and enable APIs, they will be assigned to your default project:

```shell title="Set the default project"
gcloud config set project fusionauth-gke-example
```

```plaintext title="Output of the default project selection command"
Create in progress for [https://cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com/v1/projects/fusionauth-gke-example].
Waiting for [operations/cp.999999999156305912] to finish...done.
Enabling service [cloudapis.googleapis.com] on project [fusionauth-gke-example]...
```

### Enable Billing

In order to proceed, you will need to enable and link billing for your project. To do this:

1. Navigate to the [GCP Console](https://console.cloud.google.com/).
2. From the navigation menu, select <Breadcrumb>Billing</Breadcrumb>.
3. Verify that billing is enabled for your project. If it's not, follow the prompts to link a billing to your project.

### Enable Required APIs

Enable the [Kubernetes Engine API](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/reference/rest). This will allow you to make a service request to the API to create your GKE cluster:

```shell title="Enable Kubernetes Engine API"
gcloud services enable container.googleapis.com
```

You will need to enable the [Cloud SQL API](https://cloud.google.com/sql/docs/mysql/admin-api) in order to create a PostgreSQL database. Run the following command to do this:

```shell title="Enable Cloud SQL API"
gcloud services enable sqladmin.googleapis.com
```

In order for our GKE cluster to communicate with PostgreSQL and Elasticsearch on internal IP addresses, the [Service Networking API](https://cloud.google.com/service-infrastructure/docs/service-networking/getting-started) must be enabled:

```shell title="Enable Cloud SQL API"
gcloud services enable servicenetworking.googleapis.com \
    --project=fusionauth-gke-example
```

### Configure the Network

Allocate an IP address range for private communication on your VPC:

```shell title="Create a private IP address range"
gcloud compute addresses create fusionauth-private-range \
  --global \
  --purpose=VPC_PEERING \
  --addresses=192.168.0.0 \
  --prefix-length=16 \
  --description="Fusionauth private IP range for GKE and SQL" \
  --network=default
```

In order for GKE to communicate with Cloud SQL and Elasticsearch over a private network you need to create a private connection from your VPC network to the underlying service producer network.

```shell title="Create a private connection"
gcloud services vpc-peerings connect \
  --service=servicenetworking.googleapis.com \
  --ranges=fusionauth-private-range \
  --network=default \
  --project=fusionauth-gke-example
```

## Create a GKE Cluster

With your project configured, billing enabled, and the Kubernetes Engine API enabled, you can proceed to create your GKE cluster.

To create a new cluster, execute the following.

```shell title="Create GKE cluster"
gcloud container clusters create fusionauth-cluster \
  --num-nodes=1 \
  --region=us-west1 \
  --enable-ip-alias \
  --cluster-version=1.30.8-gke.1051000 \
  --cluster-ipv4-cidr=10.44.0.0/14 \
  --services-ipv4-cidr=10.48.0.0/20 \
  --labels=goog-partner-solution=isol_plb32_001kf000012eawziay_hgq452iixrlzpeddhfr5gp4uxglz5lvn
```

* `num-nodes` - The number of nodes to be created in each zone. In this example, you specify the region of which consists of three zones. Therefore you will have a total of `3` nodes.
* `region` - The region to create the cluster.
* `enable-ip-alias` - Indicates to create a [VPC-native cluster](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/concepts/alias-ips). This greatly simplifies network connectivity when communicating with the database by making pod IP addresses natively routable within the cluster's VPC network.
* `cluster-version` - The Kubernetes version to use. \[optional\]
* `cluster-ipv4-cidr` - Used to create the subnet's secondary IP address range for Pods. \[optional\]
* `service-ip-range` - Used to create the subnet's secondary IP address range for Services. \[optional\]
* `labels` - FusionAuth's identifier in the Google Cloud Marketplace program. This is a static value and you use the exact values shown here. \[optional\]

<Aside type="tip">
If you receive an error message stating "Master version '1.30.8-gke.1051000' is unsupported.", please see the Google documentation for [currently supported versions](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/release-notes).
</Aside>

For more information on the [create](https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/container/clusters/create) command, see [gcloud container clusters create](https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/container/clusters/create) documentation.

### Update Kubernetes Configuration

If [the create operation](https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/container/clusters/create) completed successfully, the last thing it will do is update your local `~/.kube` file. If that didn't happen for whatever reason, `gcloud` provides the following to update your configuration and set the newly created cluster as the active context. This will let you use `kubectl` to access your cluster.

```shell title="Get and update Kubeconfig"
gcloud container clusters get-credentials fusionauth-cluster
```

### Verify Cluster Configuration

Execute the [list](https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/container/clusters/list) command to see GKE clusters that have been configured.

```shell title="Get cluster information"
gcloud container clusters list
```

```shell title="Cluster list results"
NAME                LOCATION  MASTER_VERSION   MASTER_IP     MACHINE_TYPE  NODE_VERSION     NUM_NODES  STATUS
fusionauth-cluster  us-west1  1.21.4-gke.2300  34.83.218.38  e2-medium     1.21.4-gke.2300  3          RUNNING
```

You now have a fully functional provisioned EKS cluster. For good measure, view the nodes that have been created.
Use `kubectl` to make requests to the Kubernetes API Server.

```shell title="Get list of nodes running on the cluster"
kubectl get nodes -o wide
```

```shell title="Get nodes results"
NAME                                                STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION            INTERNAL-IP   EXTERNAL-IP      OS-IMAGE                             KERNEL-VERSION   CONTAINER-RUNTIME
gke-fusionauth-cluster-default-pool-2a2e7af5-nrrb   Ready    <none>   66m   v1.21.4-gke.2300   10.138.0.23   35.203.183.157   Container-Optimized OS from Google   5.4.120+         containerd://1.4.4
gke-fusionauth-cluster-default-pool-30c935b6-0mt4   Ready    <none>   66m   v1.21.4-gke.2300   10.138.0.24   35.185.202.53    Container-Optimized OS from Google   5.4.120+         containerd://1.4.4
gke-fusionauth-cluster-default-pool-431a5f55-rf11   Ready    <none>   66m   v1.21.4-gke.2300   10.138.0.22   34.145.99.163    Container-Optimized OS from Google   5.4.120+         containerd://1.4.4
```

Great! You have three nodes in a `READY` status. You can proceed to setting up a database.

## Create a Database

Create a SQL Cloud PostgreSQL instance required for FusionAuth installation.

```shell title="Create Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL instance"
gcloud beta sql instances create fusionauth-test-db \
  --project=fusionauth-gke-example \
  --database-version=POSTGRES_12 \
  --tier=db-g1-small  \
  --region=us-west1 \
  --network=default \
  --no-assign-ip
```

* `project` - The Id of the shared VPC service.
* `database-version` - Database engine type and version. See FusionAuth supported databases [here](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/reference/system-requirements#database).
* `tier` - Machine type for a shared-core instance.
* `region` - The region to create the cluster.
* `network` - Network in the current project that the instance will be part of.
* `no-assign-ip` - Disables assignment of a public IP address.

For more information on the [create](https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/beta/sql/instances/create) command, see [gcloud beta SQL instances create](https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/beta/sql/instances/create) documentation.

### Configure the Default User

Google cloud SQL requires that you execute the following to configure the `postgres` user.

```shell title="Set admin user password"
gcloud sql users set-password postgres \
  --instance=fusionauth-test-db \
  --password=changeMeToSomethingMoreSecure
```

### Verify Database Creation

```shell title="Get list of Cloud SQL instances in the current project"
gcloud sql instances list
```

```shell title="List Cloud SQL instances results"
NAME                 DATABASE_VERSION  LOCATION    TIER               PRIMARY_ADDRESS  PRIVATE_ADDRESS  STATUS
fusionauth-test-db3  POSTGRES_12       us-west1-a  db-g1-small        -                10.50.144.5      RUNNABLE
```

## Configure Search Engine

There are two options available to configure search in FusionAuth. The first is a simple search through the database search engine and the second is the Elasticsearch engine. For more details on the differences, please see [Search And FusionAuth](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search).

### Database Search

The database search is the easiest to configure. To use this option, no additional configuration needs to occur at this point.  However, after completing provisioning the Google Kubernetes Engine Cluster instructions, there are additional [steps required](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/gke#next-steps). One of those steps is setting configuration values in a `values.yaml` file. To use the database search engine, you will set the `engine` value under `search` in the `values.yaml` to `database`.

```yaml
search:
  # search.engine -- Defines backend for fusionauth search capabilities. Valid values for engine are 'elasticsearch' or 'database'.
  engine: database
```

### Deploy Elasticsearch using Elastic Cloud

To use the Elasticsearch engine, Google Cloud offers its Elasticsearch Service through Elastic Cloud. This section will guide you through setting up your account and deploying an Elasticsearch cluster.

From the navigation menu in the GCP console, click on [Elasticsearch Service](https://console.cloud.google.com/marketplace/product/endpoints/elasticsearch-service.gcpmarketplace.elastic.co) and then click the <InlineUIElement>Enable</InlineUIElement> button. Follow the instructions on the next screen to set up a new Elastic Cloud subscription.

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/es-enable.png" alt="Elasticsearch service enable subscription screen" width="1200" role="top-cropped bottom-cropped" />

After you have set up a subscription you will land on the [GCP Elasticsearch Service Overview](https://console.cloud.google.com/apis/api/elasticsearch-service.gcpmarketplace.elastic.co/) page. From here, click on the <InlineUIElement>Manage Via Elastic</InlineUIElement> button near the top of the window.

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/es-manage-via.png" alt="GCP Elasticsearch service screen" width="1200" role="top-cropped bottom-cropped" />

This will redirect you to the [Elastic Cloud](https://cloud.elastic.co/home) website. Login to [Elastic Cloud](https://cloud.elastic.co/home) using your Google account credentials.

After logging in, you will arrive at your Elastic Cloud dashboard. To begin creating a new Elasticsearch cluster, click on the <InlineUIElement>Create deployment</InlineUIElement> button.

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/es-cloud-dashboard.png" alt="Elastic Cloud dashboard screen" width="1200" role="top-cropped bottom-cropped" />

Input a name for your deployment and again click on <InlineUIElement>Create deployment</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/es-create-deployment.png" alt="Create deployment screen" width="1200" role="top-cropped bottom-cropped" />

At this point, your deployment is now being created. You will be presented with deployment credentials on the next page. Download or save your credentials as instructed.

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/es-save-credentials.png" alt="Save credentials screen" width="1200" role="top-cropped bottom-cropped" />

When your deployment creation process is complete, click on the <InlineUIElement>Continue</InlineUIElement> button. You will then be directed to your Elastic Cloud dashboard and will see your new deployment listed.

Click on the name of your deployment to manage it.

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/es-cloud-dashboard-2.png" alt="Elastic Cloud dashboard with deployment screen" width="1200" role="top-cropped bottom-cropped" />

From this dashboard, you have access to all of the necessary endpoint information you will need to connect to your deployment.

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/es-dashboard.png" alt="Elastic Cloud deployment dashboard screen" width="1200" role="top-cropped bottom-cropped" />

Under **Applications**, click on the <InlineUIElement>Copy endpoint</InlineUIElement> link next to <InlineUIElement>Elasticsearch</InlineUIElement> to copy the URL to your clipboard. You will need to save this URL for use when [deploying FusionAuth](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/fusionauth-deployment) to your GKE cluster.

## Next Steps

You now are running all the necessary infrastructure to deploy a containerized application to GKE.

<Aside type="note" title="Additional GKE Configuration">
 There is an additional configuration value when running the next steps for running in a cluster on the GKE. In the Deploy FusionAuth in Kubernetes instructions below, there is a [Helm Chart Configuraiton](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/fusionauth-deployment#helm-chart-configuration) section. In addition to following the directions given in that section, you will need to update an additional section of the `values.yaml` file. You will need to find the section for the `podLabels` and replace it with the following:

 ```yaml title="Additional podLabels configuration"
podLabels: {
    goog-partner-solution: isol_plb32_001kf000012eawziay_hgq452iixrlzpeddhfr5gp4uxglz5lvn
}
```
This allows the pod to be associated with FusionAuth in the Google Cloud Marketplace program. This is a static value and you will use the exact values shown here.
</Aside>

Next up, [Deploy FusionAuth in Kubernetes](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/fusionauth-deployment).

# Kubernetes

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';

The following set of guides are designed to help you get FusionAuth up and running in a Kubernetes cluster as quickly and easily as possible.
Step-by-step instructions are provided on how to setup all of the required infrastructure for your local development machine or favorite cloud provider:

* [minikube Setup](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/minikube)
* [Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS)](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/eks)
* [Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/gke)
* [Microsoft Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS)](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/aks)

Each setup guide provides instructions on provisioning a Kubernetes cluster specific to the provider. Since FusionAuth requires a database, instructions on creating a managed PostgreSQL database are also included. For required version information, please review the [general FusionAuth System requirements](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/reference/system-requirements).

If you already have your Kubernetes platform setup, the [Deploy FusionAuth to Kubernetes](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/fusionauth-deployment) guide demonstrates how to configure and deploy FusionAuth to your cluster.

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/kubernetes-arch-overview.png" alt="title=FusionAuth and Kubernetes architecture overview" width="1200" />

<Aside type="note">
While databases can be deployed in Kubernetes using [Stateful Sets](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/statefulset/), using managed services such as [Amazon RDS](https://aws.amazon.com/rds/) or [Google Cloud SQL](https://cloud.google.com/sql) are the preferred option as maintenance tasks like scaling, backups, and patching are handled for you.
</Aside>

Instructions are also provided in each guide on how to setup Elasticsearch. Using Elasticsearch is optional and can be configured accordingly prior to deploying FusionAuth.

## Istio

Community provided [Istio configurations can be found here](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-contrib/tree/main/kubernetes/istio).

Here's a sample, community-contributed, Istio configuration file.

<RemoteCode lang="yaml" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-contrib/main/kubernetes/istio/fusionauth-all-in-one.yaml" />

# Local Cluster with minikube

import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import PodReady from 'src/content/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/_pod-ready.mdx';

Having the capability to deploy applications in a local Kubernetes environment allows engineers to quickly develop, test, and demo without the operational overhead of a full-blown cluster. This is precisely what [minikube](https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs) is designed for by creating a single-node cluster within a virtual machine.

This guide will show you how to install and configure minikube and then install FusionAuth, including the required PostgreSQL database and Elasticsearch, on your minikube cluster.

**Figure 1** shows an example of the minikube configuration that you will create. The cluster will consist of three [Replica Sets](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicaset/), one for each deployment of Elasticsearch, Postgresql, and FusionAuth. Each will have one [Pod](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/), with the exception of Elasticsearch which will have three. You could scale it down to one pod, but for simplicity, you will use the default settings for the Elasticsearch chart.
Each deployment exposes a [Service](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/) which exposes each application as a network service.
Finally, you will use an [Ingress Controller](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress-controllers/) of type [Load Balancer](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress-controllers/) that allows external traffic, or in this case, traffic from `localhost` to the cluster.

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/fa-minikube.png" alt="title=Example Kubernetes configuration in minikube" FusionAuth Minikube Architecture="undefined" width="1200" />

## Requirements

Before you begin, you will need to have the following installed.

* [Docker Desktop](https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/) - The virtual machine environment you will use to run minikube.
* `helm` - Package manager used for installing and managing Kubernetes applications. In this guide, you will be using a Helm chart to install FusionAuth, a Postgresql database, and Elasticsearch cluster. For more information, see [Installing Helm](https://helm.sh/docs/intro/install/).
* `kubectl` - Command line tool that interacts with the Kubernetes API server and is useful for managing Kubernetes clusters. Before proceeding, follow the installation documentation that corresponds to your platform found [here](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/).

## Install minikube

Navigate to [minikube start](https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/start/) and complete step one by selecting the options that apply to your local machine.

For example, if you are running on `macOS` with `x86-64` architecture, Homebrew is a popular <InlineField>installer type</InlineField>:

```shell title="Install minikube"
brew install minikube
```

### Start minikube

Since you will be deploying multiple applications, you will want to start minikube using some additional resource considerations.

<Aside type="caution">
Before proceeding, make sure Docker Desktop has sufficient resources allocated. These settings can be found in Docker Desktop by navigating to *Preferences* and then clicking on *Resources* in the side menu bar. You need to have at least as much memory allocated to Docker Desktop as you give to minikube below.
</Aside>

Start minikube by additionally specifying <InlineField>cpus</InlineField> and <InlineField>memory</InlineField>.

```shell title="Start minikube"
minikube start --cpus 4 --memory 5g
```

<Aside type="note">
This minikube setting is a general recommendation that has been tested for this guide based on resource requirements of FusionAuth, Postgresql, and Elasticsearch.
</Aside>

When the command finishes, it will configure `kubectl` to point to the minikube cluster. You can confirm this by checking the status:

```shell title="Get minikube status"
minikube status

minikube
type: Control Plane
host: Running
kubelet: Running
apiserver: Running
kubeconfig: Configured
```

Or by running the `kubectl` command to view pods running on the cluster. Use the `-A` or `--all-namespaces` to list all pods deployed to the cluster.
Since you have not deployed anything yet, only pods in the `kube-system` namespace will be returned:

```shell title="Get all pods deployed on the cluster"
kubectl get pods -A

NAMESPACE     NAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS       AGE
kube-system   coredns-78fcd69978-tr4jt           1/1     Running   0              9m38s
kube-system   etcd-minikube                      1/1     Running   0              9m53s
kube-system   kube-apiserver-minikube            1/1     Running   0              9m51s
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-minikube   1/1     Running   0              9m54s
kube-system   kube-proxy-2h8b2                   1/1     Running   0              9m38s
kube-system   kube-scheduler-minikube            1/1     Running   0              9m51s
kube-system   storage-provisioner                1/1     Running   1 (9m8s ago)   9m50s
```

## Deploy PostgreSQL

Start by adding the bitnami helm repository that contains the Postgresql chart:

```shell title="Add PostgreSQL chart repository"
helm repo add bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami
```

To list all of the Helm repositories that you have added, execute this command:

```shell title="List chart repositories"
helm repo list
```

The resulting output will display the chart you just added and any other helm charts that you may have added previously.

```shell title="Output"
NAME      	URL
bitnami   	https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami
```

Install the chart using the `helm` command. Set the <InlineField>postgresqlPassword</InlineField> value using the `set` flag for the `postgres` user. In this example, the <InlineField>release</InlineField> field is set to `pg-minikube`:

```shell title="Install the postgresql chart"
helm install pg-minikube --set auth.postgresPassword=<your-postgres-password> bitnami/postgresql
```

Setting the password is optional. A password will be generated automatically if you do not set one.

When completed successfully, the output will contain some useful information about your deployment:

```plaintext title="Output of PostgreSQL creation command"
** Please be patient while the chart is being deployed **

PostgreSQL can be accessed via port 5432 on the following DNS names from within your cluster:

    pg-minikube-postgresql.default.svc.cluster.local - Read/Write connection

To get the password for "postgres" run:

    export POSTGRES_PASSWORD=$(kubectl get secret --namespace default pg-minikube-postgresql -o jsonpath="{.data.postgresql-password}" | base64 --decode)

To connect to your database run the following command:

    kubectl run pg-minikube-postgresql-client --rm --tty -i --restart='Never' --namespace default --image docker.io/bitnami/postgresql:11.13.0-debian-10-r40 --env="PGPASSWORD=$POSTGRES_PASSWORD" --command -- psql --host pg-minikube-postgresql -U postgres -d postgres -p 5432

To connect to your database from outside the cluster execute the following commands:

    kubectl port-forward --namespace default svc/pg-minikube-postgresql 5432:5432 &
    PGPASSWORD="$POSTGRES_PASSWORD" psql --host 127.0.0.1 -U postgres -d postgres -p 5432
```

When you deploy FusionAuth, you will need to use the DNS name `pg-minikube-postgresql.default.svc.cluster.local` as seen above and the postgres user password generated or specified during the postgres helm chart installation.

```plaintext title="Export the Postgres password"
export POSTGRES_PASSWORD=$(kubectl get secret --namespace default pg-minikube-postgresql -o jsonpath="{.data.postgresql-password}" | base64 --decode)
```

If you did not set a password when installing `pg-minikube`, use the command below to display the value of the `POSTGRES_PASSWORD` environment variable.

```plaintext title="Display your password"
echo $POSTGRES_PASSWORD
```

You can also test your deployment by attempting to connect to the database.

```plaintext title="Connect to the database"
kubectl run pg-minikube-postgresql-client --rm --tty -i --restart='Never' --namespace default --image docker.io/bitnami/postgresql:11.13.0-debian-10-r40 --env="PGPASSWORD=$POSTGRES_PASSWORD" --command -- psql --host pg-minikube-postgresql -U postgres -d postgres -p 5432
```

You can also verify the `pg-minikube-postgresql` pod by again retrieving pods with `kubectl`. The following command requests pods in the `default` namespace with output (`-o`) containing additional information such as <InlineField>IP Address</InlineField>:

```shell title="Get pods in the default namespace"
kubectl get pods -n default -o wide
```

The resulting output will show `1/1` pg-minikube-postgresql pod in a `READY` state:

```shell title="Output"
NAME                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP           NODE       NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
pg-minikube-postgresql-0   1/1     Running   0          8m33s   172.17.0.3   minikube   <none>           <none>
```

<PodReady />

You can also retrieve active services on the cluster. A Kubernetes [Service](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/) exposes applications running on a pod as a network service. The following command will display the new service exposing the Postgresql application with an IP address running on port `5432`:

```shell title="Get services"
kubectl get services -n default

NAME                              TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
kubernetes                        ClusterIP   10.96.0.1        <none>        443/TCP    82m
pg-minikube-postgresql            ClusterIP   10.108.174.128   <none>        5432/TCP   27m
pg-minikube-postgresql-headless   ClusterIP   None             <none>        5432/TCP   27m
```

In addition to the `pg-minikube-postgresql` service, you will see another service with the name `kubernetes`. This service is responsible for directing traffic to the Kubernetes API server.

<Aside type="note">
You also might have noticed the additional postgresql service `pg-minikube-postgresql-headless`. This is what is known in Kubernetes as a [Headless Service](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#headless-services). To read more about these types of services, see the official Kubernetes documentation [here](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#headless-services).
</Aside>

## Deploy Elasticsearch

Start by adding the [Elasticsearch Helm Chart](https://artifacthub.io/packages/helm/elastic/elasticsearch) repository by running this command:

```shell title="Add Elasticsearch chart repository"
helm repo add elastic https://helm.elastic.co
```

You will now have the two charts that you have added in this guide in addition to any other charts you have added if you have used Helm prior to this guide.

```shell title="List chart repositories"
helm repo list

NAME      	URL
bitnami   	https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami
elastic   	https://helm.elastic.co
```

Before installing, you will need to download a copy of a recommended configuration for minikube virtual machines:

```shell title="Download example minikube configuration"
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/elastic/Helm-charts/master/elasticsearch/examples/minikube/values.yaml
```

The contents of this configuration uses a smaller JVM heap, smaller memory per pods requests, and smaller persistent volumes.
The `values.yaml` file you downloaded should look like this:

```yaml title="Configuration details"
# Permit co-located instances for solitary minikube virtual machines.
antiAffinity: "soft"

# Shrink default JVM heap.
esJavaOpts: "-Xmx128m -Xms128m"

# Allocate smaller chunks of memory per pod.
resources:
  requests:
    cpu: "100m"
    memory: "512M"
  limits:
    cpu: "1000m"
    memory: "512M"

# Request smaller persistent volumes.
volumeClaimTemplate:
  accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
  storageClassName: "standard"
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 100M
```

Now install the Elasticsearch chart using this `values.yaml` configuration by including the `-f` flag:

```shell title="Install elasticsearch chart"
helm install es-minikube elastic/elasticsearch -f values.yaml
```

Be aware, it may take a minute or two for the pods to reach a `READY` state.

Confirm your deployment by retrieving active pods in the cluster.

```shell title="Get pods"
kubectl get pods -n default -o wide
```

The resulting output will show three pods for each elasticsearch node:

```shell title="Output"
NAME                         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP           NODE       NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
elasticsearch-master-0       1/1     Running   0          7m17s   172.17.0.5   minikube   <none>           <none>
elasticsearch-master-1       1/1     Running   0          7m17s   172.17.0.4   minikube   <none>           <none>
elasticsearch-master-2       1/1     Running   0          7m17s   172.17.0.6   minikube   <none>           <none>
pg-minikube-postgresql-0     1/1     Running   0          39m     172.17.0.3   minikube   <none>           <none>
```

Running the `kubectl` command to get service information again will show that the installed Elasticsearch chart exposes the `elasticsearch-master` [Service](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/) running at a dedicated IP address on port `9200`:

```shell title="Get services"
kubectl get services -n default

NAME                              TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)             AGE
elasticsearch-master              ClusterIP   10.107.78.6      <none>        9200/TCP,9300/TCP   3m38s
elasticsearch-master-headless     ClusterIP   None             <none>        9200/TCP,9300/TCP   3m38s
kubernetes                        ClusterIP   10.96.0.1        <none>        443/TCP             98m
pg-minikube-postgresql            ClusterIP   10.100.117.198   <none>        5432/TCP            92m
pg-minikube-postgresql-headless   ClusterIP   None             <none>        5432/TCP            92m
```

### Kubernetes DNS

The default installation of minikube enables [`kube-dns`](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/main/cluster/addons/dns), a [Service](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/) that automatically assigns DNS names to other services in the cluster.

When you [deploy PostgreSQL](#deploy-postgresql) and [deploy Elasticsearch](#deploy-elasticsearch), each service that was created was assigned the following DNS names respectively by `kube-dns`:

* `pg-minikube-postgresql.default.svc.cluster.local`
* `elasticsearch-master.default.svc.cluster.local`

You will use these values for the database and elasticsearch host values when deploying FusionAuth.

For more information on DNS see Kubernetes documentation for [DNS for Services and Pods](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/dns-pod-service/).

## Next Steps

You now are running all the necessary infrastructure to deploy a containerized application to minikube.

Next up, [Deploy FusionAuth in Kubernetes](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/kubernetes/fusionauth-deployment).

# FusionAuth Account Portal

import AccountSectionsOverview from 'src/content/docs/get-started/_account-sections-overview.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import CloudUserNote from 'src/content/docs/get-started/_cloud-user-note.mdx';
import DeletingYourAccount from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_deleting-your-account.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import SettingUpPortalAccount from 'src/content/docs/get-started/_setting-up-portal-account.mdx';
import SupportTicketsOpener from 'src/content/docs/get-started/download-and-install/_support-tickets-opener.mdx';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

The account portal is where you can manage your account data, deployments and licenses.
The portal is distinct from your FusionAuth instance, which is where your user data lives.
While an instance can be self-hosted or hosted in FusionAuth Cloud, the account portal is an internet accessible web application.

<Aside type="note">
You can self-host FusionAuth running the Community plan for your user datastore without ever setting up an account with the FusionAuth portal.

If you use FusionAuth Cloud or have a licensed plan with advanced features, you need a FusionAuth portal account.
</Aside>

## The Account Portal

<AccountSectionsOverview learnMore />

<CloudUserNote />

## Setting Up Your Account

<SettingUpPortalAccount incloudinstall="false" />

## Portal Areas

Here's an outline of each of the portal areas.
Depending on your user privileges, not all functionality may be available to you.

### Home

The <Breadcrumb>Home</Breadcrumb> tab is a dashboard where you can view information about your FusionAuth account.

![The home tab.](/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/home-tab.png)

### Plan

The <Breadcrumb>Plan</Breadcrumb> tab is where you can modify your plan.
You can also find your license keys on this tab.
Some plans include advanced features.
Some plans include support.

![The plan tab.](/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/plan-tab.png)

Learn more about [plans](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/plans-features) and [licensing](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/licensing).

### Hosting

The <Breadcrumb>Deployments</Breadcrumb> tab is where you can create deployments in FusionAuth Cloud.
These are managed instances of FusionAuth, where the FusionAuth team manages the operational concerns of your FusionAuth instance.

![The hosting tab.](/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/hosting-tab.png)


Learn more about [deployments](/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/cloud).


### Users

You can add, modify and remove users from your FusionAuth account.
Users added this way can log in to `https://account.fusionauth.io` and access information about your FusionAuth deployments, plan, licenses and more.

<CloudUserNote />

You can see users who have access to your account.
Users must have an email address.

![List the users with access to your account.](/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/users-list.png)

You can also add users to your account.
You can have unlimited users in your FusionAuth account portal.
If you have more than one FusionAuth account, users can belong to multiple accounts.

![The add button to add users to your account.](/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/users-list-add.png)

You can also modify an existing user's roles.

![Edit a user.](/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/users-edit.png)

Users can have zero or more roles.
Each role controls access to functionality within the portal.

* Admin: access to all functionality of the roles
* Billing manager: view invoices, manage payment methods
* Deployment manager: view and manage deployments
* Plan manager: view and manage your plan
* Security officer: will be notified of any security updates

<SupportTicketsOpener />

### Billing

The <Breadcrumb>Billing</Breadcrumb> tab is where you can update your billing information and view invoices.
This tab is only useful if you are using a credit card to pay for your FusionAuth plan or deployments.

On this tab, view and modify aspects of your billing.
There's an overview of your billing status.

![The overview section of the billing tab.](/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/billing-overview.png)

You can update your payment methods with a different credit card.
FusionAuth stores no credit card data internally; it all is stored in an external third party provider.

![The payment method update section of the billing tab.](/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/billing-update-card.png)

You can update current payment settings, including:

* The name on the invoice
* The tax identifier on the invoice
* The email address to which invoices are sent

![The payment method details section of the billing tab.](/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/billing-update-detail.png)

You can view past invoices.
This can be useful when accounting is curious about a past bill.
No more filing a support ticket to see the invoice from six months ago!

![The invoices section of the billing tab.](/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/billing-view-invoices.png)

### Company

To update your company details, navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Company</Breadcrumb> tab.

You can change your company name.

![Edit your company.](/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/company-edit.png)

You can remove all your company details by navigating to the <InlineUIElement>Company -> Danger zone</InlineUIElement> section.
Follow the instructions there, including removing all your deployments, and you'll be able to remove all data about you and your company.

![The company danger zone.](/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/company-danger-zone.png)

### Support

To review your support options, navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Support</Breadcrumb> tab or click on the Support button at the bottom of the page.
The message displayed in the support tab will vary based on your purchased plan and deployments.

![The support tab](/img/docs/get-started/support-tab.png)

<SupportTicketsOpener />

Learn more about [technical support options](/docs/operate/troubleshooting/technical-support).

### Account

To update your user account details, navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Account</Breadcrumb> tab.

You can edit your user details, including your name, password, and email address.

![Edit your account details.](/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/account-edit-user.png)

You can also set up MFA for your account.
Currently only TOTP MFA is allowed for the account portal

![Set up MFA for your account.](/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/account-two-factor.png)

## Deleting Your Account

<DeletingYourAccount />

# Air-gapping

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import DeactivateLicense from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_deactivate-license.mdx';
import EnterprisePlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_enterprise-plan-blurb.astro';
import HostsToAllowNetworkAccessFor from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_hosts-to-allow-network-access.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

<EnterprisePlanBlurb />

Air-gapping allows you to run FusionAuth in environments with custom networking or compliance requirements. These include:

* high-security environments with extreme exfiltration risks
* industrial control systems with limited networking bandwidth
* malware analysis
* regulatory or compliance requirements, such as PCI-DSS

This document covers the differences in configuring and running an air-gapped instance of FusionAuth. You can also [use a license with network access](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/licensing).

<Aside type="note">
To run FusionAuth air-gapped requires an Enterprise license.
</Aside>

## Adding a License to Your Instance

To add a license to an air-gapped instance, do these tasks:

* Buy a license
* Retrieve the license
* Lock down the network around your instance
* Install the license on your instance

### Buy A License

The air-gapped license is available for purchase only by [contacting the sales team](/contact).

Once a license is purchased, you need to get the license key and text.

### Retrieve A License

To retrieve a license, log into your [Account](https://account.fusionauth.io/account).  Navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Plan</Breadcrumb> tab.

![View the plan tab.](/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/plan-tab-airgapped.png)

Copy the appropriate license key and text. Use the "Production" license for your production server. The other license is suitable for non-production environments, such as user acceptance testing or development.

If you need your license key and text later, log in to your [Account](https://account.fusionauth.io/account) and then navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Plan</Breadcrumb> tab. You might need to do this if you are installing the license on a new instance.

### Preparing Your Instance

An instance of FusionAuth requires the air-gapped license text as it can't use the licensing server. However, it will still attempt to communicate with the license server. It may also originate other outbound traffic for metrics reporting and other purposes. Block the following hostnames to stop any calls to FusionAuth servers:

<HostsToAllowNetworkAccessFor />

You can also turn off FusionAuth collecting usage data. To do this, see the [section on disabling data collection in Collected Metrics](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/reference/collected-metrics#disable-data-collection).

Your method of blocking outbound traffic depends on your installation and environment.

For example, if you're running FusionAuth in AWS, you can block outbound requests using a [security group rule](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/vpc/latest/userguide/vpc-security-groups.html). If you're running Kubernetes on-premises, you can use a [network policy](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/network-policies/).

### Installing The License

After you have your license key and text, log in to your FusionAuth instance. You will need either the `admin` or `reactor_manager` roles in the FusionAuth Admin UI application to view the <Breadcrumb>Reactor</Breadcrumb> tab. The credentials you use to log into the instance have no connection to the credentials you used to log into your Account Portal.

Navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Reactor</Breadcrumb> tab and enter your license key and text in the <InlineField>License key</InlineField> field.

Check the <InlineField>I have an air-gap license</InlineField> box underneath the <InlineUIElement>License Key</InlineUIElement> field. Add the license text into the <InlineField>License text</InlineField> field.

![Activate your license using Reactor.](/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/air-gapped-license-activate.png)

Immediately after activating, FusionAuth validates the license. It may take a minute or two to complete activation. No network access is required for activation.

Once activated, the <InlineField>Licensed</InlineField> field on the <Breadcrumb>Reactor</Breadcrumb> tab changes to a green checkmark. This may require a page refresh. You will also see a list of features and the expiration date of the license.

![An activated license.](/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/air-gapped-license.png)

## Regenerating Your License

You may want to regenerate your license for any number of reasons.

* The process may be part of a regular secrets rotation plan.
* You may have inadvertently exposed your license.
* A personnel change may require rotation of licenses.

You can regenerate the license via the <Breadcrumb>Plan</Breadcrumb> tab. To do so, log into your [Account](https://account.fusionauth.io/account). Then navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Plan</Breadcrumb> tab. Then click the <InlineUIElement>Action</InlineUIElement> button to display the dropdown.

![The license action dropdown.](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/license-action-dropdown.png)

After you choose which license to regenerate, you'll be prompted to confirm your choice.

![Regenerate the license.](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/regenerate-license.png)

Then, view your license to retrieve both the license key and text.

Once you have that, you can update your license on your instance by using the [Reactor API](/docs/apis/reactor) or by deactivating and then reactivating the license on the admin UI <Breadcrumb>Reactor</Breadcrumb> tab.

## Deactivating Your Instance

<DeactivateLicense />

## License Expiration

Your [license is deactivated](#deactivating-your-instance) when it expires. This results in a loss of functionality until the license is renewed.

Find out when the license expires by using the [Reactor API](/docs/apis/reactor#retrieve-reactor-status) or viewing the expiration date in the admin UI on the <Breadcrumb>Reactor</Breadcrumb> tab.

![An expiration date displayed on the Reactor status page.](/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/air-gapped-license-expiration.png)

Please [contact support](https://account.fusionauth.io/account/support/) to obtain your new air-gapped license.

Then update your instance with the new license by [adding it to your instance](#adding-a-license-to-your-instance) before the license expiration date.

There is no grace period, so make sure you update your license before it expires to avoid loss of functionality.

## Licensing and Kickstart

You can use [Kickstart](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/kickstart) to configure a FusionAuth instance to a known configuration using any API, and this includes setting up an instance with an air-gapped license. See the [Kickstart documentation to learn how to provide your license key and text](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/kickstart#set-your-license-id).

One common use case for Kickstart is to configure the FusionAuth component of an air-gapped software package before delivering it to your customers. In this scenario, use the production license key and text.

## Limits

Running air-gapped limits certain features in FusionAuth, including:

* breached password detection
* advanced threat detection

Both of these features depend on downloading data over a network.

Air-gapping is not available when running in FusionAuth Cloud.

# Collected Metrics

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';

FusionAuth collects the following kinds of data from deployments to help improve our products:

* **metrics**: high-level information about an instance, e.g. monthly active users, version, number of nodes
* **usage data**: granular data about feature usage, collected since version 1.55

This data helps us understand usage so we can improve features and security.

Self-hosted users can disable data collection without affecting functionality. Customers on a paid plan must allow metrics collection [per the license agreement](/license) unless they have an [air-gapped license](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/reference/air-gapping).

### What Data Does FusionAuth Collect?

#### Metrics

FusionAuth collects the following high-level metrics:

- unique instance identifier
- total number of users
- total number of monthly active users
- total number of monthly logins
- number of nodes in the instance
- product version
- license Id (only for licensed instances with a plan)
- version of the metrics data (currently always version 1)

#### Usage Data

Since version 1.55, FusionAuth also collects feature-level usage data.
The following sample JSON object shows what we collect (click to expand):

<details>
  <summary>Usage Data - Example JSON Payload</summary>
<JSON src="generated/sample-usage-data.json" />
</details>

FusionAuth never collects personally identifiable information about your users or customers. We may collect new usage data as we add new features; those will be outlined in our [release notes](/docs/release-notes).

## Defaults

By default:

* Instances upgraded to version 1.55 **do not** send feature usage data.
* New instances created since version 1.55 **do** send feature usage data, but you can opt out at instance creation or any time after.

### Who Does FusionAuth Collect Data From?

Self-hosted FusionAuth users can choose to share data with us. You can turn usage data collection off in the setup wizard, by API, in the admin UI, or by blocking the hostname `usage-stats.fusionauth.io`. You can turn metrics collection off by blocking the hostname `usage-stats.fusionauth.io`.

If you enable usage data collection on the Community plan (including all unlicensed FusionAuth instances), we collect data but won't tie it to your identity. If you enable usage data collection on the Licensed Community plan, we tie usage data to your account and identity via your `instanceId`.

FusionAuth Cloud instances always share usage data. This data helps us provide top-notch service and security.

## Disable Data Collection

Users who self-host FusionAuth can disable data collection in multiple ways. FusionAuth Cloud users cannot disable data collection.

### Self-Hosted

To disable usage data collection during setup, uncheck the box marked "I want to help FusionAuth improve its products and services":

![Disabling usage data collection in self-hosted FusionAuth via the setup wizard.](/img/docs/stats-setup-self.png)

To disable usage data collection in a running instance, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> System -> Analytics & Improvements</Breadcrumb> in the admin UI and disable the <Breadcrumb>usage data collection</Breadcrumb> toggle:

![Disabling usage data collection in self-hosted FusionAuth via the admin UI.](/img/docs/stats-admin-self.png)

You can also block outbound usage data at the network level: all usage data and metrics collection uses the hostname `usage-stats.fusionauth.io`.

### FusionAuth Cloud

Usage stats collection cannot be disabled on FusionAuth Cloud instances.

## Frequently Asked Questions

### How Will This Impact Performance?

Data collection is intentionally throttled to not use additional resources. Queries only run once per day. We load tested a variety of instance sizes and database configurations to ensure that collection does not impact performance.

As a further failsafe, we can dynamically disable any stat collection that does cause a problem without the need to release or upgrade the instance.

### How Does FusionAuth Ensure That My Customer Data Remains Private?

Your privacy and that of your customers is of the utmost importance to FusionAuth. We do not collect any data that might reveal any information about your customers, such as webhook or OIDC URLs.

### Who Owns the Data That You Collect? Who Decides How That Data Is Used?

The FusionAuth [license agreement](/license) covers the specifics of how we collect and use data. For more detailed information, please see the following sections:

- Section 2.1.6 covers self-hosting
- Section 2.2.4 discusses those hosting with FusionAuth cloud
- Section 5.2 covers FusionAuth's licensing of collected data
- Section 5.3 has the information on consent for feedback

### How Does Your Data Collection Impact Our Ability to Remain GDPR or CCPA Compliant?

We know how critical compliance is for your business. For many customers, it's a primary driver in why they chose FusionAuth. Because of this, we made the choice to avoid collecting any personally identifiable information. We collect all stats in aggregate, so that there is no chance of violating confidentiality or compliance.

### What Steps Are You Taking to Avoid Scope Creep and Collecting Ever-More Data?

We're aware of how easy it is to let a project like this expand. Who doesn't like more data? Before we started this project, we decided on the following principles:

- Self-hosted customers will always be able to turn off usage data collection.
- We limit data collection to feature usage counts and software versions of the product.
- We will never collect anything that would let us know specific information about your configuration or your customers such as OIDC URLs, user emails or mail hosts. 
- We will not collect new stats without releasing a new version of FusionAuth.

We want to do right by our customers. By making these public commitments, we are clear about what data we gather and what data we will not. We want to be transparent about data collection and prevent scope creep.

# Reference

import ChildCards from "/src/components/ChildCards.astro";

This section contains detailed reference information you can use to learn more about running FusionAuth:

<ChildCards collection="docs" />

# Packages

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';

If you will be manually installing packages, you'll have a choice of a few packages on the package [Direct Downloads](/direct-download) page.

Review the following information to understand which packages you need to download. If your target platform is Linux, using the RPM or DEB packages is preferred and provides the simplest installation process. 

The Zip package may be used on macOS, Linux or Windows.

## FusionAuth App

The FusionAuth App is the web service that handles all API calls and provides the web based management interface. You will always need to download this package since it is the core component of FusionAuth.

## FusionAuth Search

<Aside type="note">
The FusionAuth Search package is intended for a single node Elasticsearch configuration.  In order to use the FusionAuth Search package in a multi-node configuration, you will need to modify the shipped `elasticsearch.yml` configuration file accordingly.
</Aside>

The FusionAuth Search package contains the Elasticsearch service that FusionAuth uses to provide advanced and performant search capabilities of users. This package is provided to ease setup using Elasticsearch as the search engine.  This package is optional, and you may configure FusionAuth to connect with any Elasticsearch cluster running a supported version of Elasticsearch.

FusionAuth ships configured to use the database as the default search engine type, you will need to update the configuration to leverage Elasticsearch as the search engine.  See the [Configuration](/docs/reference/configuration) documentation for reference in configuring the search engine.

## Database

The database package contains the schema and migration scripts to support upgrades as the schema changes. In most cases, you will not need to use this package. Instead, FusionAuth App will enter Maintenance Mode when it is started and this will automatically create the database or upgrade it. If you need to perform unattended installs or upgrades of FusionAuth, you will need to download this package for the schema and migration SQL scripts. You can review the [Advanced Installation](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/fusionauth-app#advanced-installation) portion of the [Install FusionAuth App](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/fusionauth-app) section to learn more about unattended installations and upgrades.

# Server Layout

To help you determine the best server layout, look over the diagrams below and determine which layout works best for your dev, staging and production environments.

Each layout will require FusionAuth App, Search Engine and a relational database.

The FusionAuth services are separated because as you will see in the diagrams below they may not all run on the same server, and each component can be horizontally scaled separately. The FusionAuth Search is Elasticsearch and FusionAuth will handle the cluster configuration when multiple instances are installed based upon the provided configuration. See the [Configuration](/docs/reference/configuration) reference for additional detail.

After you have selected a desired server layout, see the installation links below for each service.

* [Install a Database](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/reference/database)
* [Install FusionAuth Search](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/search)
* [Install FusionAuth App](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/fusionauth-app)

### Single server

![One server](/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/single-server.png)

This configuration uses a single server to host all of the components for FusionAuth including the relational database. In this deployment model there is no service redundancy and there is a risk of resource contention. For this reason this model should be limited to the following purposes:

* Development servers or workstations
* QA / Staging environments
* Small production deployments

### Two servers with external database

![Two servers with an external database](/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/two-servers-external-db.png)

This configuration uses a separate server to host the relational database. The method for configuring this database is outside the scope of this guide but a general guideline would be to provide some sort of storage redundancy or clustering capability to ensure a high level of availability and performance.

Each FusionAuth service is redundant and running on a separate server, this configuration provides basic redundancy.

When more than one FusionAuth Search is running and configured properly these Elasticsearch nodes will cluster and duplicate each the entire search index by replicating shards between nodes.

In this scenario FusionAuth should be placed behind a load balancer to utilize both services equally. Prior to version `1.19.0` session pinning should be utilized to support stateful sessions to FusionAuth. API connections to the FusionAuth App are stateless and do not require session pinning. All URLs beginning with `/api/` will be API requests and should not be session pinned. In version `1.19.0` this requirement was removed and session pinning is no longer required. This configuration is best suited for the following purposes:

* Staging environments
* Production deployments

### Horizontally Scaled with external database

![Horizontally scaled with an external database](/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/n-servers-external-db.png)

This configuration uses separate servers to host FusionAuth App, FusionAuth Search and the database. This is a theoretical example of scaling each service individually. This configuration will provide the most flexibility and availability to FusionAuth.

The details regarding load balancing requests and session pinning (when applicable) is the same as the previous example. This highly flexible and performance oriented configuration is best suited for the following purposes:

* Staging environments suitable for load testing
* Production environments

# Silent Mode

Silent mode has been available in FusionAuth since version `1.0.0`. This feature was previously called Silent Configuration and allowed you to configure the database for FusionAuth without the need to manually run the SQL scripts or to interactively use maintenance mode in the UI. Prior to version `1.19.0`, silent mode was not available if the runtime mode was set to anything except `development`. This prevented production systems from accidentally being modified by silent mode. Since version `1.19.0`, silent mode is now fully configurable and can be enabled even when the runtime mode is set to `production`.

Silent mode serves two purposes that we will cover in the following sections: installation and upgrades. Keep in mind that both of these processes might fail so you should always be ready to intervene and you should always make backups of existing databases.

To put an instance into Silent Mode, complete the following steps:

```bash
# Add linebreak to the end of the fusionauth.properties file
echo "" >> $(brew --prefix)/etc/fusionauth/fusionauth.properties
# Add your kickstart file path
echo "fusionauth-app.kickstart.file=/path/to/your/kickstart/kickstart.json" >> $(brew --prefix)/etc/fusionauth/fusionauth.properties
# Add the silent mode property
echo "fusionauth-app.silent-mode=true" >> $(brew --prefix)/etc/fusionauth/fusionauth.properties
# Change the search.type=database to search.type=elasticsearch
sed -i '' 's/search.type=database/search.type=elasticsearch/g' $(brew --prefix)/etc/fusionauth/fusionauth.properties
# Add the open search URL
echo "search.servers=http://localhost:9200" >> $(brew --prefix)/etc/fusionauth/fusionauth.properties
# Check the full configuration
cat $(brew --prefix)/etc/fusionauth/fusionauth.properties
```

## Behavior

Silent mode automatically creates everything in the database that FusionAuth needs without prompts in the browser. When enabled, silent mode will perform the following steps:

1. Open a raw socket to the database on the correct port to ensure it is reachable.
1. If the configuration contains super user credentials, connect to the FusionAuth database using the super user (i.e. the `fusionauth` database and not the `mysql` or `postgres` database).
1. If the database doesn't exist in either case, silent mode will connect to the root database (i.e. `mysql` or `postgres` depending on the database server type) again using the super user credentials and create the database.
1. Connect to the root database (i.e. `mysql` or `postgres` depending on the database server type) using the super user credentials and check if the ordinary user exists.
1. If the ordinary user doesn't exist, attempt to create it and grant it all the necessary privileges to connect and use the FusionAuth database. This might also change the owner of the FusionAuth database to the ordinary user if you are using PostgreSQL.
1. Silent mode connects to the FusionAuth database as the ordinary user and creates the FusionAuth schema.

Silent mode will try each of the steps above and if any of them fail, it will exit and put FusionAuth into maintenance mode. This will then require you to remedy the situation and possibly restart FusionAuth to get it back into silent mode. When silent mode does fail, it will present an error message for you to try and figure out what happened. The error might look like this:

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/failure.png" alt="Example of silent mode failure screen." width="1200" />

All of the silent mode steps ensure that at the end of silent mode FusionAuth can connect to the database and function properly. This also prevents FusionAuth from entering the interactive maintenance mode.

## Configuration

### Production mode

In order to configure FusionAuth to take these steps, you must specify a number of configuration properties. You can specify configuration properties with environment variables, command line properties, or the `fusionauth.properties` file. You can also mix and match these strategies. Here is an example configuration file that defines the necessary properties to enable silent mode and instruct it to install FusionAuth using the steps above:

```properties title="fusionauth.properties"
database.url=jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/fusionauth
database.username=fusionauth
database.password=ordinary-user-password
database.root.username=postgres
database.root.password=super-user-password

fusionauth-app.runtime-mode=production
```

FusionAuth enables silent mode automatically because `database.url`, `database.username`, and `database.root.username` are set.

### Development mode

Silent mode can also be used in development mode. The following configuration will use silent mode. `fusionauth-app.runtime-mode` can be omitted because its default value is `development`.

```properties title="fusionauth.properties"
database.url=jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/fusionauth
database.username=fusionauth
database.password=ordinary-user-password
database.root.username=postgres
database.root.password=super-user-password
```

### Managed databases

Some cloud providers don't provide access to a super user account and also don't allow you to connect to the "root" databases (i.e. `mysql` or `postgres`). Instead, they provision an ordinary user account and create an empty database for you to use. Often you can name this database to anything you want.

For these types of situations, FusionAuth can still connect to the managed database and create all of the necessary tables it requires to run. The only difference is that you must not specify the root credentials in the configuration. Here's an example configuration that will allow silent mode to function without access to any super user information or database. Note that the `fusionauth-app.silent-mode` property is explicitly set in this case:

```properties title="fusionauth.properties"
database.url=jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/fusionauth
database.username=fusionauth
database.password=ordinary-user-password

fusionauth-app.runtime-mode=production
fusionauth-app.silent-mode=true
```

## Upgrades

You can use silent mode to upgrade a FusionAuth deployment using the configuration files above. Always back up your FusionAuth database before performing a silent mode upgrade.

The only additional step that you need to take is to upgrade the version of FusionAuth itself. When the new version of FusionAuth starts up, it checks the database to determine if there are any database migrations that need to be run. If there are, FusionAuth will run the migrations in order and then resume the startup process.

# System Requirements

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import ElasticsearchVersion from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_elasticsearch-version.mdx';
import ElasticsearchRam from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_elasticsearch-ram.mdx';
import HostsToAllowNetworkAccessFor from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_hosts-to-allow-network-access.mdx';

FusionAuth will install and run on nearly any system. We have done our best to document the supported configurations here. If you
have any questions about platform support, please ask a question on <a href="/community/forum/" target="_blank">the forum</a> or open an issue on <a href="https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/new/choose" target="_blank">GitHub</a>. If you have a licensed plan with support included, you may open a <a href="https://account.fusionauth.io" target="_blank">support request from your account</a>.

Please read through this documentation and ensure you have met all of the requirements before continuing with the installation of FusionAuth.

<Aside type="caution">
Support is unavailable for any unauthorized modification of the FusionAuth software. See [section 5, Exhibit A of the FusionAuth license for more](/license#support-services).
</Aside>

## Operating System

FusionAuth will run on most platforms.  The following list summarizes the supported platforms.

* Linux - all distributions
* macOS 10.15 (Catalina) or newer
* Windows Server 2019
* Windows 10

Docker, k8s and other container platforms are supported because the host operating system is based upon Linux.

## Java

FusionAuth ships with its own version of Java. The version that is contained in the bundle is the required and supported version.

Currently, Java 21 is the supported major version. The versions of Java that are supported for prior versions of FusionAuth are:

| FusionAuth Version | Java Version |
|--------------------|--------------|
| 1.53.0 and newer   | Java 21      |
| 1.32.0 - 1.52.1    | Java 17      |
| 1.31.0 and earlier | Java 14      |

To determine the Java version required for any given version of FusionAuth, [download the appropriate FusionAuth package](/direct-download) and examine the install script.

## Compute RAM

The minimum memory required to run FusionAuth will vary depending upon the number of users you expect and the general intended system capacity.

General guideline: `512M`

If you have memory lying around, feel free to throw more at it - but in a multi-node configuration `512M` to `1GB` assigned per node should be very adequate.

<Aside type="note">
This memory is required for the FusionAuth application. Other programs as well as the operating system take memory too. If you are going to run another application on the same server or a local database, increase your memory appropriately.
</Aside>

If you intend to run Elasticsearch and FusionAuth on the same host you will need to ensure the host has adequate memory for both services and ensure you have adequate disk space for the Elasticsearch index to be stored.

Considerations that may require a larger amount of memory:

* Bulk importing users into FusionAuth. If you are importing in chunks of 250k to 500k it is possible FusionAuth will require additional memory to complete this request.
* Lambdas (>1k). Lambdas need to be pre-compiled, cached and sandboxed in their own JavaScript engine for use a runtime. Creating thousands of Lambdas will increase your memory requirements due to what is needed to keep in memory at runtime.
* Tenants (>1k). There are tasks that require a full traversal of all tenants, when you have 1000's of tenants these tasks may affect performance and will increase your memory requirements.
* Applications (>1k). There are tasks that require a full traversal of all applications, when you have 1000's of applications these tasks may affect performance and will increase your memory requirements.
* When using the Advanced Threat Detection feature, a minimum of `2GB` of heap is required, and `3GB` is recommended.

<Aside type="caution">
When using Advanced Threat Detection before version 1.47.0, it is recommended to allow for adequate memory headspace on the deployment.  If the FusionAuth application is taking `3GB` of an in-memory heap, then its best to allocate at least `4GB` (in total, possibly more) for the host system.

When using Advanced Threat Detection with version 1.47.0 or after, you can follow the general guideline for compute RAM.
</Aside>


## Compute Disk Space

The minimum disk space for a compute node (that is nodes that are running `fusionauth-app`) required to run FusionAuth can generally be minimal. We recommend providing compute nodes with between `10GB` and `50GB` of disk space. The `fusionauth-app` installation is only a few hundred megabytes and the operating system is usually on a gigabyte or two. Therefore, you only need to provide enough space for logging and operations performed on the server.

This recommendation assumes that you aren't running `fusionauth-search` on the node and leveraging Elasticsearch. If you intend to use Elasticsearch, please see the disk space recommendations below.

## Compute CPU

The CPU required for compute nodes (that is nodes that are running `fusionauth-app`) depends mostly on the login and registration volume you expect and the password hashing algorithm you use. Here are some general guidelines based on AWS EC2 nodes and using `PBKDF2` with a load factor of `24,000` for the password hashing algorithm:

| Node type | Logins/registrations per second |
|-----------|---------------------------------|
| t3.medium | 10 - 20 logins per second       |
| m5.large  | 30 - 50 logins per second       |

## Database

Recent versions of FusionAuth require PostgreSQL 14 or newer. FusionAuth versions older than `1.43.0` do not support PostgreSQL 15 or newer.

You can also run FusionAuth with MySQL 8.0 or newer using MySQL Connector. MariaDB and Percona may also work. However, FusionAuth only tests with PostgreSQL, so functionality may suffer due to [known issues](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/327). Non-PostgreSQL instances of FusionAuth cannot migrate to FusionAuth Cloud.

FusionAuth does not support MySQL platforms that use MySQL Group Replication, such as IBM Compose.

### Database RAM

The RAM required by the database depends on your login volume and object counts. If you expect to have a few logins per minute and only a few thousand objects, `1GB-2GB` of RAM will be sufficient. If you have hundreds of millions of objects and 1,000 logins per second, you might need `256GB` of RAM. We recommend running load tests of FusionAuth to help determine the amount of RAM that is required for your needs.

### Database Disk Space

The amount of disk space required by the database depends on your configuration, login volumes, and total object counts. We recommend that you estimate the disk space based on the amount of data and storage configuration (event logs, audit logs, and raw login). It is also a good idea to use a system that allows you to expand the disk space if needed (such as Amazon RDS).

Given thousands of objects and low login volumes, `10GB` of disk space should suffice. For millions of objects and high login volumes, you might need `1TB` of disk or more.

## Elasticsearch

Elasticsearch is optional, and may be leveraged for improving user search functionality. See the [Core Concepts - User](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/users#user-search) documentation for reference in configuration and usage.

If you will be running Elasticsearch on the same host as FusionAuth, please ensure there is adequate RAM for both services to operate normally. Elasticsearch may also protect the index by moving it to read-only if the underlying host is running low on disk space, ensure you have plenty of free storage for the Elasticsearch index.

You can use the [`fusionauth-search`](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/reference/packages#fusionauth-search) package or any other Elasticsearch service including a cloud hosted service or just downloading it and installing it yourself from [elastic.co](https://www.elastic.co/products/elasticsearch).

<ElasticsearchVersion />

### Elasticsearch RAM

<ElasticsearchRam />

### Elasticsearch Disk Space

The amount of disk space required by Elasticsearch depends on your total user and entity counts. We recommend that you estimate the disk space based on the amount of data you will have.

In most cases, if you have thousands of users and entities, `10GB` of disk space will be sufficient. If you have more users and entities please size up accordingly.

## Network Access

FusionAuth offers instructions on downloading the MySQL JDBC driver at install time. Due to the drivers' licensing, it cannot be bundled into the application. You have to download and install the drivers even if the server has network access.

Prior to 1.16.0, the drivers were downloaded no matter which database you used. Prior to 1.40.0, the drivers were downloaded if you are using MySQL.

If you are running FusionAuth in an environment with no network access and are using MySQL, you must download the MySQL driver jar file and place it in `fusionauth-app/web/WEB-INF/lib`.

### Paid Plans

If you are using the Community plan and are not using a license, you can block all outbound network connectivity. Lack of connectivity will not affect the product. 

On a licensed plan, you must enable network access to FusionAuth or the license and features will not function properly. If you are in a firewalled or restricted environment and have a licensed plan, add the following hostnames to your network allow list for proper functionality:

<HostsToAllowNetworkAccessFor />

### Egress Proxies

You may set up an outbound proxy and route required network connections through it. To use a proxy, set one or more of the following configuration parameters:

* `proxy.host`
* `proxy.port`
* `proxy.username`
* `proxy.password`

When these are set, FusionAuth will use the configured proxy for all outbound connections.

Learn more about [these parameters in the Configuration Reference](/docs/reference/configuration).

### Collected Metrics

Currently FusionAuth sends a payload to the metrics endpoint for all instances. A self-hosted community user can disable network egress or block access to the metrics endpoint without affecting functionality. Customers on a paid plan must allow a metrics connection [per the license agreement](/license), unless they have an [air-gapped license](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/reference/air-gapping). 

To learn more about what metrics we collect and how they are used, view the [collected metrics documentation](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/reference/collected-metrics).

# Install a Search Engine

import ElasticsearchVersion from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_elasticsearch-version.mdx';
import ElasticsearchRam from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_elasticsearch-ram.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Tabs from 'src/components/Tabs.astro';
import TabItem from 'src/components/TabItem.astro';

This page explains how to install FusionAuth Search, which provides full-text search. This service may be horizontally scaled using Elasticsearch clustering.

<ElasticsearchVersion />

<ElasticsearchRam />

## Download the Package

Navigate to the [Downloads](/download/) page and find FusionAuth Search package for your target platform.

## Install the Package

<Tabs>
	<TabItem label="Red Hat">

	To install on a Red Hat system, use the RPM bundle. Execute this command to install the FusionAuth Search RPM (replace `<version>` with
 	the correct version number):
	
	```console
	sudo rpm -i fusionauth-search<version>.rpm
	```
	</TabItem>
	<TabItem label="Debian">

	To install on a Debian system, use the DEB bundle. Execute this command to install the FusionAuth Search DEB (replace `<version>` with
 	the correct version number):
	
	```console
	sudo dpkg -i fusionauth-search<version>.deb
	```

	</TabItem>
	<TabItem label="macOS">

	To install on macOS, use the `.zip` bundle. Extract the `fusionauth-search` zip bundle anywhere on the file system. Remember where you extract the file.
	 This location will be referred to as `FUSIONAUTH_HOME`. We suggest extracting this file to a directory such as `/usr/local/fusionauth`.

	Once the zip bundle has been extracted, the directory structure should look similar to this. If you installed somewhere other the default `FUSIONAUTH_HOME`,
	 your directory structure will be different, this is only for shown as an example.

	```
	/usr/local/fusionauth/bin
	/usr/local/fusionauth/config
	/usr/local/fusionauth/config/fusionauth.properties
	/usr/local/fusionauth/fusionauth-search
	```
	</TabItem>
	<TabItem label="macOS with Homebrew">

	Install OpenSearch:
	
   	```console
   	brew install opensearch
   	```
	
	</TabItem>
	<TabItem label="Windows (Package)">

	Extract the `fusionauth-search` zip bundle anywhere on the file system. Remember where you extract
	 the file. This location will be referred to as `FUSIONAUTH_HOME`. We suggest extracting this file to a directory such as `\fusionauth` on Windows.

	Once the zip bundle has been extracted, the directory structure should look similar to this:

	```
	\fusionauth\bin
	\fusionauth\config
	\fusionauth\config\fusionauth.properties
	\fusionauth\fusionauth-search\
	```
	</TabItem>
	<TabItem label="Windows Service">

	1. Extract the `fusionauth-search` zip bundle anywhere on the file system. Remember where you extract
	 the file. This location will be referred to as `FUSIONAUTH_HOME`. We suggest extracting this file to a directory such as `\fusionauth` on Windows. Once the zip bundle has been extracted, the directory structure should look similar to this:

	   ```
	   \fusionauth\bin
	   \fusionauth\config
	   \fusionauth\config\fusionauth.properties
	   \fusionauth\fusionauth-search\
	   ```
	
	1. Navigate into `FUSIONAUTH_HOME`:

	   ```powershell
	   cd \fusionauth\fusionauth-search\elasticsearch\bin
	   ```

	1. Run the following command to install FusionAuth as a Windows Service:

	   ```powershell
	   \fusionauth\fusionauth-search\elasticsearch\bin> FusionAuthSearch.exe /install
	   ```
	</TabItem>
</Tabs>

## Configuration

If you will be running more than one search engine service, or the search engine is installed on a separate server than the FusionAuth App service,
you will need to modify the default configuration in the `fusionauth.properties` file.

If you have installed the Search Engine service on the same server that is running FusionAuth App no further configuration is required.

Each server running the FusionAuth Search service will need to be added to the configuration. To do this, you will need to edit the
`fusionauth.properties` configuration file. More information about this configuration file is located in the [Configuration Reference](/docs/reference/configuration) section.

The following examples assume that FusionAuth App and FusionAuth Search can communicate either on `localhost` if running on the same
system, or if running on separate systems that a site local connection exists between both servers. If you require communication between
FusionAuth App and FusionAuth Search on a public IP address, you will also need to modify the `fusionauth-search.hosts` property
on the server running FusionAuth Search. The default value will only bind to localhost and site local IP addresses. See the
[Configuration Reference](/docs/reference/configuration) for more information on configuring the `fusionauth-search.hosts` property.

The following examples also assume the default port as specified by the `fusionauth-search.transport-port` property. If this value has been
modified, adjust the examples accordingly.


### Example Configuration 1
The following is an example where FusionAuth Search is running on the same server as FusionAuth. This is the default configuration,
if this is how you have your system configured, no change to `fusionauth.properties` is required.

```ini title="fusionauth.properties"
fusionauth-search.servers=localhost:9020
fusionauth-app.search-engine-type=elasticsearch
fusionauth-app.search-servers=http://localhost:9021
```


### Example Configuration 2
The following is an example where the FusionAuth Search is running on a separate system than the FusionAuth App and the FusionAuth
Search Engine has an IP Address of `192.168.1.41`.

We'll refer to the server running FusionAuth App as System 1, and the server running FusionAuth Search as System 2.

```ini title="fusionauth.properties on System 1"
fusionauth-search.servers=192.168.1.41:9020
fusionauth-app.search-engine-type=elasticsearch
fusionauth-app.search-servers=http://192.168.1.41:9021
```

```ini title="fusionauth.properties on System 2"
fusionauth-search.servers=localhost:9020
fusionauth-app.search-engine-type=elasticsearch
fusionauth-app.search-servers=http://localhost:9021
```

### Example Configuration 3
<Aside type="note">
When configuring multiple Elasticsearch nodes, you will need to modify the service discovery settings in the shipped `elasticsearch.yml`.  See [Elasticsearch's Discovery and cluster formation settings](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/modules-discovery-settings.html) documentation in configuring multiple nodes.
</Aside>

The following is an example where FusionAuth Search is running on the same server as FusionAuth App, and another server also has
both the FusionAuth App and the FusionAuth Search installed.

We will refer to these systems as System 1 and System 2, where System 1 has an IP address of `192.168.1.41` and System 2 has an IP address
of `192.168.1.42`.


```ini title="fusionauth.properties on System 1"
fusionauth-search.servers=localhost:9020,192.168.1.42:9020
fusionauth-app.search-engine-type=elasticsearch
fusionauth-app.search-servers=http://localhost:9021,http://192.168.1.42:9021
```

```ini title="fusionauth.properties on System 2"
fusionauth-search.servers=localhost:9020,192.168.1.41:9020
fusionauth-app.search-engine-type=elasticsearch
fusionauth-app.search-servers=http://localhost:9021,http://192.168.1.41:9021
```

## Start FusionAuth Search

FusionAuth Search Engine should now be ready to run. Use the instructions below to start FusionAuth Search. The search engine should be started
first before the FusionAuth App service.

<Tabs>
	<TabItem label="Linux">

	```console
	sudo systemctl start fusionauth-search
	```

	</TabItem>
	<TabItem label="macOS">

	```console
	<FUSIONAUTH_HOME>/fusionauth-search/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch -d
	```

	</TabItem>
	<TabItem label="macOS with Homebrew">
	
	Start OpenSearch with Homebrew services:
	
   	```console
   	brew services start opensearch
   	```
	</TabItem>
	<TabItem label="Windows (Package)">

	```powershell
	\fusionauth\fusionauth-search\elasticsearch\bin\elasticsearch.bat
	```

	</TabItem>
	<TabItem label="Windows Service">

	```powershell
	net start FusionAuthSearch
	```

	</TabItem>
</Tabs>

# First Time Setup

import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

These configuration steps are common to almost all FusionAuth installations. Take these steps to avoid being inadvertently locked out of your FusionAuth server.

## Access FusionAuth App

You will need to access FusionAuth in your web browser. If you have installed FusionAuth on your own system, you will need to know the IP address or hostname of the system where it has been installed, often [http://localhost:9011](http://localhost:9011).

Once you have a web browser open to FusionAuth you will be presented with a setup wizard that will walk you through getting FusionAuth configured and ready to begin calling the API and managing users. If you instead are being prompted by the FusionAuth Maintenance Mode, please complete that setup first and then return to this step. See the Maintenance Mode section in the [FusionAuth App Installation Guide](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/fusionauth-app).

Once the setup wizard is complete you will be logged into FusionAuth using the created Administrator account.

## Complete the Setup Wizard

![Setup Wizard](/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/setup-wizard.png)

## Configure An Email Server

Email is used for many purposes in FusionAuth, including to verify user email addresses and for passwordless authentication. However, one of the most important functions is to allow for forgotten passwords.

![First Time Setup email server](/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/first-time-setup-email.png)

[Full instructions on how to configure your email server settings.](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/configure-email)

If you lose your password, you can reset it using the <InlineUIElement>Forgot Password</InlineUIElement> link on the login screen.

## Add a Second Admin User

Create a second user with the admin role. This user can provide access should your initially created admin user lose access for any reason.

* Log in to the administrative user interface.
* Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb>.
* Add a user with a known, valid email address and secure password within your organization.
* Register that user with the FusionAuth application and the `admin` role.

## Activate License Key

Activating the license key will allow access to all of the paid features inside FusionAuth. The key is found in your [account portal](https://account.fusionauth.io/account/plan/) and is activated in the <Breadcrumb>Reactor</Breadcrumb> tab. 

![First time setup license](/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/first-time-setup-license.png)

Production keys must be used for any FusionAuth instance that customers will be logging into, that is how we track MAUs. 

Non-production keys may be used for any other instances such as your developers' laptops, QA, or UAT. 

* Log in to the administrative user interface.
* Navigate to  <Breadcrumb>Plan</Breadcrumb> and copy the appropriate key.
* Access the FusionAuth instance and navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Reactor</Breadcrumb>.
* Paste that key into the License Key field and Activate it.

[Full instructions on how to activate your license](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/licensing).

### Set Up an API Key

Create an API key you can use to manage FusionAuth in an emergency. If you lose access to the administrative user interface, you can use this API key to retain access to your FusionAuth instance by adding a new `admin` user.

* Log in to the administrative user interface.
* Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> API Keys</Breadcrumb>.
* Add an API Key with no limitations. This will make it a super user key with no limitations.
* Note the key value, and store it someplace safe.

![First Time Setup API key](/img/docs/get-started/download-and-install/first-time-setup-api-key.png)

### Modify the Tenant Issuer

The <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField>, found by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Your Tenant -> General</Breadcrumb> defaults to `acme.com`. This is not usually what you want.

This value is used by any JWTs created by the OAuth grants or the Login API.

While the exact value you change this to varies based on how you are using FusionAuth, a typical value is the URL of the FusionAuth instance, such as `https://auth.example.com`.

# Start & Stop

import Tabs from 'src/components/Tabs.astro';
import TabItem from 'src/components/TabItem.astro';

If you are self-hosting FusionAuth, you may need to manually start or stop FusionAuth periodically.

It is recommended you start the FusionAuth Search service before starting the FusionAuth App service. You should also shutdown the Search Engine last. FusionAuth
utilizes the Search Engine and database for persisting and retrieving users.

The following examples will make the assumption that all of the services are running on the same server. Based upon how you have installed FusionAuth
you may or may not have all of the services running on the same server.

The macOS and Windows instructions assume an installation directory of `/usr/local/fusionauth` and `\fusionauth` respectively. Please adjust to your
specific installation directory. We'll refer to this directory as `FUSIONAUTH_HOME`.

<Tabs>
  <TabItem label="Linux">

FusionAuth installation using Debian or RPM packages also installs the `fusionauth-search` and `fusionauth-app` services. Use these services to start and stop FusionAuth.

To start FusionAuth:

```console
sudo systemctl start fusionauth-search
```

```console
sudo systemctl start fusionauth-app
```

To stop Fusionauth:

```console
sudo systemctl stop fusionauth-app
```

```console
sudo systemctl stop fusionauth-search
```

If you'd prefer to use the native Elastic and Tomcat scripts, follow the macOS instructions.

  </TabItem>
  <TabItem label="macOS">
To start FusionAuth:

```console
/usr/local/fusionauth/fusionauth-search/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch
```

```console
/usr/local/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/bin/start.sh
```

To stop FusionAuth:

```console
/usr/local/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/bin/stop.sh
```

Always stop Elasticsearch last. If you started Elasticsearch using the `elasticsearch` script, shut Elasticsearch down by closing that terminal window.
  </TabItem>
  <TabItem label="macOS with Homebrew">
To start FusionAuth:

```console
brew services start opensearch
```

```console
brew services start fusionauth-app
```

To stop FusionAuth:

```console
brew services stop fusionauth-app
```

```console
brew services stop opensearch
```
  </TabItem>
  <TabItem label="Windows">

  	On Windows, you can run FusionAuth using either native PowerShell scripts, or Windows services.

    <Tabs>
	  <TabItem label="PowerShell scripts">
To start FusionAuth:

```powershell
\fusionauth\fusionauth-search\elasticsearch\bin\elasticsearch.bat
```

```powershell
\fusionauth\fusionauth-app\bin\start.ps1
```

To stop FusionAuth:

```powershell
\fusionauth\fusionauth-app\bin\stop.ps1
```

Always stop Elasticsearch last. If you started Elasticsearch using the `elasticsearch.bat` script, shut it down by closing that command window.
      </TabItem>
      <TabItem label="Windows Services">
To start FusionAuth:

```powershell
net start FusionAuthSearch
```

```powershell
net start FusionAuthApp
```

To stop FusionAuth:

```powershell
net stop FusionAuthApp
```

```powershell
net stop FusionAuthSearch
```
      </TabItem>
	</Tabs>
  </TabItem>
</Tabs>

# Upgrade

import Tabs from '/src/components/Tabs.astro';
import TabItem from '/src/components/TabItem.astro';
import Breadcrumb from '/src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

This page explains how to upgrade FusionAuth to a newer version.

<Tabs>
  <TabItem label="Docker">

To upgrade an instance of FusionAuth configured with a container management tool such as Docker Desktop, OrbStack, or Podman:

1. Stop the instance:

   ```console
   docker compose down
   ```

1. Modify the `docker-compose.yml` file to point to the version of FusionAuth you want. The following command will upgrade you to the latest version:

   ```console
   docker pull fusionauth/fusionauth-app:latest
   ```

   For a full list of available tags, see [`fusionauth-app` on Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/r/fusionauth/fusionauth-app).

1. Start your instance:

   ```console
   docker compose up -d
   ```

1. Open the [<Breadcrumb>System -> About</Breadcrumb> page in the Admin UI](http://localhost:9011/admin/system/about/) to check your instance's version of FusionAuth.

  </TabItem>
  <TabItem label="`fusionauth-app` on macOS and Linux">
1. First, shut down FusionAuth:

   ```console
   <FUSIONAUTH_HOME>/bin/shutdown.sh
   ```

1. Then, from the _parent_ directory of `FUSIONAUTH_HOME`, run the FastPath install command. For example, if `FUSIONAUTH_HOME` is `/home/example/dev/fusionauth`, run the command from `/home/example/dev`:
   
   ```console
   curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-install/master/install.sh | bash -s && \
   ```

1. Start FusionAuth:

   ```console
   <FUSIONAUTH_HOME>/bin/startup.sh
   ```

  </TabItem>
  <TabItem label="Homebrew install on macOS">
If you initially installed FusionAuth using Homebrew, you can also use Homebrew to upgrade to the latest version of FusionAuth.

To upgrade FusionAuth using `brew`, follow the steps below:

1. Stop `fusionauth-app` using Homebrew services:

   ```console
   brew services stop fusionauth-app
   ```

1. Upgrade the version of `fusionauth-app`:

   ```console
   brew upgrade fusionauth-app
   ```

1. Start `fusionauth-app` with Homebrew services:

   ```console
   brew services start fusionauth-app
   ```
  </TabItem>
  <TabItem label="`fusionauth-app` on Windows">
1. Terminate the running FusionAuth App and Search services:

   ```powershell
   <FUSIONAUTH_HOME>\bin\shutdown.ps1
   ```

1. Then, from the _parent_ directory of `FUSIONAUTH_HOME`, run the FastPath install command. For example, if `FUSIONAUTH_HOME` is `\Users\example\dev\fusionauth`, run this command from `\Users\example\dev`:

   ```powershell
   Invoke-WebRequest -UseBasicParsing -Uri https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-install/main/install.ps1 | iex
   ```

1. Start FusionAuth:

   ```powershell
   <FUSIONAUTH_HOME>\bin\startup.ps1
   ```
  </TabItem>
</Tabs>

## Migrations

If there were database migrations required, what happens on an upgrade depends on two settings: the runtime mode and the silent mode.

If silent mode is set to `true`, FusionAuth will automatically migrate your database to the latest schema version.

If silent mode is `false` and the runtime mode is set to `development`, Maintenance mode will appear when you access any URL hosted by FusionAuth. Follow the prompts to complete the migrations.

In all other cases the migrations will not be applied, and you'll have to perform them yourself. If you want to manage your own database upgrades, performing the SQL migrations out of band with another tool or process is a good option.

*When Are Database Migrations Applied*

| Runtime Mode  | Silent Mode | Migration Behavior                                                 |
|---------------|-------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `development` | `true`      | Migration applied automatically                                    |
| `development` | `false`     | Maintenance mode UI displayed, user prompted to run migrations     |
| `production`  | `true`      | Migration applied automatically                                    |
| `production`  | `false`     | Migration never applied by FusionAuth, must be applied out of band |

See the [configuration reference](/docs/reference/configuration) or the [silent mode guide](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/reference/silent-mode) for more information. To apply the database migrations out of band see the [database upgrade](/docs/operate/deploy/upgrade#downtime-and-database-migrations) documentation.

## Docker `latest` Tag

The Docker Compose file references the `latest` tag, but that tag is not dynamic. It is only the latest at a point in time. To get the most recently released image, you have a couple of options:

* Pull the latest image with this command: `docker pull fusionauth/fusionauth-app:latest` or `docker compose pull` and recreate your deployment with `docker compose up -d` which will recreate every container where a new image is available.
* Edit the Docker Compose file to specify a specific version. This is a good idea for a production deployment. Run `docker compose pull` you can only pull the specified image, or just run `docker compose up -d` which will pull the image and recreate the container at the same time.
* Remove all images with `docker rmi <IMAGE ID>` selected from the list of IMAGE IDs which you can show with `docker images`. This requires that the image isn't used and therefore may prompt you to remove containers using it. Since FusionAuth stores all state in the database, and for docker you use volumes to persist data, you can safely remove the containers. After that you can use `docker compose pull`, `docker compose build` and `docker compose up -d` accordingly to get images specified the in the `docker-compose.yml`.

Use `docker image prune` to remove all unused images after upgrading.

# Get Started

FusionAuth is a modern platform for Customer Identity and Access Management (CIAM). FusionAuth provides APIs and a responsive web user interface to support
login, registration, localized email, multi-factor authentication, reporting and much more.

If you're looking for employee login or a replacement for Active Directory - you may be in the wrong place. While FusionAuth can be used for nearly any application, we do not offer native desktop integration and replacing Active Directory is not on our roadmap. However, if you're looking for a solution to manage end users that can perform at scale, then keep reading.

For a quick interactive introduction to FusionAuth, check out our [Get Started](/docs/get-started/start-here/step-1) guide.

Here's a typical application login flow before FusionAuth:

```mermaid title="Request flow during login before FusionAuth"
sequenceDiagram
    participant User
    participant App as Application

    User ->> App : View Homepage
    User ->> App : Click Login Link
    App ->> User : Show Login Form
    User ->> App : Fill Out and Submit Login Form
    App ->> App : Authenticates User
    App ->> User : Display User's Account or Other Info
```
And here's the same application login flow after introducing FusionAuth:

```mermaid title="Request flow during login after FusionAuth"
sequenceDiagram
    participant User
    participant App as Application
    participant FusionAuth

    User ->> App : View Homepage
    User ->> App : Click Login Link (to FusionAuth)
    User ->> FusionAuth : View Login Form
    FusionAuth ->> User : Show Login Form
    User ->> FusionAuth : Fill Out and Submit Login Form
    FusionAuth ->> FusionAuth : Authenticates User
    FusionAuth ->> User: Go to Redirect URI
    User ->> App: Request the Redirect URI
    App ->> FusionAuth : Is User Authenticated?
    FusionAuth ->> App : User is Authenticated
    App ->> User : Display User's Account or Other Info
```

## Core Concepts

Legacy identity technologies have complex hierarchy and cryptic terminology like realms, principals, subjects and distinguished names. In order to simplify something perceived to be complex, the best approach is to go back to the basics, to the atomic elements and throw everything else away.

When we built FusionAuth we took the back to basics approach. We identified two atomic elements of identify, Users and Applications. Everyone has Users, and Users need to be authenticated to Applications. For this reason FusionAuth is built upon four core elements:

* Users - someone that can log into things
* Applications - things that Users log into
* Registrations - the connection between a User and an Application they have access to
* Tenants - A way to logically isolate Applications, Users and Registrations

### Users

A user is uniquely identified in any particular tenant by an email address or username. [Learn more.](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/users)

### Applications

A FusionAuth Application represents an authenticated resource such as a web application, mobile application or any other application that requires authenticated users. A FusionAuth Application is defined by a name and a set of Roles. [Learn more.](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications)

### Registrations

A User can be registered to one or more FusionAuth Applications. A User Registration can define one to many Application Roles. [Learn more.](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/registrations)

### Tenants

Tenants are way to separate Users, Applications and Registrations into separate containers. Inside a Tenant, you can define any number of Users, Applications and Registrations. Across Tenants, you can define duplicate Applications, Users and Registrations.

For example, you might have two Tenants and inside both Tenants you might have an Application named `Web Based Payroll` and a User with the email address `john@piedpiper.com`. Each of these Users might have a Registration to the `Web Based Payroll` Application. And finally, each of these Users might have different passwords and data. [Learn more.](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenants)

## Getting Started

First you will need to install and configure FusionAuth before starting your integration. Here are some links to get you started:

* [5-Minute Setup Guide](/docs/get-started/start-here/step-1)
* [Register a User and Login](/docs/lifecycle/register-users/register-user-login-api)
* [Self-service Registration](/docs/lifecycle/register-users/basic-registration-forms)
* [Common Configuration](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/setup)

### Install Options

* [Docker](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/docker)
* [FastPath Install](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/fast-path)
* [Package Installation](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/fusionauth-app)
* [All Options](/docs/get-started/download-and-install)

### Create a User and call an API

* [Register a User and Login](/docs/lifecycle/register-users/register-user-login-api)
* [API Docs](/docs/apis/)

# API

import ClickableCard from "/src/components/ClickableCard.astro";

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2 mt-10" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/api/quickstart-dotnet-api" title=".NET API" icon="/img/icons/dotnet-c.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/api/quickstart-golang-api" title="Golang API" icon="/img/icons/golang.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/api/quickstart-php-laravel-api" title="Laravel API" icon="/img/icons/laravel.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/api/quickstart-javascript-express-api" title="Node/Express API" icon="/img/icons/javascript.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/api/quickstart-ruby-on-rails-api" title="Ruby on Rails API" icon="/img/icons/ruby-on-rails.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/api/quickstart-java-springboot-api" title="Spring Boot API" icon="/img/icons/spring.svg"/>
</div>

# .NET API

import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import DockerSpinup from '/src/components/quickstarts/DockerSpinup.astro';
import DotNetPreReqs from '/src/components/quickstarts/dotnet-prereqs.mdx';
import Intro from '/src/components/quickstarts/Intro.astro';
import {Content as LoginArchitectureApi} from '/src/components/quickstarts/LoginArchitectureApi.mdx';
import NextStepsApi from '/src/components/quickstarts/NextStepsApi.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import QuickstartTshirtCTA from '/src/components/quickstarts/QuickstartTshirtCTA.astro'


<Intro technology=".NET"
       repositoryUrl="https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-dotnet-api"
       api/>

## Prerequisites

<DotNetPreReqs/>

## General Architecture

<LoginArchitectureApi />


## Getting Started

In this section, you’ll get FusionAuth up and running and create a resource server which will serve the API.

### Clone The Code

First off, grab the code from the repository and change into that directory.

```shell
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-dotnet-api.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-dotnet-api
```

### Run FusionAuth Via Docker

<DockerSpinup kickstartUri={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} api />

## Create Your ASP.NET Web API Resource Server

Now you are going to create an ASP.NET API application. While this section builds a simple API, you can use the same configuration to integrate an existing API with FusionAuth.

We are going to be building an API backend for a banking application called ChangeBank. This API will have two endpoints:
- `make-change`: This endpoint will allow you to call GET with a `total` amount and receive a response indicating how many nickels and pennies are needed to make change. Valid roles are `customer` and `teller`.
- `panic`: Tellers may call this endpoint to call the police in case of an incident. The only valid role is `teller`.

Both endpoints will be protected such that a valid JSON web token (JWT) will be required in the `Authorization` header or in a cookie named `app.at` in order to be accessed. Additionally, the JWT must have a `roles` claim containing the appropriate role to use the endpoint.

<Aside type="note">
If you simply want to run the application, there is a completed version in the `complete-application` directory. You can use the following commands to get it up and running if you do not want to create your own.

```shell
cd complete-application
dotnet run
```

You can then follow the instructions in the [Run The API](#run-the-api) section.
</Aside>

Now, create a base ASP.NET API project. 

```shell
dotnet new webapi -o your-api && cd your-api
```

### Add Security

This app uses the standard [.NET JWTBearer package](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JWTBearer), which simplifies extracting and validating JWT tokens from FusionAuth.

Install the .NET JWTBearer package and other supporting libraries. 

```shell
dotnet add package Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer -v 7.0.14
dotnet add package Microsoft.AspNetCore.OpenApi -v 7.0.10
dotnet add package System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt -v 7.0.3
dotnet add package Microsoft.IdentityModel.Protocols.OpenIdConnect -v 7.0.3
```

Next, replace your `appsettings.json` file with settings specific to the FusionAuth Issuer and Client Id (Audience).

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/appsettings.json"}/>

Replace the code in the `appsettings.Development.json` file with the following.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/appsettings.Development.json"}/>

The `appsettings.Development.json` file will be used when you run the application in development mode. It will enable some useful development options, mainly that HTTPS will not be required for the Issuer (FusionAuth) server. In production, you must use HTTPS for the Issuer server.

Update the `Program.cs` file to configure ASP.NET authentication to use JWT tokens. Replace the code in the `Program.cs` file with the following code.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/Program.cs"}
lang="c#" />

The `Program.cs` file configures the authentication services to use JWT bearer tokens to authenticate users through the `.AddJwtBearer()` method. The Issuer and Audience settings used by the JWT verification code are set in the `appsettings.json` file under the `Authentication` section. The `options.Events` section configures the JWT bearer authentication to use the `OnMessageReceived` event to read the JWT from the `app.at` cookie if it is present. By default, the JWT bearer authentication will only read the JWT from the `Authorization` header. With this code, the JWT can be passed in either the `Authorization` header or the `app.at` cookie.

The application is now configured to use FusionAuth JWTs for authentication. Next, you'll add some routes to the application.

### Write C# Code

Now you are going to write some C# code. You are going to write two API controllers and their corresponding model objects.

### Add Model Objects

We will need response objects for the API to return. One is the `PanicResponse`, which returns a message when a successful `POST` call is made to `/panic`. 

Create a `Models` folder.

```shell
mkdir Models
```

In the `Models` folder, create a new class `PanicResponse.cs`.

```shell
touch Models/PanicResponse.cs
```

Add the following code to it.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/Models/PanicResponse.cs"}
            lang="c#"/>

Next, you need an object to show the breakdown from making change. This object will hold a double `total` and Integers `nickels` and `pennies`. In the `Models` folder, create a new class `Change.cs`.

```shell
touch Models/Change.cs
```

Add the following code to it.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/Models/Change.cs"}
            lang="c#"/>

### Add Controllers

Now you need to add controllers to handle API calls. In the `Controllers` folder, add a new class `MakeChangeController.cs`.

```shell
touch Controllers/MakeChangeController.cs
```

Add the following code to it.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/Controllers/MakeChangeController.cs"}
            lang="c#" />

In this class, a `total` is an HTTP request query parameter that is converted to a `double`, and the `get` method divides the `total` into `nickels` and `pennies` and returns the response object.

Note the `[Authorize("teller,customer")]` attribute which adds the magic of ASP.NET role-based authorization to the route. The ASP.NET JWT Bearer package automatically reads out the roles claimed in the user token, and then adds them to the user object. For example, a decoded JWT for a teller user would look like this:


```json
{
  "aud": "e9fdb985-9173-4e01-9d73-ac2d60d1dc8e",
  "exp": 1689289585,
  "iat": 1689285985,
  "iss": "http://localhost:9011",
  "sub": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-111111111111",
  "jti": "ebaa4184-2320-47dd-925b-2e18756c635f",
  "authenticationType": "PASSWORD",
  "email": "teller@example.com",
  "email_verified": true,
  "applicationId": "e9fdb985-9173-4e01-9d73-ac2d60d1dc8e",
  "roles": [
    "teller"
  ],
  "auth_time": 1689285985,
  "tid": "d7d09513-a3f5-401c-9685-34ab6c552453"
}
```

ASP.NET reads the `roles` field, adds those roles to the user, and tests the user for the roles via the `Authorize` attribute.

Now, add a controller for tellers to call in an emergency. In the `Controllers` folder add a class `PanicController.cs`.

```shell
touch Controllers/PanicController.cs
```

Add the following code to it.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/Controllers/PanicController.cs"}
            lang="c#" />

This class listens on `/panic` for a POST request and returns a response indicating that the police were called. The attributes are the same as the `MakeChangeController.cs` route, except that this is a `POST` request, so it is named `Post` and has the `[HttpPost]` attribute marking it as such. 

## Run The API

Start the API resource server with the following command.

```shell
dotnet run
```

This command will build and run the project, which should be running on port 5001.

### Get A Token

There are [several ways to acquire a token](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/) in FusionAuth but for this example, you will use the [Login API](/docs/apis/login) to keep things simple.

First, try the requests as the `teller@example.com` user. Based on the kickstart configuration this user has the `teller` role and should be able to call both `/make-change` and `/panic`.

Acquire an access token for `teller@example` by making the following request in a new terminal window.

```shell
curl --location 'http://localhost:9011/api/login' \
--header 'Authorization: this_really_should_be_a_long_random_alphanumeric_value_but_this_still_works' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data-raw '{
  "loginId": "teller@example.com",
  "password": "password",
  "applicationId": "e9fdb985-9173-4e01-9d73-ac2d60d1dc8e"
}'
```

Copy the `token` from the response, which should look like the following.

```json
{
   "token": "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCIsImtpZCI6InVOYl9iQzFySHZZTnZMc285VzRkOEprZkxLWSJ9.eyJhdWQiOiJlOWZkYjk4NS05MTczLTRlMDEtOWQ3My1hYzJkNjBkMWRjOGUiLCJleHAiOjE2ODkzNTMwNTksImlhdCI6MTY4OTM1Mjk5OSwiaXNzIjoiaHR0cDovL2xvY2FsaG9zdDo5MDExIiwic3ViIjoiMDAwMDAwMDAtMDAwMC0wMDAwLTAwMDAtMTExMTExMTExMTExIiwianRpIjoiY2MzNWNiYjUtYzQzYy00OTRjLThmZjMtOGE4YWI1NTI0M2FjIiwiYXV0aGVudGljYXRpb25UeXBlIjoiUEFTU1dPUkQiLCJlbWFpbCI6InRlbGxlckBleGFtcGxlLmNvbSIsImVtYWlsX3ZlcmlmaWVkIjp0cnVlLCJhcHBsaWNhdGlvbklkIjoiZTlmZGI5ODUtOTE3My00ZTAxLTlkNzMtYWMyZDYwZDFkYzhlIiwicm9sZXMiOlsiY3VzdG9tZXIiLCJ0ZWxsZXIiXSwiYXV0aF90aW1lIjoxNjg5MzUyOTk5LCJ0aWQiOiJkN2QwOTUxMy1hM2Y1LTQwMWMtOTY4NS0zNGFiNmM1NTI0NTMifQ.WLzI9hSsCDn3ZoHKA9gaifkd6ASjT03JUmROGFZaezz9xfVbO3quJXEpUpI3poLozYxVcj2hrxKpNT9b7Sp16CUahev5tM0-4_FaYlmUEoMZBKo2JRSH8hg-qVDvnpeu8nL6FXxJII0IK4FNVwrQVFmAz99ZCf7m5xruQSziXPrfDYSU-3OZJ3SRuvD8bMopSiyRvZLx6YjWfBsvGSmMXeh_8vHG5fVkq5w1IkaDdugHnivtJIivHuCfl38kQBgw9rAqJLJoKRHHW0Ha7vHIcS6OCWWMDIIVspLyQNcLC16pL9Nss_5v9HMofow1OvQ9sUSMrbbkipjKq2peSjG7qA",
   "tokenExpirationInstant": 1689353059670,
   "user": {
      ...
   }
}
```

### Make The Request

You can provide the token to the resource API via a cookie named `app.at` or in the HTTP `Authorization` header.

Now make a request to `/make-change` with a query parameter `total=5.12` using either of the above methods.

This is a request using the `Authorization` header. 

```shell
curl --location 'http://localhost:5001/makeChange?total=5.12' \
--header 'Authorization: Bearer <your_token>'
```

This is a request using a cookie. 

```shell
curl --location 'http://localhost:5001/makeChange?total=5.12' \
--cookie 'app.at=<your_token>'
```

Your response should look like below.

```json
{
  "total": 5.12,
  "nickels": 102,
  "pennies": 2
}
```

You were authorized, success! You can try making the request without the `Authorization` header or with a different string rather than a valid token, and see that you are denied access.

Next, call the `/panic` endpoint because you are in trouble!

Call the endpoint using the `Authorization` header as follows. 

```shell
curl --location --request POST 'http://localhost:5001/panic' \
--header 'Authorization: Bearer <your_token>'
```

Call the endpoint using a cookie like this.

```shell
curl --location --request POST 'http://localhost:5001/panic' \
--cookie 'app.at=<your_token>'
```

This is a POST not a GET because you want all your emergency calls to be non-idempotent.

Your response should look like the following.

```shell
{
  "message": "We've called the police!"
}
```

Nice, help is on the way!

Now let's try as `customer@example.com`, who has the role `customer`. Acquire a token for `customer@example.com`.

```shell
curl --location 'http://localhost:9011/api/login' \
--header 'Authorization: this_really_should_be_a_long_random_alphanumeric_value_but_this_still_works' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data-raw '{
  "loginId": "customer@example.com",
  "password": "password",
  "applicationId": "e9fdb985-9173-4e01-9d73-ac2d60d1dc8e"
}'
```

Your response should look like the following.

```json
{
  "token": "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCIsImtpZCI6InVOYl9iQzFySHZZTnZMc285VzRkOEprZkxLWSJ9.eyJhdWQiOiJlOWZkYjk4NS05MTczLTRlMDEtOWQ3My1hYzJkNjBkMWRjOGUiLCJleHAiOjE2ODkzNTQxMjMsImlhdCI6MTY4OTM1MzUyMywiaXNzIjoiaHR0cDovL2xvY2FsaG9zdDo5MDExIiwic3ViIjoiMDAwMDAwMDAtMDAwMC0wMDAwLTAwMDAtMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyIiwianRpIjoiYjc2YWMwMGMtMDdmNi00NzkzLTgzMjgtODM4M2M3MGU4MWUzIiwiYXV0aGVudGljYXRpb25UeXBlIjoiUEFTU1dPUkQiLCJlbWFpbCI6ImN1c3RvbWVyQGV4YW1wbGUuY29tIiwiZW1haWxfdmVyaWZpZWQiOnRydWUsImFwcGxpY2F0aW9uSWQiOiJlOWZkYjk4NS05MTczLTRlMDEtOWQ3My1hYzJkNjBkMWRjOGUiLCJyb2xlcyI6WyJjdXN0b21lciJdLCJhdXRoX3RpbWUiOjE2ODkzNTM1MjMsInRpZCI6ImQ3ZDA5NTEzLWEzZjUtNDAxYy05Njg1LTM0YWI2YzU1MjQ1MyJ9.T1bELQ6a_ItOS0_YYpvqhIVknVMNeamcoC7BWnPjg2lgA9XpCmFA2mVnycoeuz-mSOHbp2cCoauP5opxehBR2lCn4Sz0If6PqgJgXKEpxh5pAxCPt91UyfjH8hGDqE3rDh7E4Hqn7mb-dFFwdfX7CMdKvC3dppMbXAGCZTl0LizApw5KIG9Wmt670339pSf5lzD38P9WAG5Wr7fAmVrIJPVu6yv2FoR-pMYD2lnAF63HWKknrWB-khmhr9ZKRLXKhP1UK-ThY1FSnmpp8eNblsBqCxf6WaYxYkdp5_F2e56M4sQwHzrg4P9tZGVCmMri4dShF3Ck7OGa7hel-iIPew",
  "tokenExpirationInstant": 1689354123118,
  "user": {
    ...
  }
}
```

Now use the token to call `/make-change` with a query parameter `total=3.24`.

Use the `Authorization` header as follows.

```shell
curl --location 'http://localhost:5001/makeChange?total=3.24' \
--header 'Authorization: Bearer <your_token>'
```

Or use a cookie like this.

```shell
curl --location 'http://localhost:5001/makeChange?total=3.24' \
--cookie 'app.at=<your_token>'
```

Your response should look like the following.

```json
{
  "total": 3.24,
  "nickels": 64,
  "pennies": 4
}
```

So far so good. Now let's try to call the `/panic` endpoint. We'll add the `-i` flag to see the headers of the response.

Make the call using the `Authorization` header like this.

```shell
curl -i --request POST 'http://localhost:5001/panic' \
--header 'Authorization: Bearer <your_token>'
```

Or using a cookie like this.

```shell
curl -i --request POST 'http://localhost:5001/panic' \
--cookie 'app.at=<your_token>'
```

Your response should look like the following.

```shell
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Content-Length: 0
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 08:29:09 GMT
Server: Kestrel
```

Uh oh, I guess you are not allowed to do that. Notice that it returns a `403 Forbidden` rather than a `401 Unauthorized`, which means it has authenticated the user but the user is forbidden to access that particular resource.

Enjoy your secured resource server!

<QuickstartTshirtCTA/>

## Next Steps

<NextStepsApi />

## Troubleshooting

* I get `Failed to connect to localhost port 9011: Couldn't connect to server` when I call the Login API.

Ensure FusionAuth is running in the Docker container. You should be able to log in as the admin user, `admin@example.com` with a password of `password` at [http://localhost:9011/admin](http://localhost:9011/admin).

* The `/panic` endpoint doesn't work when I call it.

Make sure you are making a `POST` call and using a token with the `teller` role.

* It still doesn't work

You can always pull down a complete running application and compare what's different.

```shell
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-dotnet-api.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-dotnet-api
docker compose up -d
cd complete-application
dotnet run
```

# Golang API

import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import DockerSpinup from '/src/components/quickstarts/DockerSpinup.astro';
import Intro from '/src/components/quickstarts/Intro.astro';
import {Content as LoginArchitectureApi} from '/src/components/quickstarts/LoginArchitectureApi.mdx';
import NextStepsApi from '/src/components/quickstarts/NextStepsApi.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import QuickstartTshirtCTA from '/src/components/quickstarts/QuickstartTshirtCTA.astro'

<Intro technology="Go"
       repositoryUrl="https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-golang-api"
       api/>

## Prerequisites

- [Go](https://go.dev/): This quickstart was built using Golang 1.21.0. This example may work on different versions of Golang, but it has not been tested.
- [Docker](https://www.docker.com): The quickest way to stand up FusionAuth. Ensure you also have [docker compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/) installed.
- (Alternatively, you can [Install FusionAuth Manually](/docs/get-started/download-and-install)).

## General Architecture

<LoginArchitectureApi />

## Getting Started

In this section, you’ll get FusionAuth up and running and create a resource server which will serve the API.

### Clone The Code

First off, grab the code from the repository and change into that directory.

```
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-golang-api.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-golang-api
```

### Run FusionAuth Via Docker

<DockerSpinup kickstartUri={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} api />

## Create Your Golang Resource Server Application

Now you are going to create a Golang API application. While this section builds a simple API, you can use the same configuration to integrate an existing API with FusionAuth.

We are going to be building an API backend for a banking application called ChangeBank. This API will have two endpoints:
- `make-change`: This endpoint will allow you to call GET with a `total` amount and receive a response indicating how many nickels and pennies are needed to make change. Valid roles are `customer` and `teller`.
- `panic`: Tellers may call this endpoint to call the police in case of an incident. The only valid role is `teller`.

Both endpoints will be protected such that a valid JSON web token (JWT) will be required in the `Authorization` header in order to be accessed. Additionally, the JWT must have a `roles` claim containing the appropriate role to use the endpoint.

<Aside type="note">
If you simply want to run the application , there is a completed version in the 'complete-application' directory. You can use the following commands to get it up and running if you do not want to create your own.

```shell
cd complete-application
go get
go run main.go
```

You can then follow the instructions in the Run the API section started at Get a Token.
</Aside>

To create the application from scratch, make a directory for this API.

```
mkdir your-application && cd your-application
```

### Initialize The Application

Initialize the Golang application using the following:

```
go mod init your-application
```

### Write Golang Code

<Aside type="note">
This tutorial puts all these classes in the same package for simplicity, but for a production application, you'd separate these out.
</Aside>

Now you are going to write some Golang code. You need to create a file called `main.go`. You'll be building it step by step, adding code each step.

Here you will add the package clause and import declarations below:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/main.go"} tags="package-imports"
  lang="go"/>

Next, you will need to add a couple of structures to help manage the data for making change.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/main.go"} tags="define-struct"
  lang="go"/>

You will also need to declare a variable and assign the value of the public key for the application. The value for this key will be set later in the application. Declare this variable below the import declarations.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/main.go"} tags="verify-key"
  lang="go"/>

### Add Handlers and Functions

Create the main function for the application.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/main.go"} tags="main"
  lang="go"/>

Next, you are going to add some handlers. This tells the application how to handle specific requests. Notice the `isAuthorized` function wrapping around the `panic` and `makeChange` functions. We will implement this function later and it is what will validate the token and verify the roles. This function will also stand up the HTTP listener on port `9001`.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/main.go"} tags="handlers"
  lang="go"/>

You will write two functions that will return values when users access them. These functions are called by the handlers. One is the `panic` which returns a message when a successful `POST` call is made to `/panic`. This will also display a message if the request is not made through a `POST`. This API has no relation to the `panic` method in go, it's for a teller panicking when ChangeBank is being robbed.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/main.go"} tags="panic-function"
  lang="go"/>

Next you need a function to show the breakdown from making change for a given dollar amount. This function will get the `total` value from the query string. If the `total` cannot be cast to a `float64`, the function will return a message stating that. If the `total` is a valid number, the function will return the description of the change.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/main.go"} tags="make-change-function"
  lang="go"/>

### Add Security

Now you need to implement the `isAuthorized` function used by the handlers. Now, you'll protect your endpoints based on the `roles` encoded in the JWT you receive from FusionAuth. The decoded payload of a JWT for a `teller` might look like this:

```json
{
  "aud": "e9fdb985-9173-4e01-9d73-ac2d60d1dc8e",
  "exp": 1689289585,
  "iat": 1689285985,
  "iss": "http://localhost:9011",
  "sub": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-111111111111",
  "jti": "ebaa4184-2320-47dd-925b-2e18756c635f",
  "authenticationType": "PASSWORD",
  "email": "teller@example.com",
  "email_verified": true,
  "applicationId": "e9fdb985-9173-4e01-9d73-ac2d60d1dc8e",
  "roles": [
    "teller"
  ],
  "auth_time": 1689285985,
  "tid": "d7d09513-a3f5-401c-9685-34ab6c552453"
}
```

You need to validate the token and make sure the user has the appropriate role to access the API. You can do so by adding the following code:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/main.go"} tags="authorization"
  lang="go"/>

There is a lot of code in this function. Let's break it down:
- First you validate some claims. Notice the `checkAudience` that makes sure the token is intended for this application and `checkIss` to make sure the issuer is as expected.
- `SetPublicKey`, which is a function we will create later, retrieves the public key for the JWT.
- After the key has been set, the `golang-jwt/jwt` will validate the signature and expiration date.
- Once the token is validated, you will need to take a look at the roles.
- The code will look to see which page is being called and then create an array for the roles that are valid for that request in `validRoles`.
     - The `containsRole` function will be created as well and that creates an array with the intersection of roles that are allowed and roles that are required. If the length of that intersection is greater than 1 then the user has the proper role.
- Once the roles have been validated, then the endpoint is served.

Now, you will add the code to set the public key. This function will accept the key Id from the token and call the authorization server to get the public key with that key Id and put it in the proper format to be used.

<Aside type="note">
Different tokens can be signed with different keys. In this example there is only one key used. If the key is already set, the application will not attempt to set it again. In a production environment you could store this key on the server or set it once on initialization. If your API serves several applications, you will need to get the correct public key for each application if the signing keys are different between applications. It should also be noted that you could use [JWKS](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#json-web-key-set-jwks), a standard for retrieving public keys, but this example uses FusionAuth's proprietary APIs.
</Aside>

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/main.go"} tags="set-public-key"
  lang="go"/>

Then add the code to compare the required roles to the user's roles based on the token.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/main.go"} tags="contains-role"
  lang="go"/>

Finally you will add two helper functions. `GetFunctionName` will return the name of the function being called by the endpoint. `SetWriterReturn` will format the response properly.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/main.go"} tags="helper"
  lang="go"/>

That is all the code for the sample application. Save the `main.go` file.

## Run the API

Start the API resource server by running:

In a command shell window, navigate to the root directory of your API.

```shell
cd your-application
go get
go run main.go
```

### Get a Token

There are [several ways to acquire a token](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/) in FusionAuth, but for this example you will use the [Login API](/docs/apis/login) to keep things simple.

First let's try the requests as the `teller@example.com` user. Based on the configuration this user has the `teller` role and should be able to use both `/make-change` and `/panic`.

1. Acquire an access token for `teller@example.com` by making the following request

```shell
curl --location 'http://localhost:9011/api/login' \
--header 'Authorization: this_really_should_be_a_long_random_alphanumeric_value_but_this_still_works' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data-raw '{
  "loginId": "teller@example.com",
  "password": "password",
  "applicationId": "e9fdb985-9173-4e01-9d73-ac2d60d1dc8e"
}'
```
Copy the `token` from the response, which should look like this:

```json
{
    "token": "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCIsImtpZCI6InVOYl9iQzFySHZZTnZMc285VzRkOEprZkxLWSJ9.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.WLzI9hSsCDn3ZoHKA9gaifkd6ASjT03JUmROGFZaezz9xfVbO3quJXEpUpI3poLozYxVcj2hrxKpNT9b7Sp16CUahev5tM0-4_FaYlmUEoMZBKo2JRSH8hg-qVDvnpeu8nL6FXxJII0IK4FNVwrQVFmAz99ZCf7m5xruQSziXPrfDYSU-3OZJ3SRuvD8bMopSiyRvZLx6YjWfBsvGSmMXeh_8vHG5fVkq5w1IkaDdugHnivtJIivHuCfl38kQBgw9rAqJLJoKRHHW0Ha7vHIcS6OCWWMDIIVspLyQNcLC16pL9Nss_5v9HMofow1OvQ9sUSMrbbkipjKq2peSjG7qA",
    "tokenExpirationInstant": 1689353059670,
    "user": {
        ...
    }
}
```

### Make the Request

<Aside type="note">
The code is set up to extract the token from either a cookie or the `Authorization` header so depending on your preference you can replace `--cookie 'app.at=<your_token>'` with `--header 'Authorization: Bearer <your_token>'` when making requests to the API.

If you use a cookie, make sure you store it in a secure, HttpOnly cookie to avoid exfiltration attacks. See [Storing OAuth Tokens](/articles/oauth/oauth-token-storage) for more information.
</Aside>

Make a request to `/make-change` with a query parameter `total=1.02`. Use the `token` as the `app.at` cookie.
Use the `token` as a `Bearer` token in the `Authorization` header. Make a request to `/make-change` with a query parameter `total=5.12`.

```shell
curl 'http://localhost:9001/make-change?total=1.02' --cookie 'app.at=<your_token>' 
```

The response should look similar to below, however it has been formatted here for readability:

```json
{
  "Message": "We can make change using 20 quarters 1 dimes 0 nickels 2 pennies",
  "Change": [
    {
      "Denomination": "quarters",
      "Count": 20
    },
    {
      "Denomination": "dimes",
      "Count": 1
    },
    {
      "Denomination": "nickels",
      "Count": 0
    },
    {
      "Denomination": "pennies",
      "Count": 2
    }
  ]
}
```

You were authorized, success! You can try making the request without the `Authorization` header or with a different string rather than a valid token, and see that you are denied access.

Next call the `/panic` endpoint because you are in trouble!

```shell
curl --location --request POST 'http://localhost:9001/panic' \
--cookie 'app.at=<your_token>'
```

This is a `POST` not a get because you want all your emergency calls to be non-idempotent.

Your response should look like this:

```json
{"message":"We've called the police!"}
```

Nice, help is on the way!

Now let's try as `customer@example.com` who has the role `customer`. Acquire a token for `customer@example.com`.

```shell
curl --location 'http://localhost:9011/api/login' \
--header 'Authorization: this_really_should_be_a_long_random_alphanumeric_value_but_this_still_works' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data-raw '{
  "loginId": "customer@example.com",
  "password": "password",
  "applicationId": "e9fdb985-9173-4e01-9d73-ac2d60d1dc8e"
}'
```

Your response should look like this:

```json
{
    "token": "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCIsImtpZCI6InVOYl9iQzFySHZZTnZMc285VzRkOEprZkxLWSJ9.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.T1bELQ6a_ItOS0_YYpvqhIVknVMNeamcoC7BWnPjg2lgA9XpCmFA2mVnycoeuz-mSOHbp2cCoauP5opxehBR2lCn4Sz0If6PqgJgXKEpxh5pAxCPt91UyfjH8hGDqE3rDh7E4Hqn7mb-dFFwdfX7CMdKvC3dppMbXAGCZTl0LizApw5KIG9Wmt670339pSf5lzD38P9WAG5Wr7fAmVrIJPVu6yv2FoR-pMYD2lnAF63HWKknrWB-khmhr9ZKRLXKhP1UK-ThY1FSnmpp8eNblsBqCxf6WaYxYkdp5_F2e56M4sQwHzrg4P9tZGVCmMri4dShF3Ck7OGa7hel-iIPew",
    "tokenExpirationInstant": 1689354123118,
    "user": {
        ...
    }
}
```

Now use that token to call `/make-change` with a query parameter `total=3.24`

```shell
curl --location 'http://localhost:9001/make-change?total=3.24' \
--cookie 'app.at=<your_token>'
```

The response should look similar to below, however it has been formatted here for readability:

```json
{
  "Message": "We can make change using 12 quarters 2 dimes 0 nickels 4 pennies",
  "Change": [
    {
      "Denomination": "quarters",
      "Count": 12
    },
    {
      "Denomination": "dimes",
      "Count": 2
    },
    {
      "Denomination": "nickels",
      "Count": 0
    },
    {
      "Denomination": "pennies",
      "Count": 4
    }
  ]
}
```

So far so good. Now let's try to call the `/panic` endpoint. (We're adding the `-i` flag to see the headers of the response)

```shell
curl -i --request POST 'http://localhost:9001/panic' \
--cookie 'app.at=<your_token>'
```

Your should receive a `401 Unauthorized` response with the following message:

```json
{"message":"Proper role not found for user"}
```

Looks like this user does not have access to this function. Enjoy your secured resource server!

<QuickstartTshirtCTA/>

## Next Steps

<NextStepsApi />

## Troubleshooting

* I get `This site can’t be reached localhost refused to connect.` when I call the Login API.

Ensure FusionAuth is running in the Docker container. You should be able to login as the admin user, `admin@example.com` with a password of `password` at [http://localhost:9011/admin](http://localhost:9011/admin).

* The `/panic` endpoint doesn't work when I call it.

Make sure you are making a `POST` call and using a token with the `teller` role.

* I get an error message: `curl: (52) Empty reply from server`

Make sure you are using the correct `Authorization` header. If you don't have `Bearer ` in front of your token, you will see this error message.

* I get a message `invalid signing method`.

Make sure you are providing the application Id on the login request. This ensures that the JWT is signed with the correct key.


* It still doesn't work

You can always pull down a complete running application and compare what's different.

```
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-golang-api.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-golang-api
docker compose up -d
cd complete-application
go get
go run main.go
```

# Spring Boot API

import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import DockerSpinup from '/src/components/quickstarts/DockerSpinup.astro';
import Intro from '/src/components/quickstarts/Intro.astro';
import {Content as LoginArchitectureApi} from '/src/components/quickstarts/LoginArchitectureApi.mdx';
import NextStepsApi from '/src/components/quickstarts/NextStepsApi.astro';
import SpringBootPreReqs from '/src/components/quickstarts/springboot-prereqs.mdx';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import QuickstartTshirtCTA from '/src/components/quickstarts/QuickstartTshirtCTA.astro'

<Intro technology="Java Spring Boot"
       repositoryUrl="https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-springboot-api"
       api/>

## Prerequisites

<SpringBootPreReqs/>

## General Architecture

<LoginArchitectureApi />

## Getting Started

In this section, you’ll get FusionAuth up and running and create a resource server which will serve the API.

### Clone The Code

First off, grab the code from the repository and change into that directory.

```
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-springboot-api.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-java-springboot-api
```

### Run FusionAuth Via Docker

<DockerSpinup kickstartUri={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} api />

## Create Your Spring Boot Resource Server Application

Now you are going to create a Spring Boot API application. While this section builds a simple API, you can use the same configuration to integrate an existing API with FusionAuth.

We are going to be building an API backend for a banking application called ChangeBank. This API will have two endpoints:
- `make-change`: This endpoint will allow you to call GET with a `total` amount and receive a response indicating how many nickels and pennies are needed to make change. Valid roles are `customer` and `teller`.
- `panic`: Tellers may call this endpoint to call the police in case of an incident. The only valid role is `teller`.

Both endpoints will be protected such that a valid JSON web token (JWT) will be required in a cookie or the `Authorization` header in order to be accessed. Additionally, the JWT must have a `roles` claim containing the appropriate role to use the endpoint.

Make a directory for this API. 

```
mkdir spring-api && cd spring-api
```

### Get The Template

<a href='https://start.spring.io/' target='_blank'>Go to the Initializr site</a> and download your own starter package. You will rely on two dependencies for this project:

- OAuth2 Resource Server
- Spring Web

This example uses:

* Maven
* Spring Boot version `3.1.1`
* Java 17
* A `Group` of `io.fusionauth.quickstart`.
* A `Name` of `FusionAuthQuickstart`.
* An `Artifact` of `springapi`.

If you choose different options, the configuration and code may be different.

Download and unzip the package into the `spring-api` directory. 

```
mv /path/to/downloads/springapi.zip .
unzip springapi.zip
mv springapi/* .
mv springapi/.* .
rm springapi.zip
rmdir springapi
```

### Install the Dependencies

```shell
./mvnw package
```
<Aside type="note">If you are on Windows substitute `./mvnw` with `.\mvnw.cmd`</Aside>

### Configure the Spring Application Properties

Open `src/main/resources/application.properties`.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/src/main/resources/application.properties"}
            lang="ini"/>

We need two properties here:
- `spring.security.oauth2.resourceserver.jwt.issuer-uri` - This is set to the location of FusionAuth. Spring will call the `OpenID Connect Discovery` endpoint which can be found under the details view for the Example Application in the [Applications View](http://localhost:9011/admin/application/) in the FusionAuth admin app. This endpoint allows Spring to look up all the OAuth metadata that it needs to validate tokens created by FusionAuth.
- `spring.security.oauth2.resourceserver.jwt.audiences` - This is a list of the application ids in FusionAuth allowed for this resource server. FusionAuth will populate this in the `aud` claim of the JWTs and you will use that claim to validate that the token is intended for this resource server.

If you are using the kickstart the OAuth metadata URL will be `http://localhost:9011/.well-known/openid-configuration/d7d09513-a3f5-401c-9685-34ab6c552453`.

### Write Java Code

Now you are going to write some Java code. You are going to write two API controllers, their corresponding model objects and some Spring configuration.

This tutorial puts all these classes in the same package for simplicity, but for a production application, you'd separate these out.

### Add Model Objects

We will need response objects for the API to return. One is the `PanicResponse` which returns a message when a successful `POST` call is made to `/panic`. In the base package create a new class `PanicResponse.java`.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/src/main/java/io/fusionauth/quickstart/springapi/PanicResponse.java"}
            lang="java"/>

Next you need an object to show the breakdown from making change. This object will hold a BigDecimal `total` and Integers `nickels` and `pennies`. In the base package create a new class `Change.java`.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/src/main/java/io/fusionauth/quickstart/springapi/Change.java"}
            lang="java"/>

### Add Controllers

Next you need to add controllers to handle API calls. In the base package add a new class `MakeChangeController.java`.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/src/main/java/io/fusionauth/quickstart/springapi/MakeChangeController.java"}
            lang="java" />

In this class a `total` is a HTTP request query parameter that is converted to a `BigDecimal`, and the `get` method divides the `total` into `nickels` and `pennies` and returns the response object.

There are three annotations that are important for the controller to work:

- `@RestController` tells Spring this is a `Controller` that returns a `ResponseBody`
- `@RequestMapping` tells Spring which path this controller responds to
- `@GetMapping` tells Spring this method handles GET requests

Now, add a controller for tellers to call in an emergency. In the base package add a class `PanicController.java`.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/src/main/java/io/fusionauth/quickstart/springapi/PanicController.java"}
            lang="java" />

This class listens on `/panic` for a POST request and returns a response indicating that the police were called. The annotations are the same as `MakeChangeController.java` except for `@PostMapping` indicates a POST request handler.

### Add Security

So far you have not done anything with auth, and the controllers are unaware of authentication at all. Now, you'll protect your endpoints based on the `roles` encoded in the JWT you receive from FusionAuth. The decoded payload of a JWT for a `teller` might look like this:

```json
{
  "aud": "e9fdb985-9173-4e01-9d73-ac2d60d1dc8e",
  "exp": 1689289585,
  "iat": 1689285985,
  "iss": "http://localhost:9011",
  "sub": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-111111111111",
  "jti": "ebaa4184-2320-47dd-925b-2e18756c635f",
  "authenticationType": "PASSWORD",
  "email": "teller@example.com",
  "email_verified": true,
  "applicationId": "e9fdb985-9173-4e01-9d73-ac2d60d1dc8e",
  "roles": [
    "teller"
  ],
  "auth_time": 1689285985,
  "tid": "d7d09513-a3f5-401c-9685-34ab6c552453"
}
```

You need to tell Spring how to parse the `roles` out of the claim in the JWT, and for that you need a `Converter`. In the base package add a class `CustomJwtAuthenticationConverter.java`:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/src/main/java/io/fusionauth/quickstart/springapi/CustomJwtAuthenticationConverter.java"}
            lang="java" />

This class implements the `Converter` interface and takes the `roles` claim and maps it to a `Collection<GrantedAuthority>` Spring will use to authorize the user. We set these as the `authorities` on the AuthenticationToken.

Because you are using a custom converter you also need to check the audience. Pull out the `aud` claim and validate that at least one of them is in the list of configured audiences for this application.

Now you can add a security configuration. In the base package create a new class `SecurityConfiguration.java`.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/src/main/java/io/fusionauth/quickstart/springapi/SecurityConfiguration.java"}
            lang="java" />

This class does a lot in a few lines of code. Let's break it down:
- `@Configuration` tells spring to autowire this configuration class and `@Bean` wires the `SecurityFilterChain` which will add the rules for handling the security on HTTP requests.
- `OAuth2ResourceServerProperties` is injected into the configuration bean and holds the values you defined in the `application.properties` file.
- The custom `BearerTokenResolver` looks in both the `app.at` cookie and the `Authorization` header for the access token
- In the `SecurityFilterChain` you do the following:
  1. Get `audiences` list from the `OAuth2ResourceServerProperties`
  2. Create a new instance of `CustomJwtAuthenticationConverter` and pass it the `audiences` list
  3. Tell the filter chain that any requests to `/make-change` must have the `customer` or `teller` role defined in the `GrantedAuthority` list you extract from the JWT.
  4. Tell the filter chain that any requests to `/panic` must have the `teller` role defined in the `GrantedAuthority` list you extract from the JWT.
  5. Set the `oauth2ResourceServer` configuration to use the `CustomJwtAuthenticationConverter` you defined above.
- `JwtDecoder` this bean tells spring to decode the JWT in the request using the information from the `issuer` you defined in the properties file.

<Aside type="note">The `NimbusJwtDecoder` will automatically check that the token is not expired based on the `exp` claim.</Aside>

## Run the API

Start the API resource server by running:

```
./mvnw spring-boot:run
```

### Get a Token

There are [several ways to acquire a token](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/) in FusionAuth, but for this example you will use the [Login API](/docs/apis/login) to keep things simple.

First let's try the requests as the `teller@example.com` user. Based on the configuration this user has the `teller` role and should be able to use both `/make-change` and `/panic`.

1. Acquire an access token for `teller@example` by making the following request

   ```shell
   curl --location 'http://localhost:9011/api/login' \
   --header 'Authorization: this_really_should_be_a_long_random_alphanumeric_value_but_this_still_works' \
   --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
   --data-raw '{
     "loginId": "teller@example.com",
     "password": "password",
     "applicationId": "e9fdb985-9173-4e01-9d73-ac2d60d1dc8e"
   }'
   ```

1. Copy the `token` from the response, which should look like this:

   ```json
   {
       "token": "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCIsImtpZCI6InVOYl9iQzFySHZZTnZMc285VzRkOEprZkxLWSJ9.eyJhdWQiOiJlOWZkYjk4NS05MTczLTRlMDEtOWQ3M   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.WLzI9hSsCDn3ZoHKA9gaifkd6ASjT03JUmROGFZaezz9xfVbO3quJXEpUpI3poLozYxVcj2hrxKpNT9b7Sp16CUahev5tM0-4_FaYlmUEoMZBKo2JRSH8hg-qVDvnpeu8nL6FXxJII0IK4FNVwrQVFmAz99ZCf7m5xruQSziXPrfDYSU-3OZJ3SRuvD8bMopSiyRvZLx6YjWfBsvGSmMXeh_8vHG5fVkq5w1IkaDdugHnivtJIivHuCfl38kQBgw9rAqJLJoKRHHW0Ha7vHIcS6OCWWMDIIVspLyQNcLC16pL9Nss_5v9HMofow1OvQ9sUSMrbbkipjKq2peSjG7qA",
       "tokenExpirationInstant": 1689353059670,
       "user": {
           ...
       }
   }
   ```

### Make The Request

<Aside type="note">
The code is set up to extract the token from either a cookie or the `Authorization` header so depending on your preference you can replace `--cookie 'app.at=<your_token>'` with `--header 'Authorization: Bearer <your_token>'` when making requests to the API.

If you use a cookie, make sure you store it in a secure, HttpOnly cookie to avoid exfiltration attacks. See [Storing OAuth Tokens](/articles/oauth/oauth-token-storage) for more information.
</Aside>

Make a request to `/make-change` with a query parameter `total=5.12`. Use the `token` as the `app.at` cookie.

```shell
curl --location 'http://localhost:8080/make-change?total=5.12' \
--cookie 'app.at=<your_token>'
```

Your response should look like this:

```json
{
    "total": 5.12,
    "nickels": 102,
    "pennies": 2
}
```

You were authorized, success! You can try making the request without the `Authorization` header or with a different string rather than a valid token, and see that you are denied access.

Next call the `/panic` endpoint because you are in trouble!

```shell
curl --location --request POST 'http://localhost:8080/panic' \
--cookie 'app.at=<your_token>'
```

This is a `POST` not a get because you want all your emergency calls to be non-idempotent.

Your response should look like this:

```shell
{
    "message": "We've called the police!"
}
```

Nice, help is on the way!

Now let's try as `customer@example.com` who has the role `customer`. Acquire a token for `customer@example.com`.

```shell
curl --location 'http://localhost:9011/api/login' \
--header 'Authorization: this_really_should_be_a_long_random_alphanumeric_value_but_this_still_works' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data-raw '{
  "loginId": "customer@example.com",
  "password": "password",
  "applicationId": "e9fdb985-9173-4e01-9d73-ac2d60d1dc8e"
}'
```

Your response should look like this:

```json
{
    "token": "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCIsImtpZCI6InVOYl9iQzFySHZZTnZMc285VzRkOEprZkxLWSJ9.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.T1bELQ6a_ItOS0_YYpvqhIVknVMNeamcoC7BWnPjg2lgA9XpCmFA2mVnycoeuz-mSOHbp2cCoauP5opxehBR2lCn4Sz0If6PqgJgXKEpxh5pAxCPt91UyfjH8hGDqE3rDh7E4Hqn7mb-dFFwdfX7CMdKvC3dppMbXAGCZTl0LizApw5KIG9Wmt670339pSf5lzD38P9WAG5Wr7fAmVrIJPVu6yv2FoR-pMYD2lnAF63HWKknrWB-khmhr9ZKRLXKhP1UK-ThY1FSnmpp8eNblsBqCxf6WaYxYkdp5_F2e56M4sQwHzrg4P9tZGVCmMri4dShF3Ck7OGa7hel-iIPew",
    "tokenExpirationInstant": 1689354123118,
    "user": {
        ...
    }
}
```

Now use that token to call `/make-change` with a query parameter `total=3.24`

```shell
curl --location 'http://localhost:8080/make-change?total=3.24' \
--cookie 'app.at=<your_token>'
```

Your response should look like this:

```json
{
    "total": 3.24,
    "nickels": 64,
    "pennies": 4
}
```

So far so good. Now let's try to call the `/panic` endpoint. (We're adding the `-i` flag to see the headers of the response)

```shell
curl -i --request POST 'http://localhost:8080/panic' \
--cookie 'app.at=<your_token>'
```

Your response should look like:

```shell
HTTP/1.1 403
WWW-Authenticate: Bearer
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
X-XSS-Protection: 0
Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, max-age=0, must-revalidate
Pragma: no-cache
Expires: 0
X-Frame-Options: DENY
Content-Length: 0
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2023 16:59:28 GMT
```

Uh oh, I guess you are not allowed to do that.

Enjoy your secured resource server!

<QuickstartTshirtCTA/>

## Next Steps

<NextStepsApi />

## Troubleshooting

* I get `This site can’t be reached  localhost refused to connect.` when I call the Login API.

Ensure FusionAuth is running in the Docker container.  You should be able to login as the admin user, `admin@example.com` with a password of `password` at [http://localhost:9011/admin](http://localhost:9011/admin).

* The `/panic` endpoint doesn't work when I call it.

Make sure you are making a `POST` call and using a token with the `teller` role.

* I'm getting an error when running `./mvnw spring-boot:run` like this:

```
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'filterChain' defined in class path resource [io/fusionauth/quickstart/springapi/SecurityConfiguration.class]: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.security.web.SecurityFilterChain]: Factory method 'filterChain' threw exception with message: Error creating bean with name 'jwtDecoder' defined in class path resource [io/fusionauth/quickstart/springapi/SecurityConfiguration.class]: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.security.oauth2.jwt.JwtDecoder]: Factory method 'jwtDecoder' threw exception with message: Cannot invoke "String.length()" because "this.input" is null
```

Make sure you set up the `application.properties` file correctly.

* I'm getting an error when running `./mvnw spring-boot:run` like this:

```
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] COMPILATION ERROR : 
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] /path/fusionauth-quickstart-springboot-api/spring-api/src/main/java/io/fusionauth/quickstart/springapi/CustomJwtAuthenticationConverter.java:[4,51] package org.springframework.security.authentication does not exist
[ERROR] /path/fusionauth-quickstart-springboot-api/spring-api/src/main/java/io/fusionauth/quickstart/springapi/CustomJwtAuthenticationConverter.java:[5,51] package org.springframework.security.authentication does not exist
```

Make sure you requested the two required dependencies when you used the Initializr.

* It still doesn't work

You can always pull down a complete running application and compare what's different.

```
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-springboot-api.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-java-springboot-api
docker compose up -d
cd complete-app
./mvnw package spring-boot:run
```

# Node.js/Express.js API

import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import DockerSpinup from '/src/components/quickstarts/DockerSpinup.astro';
import Intro from '/src/components/quickstarts/Intro.astro';
import {Content as LoginArchitectureApi} from '/src/components/quickstarts/LoginArchitectureApi.mdx';
import NextStepsApi from '/src/components/quickstarts/NextStepsApi.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import QuickstartTshirtCTA from '/src/components/quickstarts/QuickstartTshirtCTA.astro'

<Intro technology="Express"
       repositoryUrl="https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-express-api"
       api/>

## Prerequisites

For this quickstart, you'll need:

* [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/download) version 18 or later.
* [Docker](https://www.docker.com) version 20 or later, which is the quickest way to start FusionAuth. (There are [other ways](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/)).
* [curl](https://curl.se/download.html), command line tool and library for transferring data with URLs.

## General Architecture

<LoginArchitectureApi />

## Getting Started

In this section, you’ll get FusionAuth up and running and create a resource server that will serve the API.

### Clone The Code

First off, grab the code from the repository and change into that directory.

```shell
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-express-api.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-express-api
```

All shell commands in this guide can be entered in a terminal from the `fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-express-api` folder location. On Windows, you need to replace forward slashes with backslashes in paths.

All the files you'll create in this guide already exist in the `complete-application` subfolder, if you prefer to copy them.

### Run FusionAuth Via Docker

<DockerSpinup kickstartUri={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} api />

### Create A Basic Express Application

Now, you are going to create an Express API application. While this section builds a simple API, you can use the same configuration to integrate an existing API with FusionAuth.

You are going to be building an API backend for a banking application called ChangeBank. This API will have two endpoints.
- `make-change`: This endpoint will allow you to call GET with a `total` amount and receive a response indicating how many nickels and pennies are needed to make change. Valid roles are `customer` and `teller`.
- `panic`: Tellers may call this POST endpoint to call the police in case of an incident. The only valid role is `teller`.

Both endpoints will be protected such that a valid JSON web token (JWT) will be required in a cookie or Authorization header in order for the endpoints to be accessed. Additionally, the JWT must have a `roles` claim containing the appropriate role to use the endpoint.

Create the starter app called `your-application` for this API. Accept all the defaults.

```shell
npx express-generator@latest your-application --no-view
cd your-application
npm install
npm audit fix --force
npm install dotenv
npm install jose
```

Here you set up your application and add project dependencies. The [`dotenv`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/dotenv) library allows the code to read your `.env` environment variable file. Additionally, the [`jose`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/jose) library allows you to validate the authenticity of the JWT.

Now, create the `.env` file in your `your-application` folder and add the following to it.

<Aside type="note">
This is a different environment file to the one in the root folder used by Docker for FusionAuth
</Aside>

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-express-api/main/complete-application/.env"
 lang="shell" />

 ## Authentication

Before you configure authentication, you need to change the default `app.js` file created by Express to add an authentication check to every call made to the API.

Add the following lines in `app.js` just above `app.use('/', indexRouter);`.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-express-api/main/complete-application/app.js"
 lang="javascript" tags="verifyToken" />

The line, `const verifyJWT = require('./services/verifyJWT');`, imports middleware to add authentication to the app. Let's create that file now.

First create the `services` directory under `your-application`.

```shell
mkdir services
```

In this `services` folder, add the file `verifyJWT.js`, and copy in the following code.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-express-api/main/complete-application/services/verifyJWT.js"
 lang="javascript" />

The first line, `require('dotenv/config');`, tells the application to use the settings from `.env` you created earlier.

The function `verifyJWT` gets the JWT access token from a cookie or the `Authorization` header in the request, and it uses `jose.js` to check the signature is correct for your installation of FusionAuth. If either the token is missing or it is not signed correctly, an error is returned. Otherwise, the next function in the Express middleware stack is called.

Now, you'll add one more file that will check if the user has a role with permissions necessary to call an API endpoint.

In the `services` folder, add the file `hasRole.js` and copy in the following code.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-express-api/main/complete-application/services/hasRole.js"
 lang="javascript" />

This function is given a list of roles, any of which allow the user's request. It returns a middleware function that checks if the JWT contains one of the required roles, and either returns an error or allows the next function in the middleware stack to proceed.

<Aside type="note">
You do not need to check for the existence of a token in a cookie here because the previous middleware function you wrote already did that.
</Aside>

### Create The Routes

All that's left to do is write the two endpoints that will demonstrate your authentication.

Overwrite `routes/index.js` with the following code.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-express-api/main/complete-application/routes/index.js"
 lang="javascript" />

The POST `panic` route uses the `hasRole` function with the `'teller'` parameter to disallow non-tellers.

The GET `make-change` route uses `hasRole` function with the `['customer', 'teller']` array as a parameter to allow either customers or tellers to make change. This route checks that the user has supplied a number for `total`, then either returns change as JSON or an error if the total was invalid.

## Run The Application

Start the API server by running the command below in the `your-application` directory:

```shell
npm run start
```

### Get A Token

There are [several ways to acquire a token](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/) in FusionAuth, but for this example, you will use the [Login API](/docs/apis/login) to keep things simple.

First, let's try the requests as the `teller@example.com` user. Based on the configuration, this user has the `teller` role and should be able to use both `/make-change` and `/panic`.

Acquire an access token for `teller@example.com` by making the following request in a new terminal window.

```shell
curl --location 'http://localhost:9011/api/login' \
--header 'Authorization: this_really_should_be_a_long_random_alphanumeric_value_but_this_still_works' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data-raw '{
  "loginId": "teller@example.com",
  "password": "password",
  "applicationId": "e9fdb985-9173-4e01-9d73-ac2d60d1dc8e"
}'
```

Copy the `token` from the response, which should look like this:

```json
{
  "token": "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCIsImtpZCI6InVOYl9iQzFySHZZTnZMc285VzRkOEprZkxLWSJ9.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.WLzI9hSsCDn3ZoHKA9gaifkd6ASjT03JUmROGFZaezz9xfVbO3quJXEpUpI3poLozYxVcj2hrxKpNT9b7Sp16CUahev5tM0-4_FaYlmUEoMZBKo2JRSH8hg-qVDvnpeu8nL6FXxJII0IK4FNVwrQVFmAz99ZCf7m5xruQSziXPrfDYSU-3OZJ3SRuvD8bMopSiyRvZLx6YjWfBsvGSmMXeh_8vHG5fVkq5w1IkaDdugHnivtJIivHuCfl38kQBgw9rAqJLJoKRHHW0Ha7vHIcS6OCWWMDIIVspLyQNcLC16pL9Nss_5v9HMofow1OvQ9sUSMrbbkipjKq2peSjG7qA",
  "tokenExpirationInstant": 1689353059670,
  "user": {
      ...
  }
}
```

### Make The Request

<Aside type="note">
The code is set up to extract the token from either a cookie or the `Authorization` header so depending on your preference you can replace `--cookie 'app.at=<your_token>'` with `--header 'Authorization: Bearer <your_token>'` when making requests to the API.

If you use a cookie, make sure you store it in a secure, HttpOnly cookie to avoid exfiltration attacks. See [Storing OAuth Tokens](/articles/oauth/oauth-token-storage) for more information.
</Aside>

Make a request to `/make-change` with a query parameter `total=1.02`. Use the `token` as the `app.at` cookie.

```shell
curl --cookie 'app.at=<your_token>' 'http://localhost:3000/make-change?total=1.02'
```

Alternatively you can make the same request by passing your token in the `Authorization` header.

```shell
curl --location 'http://localhost:3000/make-change?total=1.02' \
--header 'Authorization: Bearer <your_token>'
```

Your response should look like this:

```json
{
  "total":1.02,
  "nickels":20,
  "pennies":2
}
```

You were successfully authorized. You can try making the request without the JWT or with a different string rather than a valid token, and see that you are denied access.

Next, call the `/panic` endpoint because you are in trouble!

```shell
curl --location --request POST 'http://localhost:3000/panic' --cookie 'app.at=<your_token>'
```

This is a `POST` not a `GET` because you want all your emergency calls to be non-idempotent.

Your response should look like this:

```json
{
  "message": "We've called the police!"
}
```

Nice, help is on the way!

Now, let's try as `customer@example.com`, which has the role `customer`. Acquire a token for `customer@example.com`.

```shell
curl --location 'http://localhost:9011/api/login' \
--header 'Authorization: this_really_should_be_a_long_random_alphanumeric_value_but_this_still_works' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data-raw '{
  "loginId": "customer@example.com",
  "password": "password",
  "applicationId": "e9fdb985-9173-4e01-9d73-ac2d60d1dc8e"
}'
```

Now, use the token in that response to call `/make-change` with a query parameter `total=3.24`.

```shell
curl --cookie 'app.at=<your_token>' 'http://localhost:3000/make-change?total=3.24'
```

Your response should look like this:

```json
{
  "total": 3.24,
  "nickels": 64,
  "pennies": 4
}
```

So far so good. Now, let's try to call the `/panic` endpoint. (We're adding the `-i` flag to see the headers of the response.)

```shell
curl -i --request POST 'http://localhost:3000/panic' --cookie 'app.at=<your_token>'
```

Your response should look like:

```
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
X-Powered-By: Express
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 63
ETag: W/"3f-eBPCxvxzYQmL0BG1KPuKqm5VcP4"
Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2023 09:46:52 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
Keep-Alive: timeout=5

{"error":"You do not have a role with permissions to do this."}
```

Uh oh, I guess you are not allowed to do that.

Enjoy your secured resource server!

<QuickstartTshirtCTA/>

## Next Steps

<NextStepsApi />

## Troubleshooting

* I get `Failed to connect to localhost port 9011: Couldn't connect to server` when I call the Login API.

Ensure FusionAuth is running in the Docker container. You should be able to log in as the admin user, `admin@example.com` with a password of `password` at [http://localhost:9011/admin](http://localhost:9011/admin).

* The `/panic` endpoint doesn't work when I call it.

Make sure you are making a `POST` call and using a token with the `teller` role.

* `docker compose` command is not found.

Ensure you have the latest version of Docker, or try `docker-compose` instead. If on Linux, install `docker.ce` instead of `docker.io`.

* It still doesn't work.

You can always pull down a complete running application and compare what's different.

```shell
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-express-api.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-express-api
docker compose up -d
cd complete-application
npm install
npm run start
```

# Laravel API

import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from '/src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import Code from 'astro/components/Code.astro';
import DockerSpinup from '/src/components/quickstarts/DockerSpinup.astro';
import InlineField from '/src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from '/src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import Intro from '/src/components/quickstarts/Intro.astro';
import {Content as LoginArchitectureApi} from '/src/components/quickstarts/LoginArchitectureApi.mdx';
import NextStepsApi from '/src/components/quickstarts/NextStepsApi.astro';
import QuickstartTshirtCTA from '/src/components/quickstarts/QuickstartTshirtCTA.astro'
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import RemoteValue from 'src/components/RemoteValue/RemoteValue.astro';

<Intro technology="Laravel"
       repositoryUrl="https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-php-laravel-api"
       api/>

## Prerequisites

- [Docker](https://www.docker.com): The quickest way to stand up both FusionAuth and Laravel. Ensure you also have [docker compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/) installed.
- (Alternatively, you can [Install FusionAuth Manually](/docs/get-started/download-and-install).

## General Architecture

<LoginArchitectureApi />

## Getting Started

In this section, you’ll get FusionAuth up and running and create a resource server which will serve the API.

### Clone the Code

First off, grab the code from the repository and change into that directory.

```shell
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-php-laravel-api.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-php-laravel-api
```

### Run FusionAuth via Docker

<DockerSpinup kickstartUri={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} api />

### Expose FusionAuth Instance

To make sure your local FusionAuth instance is accessible to your Laravel app, you need to [expose it to the Internet](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/exposing-instance). Write down the URL ngrok gave you as you'll need it soon.

## Create your Laravel Application

Now you are going to create a Laravel API application. While this section builds a simple API, you can use the same configuration to integrate an existing API with FusionAuth.

We are going to be building an API backend for a banking application called ChangeBank. This API will have two endpoints:
- `make-change`: This endpoint will allow you to call GET with a `total` amount and receive a response indicating how many nickels and pennies are needed to make change. Valid roles are `customer` and `teller`.
- `panic`: Tellers may call this endpoint to call the police in case of an incident. The only valid role is `teller`.

Both endpoints will be protected such that a valid JSON web token (JWT) will be required in an `app.at` cookie or the `Authorization` header in order to be accessed. Additionally, the JWT must have a `roles` claim containing the appropriate role to use the endpoint.

<Aside type="note">
  If you simply want to run the application, there is a completed version in the `complete-application` directory. You can install [PHP](https://www.php.net) and [Composer](https://getcomposer.org/) and use the following commands to get it up and running if you do not want to create your own.

  ```shell
  cd complete-application
  composer install
  ./vendor/bin/sail up -d
  ```

  You can then follow the instructions in the <InlineUIElement>Run the API</InlineUIElement> section.
</Aside>

To create the application from scratch, you'll use [Laravel Sail](https://laravel.com/docs/10.x/installation#laravel-and-docker) to set up and run your application using Docker.

```shell
curl "https://laravel.build/your-application?with=mariadb" | bash
cd your-application
```

<Aside type="note">
  This may ask for your user password to run commands with `sudo`.
</Aside>

### Initialize the Application

Initialize the Laravel application using the following command (it'll run things in background, just like `docker compose up -d` would).

```shell
./vendor/bin/sail up -d
```

<Aside type="note">
  Laravel Sail will use port 80, so make sure you don't have anything listening on that. Otherwise, you can pass an `APP_PORT` environment variable to specify another port, like shown below.

  ```shell
  APP_PORT=3000 ./vendor/bin/sail up -d
  ```
</Aside>

### Add Security

Include FusionAuth's library to add JWT support to the authentication system.

```shell
./vendor/bin/sail composer require fusionauth/jwt-auth-webtoken-provider web-token/jwt-signature-algorithm-rsa
```
### Create Fields in the User Entity

When installing Laravel, it will automatically make a migration to create a `users` table in the database. You'll have to edit the file `database/migrations/2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table.php` to change the default behavior and use UUID for the primary key, remove the need for a password and the remember token.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/database/migrations/2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table.php"} lang="php"/>

You'll also need to edit `app/Models/User.php` to make the database changes consistent with your model.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/app/Models/User.php"} lang="php"/>

You may remove all other migrations, as you won't need them.

```shell
rm database/migrations/2014_10_12_100000_create_password_reset_tokens_table.php
rm database/migrations/2019_08_19_000000_create_failed_jobs_table.php
rm database/migrations/2019_12_14_000001_create_personal_access_tokens_table.php
```

Run the remaining migrations to create the necessary tables in your database.

```shell
./vendor/bin/sail artisan migrate
```

### Provisioning New Users

By default, Laravel only allows JWTs that correspond to users in your database, but one of the greatest benefits of using FusionAuth is to have a single source of truth of user management. So, you want your API to automatically provision new users when it receives a trusted JWT from FusionAuth.

To do so, first create a folder named `FusionAuth` inside `app/`, and another one named `Providers` inside `FusionAuth`, so you can have `app/FusionAuth/Providers`.

```shell
mkdir -p app/FusionAuth/Providers
````

Add a new [User Provider](https://laravel.com/docs/10.x/authentication#adding-custom-user-providers) at `app/FusionAuth/Providers/FusionAuthEloquentUserProvider.php` to create new users when receiving valid JWTs from FusionAuth.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/app/FusionAuth/Providers/FusionAuthEloquentUserProvider.php"} lang="php"/>

Now, add an [Authentication Guard](https://laravel.com/docs/10.x/authentication#adding-custom-guards) in `app/FusionAuth/FusionAuthJwtGuard.php` to call that custom method from the User Provider created above.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/app/FusionAuth/FusionAuthJwtGuard.php"} lang="php"/>

Let Laravel know about these two classes by editing `config/auth.php`.

First, change the `driver` for the `web` Guard to `jwt`:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/config/auth.php"} tags="guards" lang="php"/>

Now, change the default `provider` to `fusionauth_eloquent`:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/config/auth.php"} tags="providers" lang="php"/>

Finally, create a [Service Provider](https://laravel.com/docs/10.x/providers) in `app/FusionAuth/Providers/FusionAuthServiceProvider.php` to make sure Laravel will use the newly created classes instead of its defaults.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/app/FusionAuth/Providers/FusionAuthServiceProvider.php"} lang="php"/>

### Update Routes

Change `routes/api.php` to add both `/api/make-change` and `/api/panic` endpoints for your ChangeBank application.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/routes/api.php"} lang="php"/>

### Add Controllers

Change the base controller at `app/Http/Controllers/Controller.php` to include a helper function to check for roles.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/app/Http/Controllers/Controller.php"} lang="php"/>

Create a folder named `ChangeBank` inside `app/Http/Controllers` to hold the two controllers you're going to create.

```shell
mkdir app/Http/Controllers/ChangeBank
```

To respond the `/api/make-change` endpoint, create a file at `app/Http/Controllers/ChangeBank/MakeChangeController.php`. This controller will verify that the authenticated user has either the `teller` or `customer` role. It then takes in the URL parameter `total` to calculate which coins will be returned in the JSON payload.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/app/Http/Controllers/ChangeBank/MakeChangeController.php"} lang="php"/>

To finish, create a controller at `app/Http/Controllers/ChangeBank/PanicController.php` to handle the `/api/panic` endpoint for users with the `teller` role.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/app/Http/Controllers/ChangeBank/PanicController.php"} lang="php"/>

### Validating Issuer and Audience Claims

Besides verifying the signature, it is also recommended to validate the issuer (`iss`) and audience (`aud`) claims when receiving a JWT. To do those checks, you need to create two files.

Create a folder named `Claims` inside `app/FusionAuth`.

```shell
mkdir app/FusionAuth/Claims
```

First, create a file named `app/FusionAuth/Claims/Audience.php` that will check if the audience (`aud`) claim actually contains the Client Id for the application you created in FusionAuth.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/app/FusionAuth/Claims/Audience.php"} lang="php"/>

Now, create a file called `app/FusionAuth/Claims/Issuer.php` to check if the issuer (`iss`) is actually your FusionAuth instance address.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/app/FusionAuth/Claims/Issuer.php"} lang="php"/>

### Let Your Code Know about the FusionAuth Instance

Now that you created all these files, you need to pass some details about the FusionAuth configuration to them.

Start by adding the environment variables below to your `.env` file, changing `https://The-Address-Ngrok-Gave-You` to the actual address you copied from ngrok.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/.env"} tags="fusionauth" lang="ini"/>

Now open the `config/app.php` file and browse to the `providers` section. This is a Laravel configuration to automatically load these files when booting your application. Add `App\FusionAuth\Providers\FusionAuthServiceProvider::class` to the end of the `providers` array, like shown below.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/config/app.php"} tags="providers" lang="php"/>

In that same `config/app.php` file, add these lines at the end (just before the last line) to pass values from the environment variables to the application.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/config/app.php"} tags="fusionauth" lang="php"/>

To make the library available for use, publish its configuration by running the command below.

```shell
./vendor/bin/sail artisan vendor:publish --provider="FusionAuth\JWTAuth\WebTokenProvider\Providers\WebTokenServiceProvider"
```

## Run the API

### Get a Token

There are [several ways to acquire a token](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/) in FusionAuth, but for this example you will use the [Login API](/docs/apis/login) to keep things simple.

First, try requests as the <code><RemoteValue url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} selector="$.variables.tellerEmail" /></code> user. Based on the configuration this user has the `teller` role and should be able to use both `/api/make-change` and `/api/panic`.

1. Acquire an access token for <code><RemoteValue url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} selector="$.variables.tellerEmail" /></code> by making the following request

<RemoteValue
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"}
  selector="$.variables">
  {(variables) => <Code lang="shell" code={`curl --location 'http://localhost:9011/api/login' \\
--header 'Authorization: ${variables.apiKey}' \\
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \\
--data-raw '{
  "loginId": "${variables.tellerEmail}",
  "password": "${variables.tellerPassword}",
  "applicationId": "${variables.applicationId}"
}'`}/>}
</RemoteValue>

Copy the `token` from the response, which should look like this:

```json
{
    "token": "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCIsImtpZCI6InVOYl9iQzFySHZZTnZMc285VzRkOEprZkxLWSJ9.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.WLzI9hSsCDn3ZoHKA9gaifkd6ASjT03JUmROGFZaezz9xfVbO3quJXEpUpI3poLozYxVcj2hrxKpNT9b7Sp16CUahev5tM0-4_FaYlmUEoMZBKo2JRSH8hg-qVDvnpeu8nL6FXxJII0IK4FNVwrQVFmAz99ZCf7m5xruQSziXPrfDYSU-3OZJ3SRuvD8bMopSiyRvZLx6YjWfBsvGSmMXeh_8vHG5fVkq5w1IkaDdugHnivtJIivHuCfl38kQBgw9rAqJLJoKRHHW0Ha7vHIcS6OCWWMDIIVspLyQNcLC16pL9Nss_5v9HMofow1OvQ9sUSMrbbkipjKq2peSjG7qA",
    "tokenExpirationInstant": 1689353059670,
    "user": {
        ...
    }
}
```

### Make the Request

Make a request to `/api/make-change` with a query parameter `total=5.12` and pass the `token` in an `app.at` cookie (or as a `Bearer` token in the `Authorization` header).

```shell
curl --cookie 'app.at=YOUR_TOKEN' 'http://localhost/api/make-change?total=5.12'
```

<Aside type="note">
  You can replace `--cookie 'app.at=<your_token>'` with `--header 'Authorization: Bearer <your_token>'` if you wish to use the `Authorization` header instead of the `app.at` cookie.
</Aside>

The response should look similar to below, however it has been formatted here for readability:

```json
{
  "Message": "We can make change using 20 quarters 1 dimes 0 nickels 2 pennies",
  "Change": [
    {
      "Denomination": "quarters",
      "Count": 20
    },
    {
      "Denomination": "dimes",
      "Count": 1
    },
    {
      "Denomination": "nickels",
      "Count": 0
    },
    {
      "Denomination": "pennies",
      "Count": 2
    }
  ]
}
```

You were authorized, success! You can try making the request without the cookie or with a different string rather than a valid token, and see that you are denied access.

Next call the `/api/panic` endpoint because you are in trouble!

```shell
curl --cookie 'app.at=YOUR_TOKEN' --request POST 'http://localhost/api/panic'
```

This is a `POST` (not a `GET`) because you want all your emergency calls to be non-idempotent.

Your response should look like this:

```json
{"message":"We've called the police!"}
```

Nice, help is on the way!

Now let's try as `customer@example.com` who has the role `customer`. Acquire a token for `customer@example.com`.

<RemoteValue
    url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"}
    selector="$.variables">
    {(variables) => <Code lang="shell" code={`curl --location 'http://localhost:9011/api/login' \\
--header 'Authorization: ${variables.apiKey}' \\
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \\
--data-raw '{
  "loginId": "${variables.customerEmail}",
  "password": "${variables.customerPassword}",
  "applicationId": "${variables.applicationId}"
}'`}/>}
</RemoteValue>

Your response should look like this:

```json
{
    "token": "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCIsImtpZCI6InVOYl9iQzFySHZZTnZMc285VzRkOEprZkxLWSJ9.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.T1bELQ6a_ItOS0_YYpvqhIVknVMNeamcoC7BWnPjg2lgA9XpCmFA2mVnycoeuz-mSOHbp2cCoauP5opxehBR2lCn4Sz0If6PqgJgXKEpxh5pAxCPt91UyfjH8hGDqE3rDh7E4Hqn7mb-dFFwdfX7CMdKvC3dppMbXAGCZTl0LizApw5KIG9Wmt670339pSf5lzD38P9WAG5Wr7fAmVrIJPVu6yv2FoR-pMYD2lnAF63HWKknrWB-khmhr9ZKRLXKhP1UK-ThY1FSnmpp8eNblsBqCxf6WaYxYkdp5_F2e56M4sQwHzrg4P9tZGVCmMri4dShF3Ck7OGa7hel-iIPew",
    "tokenExpirationInstant": 1689354123118,
    "user": {
        ...
    }
}
```

Now use that token to call `/api/make-change` with a query parameter `total=3.24`.

```shell
curl --cookie 'app.at=YOUR_TOKEN' --location 'http://localhost/api/make-change?total=3.24'
```

The response should look similar to below, however it has been formatted here for readability:

```json
{
  "Message": "We can make change using 12 quarters 2 dimes 0 nickels 4 pennies",
  "Change": [
    {
      "Denomination": "quarters",
      "Count": 12
    },
    {
      "Denomination": "dimes",
      "Count": 2
    },
    {
      "Denomination": "nickels",
      "Count": 0
    },
    {
      "Denomination": "pennies",
      "Count": 4
    }
  ]
}
```

So far so good. Now call the `/api/panic` endpoint with `-i` flag to see the headers of the response).

```shell
curl --cookie 'app.at=YOUR_TOKEN' -i --request POST -H "Accept: application/json" 'http://localhost/api/panic'
```

Your should receive a `403 Forbidden` response with the following message and a huge stack trace (because you are in development mode):

```json
{
    "message": "Proper role not found for user.",
    "exception": "Symfony\\Component\\HttpKernel\\Exception\\AccessDeniedHttpException",
    ...
}
```

Looks like this user does not have access to this function. Enjoy your secured resource server!

<QuickstartTshirtCTA/>

## Next Steps

<NextStepsApi />

## Troubleshooting

* I get `This site can’t be reached localhost refused to connect.` when I call the Login API.

Ensure FusionAuth is running in the Docker container. You should be able to login as the admin user, `admin@example.com` with a password of `password` at [http://localhost:9011/admin](http://localhost:9011/admin).

* The `/api/panic` endpoint doesn't work when I call it.

Make sure you are making a `POST` call and using a token with the `teller` role.

* It still doesn't work

You can always pull down a complete running application and compare what's different.

```shell
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-php-laravel-api.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-php-laravel-api
docker compose up -d
cd complete-application
composer install
./vendor/bin/sail up -d
```

# Ruby on Rails API

import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import DockerSpinup from '/src/components/quickstarts/DockerSpinup.astro';
import Intro from '/src/components/quickstarts/Intro.astro';
import {Content as LoginArchitectureApi} from '/src/components/quickstarts/LoginArchitectureApi.mdx';
import NextStepsApi from '/src/components/quickstarts/NextStepsApi.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import QuickstartTshirtCTA from '/src/components/quickstarts/QuickstartTshirtCTA.astro'

<Intro technology="Ruby on Rails"
       repositoryUrl="https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-ruby-on-rails-api"
       api/>

## Prerequisites

- [Ruby 2.7.x](https://rubyonrails.org/): This quickstart was built using Ruby 2.7. This example may work on different versions of Rails, but it has not been tested.
- [Rails 7.0.x.x](https://rubyonrails.org/): This quickstart was built using Rails 7.0.7.2. This example may work on different versions of Rails, but it has not been tested.
- [SQLite](https://www.sqlite.org/download.html): This quickstart was built using sqlite3 (please note MacOS comes with sqlite3).
- [Docker](https://www.docker.com): The quickest way to stand up FusionAuth. Ensure you also have [docker compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/) installed.
- (Alternatively, you can [Install FusionAuth Manually](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/)).

## General Architecture

<LoginArchitectureApi />

## Getting Started

In this section, you’ll get FusionAuth up and running and create a resource server which will serve the API.

### Clone The Code

First off, grab the code from the repository and change into that directory.

```
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-ruby-on-rails-api
cd fusionauth-quickstart-ruby-on-rails-api
```

### Run FusionAuth Via Docker

<DockerSpinup kickstartUri={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} api />

## Create Your Ruby on Rails Resource Server Application

Now you are going to create a Ruby on Rails API application. While this section builds a simple API, you can use the same configuration to integrate an existing API with FusionAuth.

We are going to be building an API backend for a banking application called ChangeBank. This API will have two endpoints:
- `make-change`: This endpoint will allow you to call GET with a `total` amount and receive a response indicating how many nickels and pennies are needed to make change. Valid roles are `customer` and `teller`.
- `panic`: Tellers may call this endpoint to call the police in case of an incident. The only valid role is `teller`.

Both endpoints will be protected such that a valid JSON web token (JWT) will be required in the `Authorization` header in order to be accessed. Additionally, the JWT must have a `roles` claim containing the appropriate role to use the endpoint.

<Aside type="note">
If you simply want to run the application , there is a completed version in the 'complete-application' directory. You can use the following commands to get it up and running if you do not want to create your own.

```shell
cd complete-application
bundle install
bundle e rails s -p 4001
```

You can then follow the instructions in the [Run the API](#run-the-api) section started at Get a Token.
</Aside>

### Initialize The Application

Initialize the Ruby on Rails application using the following:

```
rails new your-application --api
cd your-application
```

Once this is complete, you will see a new directory called `your-application` with several sub directories.

You need to add the following lines to the `Gemfile` in the application root directory to include two new dependencies:

```shell
gem 'rack-jwt', git: 'https://github.com/FusionAuth/rack-jwt'
gem 'dotenv-rails'
```

Your full `Gemfile` will now look like

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/Gemfile"}
  lang="text"/>

Then, install these new gems, by issuing the following command in your terminal window.

```shell
bundle install
```
### Update Routes Config

Update `/config/routes.rb` to include the two new routes that will be created for `/make-change` and `/panic`. Your `routes.rb` file should now match the below code.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/config/routes.rb"}
  lang="ruby"/>

### Add Security

Create a new file to hold your environment variables directly in the `your-application` directory called `.env.development`. You will need to add two variables that are used to call your FusionAuth instance `FUSIONAUTH_LOCATION` and `CLIENT_ID`, with the values that match below.

```
# for rails

FUSIONAUTH_LOCATION=http://localhost:9011

CLIENT_ID=e9fdb985-9173-4e01-9d73-ac2d60d1dc8e
```

Utilizing the environment variables you just added, you can now setup JSON Web Token (JWT) based authentication. Create a new file  `config/initializers/jwt_rack.rb`. This initializer is used to hold configuration settings that are made after all of the frameworks and plugins are loaded. 

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/config/initializers/jwt_rack.rb"}
  lang="ruby"/>

Having this code protects your endpoints from anonymous users and passes the JWT payload to the controller. The JWT payload includes `roles` encoded in the JWT you receive from FusionAuth. The decoded payload of a JWT for a `teller` might look like this:

```json
{
  "aud": "e9fdb985-9173-4e01-9d73-ac2d60d1dc8e",
  "exp": 1689289585,
  "iat": 1689285985,
  "iss": "http://localhost:9011",
  "sub": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-111111111111",
  "jti": "ebaa4184-2320-47dd-925b-2e18756c635f",
  "authenticationType": "PASSWORD",
  "email": "teller@example.com",
  "email_verified": true,
  "applicationId": "e9fdb985-9173-4e01-9d73-ac2d60d1dc8e",
  "roles": [
    "teller"
  ],
  "auth_time": 1689285985,
  "tid": "d7d09513-a3f5-401c-9685-34ab6c552453"
}
```

### Add Controllers

Create a new file for the MakeChangeController `app/controllers/make_change_controller.rb`. This controller will verify that the authenticated user has either the `teller` or `customer` role. It then takes in the URL parameter `total` to calculate which coins will be returned in the JSON payload.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/app/controllers/make_change_controller.rb"}
  lang="ruby"/>

Create a new file for the PanicController `app/controllers/panic_controller.rb`. This controller will verify that the authenticated user has only the `teller` role. It will respond with `Proper role not found for user.` if this role is not found. This route also verifies that this is a `POST` request and if this is not true it will respond with `Only POST method is supported.` If both of these tests are passed the controller will return a successful message of `We've called the police!`.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/app/controllers/panic_controller.rb"}
  lang="ruby"/>

## Run the API

Start the API resource server by running:

In a command shell window, navigate to the root directory of your application and run the following command to start the server.

```shell
bundle e rails s -p 4001
```

### Get a Token

There are [several ways to acquire a token](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/) in FusionAuth, but for this example you will use the [Login API](/docs/apis/login) to keep things simple.

<Aside type="note">
You will want to leave the server running in one terminal and open another terminal for the following commands.
</Aside>

First let's try the requests as the `teller@example.com` user. Based on the configuration this user has the `teller` role and should be able to use both `/make-change` and `/panic`.

Acquire an access token for `teller@example` by making the following request

```shell
curl --location 'http://localhost:9011/api/login' \
--header 'Authorization: this_really_should_be_a_long_random_alphanumeric_value_but_this_still_works' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data-raw '{
  "loginId": "teller@example.com",
  "password": "password",
  "applicationId": "e9fdb985-9173-4e01-9d73-ac2d60d1dc8e"
}'
```
Your response should look like the below JSON. Grab the token field (which begins with ey).

```json
{
    "token": "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCIsImtpZCI6InVOYl9iQzFySHZZTnZMc285VzRkOEprZkxLWSJ9.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.WLzI9hSsCDn3ZoHKA9gaifkd6ASjT03JUmROGFZaezz9xfVbO3quJXEpUpI3poLozYxVcj2hrxKpNT9b7Sp16CUahev5tM0-4_FaYlmUEoMZBKo2JRSH8hg-qVDvnpeu8nL6FXxJII0IK4FNVwrQVFmAz99ZCf7m5xruQSziXPrfDYSU-3OZJ3SRuvD8bMopSiyRvZLx6YjWfBsvGSmMXeh_8vHG5fVkq5w1IkaDdugHnivtJIivHuCfl38kQBgw9rAqJLJoKRHHW0Ha7vHIcS6OCWWMDIIVspLyQNcLC16pL9Nss_5v9HMofow1OvQ9sUSMrbbkipjKq2peSjG7qA",
    "tokenExpirationInstant": 1689353059670,
    "user": {
        ...
    }
}
```

### Make the Request

<Aside type="note">
The code is set up to extract the token from either a cookie or the Authorization header so depending on your preference you can replace `--cookie 'app.at=<your_token>'` with `--header 'Authorization: Bearer <your_token>'` when making requests to the API.
</Aside>

Make a request to `/make-change` with a query parameter `total=1.02`. Use the `token` as the `app.at` cookie.

```shell
curl 'http://localhost:4001/make-change?total=1.02' \
--cookie 'app.at=<your_token>'
```

Alternatively you can make the same request by passing your token in the `Authorization` header.

```shell
curl --location 'http://localhost:4001/make-change?total=1.02' \
--header 'Authorization: Bearer <your_token>'
```

Your response should look like this:

```json
{
  "Message": "We can make change using 20 quarters 1 dimes 0 nickels 2 pennies",
  "Change": [
    {
      "Denomination": "quarters",
      "Count": 20
    },
    {
      "Denomination": "dimes",
      "Count": 1
    },
    {
      "Denomination": "nickels",
      "Count": 0
    },
    {
      "Denomination": "pennies",
      "Count": 2
    }
  ]
}
```

You were authorized, success! You can try making the request without the `--cookie` or with a different string rather than a valid token, and see that you are denied access.

Next call the `/panic` endpoint because you are in trouble!

```shell
curl --location --request POST 'http://localhost:4001/panic' \
--cookie 'app.at=<your_token>'
```

This is a `POST` not a `GET` because you want all your emergency calls to be non-idempotent.

Your response should look like this:

```json
{"message":"We've called the police!"}
```

Nice, help is on the way!

Now let's try as `customer@example.com` who has the role `customer`. Acquire a token for `customer@example.com`.

```shell
curl --location 'http://localhost:9011/api/login' \
--header 'Authorization: this_really_should_be_a_long_random_alphanumeric_value_but_this_still_works' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data-raw '{
  "loginId": "customer@example.com",
  "password": "password",
  "applicationId": "e9fdb985-9173-4e01-9d73-ac2d60d1dc8e"
}'
```

Your response should look like the below JSON. Grab the token field (which begins with ey).

```json
{
    "token": "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCIsImtpZCI6InVOYl9iQzFySHZZTnZMc285VzRkOEprZkxLWSJ9.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.T1bELQ6a_ItOS0_YYpvqhIVknVMNeamcoC7BWnPjg2lgA9XpCmFA2mVnycoeuz-mSOHbp2cCoauP5opxehBR2lCn4Sz0If6PqgJgXKEpxh5pAxCPt91UyfjH8hGDqE3rDh7E4Hqn7mb-dFFwdfX7CMdKvC3dppMbXAGCZTl0LizApw5KIG9Wmt670339pSf5lzD38P9WAG5Wr7fAmVrIJPVu6yv2FoR-pMYD2lnAF63HWKknrWB-khmhr9ZKRLXKhP1UK-ThY1FSnmpp8eNblsBqCxf6WaYxYkdp5_F2e56M4sQwHzrg4P9tZGVCmMri4dShF3Ck7OGa7hel-iIPew",
    "tokenExpirationInstant": 1689354123118,
    "user": {
        ...
    }
}
```

Now use that token to call `/make-change` with a query parameter `total=3.24`

```shell
curl --location 'http://localhost:4001/make-change?total=3.24' \
--cookie 'app.at=<your_token>'
```

Your response should look like this:

```json
{
    "Message": "We can make change using 12 quarters 2 dimes 0 nickels 4 pennies",
    "Change": [
        {
            "Denomination": "quarters",
            "Count": 12
        },
        {
            "Denomination": "dimes",
            "Count": 2
        },
        {
            "Denomination": "nickels",
            "Count": 0
        },
        {
            "Denomination": "pennies",
            "Count": 4
        }
    ]
}
```

So far so good. Now let's try to call the `/panic` endpoint. (We're adding the `-i` flag to see the headers of the response)

```shell
curl -i --request POST 'http://localhost:4001/panic' \
--cookie 'app.at=<your_token>'
```

You will get a `401 Unauthorized` response with the following message.

```json
{"message":"Proper role not found for user"}
```

Uh oh, I guess you are not allowed to do that.

Enjoy your secured resource server!

<QuickstartTshirtCTA/>

## Next Steps

<NextStepsApi />

## Troubleshooting

* I get `This site can’t be reached localhost refused to connect.` when I call the Login API.

Ensure FusionAuth is running in the Docker container. You should be able to login as the admin user, `admin@example.com` with a password of `password` at [http://localhost:9011/admin](http://localhost:9011/admin).

* The `/panic` endpoint doesn't work when I call it.

Make sure you are making a `POST` call and using a token with the `teller` role.

* It still doesn't work

You can always pull down a complete running application and compare what's different.

```
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-ruby-on-rails-api.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-ruby-on-rails-api
docker compose up -d
cd complete-application
bundle install
bundle e rails s -p 4001
```

# App

import ClickableCard from "/src/components/ClickableCard.astro";

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2 mt-10" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/app/quickstart-java-android-native" title="Android (Java) with AppAuth" icon="/img/icons/android.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/app/quickstart-kotlin-android-native" title="Android (Kotlin) with FusionAuth SDK" icon="/img/icons/android.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/app/quickstart-flutter-native" title="Flutter" icon="/img/icons/flutter.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/app/quickstart-swift-ios-native-appauth" title="iOS (Swift) with AppAuth" icon="/img/icons/swift-iOS-mobile.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/app/quickstart-swift-ios-native" title="iOS (Swift) with FusionAuth SDK" icon="/img/icons/swift-iOS-mobile.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/app/quickstart-react-native" title="React Native" icon="/img/icons/react.svg"/>
</div>

# Flutter

import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import DockerSpinup from '/src/components/quickstarts/DockerSpinup.astro';
import Intro from '/src/components/quickstarts/Intro.astro';
import {Content as LoginArchitectureWeb} from '/src/components/quickstarts/LoginArchitectureWeb.mdx';
import NextSteps from '/src/components/quickstarts/NextSteps.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import QuickstartNgrok from '/src/components/quickstarts/quickstart-ngrok.mdx';
import QuickstartTshirtCTA from '/src/components/quickstarts/QuickstartTshirtCTA.astro'

<Intro fulltext="a Flutter mobile application"
       repositoryUrl="https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-flutter-native">It uses Flutter and sets up an OAuth authorization code grant flow, allowing users to log in to the application.</Intro>

## Prerequisites

For this Quickstart, you'll need.

* [Flutter](https://docs.flutter.dev/get-started/install).
* If you want to develop applications for iOS:
    - Xcode.
    - iPhone simulator or real iOS device.
    - [iPhone development environment](https://docs.flutter.dev/get-started/install/macos#ios-setup).
* If you want to develop applications for Android:
    - Android emulator or real Android device.
    - [Android development environment](https://docs.flutter.dev/get-started/install/macos#android-setup).

* [Docker](https://www.docker.com), which is the quickest way to start FusionAuth. (There are [other ways](/docs/get-started/download-and-install)).

To make sure your Flutter development environment is working correctly, run the following command in your terminal window.

```shell
flutter doctor
```

If everything is configured properly, you will see something like the following result in your terminal window:

```shell
Doctor summary (to see all details, run flutter doctor -v):
[✓] Flutter (Channel stable, 3.13.12)
[✓] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 34.0.0)
[✓] Xcode - develop for iOS and macOS (Xcode 14.3.1)
[✓] Chrome - develop for the web
[✓] Android Studio (version 2022.3)
[✓] IntelliJ IDEA Community Edition (version 2022.2)
[✓] Connected device (2 available)
[✓] Network resources

• No issues found!
```

## General Architecture

<LoginArchitectureWeb />

## Getting Started

Start by getting FusionAuth up and running and creating a Flutter application.


### Clone The Code

First, grab the code from the repository and change into that directory.

```shell
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-flutter-native.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-flutter-native
```

All shell commands in this guide can be entered in a terminal in this folder. On Windows, you need to replace forward slashes with backslashes in paths.

The files you'll create in this guide already exist in the `complete-application` folder, if you prefer to copy them.


### Run FusionAuth Via Docker

<DockerSpinup kickstartUri={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} />

### Set Up A Public URL For FusionAuth

<QuickstartNgrok />

### Create Your Flutter Application

In the directory where the project should live, run the following command to create and set up the new Flutter app.

```shell
flutter create --org com.fusionauth flutterdemo --platforms=ios,android
```

After the installation process completes, you will see that the `flutterdemo` directory contains all the Flutter starter app configuration. Open the project directory with the text editor of your choice.

You can run your new project on the actual device or an emulator to confirm everything is working before you customize any code. Do so by running the following command in the project directory.

```shell
cd flutterdemo
flutter run
```

From the list of emulators or devices that can be used, choose the one that you want to run the code on.
Stay in this directory for the rest of this tutorial.
Stay in this directory for the rest of this tutorial.

To run the project on iOS and Android together, you can use the following command.

```shell
flutter run -d all
```

The build process takes a while the first time an app is built. After a successful build, you will get the boilerplate Flutter app running in your emulators.

Now that you have a basic working application running, you can add authentication.

## Authentication

[AppAuth](https://appauth.io/) is a popular OAuth package that can be used in both native and cross-platform mobile applications. In this project, you will be storing the access token using the secure storage package. Since such tokens allow your application to access protected resources such as APIs, you need to take care they are stored as securely as possible.

Run the command below to install the project dependencies.

```shell
flutter pub add http flutter_appauth flutter_secure_storage flutter_svg
```

The packages added to the application with the command above do the following:

* The `http` package provides a way for the Flutter application to interact with web services and APIs.
* `flutter_appauth` allows you to perform OAuth 2.0 authentication flows in the application.
* `flutter_secure_storage` provides a secure storage for sensitive data like tokens in Flutter apps.
* `flutter_svg`  allows you to render Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) images in your application. You will make use of the package to render the application logo.

### Setting Up AppAuth

Now you can add the previously configured callback URL to the Android and iOS directories with native configuration.

Let's look at Android first.

#### Android Setup

In your editor, go to the `android/app/build.gradle` file for your Android app to specify the custom redirect scheme. Find the code block similar to the code below and add `com.fusionauth.flutterdemo` as the `appAuthRedirectScheme` in the `manifestPlaceholders` array.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-flutter-native/main/complete-application/android/app/build.gradle"
 lang="text" tags="appAuthRedirectScheme" />

#### iOS Setup

Now edit the `ios/Runner/Info.plist` file in the iOS app to specify the custom scheme. Find the section that looks similar to the following and add the FusionAuth URL `com.fusionauth.flutterdemo`.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-flutter-native/main/complete-application/ios/Runner/Info.plist"
 lang="xml" />

Make sure the `ios/Runner/Info.plist` file has `CFBundleURLTypes` and `CFBundleURLSchemes` keys as in the code above.

### Dive Into The Code

Open the `main.dart` file in the `lib` directory of your project and paste the contents below into it.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-flutter-native/main/complete-application/lib/main.dart"
 lang="dart" />

<Aside type="tip">
Putting all your logic in one file makes sense for a tutorial but for a larger application, you'll probably want to split it up.
</Aside>

At the top of the file, change the `FUSIONAUTH_DOMAIN` constant to the public URL for your FusionAuth instance ([the URL you used when configuring it](#set-up-a-public-url-for-fusionauth)).

For security, this code uses the system browser instead of an embedded webview. [Current mobile best practices for OAuth](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8252) require you to use the system browser rather than a webview, as a webview is controlled by the native application displaying it. From section 8.12 of that document:

<Aside type="note">
This best current practice requires that native apps MUST NOT use embedded user-agents to perform authorization requests and allows that authorization endpoints MAY take steps to detect and block authorization requests in embedded user-agents.
</Aside>

## Customization

The final step is to add a logo to be displayed in the app. To do that, run the following commands.

```shell
mkdir assets
curl -o assets/example_bank_logo.svg https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-flutter-native/main/complete-application/assets/example_bank_logo.svg
```

In `pubspec.yaml`, add an `assets` section that will allow the logo to be copied over to the application.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-flutter-native/main/complete-application/pubspec.yaml"
 lang="yaml" tags="addAsset"/>

## Run The Application

Start up your emulators or real devices again.

```shell
flutter run -d all
```

Log in using `richard@example.com` and `password`.

<QuickstartTshirtCTA/>

## Next Steps

<NextSteps />

### Additional Resources

Want to dive in further? Here are some additional resources for understanding auth in Flutter and mobile applications.

* [Flutter AppAuth Plugin](https://pub.dev/packages/flutter_appauth)
* [FusionAuth Dart Client Library](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-dart-client)
* [Native app OAuth best practices](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8252)

## Troubleshooting

* I get `Error retrieving discovery document: A server with the specified hostname could not be found` when I click the login button.

Ensure FusionAuth is running on a publicly accessible URL and that the `FUSIONAUTH_DOMAIN` variable in `main.dart` is set to the correct URL of your FusionAuth instance.

* I get `Resolving dependencies... Because flutterdemo requires SDK version >=3.0.0 <4.0.0, version solving failed.`

Ensure you have the latest Flutter version and that the version of Dart is greater than 3.0.0 by running the following command.

```
flutter upgrade
```

# Android Java - AppAuth

import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from '/src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import DockerSpinup from '/src/components/quickstarts/DockerSpinup.astro';
import IconButton from '/src/components/IconButton.astro';
import InlineField from '/src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from '/src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import Intro from '/src/components/quickstarts/Intro.astro';
import {Content as LoginArchitectureWeb} from '/src/components/quickstarts/LoginArchitectureWeb.mdx';
import NextSteps from '/src/components/quickstarts/NextSteps.astro';
import QuickstartNgrok from '/src/components/quickstarts/quickstart-ngrok.mdx';
import QuickstartTshirtCTA from '/src/components/quickstarts/QuickstartTshirtCTA.astro'
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';

<Intro fulltext="an Android app with Java"
       repositoryUrl="https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-android-native"/>


## Prerequisites

- [Android Studio](https://developer.android.com/studio): The official IDE for Android will help you develop and install necessary tools to set it up.
  - There, you need to [install at least JDK 17](https://developer.android.com/build/jdks).
- [Git](https://git-scm.com/site): You'll use it to clone the base repository.
- [Docker](https://www.docker.com): The quickest way to stand up FusionAuth. (There are [other ways](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/)).

This app was built on top of [AppAuth](https://github.com/openid/AppAuth-Android), which is an open source client SDK for communicating with OAuth 2.0 and OpenID Connect providers. AppAuth supports Android API 16 (Jellybean) and above.

## General Architecture

<LoginArchitectureWeb />

## Getting Started

In this section, you'll get FusionAuth up and running and use `git` to create a new application.

### Clone the Code

First off, grab the code from the repository and change into that directory.

```shell
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-android-native.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-java-android-native
```

### Run FusionAuth via Docker

<DockerSpinup kickstartUri={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} />

### Set Up A Public URL For FusionAuth

<QuickstartNgrok />

### Configure FusionAuth Instance

Now that you have [exposed your instance](#set-up-a-public-url-for-fusionauth), you need to update the Tenant issuer to make sure it matches the given address.

Log into the [FusionAuth admin UI](http://localhost:9011/admin), browse to `Tenants` in the sidebar, click <IconButton icon="edit" color="blue" /> on the **Default** tenant to edit it. Paste the complete address _(with protocol and domain)_ you copied from ngrok into the `Issuer` field (e.g. `https://6d1e-2804-431-c7c9-739-4703-98a7-4b81-5ba6.ngrok-free.app`). Save the application by clicking the <IconButton icon="save" color="blue" /> icon in the top right corner.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> and click <IconButton icon="edit" color="blue" /> on the **Example Android App** application. Click on the <Breadcrumb>JWT</Breadcrumb> tab, change both `Access token signing key` and `Id token signing key` to `Auto generate a new key on save...` and save the application.

<Aside type="note">
You must create new keys after modifying the `Tenant` because the `Issuer` field is embedded in the key.
</Aside>

### Create your Android App

Now you are going to create an Android app. While this section builds a simple Android app on top of the [AppAuth demo app](https://github.com/openid/AppAuth-Android), you can use the same configuration to integrate your existing app with FusionAuth.

```shell
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/openid-AppAuth-Android.git
cd openid-AppAuth-Android
```

Start by removing some unused files:

```shell
rm app/java/io/fusionauth/app/BrowserSelectionAdapter.java
rm app/res/layout/browser_selector_layout.xml
```

Change the package namespace in `app/build.gradle`. You can replace the entire file with below contents.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-android-native/main/complete-application/app/build.gradle"
            lang="groovy"/>

Replace `app/AndroidManifest.xml` as well.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-android-native/main/complete-application/app/AndroidManifest.xml"
            lang="xml"/>

## Authentication

We'll use the [AppAuth Library](https://github.com/openid/AppAuth-Android), which simplifies integrating with FusionAuth and creating a secure web application.

### Configure AppAuth

Modify `app/res/raw/auth_config.json` to use the values provisioned by Kickstart. Update the `discovery_uri` value; change `https://[YOUR-NGROK-MAIN-DOMAIN]` to the URL you wrote when [exposing your instance](#set-up-a-public-url-for-fusionauth).

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-android-native/main/complete-application/app/res/raw/auth_config.json"
            lang="json"/>

### Change Activities

An [Activity](https://developer.android.com/guide/components/activities/intro-activities) is a screen for your app, combining the User Interface as well as the logic to handle it. Start by changing the login activity layout at `app/res/layout/activity_login.xml`. Replace it with the below XML.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-android-native/main/complete-application/app/res/layout/activity_login.xml"
            lang="xml"/>

Now modify login activity logic by replacing `app/java/io/fusionauth/app/LoginActivity.java` with this code.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-android-native/main/complete-application/app/java/io/fusionauth/app/LoginActivity.java"
            lang="java"/>

Update the main screen layout in the file `app/res/layout/activity_token.xml`.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-android-native/main/complete-application/app/res/layout/activity_token.xml"
            lang="xml"/>

And finally, change the main screen logic by replacing the content of `app/java/io/fusionauth/app/TokenActivity.java` with the below.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-android-native/main/complete-application/app/java/io/fusionauth/app/TokenActivity.java"
            lang="java"/>

## App Customization

In this section, you'll update the look and feel of your native application to match the ChangeBank banking styling.

### Change Colors and Strings

Change the application colors in `app/res/values/colors.xml` to the ones used by Changebank.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-android-native/main/complete-application/app/res/values/colors.xml"
            lang="xml"/>

Modify strings shown in the user interface by updating `app/res/values/strings.xml`.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-android-native/main/complete-application/app/res/values/strings.xml"
            lang="xml"/>

### Add Styling

Now, add image assets to make this look like a real application with the following shell commands.

```shell
curl -o app/res/drawable/changebank.png https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-android-native/main/complete-application/app/res/drawable/changebank.png
curl -o app/res/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher.png https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-android-native/main/complete-application/app/res/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher.png
curl -o app/res/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher.png https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-android-native/main/complete-application/app/res/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher.png
curl -o app/res/mipmap-mdpi/ic_launcher.png https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-android-native/main/complete-application/app/res/mipmap-mdpi/ic_launcher.png
curl -o app/res/mipmap-xhdpi/ic_launcher.png https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-android-native/main/complete-application/app/res/mipmap-xhdpi/ic_launcher.png
curl -o app/res/mipmap-xxhdpi/ic_launcher.png https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-android-native/main/complete-application/app/res/mipmap-xxhdpi/ic_launcher.png
curl -o app/res/mipmap-xxxhdpi/ic_launcher.png https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-android-native/main/complete-application/app/res/mipmap-xxxhdpi/ic_launcher.png
```

Once you've created these files, you can test the application out.

## Run the App

You can either [connect a hardware device](https://developer.android.com/studio/run/device) or create an Android Virtual Device to run the [Android Emulator](https://developer.android.com/studio/run/emulator)

[Build and run the app](https://developer.android.com/studio/run/) following Android Studio guidelines.

<QuickstartTshirtCTA/>

## Next Steps

<NextSteps>
  <Fragment slot="security">
    <li>Implement refresh tokens using [AppAuth](https://github.com/openid/AppAuth-Android).</li>
  </Fragment>
</NextSteps>


## Troubleshooting

* I can't log in

Make sure you have the right values at `app/res/raw/auth_config.json`. Double-check the `Issuer` in the **Tenant** to make sure it matches the public URL that FusionAuth is running at.

# Android Kotlin - Fusionauth SDK

import Breadcrumb from '/src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import DockerSpinup from '/src/components/quickstarts/DockerSpinup.astro';
import InlineField from '/src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from '/src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import Intro from '/src/components/quickstarts/Intro.astro';
import {Content as LoginArchitectureWeb} from '/src/components/quickstarts/LoginArchitectureWeb.mdx';
import NextSteps from '/src/components/quickstarts/NextSteps.astro';
import QuickstartTshirtCTA from '/src/components/quickstarts/QuickstartTshirtCTA.astro'
import RemoteContent from 'src/components/RemoteContent.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';

This quickstart is built on top of [FusionAuth Android SDK](/docs/sdks/android-sdk) demonstrating the different functionalities of the SDK available.

<Intro fulltext="an Android app with Kotlin"
    repositoryUrl="https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-kotlin-android-native"/>

## Prerequisites

<RemoteContent url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-kotlin-android-native/main/README.md"
    tags="forDocSitePrerequisites" />

## General Architecture

<LoginArchitectureWeb/>

## Getting Started

In this section, you'll get FusionAuth up and running and use `git` to create a new application.

### Clone the Code

First off, grab the code from the repository and change into that directory.

```shell
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-kotlin-android-native.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-kotlin-android-native
```

### Run FusionAuth via Docker

<DockerSpinup kickstartUri={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} />

### Create your Android App

If you want to skip the step by step creation of the Android App open the `./complete-application/` folder in Android Studio.

Open Android Studio and select `New Project`. Choose `No Activity` and click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>.

You can set `Name` to `FusionAuth Android SDK Quickstart`, `Package name` to `io.fusionauth.sdk` and `Save location` as per your preference.
Keep the `Language` as `Kotlin`, `Minimum API level` as `API 24 ("Nougat"; Android 7.0)` and `Build configuration language` as `Kotlin DSL`.

Click <InlineUIElement>Finish</InlineUIElement>.

Wait until Android Studio has finished creating and indexing the project.

Add the [FusionAuth SDK as a dependency](https://central.sonatype.com/artifact/io.fusionauth/fusionauth-android-sdk/) to your project by changing the `app/build.gradle.kts` file. You can replace the entire file with below contents.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-kotlin-android-native/main/complete-application/app/build.gradle.kts"
            lang="kotlin"/>

Replace `app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml` as well which defines all Activities used later.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-kotlin-android-native/main/complete-application/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml"
            lang="kotlin"/>

## Authentication

We'll use the [FusionAuth Android SDK](/docs/sdks/android-sdk) , which simplifies integrating with FusionAuth and creating a secure web application.

### Configure FusionAuth

Create `app/src/main/res/raw/fusionauth_config.json` to use the values provisioned by Kickstart.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-android-sdk/main/app/src/main/res/raw/fusionauth_config.json"
            lang="json"/>

### Change Activities

An [Activity](https://developer.android.com/guide/components/activities/intro-activities) is a screen for your app, combining the User Interface as well as the logic to handle it.
Start by creating the login activity layout at `app/src/main/res/layout/activity_login.xml`. Replace it with the below XML.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-kotlin-android-native/main/complete-application/app/src/main/res/layout/activity_login.xml"
    lang="xml"/>

Now modify login activity logic by creating `app/src/main/java/io/fusionauth/sdk/LoginActivity.kt` with this code.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-kotlin-android-native/main/complete-application/app/src/main/java/io/fusionauth/sdk/LoginActivity.kt"
    lang="kotlin"/>

Create the main screen layout in the file `app/src/main/res/layout/activity_token.xml`.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-kotlin-android-native/main/complete-application/app/src/main/res/layout/activity_token.xml"
    lang="xml"/>

And finally, create the main screen logic by creating `app/src/main/java/io/fusionauth/sdk/TokenActivity.kt` with the below.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-kotlin-android-native/main/complete-application/app/src/main/java/io/fusionauth/sdk/TokenActivity.kt"
    lang="kotlin"/>

## App Customization

In this section, you'll update the look and feel of your native application to match the ChangeBank banking styling.

### Change Colors and Strings

Change the application colors in `app/src/main/res/values/colors.xml` to the ones used by ChangeBank.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-kotlin-android-native/main/complete-application/app/src/main/res/values/colors.xml"
    lang="xml"/>

Modify strings shown in the user interface by updating `app/src/main/res/values/strings.xml`.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-kotlin-android-native/main/complete-application/app/src/main/res/values/strings.xml"
    lang="xml"/>

Update the theme in `app/src/main/res/values/themes.xml`.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-kotlin-android-native/main/complete-application/app/src/main/res/values/themes.xml"
    lang="xml"/>

Create the dimension file in `app/src/main/res/values/dimens.xml`.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-kotlin-android-native/main/complete-application/app/src/main/res/values/dimens.xml"
            lang="xml"/>

Finally, remove the night theme by deleting `app/src/main/res/values-night` directory.

### Add Styling

Now, add image assets to make this look like a real application with the following shell commands, run in the root of your project.

```shell
curl -o app/src/main/res/drawable/changebank.png https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-kotlin-android-native/main/complete-application/app/src/main/res/drawable/changebank.png
curl -o app/src/main/res/drawable/ic_launcher_background.xml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-kotlin-android-native/main/complete-application/app/src/main/res/drawable/ic_launcher_background.xml
curl -o app/src/main/res/drawable/ic_launcher_foreground.xml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-kotlin-android-native/main/complete-application/app/src/main/res/drawable/ic_launcher_foreground.xml
curl -o app/src/main/res/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher.webp https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-kotlin-android-native/main/complete-application/app/src/main/res/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher.webp
curl -o app/src/main/res/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-kotlin-android-native/main/complete-application/app/src/main/res/mipmap-hdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp
curl -o app/src/main/res/mipmap-mdpi/ic_launcher.webp https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-kotlin-android-native/main/complete-application/app/src/main/res/mipmap-mdpi/ic_launcher.webp
curl -o app/src/main/res/mipmap-mdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-kotlin-android-native/main/complete-application/app/src/main/res/mipmap-mdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp
curl -o app/src/main/res/mipmap-xhdpi/ic_launcher.webp https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-kotlin-android-native/main/complete-application/app/src/main/res/mipmap-xhdpi/ic_launcher.webp
curl -o app/src/main/res/mipmap-xhdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-kotlin-android-native/main/complete-application/app/src/main/res/mipmap-xhdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp
curl -o app/src/main/res/mipmap-xxhdpi/ic_launcher.webp https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-kotlin-android-native/main/complete-application/app/src/main/res/mipmap-xxhdpi/ic_launcher.webp
curl -o app/src/main/res/mipmap-xxhdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-kotlin-android-native/main/complete-application/app/src/main/res/mipmap-xxhdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp
curl -o app/src/main/res/mipmap-xxxhdpi/ic_launcher.webp https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-kotlin-android-native/main/complete-application/app/src/main/res/mipmap-xxxhdpi/ic_launcher.webp
curl -o app/src/main/res/mipmap-xxxhdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-kotlin-android-native/main/complete-application/app/src/main/res/mipmap-xxxhdpi/ic_launcher_round.webp
```

Once you've created these files, you can test the application out.

## Run the App

The quickstart app is configured to run on an Android Virtual Device using the [Android Emulator](https://developer.android.com/studio/run/emulator)

[Build and run the app](https://developer.android.com/studio/run/) following Android Studio guidelines.

<QuickstartTshirtCTA/>

## Next Steps

<NextSteps/>

## Troubleshooting

* I can't log in

Make sure you have the right values at `app/src/main/res/raw/fusionauth_config.json`. Double-check the `Issuer` in the **Tenant** to make sure it matches the URL that FusionAuth is running at.

# React Native

import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from '/src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import DockerSpinup from '/src/components/quickstarts/DockerSpinup.astro';
import IconButton from '/src/components/IconButton.astro';
import InlineField from '/src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from '/src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import Intro from '/src/components/quickstarts/Intro.astro';
import {Content as LoginArchitectureWeb} from '/src/components/quickstarts/LoginArchitectureWeb.mdx';
import NextSteps from '/src/components/quickstarts/NextSteps.astro';
import QuickstartNgrok from '/src/components/quickstarts/quickstart-ngrok.mdx';
import QuickstartTshirtCTA from '/src/components/quickstarts/QuickstartTshirtCTA.astro'
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import RemoteValue from 'src/components/RemoteValue/RemoteValue.astro';

<Intro technology="React Native"
       repositoryUrl="https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-react-native"/>

## Prerequisites

- [Node](https://nodejs.org): This will be used to set up your project.
- [Docker](https://www.docker.com): The quickest way to stand up FusionAuth. (There are [other ways](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/)).
- To test on Android devices, you can either connect a physical device or [Android Studio](https://developer.android.com/studio) to set up an emulator.
- To test on iOS devices, you'll need a Mac and install [Xcode](https://developer.apple.com/xcode/) to set up an emulator.

This app has been tested with React Native 0.72.4 and Node 20. This example should work with other compatible versions of React Native.

## General Architecture

<LoginArchitectureWeb />

## Getting Started

In this section, you'll get FusionAuth up and running and use `npx` to create a new application.

### Clone the Code

First off, grab the code from the repository and change into that directory.

```
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-react-native.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-react-native
```

### Run FusionAuth via Docker

<DockerSpinup kickstartUri={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} />

### Set Up A Public URL For FusionAuth

<QuickstartNgrok />

### Create your React Native Application

Now you're going to create a React Native application. While this section builds a simple React Native application, you can use the same configuration to integrate your existing React Native application with FusionAuth.
To make things easier, you're going to use `create-expo-app`, a library that sets up the environment using [Expo](https://docs.expo.dev/), a platform that runs natively on all your users' devices

```shell
npx create-expo-app my-react-native-app && cd my-react-native-app
```

You'll have to create all files in the root directory for your application.

<Aside type="note">
  If this is your first time setting up a React Native application, you'll receive a message asking if you want to install `create-expo-app`, so press `y` to confirm.
</Aside>

## Authentication

We'll use the [Expo AuthSession library](https://docs.expo.dev/versions/latest/sdk/auth-session/), which simplifies integrating with FusionAuth and creating a secure web application.

### Configure Expo AuthSession

Install `expo-auth-session`, its dependency `expo-crypto` to handle cryptographic operations and `expo-web-browser` to interact with the device Browser in order to log the user in or out.

```shell
npx expo install expo-auth-session expo-crypto expo-web-browser
```

Create a `.env` file to hold information about your FusionAuth instance and application, replacing the value in `EXPO_PUBLIC_FUSIONAUTH_URL` with the address you copied from `ngrok` when [exposing your instance](#set-up-a-public-url-for-fusionauth).

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/.env"}
            lang="ini"/>

Replace `app.json` with the contents below to add some details about your app:
- A `scheme` that will be used when redirecting back to your application after logging in and out of FusionAuth.
- The package name for both Android (`expo.android.package`) and iOS (`expo.ios.bundleIdentifier`) builds.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/app.json"}
            lang="json"/>

## App Customization

In this section, you'll turn your application into a trivial banking application with some styling.

### Add Styling

First, run the command below to install some libraries needed for theming.

```shell
npm install expo-image expo-constants react-native-currency-input
```

Instead of using CSS, React Native has its own concept of [stylesheets](https://reactnative.dev/docs/stylesheet). Create a file named `changebank.style.js` with the contents below to style your ChangeBank app.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/changebank.style.js"}
            lang="javascript"/>

Run the command below to download the ChangeBank logo into the `assets` folder.

```shell
wget -O assets/changebank.svg https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-react-native/main/complete-application/assets/changebank.svg
```

## Finish Setting up the App

Replace the existing `App.js` to integrate `expo-auth-session`, add the ChangeBank template, and stitch everything up.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/App.js"}
            lang="javascript"/>

## Run the App

Depending on where you want to test your app, follow these instructions.
- For Android devices: you can either [connect a physical device](https://developer.android.com/studio/run/device) or install [Android Studio](https://developer.android.com/studio) to [set up an emulator](https://developer.android.com/studio/run/emulator).
- For iOS devices: if you are running a Mac, you can install [Xcode](https://developer.apple.com/xcode/) to [set up an emulator or run on a physical device](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xcode/running-your-app-in-simulator-or-on-a-device/).

Now that you have a device connected or an emulator running, start up the React Native application from the root `my-react-native-app` directory using the command below.

```shell
npx expo start
```

After waiting a few moments, you should see a QR Code and a menu with some actions. Right below the QR Code, you'll see a message like this one _(the real address may vary)_.

```
› Metro waiting on exp://192.168.1.2:8081
```

To use [Expo Go](https://docs.expo.dev/get-started/expo-go/), a client for testing your apps on Android and iOS devices without building anything locally, you need to:

* Copy that listening address (`exp://192.168.1.2:8081`).
* Navigate to your FusionAuth instance on [localhost:9011](http://localhost:9011).
* Log in with the email `admin@example.com` and password `password`.
* Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb>.
* Click on <IconButton icon="edit" color="blue" /> in your `ExampleReactNativeApp` to edit it.
* Go to the <Breadcrumb>OAuth</Breadcrumb> tab.
* Add that address to **Authorized redirect URLs** and append `/--/redirect` to it
  * Example: for `exp://192.168.1.2:8081`, you'd need to add `exp://192.168.1.2:8081/--/redirect` as a redirect URL
* Click on <IconButton icon="save" color="blue" /> to save your changes.

Go back to the terminal with the Expo menu. To test on the connected or emulated Android device, press `a`. Otherwise, press `i` to run on the iOS device.

Wait a few seconds and Expo will build and install the app in your device. You should then see the ChangeBank welcome page. Click the <InlineUIElement>Log in</InlineUIElement> button in the top right corner of that screen.

<Aside type="note">
  If it is your first time running the app, ngrok will ask if you really want to continue to that page, so click <InlineUIElement>Visit Site</InlineUIElement>.
</Aside>

You'll finally arrive at the FusionAuth login screen. Fill in <code><RemoteValue url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "kickstart/kickstart.json"} selector="$.variables.userEmail" /></code> and <code><RemoteValue url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "kickstart/kickstart.json"} selector="$.variables.userPassword" /></code> and click on <InlineUIElement>Submit</InlineUIElement> to be redirected back to the logged-in ChangeBank page.

<QuickstartTshirtCTA/>

## Next Steps

<NextSteps>
  <Fragment slot="security">
    <li>[Expo AuthSession](https://docs.expo.dev/versions/latest/sdk/auth-session/) handles token validation and refresh.</li>
  </Fragment>
</NextSteps>

### Build your App for Distribution

Follow [Expo's "Create your first build" tutorial](https://docs.expo.dev/build/setup/) to learn how to create a build for your app.

## Troubleshooting

* I keep receiving an `invalid_redirect_uri` when running the app with Expo Go

Make sure you have updated the **Authorized redirect URLs** in your [FusionAuth instance](http://localhost:9011) like shown on the [Run the App](#run-the-app) step.

# iOS Swift - FusionAuth SDK

import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import IconButton from '/src/components/IconButton.astro';
import Breadcrumb from '/src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineUIElement from '/src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import InlineField from '/src/components/InlineField.astro';
import Intro from '/src/components/quickstarts/Intro.astro';
import DockerSpinup from '/src/components/quickstarts/DockerSpinup.astro';
import {Content as LoginArchitectureWeb} from '/src/components/quickstarts/LoginArchitectureWeb.mdx';
import NextSteps from '/src/components/quickstarts/NextSteps.astro';
import RemoteContent from 'src/components/RemoteContent.astro';
import QuickstartTshirtCTA from '/src/components/quickstarts/QuickstartTshirtCTA.astro'
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';

This quickstart is built on top of [FusionAuth iOS SDK](/docs/sdks/swift-sdk) demonstrating the different functionalities of the SDK available.

<Intro fulltext="an iOS app with Swift" repositoryUrl="https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-swift-ios-native"/>

## Prerequisites

<RemoteContent url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/README.md"} tags="forDocSitePrerequisites" />

## General Architecture

<LoginArchitectureWeb/>

## Getting Started

In this section, you'll get FusionAuth up and running and use `git` to create a new application.

### Clone the Code

First off, grab the code from the repository and change into that directory.

```shell
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-swift-ios-native.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-swift-ios-native
```

### Run FusionAuth via Docker

<DockerSpinup kickstartUri={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} />

### Create your iOS App

If you want to skip the step by step creation of the iOS App open the `./complete-application/` folder in Xcode.

Open Xcode and click <Breadcrumb>File -> New Project</Breadcrumb>. Choose <InlineUIElement>iOS</InlineUIElement> as the platform, and <InlineUIElement>App</InlineUIElement> as the application type. Click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>.

You can set <InlineField>Product Name</InlineField> to `Quickstart`, <InlineField>Organization Identifier</InlineField> to `io.fusionauth` and click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement> and <InlineUIElement>Create</InlineUIElement> your project in a folder as per your preference.

Wait until Xcode has finished creating and indexing the project.

Now you have a standard "Hello World" app. You can run it in the simulator by clicking the play button in the top left corner of Xcode or selecting <Breadcrumb>Product -> Run</Breadcrumb> from the menu bar.

## Authentication

We'll use the [FusionAuth iOS SDK](/docs/sdks/swift-sdk), which simplifies integrating with FusionAuth and creating a secure web application.

Add the [FusionAuth Swift SDK as a dependency](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-swift-sdk) to your project by [Add Package Dependencies..](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xcode/adding-package-dependencies-to-your-app) with the latest version. Select the Quickstart Application as a target and click `Add Package`.

### Configure FusionAuth

First, create a new property list file to store the configuration values. Select <Breadcrumb>File -> New -> File from Template</Breadcrumb> from the menu bar. Select <InlineUIElement>Property List</InlineUIElement> as the template. Click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>. Set the name of the file to `FusionAuth.plist`. Make sure that the `Quickstart` subfolder is selected. Click <InlineUIElement>Create</InlineUIElement>.

Right-click on the `Quickstart/FusionAuth.plist` file in the project navigator and select <InlineUIElement>Open As -> Source Code</InlineUIElement>. Copy and paste the following code into the file to use the values provisioned by Kickstart.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/Quickstart/FusionAuth.plist"} lang="xml"/>

In this example we are using a `ObservableObject` to store and listen to changes in the `FusionAuthState` object. This object will be used to determine which view to display based on the user's authentication state.

Create a new Swift file to store the `FusionAuthState` object. Select <Breadcrumb>File -> New -> File from Template</Breadcrumb> from the menu bar. Select <InlineUIElement>Swift File</InlineUIElement> as the template. Click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>. Set the name of the file to `FusionAuthStateObject.swift`. Click <InlineUIElement>Create</InlineUIElement>.

Replace the contents of the `Quickstart/FusionAuthStateObject.swift` file with the following code.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/Quickstart/FusionAuthStateObject.swift"} lang="swift"/>

Finally, update the quickstart app `Quickstart/QuickstartApp.swift` to use the `AuthorizationManager` and register `FusionAuthStateObject` as an environment object.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/Quickstart/QuickstartApp.swift"} lang="swift"/>

### Change Views

A [View](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/views_and_controls) and controls are the visual building blocks of your app’s user interface. Use them to draw and organize your app’s content onscreen.

Start by creating login view by selecting <Breadcrumb>File -> New -> File from Template</Breadcrumb> from the menu bar. Select <InlineUIElement>SwiftUI View</InlineUIElement> as the template. Click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>. Set the name of the file to `LoginView.swift`. Click <InlineUIElement>Create</InlineUIElement>. Replace the contents of the `Quickstart/LoginView.swift` file with the following code.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/Quickstart/LoginView.swift"} lang="swift"/>

The `LoginView` view is displayed when the user is not logged in and contains a button that initiates the login flow. The `login` method is called when the login button is pressed.

Next, create the logged in view `Quickstart/LoggedInView.swift` like previously done for the `LoginView.swift`.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/Quickstart/LoggedInView.swift"} lang="swift"/>

Next, we update the `Quickstart/ContentView.swift` view to display the login screen if the user is not logged in, or the main app screens if the user is logged in. The `UserAuth` object is accessed via the `@EnvironmentObject` property wrapper, and the `isLoggedIn` property is used to determine which view to display.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/Quickstart/ContentView.swift"} lang="swift"/>

Create the main view after a successful login in the file `Quickstart/HomeView.swift`.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/Quickstart/HomeView.swift"} lang="swift"/>

The `HomeView` view is displayed when the user is logged in. It greets the user by their name, email or nick retrieved from FusionAuth, and contains buttons that initiates the refresh token and logout flow. The `UserInfo` state object is updated with the user's information when the view is loaded, and the `refreshToken` and `logout` methods are called when the corresponding buttons are pressed.

### Add The Make Change View

ChangeBank's main business is to convert your notes to coins. The `MakeChangeView` view is available when the user is logged in. It takes an amount in dollars and returns the equivalent amount in nickels and pennies.

Create the `Quickstart/MakeChangeView.swift` file.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/Quickstart/MakeChangeView.swift"} lang="swift"/>

## App Customization

In this section, you'll update the look and feel of your native application to match the ChangeBank banking styling.

### Change Colors and Styles

Add the colors and styles in the file `Quickstart/Styles.swift`.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/Quickstart/Styles.swift"} lang="swift"/>

### Add Images

Now, add image assets to make this look like a real application with the following shell commands, run in the root of your project.

```shell
curl --create-dirs -o Quickstart/Assets.xcassets/AccentColor.colorset/Contents.json https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-swift-ios-native/refs/heads/main/complete-application/Quickstart/Assets.xcassets/AccentColor.colorset/Contents.json
curl --create-dirs -o Quickstart/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/Contents.json https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-swift-ios-native/refs/heads/main/complete-application/Quickstart/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/Contents.json
curl --create-dirs -o Quickstart/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/fa_icon.png https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-swift-ios-native/refs/heads/main/complete-application/Quickstart/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/fa_icon.png
curl --create-dirs -o Quickstart/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/fa_icon_dark.png https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-swift-ios-native/refs/heads/main/complete-application/Quickstart/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/fa_icon_dark.png
curl --create-dirs -o Quickstart/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/fa_icon_tinted.png https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-swift-ios-native/refs/heads/main/complete-application/Quickstart/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/fa_icon_tinted.png
curl --create-dirs -o Quickstart/Assets.xcassets/changebank.imageset/Contents.json https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-swift-ios-native/refs/heads/main/complete-application/Quickstart/Assets.xcassets/changebank.imageset/Contents.json
curl --create-dirs -o Quickstart/Assets.xcassets/changebank.imageset/Image.png https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-swift-ios-native/refs/heads/main/complete-application/Quickstart/Assets.xcassets/changebank.imageset/Image.png
```

Once you've created these files, you can test the application out.

## Run the App

The quickstart app is configured to run on an [iOS Simulator or iOS device.](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xcode/running-your-app-in-simulator-or-on-a-device)

### Running The App On A Simulator

To run the app in the simulator, click the play button in the top-left corner of Xcode or select <Breadcrumb>Product -> Run</Breadcrumb> from the menu bar. The app will be built and run in the simulator.

Click <InlineUIElement>Login</InlineUIElement>. You should see a system notification, and then be redirected to FusionAuth in a popup browser. Log in with the username `richard@example.com` and the password `password`. You should see the home screen displaying your name, your balance, and a logout button.

At the bottom of the screen, you'll see a tab bar with two tabs. Click the <Breadcrumb>Make Change</Breadcrumb> tab. Enter an amount in dollars, and click <InlineUIElement>Make Change</InlineUIElement>. You should see the equivalent amount in nickels and pennies displayed.

Navigate back to the home screen by clicking the <Breadcrumb>Home</Breadcrumb> tab. Click <InlineUIElement>Refresh Token</InlineUIElement> and you should see in the logs a new token being generated. Then click <InlineUIElement>Log out</InlineUIElement>. You should see another system notification and then be redirected to FusionAuth to log out. Finally, you'll be returned to the login screen.

### Running The App On A Device

To run the app on your device, you need to make a few changes. This is because the app will be running on a different device to the FusionAuth instance, so it won't be able to access the FusionAuth instance via `localhost`.

A simple way to get around this is to use [ngrok](https://ngrok.com/), a tool that allows you to expose a local server to the internet. You can follow the [guide here](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/exposing-instance). Note the URL ngrok gave you as you'll need it soon.

Now that you have the URL, you need to update the FusionAuth Tenant issuer to make sure it matches the given address.

Log in to the [FusionAuth admin UI](http://localhost:9011/admin), browse to <Breadcrumb>Tenants</Breadcrumb> in the sidebar, and click <IconButton icon="edit" color="blue" /> on the "Default" tenant to edit it. Paste the complete address _(with protocol and domain)_ you copied from ngrok into the <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> field (for example, `https://6d1e-2804-431-c7c9-739-4703-98a7-4b81-5ba6.ngrok-free.app`). Save the tenant by clicking the <IconButton icon="save" color="blue" /> icon in the top-right corner.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> and click <IconButton icon="edit" color="blue" /> on the "Example Apple SwiftUI iOS App" application. Click on the <Breadcrumb>JWT</Breadcrumb> tab, change both <InlineField>Access token signing key</InlineField> and <InlineField>Id token signing key</InlineField> to `Auto generate a new key on save...` and save the application.

<Aside type="note">
  You must create new keys after modifying the Tenant because the Issuer field is embedded in the key.
</Aside>

Now you need to update the `FusionAuth.plist` file to use the ngrok URL. Open the `FusionAuth.plist` file in the project navigator, and change the value of the `fusionAuthUrl` key to the ngrok URL.

Now you can run the app on your device. Connect your device to your computer via USB. In Xcode, select your device from the device menu in the top-left corner of the window. Click the play button in the top left corner of Xcode, or select <Breadcrumb>Product -> Run</Breadcrumb> from the menu bar. The app will be built and run on your device.

Note that you need to enable [developer mode](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xcode/enabling-developer-mode-on-a-device) on your device to run the app there. You will also need to associate a developer team with your Xcode project. You can do this by selecting the project file in the project navigator and selecting your team in the <Breadcrumb>Signing & Capabilities</Breadcrumb> tab. If you don't have a developer account, you can use your personal Apple ID as the team.

<QuickstartTshirtCTA/>

## Next Steps

<NextSteps/>

## Troubleshooting

* I can't log in

Make sure you have the right values at `Quickstart/FusionAuth.plist`. Double-check the `Issuer` in the **Tenant** to make sure it matches the URL that FusionAuth is running at including the protocol (https://).

* It still doesn't work.

You can always pull down a complete running application and compare what's different.

```bash
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-swift-ios-native.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-swift-ios-native
docker compose up
```

Then open and run the Xcode project in the `complete-application` directory.

# iOS Swift - AppAuth

import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import DockerSpinup from '/src/components/quickstarts/DockerSpinup.astro';
import Intro from '/src/components/quickstarts/Intro.astro';
import {Content as LoginArchitectureWeb} from '/src/components/quickstarts/LoginArchitectureWeb.mdx';
import IconButton from '/src/components/IconButton.astro';
import Breadcrumb from '/src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineUIElement from '/src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import Field from '/src/components/Field.astro';
import NextSteps from '/src/components/quickstarts/NextSteps.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import QuickstartNgrok from '/src/components/quickstarts/quickstart-ngrok.mdx';
import QuickstartTshirtCTA from '/src/components/quickstarts/QuickstartTshirtCTA.astro'

<Intro fulltext="an iOS app with Swift and SwiftUI"
       repositoryUrl="https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-swift-ios-native-appauth"/>

## Prerequisites

- [Xcode](https://developer.apple.com/xcode/): The official IDE for iOS development. Install it from the Mac App Store.
- An Apple Developer account (optional): For running your app on a device and publishing your app. You can still develop and test the app in a simulator without an account.
- [Docker](https://www.docker.com): The quickest way to stand up FusionAuth (there are [other ways](/docs/get-started/download-and-install).) Ensure you also have [Docker Compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/) installed.

This app was built using [AppAuth](https://github.com/openid/AppAuth-ios), an open-source client SDK for communicating with OAuth 2.0 and OpenID Connect providers. AppAuth supports iOS 7 and newer.

## General Architecture

<LoginArchitectureWeb />

## Getting Started

In this section, you'll get FusionAuth up and running and use Git to create a new application.

### Clone The Code

First, grab the code from the repository and change to that directory.

```shell
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-swift-ios-native-appauth
cd fusionauth-quickstart-swift-ios-native-appauth
```

### Run FusionAuth Via Docker

<DockerSpinup kickstartUri={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} />

### Set Up A Public URL For FusionAuth

<QuickstartNgrok />

### Create Your iOS App

Now you will create an iOS app. While this section builds a simple iOS app using [AppAuth](https://github.com/openid/AppAuth-ios), you can use the same configuration to integrate your existing app with FusionAuth.

Open Xcode and click <Breadcrumb>File -> New Project</Breadcrumb>. Choose "iOS" as the platform, and "App" as the application type. Click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>.

Set <Field label="Product Name"/> to `ChangeBank`. Set the <Field label="Organization Identifier"/> to `FusionAuth`.

<Aside type="note">
  If you use different values here, you will need to update the redirect URLs in your FusionAuth application to match your changes.
</Aside>

Click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>, and choose a location on your computer to save the project to.

Now you have a standard "Hello World" app. You can run it in the simulator by clicking the play button in the top left corner of Xcode or selecting <Breadcrumb>Product -> Run</Breadcrumb> from the menu bar.

## Authentication

You'll use the [AppAuth Library](https://github.com/openid/AppAuth-ios), which simplifies integrating with FusionAuth and creating a secure web application.

### Add The AppAuth Library

There are many ways to add the AppAuth library to your project. The simplest way without installing any additional tools is to add the package to the project. 

Select <Breadcrumb>File -> Add Package Dependency</Breadcrumb> from the menu bar. In the search bar, paste in `https://github.com/openid/AppAuth-ios`. In the list of packages select "appauth-ios" and click <InlineUIElement>Add Package</InlineUIElement>. You will be asked to choose the packages to install. On the "Add to Target" column select `Changebank` for both "AppAuth" and "AppAuthCore". Click <InlineUIElement>Add Package</InlineUIElement> to add the packages to your project.

## Customization

Before you start coding, you need to add some assets and styles to your project that will be referenced later.

### Add Assets And Styles

Add the ChangeBank logo to the project. Download it from [here](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-swift-ios-native-appauth/main/complete-application/ChangeBank/Assets.xcassets/changebank.imageset/changebank.png). Click on the <InlineUIElement>Assets</InlineUIElement> directory in the project navigator to open the asset manager. Drag and drop the downloaded `changebank.png` file into the asset manager.

Add an app icon. Download it from [here](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-swift-ios-native-appauth/main/complete-application/ChangeBank/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/AppIcon.png). Click on the <InlineUIElement>Assets</InlineUIElement> directory in the project navigator to open the asset manager. Click the <InlineUIElement>AppIcon</InlineUIElement> item in the asset manager. Now drag and drop the downloaded `AppIcon.png` file into the AppIcon placeholder in the asset manager.

Add a new styles file to the project. Select <Breadcrumb>File -> New -> File</Breadcrumb> from the menu bar. Select <InlineUIElement>Swift File</InlineUIElement> as the template. Click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>. Set the name of the file to `Styles.swift`. Click <InlineUIElement>Create</InlineUIElement>.

Add the following code to the `Styles.swift` file:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/ChangeBank/Styles.swift"}
            lang="swift"/>

### Add A P-List File

To store the settings necessary to connect to the FusionAuth instance, you need to add a Property List file (or "p-list file" for short) to the project. None of the settings stored are sensitive, so you can safely store them in an unencrypted p-list file.

Select <Breadcrumb>File -> New -> File</Breadcrumb> from the menu bar. Select <InlineUIElement>Property List</InlineUIElement> in the <Breadcrumb>Resource</Breadcrumb> section as the template. Click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>. Set the name of the file to `ChangeBank`. Click <InlineUIElement>Create</InlineUIElement>. The file will be opened in the p-list editor.

Expand the "Root" item by clicking the arrow <InlineUIElement>></InlineUIElement> button, then click the <InlineUIElement>+</InlineUIElement> button next to the "Root" item. Name the new item `authCredentials`, and select the <Field label="Type"/> as `Dictionary`.

Now click the <InlineUIElement>+</InlineUIElement> button next to the "authCredentials" item. Name the new item `clientId`, and select the <Field label="Type"/> as `String`. In the "Value" column, enter `e9fdb985-9173-4e01-9d73-ac2d60d1dc8e`.

Expand the "authCredentials" item by clicking the arrow <InlineUIElement>></InlineUIElement> button. Click the <InlineUIElement>+</InlineUIElement> button next to the "authCredentials" item again. Name the new item `issuer`, and select the <Field label="Type"/> as `String`. In the "Value" column, enter `http://localhost:9011`.

To read the settings from the p-list file, you need to add a new class to the project. Select <Breadcrumb>File -> New -> File</Breadcrumb> from the menu bar. Select <InlineUIElement>Swift File</InlineUIElement> as the template and click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>. Set the name of the file to `AppSettingsReader.swift`. Click <InlineUIElement>Create</InlineUIElement>.

Add the following code to the `AppSettingsReader.swift` file:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/ChangeBank/AppSettingsReader.swift"}
            lang="swift"/>

This code adds new structs to hold the credentials and issuer settings, and a class to read the settings from the p-list file. 

### Implement AppAuth Logic

The AppAuth library was built for [UIKit](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit). To use it in a SwiftUI app, you need to implement some bridge logic between the two frameworks.

The main component to add is an `AppDelegate` class. This class will be responsible for coordinating the breakout browser window to handle the OAuth flow and interfacing with AppAuth. 

Select <Breadcrumb>File -> New -> File</Breadcrumb> from the menu bar. Select <InlineUIElement>Swift File</InlineUIElement> as the template. Click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>. Set the name of the file to `AppDelegate.swift`. Click <InlineUIElement>Create</InlineUIElement>.

Add the following code to the `AppDelegate.swift` file:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/ChangeBank/AppDelegate.swift"}
            lang="swift"/>

The `AppDelegate` class extends `UIResponder` and adopts the `UIApplicationDelegate` protocol, which means it listens for events in the iOS app's lifecycle. 

In the `application(_ app:UIApplication open url: URL options: )` method, the code checks if the URL being opened corresponds to an authorization flow and, if so, it tries to resume this flow. This flow relates to the situation where a user has completed a login or logout function in a web browser and the app is reopened via a callback URL from FusionAuth. The `resumeExternalUserAgentFlow(with:)` method is a part of AppAuth that handles the incoming URL and determines whether it corresponds to the AppAuth flow that was initiated, proceeding with the process if it matches.

The next step is to add an authentication flow manager class to the app. This class will be responsible for discovering the auth server endpoints and keys, initiating login and logout flows, and handling the results of those flows. It will also be responsible for storing the user's authentication state and retrieving the user's profile information from FusionAuth.

Select the <Breadcrumb>File -> New -> File</Breadcrumb> from the menu bar. Select <InlineUIElement>Swift File</InlineUIElement> as the template. Click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>. Set the name of the file to `UserAuth.swift`. Click <InlineUIElement>Create</InlineUIElement>.

Copy the following code into the `UserAuth.swift` file:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/ChangeBank/UserAuth.swift"}
            lang="swift"/>

Since the `UserAuth` class will be used by multiple views to determine the user's logged in status and profile information, it is declared as an `ObservableObject`. This means that any SwiftUI views that use the `UserAuth` class will be notified when the `UserAuth` object changes. As we only want one instance of the `UserAuth` class, it should be instantiated in the main `App` class, and passed to the views that need it via the root view [`environmentObject` method](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/view/environmentobject(_:)). This will make the `UserAuth` object available to all child views of the root view, and any views that need to access the `UserAuth` object can declare it as an `@EnvironmentObject` property.

Update the `App` class in the `ChangBankApp.swift` file to instantiate the `UserAuth` object and pass it to the root view:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/ChangeBank/ChangeBankApp.swift"}
            lang="swift"/>

### Create The `ContentView` View

The `ContentView` view is the root view of the app that will display the login screen if the user is not logged in, or the main app screens if the user is logged in. The `UserAuth` object is accessed via the `@EnvironmentObject` property wrapper, and the `isLoggedIn` property is used to determine which view to display.

Update the `ContentView` class in the `ContentView.swift` file as follows.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/ChangeBank/ContentView.swift"}
            lang="swift"/>

### Create The `LoginView` View

The `LoginView` view is displayed when the user is not logged in and contains a button that initiates the login flow. The `UserAuth` object is accessed via the `@EnvironmentObject` property wrapper, and the `login` method is called when the login button is pressed.

Select <Breadcrumb>File -> New -> File</Breadcrumb> from the menu bar. Select <InlineUIElement>Swift File</InlineUIElement> as the template. Click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>. Set the name of the file to `LoginView.swift`. Click <InlineUIElement>Create</InlineUIElement>.

Copy the following code into the `LoginView.swift` file:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/ChangeBank/LoginView.swift"}
            lang="swift"/>

### Add The Logged In Home View

The `HomeView` view is displayed when the user is logged in. It greets the user by their name, retrieved from FusionAuth, and contains a button that initiates the logout flow. The `UserAuth` object is accessed via the `@EnvironmentObject` property wrapper, and its `logout` method is called when the logout button is pressed.

Select <Breadcrumb>File -> New -> File</Breadcrumb> from the menu bar. Select <InlineUIElement>Swift File</InlineUIElement> as the template. Click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>. Set the name of the file to `HomeView.swift`. Click <InlineUIElement>Create</InlineUIElement>.

Copy the following code into the `HomeView.swift` file:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/ChangeBank/HomeView.swift"}
            lang="swift"/>

### Add The Make Change View

ChangeBank's main business is to convert your notes to coins. The `MakeChangeView` view is available when the user is logged in. It takes an amount in dollars and returns the equivalent amount in nickels and pennies. 

Select <Breadcrumb>File -> New -> File</Breadcrumb> from the menu bar. Select <InlineUIElement>Swift File</InlineUIElement> as the template. Click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>. Set the name of the file to `MakeChangeView.swift`. Click <InlineUIElement>Create</InlineUIElement>.

Copy the following code into the `MakeChangeView.swift` file.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/ChangeBank/MakeChangeView.swift"}
            lang="swift"/>

## Run The Application

You can run the application on a simulator or iOS device.

### Running The App On A Simulator

To run the app in the simulator, click the play button in the top-left corner of Xcode or select <Breadcrumb>Product -> Run</Breadcrumb> from the menu bar. The app will be built and run in the simulator.

Click <InlineUIElement>Login</InlineUIElement>. You should see a system notification, and then be redirected to FusionAuth in a popup browser. Log in with the username `richard@example.com` and the password `password`. You should see the home screen displaying your name, your balance, and a logout button.

At the bottom of the screen, you'll see a tab bar with two tabs. Click the <Breadcrumb>Make Change</Breadcrumb> tab. Enter an amount in dollars, and click <InlineUIElement>Make Change</InlineUIElement>. You should see the equivalent amount in nickels and pennies displayed.

Navigate back to the home screen by clicking the <Breadcrumb>Home</Breadcrumb> tab. Click <InlineUIElement>Logout</InlineUIElement>. You should see another system notification and then be redirected to FusionAuth to log out. Finally, you'll be returned to the login screen.

### Running The App On A Device

To run the app on your device, you need to make a few changes. This is because the app will be running on a different device to the FusionAuth instance, so it won't be able to access the FusionAuth instance via `localhost`.

A simple way to get around this is to use [ngrok](https://ngrok.com/), a tool that allows you to expose a local server to the internet. You can follow the [guide here](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/exposing-instance). Note the URL ngrok gave you as you'll need it soon.

Now that you have the URL, you need to update the FusionAuth Tenant issuer to make sure it matches the given address.

Log in to the [FusionAuth admin UI](http://localhost:9011/admin), browse to <Breadcrumb>Tenants</Breadcrumb> in the sidebar, and click <IconButton icon="edit" color="blue" /> on the "Default" tenant to edit it. Paste the complete address _(with protocol and domain)_ you copied from ngrok into the <Field label="Issuer"/> field (for example, `https://6d1e-2804-431-c7c9-739-4703-98a7-4b81-5ba6.ngrok-free.app`). Save the tenant by clicking the <IconButton icon="save" color="blue" /> icon in the top-right corner.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> and click <IconButton icon="edit" color="blue" /> on the "Example Apple SwiftUI iOS App" application. Click on the <Breadcrumb>JWT</Breadcrumb> tab, change both <Field label="Access token signing key"/> and <Field label="Id token signing key"/> to `Auto generate a new key on save...` and save the application.

<Aside type="note">
  You must create new keys after modifying the Tenant because the Issuer field is embedded in the key.
</Aside>

Now you need to update the `ChangeBank.plist` file to use the ngrok URL. Open the `ChangeBank.plist` file in the project navigator, and change the value of the `issuer` key to the ngrok URL.

Now you can run the app on your device. Connect your device to your computer via USB. In Xcode, select your device from the device menu in the top-left corner of the window. Click the play button in the top left corner of Xcode, or select <Breadcrumb>Product -> Run</Breadcrumb> from the menu bar. The app will be built and run on your device.

Note that you need to enable [developer mode](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xcode/enabling-developer-mode-on-a-device) on your device to run the app there. You will also need to associate a developer team with your Xcode project. You can do this by selecting the project file in the project navigator and selecting your team in the <Breadcrumb>Signing & Capabilities</Breadcrumb> tab. If you don't have a developer account, you can use your personal Apple ID as the team.

<QuickstartTshirtCTA/>

## Next Steps

<NextSteps>
  <Fragment slot="security">
    * Implement refresh tokens using [AppAuth](https://github.com/openid/AppAuth-ios).
  </Fragment>
</NextSteps>

## Troubleshooting

* I can't log in.

Make sure you have the right values in the `ChangeBank.plist` file. Double-check the `Issuer` in the **Tenant** to make sure it matches the public URL that FusionAuth is running at.

- It still doesn't work.

You can always pull down a complete running application and compare what's different.

```bash
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-swift-ios-native-appauth.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-swift-ios-native-appauth
docker compose up
```

Then open and run the Xcode project in the `complete-application` directory.

# QuickStarts

import ClickableCard from "/src/components/ClickableCard.astro";

Learn how you would use FusionAuth to add authentication and authorization to an application in the framework or language of your choice in 15 minutes or less. For a quick overview of FusionAuth and the problems it solves, see [Get Started](/docs/get-started/start-here/step-1).

You'll need the following to work through any quickstart:

- Git, for cloning the example repository
- Docker, to run FusionAuth and its dependencies
- An editor, to update files
- The language, platform or framework; for example, Xcode to run the iOS quickstart or Java for Spring

## Single-Page Applications

Web applications with in-browser logic.

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2 mt-10" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/spa/react" title="React" icon="/img/icons/react.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/spa/quickstart-javascript-angular-web" title="Angular" icon="/img/icons/angular-spa.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/spa/quickstart-javascript-vue-web" title="Vue" icon="/img/icons/vue.js.svg"/>
</div>

## Web

Web applications with server-side logic.

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2 mt-10" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-dotnet-web/" title=".NET" icon="/img/icons/dotnet-c.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-php-drupal-web/" title="Drupal" icon="/img/icons/drupal.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-golang-web/" title="Golang" icon="/img/icons/golang.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-php-laravel-web/" title="Laravel" icon="/img/icons/laravel.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-javascript-nextjs-web/" title="Next.js" icon="/img/icons/nextjs.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-javascript-express-web/" title="Node/Express" icon="/img/icons/javascript.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-nuxt-web/" title="Nuxt" icon="/img/icons/nuxt.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-php-web/" title="PHP" icon="/img/icons/php.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-python-django-web/" title="Django" icon="/img/icons/python.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-python-flask-web/" title="Flask" icon="/img/icons/python.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-javascript-remix-web/" title="Remix" icon="/img/icons/remix.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-ruby-rails-web/" title="Ruby on Rails" icon="/img/icons/ruby-on-rails.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-rust-actix-web/" title="Rust with Actix" icon="/img/icons/rust.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-java-springboot-web/" title="Spring Boot with Thymeleaf" icon="/img/icons/spring.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-wordpress-web/" title="WordPress" icon="/img/icons/wordpress.svg"/>
</div>

## App

Apps running directly on a device.

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2 mt-10" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/app/quickstart-java-android-native" title="Android (Java) with AppAuth" icon="/img/icons/android.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/app/quickstart-kotlin-android-native" title="Android (Kotlin) with FusionAuth SDK" icon="/img/icons/android.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/app/quickstart-flutter-native" title="Flutter" icon="/img/icons/flutter.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/app/quickstart-swift-ios-native-appauth" title="iOS (Swift) with AppAuth" icon="/img/icons/swift-iOS-mobile.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/app/quickstart-swift-ios-native" title="iOS (Swift) with FusionAuth SDK" icon="/img/icons/swift-iOS-mobile.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/app/quickstart-react-native" title="React Native" icon="/img/icons/react.svg"/>
</div>

## API

An API or service protected by FusionAuth.

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2 mt-10" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/api/quickstart-dotnet-api" title=".NET API" icon="/img/icons/dotnet-c.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/api/quickstart-golang-api" title="Golang API" icon="/img/icons/golang.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/api/quickstart-php-laravel-api" title="Laravel API" icon="/img/icons/laravel.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/api/quickstart-javascript-express-api" title="Node/Express API" icon="/img/icons/javascript.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/api/quickstart-ruby-on-rails-api" title="Ruby on Rails API" icon="/img/icons/ruby-on-rails.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/api/quickstart-java-springboot-api" title="Spring Boot API" icon="/img/icons/spring.svg"/>
</div>

# Single-page App

import ClickableCard from "/src/components/ClickableCard.astro";

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2 mt-10" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/spa/react" title="React" icon="/img/icons/react.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/spa/quickstart-javascript-angular-web" title="Angular" icon="/img/icons/angular-spa.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/spa/quickstart-javascript-vue-web" title="Vue" icon="/img/icons/vue.js.svg"/>
</div>

# Angular

import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import DockerSpinup from '/src/components/quickstarts/DockerSpinup.astro';
import HostedBackendWarning from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_hosted-backend-warning.md';
import Intro from '/src/components/quickstarts/Intro.astro';
import {Content as LoginArchitectureSdk} from '/src/components/quickstarts/LoginArchitectureSdk.mdx';
import NextSteps from '/src/components/quickstarts/NextSteps.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import QuickstartTshirtCTA from '/src/components/quickstarts/QuickstartTshirtCTA.astro'

<Intro technology="Angular"
       repositoryUrl="https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-angular-web"/>

## Prerequisites

* [Node v18](https://nodejs.org/en): This will be used to run the Angular application.
* [Docker](https://www.docker.com): The quickest way to stand up FusionAuth. (There are [other ways](/docs/get-started/download-and-install)).

This app has been tested with Node v18 and Angular v16.2.0. This example should work with other compatible versions of Node and Angular.

## General Architecture

<LoginArchitectureSdk />

## Getting Started

In this section, you'll get FusionAuth up and running and use Angular CLI to create a new application.

### Clone the Code
First off, grab the code from the repository and change into that directory.

```shell
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-angular-web.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-angular-web
```

### Run FusionAuth via Docker

<DockerSpinup kickstartUri={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} />

### Create a basic Angular application

Now you are going to create a basic Angular application using the Angular CLI. While this section builds a simple Angular application, you can use the same configuration to integrate your existing Angular application with FusionAuth.

```shell
npx @angular/cli new changebank && cd changebank
```

You'll be prompted to answer a few questions about your application. You can choose the defaults for all of them.

#### Create the Application

We are going to use the [Hosted Backend](/docs/apis/hosted-backend) feature of FusionAuth, so you don't need to worry about setting up a backend server.

<Aside type="caution">
While this example uses localhost for your application and FusionAuth, there are complications if you plan to deploy using FusionAuth Cloud.

  <HostedBackendWarning />
</Aside>

First, install the FusionAuth Angular SDK:

```shell
npm install @fusionauth/angular-sdk
```

Next, you'll need to configure the SDK with your FusionAuth URL and Client Id. You can do this by adding the following to your `src/app/app.module.ts` file inside the `imports: [ ]` section:

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-angular-web/main/complete-application/src/app/app.module.ts"
            lang="typescript"
            tags="fusionAuthModuleConfiguration"/>

Don't forget to import the `FusionAuthModule` at the top of the file.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-angular-web/main/complete-application/src/app/app.module.ts"
            lang="typescript"
            tags="importAngularSDK"/>


Our example application is going to have a home page, an account page and a page where someone can make change. The account and make change page will be protected and only visible to logged in users.

#### Create a Home Page

The next step is to get a basic home page up and running. We’ll take this opportunity to copy in all the images and CSS style files that you’ll need for the application.

Run the following copy commands to copy these files from the quickstart repo into your project. This assumes that you checked the quickstart repo out into the parent directory. If that’s not the case, replace the `..` below with your actual repo location.

```shell
cp -r ../complete-application/src/assets src && \
cp -r ../complete-application/src/styles.css src
```

The home page will be a simple page with a welcome message and a login link. You can create a new component for this page with the Angular CLI:

```shell
npx ng generate component home-page --standalone
```

Then, add the welcome message and login link to the `src/app/home-page/home-page.component.html` template by replacing the contents of that file with the below contents:

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-angular-web/main/complete-application/src/app/home-page/home-page.component.html"
            lang="html"/>

And the login function to the component `src/app/home-page/home-page.component.ts`. Update that file to look like this:

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-angular-web/main/complete-application/src/app/home-page/home-page.component.ts"
            lang="typescript"/>

#### Create an Account Page

The account page displays a random balance for the logged in user. You can create a new component for this page with the Angular CLI:

```shell
npx ng generate component account-page --standalone
```

Then, display the balance in the `src/app/account-page/account-page.component.html` template by replacing the default content with the below:

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-angular-web/main/complete-application/src/app/account-page/account-page.component.html"
            lang="html"/>

You'll need the balance property in the component `src/app/account-page/account-page.component.ts`. Update that file to look like this content:

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-angular-web/main/complete-application/src/app/account-page/account-page.component.ts"
            lang="typescript"/>

#### Create A Make Change Page

Next, you'll create a page only visible to logged in users. This page displays an input field for the user to enter a dollar amount and a button to convert that amount into coins. You can create a new component for this page with the Angular CLI:

```shell
npx ng generate component make-change-page --standalone
```

Then, add the input field and button to the `src/app/make-change-page/make-change-page.component.html` template, replacing the current contents:

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-angular-web/main/complete-application/src/app/make-change-page/make-change-page.component.html"
            lang="html"/>

You'll also need the make change function to the component `src/app/make-change-page/make-change-page.component.ts`. Here is the full contents of that file:

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-angular-web/main/complete-application/src/app/make-change-page/make-change-page.component.ts"
            lang="typescript"/>

## Authentication

You now have created a basic Angular application with a home page, account page and a page for making change. The next step is to add authentication to the application.

### Auth Guard

The first step is to create an Auth Guard. This will be used to protect the account page and only allow logged in users to access it.

Create a new file called `auth-guard.ts` in the `src/app` directory:

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-angular-web/main/complete-application/src/app/auth-guard.ts"
            lang="typescript"/>

The Auth Guard is a functional router guard, which can be used to handle anonymous and logged in states. The first parameter defines if
the guard should allow logged in users `true` or anonymous users `false`. The second parameter is the route to redirect to if the guard fails.

### Routing

Next, you'll need to add the Auth Guard to the routing configuration. Open the `src/app/app.module.ts` file and add the RouterModule with the following routes inside the `imports: [ ]` part:

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-angular-web/main/complete-application/src/app/app.module.ts"
            lang="typescript"
            tags="routerConfiguration"/>

Don't forget to import the `RouterModule` and `authGuard` at the top of the file.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-angular-web/main/complete-application/src/app/app.module.ts"
            lang="typescript"
            tags="importAuthGuard"/>


### Tie it all together

Now that you have the Auth Guard and the routing configured, you can tie it all together. Open the `src/app/app.component.html` file and replace its content with the following:

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-angular-web/main/complete-application/src/app/app.component.html"
            lang="html"/>

Finally, open the `src/app/app.component.ts` file and replace it with the following:

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-angular-web/main/complete-application/src/app/app.component.ts"
            lang="typescript"/>

## Running the Application

You can now run the application with the following command:

```shell
npm start
```

You can now open up an incognito window and navigate to http://localhost:4200. You will be greeted with the home page. Log in with the user account you created when setting up FusionAuth, and you'll be redirected to the account page.
<Aside type="note">
The username and password of the `Example user` can be found in the <a href="#run-fusionauth-via-docker">FusionAuth via Docker</a> section at the top of this article.
</Aside>

<QuickstartTshirtCTA/>

## Next Steps

<NextSteps />

# Vue.js

import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import DockerSpinup from '/src/components/quickstarts/DockerSpinup.astro';
import HostedBackendWarning from '/src/content/docs/_shared/_hosted-backend-warning.md';
import Intro from '/src/components/quickstarts/Intro.astro';
import {Content as LoginArchitectureSdk} from '/src/components/quickstarts/LoginArchitectureSdk.mdx';
import NextSteps from '/src/components/quickstarts/NextSteps.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import QuickstartTshirtCTA from '/src/components/quickstarts/QuickstartTshirtCTA.astro'

<Intro technology="Vue.js"
       repositoryUrl="https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-vue-web"/>

## Prerequisites
* [Node v18](https://nodejs.org/en): This will be used to run the Vue.js application.
* [Docker](https://www.docker.com): The quickest way to stand up FusionAuth. (There are [other ways](/docs/get-started/download-and-install)).

This app has been tested with Node v18 and Vue.js v3.3.4. This example should work with other compatible versions of Node and Vue.js.

## General Architecture

<LoginArchitectureSdk />

## Getting Started

In this section, you'll get FusionAuth up and running and use Vue.js CLI to create a new application.

### Clone The Code

First off, grab the code from the repository and change into that directory.

```shell
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-vue-web.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-vue-web
```

### Run FusionAuth Via Docker

<DockerSpinup kickstartUri={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} />

### Create A Basic Vue.js Application

Now you are going to create a basic Vue.js application using Create Vue. While this section builds a simple Vue.js application, you can use the same configuration to integrate your existing Vue.js application with FusionAuth.

```shell
npm create vue@latest -- changebank --typescript --router
```

We are going to use the [Hosted Backend](/docs/apis/hosted-backend) feature of FusionAuth, so you don't need to worry about setting up a backend server.

<Aside type="caution">
While this example uses localhost for your application and FusionAuth, there are complications if you plan to deploy using FusionAuth Cloud.

  <HostedBackendWarning />
</Aside>

First, install the FusionAuth Vue SDK:

```shell
npm install @fusionauth/vue-sdk
```

Next, you'll need to configure and activate the FusionAuth Vue SDK. You can do this by updating the `src/main.ts` file contents. Replace what is there with this:

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-vue-web/main/complete-application/src/main.ts"
            lang="typescript"/>

Our example application is going to have a home page, an account page and a page where someone can make change. The account and make change page will be protected and only visible to logged in users.

#### Create A Home Page

The next step is to get a basic home page up and running. We’ll take this opportunity to copy in all the images and CSS style files that you’ll need for the application.

Run the following copy command to copy these files from the quickstart repo into your project. This assumes that you checked the quickstart repo out into the parent directory. If that’s not the case, replace the `..` below with your actual repo location.

```shell
cp -r ../complete-application/src/assets src
```

The home page will be a simple page with a welcome message and a login link. Replace the content of the file `src/views/HomeView.vue`:

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-vue-web/main/complete-application/src/views/HomeView.vue"
            lang="vue"/>

#### Create An Account Page

The account page displays a random balance for the logged in user. Create a new file `src/views/AccountView.vue`:

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-vue-web/main/complete-application/src/views/AccountView.vue"
            lang="vue"/>

#### Create A Make Change Page

Next, you'll create a page only visible to logged in users. This page displays an input field for the user to enter a dollar amount and a button to convert that amount into coins. Create a new file `src/views/MakeChangeView.vue`:

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-vue-web/main/complete-application/src/views/MakeChangeView.vue"
            lang="vue"/>

## Authentication

You now have created a basic Vue.js application with a home page, account page and a page for making change.

Depending on the user's authentication state, the login or logout button should be displayed in the header. For this create a new file `src/components/LogoHeader.vue`:

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-vue-web/main/complete-application/src/components/LogoHeader.vue"
            lang="vue"/>

Additionally, we want to display different menu items. For this create a new file `src/components/MenuBar.vue`:

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-vue-web/main/complete-application/src/components/MenuBar.vue"
            lang="jsx"/>

The next step is to tie it all together. Update the `src/App.vue` file to add the router view and header. You can replace the contents of the file with the below:

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-vue-web/main/complete-application/src/App.vue"
            lang="vue"/>

And finally we register the routes in `src/router/index.ts`. Update that file with the code below.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-vue-web/main/complete-application/src/router/index.ts"
            lang="typescript"/>

## Running The Application

You can now run the application with the following command:

```shell
npm run dev
```

You can now open up an incognito window and navigate to http://localhost:5173. You will be greeted with the home page. Log in with the user account you created when setting up FusionAuth, and you'll be redirected to the account page.

<Aside type="note">
    The username and password of the `example user` can be found in the <a href="#run-fusionauth-via-docker">FusionAuth via Docker</a> section at the top of this article.
</Aside>

<QuickstartTshirtCTA/>

## Next Steps

<NextSteps />

# React

import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import Breadcrumb from '/src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

This quickstart adds login and a protected page to a React web app using a preconfigured, local version of FusionAuth in the following steps:

1. Create a new React app.
1. Customize the app with home and account pages.
1. Add login to protect the account page.
1. Add a button to the account page to fetch the user's information.

## Prerequisites

This Quickstart requires:

* [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/download) 22 or later
* [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/get-started/get-docker/) 23 or later
* On macOS and Windows, one of the following container management tools:
  * [OrbStack](https://docs.orbstack.dev/quick-start) (to use Orbstack for `docker compose` commands after install, run `docker context use orbstack`)
  * [Podman](https://podman.io/docs/installation) (in the commands below, replace `docker` with `podman`)
  * [Docker desktop](https://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop/)

Be sure to open your container management tool to configure and install any dependencies needed by that tool, including Rosetta and Developer Tools on macOS.

## Install and Run FusionAuth

To begin, clone the [GitHub repository for this Quickstart](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-react) to your local machine:

```bash
git clone git@github.com:FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-react.git
```

The repository contains:

* `fusionauth-backend`, a preconfigured version of FusionAuth
* `react-frontend-steps`, a runnable version of each development step of the React application

Navigate to `fusionauth-quickstart-react/fusionauth-backend`:

```bash
cd fusionauth-quickstart-react/fusionauth-backend
```

Open OrbStack or Docker Compose to start the docker daemon.

To start a local instance of FusionAuth, run the following command:

```bash
docker compose up -d
```

If you see an error that reads "Is the docker daemon running?", make sure your container management tool is accepting commands. Depending on your tool:
* to use Docker Compose, the Docker Compose must be open
* to use Orbstack, enable OrbStack to run as the docker daemon with `docker context use orbstack`
* to use Podman, replace `docker` in the above command with `podman`

<Aside type="note">
During the Docker compose process, the included `kickstart/kickstart.json` file uses the FusionAuth API to:

* Generate an API key
* Configure CORS (<Breadcrumb>Settings -> System -> CORS</Breadcrumb>)
* Create your app ("Quick Start App") with appropriate settings and redirect URIs (<Breadcrumb>Applications -> Edit Application</Breadcrumb>)
* Create an admin user (admin@example.com) and register the user with your app (<Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb>)
* Create a user (richard@example.com) and register the user with your app
* Create a custom theme ("Quick Start Theme") using `fusionauth-quickstart-react/kickstart/css/styles.css` and apply it to your default tenant (<Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Themes</Breadcrumb>)
</Aside>

Once Docker compose completes, open a browser window and navigate to the admin UI of your FusionAuth instance at [http://localhost:9011/admin](http://localhost:9011/admin). Use the following admin account credentials to log in:

* Username: `admin@example.com`
* Password: `password`

After authenticating, you should see the FusionAuth admin UI, which shows information about active users, logins, registrations, and more:

![The FusionAuth admin UI.](/img/quickstarts/react/fusionauth-admin.png)

## Create the React app

First, create a new TypeScript React app with Vite:

1. To generate a new React app in a folder called `app-quickstart-react`, open a terminal and run the following commands:

   If your terminal is still in the `fusionauth-backend` directory, run `cd ..` to navigate back up to `fusionauth-quickstart-react`.

   ```bash
   npm create vite@latest app-quickstart-react -- --template react-ts
   ```

   Select "Yes" to install necessary Vite packages if prompted. Then select "No" for the following options:

   * Use rolldown-vite (Experimental)? **No**  
   * Install with npm and start now? **No**

1. Navigate into the app folder and install the project dependencies with the following commands:

   ```bash
   cd app-quickstart-react
   ```

   ```bash
   npm install
   ```

   ```bash
   npm install react-router-dom
   ```

1. Delete the file `app-quickstart-react/src/App.tsx` as you'll add routing to display the app pages:

   ```bash
   rm -rf src/App.tsx
   ```

## Customize the React app

### Update the main app component

Replace the contents of `src/main.tsx` with the following code:

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-react/main/react-frontend-steps/1-customized/src/main.tsx" lang="tsx"/>

This is the main app component for your React app. The last code block inserts the app into the root DOM element.

### Create the homepage

Create the file `src/home.tsx` for the public homepage and add the following code:

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-react/main/react-frontend-steps/1-customized/src/home.tsx" lang="tsx"/>

The click handler function for the login button redirects the user to the account page. You'll replace this function when you add authentication.

### Create the account page

Create the file `src/account.tsx` for the account page and add the following code:

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-react/main/react-frontend-steps/1-customized/src/account.tsx" lang="tsx"/>

The click handler function for the logout button redirects to the home page. You'll replace this function when you add authentication.

### Update the stylesheet

Replace the contents of the `src/App.css` stylesheet with the following CSS:

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-react/main/react-frontend-steps/1-customized/src/App.css" lang="css"/>

### Update index.html

_In the root directory_ (not `src`), replace the contents of `index.html` with the following code:

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-react/main/react-frontend-steps/1-customized/index.html" lang="html"/>

This page loads the CSS in the head component. The body loads `main.tsx`, the main React container.

### Run the React app

Run your app on port `3000`:

1. In `package.json`, update the `dev` script to use port `3000`. Replace:

   ```json
   "scripts": {
       "dev": "vite",
   ```

   with:

   ```json
   "scripts": {
       "dev": "vite --port 3000",
   ```

1. From the React app directory, run the following command to start the web server:

   ```bash
   npm run dev
   ```

1. To view your app, open a web browser and navigate to [http://localhost:3000](http://localhost:3000).

## Add FusionAuth for authentication

In this section, you protect the account page with a login.

### Configure and enable FusionAuth

1. From the React app directory (`app-quickstart-react`), run the following command to install the FusionAuth React SDK:

   ```bash
   npm install @fusionauth/react-sdk@~2.5.1
   ```

1. Open `src/main.tsx` and replace the file contents with the following code to:

   * import functions and types from the FusionAuth React SDK
   * configure and add the FusionAuth provider

   <RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-react/main/react-frontend-steps/2-fusionauth-added/src/main.tsx" lang="tsx"/>

<Aside type="note">
This FusionAuth configuration specifies the following values:

* `redirectUri`: URI to open after a successful login.  
* `postLogoutRedirectUri`: URI to open after logout.  
* `shouldAutoRefresh`: Set to automatically renew the access token.  
* `shouldAutoFetchUserInfo`: Return data for the user as part of a successful login.  
* `scope`: OAuth 2.0 permissions for the access token.  
* `clientId`: ID of the application in the FusionAuth instance.  
* `serverUrl`: Base URL for the FusionAuth authorization server.  
* `onRedirect`: Callback that executes when a redirect occurs.
</Aside>

### Add login and logout to homepage

Open `src/home.tsx` and replace the file contents with the following code to:

* import functions and types from the FusionAuth React SDK
* update `Home()` to route an authenticated user to the account page after they authenticate
* update the login button handler to save `justLoggedIn` until the login redirect is complete, then call `startLogin()`
* add logic to the title bar to show a authenticated user’s email and a logout button, otherwise a login button

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-react/main/react-frontend-steps/2-fusionauth-added/src/home.tsx" lang="tsx"/>

### Add logout to account page

Open `src/account.tsx` and replace the file contents with the following code to:

* import functions and types from the FusionAuth React SDK
* update `Account()` to show the account page only to a logged-in user
* update the account page to display the user's email in the title bar
* update the logout button click handler to start the logout process using the FusionAuth React SDK `startLogout()` method

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-react/main/react-frontend-steps/2-fusionauth-added/src/account.tsx" lang="tsx"/>

### Test authentication

1. Start the web server:

   ```bash
   npm run dev
   ```

1. Open a _private browser window_ so you don't retain your login status from previous sections.

1. Navigate to the React app at [http://localhost:3000](http://localhost:3000).

   ![The landing page of the React app.](/img/quickstarts/react/landing-page.png)

1. Click the login button. Your browser should redirect to FusionAuth at `http://localhost:9011`.
   
   ![The fusionauth login screen.](/img/quickstarts/react/login-fusionauth.png)

1. Authenticate with the credentials for the user created in the `fusionauth-quickstart-react/kickstart/kickstart.json` file:

   * Username: `richard@example.com`  
   * Password: `password`

FusionAuth validates the credentials, then redirects back to the `redirectUri` set in `src/main.tsx`. The home page checks whether the user is logged in. If they are, the app navigates to the account page.

Right now, you should see a user home page containing nothing but the stub text "User info will display here":

![The home page, not yet populated with user data.](/img/quickstarts/react/home-sans-data.png)

Let's use the FusionAuth React SDK to fetch and display that user data instead of stub text.

## Fetch user data

In this section you use the [FusionAuth API](/docs/apis/hosted-backend#me) to refresh and display detailed user data.

### Call the FusionAuth API

1. Open `src/account.tsx` and replace the file contents with the following code to:

   * add `useState` to the React import
   * update the `Account()` function to get user data from FusionAuth and save it in `newUserInfo`
   * update `centerContainer` to display current user data from `newUserInfo`
   * update the button to fetch user data from `getUserInfo()`

   <RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-react/main/react-frontend-steps/3-fetch-user-data/src/account.tsx" lang="tsx"/>

<Aside type="note">
`getUserInfo()` sets `newUserInfo` to the result of an asynchronous call to the [`/me` endpoint](/docs/apis/hosted-backend#me). The API call uses `credentials: include` to authorize the API call with a cookie set by FusionAuth during login.
</Aside>

### Test user data functionality

1. Browse to the account page at [http://localhost:3000](http://localhost:3000).

   ![The home page, now ready to show user data.](/img/quickstarts/react/home-with-data-not-shown.png)

1. Click the "Show your info" button to fetch and display the latest user data.

   ![The home page, now ready to show user data.](/img/quickstarts/react/home-with-data-shown.png)

## Next steps

This is a quick introduction to using FusionAuth for user authentication. To learn more about integrating FusionAuth with your product, see [Get Started](http:///docs/get-started).

FusionAuth has many features (including [Social Login](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/#social-identity-providers), [Single Sign-On](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/single-sign-on), [Passwordless](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/webauthn-passkeys), [Multi-factor Authentication](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/multi-factor-authentication)), most of which are free. Some require additional licensing. For details, see the [pricing page](/pricing).

For information on the React SDK, see [the GitHub documentation](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-javascript-sdk/tree/main/packages/sdk-react/docs).

You can ask general questions in [the FusionAuth forum](/community/forum).

# Web

import ClickableCard from "/src/components/ClickableCard.astro";

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2 mt-10" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-dotnet-web/" title=".NET" icon="/img/icons/dotnet-c.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-php-drupal-web/" title="Drupal" icon="/img/icons/drupal.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-golang-web/" title="Golang" icon="/img/icons/golang.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-php-laravel-web/" title="Laravel" icon="/img/icons/laravel.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-javascript-nextjs-web/" title="Next.js" icon="/img/icons/nextjs.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-javascript-express-web/" title="Node/Express" icon="/img/icons/javascript.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-nuxt-web/" title="Nuxt" icon="/img/icons/nuxt.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-php-web/" title="PHP" icon="/img/icons/php.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-python-django-web/" title="Django" icon="/img/icons/python.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-python-flask-web/" title="Flask" icon="/img/icons/python.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-javascript-remix-web/" title="Remix" icon="/img/icons/remix.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-ruby-rails-web/" title="Ruby on Rails" icon="/img/icons/ruby-on-rails.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-rust-actix-web/" title="Rust with Actix" icon="/img/icons/rust.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-java-springboot-web/" title="Spring Boot with Thymeleaf" icon="/img/icons/spring.svg"/>
  <ClickableCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-wordpress-web/" title="WordPress" icon="/img/icons/wordpress.svg"/>
</div>

# .NET

import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from '/src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import DockerSpinup from '/src/components/quickstarts/DockerSpinup.astro';
import InlineField from '/src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from '/src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import Intro from '/src/components/quickstarts/Intro.astro';
import {Content as LoginArchitectureWeb} from '/src/components/quickstarts/LoginArchitectureWeb.mdx';
import NextSteps from '/src/components/quickstarts/NextSteps.astro';
import QuickstartTshirtCTA from '/src/components/quickstarts/QuickstartTshirtCTA.astro'
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';

<Intro technology=".NET"
       repositoryUrl="https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-dotnet-web"/>

## Prerequisites

- [.NET](https://dotnet.microsoft.com/en-us/download): This is the framework needed to run .NET applications. This app has been tested with .NET 7.0.7. This example should work with future compatible versions of .NET.
- [Docker](https://www.docker.com): The quickest way to stand up FusionAuth. (There are [other ways](/docs/get-started/download-and-install)).
- [Visual Studio Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/download): The editor for making changes to code. (You can use other editors as well.)

## General Architecture

<LoginArchitectureWeb />

## Getting Started

In this section, you'll get FusionAuth up and running and use .NET to create a new application.

### Clone the Code

First off, grab the code from the repository and change into that directory.

```
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-dotnet-web.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-dotnet-web
```

### Run FusionAuth via Docker

<DockerSpinup kickstartUri={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} />

### Create your .NET 7 Application

Now you are going to create a .NET application using C#. While this section builds a simple .NET web application, you can use the same configuration to integrate your existing .NET application with FusionAuth.

You'll use [Razor Pages](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/razor-pages/?view=aspnetcore-7.0&tabs=visual-studio) and .NET 7. This application will display common information to all users. There will also be a secured area, only available to an authenticated user. The [full source code](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-dotnet-web) is available if you want to download it and take a look.

<Aside type="note">
If you simply want to run the application , there is a completed version in the 'complete-application' directory. You can use the following commands to get it up and running if you do not want to create your own.

```shell
cd complete-application
dotnet run
```

Then view the website at the following location `http://localhost:5000`.
</Aside>

To get started building your own application, open your command-line shell (i.e. Terminal on a Mac or PowerShell on Windows) and navigate to the directory of your choice. Then create a new web application using the `dotnet` CLI and go to that directory:

```shell
dotnet new webapp -o your-application
cd your-application
```

<Aside type="note">
Creating a new application in Visual Studio will work as well. You will use the command line here for the simplicity of the example.
</Aside>

Once the application has been created, you can start up the web application using the following command in.

```shell
dotnet run
```

The output should look similar to the following.

```shell
Building...
info: Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime[14]
      Now listening on: http://localhost:5146
info: Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime[0]
      Application started. Press Ctrl+C to shut down.
info: Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime[0]
      Hosting environment: Development
info: Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime[0]
      Content root path: /Users/Shared/your-application
```

The application will be accessible in your browser at `http://localhost:{PortNumber}` where the port number will be displayed in your shell window, i.e `http://localhost:5146`.

Press Control+C in the terminal window to stop the application from running.

## Authentication

It's always smart to leverage existing libraries as they are likely to be more secure and better handle edge cases. You're going to add an `OpenIdConnect` library to the application. In your terminal window, make sure you're in the root directory for your application and run the command below to add the library.

```shell
dotnet add package Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.OpenIdConnect
```

This application will contain two pages that require authorization. The `Account` page will display the user's balance and the `MakeChange` page will make change for the user. To protect these pages you can use the [Authorize filter attribute](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/razor-pages/filter?view=aspnetcore-3.1#authorize-filter-attribute) in the [page model](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/razor-pages/?view=aspnetcore-7.0&tabs=visual-studio).

Create `Account.cshtml` and `Account.cshtml.cs` in the `Pages` directory. To protect the "Account" page you can use the [Authorize filter attribute](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/razor-pages/filter?view=aspnetcore-7.0#authorize-filter-attribute) in the [page model](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/razor-pages/?view=aspnetcore-7.0&tabs=visual-studio).

Copy the following code into `Account.cshtml.cs`:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/Pages/Account.cshtml.cs"}
  lang="c#" />

Copy the following code into `Account.cshtml`:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/Pages/Account.cshtml"}
  lang="razor" />

Create `MakeChange.cshtml` and `MakeChange.cshtml.cs` in the `Pages` directory. You will use the same [Authorize filter attribute](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/razor-pages/filter?view=aspnetcore-3.1#authorize-filter-attribute) to secure the page.

Copy the following code into `MakeChange.cshtml.cs`:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/Pages/MakeChange.cshtml.cs"}
  lang="c#" />

Copy the following code into `MakeChange.cshtml`:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/Pages/MakeChange.cshtml"}
  lang="razor" />

You will need a way to allow the user to logout of the application as well. You'll build the logout functionality in the `Logout` page. This will:

- Remove the session cookie.
- Redirect to the FusionAuth OAuth logout endpoint.

FusionAuth will then destroy its session and redirect the user back to the app's configured logout URL.

Add the following file to the `Pages` directory and call it `Logout.cshtml.cs`:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/Pages/Logout.cshtml.cs"}
  lang="c#" />

`OnGet` is the important method. Here you sign out using a method of the authentication library, delete the JWT cookie, and send the user to the FusionAuth OAuth logout endpoint.

Now add `Logout.cshtml` to the `Pages` directory. No content is necessary. Just declare the page and model as shown below.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/Pages/Logout.cshtml"}
  lang="razor" />

### Application Configuration
You will need to do a little plumbing to ensure things like having the correct settings and configuring the cookies properly to work over HTTP for the sample application.

#### App Settings
Replace the text in the `appsettings.json` file with the text below. The important part here is that we are adding the `FusionAuthSettings` section so that the code above will run with the correct configuration settings. `Authority` is just the location of the user identity server, in this case, FusionAuth. `Urls` ensures the application runs on the specified port, 5000.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/appsettings.json"}
  lang="json" />

#### Program Settings
Replace the text in the `Program.cs` file. Since you are using unsecured cookies, you need to allow this in the configuration. Safari and Chrome require different settings and that is reflected in the code below.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/Program.cs"}
  lang="c#" />

#### Startup Settings
Add the `Startup.cs` file in the root directory of the application. This sets the correct port and manages unsecured cookies for the browsers. The `CheckSameSite` and `DisallowsSameSiteNone` functions help manage the cookie settings for the different browsers.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/Startup.cs"}
  lang="c#" />

<Aside type="caution">
There are a few settings applied to simplify the sample application. In a production application, do not allow cookies over `http` or keep the `ClientSecret` in a .json file for production applications. Get the `ClientSecret` from an environmental variable that has been set on a production machine or some other secure way.
</Aside>

#### Navigation
This application will display different menu items for authenticated users and non authenticated users. To add this type of navigation update `/Pages/Shared/_Layout.cshtml` with the following:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/Pages/Shared/_Layout.cshtml"}
  lang="razor" />

#### Homepage
Update the default page.

Copy the following code into `Pages/Index.cshtml.cs`:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/Pages/Index.cshtml.cs"}
  lang="c#" />

Copy the following code into `Index.cshtml` and notice the logic to show a different view to users that have not logged in.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/Pages/Index.cshtml"}
  lang="razor" />

#### Styling
To give the pages the look and feel of an application, apply the following styling and images.

Add the `changebank.css` file in the `wwwroot/css` directory of the application.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/wwwroot/css/changebank.css"}
  lang="css" />

Copy the money image for the `Index` page. Run the following command in a terminal window. Make sure you are in the root directory for your application.

```shell
curl --create-dirs --output wwwroot/img/money.jpg https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-ruby-on-rails-web/main/complete-app/app/assets/images/money.jpg
```

#### A Little Clean Up
Next we need to do a little clean up and make sure all the namespaces work together in the application.

Replace the text in the `Pages/_ViewImports.cshtml` file with the following code.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/Pages/_ViewImports.cshtml"}
  lang="c#" />

Replace the text in the `Pages/Error.cshtml.cs` file with the following code.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/Pages/Error.cshtml.cs"}
  lang="c#" />

Replace the text in the `Pages/Privacy.cshtml.cs` file with the following code.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/Pages/Privacy.cshtml.cs"}
  lang="c#" />

## Run The Application

You can start up the .NET application using this command in a terminal window from the root directory of your application:

```shell
dotnet run
```

You can now open up an incognito window and visit the app at http://localhost:5000. Log in with the user account you created when setting up FusionAuth, and you’ll see the email of the user next to a logout button.

<QuickstartTshirtCTA/>

## Next Steps

<NextSteps>
  <Fragment slot="security">
    <li>[Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.OpenIDConnect](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.OpenIdConnect) ASP.NET Core middleware that enables an application to support the OpenID Connect authentication workflow.</li>
  </Fragment>
</NextSteps>

## Troubleshooting

If you run into an issue with cookies on Safari or other browsers, you might need to run the .NET application under SSL.

You can follow [this guide](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/additional-tools/self-signed-certificates-guide) to install development SSL certificates for your .NET environment.

Alternatively, you can run the project using [Visual Studio](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com), which will run the project using SSL.

If you do this, make sure to update the `Authorized Redirect URL` to reflect the `https` protocol. Also note that the project will probably run on a different port when using SSL, so you must update that as well. To do so, log into the administrative user interface, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb>, then click the <InlineUIElement>Edit</InlineUIElement> button on your application and navigate to the `OAuth` tab. You can have more than one URL.

If you change the name of the application from 'your-application' to some other name, you will need to make sure the correct namespace is used in all of your code.

There are [multiple ways of deploying an application](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/deploying/), but publishing ensures your deployment process is repeatable. You can use the [RID catalog](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/rid-catalog) to build different versions of this application for different platforms.

If you have trouble running the application, please verify all the files are updated as instructed. The directory for the `your-application` tree should look like this:

```plaintext
└── your-application
    ├── appsettings.Development.json
    ├── appsettings.json
    ├── bin/
        ├── ...
    ├── obj/
        ├── ...
    ├── Pages/
    │   ├── _ViewImports.cshtml
    │   ├── _ViewStart.cshtml
    |   |── Account.cshtml
    |   |── Accuont.cshtml.cs
    │   ├── Error.cshtml
    │   ├── Error.cshtml.cs
    │   ├── Index.cshtml
    │   ├── Index.cshtml.cs
    │   ├── Logout.cshtml
    │   ├── Logout.cshtml.cs
    |   |── MakeChange.cshtml
    |   |── MakeChange.cshtml.cs
    │   ├── Privacy.cshtml
    │   ├── Privacy.cshtml.cs
    │   └── Shared/
    │       ├── _Layout.cshtml
    │       ├── _Layout.cshtml.css
    │       └── _ValidateScriptsPartial.cshtml
    ├── Program.cs
    ├── Properties/
        ├── ...
    ├── Startup.cs
    └── wwwroot/
        ├── ...
```

The full code is available [here](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-dotnet-web).

# Golang

import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from '/src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import DockerSpinup from '/src/components/quickstarts/DockerSpinup.astro';
import InlineField from '/src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from '/src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import Intro from '/src/components/quickstarts/Intro.astro';
import {Content as LoginArchitectureWeb} from '/src/components/quickstarts/LoginArchitectureWeb.mdx';
import NextSteps from '/src/components/quickstarts/NextSteps.astro';
import QuickstartTshirtCTA from '/src/components/quickstarts/QuickstartTshirtCTA.astro'
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';

<Intro technology="Go"
       repositoryUrl="https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-golang-web"/>

## Prerequisites
* [Go v1.16](https://go.dev/doc/install)
* [Docker](https://www.docker.com): The quickest way to stand up FusionAuth. (There are [other ways](/docs/get-started/download-and-install)).

## General Architecture

<LoginArchitectureWeb />

## Getting Started
In this section, you'll get FusionAuth up and running, and configured with the ChangeBank application.

### Clone the Code
First off, grab the code from the repository and change into that directory.

```
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-golang-web.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-golang-web
```

### Run FusionAuth via Docker

<DockerSpinup kickstartUri={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} />

### Create a Basic Golang Application
In this section, you'll set up a basic Golang application with a single page.

#### Setup Your Environment
Create a new directory to hold your application, and go into it.

```shell
mkdir changebank
cd changebank
```

Create a go.mod file listing these dependencies:

`go.mod`
<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/go.mod"}
  lang="go" />

#### Create the Application
Now create a base Go app, which will consist of a single file named main.go. You can either copy the code shown
here, or you can copy the file `/complete-application/base-app.go` from the quickstart repo and name it `main.go`.

This app sets up a handful of routes that just serve a home page for now. Over the course of this quickstart 
you'll be modifying each of these route handler functions to complete the integration with FusionAuth.

`main.go`
<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/base-app.go"}
 lang="go"
 tags="baseApplication"/>

And then load your dependencies and generate go.sum

```shell
go mod download all
```

#### Run the App!
You should now be able to start your Go application with 

```shell
go run main.go
``` 

Note that you won't be able to 
access it with a browser, since you haven't created any pages yet.

#### Create a Home Page
The next step is to get a basic home page up and running. We'll take this opportunity to copy in all 
of the static assets that you'll need for the application, including web page templates, images, and CSS.

Run the following copy commands to copy these files from the quickstart repo into your project. This assumes
that you checked the quickstart repo out into the parent directory. If that's not the case, replace the
`..` below with your actual repo location.

```shell
cp -r ../fusionauth-quickstart-go-web/complete-application/templates . && \
cp -r ../fusionauth-quickstart-go-web/complete-application/static .
```

<Aside type="tip">
With the home page template in place, you can view the home page in your browser at http://localhost:8080!
</Aside>

## Authentication
In this section, you'll add the ability for a user to log in to your application using FusionAuth as the identity provider.
To accomplish this, you'll do the following.
* Configure an OIDC client
* Modify the `/login` route to redirect the user to FusionAuth to log in
* Add code to the `/callback` route to accept the redirect from FusionAuth and to exchange an authorization code for an access token
* Add protection to the `/account` route to only allow access by logged-in users
* Modify the `/` route to detect if a user is logged in, and take them to `/account` when they are
* Add a `/logout` endpoint

### Configure the OIDC Client
The CoreOS OpenID Connect client needs to be set up so that it knows how to talk to FusionAuth.

First, create some constants that you can use throughout your program. Put these after your `import` block and before `func main()`.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/main.go"}
 lang="go"
 tags="oidcConstants"/>

<Aside type="note">
If you want to see where the FusionAuth values came from, they can be found in the 
FusionAuth app (http://localhost:9011/admin). The tenant ID is found on the Tenants
page. To see the client ID and client secret, go to the Applications page and 
click the <InlineUIElement>View</InlineUIElement> icon under the actions for the Changebank application. You'll
find the client id and client secret values in the `OAuth configuration` section.
</Aside>

Next, create variables for the OAuth config and the OIDC provider, and initialize
them in an `init()` function. Put this code after the `const` block you just added.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/main.go"}
 lang="go"
 tags="oidcClient"/>

You'll also need to add some additional imports. Modify your `import` block to look like this.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/main.go"}
 lang="go"
 tags="imports"/>

### Modify the `/login` Route
When the user clicks the <InlineUIElement>Login</InlineUIElement> button in your Changebank app, they'll be
taken to your `/login` endpoint. Have this redirect them to FusionAuth so that
FusionAuth can present them with a login page. Change the `handleLoginRequest`
function to do that.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/main.go"}
 lang="go"
 tags="loginRoute"/>

The <InlineUIElement>Login</InlineUIElement> button on your home page will now take you to FusionAuth to log in.
You can log in, but nothing will happen after you do until you add the callback 
handler in the next section.

### Handle the OAuth Callback
After the user successfully authenticates with FusionAuth, FusionAuth will redirect
the user back to your application along with an authorization code. Your application
needs to exchange this code for an access token using FusionAuth's token endpoint.
This is the defining action of the OAuth code grant flow. An access token can
only be acquired for a user by an application that has a valid authorization code, 
as well as a valid client ID and client secret.

Modify the `handleFusionAuthCallback` function to do this.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/main.go"}
 lang="go"
 tags="callbackRoute"/>

This function writes three tokens out to HTTP-only cookies. This means they aren't 
available to code running in the browser, but they'll be sent back to your go
application when requests are made to the back end.

### Create a Protected Web Page
The `/account` page represents what a user sees when they're logged into their
Changebank account. A user that isn't logged in, who tries to access this page, 
should just be taken to the home page.

Edit the `handleAccount()` function to do this. There is also a `getLogoutUrl()` 
function that you'll need to add. 

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/main.go"}
 lang="go"
 tags="accountRoute"/>

<Aside type="tip">
At this point, you should be able to successfully log into your application!
</Aside>

### Change the Home Route
Next you'll modify the `handleMain()` function to automatically take a logged-in
user to their account page.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/main.go"}
 lang="go"
 tags="accountRoute"/>

### Implement Logout
The last step is to implement logout. When you log a user out of an application, you'll take them to 
FusionAuth's `/oauth2/logout` endpoint. After logging the user out, FusionAuth will redirect the user
to your app's `/logout` endpoint, which you'll create now. This endpoint deletes any cookies that your
application created, clearing the user's session.

Update the `handleLogout()` function to do this.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/main.go"}
 lang="go"
 tags="logoutRoute"/>

<Aside type="tip">
Click the <InlineUIElement>Logout</InlineUIElement> button and watch the browser first go to FusionAuth to log out the user, then return to your home page.
</Aside>

<QuickstartTshirtCTA/>

## Next Steps

<NextSteps />

# Spring Boot With Thymeleaf

import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from '/src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import DockerSpinup from '/src/components/quickstarts/DockerSpinup.astro';
import InlineField from '/src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from '/src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import Intro from '/src/components/quickstarts/Intro.astro';
import {Content as LoginArchitectureWeb} from '/src/components/quickstarts/LoginArchitectureWeb.mdx';
import NextSteps from '/src/components/quickstarts/NextSteps.astro';
import QuickstartTshirtCTA from '/src/components/quickstarts/QuickstartTshirtCTA.astro'
import SpringBootPreReqs from '/src/components/quickstarts/springboot-prereqs.mdx';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';

<Intro technology="Spring Boot"
       repositoryUrl="https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-springboot-web">It uses Spring Boot web and Thymeleaf, and sets up an OAuth authorization code grant flow, allowing users to log in to the application.</Intro>

## Prerequisites

<SpringBootPreReqs/>

<Aside type="note">This example was made with Maven, Spring Boot version 2.7, and Java 17. If you use different options, the configuration and code may be different.</Aside>

## General Architecture

<LoginArchitectureWeb />


## Getting Started

Start with getting FusionAuth up and running and creating a Spring Boot application with Thymeleaf.

### Clone The Code

First, grab the code from the repository and change into that directory.

```shell
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-springboot-web.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-java-springboot-web
```

### Run FusionAuth Via Docker

<DockerSpinup kickstartUri={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} />

<Aside type="caution">
  The `.env` and `kickstart.json` files contain passwords. In a real application, always add these files to your `.gitignore` file and never commit secrets to version control.
</Aside>

### Create A Basic Spring Boot Application

Next, you'll set up a basic Spring Boot project with a single app. While this guide builds a new Spring Boot project, you can use the same method to integrate your existing project with FusionAuth.

<Aside type="note">
If you simply want to run the application, there is a completed version in the `complete-application` directory. You can use the following commands to get it up and running if you do not want to create your own.

```shell
cd complete-application
./mvnw package
./mvnw spring-boot:run
```

Then view the application at the following URL http://localhost:8080.
</Aside>

#### Get The Template

Go to the Spring Initializr site at https://start.spring.io/ and download your own starter package. Choose the following options.

* Project - `Mavern`
* Language - `Java`
* Spring Boot Version - `2.7.16`
* Project Metadata
    * Group - `io.fusionauth.quickstart`
    * Artifact - `springweb`
    * Package Name - `io.fusionauth.quickstart.springweb`
    * Packaging - `Jar`
    * Java Version - `17`

This project has the following three dependencies which you will need to add by clicking the <InlineUIElement>Add Dependencies</InlineUIElement> button and searching for each dependency, when creating the package on the Initializr site.

- OAuth2 Client
- Thymeleaf
- Spring Web

If you choose different options, the configuration and code may be different. After entering the configuration settings above and adding the dependencies you can click the <InlineUIElement>Generate</InlineUIElement> button to download your starter package.

You can unzip the package in any directory of your choice. This guide assumes you are in `your-application` directory.

<Aside type="note">All the commands that follow presume you are running the command from the `your-application` root project directory</Aside>

```shell
mv ~/Downloads/springweb.zip .
unzip springweb.zip
mv springweb/* .
mv springweb/.* .
rm springweb.zip
rmdir springweb
```

The commands above will unzip your downloaded starter package and copy the package files into your current working directory. Remember to replace `~/Downloads/` in the command above with the actual path to your downloads folder.

#### Install Dependencies And Build The Application

From the `your-application` directory, run the following to execute the Maven build tool to download dependencies and build your application.

```shell
./mvnw package
```

<Aside type="note">If you are on Windows substitute `./mvnw` with `.\mvnw.cmd`.</Aside>

## Authentication

In this section, you’ll build the integration with FusionAuth, which will allow users to log in to your application.

### Project Settings

Open the `src/main/resources/application.properties` file and add the following configuration settings.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-springboot-web/main/complete-application/src/main/resources/application.properties"/>

The properties with the `spring.thymeleaf` prefix enable Thymeleaf for server-side template rendering and define the location and suffix of the template files.

The `spring.application.name` property defines the app name, which will show in your application view.

The properties with the `spring.security.oauth2.client.registration` prefix configure the settings for the OAuth2 Client. The `client-id`, `client-secret`, `redirect-uri`, and `authorization-grant-type` values all need to match what is configured in FusionAuth. Because you used the Kickstart method, these settings should be correct, but if they are not, you can log in to [FusionAuth admin UI](http://localhost:9011/admin) and check the [OAuth Settings](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications#oauth) for your application.

The properties with the `spring.security.oauth2.provider` prefix tell Spring where the important endpoints for FusionAuth are.

### Add Controllers

In your starter package, the main class which is the entry point of the application is `SpringwebApplication.java` in `src/main/java/io/fusionauth/quickstart/springweb`.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-springboot-web/main/complete-application/src/main/java/io/fusionauth/quickstart/springweb/SpringwebApplication.java"
            lang="java"/>


Create a file named `HomeController.java` in the `src/main/java/io/fusionauth/quickstart/springweb` directory. To do so you can run the command below from `your-application` directory.

```shell
touch src/main/java/io/fusionauth/quickstart/springweb/HomeController.java
```

Then copy the following code for the `HomeController` Java class into the file.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-springboot-web/main/complete-application/src/main/java/io/fusionauth/quickstart/springweb/HomeController.java"
            lang="java"/>

This controller serves the page for unauthenticated users on the index `/` route and shows the application name, which is injected from the `spring.application.name` property in the `application.properties` file. The `home` return string tells Spring to render the `home.html` template which you will create later.

Create another file in the `src/main/java/io/fusionauth/quickstart/springweb` directory. This time, name it `AccountController.java`.

```shell
touch src/main/java/io/fusionauth/quickstart/springweb/AccountController.java
```

Paste the following code into the `AccountController.java` file.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-springboot-web/main/complete-application/src/main/java/io/fusionauth/quickstart/springweb/AccountController.java"
            lang="java"/>

This controller serves the page for authenticated users on the `/account` route and adds the claims from the `OidcUser` returned from FusionAuth to the view model on the `profile` attribute. The `account` return string tells Spring to render the `account.html` template which you will create later.

Next, create a file named `MakeChangeController.java` in the `src/main/java/io/fusionauth/quickstart/springweb` directory.

```shell
touch src/main/java/io/fusionauth/quickstart/springweb/MakeChangeController.java
```

Then, copy the following code into the newly created file.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-springboot-web/main/complete-application/src/main/java/io/fusionauth/quickstart/springweb/MakeChangeController.java"
            lang="java"/>

This controller serves both GET and POST requests on the `/make-change` route. Both methods add the claims to the `profile` attribute like `AccountController.java` does. `GetMapping` adds a new model object of `Change` to the view model. `PostMapping` takes the `Change` object as a parameter and uses the `total` to calculate how many nickels and pennies to return. If `total` is not a valid dollar (`BigDecimal`) value, it adds an error to the `Change` model object. The return string `make-change` tells Spring to render the `make-change.html` template which you will create later.

### Add The Model Object

Now you'll create the model object referenced in the controllers. In the directory `src/main/java/io/fusionauth/quickstart/springweb`, create a new directory called `model`.

```shell
mkdir src/main/java/io/fusionauth/quickstart/springweb/model
```

In the `model` directory, and create a new file named `Change.java`.

```shell
touch src/main/java/io/fusionauth/quickstart/springweb/model/Change.java
```

Now, populate it with the follow code for the `Change` Java class.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-springboot-web/main/complete-application/src/main/java/io/fusionauth/quickstart/springweb/model/Change.java"
            lang="java" />

This model has four fields.

- `error`: The error string if the input was invalid.
- `total`: The total amount to divide into pennies and nickels.
- `nickels`: The number of nickels returned from the `make change` operation.
- `pennies`: The number of pennies returned from the `make change` operation.

The model also has a `getMessage` method, which formats a message string to render on the template.

### Add View Templates

Now you can add three views for Thymeleaf to render on the routes you defined:

- `Home`: The welcome page an unauthenticated user will see when they visit your application.
- `Account`: A protected view the user will see after they log in.
- `Make Change`: A protected view to demonstrate making an authenticated form post to the backend.

Create the template files in `src/main/resources/templates`.

Create the `home.html` template file.

```shell
touch src/main/resources/templates/home.html
```

Then paste the following code into it.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-springboot-web/main/complete-application/src/main/resources/templates/home.html"
            lang="html" />

This template links to `/account` for login. Spring will automatically know that the user is not logged in and redirect them to FusionAuth based on what was defined in `application.properties`.

Create the `account.html` template file in the `src/main/resources/templates` directory.

```shell
touch src/main/resources/templates/account.html
```

Then paste the following code into it.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-springboot-web/main/complete-application/src/main/resources/templates/account.html"
            lang="html" />

This page has an `a href` link to `/logout` that Spring will use to redirect the user to FusionAuth for logout. It also references the `${profile.email}` claim that was set in the account controller.

Create the `make-change.html` template file in the `src/main/resources/templates` directory.

```shell
touch src/main/resources/templates/make-change.html
```

Then paste the following code into it.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-springboot-web/main/complete-application/src/main/resources/templates/make-change.html"
            lang="html" />

In addition to the references made above, this template adds a form that binds the `${change}` object as the model, submits the `*{total}` as input by the user, and displays the message or error depending on what is defined in the `Change` object.

### Configure Spring Web And Spring Security

Add a new directory called `config` under `src/main/java/io/fusionauth/quickstart/springweb` using the following command.

```shell
mkdir src/main/java/io/fusionauth/quickstart/springweb/config
```

Add a `SecurityConfiguration.java` file to the `src/main/java/io/fusionauth/quickstart/springweb/config` directory using the following command.

```shell
touch src/main/java/io/fusionauth/quickstart/springweb/config/SecurityConfiguration.java
```

Then paste the following code into it.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-springboot-web/main/complete-application/src/main/java/io/fusionauth/quickstart/springweb/config/SecurityConfiguration.java"
            lang="java" />

This class uses the `@Configuration` annotation to provide additional configuration, in this case, a `SecurityFilterChain` that tells Spring to:

- Require authentication for all requests *except* to `/` (`home.html`), `/images`, and `/css` (implicitly referring to the directories under `src/main/resources/static`).
- Redirect the user on logout to FusionAuth to complete the logout.

Also add a `WebConfig.java`, to the `src/main/java/io/fusionauth/quickstart/springweb/config` directory.

```shell
touch src/main/java/io/fusionauth/quickstart/springweb/config/WebConfig.java
```

Then paste the following code into it.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-springboot-web/main/complete-application/src/main/java/io/fusionauth/quickstart/springweb/config/WebConfig.java"
            lang="java" />

This configuration class enables Web MVC and sets up resource handlers for the static assets.

## Customization

The template files you added to the `templates` directory reference a stylesheet and images. Create a `css` and `images` directory under `src/main/resources/static/` to place the stylesheet and images.

```shell
mkdir src/main/resources/static/css
mkdir src/main/resources/static/images
```

Add a `styles.css` file to the `src/main/resources/static/css` directory using the command below.

```shell
curl -o src/main/resources/static/css/styles.css 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-springboot-web/main/complete-application/src/main/resources/static/css/styles.css'
```

You can update the stylesheet as you see fit, but be sure to update the templates if you make changes.

Download the [bank logo image](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-springboot-web/main/complete-application/src/main/resources/static/images/example_bank_logo.svg) as `example_bank_logo.svg` and the [money image](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-springboot-web/main/complete-application/src/main/resources/static/images/money.jpg) as `money.jpg` into the `src/main/resources/static/images` directory using the commands below.

```shell
curl -o src/main/resources/static/images/example_bank_logo.svg 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-springboot-web/main/complete-application/src/main/resources/static/images/example_bank_logo.svg'
curl -o src/main/resources/static/images/money.jpg 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-springboot-web/main/complete-application/src/main/resources/static/images/money.jpg'
```

### Run The Application

From the root `your-application` directory, run the application using the following command.

```shell
./mvnw spring-boot:run
```

You can now open the application at http://localhost:8080.

Log in using `richard@example.com` and `password`.

<QuickstartTshirtCTA/>

## Next Steps

<NextSteps />

## Troubleshooting

* I get "This site can’t be reached localhost refused to connect" when I click the login button.

Ensure FusionAuth is running in the Docker container. You should be able to log in as the admin user, `admin@example.com` with a password of `password` at [http://localhost:9011/admin](http://localhost:9011/admin).

* I get an error page when I click on the login button with the message `"error_reason" : "invalid_client_id"`.

Ensure the value for `spring.security.oauth2.client.registration.fusionauth-client.client-id` in the file `src/main/resources/application.properties` matches client the Id configured in FusionAuth for the "Example App" Application at [http://localhost:9011/admin/application/](http://localhost:9011/admin/application/).

* I get an error "package org.springframework.x.y.z does not exist".

Ensure you have added the required dependencies `OAuth2 Client`, `Thymeleaf`, and `Spring Web` when configuring your starter package on the [Spring Initializr](https://start.spring.io/) site. Click the <InlineUIElement>Add Dependencies</InlineUIElement> button and search for each dependency.

* The `templates` and `static` directories are missing in the starter package.

Ensure you have added the required dependencies `Thymeleaf` and `Spring Web` when configuring your starter package on the [Spring Initializr](https://start.spring.io/) site. Click the <InlineUIElement>Add Dependencies</InlineUIElement> button and search for each dependency.

* It still doesn't work.

You can always pull down a complete running application and compare what's different.

```shell
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-java-springboot-web.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-java-springboot-web
docker compose up -d
cd complete-application
./mvnw package
./mvnw spring-boot:run
```

# Node.js/Express.js

import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import DockerSpinup from '/src/components/quickstarts/DockerSpinup.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import Intro from '/src/components/quickstarts/Intro.astro';
import {Content as LoginArchitectureWeb} from '/src/components/quickstarts/LoginArchitectureWeb.mdx';
import NextSteps from '/src/components/quickstarts/NextSteps.astro';
import QuickstartTshirtCTA from '/src/components/quickstarts/QuickstartTshirtCTA.astro'
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';

<Intro technology="Express"
       repositoryUrl="https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-express-web"/>


## Prerequisites
* [Node LTS](https://nodejs.org/en/download)
* [Docker](https://www.docker.com): The quickest way to stand up FusionAuth. (There are [other ways](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/)).
* [git](https://git-scm.com/downloads/)

## General architecture

<LoginArchitectureWeb />

## Getting Started
In this section, you'll get FusionAuth up and running, and configured with the ChangeBank application.

### Clone the Code
First off, grab the code from the repository and change into that directory.

```
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-express-web.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-express-web
```

### Run FusionAuth via Docker

<DockerSpinup kickstartUri={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} />

### Setup Application

In this section, you'll set up a basic Express application.

Create a new directory to hold your application, and go into it.

```shell
mkdir changebank
cd changebank
```

The `@fusionauth/typescript-client` will be used to exchange the OAuth Code for Access Token using PKCE, and also to retrieve the User using JWT.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/package.json"}
  lang="json" />

Install dependencies using npm.

```shell
npm install
```

Create a new directory to hold your source code, and go into it.

```shell
mkdir src
cd src
```

## Authentication

Make sure once again that you are in the directory `change-bank/src`.
Create a file called `index.ts` and start by setting up your imports and constants. These constants have already been created by running the kickstart when running FusionAuth.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/src/index.ts"}
  lang="ts"
  tags="top"/>

<Aside type="note">
If you want to see where the FusionAuth values came from, they can be found in the 
FusionAuth app (http://localhost:9011/admin). The tenant Id is found on the Tenants
page. To see the Client Id and Client Secret, go to the Applications page and 
click the <InlineUIElement>View</InlineUIElement> icon under the actions for the ChangeBank application. You'll
find the Client Id and Client Secret values in the `OAuth configuration` section.
</Aside>

### Static files

You need a way to serve your static files, luckily Express makes this easy with `express.static`. These files will include all of the CSS and images that are required for the UI of the ChangeBank application. 

Make sure that you are in the directory `change-bank` when running these commands to create new directories and copy the CSS and images required from `complete-application`.

```shell
mkdir ../static && mkdir ../static/css && mkdir ../static/img && mkdir ../templates &&
cp ../../complete-application/static/css/changebank.css ../static/css/changebank.css && 
cp ../../complete-application/static/img/money.jpg ../static/img/money.jpg && 
cp ../../complete-application/templates/account.html ../templates/account.html && 
cp ../../complete-application/templates/home.html ../templates/home.html && 
cp ../../complete-application/templates/make-change.html ../templates/make-change.html
```

At the bottom of your `index.ts` file include the below code to serve any assets in the static directory.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/src/index.ts"}
  lang="ts"
  tags="static"/>

### Homepage

In order to show off your homepage you need to create a route with the base URL `/`. In this route check to see if `userDetails` cookie has any user values and correctly respond with either the `home.html` or `account.html` template. Also if there is no user you can generate the PKCE challenge pair and store them into `userSession` cookie (this is an `HttpOnly` cookie, inaccessible to JavaScript).

<Aside type="note">
In this file you will use the [`pkce-challenge`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/pkce-challenge) package to generate a Proof Key for Code Exchange (PKCE) challenge pair. Read more about [PKCE](/articles/oauth/modern-guide-to-oauth).
</Aside>

At the bottom of `index.ts` file include the below code, so that the homepage can be displayed when a user is not logged in. If a user is logged in this route will redirect to the `/account` route.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/src/index.ts"}
  lang="ts"
  tags="homepage"/>

### Login Route

In the ChangeBank application there is a <InlineUIElement>Login</InlineUIElement> button which will open the `/login` route when clicked. This route will redirect them to a login page managed by FusionAuth. Include the below code to the bottom of `index.ts`.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/src/index.ts"}
  lang="ts"
  tags="login"/>

- `client_id`: Your Client Id.
- `response_type`: `code` since you are using the Authorization Code grant
- `redirect_uri`: Where your FusionAuth will redirect back to during the OAuth grant. In this example, this is our route `oauth-redirect`, which you'll build next.
- `state`: A random string created in your homepage route and stored in the cookie as `stateValue`
- `code_challenge`: Created in the homepage route using `pkce-challenge` and stored in a cookie as `challenge`, this is one half of the PKCE 

### OAuth Redirect

When FusionAuth redirects back to your Express application, it will return to your `/oauth-redirect` route. In this response it will have two query parameters that you need to further examine: `code` and `state`. 

You'll need to do the following:

1. Check that the `stateValue` stored in the cookie matches the `state` query parameter.
1. Make a request to the FusionAuth token endpoint exchanging the `code`, `clientId`, `clientSecret`, Redirect URI, and `verifier` from our `userSession` cookie. The response will contain the required `accessToken`.
1. Retrieve the user by passing the access token to FusionAuth.
1. Store access token details in the `userToken` cookie.
1. Store retrieved user in `userDetails` cookie.
1. Redirect to `/account` route.

Add the following code to the bottom of `index.ts`.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/src/index.ts"}
  lang="ts"
  tags="oauth-redirect"/>

### Account Route

The `/account` page represents what a user sees when they’re logged into their ChangeBank account. A user that isn’t logged in who tries to access this page will just be taken to the home page.

Add the following code to the bottom of `index.ts`.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/src/index.ts"}
  lang="ts"
  tags="account"/>

### Make Change

Two functions are needed to accept both `GET` and `POST` requests on the `/make-change` route. The `GET` verifies that the user is logged in, then serves the HTML file required for the page. The `POST` takes the amount form value as a body parameter and uses the it to calculate how many quarters, dimes, nickels and pennies to return. If `total` is not a valid dollar value or cannot be converted an `error` message is returned. The return string `message` is received by asynchronously and updates the `change-message` or `error-message` div accordingly.

Add the following code to the bottom of `index.ts`.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/src/index.ts"}
  lang="ts"
  tags="make-change"/>

### Logout Route

<Aside type="tip">
Click the <InlineUIElement>Logout</InlineUIElement> button and watch the browser first go to FusionAuth to log out the user, then return to your home page.
</Aside>

The `/logout` route in your application will redirect to the FusionAuth server. FusionAuth will then end the FusionAuth SSO session for this user and redirect back to the application's`logoutURL` specified in the `kickstarter.json` file. You'll build that URL handler below.

Add the following code to the bottom of `index.ts`.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/src/index.ts"}
  lang="ts"
  tags="logout"/>

 The application's logout route is `/oauth2/logout`. Within this route we can safely clear all of the cookies related to this user.

Add the following code to the bottom of `index.ts`.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/src/index.ts"}
  lang="ts"
  tags="oauth-logout"/>

### Listen for connection

Listen for connections on port `http://localhost:8080` and serve the Express application.

Add the below code to the bottom of `index.ts`.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/src/index.ts"}
  lang="ts"
  tags="app"/>

### Run Application

Return to the root directory of your application `/changebank` by running the below command.

```shell
cd ..
```

Include the necessary environment variables by creating a file called `.env`. Include the following variables in this file.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/.env"}
  lang="ts"/>

Now that your application is complete you can run it with the below command.

```shell
npm run dev
```

You can now open up an incognito window and visit the Express app at http://localhost:8080/ . Log in with the user account mentioned above, `richard@example.com`.

<QuickstartTshirtCTA/>

## Next Steps

<NextSteps />

# Next.js

import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import DockerSpinup from '/src/components/quickstarts/DockerSpinup.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import Intro from '/src/components/quickstarts/Intro.astro';
import {Content as LoginArchitectureWeb} from '/src/components/quickstarts/LoginArchitectureWeb.mdx';
import NextSteps from '/src/components/quickstarts/NextSteps.astro';
import QuickstartTshirtCTA from '/src/components/quickstarts/QuickstartTshirtCTA.astro'
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';

<Intro technology="Next.js"
       repositoryUrl="https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-nextjs-web"/>

## Prerequisites
* [Node LTS](https://nodejs.org/en/download)
* [Docker](https://www.docker.com): The quickest way to stand up FusionAuth. (There are [other ways](/docs/get-started/download-and-install)).
* [git](https://git-scm.com/downloads/): Not required but recommended if you want to track your changes.

## General Architecture

<LoginArchitectureWeb />

## Getting Started
In this section, you'll get FusionAuth up and running, and configured with the ChangeBank application.

### Clone The Code
First off, grab the code from the repository and change into that directory.

```
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-nextjs-web.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-nextjs-web
```

### Run FusionAuth Via Docker

<DockerSpinup kickstartUri={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} />

### Create Next.js Application

In this section, you'll set up a basic Next.js application with two pages. 

1. Homepage
1. Account - protected

Create a new application using the `npx`.

```shell
npx create-next-app@latest changebank --ts --eslint --no-tailwind --src-dir --app --import-alias "@/*"
```

Make sure you are in your new directory `changebank`.

```shell
cd changebank
```

Install [NextAuth.js](https://next-auth.js.org/getting-started/example), which simplifies integrating with FusionAuth and creating a secure web application.

```shell
npm install next-auth
```

Copy environment variables from our complete application example.

```shell
cp ../complete-application/.env.example .env.local
```

Also copy an image file into a new directory within `public` called `img`.

```shell
mkdir ./public/img && cp ../complete-application/public/img/money.jpg ./public/img/money.jpg
```

As you will be recreating all of the files in our app directory, please delete all files within `/src/app`.

```shell
rm -rf ./src/app && mkdir ./src/app
```

## Authentication

Next.js 13.2 introduced <a href="https://nextjs.org/docs/app/building-your-application/routing/router-handlers" target="_blank">Route Handlers</a>, which are the preferred way to handle REST-like requests. In the `Changebank` application you can configure NextAuth.js FusionAuth's provider in a new route handler by creating a file within `src/app/api/auth/[...nextauth]/route.ts`.

On first load of Next.js this file will make sure that you have all of the correct environment variables. The variables are then exported in an object called `authOptions` which can be imported on the server when you need to get our session using `getServerSession`.

The `FusionAuthProvider` is then provided to `NextAuth` as a provider for any `GET` or `POST` commands that are sent to the `/api/auth/*` route.

Create a new file named `src/app/api/auth/[...nextauth]/route.ts` and copy the following code for the ChangeBank application.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/src/app/api/auth/[...nextauth]/route.ts"}
  lang="ts" />

## App Customization

### Styles

Create a new file named `src/app/globals.css` and copy the below CSS for the ChangeBank application.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/src/app/globals.css"}
  lang="ts" />

### Login Button

Create a new file in `src/components/LoginButton.tsx` that will be used for a button component. Our login button will only be used on the client side so make sure to add `use client` at the top of this file.
For this button you can use the `signIn` and `signOut` functions from `next-auth/react`. By passing in the session from our pages you can determine if the `Log in` or `Log out` should be shown.

Copy the below code for the ChangeBank application into `src/components/LoginButton.tsx`.
<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/src/components/LoginButton.tsx"}
  lang="ts" />

### Login Link

Create a new file in `src/components/LoginLink.tsx` that will be used for a link component. Our login link will only be used on the client side so make sure to add `use client` at the top of this file.
For this link you can use the `signIn` function from `next-auth/react`.

Copy the below code for the ChangeBank application into `src/components/LoginLink.tsx`.
<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/src/components/LoginLink.tsx"}
  lang="ts" />

### Layout

<Aside type="tip">
If this is your first time using the Next.js App Router, you should read through <a href="https://nextjs.org/docs/app/building-your-application/routing" target="_blank">Routing Fundamentals</a>.
</Aside>

Below you will find the full code for the [Root Layout](https://nextjs.org/docs/app/building-your-application/routing/pages-and-layouts#root-layout-required).

This has the overall structure of our application. The other pages will be added where `{children}` is located.

Create a new file named `src/app/layout.tsx` and copy the below code to create the layout for the ChangeBank application.
<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/src/app/layout.tsx"}
  lang="ts" />

### Home Page

Create a new file `src/app/page.tsx` which will have the Homepage details. Not much here just an image and another Login button.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/src/app/page.tsx"}
  lang="ts" />


### Account Page

Create a new file `src/app/account/page.tsx` which will have the Account details.

One special note here is that there is a check to see if the session is missing. If it is, you redirect back to the homepage which protects this page on the server for unauthorized access. (You can find the same when a user is logged in on the homepage, it will redirect to `/account`)

Here's the contents of `src/app/account/page.tsx`.
<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/src/app/account/page.tsx"}
  lang="ts" />

### Make Change Page

Finally, we'll add some business logic for logged in users to make change with the following code in `src/app/makechange/page.tsx`:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/src/app/makechange/page.tsx"}
  lang="ts" />

If the user session is not present the user is redirect back the homepage at the base route. If the user is present then the `MakeChangeForm` is presented. Create a new file located at `/src/components/MakeChangeForm.tsx` with the below code. This component has all of the business logic needed for taking in a dollar amount of money and returning the correct amount of each coin.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/src/components/MakeChangeForm.tsx"}
  lang="ts" />

### Run the Application
You can now open up an incognito window and visit the NextJS app at http://localhost:3000/. Log in with the user account you created when setting up FusionAuth, and you’ll see the email of the user next to a logout button.

```shell
npm run dev
```

Try clicking the <InlineUIElement>Login</InlineUIElement> button at the top or center of the screen.

This will take you through the `NextAuth.js` authentication flow. First prompting you to select `Sign in with FusionAuth`. 

You can then login to FusionAuth with Email: `richard@example.com` Password: `password` (as you might expect not ideal for production.)

This will then take you back to the application in the API route it will check for a session and appropriately redirect you to the `/account` route when your session has been established.

<QuickstartTshirtCTA/>

## Next Steps

<NextSteps>
  <Fragment slot="security">
    <li>You may also want to check the [next-auth.js FusionAuth Docs](https://next-auth.js.org/providers/fusionauth) for any of the FusionAuth Provider options that you might require.</li>
  </Fragment>
</NextSteps>

# Nuxt

import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import DockerSpinup from '/src/components/quickstarts/DockerSpinup.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import Intro from '/src/components/quickstarts/Intro.astro';
import {Content as LoginArchitectureWeb} from '/src/components/quickstarts/LoginArchitectureWeb.mdx';
import NextSteps from '/src/components/quickstarts/NextSteps.astro';
import QuickstartTshirtCTA from '/src/components/quickstarts/QuickstartTshirtCTA.astro'
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';

<Intro technology="Nuxt"
       repositoryUrl="https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-nuxt-web"/>

## Prerequisites
* [Node LTS](https://nodejs.org/en/download)
* [Docker](https://www.docker.com): The quickest way to stand up FusionAuth. (There are [other ways](/docs/get-started/download-and-install)).
* [git](https://git-scm.com/downloads/): Not required but recommended if you want to track your changes.

## General Architecture

<LoginArchitectureWeb />

## Getting Started
In this section, you'll get FusionAuth up and running, and configured with the ChangeBank application.

### Clone The Code
First off, grab the code from the repository and change into that directory.

```
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-nuxt-web.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-nuxt-web
```

### Run FusionAuth Via Docker

<DockerSpinup kickstartUri={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} />

### Create Nuxt Application

In this section, you'll set up a basic Nuxt application with three pages. 

1. Homepage
1. Account - protected
1. Makechange - protected

Create a new application using the `npx`.

<Aside type="note">
If prompted you can choose `npm` for the package manager. For quickstarts we use `npm`.
</Aside>

```shell
npx nuxi@latest init changebank
```

Make sure you are in your new directory `changebank`.

```shell
cd changebank
```

Install [`@sidebase/nuxt-auth`](https://sidebase.io/nuxt-auth/v0.6/getting-started/installation), which simplifies integrating with FusionAuth and creating a secure web application.

<Aside type="note">
At the time of writing `@sidebase/nuxt-auth` was requiring a lower version of `next-auth` you may find that you can update both of these components.

At some point you may also find that `nuxt/auth` also supports Nuxt 3, please see the [Nuxt 3 Support](https://auth.nuxtjs.org/#nuxt-3-support) section for more information.
</Aside>

```shell
npm install next-auth@~4.21.1 @sidebase/nuxt-auth@^0.7.2
```

Copy environment variables from the complete application example.

```shell
cp ../complete-application/.env.example .env
```

Also copy an image file into a new directory within `public` called `img`.

```shell
mkdir ./public/img && cp ../complete-application/public/img/money.jpg ./public/img/money.jpg
```

## Authentication

Update `nuxt.config.ts` to include the new `@sidebase/nuxt-auth` and include the provider type of `authjs` just like below. 

<Aside type="note">
If you would like to code with any of the pages prior to enabling authentication, just set `globalAppMiddleware` to false.
</Aside>

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/nuxt.config.ts"}
  lang="ts" />

Nuxt 3 includes <a href="https://nuxt.com/docs/guide/directory-structure/server#server-routes" target="_blank">Route Handlers</a>, which are the preferred way to handle REST-like requests. In the `Changebank` application you can configure NextAuth.js FusionAuth's provider in a new route handler by creating a file within `/server/api/auth/[...].ts`.

On first load of Nuxt this file will make sure that you have all of the correct environment variables. The variables are then exported in an object called `authOptions` which can be imported on the server when you need to get your session using `getServerSession`.

The `FusionAuthProvider` is then provided to `NextAuth` as a provider for any `GET` or `POST` commands that are sent to the `/api/auth/*` route.

Create a new file named `/server/api/auth/[...].ts` and copy the following code for the ChangeBank application.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/server/api/auth/[...].ts"}
  lang="ts" />

## App Customization

### Styles

Create a new file named `/changebank/assets/css/global.css` and copy the below CSS for the ChangeBank application.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/assets/css/global.css"}
  lang="css" />

The above styles will be imported into a new layout that you will create called `/changebank/layouts/default.vue`. Update this file to match the code below. This will allow the rest of the pages within your application and the layout itself to use the global styles. This is the first time that you will use the [useAuth](https://sidebase.io/nuxt-auth/v0.6/application-side/session-access-and-management) Composable from Sidebase. The status can then be used to determine what links should be shown in the layout.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/layouts/default.vue"}
  lang="ts" />

### Login Button

Create a new file in `/changebank/components/LoginButton.vue` that will be used for a button component.

For this button you can use the `signIn` and `signOut` functions from the `useAuth` composable. Copy the below code for the ChangeBank application into `/changebank/components/LoginButton.vue`.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/components/LoginButton.vue"}
  lang="ts" />

### Login Link

Create a new file in `/changebank/components/LoginLink.vue` that will be used for a link component. For this link you can use the same `signIn` function from the `useAuth` composable as you did in the button above.

Copy the below code for the ChangeBank application into `/changebank/components/LoginLink.vue`.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/components/LoginLink.vue"}
  lang="ts" />

### Home Page

Update the file `/changebank/app.vue` to remove the default Nuxt Welcome and add our layout.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/app.vue"}
  lang="ts" />

Create the file `/changebank/pages/index.vue` which will have the Homepage details. Not much here just an image and a Login Link.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/pages/index.vue"}
  lang="ts" />


### Account Page

Create a new file `/changebank/pages/account.vue` which will have some fake Account details.

One special note here is that if you leave the auth `globalAppMiddleware` enabled in `nuxt.config.ts` you will need to authenticate to access this page.

Here's the contents of `/changebank/pages/account.vue`.
<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/pages/account.vue"}
  lang="ts" />

### Make Change Page

Finally, add some business logic for logged in users to make change with the following code in `/changebank/pages/makechange.vue`:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/pages/makechange.vue"}
  lang="ts" />

If the user session is not present the user is redirected back to the homepage at the base route. If the user is present then the `MakeChangeForm` is presented. Create a new file located at `/changebank/components/MakeChangeForm.vue` with the below code. This component has all of the business logic needed for taking in a dollar amount of money and returning the correct amount of each coin.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/components/MakeChangeForm.vue"}
  lang="ts" />

### Run the Application

You can now open up an incognito window and visit the Nuxt app at http://localhost:3000/. Log in with the user account you created when setting up FusionAuth, and you’ll see the email of the user next to a logout button.

```shell
npm run dev
```

Try clicking the <InlineUIElement>Login</InlineUIElement> button at the top or the link at the center of the screen.

This will take you through the `NextAuth.js` authentication flow. Since `fusionauth` is set as the provider in the Login Button `signIn('fusionauth', { callbackUrl: '/account' })`, the FusionAuth Login page will be automatically presented. If you would like to see all providers you can set `fusionauth` to `undefined`.

You can then login to FusionAuth with Email: `richard@example.com` Password: `password` (as you might expect not ideal for production.)

This will then take you back to the application, which will check for a session and appropriately redirect you to the `/account` route when your session has been established.

<QuickstartTshirtCTA/>

## Next Steps

<NextSteps>
  <Fragment slot="security">
    <li>You may also want to check the [next-auth.js FusionAuth Docs](https://next-auth.js.org/providers/fusionauth) for any of the FusionAuth Provider options that you might require.</li>
  </Fragment>
</NextSteps>

# Remix

import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import DockerSpinup from '/src/components/quickstarts/DockerSpinup.astro';
import Intro from '/src/components/quickstarts/Intro.astro';
import {Content as LoginArchitectureWeb} from '/src/components/quickstarts/LoginArchitectureWeb.mdx';
import NextSteps from '/src/components/quickstarts/NextSteps.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import QuickstartTshirtCTA from '/src/components/quickstarts/QuickstartTshirtCTA.astro'

<Intro technology="Remix"
       repositoryUrl="https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-remix-web"/>

## Prerequisites

For this Quickstart, you'll need:

* [Node 18](https://nodejs.org/en/download) or later.
* [Docker](https://www.docker.com), which is the quickest way to start FusionAuth. (There are [other ways](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/)).

## General Architecture

<LoginArchitectureWeb />

## Getting Started

Start with getting FusionAuth up and running and creating a new Remix application.

### Clone The Code

First, grab the code from the repository and change into that folder.

```
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-remix-web.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-remix-web
```

All shell commands in this guide can be entered in a terminal in this folder. On Windows, you need to replace forward slashes with backslashes in paths.

All the files you'll create in this guide already exist in the `complete-application` subfolder, if you prefer to copy them.

### Run FusionAuth Via Docker

<DockerSpinup kickstartUri={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} />

### Create A Basic Remix Application

Next, you'll set up a basic Remix app. While this guide builds a new Remix project, you can use the same method to integrate your existing project with FusionAuth.

Create the default Remix starter project.

```shell
npx create-remix@latest mysite
```

If `create-remix` isn't on your machine, npx will prompt you to install it. Confirm the installation with a `y` input.

Choose the following options:
- Just the basics
- Remix App Server
- TypeScript
- Yes (to running `npm install`)

Add additional npm packages the site will use using the commands below.

```shell
cd mysite
npm install dotenv remix-auth remix-auth-oauth2 jwt-decode
```

The two Remix authentication packages allow you to use FusionAuth without needing to know how OAuth works. The JWT package will provide your app with the user details returned from FusionAuth. The `dotenv` package allows the app to read configuration details from a `.env` environment file.

Now create the `.env` file in your `mysite` folder and add the following to it (note that this is a different environment file to the one in the root folder used by Docker for FusionAuth).

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-remix-web/main/complete-application/.env"
 lang="shell" />

### Preliminary Setup

Before you configure authentication, you need to change the default files created by Remix.

Replace the contents of the file `mysite/app/root.tsx` with the following code.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-remix-web/main/complete-application/app/root.tsx"
 lang="typescript" />

This is what these changes do:
- Add some styling with `import css from "~/css/changebank.css";` at the top.
- Specify the `<head>` content for the page (title and CSS link) in the two functions at the bottom.

At the top of the file `mysite/app/entry.server.tsx`, add the following line.

```tsx
import 'dotenv/config';
```

This allows any other file run on the server to use settings from `.env`.

## Authentication

Authentication in Remix requires two parts:

- An Authenticator service to handle communication with FusionAuth.
- Routes (login, logout, callback) that talk to the Authenticator.

### Services

The `app` folder in the `mysite` project holds all your code. The `routes` folder is a reserved word in Remix, and contains your application's pages. Let's make a `services` folder to keep your authentication code separate.

```shell
mkdir app/services
```

In this `services` folder, add a file called `session.server.ts` and copy in the following code (this guide follows the example from the [Remix Auth README](https://github.com/sergiodxa/remix-auth)).

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-remix-web/main/complete-application/app/services/session.server.ts"
 lang="typescript" />

This code provides a way for Remix to store cookies that maintain the user's session. (If you'd prefer to use file-based sessions instead of cookie-based, you can read about it in an earlier [blog post about using Remix](/blog/remix-demo).)

Next, create an authentication file in the `services` folder, `auth.server.ts`, that uses the session provider you just created.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-remix-web/main/complete-application/app/services/auth.server.ts"
 lang="typescript" />

In the line `new Authenticator<User>`, you can specify which user details you want to keep in the session. This example uses a single string containing the user's email, but you could define an object with more details or just a user Id.

Note that the `User` must have a value. If the Authenticator returns nothing to store in the session, then a user will not stay logged in.

In `authOptions`, you specify the FusionAuth URLs stored in the `.env` file, which match those created by Kickstart when you ran the Docker command to start FusionAuth.

Finally, `authStrategy` returns the user's email, decoded from the JWT returned by FusionAuth.

### Routes

First replace the homepage of your app in `mysite/app/routes/_index.tsx` with the following code.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-remix-web/main/complete-application/app/routes/_index.tsx"
 lang="typescript" />

Remix extends React with a few more custom elements that automatically hide the difference between client and server from the programmer. For example, the line `<Link to="/login" className="button-lg">Login</Link>` allows Remix to load the linked page in the background without a separate page refresh.

If you have not worked with React before, there are a few differences from normal HTML to note:

- The `class` attribute is replaced by `className`, as `class` is a reserved word in JavaScript.
- To add JavaScript values into your HTML, you wrap the value in `{  }`.
- The `style` values are not strings but object literals in braces, wrapped in more braces.

The `_index.tsx` file imports the Authenticator service you created in the previous section, checks if the user has a session, and redirects the user to their profile if they do. This `isAuthenticated` function does not call FusionAuth but checks the user's cookie instead.

<Aside type="caution">
Note that this code runs in a Remix `loader` function on the server, not the client. Remember that Remix provides two functions that run only on the server: `loader` for GET requests and `action` for POST, PATCH, and UPDATE requests. These functions will always run before any HTML is returned to the client. By contrast, the `default` function (that returns HTML) is exported from a route and runs only in the browser (unless the user browses directly to the route without already being on the site). Since Remix mixes server-side and client-side code in the same file, it is essential not to put any authentication handling or secrets in the client-side code.
</Aside>

The link you created looks for a login route, so let's code it. Create the file `mysite/app/routes/login.tsx` and add the following code to it.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-remix-web/main/complete-application/app/routes/login.tsx"
 lang="typescript" />

This route is purely server-side, as it exports no default function. Instead, the GET loader function redirects the user to FusionAuth. (The user will automatically be logged in without FusionAuth if they already have a session cookie in their browser).

Now create the file `mysite/app/routes/logout.tsx` and add the following code to it.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-remix-web/main/complete-application/app/routes/logout.tsx"
 lang="typescript" />

When a user browses to this route, they will be logged out by the Authenticator clearing their session, and redirected to the home page.

The final route to create is `mysite/app/routes/auth.callback.tsx`.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-remix-web/main/complete-application/app/routes/auth.callback.tsx"
 lang="typescript" />

This is where FusionAuth is configured to direct the user after authentication. It may look like this code is doing yet another authentication with `authenticator.authenticate`, but the Authenticator will already have created a session for the user, so no call to FusionAuth will be made here. It is just a way to direct the user to the appropriate page after login.

<Aside type="tip">
If you are wondering why `auth.callback.tsx` has two dots, it's because Remix routing treats the first dot as a slash in the URL, `/auth/callback`.
</Aside>

## Customization

Now that authentication is done, the last task is to create two example pages that a user can access only when logged in.

Copy over some CSS and an image from the example app.

```shell
mkdir app/css
cp ../complete-application/app/css/changebank.css ./app/css/changebank.css
cp ../complete-application/public/money.jpg ./public/money.jpg
```

Add the account page `mysite/app/routes/account.tsx` with the following code.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-remix-web/main/complete-application/app/routes/account.tsx"
 lang="typescript" />

The `loader` function at the top of the page prohibits the user from viewing this page if they are not authenticated. Any page you create that needs the user to be authenticated requires this function.

The line `const email: string = useLoaderData<typeof loader>();` provides whatever data the loader function returns for use in the HTML. It's used in the line `<p className="header-email">{email}</p>`.

The final page you need is `mysite/app/routes/change.tsx`, with the following code.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-remix-web/main/complete-application/app/routes/change.tsx"
 lang="typescript" />

This page has identical Remix and authentication functionality to the Account page and some pure React code that updates the DOM whenever the state changes.

## Run The Application

Start the Remix server from the root `mysite` directory.

```shell
npm run dev
```

You can now browse to [the app](http://localhost:3000).

Log in using `richard@example.com` and `password`. The change page will allow you to enter a number. Log out and verify that you can't browse to the [account page](http://localhost:3000/account).

<QuickstartTshirtCTA/>

## Next Steps

<NextSteps />

### Remix Authentication

- [Remix Docs](https://remix.run/docs)
- [Passport.js authentication concepts](https://www.passportjs.org/concepts/authentication/downloads/html/)
- [Remix Auth](https://github.com/sergiodxa/remix-auth)
- [Remix-Auth-Oauth2 Docs](https://github.com/sergiodxa/remix-auth-oauth2)


## Troubleshooting

* I get "This site can’t be reached localhost refused to connect" when I click the login button.

Ensure FusionAuth is running in the Docker container. You should be able to log in as the admin user `admin@example.com` with a password of `password` at [http://localhost:9011/admin](http://localhost:9011/admin).

* It still doesn't work.

You can always pull down a complete running application and compare what's different.

```
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-remix-web.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-javascript-remix-web
docker compose up -d
cd complete-application
npm install
npm run dev
```

# Drupal

import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from '/src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import DockerSpinup from '/src/components/quickstarts/DockerSpinup.astro';
import Field from '/src/components/Field.astro';
import InlineField from '/src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from '/src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import Intro from '/src/components/quickstarts/Intro.astro';
import {Content as LoginArchitectureWeb} from '/src/components/quickstarts/LoginArchitectureWeb.mdx';
import NextSteps from '/src/components/quickstarts/NextSteps.astro';
import QuickstartTshirtCTA from '/src/components/quickstarts/QuickstartTshirtCTA.astro'
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import Accordion from 'src/components/Accordion.astro';

<Intro technology="Drupal"
       repositoryUrl="https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-php-drupal-web"/>

## Prerequisites

- [PHP](https://www.php.net/downloads.php) 8.1.0+
- [Composer](https://getcomposer.org/)
- [GD extension](https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.image.php)
- [Docker](https://www.docker.com): The quickest way to stand up FusionAuth. (There are [other ways](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/).)

<Aside type="note">
  This app has been tested with Drupal 10.1.5. This example should work with other compatible versions of Drupal 10. Drupal 10 requires PHP 8.1.0+ and MariaDB 10.3.7+, MySQL 5.7.8+, or Percona 5.7.8+.
</Aside>

## General Architecture

<LoginArchitectureWeb intro="By default, Drupal has a built-in login and authentication system. As such, the application will resemble the following before FusionAuth is introduced." />

## Getting Started

In this section, you'll get FusionAuth up and running on your machine and create a Drupal application.

### Clone The Code

First off, grab the code from the repository and change into that directory.

```console
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-php-drupal-web.git
```

```console
cd fusionauth-quickstart-php-drupal-web
```

### Create Your Drupal Application

The `complete-application` directory in the repository already contains a complete Drupal application but for demonstration purposes, this tutorial shows how to create a new application from scratch and then switch the volumes in the `docker-compose.yml` file to point to the new application.

Start by creating a new Drupal 10 project and changing to the project directory with the following command.

```console
composer create-project drupal/recommended-project:10.1.5 "your-application" && cd your-application
```

Next, make two changes in the `docker-compose.yml` file to allow you to use your new Drupal application.

<Aside type="note">
 If you want to use the existing application at any point, revert the following two changes and then rebuild the Docker containers and volumes.
</Aside>

On the `web` service, change `volumes` from `./complete-application:/opt/drupal:cached` to `./your-application:/opt/drupal:cached`.

Under the `db2` service, change the key `MYSQL_DATABASE` from `drupaldb` to `changebank`. This updates the database name so that you are not using the same database as the existing complete application. 

Save your changes and then run the following command to get the application up and running.

```console
docker compose up -d
```

Once the application is up and running, navigate to http://localhost/ and you should be redirected to the Drupal installation wizard at http://localhost/core/install.php.

Run through the wizard and fill in all required fields. Make sure to enter the following.

On <Breadcrumb>Step 1</Breadcrumb>, choose your language and click <InlineUIElement>Save and continue</InlineUIElement>.

On <Breadcrumb>Step 2</Breadcrumb>, choose `Standard` profile and click <InlineUIElement>Save and continue</InlineUIElement>.

On <Breadcrumb>Step 4</Breadcrumb>, enter the following database connection details.

- <Field label="Database type"/>: Pick the `MySQL, MariaDB, Percona Server, or equivalent` option.
- <Field label="Database name"/>: `changebank`.
- <Field label="Database username"/>: `drupal`.
- <Field label="Database password"/>: `verybadpassword`.
- Expand Advanced options.
  - Set <Field label="Host"/> to `db2`.
  - Set the <Field label="port number"/> to `3307`.

Click <InlineUIElement>Save and continue</InlineUIElement>.

On <Breadcrumb>Step 6</Breadcrumb>, enter the following values.

- <Field label="Site name"/>: `Change Bank`.
- <Field label="Site email address"/>: `admin@example.com`.
- <Field label="Username"/>: `admin`.
- <Field label="Password"/>: `verybadpassword`.
- <Field label="Confirm password"/>: `verybadpassword`.
- <Field label="Email address"/>: `admin@example.com`.

Click <InlineUIElement>Save and continue</InlineUIElement>.


Once you've completed the installation wizard, you should be taken to the welcome page.

Now you can install OpenID Connect to handle authenticating with FusionAuth and the Admin Toolbar module to add a bit of quality of life when navigating the Drupal administration menu.

In a terminal, run the following command from the `your-application` directory.

```console
composer require 'drupal/openid_connect:3.x-dev@dev' 'drupal/admin_toolbar:^3.4'
```

#### Enabling Extensions Via UI

You can enable the modules by visiting the extensions page of your Drupal application at http://localhost/admin/modules. Search for "OpenID Connect" and "Admin Toolbar" using the <Field label="Filter"/> field. Select the module checkboxes and click the <InlineUIElement>Install</InlineUIElement> button.

#### Enabling Extensions With Drush

Alternatively, you can use Drush to enable the modules. Drush is a command line shell and Unix scripting interface for Drupal, available as a [composer package](https://packagist.org/packages/drush/drush). Install it by running the following command.

```console
composer require drush/drush
```

You might need to restart your containers for the changes to take effect. You can do so by running the following command.

```console
docker compose restart
```

Once the containers are up and running, connect to the Drupal container terminal to run Drush commands. 

```console
docker compose exec web bash
```

Run the following command to enable the modules.

```console
vendor/bin/drush pm-enable openid_connect admin_toolbar
```

Confirm with yes when prompted.

```
Do you want to continue? (yes/no) [yes]:
yes
```

You can use Drush to run many commands and perform common tasks in Drupal. Other popular commands include:

- `vendor/bin/drush cr` clears the cache.
- `vendor/bin/drush pm-enable <module name>` enables a module.
- `vendor/bin/drush updb` updates the database.
- `vendor/bin/drush uli` generates a one-time login link for a user.

For the full list of Drush commands, visit https://www.drush.org/12.2.0/commands/all/.

### Run FusionAuth Via Docker

<DockerSpinup kickstartUri={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} />

## Authentication

To set up your Drupal application to use FusionAuth for authentication, head to http://localhost/admin/config/people/openid-connect on your Drupal site.

Add a new client by clicking on <InlineUIElement>+ Generic OAuth 2.0</InlineUIElement> and fill in the details as follows:

- <Field label="Name"/>: `FusionAuth`
- <Field label="Client ID"/>: `e9fdb985-9173-4e01-9d73-ac2d60d1dc8e`
- <Field label="Client secret"/>: `super-secret-secret-that-should-be-regenerated-for-production`
- <Field label="Authorization endpoint"/>: `http://host.docker.internal:9011/oauth2/authorize`
- <Field label="Token endpoint"/>: `http://host.docker.internal:9011/oauth2/token`
- <Field label="UserInfo endpoint"/>: `http://host.docker.internal:9011/oauth2/userinfo`

<Aside>
  You may need to update your hosts file to include an entry for `127.0.0.1 host.docker.internal` if it's not already present. On macOS and Linux you can achieve this by running the following command:

  ```
  echo "127.0.0.1 host.docker.internal" | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts
  ```
</Aside>

Scroll down and click <InlineUIElement>Create OpenID Connect client</InlineUIElement>.

While on the page that lists your newly created client, click the <Breadcrumb>Settings</Breadcrumb> tab. Under the section <Breadcrumb>OpenID buttons display in user login form</Breadcrumb>, change the value from `Hidden` to `Below` to display the <InlineUIElement>Login with FusionAuth</InlineUIElement> button on the login page.

Scroll down and click <InlineUIElement>Save configuration</InlineUIElement> to save the settings.

Before you test the authentication flow, you need to make a small change to allow visitors to create accounts on the Drupal application. Navigate to http://localhost/admin/config/people/accounts and change <Field label="Who can register accounts?"/> to `Visitors` and uncheck <Field label="Require email verification when a visitor creates an account"/>. Save the configuration.

You need to flush the cache for the changes to take effect. You can flush the cache in Drupal in two ways:

- By navigating to http://localhost/admin/config/development/performance and clicking the <InlineUIElement>Clear all caches</InlineUIElement> button.
- Or by running the `vendor/bin/drush cr` command in the Drupal Docker container terminal.

### Test Authentication

Now you can test the authentication flow.

In the browser, navigate to http://localhost/user/logout to log out of the Drupal application. Navigate to http://localhost/user/login and click on the <InlineUIElement>Login with FusionAuth</InlineUIElement> button.

You should be taken to the FusionAuth login page. Log in with the username `richard@example.com` and password `password`.

You should be redirected back to the Drupal application once logged in.

## Customization

In this section, you'll turn your application into a trivial banking application with some styling.

You're going to create a module called "Changebank" that will handle the logic for making change from dollars, and add a couple of blocks to the application.

### Generate Changebank Module

In your terminal, run the following command in the Drupal Docker container.

```console
vendor/bin/drush generate module
```
You will be presented with the module creation wizard. Fill it out as follows:

```
Welcome to module generator!

Module name:
Changebank

Module machine name [changebank]:
changebank

Module description:
Provides a way to make change from dollars.

Package [Custom]:
Custom

Dependencies (comma separated):

Would you like to create module file [No]:
Yes

Would you like to create install file [No]:
No

Would you like to create README.md file [No]:
No

The following directories and files have been created or updated:

- /opt/drupal/web/modules/changebank/changebank.info.yml
- /opt/drupal/web/modules/changebank/changebank.module
```

Now you will expand on the module by generating two blocks, a form, a controller, and a routing file.

To generate the first block, run the following command and complete the wizard.

```console
vendor/bin/drush generate block
```

You will be presented with the block creation wizard. Fill it out as follows:

```
Welcome to block generator!

Module machine name:
changebank

Block admin label:
User Email Block

Plugin ID [changebank_user_email_block]:
useremailblock

Plugin class [UseremailblockBlock]:
UserEmailBlock

Block category [Custom]:
Custom

Make the block configurable? [No]:
No

Would you like to inject dependencies? [No]:
No

Create access callback? [No]:
No

The following directories and files have been created or updated:

- /opt/drupal/web/modules/changebank/src/Plugin/Block/UserEmailBlock.php
```

Generate the second block with the same block generation command as before.

```console
vendor/bin/drush generate block
```

Enter the following information:

```
Welcome to block generator!

Module machine name:
changebank

Block admin label:
User Login Logout Block

Plugin ID [changebank_user_login_logout_block]:
userloginlogoutlock

Plugin class [UserloginlogoutlockBlock]:
UserLoginLogoutBlock

Block category [Custom]:
Custom

Make the block configurable? [No]:
No

Would you like to inject dependencies? [No]:
No

Create access callback? [No]:
No

The following directories and files have been created or updated:

- /opt/drupal/web/modules/changebank/src/Plugin/Block/UserLoginLogoutBlock.php
```

To generate the form, run the following command.

```console
vendor/bin/drush generate form
```

You will be presented with the form wizard. Fill it out as follows:

```
Welcome to form generator!

Module machine name:
changebank

Module name [Changebank]:
Changebank

Class [ExampleForm]:
ChangebankForm

Would you like to create a route for this form? [Yes]:
No

The following directories and files have been created or updated:

- /opt/drupal/web/modules/changebank/src/Form/ChangebankForm.php
```

Next, generate a controller with the following command.

```console
vendor/bin/drush generate controller
```

You will be presented with the controller wizard. Fill it out as follows:

```
Welcome to controller generator!

Module machine name:
changebank

Module name [Changebank]:
Changebank

Class [ChangebankController]:
ChangebankController

Would you like to inject dependencies? [No]:
No

Would you like to create a route for this controller? [Yes]:
No

The following directories and files have been created or updated:

- /opt/drupal/web/modules/changebank/src/Controller/ChangebankController.php
```

Finally, generate a routing file with the following command.

```console
vendor/bin/drush generate routing
```

You will be presented with the routing wizard. Fill it out as follows:

```
Module machine name:
changebank

Module name [Changebank]:
Changebank

The following directories and files have been created or updated:

- /opt/drupal/web/modules/changebank/changebank.routing.yml
```

### Customizing The Module

Now that you have all the files you need in your custom module, you can customize them.

You will be editing the following files:

- `ChangebankForm.php`
- `ChangebankController.php`
- `changebank.routing.yml`
- `UserEmailBlock.php`
- `UserLoginLogoutBlock.php`
- `changebank.module`

#### Customize The Changebank Form

In your text editor, select the `ChangebankForm.php` file located at `your-application/web/modules/changebank/src/Form/ChangebankForm.php`. Clear the existing boilerplate contents and add the following code.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/web/modules/custom/changebank/src/Form/ChangebankForm.php"}
            lang="php" />

#### Customize The Controller

In your text editor, select the `ChangebankController.php` file located at `your-application/web/modules/changebank/src/Controller/ChangebankController.php` and replace the content with the following code.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/web/modules/custom/changebank/src/Controller/ChangebankController.php"}
            lang="php" />

#### Customize The Routing

Next you'll set up two routes, one for the form and one for the account page. 

Select the `changebank.routing.yml` file located at `your-application/web/modules/changebank/changebank.routing.yml` and replace the content with the following configuration.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/web/modules/custom/changebank/changebank.routing.yml"}
            lang="yaml" />

#### Customize The User Email Block

You'll use the User Email Block to display the current user's email address in a block. Select the `UserEmailBlock.php` file located at `your-application/web/modules/changebank/src/Plugin/Block/UserEmailBlock.php` and replace the content with the following code.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/web/modules/custom/changebank/src/Plugin/Block/UserEmailBlock.php"}
            lang="php" />

#### Customize The User Login And Logout Block

You'll use the User Login And Logout Block to display a login button for anonymous users and a logout button for authenticated users.

Select the `UserLoginLogoutBlock.php` file located at `your-application/web/modules/changebank/src/Plugin/Block/UserLoginLogoutBlock.php` and replace the content with the following code.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/web/modules/custom/changebank/src/Plugin/Block/UserLoginLogoutBlock.php"}
            lang="php" />

#### Customize The `changebank.module` File

To make the blocks available to the application, you need to make some changes to the `changebank.module` file located at `your-application/web/modules/changebank/changebank.module`. Add the following.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/web/modules/custom/changebank/changebank.module"}
            lang="php" />

#### Enable The Changebank Module

To enable the Changebank module, navigate to http://localhost/admin/modules while logged in as admin and select the checkbox next to the Changebank module item. Click the <InlineUIElement>Install</InlineUIElement> button.

<Aside type="note">
You can also enable the module by running the following command in the Drupal Docker container.

```console
vendor/bin/drush pm-enable changebank
```
</Aside>

### Add Styling

In this section, you're going to add a theme to the application, along with a couple of templates and some basic styling.

#### Download A Theme

A theme called "Barrio Bootstrap 5" will give you a good starting point for styling the application. Run the following command from a terminal in the `your-application` directory to add the theme to the project.

```console
composer require 'drupal/bootstrap_barrio:^5.5'
```

#### Create A Subtheme

Next, you'll create a subtheme of the Barrio Bootstrap 5 theme. 

You will notice a folder called `subtheme` in the `your-application/web/themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio` directory.

First, create a directory called `custom` in `your-application`, and a directory called `subtheme` in `custom`.

```console
mkdir -p web/themes/custom/subtheme
```

Copy the `your-application/web/themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/subtheme` directory into `your-application/web/themes/custom/subtheme`.

```console
cp -r web/themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/subtheme/* web/themes/custom/subtheme
```

Enter the subtheme folder and edit the `bootstrap_barrio_subtheme.info.yml` file. Change the name of the theme from `Bootstrap Barrio Subtheme` to `Changebank`, and change the description from `Basic structure for a Bootstrap Barrio SubTheme` to `Subtheme for Changebank`.

#### Enable The Theme

To enable the theme, navigate to http://localhost/admin/appearance and click the <InlineUIElement>Install</InlineUIElement> button for both "Bootstrap Barrio 5.5.14" and "Changebank 5.5.14".

Click the <InlineUIElement>Set as default</InlineUIElement> button for "Changebank 5.5.14".

While you are here, let's add the Changebank logo to the application.

Click <InlineUIElement>Settings</InlineUIElement> on Changebank 5.5.14, then scroll down and click <InlineUIElement>Logo image</InlineUIElement>. Uncheck the <InlineUIElement>Use the logo supplied by the theme</InlineUIElement> checkbox, and upload the [Changebank logo](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-php-drupal-web/blob/main/complete-application/web/sites/default/files/changebank-logo.png) in the <Field label="Upload logo image"/> field. Save the configuration.

#### Install And Enable Twig Tweak

The Twig Tweak module will make it easier to render content in the templates you create later. Twig Tweak is a small module that provides a Twig extension with some useful functions and filters that can improve the developer experience.

Run the following command in the `your-application` directory to download the module.

```console
composer require 'drupal/twig_tweak:^3.2'
```

Enable the module by navigating to http://localhost/admin/modules, selecting the checkbox next to Twig Tweak, and clicking the <InlineUIElement>Install</InlineUIElement> button.

<Aside type="note">
You can also enable the module with the following command in the Drupal Docker container.

```console
vendor/bin/drush pm-enable twig_tweak
```
</Aside>

#### Add Templates

In the subtheme directory of your application, you'll add a couple of templates to override the default templates provided by the Bootstrap Barrio theme. This will allow you to customize the markup of the application.

The `page--front.html.twig` template file you will create uses an image that is currently not in your application. To copy the image to your application, run the following command from `your-application` directory.

```console
cp ../complete-application/web/sites/default/files/money-new.jpg  web/sites/default/files/money-new.jpg
```

Navigate to `your-application/web/themes/custom/subtheme/templates/`. If the `templates` directory is not there, you may need to create it.

In the templates directory, create the following files:

- `page--front.html.twig`
- `block--system-branding-block.html.twig`
- `region--secondary-menu.html.twig`

In the page template for the front page (called `page--front.html.twig`), add the following code.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/web/themes/custom/subtheme/templates/page--front.html.twig"}
            lang="twig" />

Now add markup to create a custom layout for the site logo, the user email block, and the user login and logout block.

First, add the following to the `region--secondary-menu.html.twig` template.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/web/themes/custom/subtheme/templates/region--secondary-menu.html.twig"}
            lang="twig" />

If the user email and login and logout blocks do not display or appear broken, make sure that the Twig Tweak module is enabled as it provides the naming convention to embed the blocks in the template.

Now, as the code adds the System Branding block to the secondary menu region template, you need to manually hide the site name.

Add the following to the `block--system-branding-block.html.twig` template.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/web/themes/custom/subtheme/templates/block--system-branding-block.html.twig"}
            lang="twig" />

This code hides the `site_name` variable by commenting it out, but you can delete it if you prefer.

#### Customize The Stylesheet

Next you'll add some styling to the application to make it look a little nicer. Select the `style.css` file located at `your-application/web/themes/custom/subtheme/css/style.css` and add the following.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/web/themes/custom/subtheme/css/style.css"}
            lang="css" />

### Add A Menu

Previously, you created the routes for the form and account page. Now you'll add a menu to the application to make it easier to navigate between the two pages.

Go to http://localhost/admin/structure/menu in the administration menu and click <InlineUIElement>Add menu</InlineUIElement>.

Set <Field label="Title"/> to `Changebank Menu` and click <InlineUIElement>Save</InlineUIElement>.

Click <InlineUIElement>Add link</InlineUIElement> and enter the following:

- <Field label="Menu link title"/>: `Account`
- <Field label="Link"/>: `/account`

Scroll down and click <InlineUIElement>Save</InlineUIElement>.

Click on <InlineUIElement>Add link</InlineUIElement> again and enter the following:

- <Field label="Menu link title"/>: `Make Change`
- <Field label="Link"/>: `/makechange`

Scroll down and click <InlineUIElement>Save</InlineUIElement>.

### Enable Blocks

Now that you have the User Email, User Login and Logout, and the Changebank Menu blocks, you need to enable them.

Navigate to http://localhost/admin/structure/block in the administration menu.

#### Enable The Changebank Menu Block

Scroll down to the Primary Menu section and click <InlineUIElement>Place block</InlineUIElement>.

- Type `Changebank Menu` in the <Field label="Filter"/> field.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Place block</InlineUIElement> to place the block in the region.
- Uncheck the <InlineUIElement>Display title</InlineUIElement> checkbox.
- Click on the <Breadcrumb>Roles</Breadcrumb> tab under <Breadcrumb>Visibility</Breadcrumb> and enable the `Authenticated user` role.
- Click on <InlineUIElement>Save block</InlineUIElement>.

<Aside type="note">
  In your custom module, you set access to the `account` and `makechange` routes to be restricted to authenticated (logged in) users. You want to make sure that the menu is also only visible to authenticated users.
</Aside>

#### Enable The User Email Block

Scroll down to the Secondary Menu section and click <InlineUIElement>Place block</InlineUIElement>.

- Type `User Email Block` in the <Field label="Filter"/> field.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Place block"</InlineUIElement> to place the block in the region.
- Uncheck the <InlineUIElement>Display title</InlineUIElement> checkbox.
- Click the <Breadcrumb>Roles</Breadcrumb> tab under <Breadcrumb>Visibility</Breadcrumb> and enable the `Authenticated user` role.
- Click on <InlineUIElement>Save block</InlineUIElement>.

#### Enable The User Login And Logout Block

Scroll down to the Secondary Menu section and click <InlineUIElement>Place block</InlineUIElement>.

- Type `User Login Logout Block` in the <Field label="Filter"/> field.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Place block</InlineUIElement> to place the block in the region.
- Uncheck the <InlineUIElement>Display title</InlineUIElement> checkbox.
- Leave the <Breadcrumb>Roles</Breadcrumb> tab under <Breadcrumb>Visibility</Breadcrumb> set to any role by not selecting any of the options (the visibility of the login and logout links is controlled in your custom module).
- Click on <InlineUIElement>Save block</InlineUIElement>.

#### Default Blocks

By default, Drupal will have a Site Branding block, a Main Navigation block, and a User Account block.

You already have custom login and logout links, so you can remove the `User account menu` block. Click the dropdown arrow next to the `User account menu` block and select <InlineUIElement>Remove</InlineUIElement>.

To disable `Breadcrumbs`, click the dropdown arrow next to the `Breadcrumbs` block and select <InlineUIElement>Disable</InlineUIElement>.

The theme you used also has default blocks, like `Search Form (wide)` in the top header form and `Search Form (narrow)` in the sidebar first section. You don't need search functionality in this application, so remove these blocks by clicking on the dropdown arrow next to each and selecting <InlineUIElement>Remove</InlineUIElement>.

Now let's set the Main Navigation block to only be visible to anonymous users. Click the <InlineUIElement>Configure</InlineUIElement> link next to the Main Navigation block. Click the <Breadcrumb>Roles</Breadcrumb> tab under <Breadcrumb>Visibility</Breadcrumb> and select the `Anonymous user` role. Click <InlineUIElement>Save block</InlineUIElement>.

Move the Site Branding block to the Secondary Menu section by dragging the block and dropping it into the region above the other two blocks. Scroll down and click <InlineUIElement>Save blocks</InlineUIElement>.

Finally, configure the Site Branding block to only display the logo by unchecking the <InlineUIElement>Site name</InlineUIElement> and <InlineUIElement>Site slogan</InlineUIElement> checkboxes. Click <InlineUIElement>Save block</InlineUIElement>.

### Set Login Redirect

Navigate to http://localhost/admin/config/people/openid-connect and click the <Breadcrumb>Settings</Breadcrumb> tab.

Since you have the `/account` route set up in your custom module, let's make sure that the user is redirected to that page after logging in and not the standard user page.

Scroll down to the redirects section and enter `account` in the <Field label="Login"/> redirect field.

Save the configuration and clear the cache. Log out from the application.

## Run The Application

You can now open the application at http://localhost/user/login.

Log in by clicking the <InlineUIElement>Login with FusionAuth</InlineUIElement> button and using the username `richard@example.com` and password `password`.

<QuickstartTshirtCTA/>

## Next Steps

<NextSteps />

### Drupal Customization

Drupal is a powerful CMS, and there are many ways to customize it. Here are a few things you may want to do:

* Increase the functionality of the make change form, such as adding a field for the amount of change to make or specifying the type of change to make (quarters, dimes, nickels, pennies).
* Add additional functionality to the application, such as a way to deposit and withdraw money from the account and keep track of all transactions on the account page.
* Customize the FusionAuth login button.

## Troubleshooting

<Accordion>
<span slot="title">I get `This site can’t be reached localhost refused to connect.` when I click the login button.</span>

Ensure FusionAuth is running in the Docker container. You should be able to log in as the admin user `admin@example.com` with the password `password` at [http://localhost:9011/admin](http://localhost:9011/admin).
</Accordion>

<Accordion>
<span slot="title">I get an error `/usr/bin/env: 'php\r': No such file or directory` when trying to run Drush commands.</span>

Incorrect line endings are known to cause this issue. To fix the issue, convert the line endings of the file from Windows to Unix. You can use the `dos2unix` command. Install `dos2unix` by running the following command in the Drupal container.

```console
apt-get update && apt-get install -y dos2unix
```

Once installed, convert the line endings of the file by running the following command in the Drupal container.

```console
dos2unix /opt/drupal/vendor/bin/drush
```
</Accordion>

<Accordion>
<span slot="title">I get the following error during the Drupal installation wizard: `The Settings file does not exist`.</span>

Drupal will try to automatically create a `settings.php` configuration file, which is normally in the directory `sites/default` (to avoid problems when upgrading, Drupal is not packaged with this file). If auto-creation fails, you will need to create this file yourself, using the file `sites/default/default.settings.php` as a template.

Create a settings file by navigating to `your-application/web/sites/default/`, copying `default.settings.php`, and renaming it to `settings.php`.
</Accordion>

# Laravel

import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import DockerSpinup from '/src/components/quickstarts/DockerSpinup.astro';
import Intro from '/src/components/quickstarts/Intro.astro';
import {Content as LoginArchitectureWeb} from '/src/components/quickstarts/LoginArchitectureWeb.mdx';
import NextSteps from '/src/components/quickstarts/NextSteps.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import QuickstartTshirtCTA from '/src/components/quickstarts/QuickstartTshirtCTA.astro'

<Intro technology="Laravel"
       repositoryUrl={frontmatter.url}/>

## Prerequisites

For this Quickstart, you'll need:

* [PHP](https://www.php.net/manual/en/install.php) 8.1
* [Composer](https://getcomposer.org/)
* [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/)
* [Docker](https://www.docker.com), version 20 or later, which is the quickest way to start FusionAuth. (There are [other ways](/docs/get-started/download-and-install)).

## General Architecture

<LoginArchitectureWeb />

## Getting Started

Start with getting FusionAuth up and running and creating a new Laravel application.

### Clone The Code

First, grab the code from the repository and change into that folder.

```shell
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-php-laravel-web.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-php-laravel-web
```

All shell commands in this guide can be entered in a terminal in this folder. On Windows, you need to replace forward slashes with backslashes in paths.

All the files you'll create in this guide already exist in the `complete-application` subfolder, if you prefer to copy them.

### Run FusionAuth Via Docker

<DockerSpinup kickstartUri={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} />

### The Basic Laravel Application

While this guide builds a new Laravel project, you can use the same method to integrate your existing project with FusionAuth.

To create a new Laravel project run the following command. There are other ways of creating the project as suggested in the Laravel [documentation](https://laravel.com/docs/10.x#your-first-laravel-project).

```shell
composer create-project laravel/laravel your-application && cd your-application
```

Composer will initialize the project and add all the starter app files in `your-application` directory.

If you are not familiar with Laravel, here's a brief explanation of its structure:

- `app` — contains the lowest level code: models, controllers, and middleware.
- `bootstrap` — the starting point for execution.
- `config` — contains all settings.
- `database` — contains all database migration scripts.
- `public` — contains static resources (images, CSS) available to anyone on the web.
- `resources` — similar to `public`, but contains Blade templates, and files are adapted by the server before serving.
- `routes` — contains the server code to respond to URLs called by a browser.
- `storage` — cache folder managed by Laravel when running.
- `tests` — where you write your tests.
- `vendor` — contains all Composer packages.

## Authentication

Authentication in Laravel is managed by [Socialite](https://laravel.com/docs/10.x/socialite). For this application, you need the [FusionAuth Socialite provider](https://github.com/SocialiteProviders/FusionAuth). To install it, run the following command.

```shell
composer require socialiteproviders/fusionauth
```

In `your-application/.env`, insert the following lines.

```
FUSIONAUTH_CLIENT_ID="E9FDB985-9173-4E01-9D73-AC2D60D1DC8E"
FUSIONAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET="super-secret-secret-that-should-be-regenerated-for-production"
FUSIONAUTH_BASE_URL="http://localhost:9011"
FUSIONAUTH_REDIRECT_URL="http://localhost:8000/auth/callback"
# FUSIONAUTH_TENANT_ID=
```

This tells Laravel where to find and connect to FusionAuth.

This quickstart will use a [SQLite](https://www.sqlite.org/index.html) database. SQLite is a small, fast, self-contained database engine, but you can use MySQL or Postgres if you have them installed on your machine.

Create a SQLite database by running the following command from `your-application` directory.

```shell
touch database/database.sqlite
```

In the `your-application/.env` file, comment out the values for the following keys as shown here.

```
# DB_CONNECTION=mysql
# DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
# DB_PORT=3306
# DB_DATABASE=laravel
# DB_USERNAME=root
# DB_PASSWORD=
```

Add the following key above the keys you just commented out.

```
DB_CONNECTION=sqlite
```

This enables Laravel to connect to the SQLite database.

In the file `your-application/config/services.php`, add one more item to the array being returned with the code below.

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/config/services.php"}
  lang="php"
  tags="fusionauth" />

Now the configuration files have all the settings you need. Next, you'll change your provider to be aware of FusionAuth.

In the file `your-application/app/Providers/EventServiceProvider.php`, replace the `$listen` array with the code below.

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/app/Providers/EventServiceProvider.php"}
  lang="php"
  tags="fusionauth" />

Finally, update your User model to have FusionAuth fields.

In the file `your-application/app/Models/User.php`, add the FusionAuth items to the `$fillable` and `$hidden` properties with the code below.

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/app/Models/User.php"}
  lang="php"
  tags="fusionauth" />

Every model in Laravel uses the database, so you need to update the database table to match your new model.

Create a file named `your-application/database/migrations/2023_11_03_112258_add_fusionauth_fields_user_table.php` or run the command below to create it.

<Aside type="note">
  Running the command below will create the file with a slightly different name depending on the date you are running the command.
</Aside>

```shell
php artisan make:migration add_fusionauth_fields_user_table
```

The result is the same whether you create the database scripts manually or with this command, so you can use your preferred method.

Add the code below to the file.

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/database/migrations/2023_11_03_112258_add_fusionauth_fields_user_table.php"}
  lang="php" />

Install the following package required to allow manipulation of columns.

```shell
composer require doctrine/dbal
```

Run the command below to update your database with the new User definition.

```shell
php artisan migrate
```

## Customization

Now that authentication is done, the last task is to create example pages that a user can access only when logged in.

### CSS And HTML

Copy over some CSS and images from the example app.

```shell
cp ../complete-application/public/changebank.css public/changebank.css
cp ../complete-application/public/money.jpg public/money.jpg
cp ../complete-application/public/changebank.svg public/changebank.svg
```

Next, create an `index.blade.php` file.

```shell
touch resources/views/index.blade.php
```

Paste the following code into the file.

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/resources/views/index.blade.php"}
  lang="php" />

The index page contains nothing to note except a link to the login page `<a href="/login">`.

Next, create an `account.blade.php` file.

```shell
touch resources/views/account.blade.php
```

Paste the following code into the file.

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/resources/views/account.blade.php"}
  lang="php" />

The account page displays the user's email from FusionAuth, as you'll see later when you create the route `<p class="header-email">{{$email}}</p>`.

Next, create a `change.blade.php` file.

```shell
touch resources/views/change.blade.php
```

Paste the following code into the file.

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/resources/views/change.blade.php"}
  lang="php" />

The change page uses some Blade conditional statements to display different `div`s depending on the state returned by the form POST `@if ($state['error'] && $state['hasChange'])`.

The change page also includes a `@csrf` anti-forgery token in the form at the bottom to prevent Laravel throwing page expired errors.

### Route

In the file `your-application/routes/web.php`, overwrite everything with the code below.

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/routes/web.php"}
  lang="php" />

The homepage route `/` checks whether you are logged in and redirects you to your account page if you are.

After login, FusionAuth redirects you to the `/auth/callback` route. Use Socialite to update the user model in the database with `$user = User::updateOrCreate([`, then start a session for the user with `Auth::login($user);`.

Logout ends the session with `Auth::logout();`.

The account and change routes both include the user's email in the page template data, `return view('account', ['email' => Auth::user()->email]);`. Both routes use middleware to prevent users without a session from seeing the page, `})->middleware('auth');`.

Finally, the change route has both a GET and a POST version. Both versions return the same view, but the POST route does a calculation and includes more template data.

## Run The Application

From the `your-application` directory, run the following command.

```shell
php artisan serve
```

Browse to [the app](http://localhost:8000) at http://localhost:8000. Log in using `richard@example.com` and `password`. The change page will allow you to enter a number. Log out and verify that you can't browse to the [account page](http://localhost:8000/account).

<QuickstartTshirtCTA/>

## Next Steps

<NextSteps />

### Laravel Authentication

- [Laravel Socialite concepts](https://laravel.com/docs/10.x/socialite)

## Troubleshooting

- I get "This site can’t be reached localhost refused to connect" when I click the Login button.

Ensure FusionAuth is running in the Docker container. You should be able to log in as the admin user `admin@example.com` with a password of `password` at [http://localhost:9011/admin](http://localhost:9011/admin).


- Laravel says there is an invalid state exception.

Browse to the homepage, log out, and try to log in again. If that still doesn't work, delete and restart all the containers.

- It still doesn't work.

You can always pull down a complete running application and compare what's different.

```shell
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-php-laravel-web.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-php-laravel-web
docker compose up -d
cd complete-application
composer install
touch database/database.sqlite
php artisan migrate
php artisan serve
```

Browse to the app at http://localhost:8000.

# PHP

import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import DockerSpinup from '/src/components/quickstarts/DockerSpinup.astro';
import Intro from '/src/components/quickstarts/Intro.astro';
import {Content as LoginArchitectureWeb} from '/src/components/quickstarts/LoginArchitectureWeb.mdx';
import NextSteps from '/src/components/quickstarts/NextSteps.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import RemoteValue from 'src/components/RemoteValue/RemoteValue.astro';
import QuickstartTshirtCTA from '/src/components/quickstarts/QuickstartTshirtCTA.astro'

<Intro technology="PHP"
       repositoryUrl={frontmatter.url}/>

<Aside type="note">
  When developing PHP web applications, it's advisable to consider using a framework. Frameworks provide a structured environment, streamlining development and enhancing code organization. With built-in security features, community support, and time-saving tools, frameworks offer a robust foundation for efficient and maintainable projects.
</Aside>

## Prerequisites

For this quickstart, you'll need:

* [PHP](https://www.php.net/downloads.php) 8.1+
* [Composer](https://getcomposer.org/)
* [Docker](https://www.docker.com) version 20 or later, which is the quickest way to start FusionAuth. (There are [other ways](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/).)

## General Architecture

<LoginArchitectureWeb />

## Getting Started

Start with getting FusionAuth up and running and creating a new PHP application.

### Clone The Code

First, grab the code from the repository and change to that directory.

```shell
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-php-web.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-php-web
```

All shell commands in this guide can be entered in a terminal in this directory. On Windows, you need to replace forward slashes with backslashes in paths.

All the files you'll create in this guide already exist in the `complete-application` subdirectory, if you prefer to copy them to your application.

### Run FusionAuth Via Docker

<DockerSpinup kickstartUri={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} />

### The Basic PHP Application

While this guide builds a new PHP project, you can use the same method to integrate your existing project with FusionAuth.

<Aside type="note">
  If you simply want to run the application and not create your own, there is a completed version in the `complete-application` directory. You can use the following commands to get it up and running.

  ```shell
  cd complete-application
  composer install
  php -S localhost:9012 -t public
  ```

  View the application at http://localhost:9012.
</Aside>

First create the directory for your application and change to that directory.

```bash
mkdir your-application
cd your-application
```

Before you start coding, you need to install the PHP module for your application to communicate with FusionAuth. Run the following command.

```bash
composer require vlucas/phpdotenv jerryhopper/oauth2-fusionauth
```

## Authentication

Authentication in PHP is managed by [FusionAuth community member Jerry Hopper's FusionAuth Provider](https://github.com/jerryhopper/oauth2-fusionauth) for [The League's OAuth library](https://github.com/thephpleague/oauth2-client).

Create an `.env` file within `your-application` directory and insert the following lines.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/.env"}/>

This tells PHP where to find and connect to FusionAuth.

In this application authentication is handled by two files: `login.php` and `logout.php`.

The login file is based almost exactly on Jerry Hopper's code, but is split into neater functions and does two extra things: Starts a session and saves the user details to the session after login.

Create a `public` directory within `your-application`.

```shell
mkdir public
```

In the `public` directory, create a `login.php` file and insert the following code.

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/public/login.php"}
  lang="php"/>

This setup code:

- Prevents errors from being displayed in the browser, for security.
- Loads all vendor modules into PHP so you can use them.
- Reads your variables from the `.env` file.
- Starts a new session using HTTP (not HTTPS since you're on localhost) and ensures your user Id cookie will not be accessible by JavaScript.

Next comes the FusionAuth handlers. Starting from the `getFusionAuthProvider()` function, the code:

- Creates a FusionAuth provider with your environment variables.
- Sends the user to the account page if they already have a login cookie.
- Sends the user to the FusionAuth URL if they are not logged in.
- Checks the user's FusionAuth token if they are not logged in but are returning from FusionAuth.
- Gets the user details from the FusionAuth token and saves them to the server-side session. This also generates a new session or cookie Id for the user for security. The user is then redirected to their account page.

PHP automatically links the user's session to their browser by returning a cookie for the site, which is then included in every subsequent request.

The login page handles both the initial user request to start the login process and the server callback request from FusionAuth to complete the authentication.

Logging out is much simpler. Create a `logout.php` file in the `public` directory and insert the following code.

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/public/logout.php"}
  lang="php"/>

This code terminates the session on the server for this user and redirects them back to the home page.

## Customization

Now that authentication is done, the last task is to create example pages that a user can browse.

### CSS And HTML

Create a `static` directory within `your-application/public` directory.

```shell
mkdir public/static
```

Copy images from the example app.

```shell
cp ../complete-application/public/static/money.jpg public/static/money.jpg
cp ../complete-application/public/static/changebank.svg public/static/changebank.svg
```

Create a `changebank.css` stylesheet file in `your-application/public/static` directory and add the following code to it.

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/public/static/changebank.css"}
  lang="css"/>

Next, you'll create three more pages in the `your-application/public` directory. First create the home page, `index.php`, and paste the following code into it.

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/public/index.php"}
  lang="php"/>

The index page contains nothing to note except a link to the login page `<a href="login.php">`.

Next, create an `account.php` file and paste the following code into it.

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/public/account.php"}
  lang="php"/>

The account page displays the user's email from FusionAuth with `<p class="header-email"><?= $_SESSION['email'] ?></p>`.

The account page is only visible to logged in users. If a session Id is not found, the user is redirected to login.

Finally, create a `change.php` file and paste the following code into it.

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/public/change.php"}
  lang="php"/>

In addition to verifying login, the code at the top of the change page checks if the CSRF token is valid on POST requests. The CSRF token is hidden in the form in the HTML, `<input type="hidden" name="csrftoken" value="<?= $_SESSION["csrftoken"] ?>" />`. Although any attacker can make a POST request on behalf of a logged in user, a server will reject a GET request if it's not made from the same origin (URL). Including this CSRF token in your page requires an attacker to make a GET request to obtain it before making the POST request, which isn't possible.

The `calculateChange()` method takes the amount given in the form and returns a `$state` array with the amount in nickels and pennies.

The HTML at the bottom of the file displays a blank form when the page first loads (GET) or the result of the calculation when returning (POST).

## Run The Application

From `your-application` directory run the following command to serve the application using the built-in PHP server.

```bash
php -S localhost:9012 -t public
```

Browse to the app at http://localhost:9012. Log in using `richard@example.com` and `password`. The change page allows you to enter a number.

<QuickstartTshirtCTA/>

## Next Steps

<NextSteps />

### PHP Authentication

- [The League OAuth overview](https://oauth2-client.thephpleague.com/usage/)
- [Jerry Hopper's FusionAuth provider](https://github.com/jerryhopper/oauth2-fusionauth)

## Troubleshooting

- I get "This site can’t be reached localhost refused to connect" when I click the login button.

Ensure FusionAuth is running in the Docker container. You should be able to log in as the admin user `admin@example.com` with the password `password` at [http://localhost:9011/admin](http://localhost:9011/admin).

* I get "Your browser sent a request that this server could not understand. Size of a request header field exceeds server limit".

Open the app in an incognito browser window or clear your browser cache and cookies data.

- PHP says there is an invalid state exception.

Browse to the home page, log out, and try to log in again. If that still doesn't work, delete and restart all the containers.

- It still doesn't work.

You can always pull down a complete running application and compare what's different.

```shell
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-php-web.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-php-web
docker compose up
cd complete-application
composer install
php -S localhost:9012 -t public
```

Browse to the app at http://localhost:9012.

# Python Django

import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import DockerSpinup from '/src/components/quickstarts/DockerSpinup.astro';
import Intro from '/src/components/quickstarts/Intro.astro';
import {Content as LoginArchitectureWeb} from '/src/components/quickstarts/LoginArchitectureWeb.mdx';
import NextSteps from '/src/components/quickstarts/NextSteps.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import QuickstartTshirtCTA from '/src/components/quickstarts/QuickstartTshirtCTA.astro'

<Intro technology="Python and Django"
       repositoryUrl="https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-python-django-web"/>

## Prerequisites

For this Quickstart, you'll need:
* [Python3.8](https://www.python.org/downloads/) or later.
* [Docker](https://www.docker.com), which is the quickest way to start FusionAuth. (There are [other ways](/docs/get-started/download-and-install)).

## General Architecture

<LoginArchitectureWeb />

## Getting Started

Start with getting FusionAuth up and running and creating a new Django application.

### Clone The Code

First, grab the code from the repository and change into that directory.

```
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-python-django-web.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-python-django-web
```

All shell commands in this guide can be entered in a terminal in this folder. On Windows, you need to replace forward slashes with backslashes in paths.

The files you'll create in this guide already exist in the `complete-application` folder, if you prefer to copy them.

### Run FusionAuth Via Docker

<DockerSpinup kickstartUri={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} />

### Create A Basic Django Application

Next, you'll set up a basic Django project with a single app. While this guide builds a new Django project, you can use the same method to integrate your existing project with FusionAuth.

#### Set Up Your Environment

You should work in a virtual environment for this.

```shell
python3 -m venv venv && source venv/bin/activate
```

Using `venv` isolates Python dependencies for this project locally so that any dependencies used by other projects on your machine are not affected.

Create a `requirements.txt` file to list the project dependencies with the following content.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-python-django-web/main/complete-application/requirements.txt"
 lang="shell" />

Then install the dependencies into your virtual environment.

```shell
pip install -r requirements.txt
```

#### Create The Application

Create the default Django starter project.

```shell
django-admin startproject mysite
```

Now create a `.env` file in your `mysite` folder and add the following to it (note that this is a different environment file to the one in the root folder used by Docker for FusionAuth).

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-python-django-web/main/complete-application/mysite/.env"
 lang="shell" />

## Authentication

Create an app within your `mysite` project.

```shell
cd mysite
python manage.py startapp app
cd ..
```

Now you will work from the top down to set up authentication URLs in the project `settings.py`, then in the application `urls.py`, then the `views.py`, and finally, the HTML templates for the views.

### Project Settings

Overwrite your `mysite/mysite/settings.py` contents with the following code.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-python-django-web/main/complete-application/mysite/mysite/settings.py" lang="python" />

Here, your `app` and `mozilla_django_oidc` are added to the list of `INSTALLED_APPS`. The authentication library from Mozilla is set up by `mozilla_django_oidc` and the `OIDC_OP_` constants imported from the `.env` file. This automatically handles the interaction with FusionAuth on the endpoints configured in this file and the matching ones configured in the `kickstart.json` file that you used to initialize FusionAuth.

### Project URLs

Overwrite the `mysite/mysite/urls.py` file with the following code:

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-python-django-web/main/complete-application/mysite/mysite/urls.py"
 lang="python" />

* The `admin` site is the default Django admin.
* The `app` URLs are for the app you created in your project.
* The `oidc` URLs are automatically generated from the settings you configured in the previous step.

### App URLs

From this point, you'll create files in the `mysite/app` application folder, not in the main `mysite/mysite` project.

Create a `mysite/app/urls.py` file and set its content to match the project URLs.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-python-django-web/main/complete-application/mysite/app/urls.py"
 lang="python" />

### App Views

Now overwrite the `mysite/app/views.py` file. The code below will create three pages: the home page, the account page, and the make change page.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-python-django-web/main/complete-application/mysite/app/views.py"
 lang="python" />

Here's what these views do:

* The `app` view, or home page, redirects the user to the `account` view if they are already logged in.
* The `account` view checks whether the user is logged in. If the user is logged in, it returns the account page template, passing in the user's email address returned from FusionAuth. If the user isn't logged in, they are redirected to the login page. This also happens in the change page.
* The `logout` view is necessary because you need to clear the session for the user in Django after the user logs out of FusionAuth. FusionAuth sends the user to this view after logging them out, which then returns them to the home page.
* The `change` view looks longer only because it demonstrates how to do some calculations if the request is a POST instead of a GET. These calculations are then passed to the template in the `change` variable to display onscreen.

## Customization

The final step is to create the HTML pages and style them with CSS. Copy the `static` and `templates` folders into your app. Use the appropriate command for your operating system.

```batch
# linux, mac
cp -r complete-application/mysite/app/static mysite/app
cp -r complete-application/mysite/app/templates mysite/app

# windows
xcopy /e complete-application\mysite\app\static mysite\app
xcopy /e complete-application\mysite\app\templates mysite\app
```

There are only two lines in these templates related to authentication. In the `home.html` template, there is a login button.

```html
<a class="button-lg" href="{% url 'oidc_authentication_init' %}">Login</a>
```
This URL is made available by the Mozilla plugin in the settings file. It directs the user to FusionAuth to log in, which then redirects back to your app account page.

In the account and change pages, there is a logout form.

```html
<form id="logoutForm" class="button-lg"  action="{% url 'oidc_logout' %}" method="post">
  {% csrf_token %}
  <a class="button-lg" href="#" onclick="document.getElementById('logoutForm').submit();">Log out</a>
</form>
```

Log out has to be a form that submits a `POST` request to FusionAuth. Here you use an anchor element that is easy to style, but if your users might disable JavaScript, you could use a traditional form `input` element.

## Run The Application

Update the default SQLite database and start your server.

```bash
python mysite/manage.py migrate
python mysite/manage.py runserver
```

You can now browse to [the Django app](http://localhost:8000/app).

Log in using `richard@example.com` and `password`. The change page will allow you to enter a number and see the result of the POST. Log out and verify that you can't browse to the [account page](http://localhost:8000/app/account).

<QuickstartTshirtCTA/>

## Next Steps

<NextSteps>
  <Fragment slot="security">
    <li>Learn more about configuring the [open source OIDC library](https://github.com/mozilla/mozilla-django-oidc).</li>
  </Fragment>
</NextSteps>

# Python Flask

import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from '/src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import DockerSpinup from '/src/components/quickstarts/DockerSpinup.astro';
import InlineField from '/src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from '/src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import Intro from '/src/components/quickstarts/Intro.astro';
import {Content as LoginArchitectureWeb} from '/src/components/quickstarts/LoginArchitectureWeb.mdx';
import NextSteps from '/src/components/quickstarts/NextSteps.astro';
import QuickstartTshirtCTA from '/src/components/quickstarts/QuickstartTshirtCTA.astro'
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';

<Intro technology="Python and Flask"
       repositoryUrl="https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-python-flask-web"/>

## Prerequisites

- [Python](https://www.python.org/downloads/).
- [Docker](https://www.docker.com): The quickest way to stand up FusionAuth. (There are [other ways](/docs/get-started/download-and-install)).

This app has been tested with Python 3.8. This example should work with other compatible versions of Python.

## General Architecture

<LoginArchitectureWeb />

## Getting Started
In this section, you'll get FusionAuth up and running and use Flask to create a new application.

### Clone the Code
First off, grab the code from the repository and change into that directory.

```
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-python-flask-web.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-python-flask-web
```

### Run FusionAuth via Docker

<DockerSpinup kickstartUri={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} />

### Create your Flask Application

In this section, you'll set up a basic Flask application with a single page. While this section builds a simple Python / Flask application, you can use the same method to integrate your existing application with FusionAuth.

#### Set up your Environment

We recommend working in a virtual environment for this.

```shell
python3.8 -m venv venv && source venv/bin/activate
```

Next, create a `requirements.txt` file to name the project dependencies.

`requirements.txt`
<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/requirements.txt"}
 lang="python" />

And then install the dependencies into your virtual env.

```shell
pip install -r requirements.txt
```

#### Create the Application

Now create your Flask app, which for now will consist of an environment file named `.env` and a Python file named `server.py`.

Create the environment file with these contents:

`.env`
<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/.env"}
 lang="ini" />

In `server.py`, you'll add all of the imports you'll need, declare some constants, and initialize the OAuth library.

`server.py`
<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/server.py"}
 lang="python"
 tags="baseApplication"/>

<Aside type="tip">
  You should be able to start your Flask application with `flask --app server.py --debug run`. Note that you won't be able to access it with a browser yet!
</Aside>

#### Create a Home Route and a Home Page
The next step is to get a basic home page up and running. This will require a back end route to handle requests to `/` and a web page template.

In the route function, you're going to look for an access token, which is created when a user is successfully authenticated. If the user is not authenticated, you'll just take them to the home page. However, if they _are_ authenticated, you'll redirect them to an `/account` page. Since we haven't implemented login yet, the redirect to `/account` won't work.

Add the route handling function to your server.py file.

`server.py`
<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/server.py"}
 lang="python"
 tags="homeRoute"/>

Next, create the home page in a `templates` directory. This page just has a login button, which won't do anything yet. These commands also install a CSS file and an image to make your app look nicer.

```shell
mkdir -p templates static/css static/img && \
wget -O templates/home.html https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-python-flask-web/main/complete-application/templates/home.html && \
wget -O static/css/changebank.css https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-python-flask-web/main/complete-application/static/css/changebank.css && \
wget -O static/img/money.jpg https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-python-flask-web/main/complete-application/static/img/money.jpg

```

<Aside type="tip">
With the home page and route complete, you can view the home page in your browser at `http://localhost:5000`.
</Aside>

## Authentication
In this section you'll build the integration with FusionAuth, which will allow users to log in to your application.

### Add OAuth Authentication Routes
Next, you'll add a `/login` route that uses authlib to take the user to FusionAuth's OAuth2 `authorize` endpoint,
and a `/callback` route that FusionAuth will redirect the user back to after a successful login.

FusionAuth will include an authorization code in the redirect to `/callback`, and the callback function will
make a server-to-server call to FusionAuth to exchange the authorization code for an access token, refresh token,
and UserInfo object. All of this happens in `oauth.FusionAuth.authorize_access_token()`. This sequence of redirects and
back end calls is known as an OAuth Authorization Code Grant flow.

After your app gets the information back from FusionAuth, you'll write these items to HTTP-only cookies, so that they will
be returned to the Flask application on subsequent requests, but are not readable by code running in the browser.

We also set the UserInfo object in the Flask session, to make it easy to use in rendered templates.

Add the `/login` and `/callback` routes to your server code.

`server.py`
<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/server.py"}
 lang="python"
 tags="loginRoute"/>

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/server.py"}
 lang="python"
 tags="callbackRoute"/>

<Aside type="tip">
Once these steps are done, you should be able to successfully log into your application! Just note that after logging in, you're taking the user to `/account`, which doesn't exist yet.
</Aside>

### Add a Secured Page
Remember that after logging in, the application redirects the user to `/`, which then redirects a logged in user to `/account`. You are going to add that route and page now.

First, create the page template for a logged in user. It's going to show a personalized header and a logout button.

```shell
wget -O templates/account.html https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-python-flask-web/main/complete-application/templates/account.html
```

Next, create a route to get to that page. This checks if an access token is present. If one isn't, it forces a logout at FusionAuth. If one is, it renders the `/account` page.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/server.py"}
 lang="python"
 tags="accountRoute"/>

<Aside type="tip">
Now when you log in, you should see the `/account` page!
</Aside>

### Add Logout Support
The last step is to implement logout. When you log a user out of an application, you'll take them to FusionAuth's `/oauth2/logout` endpoint. After logging the user out, FusionAuth will redirect the user to your app's `/logout` endpoint, which you'll create now. This endpoint deletes any cookies that your application created, and clears the Flask session.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/server.py"}
 lang="python"
 tags="logoutRoute"/>

<Aside type="tip">
Click the <InlineUIElement>Logout</InlineUIElement> button and watch the browser first go to FusionAuth to log out the user, then return to your home page.
</Aside>

<QuickstartTshirtCTA/>

## Next Steps

<NextSteps />

# Ruby on Rails

import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import Code from 'astro/components/Code.astro';
import DockerSpinup from '/src/components/quickstarts/DockerSpinup.astro';
import Intro from '/src/components/quickstarts/Intro.astro';
import {Content as LoginArchitectureWeb} from '/src/components/quickstarts/LoginArchitectureWeb.mdx';
import NextSteps from '/src/components/quickstarts/NextSteps.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import RemoteValue from 'src/components/RemoteValue/RemoteValue.astro';
import QuickstartTshirtCTA from '/src/components/quickstarts/QuickstartTshirtCTA.astro'

<Intro technology="Ruby on Rails"
       repositoryUrl="https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-ruby-on-rails-web"/>

## Prerequisites

- [Ruby](https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/documentation/installation/): This will be needed for pulling down the various dependencies.
- [Rails](https://guides.rubyonrails.org/getting_started.html): This will be used in order to run the Rails server.
- [Docker](https://www.docker.com): The quickest way to stand up FusionAuth. (There are [other ways](/docs/get-started/download-and-install)).

This app has been tested with Ruby 3.2.2 and Rails 7.0.4.3. This example should work with other compatible versions of Ruby and Rails.

## General Architecture

<LoginArchitectureWeb />

## Getting Started

In this section, you'll get FusionAuth up and running and use Rails to create a new application.

### Clone the Code

First off, grab the code from the repository and change into that directory.

```
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-ruby-on-rails-web.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-ruby-on-rails-web
```

### Run FusionAuth via Docker

<DockerSpinup kickstartUri="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-ruby-on-rails-web/main/kickstart/kickstart.json" />

### Create your Ruby on Rails Application

Now you are going to create a Ruby on Rails application. While this section builds a simple Ruby on Rails application, you can use the same configuration to integrate your existing Ruby on Rails application with FusionAuth.

```bash
rails new myapp && cd myapp
```

## Authentication

We'll use the [OmniAuth Library](https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth), which simplifies integrating with FusionAuth and creating a secure web application.

### Configure OmniAuth

Install the omniauth gem and other supporting gems. Add the following three lines to your `Gemfile`.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-ruby-on-rails-web/main/complete-app/Gemfile"
 lang="ruby"
 tags="gemfile"/>

Then, install them.

```bash
bundle install
```

Next, update your `config/environments/development.rb` file with FusionAuth OpenID Connect (OIDC) environment specific configuration.

<Aside type="tip">
You'll have to add similar configuration to the correct environment files when deploying to prod or other environments.
</Aside>

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-ruby-on-rails-web/main/complete-app/config/environments/development.rb"
lang="ruby"
tags="oidcConfig"/>

Configure OmniAuth by creating `config/initializers/omniauth.rb` with the following code:

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-ruby-on-rails-web/main/complete-app/config/initializers/omniauth.rb"
lang="ruby" />

This pulls values from the environment file and configures the omniauth gem to communicate with FusionAuth.

### Add Controllers

Next, you can create some controllers with the following shell commands:

```shell
rails generate controller auth
rails generate controller home
rails generate controller make_change
```

These controllers have the following purposes:

* `auth` is for omniauth integration
* `home` is an unprotected home page with a login button
* `make_change` is a protected page for our example bank application

First, let's update the `config/routes.rb` file. Here's what that should look like:

<RemoteCode url="
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-ruby-on-rails-web/main/complete-app/config/routes.rb"
lang="ruby" />

Some simple routes corresponding to the controllers:

* `make_change` is the protected bank page
* `home` is the home page, which is available to unauthenticated users. This is also the default page.
* `logout` is tied to the auth controller's logout method.
* `auth/:provider/callback` is the omniauth callback method, which completes the OIDC grant.

Now, update the auth controller at `app/controllers/auth_controller.rb` to look like this, which completes some of the routes defined above.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-ruby-on-rails-web/main/complete-app/app/controllers/auth_controller.rb"
lang="ruby" />

This lets you have a nice `logout` method and also handle the callback from omniauth. The latter sets a `session` attribute with user data, which can be used by views later.

Now, update the application controller at `app/controllers/application_controller.rb`.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-ruby-on-rails-web/main/complete-app/app/controllers/application_controller.rb"
lang="ruby" />

- `authenticate_user!` enforces authentication for all routes in your application by checking for the session attribute set by the auth controller after a successful login.
- `redirect_non_localhost!` ensures users access the web app via `localhost` instead of a URL like http:127.0.0.1:3000/ .  FusionAuth's origin and redirect URL configurations in this example expect `localhost`.  In production, update this with your domain name.

Now, let's build out the home page. Update the home controller at `app/controllers/home_controller.rb` to look like this:

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-ruby-on-rails-web/main/complete-app/app/controllers/home_controller.rb"
lang="ruby" />

You're skipping authentication for this route. After all, a user has to have someplace to go if they are unauthenticated, right?

Finally, we'll add some business logic for logged in users to make change with the following code in `app/controllers/make_change_controller.rb`:

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-ruby-on-rails-web/main/complete-app/app/controllers/make_change_controller.rb"
lang="ruby" />

## App Customization

In this section, you'll turn your application into a trivial banking application with some styling.

### Add Views

The view is welcoming, but prompts them to login. Otherwise, it shows a mock account balance. Replace `app/views/home/index.html.erb` with this code:

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-ruby-on-rails-web/main/complete-app/app/views/home/index.html.erb"
lang="erb" />

Next, update the layout so the user has login or logout buttons on every page. Add the below code to `app/views/layouts/application.html.erb` just after the `<body>` tag.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-ruby-on-rails-web/main/complete-app/app/views/layouts/application.html.erb"
lang="erb"
tags="applicationLayout"/>

Finally, add a form and messaging for making change at `app/views/make_change/index.html.erb`:

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-ruby-on-rails-web/main/complete-app/app/views/make_change/index.html.erb"
lang="erb" />

### Add Styling

Now, add some image assets and styling to make this look like a real application with the following shell commands:

```shell
curl -o app/assets/images/example_bank_logo.svg https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-ruby-on-rails-web/main/complete-app/app/assets/images/example_bank_logo.svg
curl -o app/assets/images/fusion_auth_logo.svg https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-ruby-on-rails-web/main/complete-app/app/assets/images/fusion_auth_logo.svg
curl -o app/assets/images/money.jpg https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-ruby-on-rails-web/main/complete-app/app/assets/images/money.jpg
curl -o app/assets/stylesheets/changebank.css https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-ruby-on-rails-web/main/complete-app/app/assets/stylesheets/changebank.css
```

Once you’ve created these files, you can test the application out.

## Run the App

Start up the Rails application using this command:

<RemoteValue
  url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-ruby-on-rails-web/main/kickstart/kickstart.json"
  selector="$.requests.[?(@.url === '/api/application/#{applicationId}')].body.application.oauthConfiguration.clientSecret">
  {(value) => <Code lang="shell" code={`OP_SECRET_KEY="${value}" bundle exec rails s`} />}
</RemoteValue>

`OP_SECRET_KEY` is the client secret, which was defined by the [FusionAuth Installation via Docker](#run-fusionauth-via-docker) step. You don't want to commit secrets like this to version control, so use an environment variable.

You can now open up an incognito window and visit the Rails app at http://localhost:3000 . Log in with the user account you created when setting up FusionAuth, and you’ll see the email of the user next to a logout button.

<QuickstartTshirtCTA/>

## Next Steps

<NextSteps>
  <Fragment slot="security">
    <li>[OmniAuth OpenIDConnect](https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth) handles token validation and refresh.</li>
  </Fragment>
</NextSteps>

## Troubleshooting

* I get `This site can’t be reached  localhost refused to connect.` when I click the Login button

Ensure FusionAuth is running in the Docker container.  You should be able to login as the admin user, <code><RemoteValue url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-ruby-on-rails-web/main/kickstart/kickstart.json" selector="$.variables.adminEmail" /></code> with a password of <code><RemoteValue url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-ruby-on-rails-web/main/kickstart/kickstart.json" selector="$.variables.adminPassword" /></code> at [http://localhost:9011/admin](http://localhost:9011/admin).

* I get an error page when I click on the Login button with message of `"error_reason" : "invalid_client_id"`

Ensure the value for `config.x.fusionauth.client_id` in the file `config/environments/development.rb` matches client Id configured in FusionAuth for the Example App Application at [http://localhost:9011/admin/application/](http://localhost:9011/admin/application/).

* I'm getting an error from Rails after logging in

```
Rack::OAuth2::Client::Error
invalid_client :: Invalid client authentication credentials.
```

This indicates that OmniAuth is unable to call FusionAuth to validate the returned token.  It is likely caused because of an incorrect client secret.  Ensure the `OP_SECRET_KEY` environment variable used to start rails matches the FusionAuth ExampleApp client secret. You can review that by logging in as the admin user and examining the Application at [http://localhost:9011/admin/application/](http://localhost:9011/admin/application/)

* It still doesn't work

You can always pull down a complete running application and compare what's different.

<RemoteValue
  url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-ruby-on-rails-web/main/kickstart/kickstart.json"
  selector="$.requests.[?(@.url === '/api/application/#{applicationId}')].body.application.oauthConfiguration.clientSecret">
  {(value) => (
    <Code lang="shell" code={`git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-ruby-on-rails-web.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-ruby-on-rails-web
docker compose up -d
cd complete-app
bundle install
OP_SECRET_KEY=${value} bundle exec rails s`}/>
  )}
</RemoteValue>

# Rust with Actix

import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import RemoteValue from 'src/components/RemoteValue/RemoteValue.astro';
import Intro from '/src/components/quickstarts/Intro.astro';
import {Content as LoginArchitectureWeb} from '/src/components/quickstarts/LoginArchitectureWeb.mdx';
import DockerSpinup from '/src/components/quickstarts/DockerSpinup.astro';
import NextSteps from '/src/components/quickstarts/NextSteps.astro';


<Intro technology="Rust and Actix"
       repositoryUrl="https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-rust-actix-web"/>

While this article uses {frontmatter.framework}, the {frontmatter.language} OAuth2 library can also be used in your preferred framework, such as Rocket or Axum.

## Prerequisites

For this quickstart, you'll need:

* [Docker](https://www.docker.com) version 20 or later, which is the quickest way to start FusionAuth. (There are [other ways](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/).)
* [{frontmatter.language}](https://rustup.rs/#) and Cargo version 1.7 or later.
* You may also need to install `pkg-config` and `libssl-dev` if they are not already installed on your system.

## General Architecture

<LoginArchitectureWeb />

## Getting Started

Start with getting FusionAuth up and running and creating a new {frontmatter.framework} application.

### Clone The Code

First, grab the code from the repository and change to that folder.

```shell
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-rust-actix-web.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-rust-actix-web
mkdir your-application
```

All shell commands in this guide can be entered in a terminal in this folder. On Windows, you need to replace forward slashes with backslashes in paths.

All the files you'll create in this guide already exist in the `complete-application` subfolder, if you prefer to copy them to `your-application`.

### Run FusionAuth Via Docker

<DockerSpinup kickstartUri={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} />

### The Basic {frontmatter.framework} Application

While this guide builds a new {frontmatter.framework} project, you can use the same method to integrate your existing project with FusionAuth.


<Aside type="note">
  If you only want to run the application and not create your own, there is a completed version in the `complete-application` directory. You can use the following commands to get it up and running.

  ```shell
  cd complete-application
  cargo run
  ```

  View the application at http://localhost:9012.
</Aside>

From here on, you'll work in the `your-application` directory. Install the dependencies for the web server with the code below.

```bash
cd your-application
cargo init
cargo add actix-web@4 
cargo add actix-files@0.6.2 
cargo add actix-session@0.8.0 --features cookie-session 
cargo add dotenv@0.15.0 
cargo add handlebars@4.5 --features dir_source 
cargo add oauth2@4.4.2 
cargo add reqwest@0.11 --features json
cargo add serde@1.0 --features derive
```

Add the following code to your `src/main.rs` file.

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/src/main.rs"}
  lang="rust" />

The `main` function configures the web server, adds routes to it, and starts it. The function also:

- Uses `dotenv` to allow you to call any values from the `.env` file later in the application.
- Uses private same-site cookies to store the user's email when logged in. {frontmatter.framework} does not provide an anti-CSRF token as they [believe same-site cookies render it unnecessary](https://github.com/actix/actix-web/issues/147).
- Adds routes from the main file to the server, and some authentication routes, which you'll add in the next section.
- Enables the Handlebars library to provide HTML templates.

The remainder of this main file is three routes: index, account, and change. They each check if the user's email is in the HTTP request cookie (meaning the user is logged in), and display an HTML template. The account and change routes send the user's email to the template.

The change route is more complicated. It has two versions: one for GET and one for POST. The POST version checks the request's form to extract a dollar amount, then calls `calculate_change` to convert the dollars to nickels and pennies, and returns them in the state to the Handlebars template.

## Authentication

Authentication in {frontmatter.language} is managed by [OAuth2](https://docs.rs/oauth2/latest/oauth2/).

Create the file `.env` in the `your-application` directory and insert the following lines.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/.env"}/>

This tells {frontmatter.framework} where to find and connect to FusionAuth.

Authentication is handled by `src/auth.rs`. Create that file now and insert the following code.

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/src/auth.rs"}
  lang="rust" />

This code has three routes: `login`, `logout`, and `callback`.

- `logout` clears the user's session and returns them to the home page.
- `login` uses `get_oauth_client` to read your variables from the `.env` file and get a new client that constructs a URL to call FusionAuth, then redirects the user to that URL.
- `callback` does most of the work. The user is returned to `callback` after logging in with FusionAuth. The function checks that the PKCE challenge is correct, retrieves the access token, and makes a final call to FusionAuth to get the user's email, which it stores in the session. Now the application considers the user logged in.

{frontmatter.framework} automatically links the user's session to their browser by returning a cookie for the site, which is then included in every subsequent request.

Now that `callback` has set a cookie, you can see how authentication on the other pages is tested. The application:

- Sends the user to the account page if they already have a login cookie on the home page.
- Sends the user to the home page if they are not logged in on the account page.

## Customization

With authentication done, the last task is to create example pages that a user can browse.

### CSS And HTML

Create a `static` directory within `your-application` directory.

```shell
mkdir static
```

Copy images from the example app.

```shell
cp ../complete-application/static/money.jpg static/money.jpg
cp ../complete-application/static/changebank.svg static/changebank.svg
```

Create a stylesheet file `static/changebank.css` and add the following code to it.

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/static/changebank.css"}
  lang="css"/>

Next, create a `templates` directory within `your-application`. Create three pages inside the `templates` directory. First create the home page, `index.html`, and paste the following code into it.

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/templates/index.html"}
  lang="html"/>

The index page contains nothing to note except a link to the login page `<a href="/login">`.

Next, create an `account.html` page and paste the following code into it.

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/templates/account.html"}
  lang="html"/>

The account page displays the user's email from FusionAuth with `<p class="header-email">{{email}}</p>`.

The account page is only visible to logged in users. If a session email is not found, the user is redirected to login.

Finally, create a `change.html` page and paste the following code into it.

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/templates/change.html"}
  lang="html"/>

The HTML at the bottom of the file displays a blank form when the page first loads (GET) or the result of the calculation when returning (POST).

## Run The Application

Run your application.

```bash
cargo run
```

Browse to the app at http://localhost:9012. Log in using <code><RemoteValue url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} selector="$.variables.userEmail" /></code> and <code><RemoteValue url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} selector="$.variables.userPassword" /></code>. The change page allows you to enter a number. If you don't log in, you won't be able to access the change or account pages.

## Next Steps

<NextSteps />

### {frontmatter.language} Authentication

- [Rust OAuth provider](https://docs.rs/oauth2/latest/oauth2/)
- [Actix](https://actix.rs/)

## Troubleshooting

- I get "This site can’t be reached localhost refused to connect" when I click the login button.

Ensure FusionAuth is running in the Docker container. You should be able to log in as the admin user <code><RemoteValue url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} selector="$.variables.adminEmail" /></code> with the password <code><RemoteValue url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} selector="$.variables.adminPassword" /></code> at [http://localhost:9011/admin](http://localhost:9011/admin).

- It still doesn't work.

You can always pull down a complete running application and compare what's different.

```shell
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-rust-actix-web.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-rust-actix-web
docker compose up
cd complete-application
cargo run
```

Browse to the app at http://localhost:9012.

# WordPress

import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from '/src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import DockerSpinup from '/src/components/quickstarts/DockerSpinup.astro';
import Field from '/src/components/Field.astro';
import InlineField from '/src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from '/src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import Intro from '/src/components/quickstarts/Intro.astro';
import {Content as LoginArchitectureWeb} from '/src/components/quickstarts/LoginArchitectureWeb.mdx';
import NextSteps from '/src/components/quickstarts/NextSteps.astro';
import QuickstartTshirtCTA from '/src/components/quickstarts/QuickstartTshirtCTA.astro'
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';

<Intro technology="WordPress"
       repositoryUrl="https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-wordpress-web"/>

## Prerequisites

For this Quickstart, you'll need:

* [Docker](https://www.docker.com) 20 or later, which is the quickest way to start FusionAuth. (There are [other ways](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/).)

## General Architecture

<LoginArchitectureWeb />

## Getting Started

In this section, you'll get FusionAuth up and running and create a new WordPress application.

### Clone The Code

First, clone the code from the repository and change into that directory.

```shell
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-quickstart-wordpress-web.git
cd fusionauth-quickstart-wordpress-web
```

All shell commands in this guide can be entered in a terminal in this directory. On Windows, you need to replace forward slashes with backslashes in paths.

If you prefer to copy the files you'll create in this guide, they already exist in the `complete-application` directory.

### Run FusionAuth Via Docker

<DockerSpinup kickstartUri={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/kickstart/kickstart.json"} />

### Create A Basic WordPress Application

Next, you'll set up a basic WordPress site. While this guide builds a new WordPress project, you can use the same method to integrate your existing project with FusionAuth.

<Aside type="note">
  If you simply want to run the application, there is a completed version in the `complete-application` directory. You
  can use the following commands to get it up and running if you do not want to create your own.

  ```shell
  cd complete-application
  docker compose up
  ```

  Then view the application at the following URL http://localhost:3000.
</Aside>

### Preliminary Setup

Browse to http://localhost:3000. It should automatically redirect you to http://localhost:3000/wp-admin/install.php, as this is a brand-new site.

Choose "English (United States)" and click <InlineUIElement>Continue</InlineUIElement>.

On the next page:

- Set <Field label="Site Title"/> to `Change Bank`.
- Set <Field label="Username"/> to `admin` and <Field label="Password"/> to `password`.
- Enable <Field label="Confirm use of weak password"/>.
- Set <Field label="Your Email"/> to `admin@example.com`.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Install WordPress</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/quickstarts/quickstart-wordpress-web/wp-welcome.png" alt="Wordpress configuration"/>

On the success page, click <InlineUIElement>Log In</InlineUIElement>. On the login page, enter the username `admin` and password `password` and click <InlineUIElement>Log In</InlineUIElement>. (You can return to this page later by browsing to http://localhost:3000/wp-login.php.)

### Create Placeholder Pages

Before you do any FusionAuth work, you'll create three placeholder pages:
- A home page that anonymous users can see.
- A make change page that only logged in users can see.
- An account page that only logged in users can see.

Under <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Permalinks</Breadcrumb>, change <Field label="Permalink structure"/> to `Post name` and click <InlineUIElement>Save Changes</InlineUIElement>. This sets page URLs to be more human-readable than the default numbered URLs.

<img src="/img/quickstarts/quickstart-wordpress-web/permalink.png" alt="Permalinks"/>

To add the placeholder pages, first delete the default pages:

- Click <Breadcrumb>Pages</Breadcrumb> in the sidebar.
- Select the two existing sample pages.
- On the <InlineUIElement>Bulk Actions</InlineUIElement> dropdown, select <InlineUIElement>Move to Trash</InlineUIElement> and click <InlineUIElement>Apply</InlineUIElement>.

Now create new blank pages:

- Click <InlineUIElement>Add New</InlineUIElement>.
- Under <Field label="Add Title"/> enter `Home`.
- Under <Breadcrumb>Page</Breadcrumb> on the far right, view the <Field label="Template"/> field and modify it. Do so by clicking <InlineUIElement>Pages</InlineUIElement>, and select <InlineUIElement>Blank</InlineUIElement> on the dropdown.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Publish</InlineUIElement>, confirm, and note the URL has been updated to one you can browse to.
- Click the <InlineUIElement>WP</InlineUIElement> icon on the top left to return to the pages screen.
- Repeat these steps to create and publish two more pages, one with the title `Account` and one with the title `Change`.

You now have three blank pages.

<img src="/img/quickstarts/quickstart-wordpress-web/home.png" alt="Add page"/>

Browse to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Reading</Breadcrumb>. Change <Field label="Your homepage displays"/> to `A static page` and under <Field label="Homepage"/> select `Home`. Save your changes. Now http://localhost:3000 points to your homepage.

<img src="/img/quickstarts/quickstart-wordpress-web/reading.png" alt="Homepage"/>

Finally, browse to <Breadcrumb>Appearance -> Editor -> Templates -> Blank</Breadcrumb>. Here you are editing the page style template for all three of your new pages. Click on the paragraph (`This is the Post Content block ...`) twice to select it. Open the settings menu by clicking the <InlineUIElement>Settings</InlineUIElement> icon to the right of the blue <InlineUIElement>Save</InlineUIElement> button on the top right. On the <Breadcrumb>Block</Breadcrumb> tab and under the <InlineUIElement>Layout</InlineUIElement> section, disable <InlineUIElement>Inner blocks use content width</InlineUIElement>. Click <InlineUIElement>Save</InlineUIElement> and confirm. This changes each page to use the full browser width.

<img src="/img/quickstarts/quickstart-wordpress-web/blank-template.png" alt="Full width setting"/>

## Authentication

You now have a basic WordPress site with three blank pages. Currently, a user authenticates against the Wordpress user database. Next, you will enable WordPress to use FusionAuth for authentication so that your users can use the same FusionAuth login credentials with this site as any future sites you make or other applications.

On the WordPress dashboard, click <Breadcrumb>Plugins -> Add new</Breadcrumb>. In the search box on the right, paste "OpenID Connect Generic Client". On the first plugin in the results, by daggerhart, click <InlineUIElement>Install Now</InlineUIElement>, then <InlineUIElement>Activate</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/quickstarts/quickstart-wordpress-web/oidc-plugin.png" alt="Add a plugin"/>

Browse to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Open ID Connect Client</Breadcrumb> and enter the following settings:

- <Field label="Client ID"/> - `E9FDB985-9173-4E01-9D73-AC2D60D1DC8E`
- <Field label="Client Secret Key"/> - `super-secret-secret-that-should-be-regenerated-for-production`
- <Field label="OpenID Scope"/> - `openid email profile`
- <Field label="Login Endpoint URL"/> - `http://localhost:9011/oauth2/authorize`
- <Field label="Userinfo Endpoint URL"/> - `http://fusionauth:9011/oauth2/userinfo`
- <Field label="Token Validation Endpoint URL"/> - `http://fusionauth:9011/oauth2/token`
- <Field label="End Session Endpoint URL"/> - `http://localhost:9011/oauth2/logout`
- <Field label="Nickname Key"/> - `sub`
- <Field label="Display Name Formatting"/> - `{email}` (this is what will be displayed to the user in the WordPress admin screen)
- Enable <InlineUIElement>Link Existing Users</InlineUIElement> - this marks a user in your local WordPress database who has the same email in FusionAuth as the same user, instead of duplicating them.

<Aside>
  Requests from the browser will use the endpoint `http://localhost:9011` to communicate with the FusionAuth container
  whilst for container to container communication the internal network name for the FusionAuth container specified in
  docker compose is `fusionauth` so the endpoint `http://fusionauth:9011` is used.
</Aside>

Click <InlineUIElement>Save Changes</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/quickstarts/quickstart-wordpress-web/oidc-config.png" alt="Configure FusionAuth"/>

Now if you browse to http://localhost:3000/wp-login.php, you can click <InlineUIElement>Login with OpenID Connect</InlineUIElement> and log in on FusionAuth with email `richard@example.com` and password `password`.


### Prevent Default Login

For a simpler user experience, you can remove the option to log in with WordPress. This is an optional step.

Open a terminal and run the following command to overwrite the default `wp-login.php` file.

```shell
docker cp ./complete-application/wp-login.php fusionauth-quickstart-wordpress-web-wordpress-1:/var/www/html/wp-login.php
```

The new file starts commenting out the login form on line 1424 with `<!--`, and ends the comment on line 1504 with `-->`.

Now http://localhost:3000/wp-login.php looks much neater.

### Restrict Pages To Logged In Users

Currently, if you log out, you can still browse to the pages that should be restricted, like `http://localhost:3000/account`. Let's prevent that.

At <Breadcrumb>Plugins -> Add New</Breadcrumb>, search for "simple page access restriction" and install and activate the one by Plugins & Snippets. Browse to the plugin settings in the sidebar. Set the following values:

- <Field label="Login Redirect Type"/> - "URL".
- <Field label="Login Redirect URL"/> - `http://localhost:3000/wp-login.php`.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Save Changes</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/quickstarts/quickstart-wordpress-web/page-restrict.png" alt="Restrict pages"/>

Back in <Breadcrumb>Pages</Breadcrumb>, for both the account and change pages, click <InlineUIElement>Edit</InlineUIElement>, enable <InlineUIElement>For Logged-In Users Only</InlineUIElement> at the bottom right, and click <InlineUIElement>Update</InlineUIElement>. Now if you log out and browse to either page, you won't be able to view it.

<img src="/img/quickstarts/quickstart-wordpress-web/for-logged-in.png" alt="Page settings"/>

### Send User To Account After Log In

The final improvement you can make to the login process is to send the user directly to their account page instead of the dashboard after login.

Search for and install the plugin "Remove Dashboard Access" by TrustedLogin.

Browse to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Dashboard Access</Breadcrumb>. Change the value of <Field label="Redirect URL"/> to `http://localhost:3000/account`. Click <InlineUIElement>Save Changes</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/quickstarts/quickstart-wordpress-web/dash-access.png" alt="Page settings"/>

Now if you log out and log in as `richard@example.com`, who is not an administrator, you'll be redirected to the account page. Log in again as `admin@example.com` to continue editing the site.

## Customization

You now have everything you need to configure FusionAuth authentication on your site. To complete this demonstration application, you'll add some content to the three blank pages. There are many ways to create custom pages on WordPress, including:

- Editing the theme.
- Making a child theme and editing that.
- Adding new template files for each page.
- Making custom shortcodes.
- Making custom blocks.
- Making custom plugins.

The easiest way to demonstrate the ChangeBank sample pages is to paste custom content into a plugin, but note that is not the most maintainable solution for a real site. If your site is large or complex, take the time to study custom themes and create your own.

For now, search for and add the plugin "WP Coder" by WPCoder.

### Add An Image

Browse to <Breadcrumb>Media</Breadcrumb> in the sidebar. Click <InlineUIElement>Add New</InlineUIElement> and select `money.jpg` from the `complete-application` directory.

<img src="/img/quickstarts/quickstart-wordpress-web/media.png" alt="Add image"/>

Click on the image once it has been uploaded. Copy the "File URL" to use later. It should look like `http://localhost:3000/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/money.jpg`.

### Add Custom Page Shortcodes

You'll now create three shortcodes with the HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for each page.

Browse to <Breadcrumb>WP Coder</Breadcrumb>. Click <InlineUIElement>Add New</InlineUIElement>. In the title box at the top, enter `home`. In the <Field label="HTML Code"/> box, copy and paste the following code.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/home.html"}
            lang="html"/>

In the `<img src` at the bottom of this code, enter the file URL for the money image you uploaded.

Click the <Breadcrumb>CSS</Breadcrumb> tab, and paste the following code.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/changebank.css"}
            lang="css"/>

Click <InlineUIElement>Save Changes</InlineUIElement>.

Browse to <Breadcrumb>WP Coder</Breadcrumb>. Click <InlineUIElement>Add New</InlineUIElement>. In the title box at the top, enter `account`. In the <Field label="HTML Code"/> box, copy and paste the following code.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/account.html"}
            lang="html"/>

Click the <Breadcrumb>CSS</Breadcrumb> tab, and paste the following code.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/changebank.css"}
            lang="css"/>

Click <InlineUIElement>Save Changes</InlineUIElement>.

Browse to <Breadcrumb>WP Coder</Breadcrumb>. Click <InlineUIElement>Add New</InlineUIElement>. In the title box at the top, enter `change`. In the <Field label="HTML Code"/> box, copy and paste the following code.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/change.html"}
            lang="html"/>

Click the <Breadcrumb>CSS</Breadcrumb> tab, and paste the following code.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/changebank.css"}
            lang="css"/>

Click on the <Breadcrumb>JS</Breadcrumb> tab, and paste the following code.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/complete-application/change.js"}
            lang="js"/>

Click <InlineUIElement>Save Changes</InlineUIElement>.

In the list tab of the WP Coder plugin, you can see the shortcodes of each page, like `[wp_code id="1"]`. You'll use these codes to link the custom code to the actual page.

### Add Email Shortcode Plugin

Add the plugin "Snippet Shortcodes" by Ali Colville. This plugin enables the shortcode `[sv slug="sc-user-email"]`, which you might have noticed in the HTML of the account and change pages. The shortcode displays the user's email on the page.

### Add The Shortcodes To The Pages

Now you can use these shortcodes on the three pages. Browse to <Breadcrumb>Pages</Breadcrumb> and edit the account page. Click the hamburger menu at the top right and select <InlineUIElement>Code editor</InlineUIElement>. In the text box under the page title box, copy and paste the shortcode associated with account page which should look like `[wp_code id="2"]` and click <InlineUIElement>Update</InlineUIElement>.

Go back to the page list and edit the home page. Paste `[wp_code id="1"]` and click <InlineUIElement>Update</InlineUIElement>.

Edit the change page, paste `[wp_code id="3"]`, and click <InlineUIElement>Update</InlineUIElement>.

Each of your previously blank pages now displays the custom HTML and CSS you added to the WP Coder custom shortcodes.

## Run The Application

The demonstration application is now complete. Log out. Verify that you can't browse to the [account page](http://localhost:3000/account). Log in using `richard@example.com` and `password`. The make change page will allow you to enter a dollar amount to see how many nickels and pennies you will get.

<QuickstartTshirtCTA/>

## Next Steps

<NextSteps />

## Troubleshooting

* I get "This site can’t be reached localhost refused to connect" when I click the login button.

Ensure FusionAuth is running in the Docker container. You should be able to log in as the admin user `admin@example.com` with a password of `password` at [http://localhost:9011/admin](http://localhost:9011/admin).

* I get "Your browser sent a request that this server could not understand. Size of a request header field exceeds server limit".

Open the app in an incognito browser window or clear your browser cache and cookies data.

* `docker compose` command is not found.

Ensure you have the latest version of Docker, or try `docker-compose` instead. If on Linux, install `docker.ce` instead of `docker.io`.

* It still doesn't work.

Run the following in a terminal.

```shell
cd complete-application
docker compose up
```

Browse to [http://localhost:3000](http://localhost:3000) and log in with `admin@example.com` and `password`.

Now you can look around at the settings and plugins to see how the completed working application differs from yours.

# FusionAuth Cloud

import AccountSectionsOverview from 'src/content/docs/get-started/_account-sections-overview.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import CloudLimits from 'src/content/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/_cloud-limits.mdx';
import CloudUserNote from 'src/content/docs/get-started/_cloud-user-note.mdx';
import DeletingYourAccount from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_deleting-your-account.mdx';
import EnterprisePlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_enterprise-plan-blurb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import LoadTestingIntro from 'src/content/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/_load-testing-intro.mdx';
import LoadTestingTips from 'src/content/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/_load-testing-tips.mdx';
import SettingUpPortalAccount from 'src/content/docs/get-started/_setting-up-portal-account.mdx';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

FusionAuth Cloud is an entirely managed FusionAuth instance in the cloud. As the owner of that server, you have complete access to the administrative user interface and can create API keys and manage the instance via client libraries or APIs. But you have no access to the servers or networks where the instance runs.

With FusionAuth Cloud, you create "deployments".
A deployment is a FusionAuth instance, a database, a search application, and all the necessary networking configuration to connect your FusionAuth deployment to the internet.

You can create as many deployments as you want and tear them down when you do not need them. You pay only for the time each deployment is running.

Every deployment is separated, both logically and physically, from every other deployment.
There is no network path between deployments except over the internet.
There is no shared database or other storage infrastructure.

## Why Use FusionAuth Cloud

FusionAuth Cloud is a fully managed service which can be used for many use cases. Among them:

* Proof of concepts
* FusionAuth trials
* Testing new versions without affecting prod
* Development servers
* High availability production environments

With FusionAuth Cloud, spin up a functioning FusionAuth instance in minutes.
This allows you to get to work testing or integrating with FusionAuth, rather than installing or configuring it.
FusionAuth Cloud is protected by world class security measures and DDoS protections.

If you want to use FusionAuth and hand all the management burden to the team who built it, FusionAuth Cloud is a good choice.

### Supported Geographies

FusionAuth has datacenters in the following locations:

Africa
* South Africa

Asia/Pacific
* Australia
* Singapore
* South Korea

Europe
* France
* Germany
* Ireland
* Sweden
* UK

Middle East
* Bahrain

North America
* Canada
* USA


If none of our current locations meet your needs, please [contact our sales team](/contact) to discuss other options. You can also [download and self-host FusionAuth](/download) if you need data residency in a country not listed above and have the expertise to operate FusionAuth.

## What Does FusionAuth Cloud Cost

For pricing information, visit [the pricing page](/pricing).

### The Pricing Calculator

You can also find the expected cost without creating an account by using the [pricing calculator](https://account.fusionauth.io/price-calculator).
You can choose the hosting option and the deployment region.

Choose a deployment configuration by clicking <InlineUIElement>Add</InlineUIElement> on the <Breadcrumb>Deployments</Breadcrumb> section to get an estimated cost.

![The pricing calculator.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/pricing-calculator.png)

You can modify attributes of your deployment, including the hosting option and the hosting region.
You'll be able to see the total price before you are charged anything. Here's an example of the deployment creation screen.

![Adding a deployment.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/pricing-calculator-add-deployment.png)

## The Account Portal

You can control all aspects of FusionAuth Cloud deployments by logging into the [account portal](https://account.fusionauth.io/).

### Portal Areas

<AccountSectionsOverview/>

<CloudUserNote/>

You can read more about the other portal areas in the [Account Portal](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/reference/account-portal) documentation.

## Setting Up Your Account

<SettingUpPortalAccount incloudinstall="true" />

If you are paying with a credit card, you will receive a payment receipt to the email address you signed up with.
If you need the receipt to go to a different address, you can update details in the <Breadcrumb>Billing</Breadcrumb> tab.
You will also be able to find past invoices there as well.

The following section focuses on deployments and the actions available in the <Breadcrumb>Hosting</Breadcrumb> tab.
Learn more about the [other portal areas here](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/reference/account-portal).

After you have created an account, the next step is to create a deployment.

## Creating a Deployment

As mentioned above, a deployment is a FusionAuth instance that is operated by FusionAuth.
You can create as many deployments as you like.
There are a few steps to getting access to a deployment.

Navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Hosting</Breadcrumb> tab.
If you have no deployments, you will see a screen like this:

![On the Hosting tab with no deployments.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/deployments-tab-no-deployments.png)

Click the <InlineUIElement>Launch Today</InlineUIElement> button to start your first FusionAuth Cloud deployment.

### Billing Issues

If you are on invoice billing, you cannot launch a FusionAuth Cloud deployment.
You'll see a screen like this:

![On the Hosting tab with invoicing set up after trying to launch.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/deployments-tab-invoiced.png)

In this situation, please [file a support ticket](https://account.fusionauth.io/account/support) to modify your billing status or request a new deployment.

### Configuring Your Deployment

In order to create the correct FusionAuth instance, specify attributes of the deployment.

First, select your hosting option: Basic, Business or High-Availability (HA). Each has different features and data durability guarantees.

Then provide a unique hostname for the deployment, such as `piedpiper-dev`.
This hostname will be suffixed with the `fusionauth.io` domain name.
If your plan supports it, you will be able to configure a different hostname, such as `auth.piedpiper.com`.

If you need to reuse an existing hostname or migrate data from an existing deployment, open a [support ticket](https://account.fusionauth.io/account/support/).

Next, choose your FusionAuth version and hosting region. Supported regions include:

* North America
* Europe
* Asia Pacific
* Africa
* Middle East

See [Supported Geographies](#supported-geographies) for the full list of countries in which FusionAuth has data centers.

![Hosting options](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/deployment-hosting-options.png)

If you don't see a region you need, please [contact us](/contact) and let us know what you are looking for.

Within each region, select a geographic area, such as Oregon, USA.
Pick the location that meets your legal and compliance needs and is close to your applications.


You'll see a price at the bottom of the screen. This price will update as you change attributes of your deployment.

When you have your deployment configured as you would like, scroll to the bottom and click <InlineUIElement>Purchase</InlineUIElement> to begin the deployment creation process.
This will also charge your credit card.

![Provisioning purchase section.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/provisioning-purchase.png)

If you do not have a payment method on file, add one in the <Breadcrumb>Billing</Breadcrumb> tab.

<Aside type="note">
  The screenshots above are for a Basic FusionAuth Cloud deployment.

  Different deployments will show different options.
</Aside>


### Deployment Provisioning

Navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Hosting</Breadcrumb> tab to see the new deployment.

The exact duration of the deployment process depends on system load as well as the tier chosen.
Expect your deployment to be available in 5 to 30 minutes.
When the deployment is ready, the link to your deployment will be live and the <Breadcrumb>Hosting</Breadcrumb> tab will look similar to this:

![Hosting tab when the provisioning finished.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/deployments-active.png)

### Accessing the FusionAuth UI

In order to ensure that only authorized users can set up your new deployment, a setup token is required to access the deployment's
administrative user interface. If you navigate directly to the deployment URL, such as `https://piedpiper-dev-ha-may.fusionauth.io`,
you will be prompted to enter an 8-character setup token. This token is available under the <InlineUIElement>Setup status</InlineUIElement> section on the
deployment management screen.

If you access the deployment by clicking on provided URL link, the setup token will be automatically submitted and the Setup
Token screen will be bypassed.

![Hosting tab when the provisioning is finished.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/setup-token-entry.png)

At that point the [Setup Wizard](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/setup) will begin.
You can configure FusionAuth by creating API keys, adding additional users, setting up applications for your users to log in to, or any other task.
The interface will be exactly the same as a self hosted FusionAuth instance.

If new to FusionAuth, you might want to work through the ["Start Here" guide](/docs/get-started/start-here) to gain familiarity.

You'll also want to update various system or tenant level settings.
This includes creating API keys, updating your email host settings and configuring groups and roles.
This guide to [Common configuration](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/setup) is helpful at this point.

<Aside type="caution">
Many infrastructure or network providers don't allow any traffic on port 25.
This includes FusionAuth Cloud.

You cannot connect a FusionAuth Cloud deployment to an SMTP server on port 25. Such a connection will always be blocked. No email will be sent.

Instead, we recommend using one of the TLS ports for SMTP, such as 465 or 587.

FusionAuth will work with any email provider which has a SMTP interface.
</Aside>

## Managing Your Deployments

At any time you can log in to the account portal, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Hosting</Breadcrumb> and manage your deployments.

To add another deployment, click <InlineUIElement>Add Hosting</InlineUIElement>.
You'll go through the same provisioning workflow as above, and end up with another FusionAuth Cloud deployment.

![Launch deployment button](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/deployments-launch-deployment.png)

You can also upgrade or destroy each deployment.
To begin either process, select the menu under <InlineUIElement>Action</InlineUIElement>:

![Manage deployment](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/deployments-manage.png)

## Upgrading a Deployment

If your deployment is not running the latest version of FusionAuth, you may upgrade it.
It is a good idea to run the latest released version of FusionAuth, which has the latest bug fixes, security updates, and features.

However, you will not be forced to upgrade on a certain schedule.
Upgrades are optional and controlled by you.

<Aside type="note">
Upgrade management is only available if the deployment is not currently running the latest released FusionAuth version.
</Aside>

### Upgrade Duration

This upgrade process takes between 5 minutes and 60 minutes of time.
The exact duration of system downtime depends on the type of deployment, amount of data in your system, and database changes required by the version upgrade.

*Table 2. Upgrade Durations in FusionAuth Cloud*

| Hosting Option | Duration of Upgrade | Expected Downtime |
|----------------|---------------------|-------------------|
| Basic Cloud    | 5 to 60 minutes     | 5 to 60 minutes   |
| Business Cloud | 5 to 60 minutes     | 5 to 60 minutes   |
| HA Cloud       | 5 to 60 minutes     | seconds           |

HA systems have significantly lower downtime during an upgrade because the system has two or more nodes. They are upgraded one at a time and can continue to receive traffic during the upgrade.

### Upgrade Considerations

Consult the [relevant release notes](/docs/release-notes/) for functional changes.
Such changes may require updates or modifications to your code, whether to take advantage of new features or, occasionally, to handle changes in FusionAuth functionality.

Due to the downtime, it is recommended that you schedule the upgrade for a low traffic period.
Test the upgrade process on development or test servers first.

<Aside type="note">
The upgrade process described in this section updates the version of FusionAuth.

If you are looking to modify other attributes of your deployment, such as the region it is running in, the deployment size, or the service tier, review the [Modifying Deployments](#modifying-deployments) section.
</Aside>

### Upgrade Process

To upgrade a deployment from version `1.x-1` to version `1.x`:

* Test `1.x` on a staging or development environment.
* Select a time that works for your users, your team, and your applications.
* [Log into your account](https://account.fusionauth.io/).
* Record the time you began the upgrade.
* Navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Hosting</Breadcrumb> tab. Manage the deployment, then choose the <InlineUIElement>Upgrade</InlineUIElement> option. Select `1.x` from the <InlineField>Version</InlineField> dropdown.
* Confirm you want to start the upgrade.

![Upgrading a deployment](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/deployments-upgrade-confirm.png)

* After confirmation, the deployment will be in an "Upgrading" state until finished. Monitor the upgrade by viewing the <Breadcrumb>Hosting</Breadcrumb> tab. To programmatically monitor the upgrade, call the [System Status API](/docs/apis/system#retrieve-system-status).
* The upgrade to version `1.x` is complete when the user interface deployment has a status of "Active", or when the System Status API returns success.

<Aside type="caution">
You cannot downgrade a FusionAuth Cloud deployment version.

Please test upgrades before performing them on your production system.
</Aside>

### Rolling Back From a Problematic Upgrade

If an upgrade is problematic, and you identify the issue during the timeframe of your plan's backup retention period, open a [support ticket](https://account.fusionauth.io/account/support/) to restore your data to the previous version.

In the support ticket, please provide:

* The version from which you were upgrading. This will be the version of your restored instance.
* The approximate time the upgrade began, including timezone, so that the correct backup can be restored.

For Business and High Availability deployments, backups from an upgrade are available for 30 days. For Basic deployments, no backups are available.

Both production and non-production environments can be rolled back if on a plan with backups.

Production rollbacks will be treated the same as a production outage.

Non-production rollbacks will be completed within two business days, and will be handled during normal FusionAuth business hours (9am-5pm Mountain time, Monday-Friday). Non-production rollbacks will not be treated as a production outage.

All rollbacks will have data loss; the amount of data loss depends on when the upgrade began and when the rollback was requested.

## Destroying a Deployment

If you have a FusionAuth deployment and want to delete it, do so by [logging into your account](https://account.fusionauth.io/).

<Aside type="caution">
Before destroying a deployment, ensure you back up your user data and configuration. You can retrieve your configuration using the APIs.

See [Accessing User Data](#accessing-user-data) for more about retrieving user data and passwords.

For Business and High Availability deployments, FusionAuth will retain a backup for a maximum of 30 days.

For Basic deployments, no backups are available.
</Aside>

Navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Hosting</Breadcrumb> tab.
Click the <InlineUIElement>Action</InlineUIElement> button.
Choose the <InlineUIElement>Delete</InlineUIElement> option.

![Begin the process of destroying a deployment.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/deployments-prepare-destroy.png)

You will be prompted to confirm your decision.

![Confirming the deployment destruction.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/delete-deployment-confirm.png)

After confirmation, the deployment will transition to the "Destroying" state.

![The deployment is being destroyed.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/deployments-destroying.png)

After the deployment is completely removed, it will have a "Destroyed" state on the <Breadcrumb>Hosting</Breadcrumb> tab.
At this point you will no longer be charged for this deployment.

If you configured [custom domains](#custom-domains), remove the DNS records you added.

## Migrating Data From a Deployment

FusionAuth can be run in a variety of environments, but you may want to migrate between them because:

* You want to let the FusionAuth team operate your auth server.
* You started out in FusionAuth Cloud but now want to run the software on internal systems for performance, compliance or control.
* You started out running FusionAuth locally for cost reasons, but now have launched and want to have someone else run it for you.

You can migrate the user data FusionAuth holds for you in a number of ways:

* From a self-hosted FusionAuth instance to a FusionAuth Cloud deployment.
* From a FusionAuth Cloud deployment to a self-hosted FusionAuth instance.
* From a different auth provider into FusionAuth.
* Away from FusionAuth to a different auth provider.

If you want to retrieve your user data from FusionAuth Cloud in order to migrate to a different auth provider, see [Accessing User Data](#accessing-user-data). To retrieve user data from a self-hosted FusionAuth instance, query the database.

### Migrating From A Different Auth Provider

If you are interested in migrating to FusionAuth from an auth system other than FusionAuth, check out the [Migration Guide](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/).

### Migrating To FusionAuth Cloud

To migrate from a self-hosted instance to FusionAuth Cloud:

* You must be running PostgreSQL. If you are running MySQL, please migrate to a PostgreSQL database locally. Here's a [forum post on how to do this](/community/forum/topic/985/migrating-from-mysql-to-postgresql). This has been provided by the community and is not supported nor endorsed by FusionAuth.
* Export your FusionAuth database to a file. When you run the `pg_dump` command, please use the following options: `--format=c` and `--compress 9` to minimize the file size.
* Encrypt the export file with a symmetric solution such as gpg.
* Purchase a FusionAuth Cloud deployment that meets your needs. Select the version of FusionAuth that is the same as your local installation. You will be able to upgrade FusionAuth later; see [Upgrading a Deployment](#upgrading-a-deployment) for more.
* [Open a support ticket](https://account.fusionauth.io/account/support/) and provide the database export file, the version of PostgreSQL you are running, and the name of the new FusionAuth deployment.
* Provide the password for the database export through another channel. You can mention the channel you'd prefer in the support ticket. Slack, email and a separate support ticket are all options.

Within 1-2 business days, we will upload your data to your FusionAuth Cloud deployment.

After your data is uploaded, upgrade your deployment to any subsequent FusionAuth version, if desired. See [Upgrading a Deployment](#upgrading-a-deployment) for more.

*Table 3. Migration checklist*

| Done? | Task                                                                                                       |
|-------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|       | Confirmed running Postgres for local instance.                                                             |
|       | Found FusionAuth version for local instance.                                                               |
|       | Created a new deployment. Instructions: [Creating a Deployment](#creating-a-deployment).                   |
|       | Ensured the FusionAuth Cloud deployment and the local instance are running the same version of FusionAuth. |
|       | Communicated the version of Postgres used in the export file.                                              |
|       | Encrypted the database export.                                                                             |
|       | Provided the decryption password via a separate communication channel.                                     |


### Migrating Away From FusionAuth Cloud

To migrate from FusionAuth Cloud to a self-hosted instance, please request a database export, as documented in [Accessing User Data](#accessing-user-data).
After you have the data, install it in a PostgreSQL database and configure your self-hosted instance to point to that database.

Ensure your self-hosted instance uses the same FusionAuth and database versions as those used by your Cloud deployment.
You can view your FusionAuth version in the administrative user interface.

To find your deployment's database version:

* If you are running a version of FusionAuth before 1.30.2, [open a support ticket](https://account.fusionauth.io/account/support).
* If running a version >= 1.30.2, navigate to <Breadcrumb>System -> About</Breadcrumb> to view the version.

Once you've tested your self-hosted installation, destroy your FusionAuth Cloud deployment as outlined in [Destroying a Deployment](#destroying-a-deployment).

## Modifying Deployments

Modifying certain aspects of a deployment, such as the region, requires assistance from the FusionAuth team.
This is in contrast with upgrading the version of FusionAuth your deployment is running, which is a self-serve operation described in [Upgrading a Deployment](#upgrading-a-deployment).

Please open a [support ticket](https://account.fusionauth.io/account/support/) to change any of the following attributes of your deployment:

* the type (basic, business, or high availability)
* the region or geographic location
* the size of each compute node
* the number of compute nodes
* your database size and class
* the hostname
* any database redundancy attributes

These changes are typically handled in 1-2 business days, and in certain contexts may require changes to your billing/contract.

### Data Integrity

A common question is: "will I lose any data when migrating between tiers, region, size, or hostname?"

When performing any change which requires modifying cloud infrastructure, the cloud database is backed up, and then reconnected to the new infrastructure.

No data loss should occur and your configuration will be preserved.

## Custom Domains

<YouTube id="vozW88qjfXU" />

<Aside type="note">
If you are an Enterprise customer with a High Availability cloud deployment and require more than your current allotment of custom domains, you are eligible for an upgrade to [Unlimited Custom Domains](#unlimited-custom-domains).
</Aside>

If you are on a supported deployment and want a custom domain name such as `auth.piediper.com`, it is entirely self service.
The number of custom domain names you can have depends on the type of deployment.

First, log into your account portal.
Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Hosting</Breadcrumb>.
Then, choose the <InlineUIElement>Action</InlineUIElement> dropdown and select <InlineUIElement>Custom URL(s)</InlineUIElement>.

![Navigating to the custom URLs domain entry screen.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/custom-url-action.png)

If you have existing custom URLs, you'll see them here.
To add one, click <InlineUIElement>Update custom URL(s)</InlineUIElement>.

![The custom URLs list screen.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/custom-url-update.png)

Add the domain names to <InlineField>Custom domains</InlineField> field; for example, `auth.piedpiper.com`.
Confirm you want the change by entering the text `CONFIRM` in the <InlineField>Confirm</InlineField> text field.
Then click <InlineUIElement>Submit</InlineUIElement>.

![Adding custom URLs.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/custom-url-add-domains.png)

You'll be sent to a verification screen.
This screen will update as the proper DNS records and other infrastructure are created.

![Pending verification instructions screen.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/custom-url-verification-instructions.png)

After a few minutes, you'll be shown a set of records which you'll have to add to your DNS. Once validated, the status will move to `Issued`. No further action is required at this point.

![Pending verification custom URL is in a pending state.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/custom-url-issued.png)

### Updating with Existing Custom Domain(s)

It is common to have one custom domain already associated with your deployment, such as `auth.piedpiper.com`, and need to add another domain, such as `second-auth.piedpiper.com` without affecting the first domain. The ability to add multiple domains is only available on HA Cloud deployments.

You can update the custom domains for your deployment by navigating to the same page where you first added them. Note that updating the custom domains for a deployment is a _replacement_ operation. Any domains not included in the form will be deleted.

![Replacing custom URLs.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/custom-url-replace-domains.png)

Setting up `auth.piedpiper.com` created two records in your DNS provider:

* **A Validation Record CNAME** - adding this CNAME to your DNS authorizes FusionAuth Cloud to use `auth.piedpiper.com`

`[random-value].auth.piedpiper.com. CNAME [random-value].acm-validations.aws.`

* **A Vanity URL CNAME** - this CNAME will actually route traffic from `https://auth.piedpiper.com` to your FusionAuth deployment, `https://piedpiperdeployment.fusionauth.io`

`auth.piedpiper.com CNAME [uuid].durable.fusionauth.io` or `auth.piedpiper.com CNAME piedpiperdeployment.fusionauth.io`

FusionAuth Cloud will display these same two records, as well as additional sets of two records for each custom domain requested.

Best practice is to:

1. Add the vanity URL CNAMEs.
2. Wait for DNS propagation to occur.
3. Add the validation record CNAMEs.

This ensures users will always be able to access your FusionAuth deployment at the original `auth.piedpiper.com` domain, even as you add subsequent custom domains (`second-auth.piedpiper.com`, for instance). Until the changes are confirmed in DNS, the state will remain `Issued with Updated Pending`. Once the DNS records are added and verification is complete, the status will return to `Issued`.

![Pending verification custom URL is in a issued state.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/custom-url-issued-with-pending.png)

#### What is a Durable FusionAuth CNAME?

If you have an existing custom domain, you might have an existing vanity URL with a CNAME similar to this: `auth.piedpiper.com CNAME piedpiper-deployment-prod.fusionauth.io`

You may notice FusionAuth Cloud now supports a `[uuid].durable.fusionauth.io` CNAME where `[uuid]` is a UUID such as `3ffe6da1-e6f5-4be4-96e0-5dabdf42fd68`. This durable URL will not change and is functionally equivalent to the above vanity URL. Using this updated CNAME will enable use of [Disaster Recovery services](/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/disaster-recovery) should you require them at a later point.

`auth.piedpiper.com CNAME [uuid].durable.fusionauth.io`

### Unlimited Custom Domains

<EnterprisePlanBlurb />

FusionAuth Cloud supports unlimited custom domains for Enterprise customers with High Availability deployments. Aside from allowing unlimited custom domains, the feature also has the following benefits:

* A streamlined user interface for managing custom domains
* The ability to add and remove individual custom domains
* Custom domain validation and routing with a single DNS change
* DNS validation status checks for custom domains
* Faster provisioning of certificates

If you would like to enable this feature on one of your HA cloud deployments, please open a [support ticket](https://account.fusionauth.io/account/support/) to get started.

#### Unlimited Domains Transition

When unlimited domains are first enabled for a deployment, that deployment will enter a transition state. This allows time to perform any necessary DNS changes for existing custom domains in order to avoid domain resolution errors when completing the cutover to unlimited custom domains. During this transition other deployment actions such as upgrading or destroying the deployment will be unavailable.

![Deployment in Domain Transition state.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/ud-transition.png)

Existing custom domain DNS records pointing to the deployment's `*.fusionauth.io` domain name need to be updated to refer to the [Durable FusionAuth CNAME](#what-is-a-durable-fusionauth-cname). Once DNS records have been updated, you can complete the cutover to unlimited custom domains from the account management portal by selecting <InlineUIElement>Cutover Custom URL(s)</InlineUIElement> from the <InlineUIElement>Action</InlineUIElement> menu at the top of the custom domains listing page and completing the form on the next page. If a deployment does not have any existing custom domains when unlimited domains are enabled, it can be cut over immediately.

![Starting the unlimited domains cutover.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/ud-cutover-action.png)

#### Unlimited Domains Listing

The updated user interface for unlimited custom domains includes a listing of existing custom domains for the deployment, including the DNS validation status of each, and search capabilities. During the transition phase this page does not include the ability to add or remove domains.

![Unlimited custom domains listing.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/ud-list.png)

You can refresh the DNS validation status of a custom domain by selecting <InlineUIElement>Refresh Status</InlineUIElement> from the <InlineUIElement>Action</InlineUIElement> menu for the domain and clicking the <InlineField>Refresh</InlineField> button on the next page.

![Action button to refresh a custom domain status.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/ud-refresh-action.png)

#### Adding a Domain

You can add a custom domain to your deployment by clicking the <InlineUIElement>Add Domain</InlineUIElement> button in the <InlineUIElement>Action</InlineUIElement> menu at the top of the listing page.

![Action menu button to add a custom domain.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/ud-add-action.png)

On the next page enter the new custom domain and submit the form.

![Form to add a custom domain.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/ud-add.png)

You will be redirected back to the custom domain listing page and will see the DNS validation status for the new domain.

![Provisioning a new custom domain.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/ud-provisioning.png)

If you have set up the DNS CNAME ahead of time, your new custom domain should already be validated and working. Otherwise, create the DNS record and use the <InlineUIElement>Refresh Status</InlineUIElement> button in the <InlineUIElement>Action</InlineUIElement> menu to re-validate the custom domain when DNS changes have propagated.

![The refresh status page for a new custom domain with CNAME validation error.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/ud-refresh-cname.png)

Once the proper DNS record is in place, refreshing the status of a custom domain will update the DNS validation statuses and provision the certificate.

![The refresh status page after successful DNS validation and certificate provisioning.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/ud-refreshed.png)

<Aside type="note">
A custom domain that has been added in the account management portal will still work properly without refreshing the status as long as the DNS CNAME record exists. The validation indicators and status refresh are meant to provide additional feedback for configuring and troubleshooting a new custom domain.
</Aside>

#### Deleting a Domain

If your deployment contains a custom domain that is no longer in use, you can remove it by selecting <InlineUIElement>Delete</InlineUIElement> in the <InlineUIElement>Action</InlineUIElement> menu for the domain.

Confirm that the domain you want to delete is shown on the page, enter `DELETE` in the form field to confirm the operation, and submit the form.

![Form to delete a custom domain.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/ud-delete.png)

You will be redirected back to the custom domain listing page. The deleted domain will continue to be shown on this page with the `Destroying` status while FusionAuth Cloud cleans up the supporting infrastructure.

![Custom domains listing with a domain in the Destroying status.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/ud-destroying.png)

<Aside type="note">
The deleted custom domain will continue to operate normally until the certificate for that domain expires. In order to prevent traffic for that custom domain being routed to your FusionAuth deployment, you must remove the DNS CNAME record that was created when adding the domain.
</Aside>

## Accessing User Data

If you need to export user data from FusionAuth Cloud, because you are migrating away from FusionAuth or setting up a production instance in your data center, open a [support ticket](https://account.fusionauth.io/account/support/). Your data is yours!

A support request is required because data exports contain sensitive fields, like password hashes. The FusionAuth team will work with you to find a safe data transfer mechanism.

If you need to download user data regularly for analytics or other purposes, consider using the [User API](/docs/apis/users) or a [webhook](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/) to track ongoing account creation. Be aware that performing such operations as downloading all users in your account can impact performance; if possible, pull a subset of users, such as those who have been created in the last week.

If these solutions do not meet your needs and you have an Enterprise plan, open a [support ticket](https://account.fusionauth.io/account/support/) to discuss options for regular data exports.

<Aside type="note">
If you need your user data because you are migrating off of FusionAuth Cloud, it's yours and we'll get it to you. This applies to any level of hosting and plan.

If you need your data exported regularly for any other reason, this is only available to organizations on Enterprise plans.

In either case, please open a support ticket to discuss options.
</Aside>

### Restoring From Backup

Certain FusionAuth Cloud tiers include regular backups. If you need to restore your user database from a backup, open a [support ticket](https://account.fusionauth.io/account/support/) with the details.

You can restore to any point in time in the last three days. In the ticket, provide the date and time and timezone to which you'd like to restore your database.

## Support

You can view support options by navigating to the <Breadcrumb>Support</Breadcrumb> tab:

![The support tab](/img/docs/get-started/support-tab.png)

Support for FusionAuth Cloud is limited in scope.
Support can only help with issues related to running your FusionAuth Cloud deployments. Some examples:

* "My FusionAuth Cloud instance is down" - **supported**
* "Please restore my FusionAuth Cloud instance from backup" - **supported**
* "I need help integrating FusionAuth into my Express/Rails/Django/Spring/etc application" - **not supported**
* "How do I set up a webhook to sync my user data with an external system?" - **not supported**

Support from the engineering team for integrating with FusionAuth can be [purchased separately](/pricing).

If you have out of scope questions and have not purchased a support contract, you can find community support in the [forums](/community/forum/) and [documentation](/docs/).

## CAPTCHA and Rate Limits

FusionAuth Cloud has a number of protections in place to prevent a DoS attack and keep your services running smoothly. If you receive `429` response codes or the following message appears, this would indicate the end user, test, or application is making requests in excess of what is considered typical.

![Too Many Requests](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/too-many-requests-blocked.png)

Prior to this message you may receive one of the following CAPTCHA challenges, or a similar one.

![AWS Preamble CAPTCHA.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/aws-captcha-preamble-text.png)
![Puzzle CAPTCHA from AWS.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/aws-captcha-challenge-puzzle.png)
![Roadmap CAPTCHA from AWS.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/aws-captcha-challenge-roadmap.png)

To prevent either scenario please limit the number of requests you are making over a given time period or [open a support ticket](https://account.fusionauth.io/account/support) to add your static production IP addresses to the FusionAuth Cloud allow list as needed.

The criteria for adding an IP address to the FusionAuth Cloud allow list:

* It is static.
* It is owned by your company, not shared with other companies/resources, such as a CDN.
* It is associated with a production server (not a developer's laptop).

If the IP addresses meet these conditions, [log a support request](https://account.fusionauth.io/account/support/). The turnaround time for an allow list change is two to three business days.

If you no longer need an IP address on the allow list, please [log a support ticket](https://account.fusionauth.io/account/support/) to remove it.

If you encounter a CAPTCHA during manual testing, ensure you have local browser caching enabled. Using browser developer tools to disable caching often leads to CAPTCHA presentation. Consult the documentation for your browser to learn more.

<Aside type="note">
The CAPTCHA described here is separate from the CAPTCHA configured using [Advanced Threat Detection](/docs/operate/secure/advanced-threat-detection) and can only be managed by the FusionAuth team.
</Aside>

## Custom FusionAuth Cloud Features

If managed FusionAuth hosting does not meet your needs, [contact us](/contact) with more details.

We're happy to discuss custom deployment architectures or configurations. If you need any of these:

* Longer retention of database backups.
* Static deployment IP addresses for adding to a firewall allow/deny list.
* Deployments capable of handling more requests per second (custom-built FusionAuth configurations have handled 2,000 requests per second).
* Custom deployments for [disaster recovery](/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/disaster-recovery), compliance, or other reasons.

Please [contact us](/contact) to learn more about these options.

## SLAs and Availability

We know that availability of your auth system is critical.
Below are some of the steps FusionAuth takes to ensure that FusionAuth Cloud systems are available.

For all deployments:

* All components are monitored via external software systems as well as internal metrics gathering systems.
* The application architecture is not exotic, reducing risk. This is a three tier web application, which is a well understood architecture.
* Third party security researchers can submit security issues via a bug bounty program.
* The FusionAuth software and infrastructure is pentested on a regular basis.
* Major changes, such as FusionAuth upgrades or operating system upgrades, are scripted and rollout timing is controlled by the customer.
* Modifications to the underlying product are tested extensively, including load testing where appropriate.
* Automated rulesets provide protection against DDoS.
* A world class cloud provider's managed services for system components are used where appropriate.
* Network firewalls are automatically configured on deployment to set up "least privileged" access to each architectural component.

For high availability/HA deployments:

* Each deployment has redundant components. This includes, but is not limited to, the DNS system, load balancer, and the compute nodes running FusionAuth.
* Each deployment's relational database is set up in a primary/secondary configuration. If the primary becomes unavailable the secondary will "stand up" and the instance will continue to be available. This is also known as "full database replication".
* Each set of components is run in separate geographic availability zones, geographically separated. This prevents disasters from affecting all components.
* The FusionAuth engineering team will consult on product implementation and can offer "best practices" advice to further ensure system stability.
* We size the instance properly for expected traffic, in consultation with the customer.

You can find more information about service level agreements (SLAs) in the [FusionAuth license](/license) and [license FAQ](/license-faq), including uptime numbers and definitions of downtime.

For all deployments which include backups (HA and Business Cloud), the default backup retention is 3 days.

## Deployment IP Addresses

Depending on your security posture, defense in depth requirements, and application architecture, you may need the IP addresses or hostnames of the instances in your FusionAuth Cloud deployment.

There are any number of reasons you might need this information, including:

* Adding the values to the allow list for your SMTP service.
* Punching a hole in a firewall to allow FusionAuth webhooks to be delivered.
* Updating a network access control list to enable access to an on-premises LDAP directory with a connector.
* Any other outbound connection from a FusionAuth deployment.

To get the IP addresses for your deployment, please [open a support ticket](https://account.fusionauth.io/account/support/). Include the name of the deployment for which you need the outbound IP addresses.

<Aside type="caution">
Provided IP addresses should not be used for HTTP requests such as API calls; they won't respond to such requests.

This information should be used only to allow outbound traffic from FusionAuth deployments through firewalls and other network control layers.
</Aside>

In addition to using these IP addresses, consider custom headers, TLS transport and client certificates to ensure that outbound traffic is appropriately secured.

## Load Testing

<LoadTestingIntro />

### General Tips

<LoadTestingTips />

### Load Testing With FusionAuth Cloud

Load testing is an important part of evaluating FusionAuth. However, it is important to load test in an environment that replicates your expected production environment. This means that if you are planning to use an HA cloud deployment for production, you should load test against that type of environment.

When you are load testing against FusionAuth Cloud instances:

* Please [open a support ticket](https://account.fusionauth.io/account/support/) to let us know when you are planning to load test. We monitor CPU usage and other metrics and it can be helpful for us to know when you are planning to stress test your instance.
* Store configuration as scripts which you can apply to your FusionAuth instance. This allows you to easily stand up and tear down different deployments to see what meets your needs.
* If you have a plan with support, please [open a support ticket](https://account.fusionauth.io/account/support/) if you'd like additional support or guidance on sizing or testing.

Please don't use a FusionAuth Cloud Basic deployment to load test.
Instances on this tier of FusionAuth Cloud run on a single compute node, so the node is running FusionAuth, Elasticsearch and a PostgreSQL database.
The node is therefore very resource constrained, and attempting to run load tests on this type of system is not recommended.
The numbers you get from this type of test will not be valuable to you in planning your production deployment.

Testing on a Business Cloud or High-Availability Cloud plan will provide more useful results.
If you cannot achieve your target request per second with a standard setup, you can create a deployment with larger node sizes.
You can spin up a deployment, apply your configuration, perform load testing, and tear it down.
You'll only be charged for the time the instance is running.

## Account Deletion

<DeletingYourAccount />

## Limits

<CloudLimits />

# Disaster Recovery

import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import EnterprisePlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_enterprise-plan-blurb.astro';

<EnterprisePlanBlurb />

FusionAuth Cloud supports multi-region disaster recovery (DR). This page discusses how to enable and use DR in FusionAuth Cloud.

## What Is FusionAuth Cloud Disaster Recovery

DR, also known as cross-region replication (CRR), makes a secure backup copy of your FusionAuth deployment in a datacenter geographically distant from where your primary FusionAuth deployment runs. The database is securely replicated from your primary geographic region to the secondary region. The locations of the primary and secondary regions are configurable.

The primary FusionAuth deployment normally serves all production traffic, and the secondary is kept as a backup.

In the event of a disaster affecting the geographic area of your primary deployment, you can redirect traffic from your primary FusionAuth deployment to your secondary one. When your secondary deployment is fully promoted and DNS changes have propagated, the secondary will serve all production traffic and the primary will serve none.

Using DR minimizes downtime, business impact and user frustration if the data centers running your primary deployment are offline. With FusionAuth Cloud DR, you can redirect login traffic away from a regional failure in minutes.

FusionAuth Cloud DR is an active/passive DR configuration. You are only serving live traffic out of one deployment at a time.

## Requirements

To enable DR:

* your deployment must be highly available (HA)
* you must purchase an Enterprise plan

In addition, DR is not available without talking to the [technical FusionAuth sales team](/contact). It requires additional configuration and guidance.

## Set Up

After consulting with the technical sales team and purchasing the correct hosting and plan, there are a few other steps.

First, you'll need to determine the secondary region for your DR setup. This can be any region supported by FusionAuth Cloud.

Set up a custom domain name pointing to a [durable CNAME provided by FusionAuth](/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/cloud#what-is-a-durable-fusionauth-cname) for your deployment. Having a custom domain name is not enough; it must be a CNAME which points to the durable DNS name for proper failover.

Once you have a properly configured HA deployment and have discussed your DR needs with the FusionAuth team, FusionAuth enables DR for that deployment.

When this step is done, you'll see the DR instance in the FusionAuth <Breadcrumb>Hosting</Breadcrumb> tab in your account portal.

![User view of FusionAuth Cloud disaster recovery configuration.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/disaster-recovery/example-dr-config.png)

The database of the secondary deployment is automatically and securely kept up to date with the primary deployment.

```mermaid title="When the primary deployment is serving traffic."
graph LR
subgraph "Internet"
  client[Client]
end
subgraph "Primary Region"
  client -->|Login Requests| primary[Primary Deployment]
end

subgraph "Secondary Region"
  primary -.->|DB Replicated| secondary[Secondary Deployment]
end

style primary fill:#0f0
style secondary fill:#98fb98
```

## Fail Over

When disaster strikes, you need to fail over. The primary goal of failing over to the secondary is to ensure that customers can continue to log in and access your applications.

To initiate a failover, please [open a support ticket](https://account.fusionauth.io/account/support/) or call the emergency phone number, [which can be found here](https://account.fusionauth.io/account/support/). The support team at FusionAuth may reach out to you proactively as well.

<Aside type="note">
Why not automatically failover as soon as an error is detected? Good question, and one we debated internally.

The team decided that authentication failover was critical, long enough and could have a profound business impact, so putting a human in the loop is required.
</Aside>

After assessment and discussion, failover is triggered by the FusionAuth team. All traffic is routed to the secondary.

```mermaid title="When the primary deployment has failed and the secondary deployment is serving traffic."
graph LR
subgraph "Internet"
  client[Client]
end

subgraph "Secondary Region"
  client -->|Login Requests| secondary[Secondary Deployment]
end

subgraph "Primary Region"
  primary[Primary Deployment]
end

style primary fill:#f00
style secondary fill:#0f0
```

This failover process takes between 15 and 30 minutes.

After failover, functionality that depends on the Elasticsearch index, such as user search, will not be available until after a re-index. 

When failover completes, the new primary deployment (formerly the secondary one) can have DR enabled. This creates a new secondary in a different region.

### RTO and RPO

The RTO (Recovery Time Objective) is the amount of time it takes to restore services after a disaster. For FusionAuth Cloud DR, the RTO is typically between 15 to 30 minutes. This is the time it takes for the secondary to be available and to have all traffic routed to it. This value is dependent on factors that FusionAuth Cloud can plan for, like standing up the appropriate number of compute resources, and factors out of the FusionAuth team's control, such as DNS caching at a customer's ISP. 

The RPO (Recovery Point Objective) is the maximum amount of data lost during failover, which depends on the database replication. You may lose up to 5 minutes of data due to lag between the primary and secondary database. Our monitoring shows that an RPO of a few seconds is common.

## FusionAuth Version Upgrades

When the version of the primary deployment is upgraded, the version of the secondary is automatically upgraded.

## Limitations

The Elasticsearch/OpenSearch indices are not replicated. This does not impact the ability of your users to continue to authenticate or register, but does impact non-authentication based functionality such as searching for users. These indices must be recreated once the secondary has been promoted by performing a re-index.

The primary and secondary deployment regions must both be supported by FusionAuth Cloud.

The primary and secondary deployments must be on the same version of FusionAuth and be the same size.

FusionAuth Cloud does not support failing over to a self-hosted or on-premises FusionAuth instance.

FusionAuth Cloud does not support active/active architectures, where both deployments are serving live requests.

## Self-Hosting And Disaster Recovery

The above outlines FusionAuth Cloud's DR solution. FusionAuth, the software product, also supports multi-region disaster recovery. If you are self-hosting, you can replicate your database and Elasticsearch/OpenSearch data to a different region. To do so, please consult your database and Elasticsearch provider documentation for steps to configure, manage and monitor data replication, as well as to update the deployment domain name in the event of a disaster.

You can set up self-hosted FusionAuth in a DR compatible architecture with any plan, but support is only available if you are on the Enterprise plan.

# GitHub Actions

import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

This page explains:
- How to upgrade FusionAuth.
- How to write automated tests of your application login with FusionAuth.
- How to run these tests in a [GitHub Actions workflow](https://docs.github.com/en/actions) when pushing to the main branch.
- How to automate deployment and testing on your live application.

## Prerequisites

To follow this article, you need to know how to create a project in GitHub, but you don't need to know anything about FusionAuth, GitHub Actions, or automated testing, as the basics are explained here.

You will need Docker and Node.js installed to run the example application accompanying this guide.

## Some Definitions And Goals

FusionAuth provides login functionality for your web application. Users are stored in the FusionAuth database, separate from the database your app uses to keep its data. Assuming you have built a login page that redirects a user to FusionAuth, your system will have the components shown below.

![Diagram showing external websites using FusionAuth.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/github_actions/get-started-run-in-the-cloud-prerequisites.png)

You might have the following questions:
- How do I deploy these components to production?
- What happens when FusionAuth releases a new version? How do I upgrade FusionAuth without losing data?
- How can I test that login still works after upgrading my app or FusionAuth?
- How do I separate and manage my development and production environments?
- How do I securely keep administrative passwords, including database access passwords, and include them when deploying?

Automating these tasks is called CI/CD or continuous integration and continuous deployment.
- CI refers to testing changes to code you push to the main branch to ensure it fits in with the existing system and everything still works.
- CD refers to deploying every push to the main branch of your production (live) site.

GitHub provides a tool for automating workflows called GitHub Actions. It provides a virtual machine in which you can run scripts to check out your code, compile it, deploy alongside FusionAuth and other services, run tests, and manage deployment.

The flow looks like the diagram below.

![Diagram showing how GitHub Actions are created, triggered, and run inside GitHub.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/github_actions/get-started-run-in-the-cloud-some-definitions-and-goals.png)

## A Simple Example Using GitHub Actions

There is a minimal but complete CI/CD example in this [repository](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-github-actions). An overview of the setup is shown below.

![A CI/CD diagram showing how to use GitHub actions with FusionAuth.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/github_actions/get-started-run-in-the-cloud-github-actions.png)

In GitHub, click <InlineUIElement>Fork</InlineUIElement> and add the repository to your GitHub account. Then run `git clone https://github.com/<your_username>/fusionauth-example-github-actions.git` in a terminal to download it. Remember to replace `<your_username>` with your GitHub username.

Below is the repository structure.

```bash
├── app
│   ├── app.js
│   ├── .env
│   ├── .github
│   │   └── workflows
│   │       └── playwright.yml
│   ├── package.json
│   ├── playwright.config.js
│   ├── public # css and images
│   ├── routes
│   │   └── index.js
│   ├── services
│   │   └── authentication.js
│   ├── tests
│   │   └── test.spec.js
│   └── views # html templates
├── docker-compose.yml
├── .env
├── .github
│   └── workflows
│       └── test.yaml
└── kickstart
    ├── css
    │   └── styles.css
    └── kickstart.json
```

FusionAuth is managed by the `docker-compose.yml` and `.env` files, and the `kickstart` directory. FusionAuth runs in a Docker container. On starting, FusionAuth uses the `.env` file to get the database password. The database is stored in files in a Docker volume. When FusionAuth starts for the first time, it uses the `kickstart` details to configure the visual style and various settings. If FusionAuth has run before, it attaches to the existing volume and uses that database.

The `app` folder contains a Node.js JavaScript application. The Express server provides a login page that sends the user to FusionAuth, and then to the account page after login. The `tests` folder contains a login test written in [Playwright](https://playwright.dev/docs/intro). Playwright runs tests in a web browser to see if all elements and interactions behave as they would with a real user. The tests can all be run from the terminal, however, so you can test your application on a computer without a graphical environment.

The `.github/workflows/test.yaml` file is the GitHub Actions workflow script. The `app/.github/workflows/playwright.yml` file contains a Playwright-provided script, but this script uses more GitHub resources, has a long timeout, and saves the test results to a file. The `test.yaml` script is written to take advantage of the [GitHub Free 2000 CI/CD minutes per month](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/learning-about-github/githubs-plans).

<Aside type="note">To learn how FusionAuth runs in Docker, read [Install FusionAuth with Docker](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/docker). To learn how Express connects to FusionAuth, please read this [quickstart](/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-javascript-express-web).</Aside>

## How To Upgrade FusionAuth

Before running the app, let's demonstrate how to upgrade FusionAuth. It should usually be as trivial as changing the version number and restarting FusionAuth.

In this section, you will:
- Start an older version of FusionAuth.
- Create a new user in <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb>.
- Upgrade FusionAuth.
- Check that the new user is still there.

Open the `docker-compose.yml` file. On line 51, set the FusionAuth image to the following.

```yaml
image: fusionauth/fusionauth-app:1.47.1
```

In a terminal, run the following command.

```bash
docker compose up
```

FusionAuth will start, and you will be able to log in at `http://localhost:9011/admin` with username `admin@example.com` and password `password`. In the <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb> section, [add a new user](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/users) by clicking the green <InlineUIElement>+</InlineUIElement> button.

<Aside type="note">
  After logging in successfully, you should be able to see the FusionAuth version number `1.47.1` at the bottom of the left sidebar.
</Aside>

Stop Docker in the terminal by pressing `control-C`. In the `docker-compose.yml` file, change line 51 to use a new FusionAuth version, `1.48.3`. Run the startup command again.

```bash
docker compose up
```

The output of the Docker command below shows that FusionAuth silently (without needing user approval) successfully runs database migration (upgrade) scripts on the existing database when starting.

```bash
fa | ---------------------------------- Entering Silent Configuration Mode ---
fa | ----------------------------
fa | 12:49:04.337 PM INFO JDBCMaintenanceModeDatabaseService - Attempting to lock database to support multi-node configurations
fa | 12:49:04.348 PM INFO JDBCMaintenanceModeDatabaseService - Obtained a database lock
fa | 12:49:04.386 PM INFO JDBCMaintenanceModeDatabaseService - Database Version [1.47.1]
fa | 12:49:04.393 PM INFO JDBCMaintenanceModeDatabaseService - Latest Migration Version [1.48.1]
fa | 12:49:04.459 PM INFO JDBCMaintenanceModeDatabaseService - Execute migration script [1.48.0]
fa | 12:49:04.472 PM INFO JDBCMaintenanceModeDatabaseService - Execute migration script [1.48.1]
fa | 12:49:04.500 PM INFO JDBCMaintenanceModeDatabaseService - Database Version [1.48.1]
fa | 12:49:04.500 PM INFO JDBCMaintenanceModeDatabaseService - Latest Migration Version [1.48.1]
fa | 12:49:04.500 PM INFO JDBCMaintenanceModeDatabaseService - Attempting to unlock database to support multi-node configurations
fa | 12:49:04.501 PM INFO JDBCMaintenanceModeDatabaseService - Unlock completed
```

If you browse to FusionAuth again, you'll see that the user you created is still there.

The FusionAuth application is separate from the FusionAuth database. In this case, the database is stored in a Docker volume. When the upgrade scripts run, the data should not be broken, and upgrading FusionAuth should be unnoticeable. However, mistakes can happen, as well as database crashes, and you should back up both the FusionAuth database and your application database daily. The rest of this article will show you how to automate login tests to check that your system still works after upgrading FusionAuth or your app. If something breaks, you can restore the old version of the database and begin debugging.

For more details on upgrading FusionAuth, including non-silent upgrades, please read this [article](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/docker#upgrading).

<Aside type="note">
  FusionAuth also has a paid version that [runs in the cloud](/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/cloud). If you want to avoid the hassle of managing, backing up, and upgrading FusionAuth yourself, this might be the solution for you. Tests in this guide will still work after the version of FusionAuth has been upgraded.
</Aside>

## Test Your App Login With Playwright

FusionAuth is already running. To start the app that uses it, run the code below in a new terminal window.

```bash
cd app
npm install
npm run start
```

Browse to `http://localhost:3000` and log in with the same user as previously.

When changing your application, it would be faster to test that login works automatically, rather than by hand. This is called an integration, or end-to-end test, as opposed to a unit test, which tests only a single function. For integration tests in the browser, you can use Playwright.

<Aside type="note">
  Playwright was created by Microsoft, runs in JavaScript, and allows you to run tests in multiple browsers. It is a popular successor to Selenium, which used Java, and Puppeteer, which was written by Google and focused on Chrome.
</Aside>

To start the Playwright tests for this app, open a new terminal in the `app` directory and run the code below.

```bash
npx playwright install
npx playwright install-deps
npx playwright test --project=chromium
```

The output should be as below.

```bash
Running 1 test using 1 worker

  ✓  1 [chromium] › test.spec.js:3:1 › Test login (5.1s)

  1 passed (5.8s)
```

The command returns `0` if all tests passed, and another number if any tests failed. This allows you (and GitHub Actions) to write shell scripts that perform different tasks if the tests succeed or not.

To see what is happening visually, run the code below.

```bash
npx playwright test --project=chromium --ui
```

This will open the playwright window. Click on the <InlineUIElement>Run</InlineUIElement> button next to the test name to execute the test. You can see that Playwright runs a browser, clicks buttons, and fills in forms.

![Playwright test UI.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/github_actions/playwright.png)

## Write A Test For Playwright

The code for the test Playwright runs is in the file `app/tests/test.spec.js`.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/app/tests/test.spec.js"}
            lang="js" />

The code should mostly be self-explanatory, but there are a few things to note:
- `await` is used frequently as most operations on the page are asynchronous.
- `waitForLoadState('networkidle')` is used to wait for pages to load. When this article was written, `.waitForNavigation()` and `.waitForURL()` failed.
- Tests start with `expect()`, such as `expect(emailText).toBe('richard@example.com')`. Without this function, your tests won't test anything.
- To add a new test of your own, write a new function like `test('Test login', async ({ page }) => {`.

To add Playwright to your own project, follow [their guide](https://playwright.dev/docs/intro). Running `npm init playwright` will create a configuration file and sample test you can use as a starting point.

In the configuration file `playwright.config.js`, you can set which browsers to use (we used `--project=chromium` earlier), whether to start your app before running the tests, and which directory contains test files.

## Test Your App In A GitHub Action

Now that you know how to test your app after a change to it or FusionAuth, let's automate the process in GitHub. Your goal is to have a test run whenever committing to your main branch. GitHub will email you if the test fails.

<Aside type="note">
  By default, GitHub prevents action workflows from running on forked repositories. To grant permission for the workflow to execute, navigate to the Actions tab on your forked repository and click on the <InlineUIElement>I understand my workflows, go ahead and enable them</InlineUIElement> button on the repository.
</Aside>

In this example, we'll trigger the execution of the test by listening to push events on the main branch. Open the file `.github/workflows/test.yaml` in your IDE. The fifth line in the file specifies the branch name that triggers the execution of the action when commits are pushed to it. It currently reads as follows.

```yaml
      - main_RENAME_THIS_TO_ENABLE_TEST
```

Change this line from a nonsense name to the main branch of your application.

```yaml
      - main
```

Save the changes to the `.github/workflows/test.yaml` file, commit to the main branch of your repository in Git, and push to GitHub. The commit you just pushed will trigger the execution of the test. The test may take a few minutes to run as GitHub configures the necessary resources.

You can browse to the Actions tab in your GitHub repository and then select <InlineUIElement>Test FusionAuth login</InlineUIElement> on the left sidebar to see the workflow run. The most recent workflow run will appear at the top of the list and you can see further details by clicking on the title of the workflow run items. Clicking on the <InlineUIElement>run-tests</InlineUIElement> job item will reveal further details of the workflow execution steps.

![Passed GitHub action test.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/github_actions/passedtest.png)

To test that the test works, change the login email in `test.spec.js`, on the line `expect(emailText).toBe('richard@example.com');` change to `expect(emailText).toBe('wrong@example.com');` and push to GitHub again. You can now verify that the test does detect a broken login or invalid credentials.

![Failed GitHub action test.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/github_actions/failedtest.png)

If your test runs successfully, you can be certain that your app and FusionAuth are both running, can speak to each other, and that the user is still present in the database after any migrations have run.

## Understand GitHub Actions

GitHub Actions is a service provided by GitHub that allows you to run workflows that can do anything you can write in a script, triggered by different types of events in your repository. GitHub runs your script in a virtual machine. GitHub allocates each user a certain amount of free CPU minutes per month and a set amount of storage, depending on your plan. For more details, see the [learn GitHub Actions](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/learn-github-actions) documentation and [pricing page](https://docs.github.com/en/billing/managing-billing-for-github-actions/about-billing-for-github-actions).

Let's review the GitHub Actions workflow script to see how it works. All scripts are stored in the `.github/workflows` directory, and the files can be called whatever you like. Here, the file is called `test.yaml`.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/.github/workflows/test.yaml"}
            lang="yaml" />

Each workflow has a name, which is a human-readable label.

```yaml
name: Test FusionAuth login
```

This is followed by an event, which is all the conditions that trigger the workflow to execute. Events are stored in the `on` object. The most common ones to use are when pushing a commit or receiving a pull request. For a full list, see the [documentation](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/events-that-trigger-workflows).

Your workflow uses the push-to-main-branch event.

```yaml
  push:
    branches:
      - main
```

Then comes the workflow `jobs`. This is what will run when the push event occurs. This workflow has just one job, `run-tests`.

<Aside type="note">
  You need to specify the type of operating system the machine will run to execute the job steps. Here, you use `ubuntu-latest`. It is the cheapest runner on GitHub. Windows runners use minutes at twice the rate of Linux, and Mac runners use ten times the rate of Linux.
</Aside>

The `steps` section defines a sequence of tasks that are executed during the workflow run.

The steps consist of two types of code:
- Actions, which are existing tasks in GitHub like checking out a repository or installing Node.js.
- Custom commands, which run code directly in the machine's terminal.

This script starts by checking out your repository, and then installs FusionAuth and Node.js using the respective actions.

```yaml
    steps:
      - name: Checkout repository
        uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Start FusionAuth
        uses: fusionauth/fusionauth-github-action@v1
        with:
          FUSIONAUTH_VERSION: "latest" # Optional: provide FusionAuth version number otherwise it defaults to latest

      - name: Set up Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: '18'
```

Custom code then installs Node.js modules, runs the app, and runs the tests. Note that steps usually run in serial. To run steps simultaneously, you use `&` to start the next step without waiting for the first step to exit. If a step fails, the next step will not run.

```yaml
      - name: Install npm dependencies
        run: |
          npm install
          npx playwright install-deps
          npx playwright install
        working-directory: ./app

      - name: Start app
        run: npm run start & # & in background
        working-directory: ./app

      - name: Run Playwright tests
        run: npx playwright test --project=chromium
        working-directory: ./app
```

Using the `fusionauth-github-action` is the preferred method to start FusionAuth in the workflow. If you want to start FusionAuth with Docker compose instead of the action, you can use the commented-out configuration in the `.github/workflows/test.yaml` file (for example, if you need customizations to use a custom password hashing plugin).

In the commented-out workflow configuration, the `services` section specifies that the action requires Docker where FusionAuth will run.

```yaml
    services:
      docker:
        image: docker:19.03.12
        options: --privileged # container has full access to host
        ports:
          - 3000:3000
          - 9011:9011
```

Then FusionAuth is started using `docker-compose`.

```yaml
       - name: Start FusionAuth in Docker
         run: docker-compose up -d # -d in background
```

## Compile Your App In A GitHub Action

You might have noticed that GitHub did not build your app at any point in this workflow. This is because JavaScript is a dynamic language and does not need to be compiled. If you are using FusionAuth with C#, Go, Rust, or TypeScript, you can easily add another step to your workflow to compile the code before running the tests. This might look like the code below.

```yaml
      - name: Compile app
        run: cargo build
        working-directory: ./app
```

## Deploy Your App In A GitHub Action

Deploying your app with a GitHub action is more complex than building it. Your production environment might be a physical server, a virtual server like DigitalOcean, or a large service provider like AWS or Azure. You might also want to deploy a new version of FusionAuth, which may use Docker.

You can deploy using an existing action, such as those for [AWS](https://github.com/aws-actions), [Azure](https://github.com/Azure/actions), or [DigitalOcean](https://github.com/digitalocean/action-doctl), or you can write your own deployment script.

Let's assume your production environment is a virtual server that runs your application in a Go binary and FusionAuth in Docker.

After the tests in your action have run successfully, you can deploy your app and FusionAuth to the server.

To run a command on your server from within an action, use [SSH for GitHub Actions](https://github.com/appleboy/ssh-action). This action allows you to open a terminal on your server and run commands. Here's how you would change the version number of FusionAuth, and restart it in Docker.

We'll discuss the secrets used in the code below in a later section [Secrets And Deployment Environments](#secrets-and-deployment-environments).

```yaml
- name: Update FusionAuth and Restart Docker
  uses: appleboy/ssh-action@master
  with:
    host: ${{ secrets.SERVER_HOST }}
    username: ${{ secrets.SERVER_USERNAME }}
    key: ${{ secrets.SERVER_SSH_KEY }}
    script: |
      cd /fa_config # assume this is where docker compose file is

      # change docker version number
      sed -i 's|fusionauth/fusionauth-app:.*|fusionauth/fusionauth-app:latest|' docker-compose.yml

      # pull the latest image from DockerHub before we try to use it
      docker-compose pull fusionauth-app

      # restart docker and leave it running
      docker-compose up -d fusionauth-app
```

Let's say you want to deploy a Go application you created. You can do one of the following:
1. Download the repository of source code to the server and compile it there.
2. Compile the executable in the action and download it on the server.
3. Build your app into a Docker image, upload the image to DockerHub, and download and run it on the server.

Using Docker is the least work for the server and least likely to disrupt your operations. It requires compiling the executable on the server, as with option two. Downloading the code on the server and compiling it there is the easiest to do but might disrupt the server.

To make your Go binary (and all the HTML templates it serves) available for other steps in the workflow, use the [upload-artifact action](https://github.com/actions/upload-artifact). To build and push a DockerHub image, use the [Docker action](https://github.com/marketplace/actions/build-and-push-docker-images).

Once you have your application files ready, you can SSH into your server using the SSH action, download the Docker image or binary files, run any database migrations scripts, and restart your web application.

## Test Your Production Release

Even if your tests run successfully in the GitHub virtual machine, your production release might not allow users to log in. You need to test again.

Add a final step to your script, after the deployment step, that runs the Playwright login test. This time, run a test file that uses the production server URL instead of your localhost in the line `await page.goto('http://localhost:3000');`.

If this test passes, you can be certain your live website and FusionAuth can still communicate. If it fails, you need to revert your release to the previous version.

## Secrets And Deployment Environments

Your organization will probably have several environments (server and database) where your application runs:
Environment | Purpose
--- | ---
Development | Where programmers are free to test new features without fear of breaking anything. Database users are obfuscated.
Test | Where quality assurance testers test the latest release that is scheduled to go live soon.
Pre-production | An exact duplicate of the production environment, with real sensitive user information. This is used for debugging errors in production. Access is restricted.
Production | The live site that must always be online. Access is restricted to a system administrator and automated deployment programs.

The production environment might also be two mirrored applications and databases (called blue and green). You could deploy to one color, and then immediately transfer the live URL from the other color once it's complete. This way, your application will never suffer a moment's downtime.

Each environment should correspond to a single branch in GitHub, and have its own set of secrets: passwords, URLs, and database values.

In this guide's sample application action, you set the action event to be triggered when pushing to the main branch (which corresponds to the production environment). You'll need to add other events and scripts to run tests, but not deploy, for all other environments and pull-request events. For example, you would probably want a push to the test branch to run tests and deploy the new release to the test environment.

This application also used two `.env` files to store secrets that your app and FusionAuth use. In reality, you should never do this, as it allows anyone to access your private database with your password kept publicly on GitHub.

Instead, each environment should store its secrets in environment variables or a configuration file that is not overwritten on deployment. These values should be readable only by the system administrator and the application's user account.

But you also need some secrets in the GitHub action, such as the SSH key of the server you are deploying to. This was seen in the script above.
```yaml
key: ${{ secrets.SERVER_SSH_KEY }}
```

These secrets are kept in the [GitHub Secrets](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/security-guides/using-secrets-in-github-actions) page, where they are automatically available to your scripts.

![Storing GitHub action secrets.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/github_actions/secrets.png)

## Summary Of Testing And Deployment

Let's summarize what you need to do to test and deploy your application:

- Configure your server to run Docker and the programming framework that your app uses.
- Keep secrets safe and private in environment variables on each server, even from your developers.
- Back up your FusionAuth and app database frequently, and test that you can restore them successfully.
- Write Playwright tests that check your app can log in with FusionAuth and any other essential functionality, including new features that you are releasing.
- Write a GitHub Actions workflow that runs these tests when receiving a pull request or pushing code to a branch.
- Add secrets in GitHub that allow it to access your deployment environment.
- Add a deployment step to your GitHub Actions workflow that sends your new release to the server and starts it.
- Add a final step in the workflow to test that your Playwright tests work on the deployed server.
- If your tests are successful, switch your public URL over to the latest release.


## Further Reading

- [Playwright test framework](https://playwright.dev/docs/intro)
- [Install FusionAuth with Docker](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/docker)
- [FusionAuth Express quickstart](/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-javascript-express-web)
- [FusionAuth upgrade guide](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/docker#upgrading)
- [FusionAuth cloud version](/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/cloud)
- [GitHub Actions](https://docs.github.com/en/actions)
- [GitHub Actions pricing](https://docs.github.com/en/billing/managing-billing-for-github-actions/about-billing-for-github-actions)
- [GitHub Actions events](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/events-that-trigger-workflows)
- [GitHub Secrets](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/security-guides/using-secrets-in-github-actions)
- [AWS actions](https://github.com/aws-actions)
- [Azure actions](https://github.com/Azure/actions)
- [DigitalOcean actions](https://github.com/digitalocean/action-doctl)
- [SSH for GitHub Actions](https://github.com/appleboy/ssh-action)
- [Upload-artifact action](https://github.com/actions/upload-artifact)
- [Build and push Docker images action](https://github.com/marketplace/actions/build-and-push-docker-images)

# Run in the Cloud

import ChildCards from "/src/components/ChildCards.astro";

This section contains detailed reference information you can use to learn more about running FusionAuth in a cloud environment:

<ChildCards/>

# AWS

import PaidFeatures from 'src/content/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/marketplaces/_paid-features.mdx';

FusionAuth is available on the [AWS Marketplace](https://aws.amazon.com/marketplace/seller-profile?id=30ecc80d-f96e-4259-ae1c-fc3b994f90ea). This allows you to quickly get a FusionAuth instance up and running in FusionAuth Cloud using AWS billing and budgeting.

![FusionAuth's AWS Marketplace listing screenshot.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/marketplaces/aws.png)

## Private Offers

You can also use [AWS Marketplace private offers](https://aws.amazon.com/marketplace/partners/private-offers) to purchase FusionAuth hosting and/or plans that are not available in the public AWS Marketplace listing.

[Contact our technical sales team](/contact) for more information about AWS Marketplace private offers.

## Paid Features

<PaidFeatures />

# DigitalOcean

import PaidFeatures from 'src/content/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/marketplaces/_paid-features.mdx';

FusionAuth is available on the [DigitalOcean Marketplace](https://marketplace.digitalocean.com/apps/fusionauth). This allows you to quickly get a FusionAuth instance up and running in DigitalOcean while using DO billing and budgeting.

![FusionAuth's DigitalOcean Marketplace listing screenshot.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/marketplaces/digitalocean.png)

## Paid Features

<PaidFeatures />

# GitHub Actions

FusionAuth is available on the [GitHub Actions Marketplace](https://github.com/marketplace/actions/fusionauth-action). This allows you to quickly get a FusionAuth instance up and running in GitHub actions for your CI/CD or testing pipelines.

![FusionAuth's GitHub Actions Marketplace listing screenshot.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/marketplaces/gha.png)

## More Resources

Read more about using [FusionAuth and GitHub actions](/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/github-actions) for testing purposes

This repository has [an example workflow showing how the GitHub action can be used](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-theme-history-updater/blob/main/.github/workflows/update-theme-history.yml#L69) to stand up a FusionAuth instance [using a Kickstart file to configure FusionAuth to a known state](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/kickstart).

# Google Cloud

import PaidFeatures from 'src/content/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/marketplaces/_paid-features.mdx';

FusionAuth is available on the [Google Cloud Marketplace](https://console.cloud.google.com/marketplace/product/fusionauth-public/fusionauth-enterprise). This allows you to quickly get a FusionAuth instance up and running using GCP billing and budgeting.

![FusionAuth's Google Cloud Marketplace listing screenshot.](/img/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/marketplaces/gcp.png)

## Private Offers

You can also use [Google Cloud Marketplace private offers](https://cloud.google.com/marketplace/docs/offers/discover-private-offers) to purchase FusionAuth hosting and/or plans that are not available in the public Google Cloud Marketplace listing.

[Contact our technical sales team](/contact) for more information about Google Cloud Marketplace private offers.

## Paid Features

<PaidFeatures />

# Marketplaces

import PaidFeatures from 'src/content/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/marketplaces/_paid-features.mdx';

FusionAuth is available in the following cloud marketplaces:

* [AWS](/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/marketplaces/aws)
* [DigitalOcean](/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/marketplaces/digitalocean)
* [GitHub Actions](/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/marketplaces/github-actions)
* [Google Cloud](/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/marketplaces/google-cloud)

Know a marketplace FusionAuth isn't in but should be? Please [file a GitHub issue](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/) with the details.

## Paid Features

<PaidFeatures />

# Render

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';

You can run FusionAuth on most cloud providers, including [Render](https://render.com/), a platform for deploying containerized applications.

## Prerequisites

To complete this guide, you will need:

* **A Render account**: for this tutorial, you can use the free version, but a production deployment requires a paid account. Performance on the free tier will be much slower than on a paid account.

## Fork the render blueprint

Render provides the ability to set up projects with **blueprints**, a form of Infrastructure as Code (IaC) based on a YAML file. The FusionAuth blueprint includes a PostgreSQL database and a FusionAuth Web service.

While you can run a blueprint directly from our repository, it’s a best practice to run this blueprint from a forked version of the repository in your own GitHub account. Since blueprints automatically update when the repository changes, you must own your blueprint repository to maintain full control over your instance.

To create your own fork based on the FusionAuth blueprint:

1. Visit the [FusionAuth/fusionauth-render-blueprint repository](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-render-blueprint).
1. Click the **Fork** button in the upper right.
1. Use the default values and click **Create fork** to create your fork.
1. Wait a few seconds for GitHub to create your fork.
1. Once your browser loads a new repository with the subtitle "forked from FusionAuth/fusionauth-render-blueprint", you're ready to configure your instance.

## Create a new blueprint

1. On your Render account dashboard, click the **Blueprints** link in the navigation.

1. Click **New Blueprint Instance**.

1. Connect your repository using the URL, which should look something like: `https://github.com/<your-github-username>/fusionauth-render-blueprint`.

1. Set up your project with the following configuration:
   * name: `FusionAuth`
   * branch: `main`
   * blueprint path: blank (this blueprint uses the default setup)
   * if prompted to use existing services, select **Create all as new services**

1. Click **Deploy Blueprint**. This may take some time, but remember that free tier deploys shut down after 15 minutes of idle time. Stay close so you can use your new instance before it automatically shuts down.

After setting up the database and FusionAuth instance, Render will create the following variables for your FusionAuth instance:

* `DATABASE_HOST`: the public URL for your database.
* `POSTGRES_PASSWORD`: the database password that FusionAuth uses to connect to your database.
* `POSTGRES_USER`: the database username that FusionAuth uses to connect to your database.
* `FUSIONAUTH_APP_RUNTIME_MODE`: sets your FusionAuth instance to Production mode.

## Set Up FusionAuth

Now you need to configure FusionAuth:

1. In the Render account dashboard, open the **Resources** section of your blueprint. Click the URL to open the FusionAuth Admin UI.

1. Before you can access the FusionAuth Admin UI, you must finish the FusionAuth [setup wizard](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/setup) by creating an admin user:
   * Enter an email address, name, and password.
   * Select an option from the **How did you hear about us** dropdown.
   * Mark the checkbox labelled **I accept the terms of the license agreement.**
   
   Click **Continue setup** to create an admin user using these credentials.
1. Congratulations! You now have a working instance of FusionAuth.

## Conclusion and Next Steps

To make use of your new FusionAuth instance, consider the following next steps:

- [Complete the rest of the recommended configuration.](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/setup)
- [Register a user and login.](/docs/lifecycle/register-users/register-user-login-api)
- [Follow the rest of the get started guide to learn about various FusionAuth features.](/docs/get-started/start-here/step-2)
- [Add an application.](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications#add-an-application)

# Start Here

import ChildCards from "/src/components/ChildCards.astro";

This section contains an interactive guide to FusionAuth.

In this guide, you'll learn how to install FusionAuth, how to add FusionAuth-powered authentication to an app, and take a brief tour of the working application. 

<ChildCards collection="docs" />

# Step 1 - Install FusionAuth

import ExpectedTime from 'src/components/ExpectedTime.astro';
import PageNavCard from '/src/components/PageNavCard.astro';
import {Content as DockerCompose} from "/src/components/download/docker-compose.mdx";

First, you need an instance of FusionAuth. The easiest place to install? The machine you are currently using to read this page.

<DockerCompose/>

## Open the web UI

Open a browser to http://localhost:9011/admin and you'll be presented with the FusionAuth login page. The installation instructions above used [Kickstart](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/kickstart), which created an admin user:

* Username: `admin@example.com`
* Password: `password`

To log into the FusionAuth Admin UI, click the lock icon in the top right. The Admin UI helps you monitor and configure all of the users, roles, applications, and identity providers you'll use with FusionAuth.

Once you've thoroughly explored the UI, log out before proceeding to the next step. The next set of steps all work with an admin user, but it's better to demonstrate login and protected pages as a non-admin instead. To log out, click the **Log out** button in the top right.

## Next steps

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
	<PageNavCard href="step-2" text="->" textFirst={true} title="Step 2: Login Button"/>
</div>

# Step 2 - Login Button

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import ExpectedTime from 'src/components/ExpectedTime.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import Steps from 'src/components/Steps.astro';
import PageNavCard from '/src/components/PageNavCard.astro';

To better understand how FusionAuth works, let's take a look at an example app. This app uses Node, Express, Typescript, and FusionAuth to secure a section of the app. This example may seem simple, but it demonstrates how to leverage FusionAuth for things like login and access controls.

<Aside type="note" title="Prequisites">
You need Node `22.x` or newer to run this example.
</Aside>

<Steps>
1. First, download the app from GitHub:

   ```console
   git clone git@github.com:FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-get-started.git
   ```

1. Then, navigate into the app directory:

   ```console
   cd fusionauth-example-get-started
   ```

1. Install the app dependencies:

   ```console
   npm install
   ```

1. Run the app:

   ```console
   npm run dev
   ```

1. Open [http://localhost:8080](http://localhost:8080) and you'll see the example app. Click the login button, and the app will redirect you to FusionAuth's login page.

1. Finally, log in:

   * If you are still logged in as the FusionAuth admin user, your browser will redirect you back to the example app. This is an example of FusionAuth's single sign-on (SSO) capabilities.
   * If you aren't currently logged into FusionAuth, you will see a login page. You can use these credentials to log in as a non-admin:

	 * Username: `richard@example.com`
     * Password: `password`
   
   You can find your current username at the top right of the app.
</Steps>

## How it works

Let's take a quick look at how this app interacts with FusionAuth. First, open `templates/home.html`: the homepage. You should see the following code:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/templates/home.html"} lang="html" tags="login"/>

This renders a login button that, when clicked, navigates to `/login`.

Open `src/index.mts`, which contains the Node and Express backend code. You should see the following route:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/src/index.mts"} lang="typescript" tags="login"/>

When someone opens this route in a browser, the app checks their login status:
* If the user is logged in, the app redirects them to the `/account` page.
* If the user isn't logged in, the app redirects them to the FusionAuth login page.

This example app organizes most of the OAuth, JWT, and cookie logic into a separate file named `sdk.ts`. Take a look at that file to get a better understanding of how this all comes together.

`sendToLoginPage()` redirects the user to the FusionAuth login page, following the OAuth specification. We won't go into detail about OAuth here, but the key takeaway is that this app integrates with FusionAuth using the OAuth standard.

## Next steps

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
	<PageNavCard href="step-1" text="<-" textFirst={false} title="Step 1: Install"/>
	<PageNavCard href="step-3" text="->" textFirst={true} title="Step 3: Protected Pages"/>
</div>

# Step 3 - Protected Pages

import ExpectedTime from 'src/components/ExpectedTime.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import PageNavCard from '/src/components/PageNavCard.astro';

Now that we have the FusionAuth and the example app running, let's take a look at how the application protects pages that require a user to be logged in.

This process is also known as access control. It is the process of controlling the users that have access to specific pages and functions of an application. The first step is to protect a page such that only users that have logged in can view it.

Open the file `src/index.mts` and find the route named `/account`. It should look something like this:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/src/index.mts"} lang="typescript" tags="account"/>

The first check is where the application determines if the user is logged in or not. This is done by calling the SDK function `userHasAccess` (you can ignore the last parameter, which we will cover in the next section). This function returns true if the user has access, which implicitly verifies that they are logged in. Let's take a look at this function.

Open the file `src/sdk.ts` and find the function named `userHasAccess`. One note is that this application uses `jose` which is a Node library used for validating and parsing [JSON Web Tokens (JWTs)](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/login-api/json-web-tokens). If you want to learn more about `jose`, you can visit the project at Github here: https://github.com/panva/jose

The `userHasAccess` method begins by loading the user from the request. This is accomplished by calling the `getUser` function of the SDK, which returns the user's access token. If the access token comes back `null`, that means the user is not logged in and this function returns false.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/src/sdk.ts"} lang="typescript" tags="userHasAccess"/>

Let's take a quick peek at the `getUser` function of the SDK. This function looks like this:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/src/sdk.ts"} lang="typescript" tags="getUser"/>

The first part of this function loads a cookie from the request that contains the user's access token. The access token is part of the OAuth specification, and is generated after the user successfully logs in. FusionAuth uses JWTs for access tokens. 

The second part of this function verifies that the JWT is valid using `jose`'s `jwtVerify` function. This function validates the cryptographic signature of the JWT and also ensures that the JWT is not expired and all of the claims are valid.

We won't go into detail about JWTs and all of the claims here, but you can read our [OAuth token documentation](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/tokens) to learn more.

If the `getUser` function returns `null`, this means that the user is not logged in. The user is then redirected to the login page.

You can also take a look at the `/make-change` route and you'll find that it uses this same approach to ensure that the user is logged in.

In the next step, we'll expand on this and cover role-based access controls.

## Next steps

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
	<PageNavCard href="step-2" text="<-" textFirst={false} title="Step 2: Login Button"/>
	<PageNavCard href="step-4" text="->" textFirst={true} title="Step 4: Role-Based Access Control"/>
</div>

# Step 4 - Role-Based Access Control

import ExpectedTime from 'src/components/ExpectedTime.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import PageNavCard from '/src/components/PageNavCard.astro';

The [Kickstart](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/kickstart) from step one created two roles for our Changebank application. These are `admin` and `user`. It assigned these roles to the two users it created as well. The user `admin@example.com` was granted the `admin` role and the user `richard@example.com` was granted the `user` role.

Roles are the way that FusionAuth manages user authorization to applications. And authorization is the process an application determines what a user is allowed to do. Access control is the method that is used to enforce these constraints. A common form of authorization and access controls is Role-Based Access Controls (RBAC).

When a user logs into an application, the user's roles for that application are included in their access token. Since FusionAuth access tokens are JWTs, it is simple to decode the JWT and analyze the roles a user has been granted.

Let's take a look at how our example application uses roles to verify the user's access.

If you open the `src/sdk.ts` file and scroll to the `userHasAccess` function, you'll see that the final parameter of this function is an array. This array contains the names of the roles that are allowed to access a specific page in the application. For example, the `/account` route calls this method like this:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/src/index.mts"} lang="typescript" tags="account"/>

This means that the user must have either the `admin` or the `user` role in order to access the `/account` page.

Similarly, the `/admin` route makes a similar check like this:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/src/index.mts"} lang="typescript" tags="admin"/>

However, this route requires that the user has the `admin` role.

The check for the roles is located in the `userHasAccess` function of the `src/sdk.ts` file. If you jump over to that function, you can see that the function confirms that the user has one of the specified roles like this:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/src/sdk.ts"} lang="typescript" tags="userHasAccess"/>

You can write a similar function to verify roles and in some languages you can leverage security frameworks and libraries as well. The general rule is to ensure that every protected route has an access control check before it renders the response.

## Next steps

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
	<PageNavCard href="step-3" text="<-" textFirst={false} title="Step 3: Protected Page"/>
	<PageNavCard href="step-5" text="->" textFirst={true} title="Step 5: Session Management"/>
</div>

# Step 5 - Session Management

import ExpectedTime from 'src/components/ExpectedTime.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import PageNavCard from '/src/components/PageNavCard.astro';

When using FusionAuth as an OAuth identity provider, a user logs in using what is known as the **Authorization Code grant**. This leverages FusionAuth's hosted login pages to authenticate the user and provide an access token to the application.

Access tokens are designed to have short lifespans though. In most cases, an access token will only be valid for a few minutes before it expires. It would be brutal to force users to log in every few minutes. Instead, it would be ideal to control how long the user is logged in via a user session.

Luckily, the OAuth standard provides a simple way to manage user sessions. This is done using refresh tokens.

Refresh tokens are long-lived tokens that should never be shared with any other application, user, or system. These are the most secure tokens and therefore access to them must be strictly controlled. In many cases, refresh tokens are stored in cookies in the browser. These cookies must be marked as `HttpOnly` and `Secure`. These two settings ensure that the refresh token cannot be stolen in any way. Ideally, the access token is also marked with the same attributes.

Our example app handles refresh tokens automatically. Let's look at how this is accomplished.

Open the file `src/sdk.ts` and locate the function named `logInUser`. This function is where the access token, refresh token, and id token (part of the OpenID Connect specification) are written out to the browser as cookies. This function looks like this:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/src/sdk.ts"} lang="typescript" tags="logInUser"/>

You can see that the access and refresh token are written out as `HttpOnly`. Our example application doesn't run over TLS, therefore we can't set the `Secure` flag. But for production applications, you should use TLS and mark cookies as `Secure`.

Next, let's look at how the refresh token is used when the access token expires. Scroll to the `getUser` function in this file. This function loads the same cookie that was written out above. We are using the `jose` library, which throws an exception when the access token has expired. This exception is handled in the `catch` block like this:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/src/sdk.ts"} lang="typescript" tags="getUser"/>

Inside this `catch` block, we call a handle function called `handleJWTException`. If you scroll down to that code you will see that we check if the exception is due to an expired JWT. If the JWT is expired, we refresh it. This code block looks like this:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/src/sdk.ts"} lang="typescript" tags="handleJWTException"/>

You can see that we first verify if refresh tokens have been enabled and then load the refresh token from the cookie. The code then uses the FusionAuth Typescript client library to call a standard OAuth API that handles what is known as the `Refresh Grant`. You can read up more about this API and the grant in our [OAuth documentation](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/).

Once FusionAuth responds with a new set of tokens, which might include a new access token, new refresh token, and new id token, these are all stored in their respective cookies again.

If at any point the refresh token expires or is deleted, this code will immediately return `null`, which will cause the `userHasAccess` and `userLoggedIn` checks to fail, sending the user back to the login page.

FusionAuth also provides numerous methods for managing user sessions directly using the API or SDKs, including the ability to terminate any session, sessions that meet certain criteria, or all sessions associated with a user or an application.

## Next steps

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
	<PageNavCard href="step-4" text="<-" textFirst={false} title="Step 4: Role-Based Access Control"/>
	<PageNavCard href="step-6" text="->" textFirst={true} title="Step 6: Logout"/>
</div>

# Step 6 - Logout

import ExpectedTime from 'src/components/ExpectedTime.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import PageNavCard from '/src/components/PageNavCard.astro';

Similar to login, logout is handled using the FusionAuth OAuth logout process. In order to ensure a full log out, the user must be logged out of all applications, including the FusionAuth SSO system.

To accomplish this, applications need to redirect the browser to the FusionAuth logout URL. Let's look at how this is done.

First, open the `templates/account.html` file. You'll see at the top of the file there is a button that sends the browser to `/logout` like this:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/templates/account.html"} lang="html" tags="logout"/>

Open the file `src/index.mts` and find the route for `/logout`. This code is simple and delegates to the SDK like this:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/src/index.mts"} lang="typescript" tags="logout"/>

Open the `src/sdk.ts` file and find the function named `sendToLogoutPage`. This function constructs a URL to FusionAuth's logout system and sends a redirect back to the browser like this:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/src/sdk.ts"} lang="typescript" tags="sendToLogoutPage"/>

Luckily, FusionAuth does all the work of logging the user out of the FusionAuth SSO system and deleting their refresh tokens, effectively closing all of their sessions. It also attempts to log the user out of other applications if possible. You'll also notice that the URL contains a parameter called `client_id`. This helps FusionAuth identify the application which initiated the log out request and also assists with look and feel theming and other settings as well.

Once FusionAuth has completed the logout, it redirects back to the application. This is when the application can complete its own log out process. Open the `src/index.mts` file and find the route for `/oauth2/logout`. This function looks like this:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/src/index.mts"} lang="typescript" tags="oauth2-logout"/>

This leverages a function in the SDK called `handleOAuthLogoutRedirect` and then redirects the browser back to the homepage. Go ahead and open that function in `src/sdk.ts`. It should look like this:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/src/sdk.ts"} lang="typescript" tags="handleOAuthLogoutRedirect"/>

You'll see that this function clears all of the cookies that helped to identify the user, specifically the access, refresh, and id tokens. Once the cookies are deleted from the browser, all future requests will not contain them and the user will no longer be logged in.

## Next steps

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
	<PageNavCard href="step-5" text="<-" textFirst={false} title="Step 5: Session Management"/>
	<PageNavCard href="step-7" text="->" textFirst={true} title="Step 7: Testing"/>
</div>

# Step 7 - Testing

import ExpectedTime from 'src/components/ExpectedTime.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import PageNavCard from '/src/components/PageNavCard.astro';

Testing is a critical component of all software development. FusionAuth makes testing simple and awesome. Rather than having to create new accounts or wait hours for testing accounts to be reset as you would have to do with a cloud-only auth provider, you can instead run FusionAuth locally, test against it, and reset it to a known state. 

Let's take a look again at our example app, which runs full end-to-end tests against FusionAuth.

Open the file `example.spec.ts` in the `tests` directory. This is a Playwright test file and contains a handful of tests. If we look at the test named `FA has title` it looks something like this:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/tests/example.spec.ts"} lang="typescript" tags="fa-has-title"/>

You'll see that this test makes a request to `http://localhost:9011/admin` and ensures that HTML is returned with a title tag of `Login`. This test verifies that FusionAuth is running and that it redirects to the login page when the admin UI is accessed.

A more complex test in this test suite is called `log in`. This test logs a user into FusionAuth and then ensures that the user can access the application. Here's the code of this test:

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/tests/example.spec.ts"} lang="typescript" tags="log-in"/>

This test executes these steps in order:

1. Hit the homepage of the application
2. Click the login button
3. Verify that the browser is redirected to FusionAuth's OAuth login page
4. Fill out the login form with the ordinary user's credentials (`richard@fusionauth.io` - `password`)
5. Submit the login form
6. Ensure that the browser is redirected back to the application
7. Ensure the user is logged in

This is a complete test that logs a real user into the application without the need to mock or simulate the login flow. Rather, this uses a real running version of FusionAuth to log the user in.

## Resetting FusionAuth

Now, let's say our tests have made changes to FusionAuth's state such as creating users or deleting users. In this case, we will need to reset FusionAuth. Assuming we are running FusionAuth inside Docker, we run these 2 commands in the terminal window that was running FusionAuth via Docker:

```console
docker compose down -v
```

```console
docker compose up
```

The first command brings FusionAuth down and clears its database. The second command starts FusionAuth back up, which will again use [Kickstart](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/kickstart) to configure FusionAuth for our application.

If you are using a different installation method, no problem. Stop FusionAuth, delete the database, and restart it. Usually this looks something like this:

```console
bin/shutdown.sh
```

```console
psql -U postgres -c 'drop database fusionauth;'
```

```console
bin/startup.sh
```

You might need to tweak these commands for your platform and database.

## Testing in CI/CD

Beyond testing locally, most development teams leverage a CI/CD system to automate tests and deploy their software. There are a ton of different CI/CD systems, but let's review how our example app runs its own tests in the Github Actions CI system.

If you open the file `.github/workflows/main.yaml`, you'll see that this file is a Github action that performs a number of steps. The important steps in this file are the ones that start FusionAuth and run the tests. Here's the command that starts FusionAuth via Docker in Github Actions:

```yaml
- name: Start FusionAuth
  uses: fusionauth/fusionauth-github-action@v1
  with:
    FUSIONAUTH_VERSION: latest
    FUSIONAUTH_APP_KICKSTART_DIRECTORY_PATH: kickstart
```

This leverages a Github Marketplace action called [fusionauth/fusionauth-github-action](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-github-action). This action will run FusionAuth within Github Actions such that our tests can leverage it. This might also require you to configure a Kickstart file that FusionAuth will use, but we'll leave that as an exercise for you to handle.

The next step of our example app's Github Action is to run the tests. This is done with these commands:

```yaml
- name: Install npm dependencies
  run: |
    npm install
    npx playwright install-deps
    npx playwright install
  working-directory: .

- name: Start app
  run: npm run dev & # & in background
  working-directory: .

- name: Run Playwright tests
  run: npx playwright test --project=chromium
  working-directory: .
```

These steps load any necessary dependencies, start our application, and then run the Playwright tests.

Depending on the CI/CD tool you are using, you might need to tweak all of these items to get them working.

The key takeaway from this step is that since FusionAuth is downloadable, it provides the best way to run real tests against it without the need for mocking, simulations, or any cumbersome test environment resets.

## Next steps

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
  <PageNavCard href="step-6" text="<-" textFirst={false} title="Step 6: Logout"/>
  <PageNavCard href="step-8" text="->" textFirst={true} title="Step 8: Finished"/>
</div>

# Step 8 - Finished

import PageNavCard from '/src/components/PageNavCard.astro';

Congratulations! You've completed your first steps to becoming a FusionAuth master. Even if Typescript, Node, and Express aren't your preferred languages or frameworks, you should have a decent understanding of how applications integrate with FusionAuth to provide authentication and authorization.

To continue your learning journey, explore the rest of the docs. Here's a few links to get you started:

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/customize/look-and-feel/simple-theme-editor" text="" textFirst={true} title="Custom themes"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications#add-an-application" text="" textFirst={true} title="Add an application"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/customize/email-and-messages/message-templates-replacement-variables" text="" textFirst={true} title="Custom messaging"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/operate/secure/advanced-threat-detection#captcha" text="" textFirst={true} title="Increase security with CAPTCHA"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/get-started/core-concepts/roles" text="" textFirst={true} title="Control permissions with roles"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/extend/code/lambdas" text="" textFirst={true} title="Write custom logic with lambdas"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/multi-factor-authentication" text="" textFirst={true} title="Increase security with MFA" />
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/operate/secure/advanced-threat-detection#customizable-rate-limiting" text="" textFirst={true} title="Configure rate limiting" />
</div>

If you need additional assistance, don't hesitate to reach out by filling out our [contact form](/contact).

Happy coding!

## Previous steps

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
	<PageNavCard href="step-7" text="<-" textFirst={false} title="Step 7: Testing"/>
</div>

# API Consents Platform

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import APIConsentsPlatformDescription from 'src/content/docs/get-started/use-cases/_api-consents-platform-description.mdx';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';

<APIConsentsPlatformDescription />

## Problem

You have valuable data, robust APIs and a substantial user base. You want to build and foster an ecosystem of applications or services on top of your data and APIs to make your data more valuable and to enhance the experience of your users. Such applications are called third-party applications, since you don't create, update, maintain or manage them.

With the API consents platform, let internal or external developers build on your platform, with FusionAuth handling the authentication, consent gathering, and scopes management. Scope is OAuth for "logical grouping of permissions that a third-party application can request".

This is the inverse of the [authorization hub use case](/docs/get-started/use-cases/authorization-hub). Instead of managing access and refresh tokens for external APIs, here you are issuing tokens for your APIs after users offer consent.

## Solution

FusionAuth allows you to manage third-party applications, including custom scopes, for your APIs. FusionAuth can also manage the user consents for each set of scopes, which can vary between different third-party applications.

You can use FusionAuth to:

* centrally manage scopes for your APIs
* store information about third-party applications
* allow users to offer consent to or revoke consent from such applications

This is an example of [the First-Party Service Authorization Mode](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/modes#first-party-service-authorization).

### Are Scopes Different Than Roles?

FusionAuth already lets you assign roles to a user after they log in, and offers full role based access control (RBAC). FusionAuth can also integrate with other authorization methods solutions [such as attribute based access control (ABAC), policy based access control (PBAC) or relationship based access control (ReBAC)](/articles/identity-basics/authorization-models).

Both roles and scopes limit access to data and functionality. But how are scopes different from roles? The table below outlines the differences:

|             | RBAC Roles       | Scopes      |
|-------------|-------------|-------------|
| Applies to  | Users or groups            | Token            |
| Who picks them | Admins or business rules | 3rd party app developers constructing the authorization URL        |
| How are they accepted | By logging in |  By explicitly accepting        |
| Lifetime    | Indefinite until removed            | Token lifetime with optional refreshes            |
| Access enforced by    | Depends on application architecture            | The API being called |
| Visibility | Varies, usually internal to application | Visible to the user via consents |

Use scopes when:

* you have a third party that is going to use the authentication results (the tokens) on behalf of a user
* you want to offer the user control over what data and functionality the third party can access on their behalf

## Prerequisites

You have configured your application or applications to [delegate authentication to FusionAuth](/docs/get-started/use-cases/auth-service) via the Authorization Code grant and are using the hosted login pages. Your user data is stored in FusionAuth.

You have APIs you want to expose and allow applications outside of your organization to access.

You have a paid license installed on your FusionAuth instance. The functionality in this use case requires the Essentials plan or higher. [Learn more about pricing](/pricing).

## Example Scenario

Suppose you are a financial service software package offering payment processing, investment management and more. You are operating under the name Changebank. You want to allow developers to build on top of your APIs to make your software a platform.

You aren't quite sure what applications developers will build, but you hope that they will help your users out and build things like:

* analytics tools
* budget tracking solutions
* investment management and optimization software
* loan comparison software packages

You have APIs for these operations already and are ready to publish them publicly.

You need to manage each of these applications built on your platform. Every user who installs an application will need to give explicit permission to each one to access their data.

To make the scenario even more specific, let's say you are onboarding a developer who built analytics tool. This tool helps users understand their spending habits over time, but won't make any account modifications. Let's walk through how to build a system to give read-only access to the third-party engineering team.

## Actors/Components

* a developer building on your platform, creating an spending analytics application called MoneyScope
* your users, who will, with their consent, allow data to be ingested into MoneyScope
* FusionAuth, which gathers consents, manages the MoneyScope OAuth settings, and issues access tokens 
* Changebank APIs, which will verify access tokens and provide your users' data
* the Changebank application, run by you, where your users normally log in

## Implementation Steps

This is a three phase implementation:

* Set up your platform. This happens once. Define your scopes, ensure your APIs accept access tokens, including scope verification, and build an onboarding plan.
* Onboard a new application to your platform. This happens once per third-party application, and to do so you need to add a new third-party Application in FusionAuth with the appropriate scopes, provide configuration information to the specific engineering (for example, the MoneyScope team). The developers must add the correct URLs to their applications and store resulting tokens.
* The user logs in and authorizes the application. Optionally, you build a page to show the users their authorized applications.

### Set Up Your System

First off, make your APIs available for third-party developers.

#### Define Your Scopes

Think about the type of operations you want your third-party developers to be able to perform; these are called scopes. Group these into similar areas, and give them a name and definition. Scopes: 

* should be coarse grained; they should not map one to one to API endpoints
* can be hierarchical; you could have `account:read` and `account:details:read` where the latter is a subset of the former
* should be designed around business concepts, not technical ones
* must use terms intelligible to the end user

Each scope will have a string representation useful to developers. This can contain any visible ASCII character except `"` and `\`; the `:` and `.` characters are often used as delimiters. You also need to have a text description you can display to your users. For an example, `accounts.read` is the developer version of the scope, but the user display could be `Basic account information and balances`.

Whatever you choose, scopes are long lived once released. Plan to have a beta test with a known set of external and internal developers to test assumptions about the right definitions. It's also better to start with a smaller set of scopes and add more later; easier to give than to take away.

In the Changebank example above, the following scopes can be used:

* `accounts.read`: Basic account information and balances
* `profile.read`: User profile and contact information
* `transactions.read`: Transaction history and details
* `transfers.write`: Initiate money transfers between accounts
* `payments.write`: Make bill payments
* `investments.read`: Investment portfolio information
* `investments.trade`: Execute investment trades
* `creditScore.read`: Access credit score information

#### Modify Your APIs To Check Scopes

Modify your APIs to accept an OAuth access token to determine if a request is allowed or denied. Validate the access token signature and the claims associated with the access token. Your APIs may already support access tokens.

Next, associate every API with one or more scopes. If a request comes in with an invalid scope or no scope, fail the request in the same way you would if the token signature was invalid.

Here are two routes that offer up banking information and check scopes.

<RemoteCode lang="javascript"
            url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-api-consents-platform/refs/heads/main/changebank-apis/routes/index.js"
            title="Example Changebank API routes" 
            tags="routes"
            />

The `hasScope` method looks like this:

<RemoteCode lang="javascript"
            url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-api-consents-platform/refs/heads/main/changebank-apis/services/hasScope.js"
            title="The hasScope logic" 
            tags="hasScope"
            />

You could check claims and signatures at your API gateway rather than in your code, but the process for handling scopes is the same:

* map an API endpoint to one or more scopes
* split the `scope` string provided by the access token
* check if the required scope is present

#### Build Your Onboarding Process

Once you've decided on scopes and implemented checks through the Changebank APIs, build out an application approval and onboarding process. This varies but will include:

* capturing prospective application information, including desired scopes and how users' data is used and stored
* paying fees associated with accessing Changebank APIs and user data
* signing legal agreements regarding data access
* after submission, evaluating the application, including verifying appropriate scopes
* configuring FusionAuth if the application is approved
* getting required configuration to the developer
* promoting the developer's application to your users

The detailed business processes outlined above for onboarding a new third-party application are specific to your organization.

### Onboard A New Third-Party Application

Now that your technical changes are made and onboarding process built, let's walk through setting up MoneyScope.

Since much of the onboarding is business specific, we'll skip over that and jump into the FusionAuth changes and the technical communication with the MoneyScope development team.

#### FusionAuth Configuration

As part of your onboarding evaluation, you gathered the type of data MoneyScope needs. Now, create a new Application in FusionAuth with these scopes. 

Since you are onboarding an analytics tool, only the `read` options should be even considered. After discussion with the developers, you decide that the following scopes will be required:

* `accounts.read`: Basic account information and balances
* `profile.read`: User profile and contact information
* `transactions.read`: Transaction history and details

Required scopes are included in the consent of the user automatically, though they are still displayed. MoneyScope can expect APIs or data corresponding to these scopes to be available.

These scopes will be optional, which means the user can choose to allow or disallow them during the consent process:

* `investments.read`: Investment portfolio information
* `creditScore.read`: Access credit score information

MoneyScope should fully function without the APIs or data corresponding to these scopes. 

You can use the admin UI to configure scopes for your application.

![Configured scopes for the example scenario.](/img/docs/get-started/use-cases/api-consents-scopes.png)

You can also do this with [our SDKs](/docs/sdks). Here's sample code to create the application:

<RemoteCode lang="javascript"
            url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-api-consents-platform/refs/heads/main/create-application/create-application.js"
            title="Using the TypeScript SDK to create the application" 
            tags="createApplication"
            />

Here's sample code to add needed scopes:

<RemoteCode lang="javascript"
            url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-api-consents-platform/refs/heads/main/create-application/create-application.js"
            title="Using the TypeScript SDK to create the application" 
            tags="createScopes"
            />

You could also use the [FusionAuth Terraform provider](/docs/operate/deploy/terraform) to manage the application and scopes.

If you need to support multiple languages, you can [localize the displayed consent messages](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/localization#oauth-scope-consent-prompt). This allows every user to see the consent screen in their preferred language.

#### Communicate With The Third-Party Developer

Once you've provisioned the application in FusionAuth, provide integration information for the MoneyScope developers. Provide these values:

* client Id
* client secret
* scopes, scope requirements, and scope descriptions

The first two correspond to the application and are relatively static. The last could vary depending on what the application needs. For example, one part of the MoneyScope might request only the `accounts.read` scope, whereas others might need data corresponding to all the `read` scopes.

FusionAuth doesn't have a dedicated page for displaying integration details, but you could store them in a database table in your application, or in the `data` field in the application. You could also use [entities to model each third-party company](/docs/extend/examples/modeling-organizations) inside FusionAuth.

Other functionality that might go on such a custom developer portal page includes:

* adding or removing team members with privileges to manage the third-party application
* the ability to rotate the client secret
* a way to request more or fewer scopes from Changebank
* a method to update their contact information, so you can contact the team
* a news feed showing new features available for the APIs your organization offers
* example code for integrating the scopes request

#### Third-Party Developer Actions

Finally, the developer needs to add the correct URL to their application to begin the authentication and authorization process with FusionAuth. The URL will look something like this:

```
${fusionAuthURL}/oauth2/authorize?client_id=${clientId}&response_type=code&redirect_uri={redirectURI}&state=${stateValue}&code_challenge=${codeChallenge}&code_challenge_method=S256&scope=profile%20email%20openid%20offline_access%20accounts.read%20creditScore.read%20investments.read%20profile.read%20transactions.read
```

The `clientId` corresponds to the application created for this developer. The `scope` parameter lists the scopes you and the MoneyScope developers agreed was required for the application.

You can read more about [the other parameters for the authorization code grant](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#authorization-code-grant-request) to learn about the other parameters.

Should this URL be available to anyone or do users have to log in to MoneyScope before they can authorize the application to access their data held by Changebank? Third-party developers could entirely delegate authentication to the Changebank application. Or they could run their own login system and have Changebank login be an authorization process. Choose this option if there is useful functionality in an application even without the access to the Changebank APIs. In that case, there'd be a button to connect with Changebank within the MoneyScope.

After this is done, you should test the MoneyScope application and make sure it works as advertised. Things to test for:

* Scopes are in the URL, and therefore can be edited by a malicious end user. Make sure the third party developer's application handles when scopes are not exactly as they expect.
* Clicking the <InlineUIElement>Cancel</InlineUIElement> button on the consent screen terminates the OAuth workflow. The user is sent to the `redirect_uri` with an OAuth error. The third-party developer must handle this scenario in a way the user expects.

### User Authorization Process

Let's talk about what happens when a user visits MoneyScope.

They have to log in to the Changebank app and give needed consents. 

Here's a diagram of the user authorization flow:

```mermaid title="A diagram of the user authorization flow."
sequenceDiagram
    participant User as Logged In User/Browser
    participant App as MoneyScope
    participant FusionAuth

    User ->> App : Requests Login Page
    App ->> User : Redirects To FusionAuth Authorize URL
    User ->> FusionAuth : Requests Login Page
    FusionAuth ->> User : Returns Login Page
    User ->> FusionAuth : Authenticates 
    FusionAuth ->> FusionAuth : Validates Credentials
    FusionAuth ->> User : Displays Consent Page
    User ->> FusionAuth : Accepts Consents
    FusionAuth ->> User : Returns Redirect To Application
    User ->> App : Requests Redirect URL
    App ->> FusionAuth : Requests Tokens, Including Refresh Token
    FusionAuth ->> App : Sends Tokens
    App ->> App : Stores Tokens
    App ->> User : Display Page
```

Here's an example of the consent screen the MoneyScope user will see.

![Configured scopes for the example scenario.](/img/docs/get-started/use-cases/api-consents-consent-screen.png)

MoneyScope stores the Changebank access and refresh tokens. Then, when it needs it, it makes requests of the Changebank APIs. Depending on the timeframe, it may need to refresh the access token before it calls the APIs.

Here's a diagram of the flow that MoneyScope follows to get the data it needs, when it needs a refresh token:

```mermaid title="A diagram of the flow that MoneyScope follows to get the data it needs."
sequenceDiagram
    participant App as MoneyScope
    participant APIs as Changebank APIs
    participant FusionAuth
  

    App ->> App : Query All Users To Update Data
    loop for each user
       App ->> APIs : Requests Data Using User's (Expired) Access Token
       APIs ->> APIs : Validates Access Token
       APIs ->> App : Returns Unauthorized
       App ->> App : Retrieve User's Refresh Token
       App ->> FusionAuth : Request New Access Token Using Refresh Token
       FusionAuth ->> FusionAuth : Validates Refresh Token
       FusionAuth ->> App : Sends New Access Token
       App ->> APIs : Requests Data Using New Access Token
       APIs ->> APIs : Validates Access Token
       APIs ->> App : Returns Data
       App ->> App : Stores Data
    end
```

### Third-Party Application List

You, as a developer at Changebank, can build a page to display the third-party applications that your users have authorized. This would be a custom page you'd build out using the FusionAuth APIs or SDKs. Here are the steps you'd take:

* Use the FusionAuth user Id to [find all the user's refresh tokens](/docs/apis/jwt#retrieve-refresh-tokens).
* Filter the refresh tokens to find all the application Ids
* [Retrieve each application](/docs/apis/users#retrieve-a-user) and filter out any that do not have an `application.oauthConfiguration.relationship` of `ThirdParty`. You don't want to display any Changebank-owned, first-party applications.
* Display the names of third-party applications with a valid refresh token token, including when the token was issued and scopes issued.

Here's a screenshot of such a screen from GitHub.

![GitHub's connected application screen.](/img/docs/get-started/use-cases/github-authorized-applications.png)

To allow users to revoke access, add a button or action to this page which calls the FusionAuth API and revokes the refresh token. For example, a user could revoke the MoneyScope refresh token. The next time MoneyScope tries to retrieve a new access token, it will be denied.

## Expected Outcome

After implementing this use case, third-party developers can build on top of your APIs, accessing user data with your user's permission.

This fosters an ecosystem of applications around your APIs, which makes your APIs more valuable.

Your users will also have access to functionality that might not ever get built by you.

## Edge Cases

Usually you want to enable self service registration for third-party applications, so that users can from any application that has been onboarded. If you want to control who can authorize specific third-party applications, configure `Require registration` in FusionAuth and turn off self-service registration. In this case, you'll need to register users via the API, SDKs, or admin UI before the third-party application can be used.

In this use case, FusionAuth handles scopes and user consents. There are other considerations you'll want to consider, such as rate limiting and per-call monetization. 

In the example scenario, the consent was displayed every time the user authenticated with FusionAuth. You can also remember the user's decision for a configurable period of time.

You almost always want third-party applications to request the `offline_access` scope, which creates a refresh token. This allows for requests from the third-party applications long after the initial authorization while still allowing you to keep the access token lifetime short.

Even after access is revoked, a third-party application might have user data stored. You can use the [`jwt.refresh-token.revoke` event](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/jwt/jwt-refresh-token-revoke) to notify a third-party application they should remove data associated with the user. Setting this up would be part of the onboarding process.

OAuth scopes as described in this document only applies to grants involving user interaction. The Client Credentials grant follows [a different model of scopes](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/#example-client-credentials-grant).

## Other Example Scenarios

These include:

* A CRM who wants to let third-party developers build mini-apps using their data and APIs
* A social media platform which wants to enable third-party teams to build custom posting applications
* Any platform that wants to allow a [model context protocol (MCP)](https://modelcontextprotocol.io) client to access to APIs guarded by an MCP server
* An e-commerce marketplace that wants to support other companies building tools for inventory management, fulfillment and sales analysis

All of these have a platform with valuable data behind APIs and want to allow API access in a controlled fashion. They all want to build an ecosystem and respect users' choices about their data.

## Additional Documentation

* [The First-Party Service Authorization Mode](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/modes#first-party-service-authorization)
* [The authorization hub use case](/docs/get-started/use-cases/authorization-hub)
* [List of SDKs](/docs/sdks)
* [OAuth scopes documentation](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/scopes)
* [The Authorization endpoint](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#authorize)
* [API gateways integration documentation](/docs/extend/examples/api-gateways/)
* [Custom OAuth scopes in FusionAuth blog post](/blog/custom-scopes-in-third-party-applications)
* [OAuth scopes design post](/blog/how-to-design-oauth-scopes)
* [Example application GitHub repository](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-api-consents-platform)

# App Suite

import AppSuiteDescription from 'src/content/docs/get-started/use-cases/_app-suite-description.mdx';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';

## Overview

<AppSuiteDescription />

## Problem

You have multiple applications you want to share across a common user base.

These applications may:

* be hosted at different domains or under different paths
* use SAML or OIDC for authentication
* be custom, commercial, or open source
* be written using different technology stacks

You want to let your users log in once, and switch between applications without having to log in again. Users may or may not have different roles for each application.

## Solution

With the app suite use case, after the user logs in to one application, they will transparently log in to every application via the magic sauce of FusionAuth SSO. You'll also have only one customer profile to manage. You can view their login activity across the applications.

## Prerequisites

You have configured your application or applications to [delegate authentication to FusionAuth](/docs/get-started/use-cases/auth-service) via the Authorization Code grant and the FusionAuth hosted login pages.

## Example Scenario

Suppose you have a thriving e-commerce business with much clown love and with multiple end user applications:

* an e-commerce store where people can buy clown costumes
* a virtual try-on app which lets you see yourself in the outfits before you buy
* a forum for discussion about the latest trends
* a ticketing system for customer support

Here's a diagram of an app suite as a central hub for these different applications.

![Diagram of an app suite as a central hub for a number of different applications.](/img/docs/get-started/use-cases/app-suite.png)

All of these use FusionAuth for their login. Each is represented by a different application and client Id, but your users transparently log in each time they switch between applications.

## Actors/Components

* your user and their client application (mobile app or browser)
* two or more applications
* FusionAuth

This use case is built on cookies and redirects to FusionAuth. The redirect is typically transparent to the end user.

## Implementation Steps

This is a two step implementation process to ensure customers can access all the applications. Steps to take:

* Ensure end users have their FusionAuth SSO session enabled when they first authenticate.
* When a user is not logged in to a particular application, forward the user to FusionAuth. They'll be transparently logged in and delivered back to the application.

### Force SSO Session Creation

The easiest way to force the SSO session to be created as a user logs in is to modify the login page. You do so by modifying the theme. In the default theme, a user can check or uncheck the `rememberDevice` checkbox, labelled by default "Keep me signed in". To force creation of the SSO session, update the theme to set the `rememberDevice` parameter to `true`. Modify the `OAuth Authorize` template [using the advanced theme editor](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/advanced-themes).

Here's a sample FreeMarker block you can use to update the default template.

```
[@hidden name="rememberDevice" value="true"/]
```

The duration of this SSO session is controlled in the Tenant settings. You can modify it by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Tenant -> Your Tenant -> OAuth</Breadcrumb> and updating the <InlineField>Session timeout</InlineField>.

### Forward Unauthenticated Users

Whenever a user is not logged in and accesses an application in your app suite, forward them to the login URL for FusionAuth. As your applications are already delegating authentication to FusionAuth, use the same logic or library functions to create an authorize URL. Here's an [explanation of how to create the URL and what each component means](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#authorization-code-grant-request).

Here's a diagram of a user switching between the clownwear e-commerce store and the forum.

```mermaid title="An example of an application switch."
sequenceDiagram
    participant User as Logged In User/Browser
    participant Ecommerce as E-commerce Store
    participant Forum 
    participant FusionAuth

    User ->> Ecommerce : Request Page
    Ecommerce ->> User : Return Page
    User ->> Ecommerce : Click On Forum Link
    User ->> Forum : Request Page
    Forum ->> Forum : Attempt To Verify User
    Forum ->> User : Redirect To FusionAuth
    User ->> FusionAuth : Request Login Page
    FusionAuth ->> FusionAuth : Verify User Has Active SSO Session
    FusionAuth ->> User : Return Forum Redirect URL With Authorization Code
    User ->> Forum : Requests Redirect URL
    Forum ->> FusionAuth : Requests Tokens
    FusionAuth ->> Forum : Returns Tokens
    Forum ->> Forum : Examines Tokens, Determines User Is Logged In
    Forum ->> User : Returns Forum Page
```

If a user is browsing the e-commerce store, then clicks on the forum link, they will transparently be logged in to the forum application.

Their client will get a token associated with the forum application, including the roles the user has for that application and claims such as the audience claim (`aud`) set correctly. The user will be logged in to the new application, as desired.

## Expected Outcome

Users switch between your applications transparently and securely. 

## Edge Cases

SSO login works across all apps in a tenant, including those the user isn't registered for. After redirection to and from FusionAuth, the user will be authenticated, but the `applicationId` and `roles` claims will be missing from the access token. Applications must check these claims when determining whether a user is authorized for an application. [Read more about the difference between authentication and authorization](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/authentication-authorization).

When your user logs out, destroy the SSO session as well as each application session. You can do that using API calls or with FusionAuth's Front-Channel logout. [Read more about logout](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/logout-session-management).

Any applications with [self-service registration](/docs/lifecycle/register-users/basic-registration-forms) enabled will automatically register a user with default roles when the user is redirected to the login URL for that application. 

If an application only wants to allow logins from a certain identity provider or impose other conditions, you'll need extra integration work. For example, imagine there's a time tracking app for your clownwear e-commerce store that employees log in to using Google Workspace federation. You don't want customers to be able to view this application. One way you can prevent this with a [login validation lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/login-validation).

The functionality described in this use case only works with [FusionAuth hosted login pages](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/hosted-login-vs-api-login#hosted-login-pages). If you use the Login API, you need to build your SSO implementation.

Applications may have different authentication related requirements. Examples include:

* multi-factor authentication (MFA)
* required registration fields
* registration verification

If a user logs into an application and then switches to another app with different requirements, they will be forced to satisfy the second apps' requirements. For example, suppose that an e-commerce application requires MFA and the forum application does not. If the user initially logs into the forum application and then switches to the e-commerce application, they will be prompted to complete MFA.

## Other Example Scenarios

Applications which share customer or user accounts are a good fit for this use case. Examples include:

* Multiple affiliated online games
* An office suite with an online word processor, spreadsheet and presentation software
* Travel booking software, where you might have one application for booking flights, another for hotels and a third for car rental

## Additional Documentation

* [Single sign-on guide](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/single-sign-on)
* [Logout and session guide](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/logout-session-management)
* [Theme customization](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/)

# Auth as a Service

import AuthServiceDescription from 'src/content/docs/get-started/use-cases/_auth-service-description.mdx';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

## Overview

<AuthServiceDescription />

## Problem

You have an application that you want to add authentication features to. You also want to safely store users' personal identifiable information and credentials.

## Solution

With the auth as a service use case, after integrating FusionAuth with your application, you can add a variety of authentication and authorization features to your application or applications using configuration rather than coding.

Additionally, as FusionAuth improves in security and functionality, you'll be able to enable the features without any further code changes to your application or applications.

This is an example of [the Local Login and Registration Mode](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/modes#local-login-and-registration) and is the foundation of most other use cases.

## Prerequisites

You have a running web or mobile application that has some kind of login flow.

You have a FusionAuth instance up and running.

## Example Scenario

Suppose you have an e-commerce store, where people can buy clown costumes. You want to:

* let the user log in easily, using social logins or magic links
* let the user register
* enable MFA
* verify user emails

## Actors/Components

* your user and their client application (mobile app or browser)
* your application
* FusionAuth

## Implementation Steps

This is a two step implementation to ensure your customers will always be able to buy clown wigs and red noses. First you need to integrate with FusionAuth, then you need to configure FusionAuth to enable desired features.

Here's a typical application login flow before FusionAuth:

```mermaid title="Request flow during login before FusionAuth"
sequenceDiagram
    participant User
    participant App as Application

    User ->> App : View Homepage
    User ->> App : Click Login Link
    App ->> User : Show Login Form
    User ->> App : Fill Out and Submit Login Form
    App ->> App : Authenticates User
    App ->> User : Display User's Account or Other Info
```
And here's the same application login flow after introducing FusionAuth:

```mermaid title="Request flow during login after FusionAuth"
sequenceDiagram
    participant User
    participant App as Application
    participant FusionAuth

    User ->> App : View Homepage
    User ->> App : Click Login Link (to FusionAuth)
    User ->> FusionAuth : View Login Form
    FusionAuth ->> User : Show Login Form
    User ->> FusionAuth : Fill Out and Submit Login Form
    FusionAuth ->> FusionAuth : Authenticates User
    FusionAuth ->> User: Go to Redirect URI
    User ->> App: Request the Redirect URI
    App ->> FusionAuth : Is User Authenticated?
    FusionAuth ->> App : User is Authenticated
    App ->> User : Display User's Account or Other Info
```

### Integrating With FusionAuth

You need to do the following to integrate with FusionAuth:

* Create an application configuration in FusionAuth using the admin UI or the API. This corresponds to your clown goods e-commerce store and tells FusionAuth about the login behaviors you want.
* Choose an integration method. The right option depends on your applications architecture and technology. You can use an OIDC library, one of the FusionAuth SPA SDKs ([Angular](/docs/sdks/angular-sdk), [React](/docs/sdks/react-sdk), [Vue](/docs/sdks/vue-sdk)) or mobile SDKs ([Android](/docs/sdks/android-sdk), iOS coming soon), or a compatible FusionAuth [client library](/docs/sdks).
* Configure the integration method. The exact steps will vary, but typically includes the client Id.
* Update your application and add a link or button to send the user to FusionAuth when they need to log in. The correct URL is displayed in the <Breadcrumb>View</Breadcrumb> screen of the application config or you can build it using the [example authorization code grant](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/#example-authorization-code-grant) documentation. Some OIDC libraries can generate this URL given a client Id.
* When your application receives tokens, the user is successfully "logged in". You should ensure that the e-commerce application considers the user logged in. What exactly that means depends on each particular application, but often involves creating a session and storing user data inside of it.
* Take additional steps such as examining tokens for roles or sending the token to the browser as a cookie. Again, the exact next steps depend on the application.

### Updating FusionAuth Configuration

Now that your application delegates authentication to FusionAuth, additional features can be enabled via configuration. The specific configuration steps depend on the exact feature. You can manage [FusionAuth configuration using IaC or other means](/docs/operate/deploy).

You'll probably want to update the [FusionAuth hosted pages look and feel to match your branding using themes](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/).

## Expected Outcome

You've delegated your application's login functionality to FusionAuth. User profile and credential data is securely stored, and you can enable new functionality through configuration, rather than engineering effort.

## Edge Cases

If you have user data in your application, you'll want to migrate it to FusionAuth. Here's a [helpful migration guide](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/).

In your application, after successful login, validate [the tokens and the claims provided](/articles/tokens/building-a-secure-jwt#consuming-a-jwt) to ensure the token was provided by FusionAuth for your application.

Ensure you modify [the look and feel of the hosted login pages with themes](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/).

{/* TODO link this when data store use case is built out */}
The hosted login pages give you maximal flexibility around look and feel customization, but constrain your login flow options. If you want to build login workflows with unique requirements, use the [Login API](/docs/apis/login). This is the data store use case. An example custom workflow would be:

* prompt for an invite code and have the user provide a login Id 
* send the user an MFA challenge
* present them with a login screen, but only the login Id (email or username)
* ask for the password on the next page

## Other Example Scenarios

Any application which requires a user to log in to access data or functionality matches this use case. Examples include:

* An online game
* An AI content editing application
* A blog
* A support ticketing system
* A social network

In each of these cases there's functionality limited to users based on their identity, profile and permissions.

## Additional Documentation
{/* TODO should update this to point to task based quickstarts, both for MFA and for email verification */ }

* [Enabling Google login](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/google)
* [Enabling SAML Login](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/overview-samlv2)
* [Email verification tenant settings](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenants#identities)
* [MFA guide](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/multi-factor-authentication)
* [General migration guide](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/)
* [Basic self-service registration](/docs/lifecycle/register-users/basic-registration-forms)
* [Theme/look and feel changes](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/)

# Authorization Hub

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import AuthorizationHubDescription from 'src/content/docs/get-started/use-cases/_authorization-hub-description.mdx';

## Overview

<AuthorizationHubDescription />

## Problem

You have an application that leverages social or other platform providers, using their APIs to provide functionality to your users.

You need to manage your users' tokens in one place, as well as easily add new integrations.

With the authorization hub implementation, you can manage tokens for social providers and third party platforms such as:

* Google
* YouTube
* Facebook
* Instagram
* LinkedIn
* Microsoft Entra Id
* Any provider supporting OIDC

This is the inverse of the API consents use case](/docs/get-started/use-cases/api-consents-platform).

## Solution

Use FusionAuth as your hub for this functionality. FusionAuth can be a centralized repository for long lived tokens and make it easier to integrate with third party platforms.

You can use FusionAuth as:

* an adapter for social provider integrations, making it easy to add new ones and stay up to date as the providers change
* a storage location, safely holding long-lived tokens for each user, making them available to your application via a secure API or SDK

This is an example of [the Third-Party Service Authorization Mode](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/modes#third-party-service-authorization).

## Prerequisites

You have configured your application or applications to [delegate authentication to FusionAuth](/docs/get-started/use-cases/auth-service) via the Authorization Code grant and the hosted login pages.

You can also implement this use case without using the hosted login pages, using the FusionAuth APIs. The API you'd use is the `Complete the Login` [Identity Provider APIs](/docs/apis/identity-providers/), but that implementation is beyond the scope of this document.

## Example Scenario

Suppose you have a video posting site, where people can post videos of their favorite pet antics. You want to:

* let a user upload a video to your site
* allow the user to tag the video with metadata
* enhance the video using an algorithm to make the antics extra fun
* then upload the video to the YouTube, Facebook and Instagram accounts of this user

FusionAuth can help with parts of this, including storing the tokens needed to upload the video.

## Actors/Components

* your user and their client application (mobile app or browser)
* your application
* the social provider platforms
  * their identity services
  * APIs you want to access, for video upload functionality
* FusionAuth

## Implementation Steps

This is a two phase implementation.

<Aside type="note">
This document refers to various APIs, but you can also use the [client libraries](/docs/sdks) to interact with FusionAuth.
</Aside>

### Connecting Accounts

First, you need to let users connect their accounts with the platforms.

* Select the social providers whose APIs you need to call. To let a user connect to YouTube, configure a connection to Google using an OIDC Identity Provider (see [Edge Cases](#edge-cases) for a note about the Google Identity Provider). Other platforms might use different providers.
  * Make sure you configure the Identity Providers with the proper scopes. You'll want the scopes for any APIs you'll be calling at the social provider, as well as a refresh token scope. For example, to upload to YouTube, you'll want the `https://www.googleapis.com/auth/youtube.upload` scope and make sure you include the `access_type=offline` parameter. Consult the platform provider documentation for specifics on the correct values.
* Set up the social providers in FusionAuth and enable them in the Application configuration.
* Create a 'Connect Your Account' page that you'll display to users who are logged in.
* Add the 'Connect To YouTube' or other appropriate buttons to this page.
  * The for these buttons is similar to what you'd add to let someone authenticate using a social provider, but you want to use the `idp_hint` parameter. The link look likes this: `https://yourinstance.fusionauth.io/oauth2/authorize?client_id=85a03867-dccf-4882-adde-1a79aeec50df&response_type=code&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fexample.com%2F/connectaccount&idp_hint=82339786-3dff-42a6-aac6-1f1ceecb6c46` 
* The user will connect their YouTube account by clicking on this link. Other platforms will have a different `idp_hint` value corresponding the correct identity provider.
* You should display all accounts the user has connected by using the [Links API](/docs/apis/identity-providers/links#retrieve-a-link). You can also offer the ability to disconnect a user from a provider. You can do this after user action by unlinking the user from the identity provider.

Here's a sequence diagram for requesting and storing the refresh token.

```mermaid title="Requesting and storing the refresh token."
sequenceDiagram
    participant User as Logged In User/Browser
    participant App
    participant FusionAuth
    participant IdentityProvider as YouTube

    User ->> App : Request 'Connect With YouTube' Page
    App ->> App : Generates Connect With YouTube Authorize URL Using 'idp_hint'
    App ->> User : Returns 'Connect With YouTube' Page
    User ->> App : Clicks On 'Connect With YouTube'
    App ->> User : Redirects to FusionAuth
    User ->> FusionAuth : Requests Login Page
    FusionAuth ->> FusionAuth : Examines 'idp_hint'
    FusionAuth ->> User : Redirects to YouTube
    User ->> IdentityProvider : Requests Login Page
    IdentityProvider ->> User : Returns Login Page
    User ->> IdentityProvider : Enter Credentials
    IdentityProvider ->> IdentityProvider : Validate Credentials
    IdentityProvider ->> User : Redirect To FusionAuth With Identity Provider Authorization Code
    User ->> FusionAuth : Requests Page, Has YouTube Authorization Code
    FusionAuth ->> IdentityProvider : Exchange Authorization Code For YouTube Tokens
    IdentityProvider ->> FusionAuth : Returns YouTube Tokens
    FusionAuth ->> FusionAuth : Stores YouTube Refresh Token On Link
    FusionAuth ->> User : Redirect To Redirect URI With FusionAuth Authorization Code
    User ->> App : Request Redirect URI, Has FusionAuth Authorization Code
    App ->> FusionAuth : Request FusionAuth Tokens
    FusionAuth ->> App : Return FusionAuth Tokens
    App ->> App : Redirect To 'Connect With YouTube' Page
    App ->> FusionAuth : Request User's Links Using API
    FusionAuth ->> App : Return User's Links
    App ->> User : Display 'Connected' Message
```

### Accessing Social Provider APIs

Next, when your application needs to interact with the platform, take these general steps.

* Retrieve the [Identity Provider link](/docs/apis/identity-providers/links#retrieve-a-link) using the user's Id and the appropriate Identity Provider Id.
* Retrieve the long lived token stored in the `token` field.
* Offer this token to the provider's token or refresh endpoint to retrieve a new access token.
* Use the access token to make authenticated requests to the social provider's APIs to, for example, upload a video to YouTube.

 There may be slightly different steps to retrieve the access token, or they may use a different term, for certain platforms, but the general flow will be as above. Here's a sequence diagram for requesting the new access token.

```mermaid title="Getting the access token."
sequenceDiagram
    participant User as Logged In User/Browser
    participant App
    participant FusionAuth
    participant IdentityProvider
    participant API

    User ->> App : Uploads Video
    App ->> FusionAuth : Request List Of Links For User
    FusionAuth ->> App : Returns List Of Links
    loop For Each Link
        App ->> App : Extracts Long Lived Token
        App ->> IdentityProvider : Passes Long Lived Token
        IdentityProvider ->> App : Returns Access Token
        App ->> API : Passes Access Token And Video
        API ->> App : Accepts Video For Upload
    end
```

## Expected Outcome

You now have a central, secure repository of long-lived or refresh tokens for your users.

Using the APIs, you can display connections for each user, allowing them to review and revoke them as needed.

Your application can take the long-lived tokens and exchange them for access tokens, which can be used to access platform services.

## Edge Cases

When the long lived token stored in FusionAuth expires or is revoked by the user or platform, any request you make of the social provider's token endpoint will fail. At that point, the user will need to re-authorize and refresh the link. Make sure you build out this functionality.

For Google, prefer the OIDC Identity Provider, which allows you to request a refresh token, rather than the Google Identity Provider, which only offers you the Id token. The OIDC Identity Provider offers more flexibility for this use case. [Learn more](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/google#custom-parameters).

Currently you cannot query user link attributes using the [User Search API](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search/user-search-with-elasticsearch). This means that you can't query FusionAuth to, for example, find out how many users have connected to a certain social provider. Please [follow this GitHub issue for more, including workarounds](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/2335).

## Other Example Scenarios

These include:

* A social media posting site, which integrates with various social media platforms to post content.
* An application which ingests Google or Microsoft Outlook calendars to provide syncing or reminder services.
* A photo sharing site that accesses users photos stored in Google and Facebook and lets users comment on them.

In each of these cases there's a third party platform API which is used to provide app functionality.

## Additional Documentation

* [Multi-Platform Video Uploads blog post](/blog/using-identity-provider-links)
* [The third-party service authorization mode](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/modes#third-party-service-authorization)
* [The API consents use case](/docs/get-started/use-cases/api-consents-platform)
* [List of supported social identity providers](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/#social-identity-providers)
* [List of SDKs](/docs/sdks)
* [Identity link APIs](/docs/apis/identity-providers/links)
* [Google API documentation](https://developers.google.com/identity/protocols/oauth2)
* [Facebook API documentation](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/graph-api/overview)

# Business To Business To Consumer

import B2B2CDescription from 'src/content/docs/get-started/use-cases/_b2b2c-description.mdx';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import UserSegmentTable from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_user-segment-table.mdx';
import CrossTenantUserAccess from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_cross-tenant-access.mdx';
import TenantAuthorizationWarning from 'src/content/docs/get-started/use-cases/_tenant-authorization.mdx';

## Overview

<B2B2CDescription />

<Aside type="note">
There are multiple users in a business to business to consumer (b2b2c) system and the different types can be confusing.

In this document, the term `customer` refers to people who are paying you to use the application you have built. The term `user` refers to their users, the end users of your software application. `Users` are the `customers` free or paid users.
</Aside>

## Problem

You have an application that you sell to customers; they then have their own users. You want these users to safely log in to your application with a customized experience unique to each customer. You also want to safely store users' personal identifiable information and credentials, but allow customers to query and manage their users.

## Solution

With the b2b2c use case, you allow the users of your customers to securely authenticate. You can also allow your customers to manage users.

This use case is appropriate when the identity of the end user is *not* controlled by the customer, but rather by the end user themselves. If the identity of the end user is controlled by the customer, [the b2b2e use case](/docs/get-started/use-cases/b2b2e) is a better option.

## Prerequisites

You have configured your application or applications to [delegate authentication to FusionAuth](/docs/get-started/use-cases/auth-service) via the Authorization Code grant and the hosted login pages.

## Example Scenario

Suppose your company, ClownPass, sells a ticketing system for circuses. Your software package lets customers buy tickets to see adorable clowns and great feats of strength. Circuses sometimes offer free events, so you need to support both paid and free customers.

Your customers are the circuses, and their users are *their* customers. Each circus has their own policies about login methods, password length, and more.

You are super excited because you've landed both Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus and Cirque du Soleil as customers. They have customers of their own, who may be either individuals or organizations buying tickets. Here's a diagram of the relationship between ClownPass, its customers and the end users.

```mermaid title="Circus relationships diagram."
graph TD
    clownpass[ClownPass] --> |Sells ticketing system to| ringling[Ringling Brothers]
    clownpass --> |Sells ticketing system to| cirque[Cirque De Soleil]
    ringling --> |Sells tickets to| customerA[Alex Taylor]
    ringling --> |Sells tickets to| customerB[Jamie Morgan]
    cirque --> |Sells tickets to| customerB
    cirque --> |Sells tickets to| customerC[Chris Jordan]
    cirque --> |Sells tickets to| customerD[AcmeCorp]
```

The set of customers for each circus can overlap. Jamie Morgan is an example of a customer of both circuses.

## Actors/Components

* your customer and their client application (mobile app or browser)
* your customer's users and their client application (mobile app or browser)
* your application
* FusionAuth

## Implementation Steps

There are three implementation steps to ensure your customers' users will always be able to get the tickets they need. This is a tenant based implementation, where users are stored in different FusionAuth tenants.

The steps include:

* Setting up your system to handle adding new customers
* Letting customers' users sign in or register
* Allowing your customers to manage their users and other settings

Here's a high level sequence diagram of the process of adding new customers. Each customer is represented as a tenant.

```mermaid title="Adding new customers."
sequenceDiagram
    participant App
    participant FusionAuth

    App ->> App : Capture Needed Customer Data
    App ->> FusionAuth : Create New Tenant
    App ->> FusionAuth : Create New Application
    App ->> FusionAuth : Configure Other Settings <br/> Such As Tenant Scoped API Key, Theme,<br/> Social Or Other Identity Providers, Etc
    App ->> App : Configure Mapping Between Customer And FusionAuth Settings
```

Here's a high level sequence diagram of a user logging in to one of the customer's ticketing systems. The application is responsible for mapping the user to the correct customer.

```mermaid title="Users logging in."
sequenceDiagram
    participant User as Logged In User/Browser
    participant App
    participant FusionAuth

    User ->> App : Visits App
    App ->> App : Determines Appropriate Application
    App ->> User : Redirects Appropriate Application Authorize URL
    User ->> FusionAuth : Requests Login Page
    FusionAuth ->> User : Returns Login Page
    User ->> FusionAuth : Authenticates 
    FusionAuth ->> FusionAuth : Validates Credentials
    FusionAuth ->> User : Returns Redirect To Application
    User ->> App : Requests Redirect URL
    App ->> App : Looks Up Client Id And Secret
    App ->> FusionAuth : Requests Tokens
    FusionAuth ->> App : Sends Tokens
    App ->> User : Creates Session <br/> And Returns Content For User
```

Here's a high level sequence diagram of a customer admin managing their users. The admin functions are integrated with the application admin screens using API calls.

```mermaid title="Tenant admin management of their users."
sequenceDiagram
    participant User as Logged In Admin User
    participant App
    participant FusionAuth

    User ->> App : Visits App
    App ->> App : Validates User Roles
    App ->> User : Returns Admin Screen
    User ->> App : Visits User Management Section
    App ->> FusionAuth : Requests Users Via API
    FusionAuth ->> App : Returns Users Data
    App ->> User : Displays Users
    User ->> App : Request User Password Reset
    App ->> FusionAuth : Resets User Password Via API
    FusionAuth ->> FusionAuth : Sends Password Reset
    FusionAuth ->> App : Returns Response For Reset Request
    App ->> User : Displays Message
```

Let's look at these steps in detail.

### Adding New Customers

To add new customers, you need to make changes to both the ClownPass ticketing application and FusionAuth configuration.

#### Preparing The ClownPass Application

Make sure your circus SaaS application can handle multiple tenants. At a minimum, you need to ensure your application has some way to distinguish each customer's access points. There are a couple of ways to do this, but the most typical is to offer a different hostname for each customer. If the ticketing application is hosted at `example.com`, you might have the following hostnames:

* `ringling.example.com` for Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus ticketing
* `cirquedesoleil.example.com` for Cirque du Soleil ticketing

Ensure your web application can respond to multiple hostnames. If you don't want to have customer specific hostnames, there are [other options](/docs/extend/examples/multi-tenant#data-plane-application-tenant-determination).

There are many other aspects of a multi-tenant application, such as logically isolating customer data in your application. Such multi-tenant application architecture guidance is beyond the scope of this document.

#### Configuring FusionAuth

For each new customer, you'll need to update configuration in the ClownPass FusionAuth instance. You'll need to:

* create a new tenant
* create a new application in that tenant
* configure the correct redirect URL for the application
* create a new tenant scoped API key with the proper permissions
* configure the application to use desired identity providers, such as Google Login
* create email templates and themes appropriate for the customer's brand

You can script these configuration steps using one of the [SDKs](/docs/sdks). You can also create a template tenant and copy it, modifying as needed.

Record information such as the API key, the client Id and client secret from the FusionAuth Application configuration in your web or mobile application's database. Later, your application will look up this information based on the request hostname.

When using FusionAuth Cloud, you can [configure FusionAuth to respond to different hostnames](/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/cloud#custom-domains). You can also do the same with self-hosted FusionAuth. In addition to the hostnames above, you could also have:

* `auth.ringling.example.com` for Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus login host
* `auth.cirquedesoleil.example.com` for Cirque du Soleil login host

If you don't use hostname customization, users may see a domain name they don't expect when logging in.

Once the customer is set up, users can be registered for your application in a variety of ways. They can:

* be migrated in from an existing store
* register using social sign-on (make sure you create a registration for the user if you do this)
* created directly using the API or SDKs
* register themselves if you enable self-service registration

Pick one or more methods that work for your use case; FusionAuth supports them all.

### User Authentication

When a user comes to the Ringling site hosted by ClownApp, they must be redirected to a FusionAuth authorization URL with the appropriate client Id and redirect URL. This starts the Authorization Code grant to authenticate this user. Here's an [explanation of how to create the URL and what each component means](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#authorization-code-grant-request).

The user sees a Ringling themed page because of the previous customization and the provided client Id. Other interactions with FusionAuth, such as a "forgot password" email, should be Ringling themed as well.

After the user authenticates and is redirected to the ClownPass application, the client Id and client secret is looked up in the application database based on the hostname in the redirect URL. The circus ticketing web application handles many client Ids and secrets, one for each customer. The client Id and client secret are provided to FusionAuth to complete the Authorization Code grant. Here's an [explanation of that request](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#complete-the-authorization-code-grant-request).

The [tokens](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/tokens) contain information about the user and their roles. The ClownPass application can use them to determine correct levels of access or data to retrieve.

### User Management

Customer admins and other privileged users can add, read, update and delete user data using the ClownPass application. While there is a lot of user management functionality exposed as an API that you could add to your application, common functionality includes:

* resetting a user's password
* locking a user
* changing user profile data

The application uses the tenant scoped API key and an SDK to allow customer admins to perform user management.

Users can manage their own profile and credentials using the [self-service account management](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/) provided by FusionAuth.

### Implementation Notes

Each customer's users are entirely separate with this tenant based implementation. A person can sign up with the email address `jamie.morgan@example.com` for both Ringling Brothers and Cirque De Soleil. The person who owns the `jamie.morgan@example.com` email address may not even know the ticketing application for these circuses are both provided by ClownPass.

Each account is entirely separate with no relation to each other. The accounts can have different:

* profile attributes
* credentials
* roles in applications

### Alternative Implementation

The tenant based solution outlined above has separate user spaces. Remember Jamie, the user discussed above? With tenants, each account is different, even if the user uses the same email to log in.

If you want a shared user space, where the `jamie.morgan@example.com` user has the same profile data and credentials no matter which circus they are buying tickets for, you need to use a different approach. Instead of separate tenants, have all users in one tenant and model each circus ticketing application as a separate FusionAuth application configuration.

With this approach, you can't use tenant scoped API keys. Make sure to build and enforce your own authorization scheme to ensure customer admins from Ringling Brothers couldn't access Cirque De Soleils' users.

If you have more complex modelling needs, you can use entities to [model organizations](/docs/extend/examples/modeling-organizations).

Here's a table which shows tradeoffs between these different approaches.

<UserSegmentTable />

You might want to use one of the alternative options if users must be able to seamlessly purchase tickets from different circuses with a single account. This is similar to the approach of GitHub or Slack.

## Expected Outcome

Your web or mobile application has isolated groups of users, one set for each customer. Each user has their own profile data and manages their identity, either in your application or via other login methods such as social sign-on.

Admins can use whatever user management related functionality you choose to expose in your application, using tenant scoped API keys to limit access.

## Edge Cases

<TenantAuthorizationWarning />

The word `tenant` can be overloaded. When you are planning for this use case, make sure you distinguish between tenants in your application and FusionAuth tenants. They don't have to map one to one.

<CrossTenantUserAccess />

## Other Example Scenarios

Any application which has customers who then have their own users or customers is a good fit for this use case.

A very common scenario is a private labelled product sold to SMBs or consumers. Examples include:

* Website builders resold by creative agencies
* Appointment schedulers for hair salons, personal trainers and other service providers
* Private labelled job boards
* Accounting software sold to CPAs and used by the customers they offer tax services to

In each of these cases there is a clear differentiation between the customer organization buying the solution and their end customer. This use case is appropriate when the user identity is *not* controlled by the customer, but rather by the user themselves.

## Additional Documentation

* [Multi-tenant guide](/docs/extend/examples/multi-tenant)
* [Determining the tenant for a user](/docs/extend/examples/multi-tenant#data-plane-application-tenant-determination)
* [Options for segmenting users](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/users#segmenting-users)
* [Theme customization](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/)
* [Email template customization](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/)
* [Blog post about private labeling](/blog/private-labeling-with-multi-tenant)
* [Self-service registration](/docs/lifecycle/register-users/basic-registration-forms)
* [Self-service account management](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/)
* [Tenant scoped API keys](/docs/apis/authentication#using-a-tenant-scoped-api-key)

# Business To Business To Employee

import B2B2EDescription from 'src/content/docs/get-started/use-cases/_b2b2e-description.mdx';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import UserSegmentTable from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_user-segment-table.mdx';
import CrossTenantUserAccess from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_cross-tenant-access.mdx';
import APIKeyCrossTenantNote from 'src/content/docs/apis/_api-key-cross-tenant-note.mdx';
import TenantAuthorizationWarning from 'src/content/docs/get-started/use-cases/_tenant-authorization.mdx';

## Overview

<B2B2EDescription />

<Aside type="note">
There are multiple users in a business to business to employee (b2b2e) system and the different types can be confusing.

In this document, the term `customer` refers to people who are paying you to use the application you have built. The term `user` refers to the customers' users, typically employees or contractors. Users are the end users of your software application.
</Aside>

## Problem

You have an application that you sell to customers; they then have their own users. You want these users to safely log in to your application with a customized experience unique to each customer.

Users' identities are controlled by the associated customer in a datastore they manage. There may be some personal identifiable information of users stored in your authentication system.

You want customers to configure the connection to their own user data store and have your application rely on that connection for authentication and authorization decisions. Your customers control their users' access to your application based on that data store.

## Solution

With the b2b2e use case, you allow the users of your customers to securely authenticate using customers' identity providers, typically via OIDC or SAML. You also allow customers to manage the identity provider configuration.

<Aside type="tip">
This use case is appropriate when the identity of the end user is *controlled* by the customer. If the identity of the end user is controlled by the end user, the [b2b2c use case](/docs/get-started/use-cases/b2b2c) is a better option.
</Aside>

## Prerequisites

You have configured your application or applications to [delegate authentication to FusionAuth](/docs/get-started/use-cases/auth-service) via the Authorization Code grant and the hosted login pages.

## Example Scenario

Suppose your company, ClownTime, sells a time tracking system for circuses. Your software package lets circus clowns and performers track their hours.

Your customers are the circuses, and their users are *their* employees or contractors. Each circus has its own remote user directory, and wants to control access to ClownTime through those directories. Access is not simply allowed or disallowed; some employees are managers and should have greater access to reports in ClownTime.

You are super excited because you've landed both Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus and Cirque du Soleil as customers; they have large staffs to manage. Here's a diagram of the relationship between ClownTime, its customers and the end users.

```mermaid title="Circus relationships diagram."
graph LR
    clowntime[ClownTime] --> |Sells time tracking system to| ringling[Ringling Brothers]
    clowntime --> |Sells time tracking system to| cirque[Cirque De Soleil]
    ringling --> |Collects timesheet from| employeeA[Alex Taylor]
    ringling --> |Collects timesheet from| employeeB[Jamie Morgan]
    cirque --> |Collects timesheet from| employeeB
    cirque --> |Collects timesheet from| employeeC[Chris Jordan]
    cirque --> |Collects timesheet from| employeeD[ContractMarketingCorp]
```

The entities who fill out time sheets can be either people or companies. For example, `ContractMarketingCorp` is a marketing corporation that promotes Cirque du Soleil on a monthly basis. The set of employees for each circus can also overlap. Jamie Morgan is an example of an employee of both circuses.

## Actors/Components

* your customer and their client application (mobile app or browser)
* your customer's users and their client application (mobile app or browser)
* your application
* FusionAuth

## Implementation Steps

There are a few implementation steps to ensure your customers' employees will be able to enter their timesheets correctly. This is a tenant based implementation, where users are stored in different FusionAuth tenants.

Jamie, the user mentioned above who is an employee of both circuses, has two different accounts, one in each tenant. Those accounts have different ids, profile data, and role assignments, even though the same human is logging into each of them.

The steps include:

* Setting up your system to handle adding new customers
* Letting customers' users sign in using their employee directory
* Allowing your customers to manage settings and access reporting

Here's a high level sequence diagram of the process of adding new customers. Each of your customers is a tenant in FusionAuth. With b2b2e, you usually want to capture information needed to configure an identity provider, such as SAML public keys or OIDC client Ids and secrets. Store this in your application and then provide it to FusionAuth via API or SDK. This allows users to log in via the correct identity provider.

```mermaid title="Adding new customers."
sequenceDiagram
    participant App
    participant FusionAuth

    App ->> App : Capture Needed Customer Data, Including Identity Store Information
    App ->> FusionAuth : Create New Tenant
    App ->> FusionAuth : Create New Application
    App ->> FusionAuth : Configure Other Settings <br/> Such As Tenant Locked API Key, Theme,<br/> Required Identity Provider, Etc
    App ->> App : Configure Mapping Between Customer And FusionAuth Settings
```

Here's a high level sequence diagram of a user logging in to a customer's time tracking system. Your application is responsible for mapping the user to the correct customer.

```mermaid title="Users logging in using idp_hints."
sequenceDiagram
    participant User as Logged In User/Browser
    participant App
    participant FusionAuth
    participant IDP as Identity Provider

    User ->> App : Visits App
    App ->> App : Determines Appropriate Application
    App ->> User : Redirects Appropriate Application Authorize URL With idp_hint
    User ->> FusionAuth : Requests Login Page
    FusionAuth ->> User : Returns Redirect To Identity Provider
    User ->> IDP : Requests Login Page
    IDP ->> User : Returns Login Page
    User ->> IDP : Authenticates 
    IDP ->> IDP : Validates Credentials
    IDP ->> User : Returns Redirect To FusionAuth
    User ->> FusionAuth : Requests Redirect URL
    FusionAuth ->> FusionAuth : Updates User Based On Identity Provider Response
    FusionAuth ->> User : Returns Redirect To Application
    User ->> App : Requests Redirect URL
    App ->> App : Looks Up Client Id And Secret
    App ->> FusionAuth : Requests Tokens
    FusionAuth ->> App : Sends Tokens
    App ->> User : Creates Session <br/> And Returns Content For User
```

Here's a high level sequence diagram of a customer admin managing their configuration and running reports. The admin functions are integrated with the application admin screens using API calls.

```mermaid title="Tenant admin management."
sequenceDiagram
    participant User as Logged In Admin User
    participant App
    participant FusionAuth

    User ->> App : Visits App
    App ->> App : Validates User Roles
    App ->> User : Returns Admin Screen
    User ->> App : Visits User Management Section
    App ->> FusionAuth : Requests IDP Configuration Via API
    FusionAuth ->> App : Returns IDP Configuration Data
    App ->> User : Displays IDP Configuration
    User ->> App : Request Login Report
    App ->> FusionAuth : Requests Login Report 
    FusionAuth ->> App : Returns Login Report Data
    App ->> User : Displays Login Report
```

Let's look at these steps in detail.

### Adding New Customers

To add new customers, you need to make changes to both the ClownTime time tracking application and FusionAuth configuration.

#### Preparing The ClownTime Application

Make sure your time tracking SaaS application can handle multiple tenants. At a minimum, you need to ensure your application has some way to distinguish each customer's access points. There are a couple of ways to do this, but the most typical is to offer a different hostname for each customer. If the time tracking application is hosted at `example.com`, you might have the following hostnames:

* `ringling.example.com` for Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus time tracking
* `cirquedesoleil.example.com` for Cirque du Soleil time tracking

Ensure your web application can respond to multiple hostnames. If you don't want customer specific hostnames, there are [other options](/docs/extend/examples/multi-tenant#data-plane-application-tenant-determination).

There are many other aspects of writing a multi-tenant application, such as logically isolating customer data and handling cross-tenant reporting. Such multi-tenant application architecture guidance is beyond the scope of this document.

#### Configuring FusionAuth

For each new customer, you'll need to update configuration in the ClownTime FusionAuth instance. You'll need to:

* create a new tenant
* create a new application in that tenant
* configure the correct redirect URL for the application
* create a new tenant scoped API key with the proper permissions
* configure the desired identity provider, such as a Google Workspace or Entra ID; this often involves sharing a secret or public key
* configure the application to use desired identity provider
* create email templates and themes appropriate for the customer's brand

You can script these configuration steps using one of the [SDKs](/docs/sdks). You can also create a template tenant and copy it, modifying as needed.

Record information such as the API key, the identity provider Id, the client Id and client secret from the application configuration in your application's database. Later, your application will look up this information based on the request hostname.

When using FusionAuth Cloud, you can [configure FusionAuth to respond to different hostnames](/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/cloud#custom-domains). You can also do the same with self-hosted FusionAuth. In addition to the hostnames above, you could also have:

* `auth.ringling.example.com` for Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus login host
* `auth.cirquedesoleil.example.com` for Cirque du Soleil login host

If you don't use hostname customization, users may see a domain name they don't expect when logging in.

Once the customer is set up, you have a variety of methods to get users into FusionAuth. They can be:

* migrated in from an existing store
* provisioned 'just-in-time' by logging in using the identity provider (make sure you create a registration for the user if you do this)
* created directly using the API or SDKs
* provisioned using SCIM, if source user data store supports SCIM

Pick one or more methods that work for your use case; FusionAuth supports them all.

### User Authentication

When a user comes to the Ringling site hosted by ClownTime, they must be redirected to a FusionAuth authorization URL with the appropriate client Id and redirect URL. This starts the Authorization Code grant to authenticate this user. Here's an [explanation of how to create the URL and what each component means](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#authorization-code-grant-request).

Additionally, the `idp_hint` parameter with a value of the identity provider Id should be added to the authorization URL. This skips the FusionAuth login page entirely. Instead, the browser transparently redirects the user to the identity provider.

If you don't use an `idp_hint`, the user will see a custom themed page. Other interactions with FusionAuth, such as the account locked page, should be themed as well.

After the user authenticates and is redirected to the ClownTime application, the client Id and client secret can be looked up in the application database based on the hostname in the redirect URL. The circus time tracking web application handles many client Ids and secrets, one for each customer. The client Id and client secret are provided to FusionAuth to complete the Authorization Code grant. Here's an [explanation of that request](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#complete-the-authorization-code-grant-request).

The [tokens](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/tokens) contain information about the user and their roles. The ClownTime application can use them to determine correct levels of access or data to retrieve.

### Customer Administration

In this use case, customer admins don't interact with FusionAuth as much as in the [b2b2c use case](/docs/get-started/use-cases/b2b2c). After all, the source of record for user data is the customer's configured identity provider, not FusionAuth. But there are still a few ways a customer admin user could interact with data held by FusionAuth. Common functionality includes:

* reviewing or updating identity provider information
* rotating secrets or certificates
* locking a user
* running reports on usage

Your application should use a tenant scoped API key and an SDK to allow customer admins to perform management.

### Implementation Notes

For a b2b2e application, quickly disabling access is critical. Keep the lifetimes of the SSO sessions and tokens low enough to satisfy your requirements. You need to balance your security needs while avoiding degrading the user experience by forcing them to log in repeatedly. Setting the access token lifetime to be short and using the refresh grant is one way to solve this. You can also set up a [deny list](/articles/tokens/revoking-jwts). Using tenants for customers allows you to set different SSO lifetime durations as well as other settings for each customer.

With this use case, the remote identity providers are responsible for authenticating users to their satisfaction, including applying multi-factor authentication (MFA). FusionAuth, and by extension your application, fully trusts these remote data stores.

You can mix users that are authenticated by FusionAuth and those authenticated by an identity provider. For this use case, within one tenant, you should pick one user data store or the other. For example, smaller circuses may not have an identity provider set up; these customers' users can be managed by FusionAuth, while Ringling users can be managed by their identity store. If you do mix them and the user login source can be determined by email address, use [managed domains](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/#managed-domains).

Users that are provisioned 'just-in-time' using identity providers can use reconcile lambdas to modify the user's application registration, including roles. With [lambda HTTP connect](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/lambda-remote-api-calls) these lambdas can retrieve data from other systems via `fetch` calls.

### Alternative Implementations

The tenant based solution outlined above has separate user spaces. Remember Jamie, the user discussed above? With tenants, each account is different, even if the user uses the same email to log in.

If you want a shared user space, where the `jamie.morgan@example.com` user has the same profile data and identity, you need a different approach. Instead of separate tenants, have all users in one tenant and model each circus time tracking application as a separate FusionAuth application configuration. Each application has a different identity provider. You can [require registration](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/authentication-authorization#authorization-and-securing-your-application) for all applications and use a [login validation lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/login-validation) to enforce the mapping between applications and identity providers.

With this approach, you can't use tenant scoped API keys. Make sure to build and enforce your own authorization scheme to ensure customer admins from Ringling Brothers couldn't access Cirque De Soleils' users.

If you have more complex modelling needs, you can use entities to [model organizations](/docs/extend/examples/modeling-organizations).

Here's a table which shows tradeoffs between these different approaches.

<UserSegmentTable />

You might want to use one of the alternative options if users must be able to seamlessly track time with a single user account when they work for different circuses. This is similar to the approach of GitHub or Slack.

## Expected Outcome

Your web or mobile application has an isolated set up for each customer. The customer can control the configuration of their identity provider from within the primary application and the customer's user data store determines access for each of the users.

## Edge Cases

<TenantAuthorizationWarning />

The word `tenant` can be overloaded. When you are planning for this use case, make sure you distinguish between tenants in your application and FusionAuth tenants. They don't have to map one to one.

<CrossTenantUserAccess />

Use tenants to model customers when using SCIM to add their users. It's not recommended to have multiple SCIM servers provisioning users into one FusionAuth tenant. SCIM provisioning requires additional work to register users for roles.

When the user logs out of your application, they are logged out of FusionAuth but not out of the identity provider. Logging them out of the identity provider requires identity provider dependent functionality.

If you have users who are managed locally and users that are managed via an identity provider in the same tenant and you require local users to set up MFA, the identity provider managed users may [run into this issue](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/2357).

## Other Example Scenarios

Any application which has customers who then have employees or users managed in an identity provider or user data story is a good fit for this use case.

A very common scenario is a private labelled product sold to mid-size or large businesses. Examples include:

* IT ticketing systems
* Document collaboration systems
* Procurement software
* Learning management systems

In each of these cases the customer organization is buying the solution from you, the SaaS vendor, and allowing their employees to access it. This use case is appropriate when the user identity is controlled by the customer.

## Additional Documentation

* [Multi-tenant guide](/docs/extend/examples/multi-tenant)
* [Determining the tenant for a user](/docs/extend/examples/multi-tenant#data-plane-application-tenant-determination)
* [Options for segmenting users](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/users#segmenting-users)
* [Theme customization](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/)
* [Email template customization](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/)
* [Blog post about private labeling](/blog/private-labeling-with-multi-tenant)
* [SAML identity provider](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/overview-samlv2)
* [OIDC identity provider](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/overview-oidc)
* [SCIM](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/scim)
* [Searching users](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search/user-search-with-elasticsearch)
* [Tenant scoped API keys](/docs/apis/authentication#using-a-tenant-scoped-api-key)

# Identity Broker

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import IdentityBrokerDescription from 'src/content/docs/get-started/use-cases/_identity-broker-description.mdx';

## Overview

<IdentityBrokerDescription />

<Aside type="note">
  FusionAuth supports deployments in [air-gapped environments](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/reference/air-gapping).
</Aside>

## Problem

You have an application that is embedded in your customer's environment, which could be a private cloud, an on-premises data center, or a remote location. Such deployment often happens for security, compliance or data gravity reasons.

Each of your customers has their own identity system they want to use to control access to your application. You want to integrate with a wide variety of identity systems to offer easy single sign-on, but also want to avoid writing extra integration code or support documentation.

## Solution

With the identity broker implementation, you can integrate your application with FusionAuth once and let your customers configure their identity provider to allow for user login. Supported providers include:

* Google Workspace
* Okta
* Microsoft Entra ID

In fact, any provider supporting OIDC, SAML, or LDAP can be used.

With this approach, your application is simpler to build and maintain and your customers can integrate with their preferred identity store.

## Prerequisites

You have configured your application to [delegate authentication to FusionAuth](/docs/get-started/use-cases/auth-service) via the Authorization Code grant and the hosted login pages.

You have a license for reselling FusionAuth, obtained by [talking to our sales team](/contact). Deploying FusionAuth alongside your application in customer environments requires a reseller license.

## Example Scenario

Suppose you have a data analytics tool that you deploy into a customer's environment. This application allows analysts to apply your proprietary algorithms to their sales data.

But the analysts logging into this application don't want to have yet another set of credentials. They want to use single sign-on against their employer's directory.

## Actors/Components

* your user and their client application (mobile app or browser)
* your application
* the customer's identity store (Okta, Entra Id, Active Directory, etc)
* FusionAuth

## Implementation Steps

This is a four phase implementation, where you do the following:

* integrate FusionAuth into your application deployment process
* build logic to map between remote profile data and your application's user objects
* help customers configure their identity provider
* allow customer's users to log in and access your application

### Embed FusionAuth

You already have FusionAuth working for your application, but when you are building your deployment package, you'll need to include FusionAuth and a compatible database, as well as other [system requirements](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/reference/system-requirements).

You can deploy FusionAuth as a Docker image on Kubernetes or another orchestration system, or as a zip, DEB or RPM file if deploying on a VM or hardware. Either way, make sure there is a network path between your application and FusionAuth.

Make sure you [configure FusionAuth correctly](/docs/reference/configuration). You'll usually want to deploy FusionAuth using the [database search engine](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search#using-the-database-search-engine) to make deployment simpler.

For the initial install, script FusionAuth to a known state using [Kickstart](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/kickstart) to set up an API key with no user intervention. Then script further configuration using [an SDK](/docs/sdks) or [Terraform](/docs/operate/deploy/terraform). Pick the solution closest to how you configure your own application.

You'll want to configure:

* a local admin user 
* an Application representing your analytics application
* a placeholder Identity Provider
* any branding login page customization; prefer a [simple theme](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/simple-theme-editor) for forward compatibility
* the FusionAuth license key or text

Other configuration you may or may not need:

* reconcile and login validation lambdas
* additional API keys
* extra users

For subsequent upgrades, use scripts or Terraform to apply FusionAuth configuration changes, such as adding a new application.

Share the local admin user with your customer so they have access in case their identity provider is not available or is not configured correctly.

#### Configuring The Admin User

Give the admin user the `lambda_manager` and `system_manager` roles. The `lambda_manager` allows for lambda editing. The `system_manager` role gives access to create, update and delete identity provider configuration. 

Give this user a known password that you can share with your customer. You can require them to change it at first login by setting the `passwordChangeRequired` field to `true` when creating the user.

#### Configuring The Identity Provider

This placeholder identity provider can be partially configured with whatever information you have from customer onboarding. Configure these settings as well:

* a known `Id` so that later `idp_hint` operations are simpler
* set `name` to `Customer identity provider`
* set `debug` to `false`
* set `createRegistration` to `true`
* set `enabled` to `true` for your application to enable this identity provider

If you have gathered all needed information during an onboarding, you can configure the identity provider fully.

#### Configuring The Application

The application configuration should include the following:

* the appropriate local redirect URL or URLs for your analytics application
* `application.oauthConfiguration.requireRegistration` to `true` to require user registration

Configuring these settings secures application access and limits it to users with an account in the customer's identity store.

### Mapping Roles

If you use role-based access control (RBAC), you'll need to map roles between the customer's identity store and your application's expected roles. Say your data analytics application has these roles, which each have different functionality available:

* `admin`
* `developer`
* `business_analyst`


Each customer will have roles in their identity store that map to roles in your application, but they'll vary. Here's an example of different possible role names for two customers:

| Your Application   | Customer 1      | Customer 2       |
|--------------------|-----------------|------------------|
| `admin`            | `administrator` | `superadmin`     |
| `developer`        | `dev`           | `engineer`       |
| `business_analyst` | `ba`            | `data_analyst`   |

To map between these, use a custom reconcile lambda. This ensures user data in FusionAuth and any tokens FusionAuth generates have the expected application specific role. 

Here's the body of [an example OIDC reconcile lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/reconcile/openid-connect-response-reconcile) which maps roles from a customer data store to the application roles:

```javascript
function reconcile(user, registration, jwt, id_token, tokens) {
  registration.roles = [mapCustomerRoleToAppRole(jwt.role)];
}

function mapCustomerRoleToAppRole(customerRole) {
  const roleMap = {
    administrator: 'admin',
    dev: 'developer',
    ba: 'business_analyst',
  };

  return roleMap[customerRole] || null;
}
```

The above lambda should be installed in Customer 1's FusionAuth instance. For customer 2, you'd use a different `mapCustomerRoleToAppRole` function. Associate the lambda with the identity provider during the initial configuration.

There may be other profile attributes such as name or title that need mapping. Lambdas can help with these too.

These mappings depend on the customer implementation and may need to be iterated upon.

### Enable Identity Providers

A customer employee or implementation engineer needs to configure FusionAuth to use the customer's identity provider. You can do this in one of two ways:

* give the configurer direct access to the admin UI and the FusionAuth documentation
* add a page to your application which collects needed information and use the [Identity Provider API](/docs/apis/identity-providers/) and/or SDKs to configure it

In either case, plan to guide the customer through the configuration process with support and documentation.

#### Direct Access

For direct access to the admin UI, have the customer log in with the previously created admin user account and follow FusionAuth documentation.

You can also customize the admin UI, to a limited extent. Use the [System API](/docs/apis/system) to modify these aspects by changing the `systemConfiguration.uiConfiguration.*` properties. You can add a custom logo and tweak the color scheme of the admin UI.

Choose this approach if you want to leverage the existing admin UI screens and FusionAuth docs. You can add links in your product docs to the FusionAuth documentation for common identity provider configuration, including options such as Okta or Entra ID. For example, here's documentation for setting up [Microsoft Entra ID](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/azure-ad-oidc).

#### Integrated Approach

With the integrated approach, add a configuration screen to your application capturing all the information needed to set up an OIDC or SAMLv2 connection. Create an API key for your application to use, and use one of the SDKs to create, update or manage the identity provider directly from your application.

This option gives you full control over the user interface and allows you to hide the admin UI from the customer. In addition to the engineering effort required to build that custom interface, this approach requires you to:

* document the values of the form fields
* update your integration when new features that you want to use, such as encrypted SAML assertions, are added

### User Log In

After the customer has configured the identity provider, FusionAuth is set up. The next time an unauthenticated user visits your application, forward them to the identity provider by constructing the authorization URL and providing an `idp_hint`.

If the application you've configured has an Id of `85a03867-dccf-4882-adde-1a79aeec50df` and the identity provider has an Id of `82339786-3dff-42a6-aac6-1f1ceecb6c46`, the login URL might look like this (newlines added for clarity): 

```
https://yourinstance.local/oauth2/authorize?
  client_id=85a03867-dccf-4882-adde-1a79aeec50df&response_type=code&
  redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fyourapp.local%2F/oauth-redirect&
  idp_hint=82339786-3dff-42a6-aac6-1f1ceecb6c46
```

Here's a diagram of the user login process.

```mermaid title="User logging in to the application."
sequenceDiagram
    participant User as Logged In User/Browser
    participant App
    participant FusionAuth
    participant IDP as Customer Identity Store

    User ->> App : Visits App
    App ->> User : Redirects Appropriate Application Authorize URL With idp_hint
    User ->> FusionAuth : Requests Login Page
    FusionAuth ->> User : Returns Redirect To Identity Provider
    User ->> IDP : Requests Login Page
    IDP ->> User : Returns Login Page
    User ->> IDP : Authenticates 
    IDP ->> IDP : Validates Credentials
    IDP ->> User : Returns Redirect To FusionAuth
    User ->> FusionAuth : Requests Redirect URL
    FusionAuth ->> FusionAuth : Updates User Based On Identity Provider Response
    FusionAuth ->> User : Returns Redirect To Application
    User ->> App : Requests Redirect URL
    App ->> FusionAuth : Requests Tokens
    FusionAuth ->> App : Sends Tokens
    App ->> User : Creates Session <br/> And Returns Content For User
```

#### Blocking Users

There may be certain sets of users that you don't want to have access to your analytics application, even if they can log in using the remote identity server.

Block these users from logging in using the [login validation lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/login-validation). Say you wanted to prevent anyone with the `dev` role from logging to the analytics application. You'd use a lambda body similar to this one:

```javascript
function validate(result, user, registration, context) {
  if (registration.roles && registration.roles.contains('dev')) {
    result.errors.generalErrors = [{
      code: "[LoginRestricted]",
      message: "Sorry, you can't log in. Please contact the app administrator for more details."
    }];
  }
}
```

#### Troubleshooting The Login Process

If there are issues, enable the `debug` setting in the Identity Provider configuration and review the event log, under <Breadcrumb>System -> Event Log</Breadcrumb>.

## Expected Outcome

Deploy your application into any environment and have FusionAuth take care of the authentication integration.

Your engineering team leverages FusionAuth tokens for identity data. They can code against the FusionAuth API or use the SDKs if user information beyond that is needed.

Your customers can configure their own identity store and have all their users log in using that.

## Edge Cases

If you are using LDAP instead of OIDC or SAML, you'll use a [LDAP connector](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors/ldap-connector) with migration disabled instead of an OIDC or SAMLv2 Identity Provider. Follow the documentation to configure the connector. The customer's users will see the FusionAuth login screen, which you can customize, instead of being redirected.

You can also add local users to your FusionAuth instance, to enable access if a customer's identity store becomes unavailable or is misconfigured.

You can support more than one remote identity data store. If, for example, you're deploying into an enterprise and there are two departments with two different identity stores, configure both of them. You'll need to either remove the `idp_hint` and let users choose which identity store to log in with, or update the logic which builds the initial login URL to provide the correct `idp_hint` for users from each department.

While you do not have to use internet routable addresses or domain names, FusionAuth and the application delegating authentication to it must be able to communicate over the network.

With this use case, you can support social identity providers such as Facebook or LinkedIn. These require internet access.

## Other Example Scenarios

These include:

* healthcare software deployed into a hospital network
* a retail analytics engine running in stores
* an IoT management system deployed in a remote geography
* a legal discovery platform installed inside a client's firewall

## Additional Documentation

* [The auth facade pattern](/articles/ciam/auth-facade-pattern)
* [Unsupervised case study](/blog/unsupervised-avoids-development-maintenance-with-with-fusionauth)
* [OIDC reconcile lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/reconcile/openid-connect-response-reconcile)
* [SAMLv2 reconcile lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/reconcile/samlv2-response-reconcile)
* [Login validation lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/login-validation)
* [LDAP connector](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors/ldap-connector)

# Use Cases

import AuthServiceDescription from 'src/content/docs/get-started/use-cases/_auth-service-description.mdx';
import AppSuiteDescription from 'src/content/docs/get-started/use-cases/_app-suite-description.mdx';
import B2B2CDescription from 'src/content/docs/get-started/use-cases/_b2b2c-description.mdx';
import B2B2EDescription from 'src/content/docs/get-started/use-cases/_b2b2e-description.mdx';
import M2MCommunicationDescription from 'src/content/docs/get-started/use-cases/_m2m-communication-description.mdx';
import IdentityBrokerDescription from 'src/content/docs/get-started/use-cases/_identity-broker-description.mdx';
import AuthorizationHubDescription from 'src/content/docs/get-started/use-cases/_authorization-hub-description.mdx';
import DataStoreDescription from 'src/content/docs/get-started/use-cases/_data-store-description.mdx';
import APIConsentsPlatformDescription from 'src/content/docs/get-started/use-cases/_api-consents-platform-description.mdx';

As a flexible developer tool, FusionAuth can be used in many different ways. We've even heard of customers using us for localized email template management.

But there are a few key use cases that FusionAuth particularly shines at, and this section outlines them.

## Decision Flowchart

By answering a few questions, you can narrow down how FusionAuth fits into your application or applications.

```mermaid
graph TD
	authenticatedentity(Authenticating people or machines/software?) -- Machines --> m2m[Machine to machine]
	authenticatedentity -- People --> b2borb2btox(Does the end user identity belong to you or to your customers?)
	b2borb2btox -- Mine --> b2x(Do you have a suite of multiple applications?)
	b2x -- Yes --> appsuite[Application suite]
	b2x -- No --> platformorauthasservice(Creating a platform w/APIs for other apps to use?)
	platformorauthasservice -- No --> authasservice[Auth as a service]
	platformorauthasservice -- Yes --> apiconsents[API user consents and delegated access]
	b2borb2btox -- My customers --> b2b2x(Do your customers own their users' identities via a directory?)
	b2b2x -- No --> b2b2c[B2B2C]
	b2b2x -- Yes --> b2b2eorbyoidp(Are you deploying software into customer environments?)
	b2b2eorbyoidp -- Yes --> byoidp[Identity broker]
	b2b2eorbyoidp -- No --> b2b2e[B2B2E]
```

You can also combine options, using FusionAuth to provide more than one core application service.

## Use Case Table

Here's a table of the common use cases. If you have questions, feel free to [contact our technical sales team](/contact) or [post in our community forum](/community/forum/).

| I Want To | Use Case Name | Description |
|------------|------------|------------|
| Log in to my application using FusionAuth to enable authentication features, such as MFA, to be configured rather than coded. | [Auth as a service](/docs/get-started/use-cases/auth-service) | <AuthServiceDescription /> |
| Enable SSO between my applications. | [App suite](/docs/get-started/use-cases/app-suite) | <AppSuiteDescription /> |
| Allow my customers to offer access to my software to their customers, who are consumers. | [Business to business to consumer (b2b2c)](/docs/get-started/use-cases/b2b2c) | <B2B2CDescription /> |
| Allow my customers to offer access to my software to their customers, who are businesses, and their employees. | [Business to business to employee (b2b2e)](/docs/get-started/use-cases/b2b2e) | <B2B2EDescription /> |
| Use standards based authentication for my APIs or other software systems. | [Machine to machine communication (m2m)](/docs/get-started/use-cases/machine-to-machine) | <M2MCommunicationDescription /> |
| Embed FusionAuth in my deployable application to provide a single interface for my engineering team, while allowing my customers to bring their own identity providers. | [Identity broker](/docs/get-started/use-cases/identity-broker) | <IdentityBrokerDescription /> |
| Easily add 'authorize' buttons for third party platforms, and manage the tokens used to access third party APIs. | [Authorization hub](/docs/get-started/use-cases/authorization-hub) | <AuthorizationHubDescription /> |
| Build a platform for others to access my APIs on behalf of my users using OAuth grants. | [API user consents and delegated access](/docs/get-started/use-cases/api-consents-platform) | <APIConsentsPlatformDescription /> |
| Control all the UX and use FusionAuth only for the backend of my auth system. | Data store | <DataStoreDescription /> |

# Machine To Machine Communication

import M2MCommunicationDescription from 'src/content/docs/get-started/use-cases/_m2m-communication-description.mdx';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import DataFieldDataTypeChanges from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_data-field-data-type-changes.mdx';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';

## Overview

<M2MCommunicationDescription />

## Problem

You have software programs, devices or APIs which need to authenticate and access data or functionality. You want to manage this in a central location. Each of these entities have specific permissions that may change over time.

## Solution

With the machine to machine (m2m) use case, model everything inside FusionAuth using Entity Management. Each entity (the aforementioned software programs, devices or APIs) is granted permissions against any other entity. Permissions against an entity can also be granted to a user.

To test if permissions are granted, use the [Client Credentials grant](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/#example-client-credentials-grant) to get an access token, which can be presented to APIs to access data or functionality.

## Prerequisites

You have at least two pieces of software that need to securely communicate with each other without any humans in the loop. This could include APIs, AI agents, or devices.

You have a paid license installed on your FusionAuth instance. The functionality in this use case requires the Starter plan or higher. [Learn more about pricing](/pricing).

## Example Scenario

Machine to machine communication is very flexible, and can include communication between any software entities. If this example doesn't fit your use case, consider [other example scenarios](#other-example-scenarios).

Suppose you have a hardware business selling internet enabled clock radios. The radio ships with the ability to tell time and tune into FM stations, but you want recurring revenue as well, so you offer two upsells, a news API and weather API. A user can subscribe and provide their zip code. Then, in the groggy morning hours, they can press a button on their clock radio for either news or weather. Basic subscriptions get weather, and premium plans get both news and weather.

You need to tie each device to a plan paid for by the user. Since users might change from not having a plan to a basic plan, or from basic to premium you also need to allow the device permissions to change over time.

You can do this by representing each clock radio with a software "twin". Then, you can modify the twin and change the APIs that the hardware device can call. This is also known as creating a digital twin.
'
### Why Not Use API Keys

Before talking implementation, you might be wondering about API keys and why they could not be used to manage the device access to the weather and news APIs. The access token generated by the Client Credentials grant is essentially an API key, proving the clock radio's identity and level of access. Why not simply give a static API key to each clock radio and call it good?

By using an access token for machine to machine communication, you see the following benefits:

* the access token is time bound and expires; if someone steals it, access is limited
* the process is standards based
* the client Id and secret are centrally managed and monitored
* the access tokens can be validated without contacting FusionAuth
* granular permissions and other data can be placed in the token

## Actors/Components

* a weather API which returns weather
* a news API which returns news
* devices: clock radios
* code running on the devices
* FusionAuth

## Implementation Steps

This is a five step implementation process to enable m2m communication. Steps to take:

* set up entity types
* create digital twins for each clock radio
* have the clock radio request the API
* have the API respond
* modify the digital twin as needed

The next time the radio makes a request, the access token will only be granted for the appropriate permissions.

### Setting Up Entity Types

Entity types define permissions and token lifetime. To set up the entity types and permissions, create an `APIType` Entity Type with two possible permissions, `news` and `weather`. If you needed more permissions later, you could add them to the `APIType` Entity Type.

You'll also need the `ClockRadioType` Entity Type. This doesn't need any permissions, since nothing is granted permissions against this type of entity.

![Entity types for digital twins.](/img/docs/get-started/use-cases/m2m-entity-types.png)

Configure the lifetime of the JWT issued in the Client Credentials grant. Select an asymmetric signing keypair as well, so that the access token can be verified without contacting FusionAuth.

![JWT settings for digital twins.](/img/docs/get-started/use-cases/m2m-configure-entity-type-jwt.png)

Finally, set up one `API` Entity, which has the `APIType` entity type. Access to this API will be granted in the next step.

### Creating The Digital Twin

For each clock radio, create an Entity in FusionAuth which will function as a digital twin. This is something that you should write code for, using [one of the SDKs](/docs/sdks), because you need to do this for every device. You'll need to [create an API key](/docs/apis/authentication#api-key-authentication) to automate this.

Here's example code to create the entity and then grant the `news` permission:

<RemoteCode lang="javascript"
            url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-machine-to-machine/refs/heads/main/create-entity/create-entity.js"
            title="Create the entity and grant the permission"
            />

Finally, distribute the client Id and secret to each clock radio so that it can request an access token. If you want to do this in reverse order, and set up the device with a known client Id and secret and then set up the entity, you can do that as well, as long as the [client Id is a UUID](/docs/reference/data-types#uuids).

### Making The API Request

When the radio is ready to make the API request, it must obtain an access token. Then it will make a call against the appropriate API endpoint, passing along the token and other data needed for the request. The API can validate the token and return the data. Here's a diagram outlining this flow.

```mermaid title="A clock radio making an API request."
sequenceDiagram

    participant ClockRadio as Clock Radio
    participant FusionAuth
    participant API as News API

    ClockRadio ->> FusionAuth : Request Access Token
    FusionAuth ->> FusionAuth : Validate Request
    FusionAuth ->> ClockRadio : Return Token
    ClockRadio ->> API : Request News Data With Token
    API ->> API : Validate Token
    API ->> ClockRadio : Return Data
    Note over API, ClockRadio: Time passes
    ClockRadio ->> API : Request News Data Again, With Token
    API ->> API : Validate Token
    API ->> ClockRadio : Return Data
```

You obtain the access token using [the Client Credentials grant](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/#example-client-credentials-grant). If needed, modify the body of the access token by using a [Client Credentials JWT Populate lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/client-credentials-jwt-populate). Here's an example of the grant request made by a clock radio.

<RemoteCode lang="javascript"
            url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-machine-to-machine/refs/heads/main/request-api/request-news.js"
            title="Request the access token"
            tags="requestAccessToken"
            />

Present the access token to the API along with your request. This is typically done using the `Authorization` header, but can be customized based on what the API expects.

<RemoteCode lang="javascript"
            url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-machine-to-machine/refs/heads/main/request-api/request-news.js"
            title="Make the API request with the access token in the Authorization header"
            tags="fetchNews"
            />

### Building The API Response

The API validates the access token, using a library to check the signature and the other claims. Here's an example helper middleware validating an access token in an Express API, which reads the token either from a cookie or from the `Authorization` header.


<RemoteCode lang="javascript"
            url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-machine-to-machine/refs/heads/main/apis/services/verifyJWT.js"
            title="Validating the access token in the API"
            />

This code checks the following parts of the access token:

* signature
* expiration time
* issuer claim
* audience claim

You must further check the permissions from the validated token using code like this helper method:

<RemoteCode lang="javascript"
            url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-machine-to-machine/refs/heads/main/apis/services/hasPermission.js"
            title="Validating the access token in the API"
            />

You can do this in the API route:

<RemoteCode lang="javascript"
            url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-machine-to-machine/refs/heads/main/apis/routes/index.js"
            title="Validating the access token in the API"
            />

Implementation of the actual APIs is incomplete in this example application.

Our [quickstarts show how to validate the access token in an API](/docs/get-started/quickstarts/api/) in other languages.

Validate the access token directly, rather than using introspection. Introspection by an API of the access token obtained via a Client Credentials grant doesn't work as you might expect. [More details in this GitHub issue](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/3010).

### Changing The User's Plan

When the user changes their plan, you can update the entity's permissions. Here's sample code to update the plan and permissions.

```javascript
import {FusionAuthClient} from '@fusionauth/typescript-client';
import 'dotenv/config'

const FUSIONAUTH_API_KEY = process.env.FUSIONAUTH_API_KEY;
const BASE_URL = process.env.BASE_URL;
const RECIPIENT_ENTITY_ID = process.env.RECIPIENT_ENTITY_ID;
const TARGET_ENTITY_ID = process.env.TARGET_ENTITY_ID;
const PERMISSIONS = ['news','weather'];

const client = new FusionAuthClient(FUSIONAUTH_API_KEY, BASE_URL);

async function grantPermission(entityId) {
  try {
    const req = {
      grant: {
        permissions: PERMISSIONS,
        recipientEntityId: entityId
      }
    }
    const response = await client.upsertEntityGrant(TARGET_ENTITY_ID, req);

    console.log('Permission granted:', response);
  } catch (error) {
    console.error('Error granting permission:', JSON.stringify(error));
  }
}

async function updateEntity(entityId) {
  try {
    const response = await client.patchEntity(entityId, {
      entity: {
        data: { plan: 'premium' }
      }
    });
    console.log('Entity updated:', response);
  } catch (error) {
    console.error('Error updating entity:', JSON.stringify(error));
  }
}

(async () => {
  await updateEntity(RECIPIENT_ENTITY_ID);
  await grantPermission(RECIPIENT_ENTITY_ID);
})();
```

The next time an API request is made, updated permissions will be included in the access token.

## Expected Outcome

Your devices now have a digital twin that can be used to securely manage device authentication and authorization against APIs and services.

You can change the permissions and capabilities of these devices over time.

## Edge Cases

The admin UI for managing entities can be cumbersome. Use the admin UI to explore functionality but prefer the SDKs or direct API access to manage entities in production.

No "on behalf of" semantics are currently supported, where machines communicate in sequence. [Read more on the GitHub issue](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1471).

You can rotate client secrets, but you cannot change the device's entity Id. To modify that value, create a new entity.

Entity Ids are always UUIDs.

### Limits On The Data Field

<DataFieldDataTypeChanges />

## Other Example Scenarios

Whenever software talks to other software without a human in the mix, that's machine to machine communication. Examples include:

* APIs calling other APIs in a microservices based application
* a cron job making calls against a protected service every night at 11pm
* CI/CD pipelines where you are making calls against remote services to, for example, push a container image
* external tooling built by developers integrating with your platform; the client Id and secret can be managed in a developer portal

## Additional Documentation

* [An example Client Credentials grant](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/#example-client-credentials-grant)
* [Examples of how to validate the access token in an API](/docs/get-started/quickstarts/api/)
* [Entity management](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/entity-management)
* [Customize the access token body with a lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/client-credentials-jwt-populate)
* [Videos on using the Client Credentials grant for API authentication](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rT-VTtgligI&list=PLUOVyt5DYPpNzRdTKrio0P0a4mktqLPN9)
* [Securing your API blog post](/blog/securing-your-api)
* [Types of Kubernetes authentication](/articles/authentication/types-of-kubernetes-auth)
* [Example machine to machine application](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-machine-to-machine)

# FusionAuth Documentation

import QuickstartCard from '/src/components/quickstarts/QuickstartCard.astro';

FusionAuth is a Customer Identity and Access Management (CIAM) server that provides:

* Authentication
* Authorization
* User Management

```mermaid title="FusionAuth connects users, applications, and identity providers"
graph LR
	classDef orangeBorder stroke:#ff9800,stroke-width:2px;
    User -->|authenticates| FA(FusionAuth):::orangeBorder
    App -->|delegates auth| FA
    
    FA <-->|brokers identity| IdP[External IdPs]

    User(("fa:fa-user<br>User")) -->|consumes| App[Application]
```

FusionAuth provides a full implementation of [OAuth2](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth), [OpenID Connect (OIDC)](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/overview-oidc), and [SAML v2](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/saml), where FusionAuth functions as both a [Service Provider (SP)](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/overview-samlv2) and a [SAML Identity Provider (IdP)](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/saml#configure-fusionauth-as-a-saml-identity-provider).

## Try

To get started with FusionAuth today, check out one of our [quickstarts](/docs/get-started/quickstarts/).

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
	<QuickstartCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/spa/react" icon="/img/icons/react.svg" title="React"/>
	<QuickstartCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-python-django-web" icon="/img/icons/python.svg" title="Django"/>
	<QuickstartCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/app/quickstart-swift-ios-native" icon="/img/icons/swift-iOS-mobile.svg" title="iOS"/>
	<QuickstartCard href="/docs/get-started/quickstarts/api/quickstart-golang-api" icon="/img/icons/golang.svg" title="Go"/>
</div>

## Deploy

You can deploy FusionAuth anywhere: self-hosted on a [local machine](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/docker), on-premises in [your own cloud](/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/marketplaces), on an [air-gapped server](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/reference/air-gapping), or via a [managed FusionAuth Cloud instance](/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/cloud).

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
	<QuickstartCard href="/docs/get-started/download-and-install/docker" icon="/img/icons/install-locally.svg" title="Self-Host"/>
	<QuickstartCard href="/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/marketplaces" icon="/img/icons/marketplace.svg" title="Cloud Marketplace"/>
	<QuickstartCard href="/pricing?step=plan&hosting=basic-cloud" icon="/img/icons/fusionauth-cloud.svg" title="FusionAuth Cloud"/>
</div>

## Customization

FusionAuth is highly customizable, both in appearance and behavior. You can control every [page](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/simple-theme-editor) and [message](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/message-templates-replacement-variables). You can use lambda functions to customize [data validation](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/login-validation), [MFA challenge logic](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/mfa-requirement), [token transformation](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/jwt-populate), and [much more](/docs/extend/code/lambdas). You can use webhooks to [react to a wide variety of events](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events).

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
	<QuickstartCard href="/docs/customize/look-and-feel/simple-theme-editor" icon="/img/icons/icon-customize-docs.svg" title="Theme"/>
	<QuickstartCard href="/docs/customize/email-and-messages/message-templates-replacement-variables" icon="/img/icons/dl-single-page-app.svg" title="Messages"/>
	<QuickstartCard href="/docs/extend/code/lambdas" icon="/img/icons/apis.svg" title="Lambdas"/>
</div>

## Authentication Protocols

FusionAuth supports most popular authentication protocols, including username/password, [a wide range of identity providers](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers), [passkeys](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/webauthn-passkeys), and [passwordless logic like magic links and OTP](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless).

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
	<QuickstartCard href="/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers" icon="/img/icons/identity-authentication.svg" title="Identity Providers"/>
	<QuickstartCard href="/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/#social-identity-providers" icon="/img/icons/social-sign-on.svg" title="Social Sign-On" />
	<QuickstartCard href="/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/#enterprise-identity-providers" icon="/img/icons/enterprise-sign-on.svg" title="Enterprise Sign-On" />
	<QuickstartCard href="/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/webauthn-passkeys" icon="/img/icons/ciam.svg" title="Passkeys"/>
	<QuickstartCard href="/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless" icon="/img/icons/magic-links.svg" title="Passwordless"/>
</div>

## Authorization

Define permissions using role-based access control (RBAC) with [users](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/users), [roles](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/roles), [groups](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/groups), [applications](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications), and [entities](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/entity-management). For highly granular permissions, check out our [fine-grained authorization](/docs/extend/fine-grained-authorization) integration.

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
	<QuickstartCard href="/docs/get-started/core-concepts/roles" icon="/img/icons/manage-permissions.svg" title="Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)"/>
	<QuickstartCard href="/docs/extend/fine-grained-authorization" icon="/img/icons/auth-facade-pattern.svg" title="Fine-Grained Authorization (FGA)"/>
</div>

## Security

Configure threat mitigation and detection features like [multi-factor authentication (MFA)](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/multi-factor-authentication), [breached password detection](/docs/operate/secure/breached-password-detection), [rate limiting](/docs/operate/secure/advanced-threat-detection#customizable-rate-limiting), and [captcha](/docs/operate/secure/advanced-threat-detection#captcha) to keep both you and your users secure.

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
	<QuickstartCard href="/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/multi-factor-authentication" icon="/img/icons/identity-authentication.svg" title="Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)" />
	<QuickstartCard href="/docs/operate/secure/advanced-threat-detection#captcha" icon="/img/icons/registration-best-practices.svg" title="Captcha"/>
	<QuickstartCard href="/docs/operate/secure/advanced-threat-detection#customizable-rate-limiting" icon="/img/icons/quickstart.svg" title="Rate Limiting" />
</div>

## Support

When you can't figure out how to solve a problem yourself, FusionAuth provides [first-class support](/docs/operate/troubleshooting/technical-support) from battle-hardened humans.

# Application Authentication Tokens

import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';

In most cases, Users authenticate using a login Id (email or username) plus a password. FusionAuth hashes passwords with a strong cryptographic hash such as BCrypt. The process of hashing is intentionally slow by design to limit the risk of brute force attacks. In some cases, you might need a way to speed up authentication without reducing the hashing strength for the normal login process.

To solve this problem, FusionAuth supports the concept of Authentication Tokens. Authentication Tokens are an Application specific way of
authenticating Users. For each Application, you can enable Authentication Tokens and then allow Users to authenticate using this authentication token.

An Authentication Token is a sequence of characters and it can be used in place of your normal password. If you allow FusionAuth to generate the
token for you which is highly recommended, the token is built using a secure random generator and the URL safe Base64 encoded to produce a string 43 characters in length.

While 128 bites of entropy is generally considered to be sufficiently secure , the generated Authentication Token provides 256 bites of entropy. This value is calculated
by multiplying the number of characters by the entropy per character, and because a Base64 encoded character provides a entropy of 5.954 bits, a 43 character string will have 256 bits of entropy.

### Enabling Authentication Tokens

To enable Authentication Tokens, open the FusionAuth web interface and navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> from the main menu. Edit the Application you want to use Authentication Tokens for and click the Security tab. You'll see an option like this:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/authentication-token.png" alt="Authentication Tokens" width="1200" role="shadowed" />

Enable this option and save the change to your Application.

### Generating Authentication Tokens

Once the Authentication Tokens are enabled for a specific Application, you can ask FusionAuth to generate one for a User by creating or
updating a User Registration. To accomplish this, you will set the request parameter named `generateAuthenticationToken` to true in
the request JSON like this:

<API method="PUT" uri="/api/user/registration"/>

<JSON title="Example Request JSON" src="user-registrations/create-request-with-authentication-token.json" />

This request will result in a response that includes an Authentication Token like this:

<JSON title="Example Response JSON" src="user-registrations/response-with-authentication-token.json" />

For more information, review the [User Registration APIs](/docs/apis/registrations).

### Authenticating Using a Token

Once a User has been given an Application specific Authentication Token, you can supply it on the [Login API](/docs/apis/login) as long as
you include the Application Id in the request as well.

Note that you must provide a valid API key unless you've also unchecked the <InlineField>Require an API key</InlineField> setting in the <InlineUIElement>Login API Settings</InlineUIElement>.

Here is an example request to the Login API:

<JSON title="Example Request JSON" src="login/request-with-authentication-token.json" />

# Contextual Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)

import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import EnterprisePlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_enterprise-plan-blurb.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

This page explains why and how FusionAuth asks for MFA during the login process.

For guidance on implementing MFA using FusionAuth, see the [MFA documentation](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/multi-factor-authentication).

## When is MFA Required?

FusionAuth displays an MFA challenge to the user when a login attempt meets one of the following criteria:

* Does the tenant or application enable or require MFA?
* Has the user provided an MFA method?
* Did the user log in using an Identity Provider such as Google or OIDC? In this case, MFA is never required.
* Has the device passed appropriate contextual checks, such as using a known device?

The following diagram shows the FusionAuth MFA logic:

```mermaid title="High level diagram of MFA logic."
graph TD
    isPolicyEnabled[Is MFA Turned On For This Tenant?] --> |No| noChallengePolicy[Do Not Challenge User]
    isPolicyEnabled --> |Yes| identityProviderLogin[User Logged In Using an Identity Provider?]
    identityProviderLogin --> |Yes| noChallengeIdentityProvider[Do Not Challenge User]
    identityProviderLogin --> |No| isUserMFAEnabled[Has the User Set Up MFA?]
    isUserMFAEnabled --> |No| isUserMFARequired[Is MFA Required By Tenant Or Application?]
    isUserMFAEnabled --> |Yes| devicePassesContextualCheck[Does the Device Pass Contextual Check?]
    devicePassesContextualCheck--> |Yes| noChallengeContextualCheck[Do Not Challenge User]
    devicePassesContextualCheck--> |No| challengeContextualCheck[Challenge User]
    isUserMFARequired --> |No| noChallengeMFARequired[Do Not Challenge User]
    isUserMFARequired --> |Yes| promptMFASetupRequired[Prompt MFA Setup]

    style noChallengePolicy stroke:#00FF00,stroke-width:4px
    style noChallengeIdentityProvider stroke:#00FF00,stroke-width:4px
    style noChallengeMFARequired stroke:#00FF00,stroke-width:4px
    style noChallengeContextualCheck stroke:#00FF00,stroke-width:4px

    style promptMFASetupRequired stroke:#FF0000,stroke-width:4px
    style challengeContextualCheck stroke:#FF0000,stroke-width:4px
```

### Contextual Checks

Contextual checks are based on attributes of the request evaluated every time a user authenticates. These checks include:

* Has this device been seen before?
* Has this user been seen before on this device?
* Is there a suspicious login detected for this authentication attempt?

The duration of trust of the device can be configured with the <InlineField>tenant.externalIdentifierConfiguration.twoFactorTrustIdTimeToLiveInSeconds</InlineField> configuration value.

The goal of this contextual check is to challenge the user for another factor of authentication whenever FusionAuth determines the risk of invalid access outweighs user friction.

Depending on [your license](#license-limitations), you can configure MFA policies at both the tenant and application level.

### Tenant MFA Configuration

Tenant configuration applies to all applications within a tenant. The MFA policy has three values:

* `Disabled`: no MFA challenge occurs
* `Enabled`: an MFA challenge occurs only if the user has a valid MFA method
* `Required`: an MFA challenge always occurs, requires users without MFA to configure an MFA method

Here's a diagram of the MFA challenge logic when the tenant has a policy for MFA.

```mermaid title="Tenant MFA decision logic."
graph TD
    applicationMfaPolicy[MFA Policy At Application Level Configured?] --> |True| applicationMfaPolicyControls[Application MFA Policy Controls]
    applicationMfaPolicy --> |False| tenantMfaPolicy
    tenantMfaPolicy[What is MFA Policy At Tenant Level?] --> |Disabled| noChallenge[Do Not Challenge User]
    tenantMfaPolicy --> |Enabled| checkUserConfigEnabled[Check User Has MFA Method]
    tenantMfaPolicy --> |Required| checkUserConfigRequired[Check User Has MFA Method]
    checkUserConfigEnabled --> |MFA Configured| contextualMFACheck[Check Request Context]
    checkUserConfigEnabled --> |No MFA Configured| noChallengeUserConfig[Do Not Challenge User]
    checkUserConfigRequired --> |MFA Configured| contextualMFACheckRequired[Check Request Context]
    checkUserConfigRequired --> |No MFA Configured| forceUserToSetupMFA[Prompt User To Set Up MFA]
    contextualMFACheck --> |Context Check Fails| challenge[Challenge User]
    contextualMFACheck --> |Context Check Succeeds| noChallengeContextual[Do Not Challenge User]
    contextualMFACheckRequired --> |Context Check Fails| challengeRequired[Challenge User]
    contextualMFACheckRequired --> |Context Check Succeeds| noChallengeContextualRequired[Do Not Challenge User]

    style noChallengeContextualRequired stroke:#00FF00,stroke-width:4px
    style noChallenge stroke:#00FF00,stroke-width:4px
    style noChallengeContextual stroke:#00FF00,stroke-width:4px
    style noChallengeUserConfig stroke:#00FF00,stroke-width:4px
    style challengeRequired stroke:#FF0000,stroke-width:4px
    style challenge stroke:#FF0000,stroke-width:4px
    style forceUserToSetupMFA stroke:#FF0000,stroke-width:4px
```

### Application MFA Configuration

Application configuration applies to a single application within a tenant. Application policies always supersede the tenant policy.

With an active application MFA configuration, there is an MFA policy with three possible values:

* `Disabled`: no MFA challenge occurs
* `Enabled`: an MFA challenge occurs only if the user has a valid MFA method
* `Required`: an MFA challenge always occurs, requires users without MFA to configure an MFA method

An additional trust policy determines if an application accepts the results of other MFA challenges with the following options:

* `Any`: any application's challenge results are acceptable
* `This`: only this application's challenge results are acceptable
* `None`: no application's challenge results are acceptable, always displays an MFA challenge

Here's a table outline possible scenarios for different trust policies.

| Trust Policy             | Example Application                  | Notes                                                                 |
|--------------------------|--------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `Any`           | Apps in a [suite of applications](/docs/get-started/use-cases/app-suite) such as Google Drive, Google Calendar and Gmail           | Any MFA challenge is good enough since they all have roughly the same risk profile. |
| `This`          | A gambling application which uses real money in a suite which has other fantasy gaming apps. | The other fantasy gaming apps might not require MFA at all, but if they do, it's not a high enough level of security for the "real money" gambling application. |
| `None`          | An internal admin dashboard | Access should be strictly controlled and user friction is not an issue. |

Here's a diagram of MFA challenge logic when the application has a policy for MFA.

```mermaid title="Diagram of application MFA decision logic."
graph TD
    applicationMfaPolicy[What is MFA Policy At Application Level?] --> |No Application Policy Present| deferToTenant[Defer To The Tenant Policy]
    applicationMfaPolicy --> |Disabled| noChallenge[Do Not Challenge User]
    applicationMfaPolicy --> |Enabled| checkUserConfigEnabled[Check User Has MFA Method]
    checkUserConfigEnabled --> |MFA Configured| contextualMFACheck[Check Request Context]
    checkUserConfigEnabled --> |No MFA Configured| noChallengeNoMFAConfigured[Do Not Challenge User]
    applicationMfaPolicy --> |Required| checkUserConfigRequired[Check User Has MFA Method]
    checkUserConfigRequired --> |MFA Configured| contextualMFACheckRequired[Check Request Context]
    checkUserConfigRequired --> |No MFA Configured| forceUserToSetupMFA[Prompt User To Set Up MFA]
    contextualMFACheck --> |Context Check Fails| challenge[Challenge User]
    contextualMFACheck --> |Context Check Succeeds| trustPolicyMFACheck[What is the Application MFA Trust Policy?]
    contextualMFACheckRequired --> |Context Check Fails| challengeRequired[Challenge User]
    contextualMFACheckRequired --> |Context Check Succeeds| trustPolicyMFACheck
    trustPolicyMFACheck --> |Any| noChallengeTrustPolicyAny[Do Not Challenge User]
    trustPolicyMFACheck --> |This Application| trustSource[Is MFA Trust From This Application?]
    trustSource --> |This Application| noChallengeAppMatch[Do Not Challenge User]
    trustSource --> |Any Other Application| challengeTrustSource[Challenge User]
    trustPolicyMFACheck --> |None| challengeTrustPolicyNone[Challenge User]

    style noChallenge stroke:#00FF00,stroke-width:4px
    style noChallengeNoMFAConfigured stroke:#00FF00,stroke-width:4px
    style noChallengeTrustPolicyAny stroke:#00FF00,stroke-width:4px
    style noChallengeAppMatch stroke:#00FF00,stroke-width:4px

    style challenge stroke:#FF0000,stroke-width:4px
    style challengeRequired stroke:#FF0000,stroke-width:4px
    style challengeTrustSource stroke:#FF0000,stroke-width:4px
    style challengeTrustPolicyNone stroke:#FF0000,stroke-width:4px
    style forceUserToSetupMFA stroke:#FF0000,stroke-width:4px
```

## License Limitations

Not all plans support all MFA features. The plan you are on affects the MFA options available to you and your users. Learn more about [plan features](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/premium-features) and [pricing](/pricing).

The following contextual MFA features are limited to the specified plan.

### Enterprise Only

* Application MFA policies
* Suspicious Login Contextual Check

### Any Paid Plan

* Email MFA
* SMS MFA
* User MFA Enrollment Account Management Pages

### Any Plan

* TOTP MFA
* Tenant MFA policies
* User MFA Enrollment APIs
* Application MFA policies for the FusionAuth Admin UI only

## MFA Challenges After Identity Provider Login

If a user logs in with an Identity Provider such as Google or OIDC, FusionAuth does not challenge for MFA. [FusionAuth trusts that the correct MFA challenge process happens at Identity Provider](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/#account-security). 

There's an [open issue to add a policy to allow for more control](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/2005) in this scenario.

## Custom MFA Logic

You may need more granularity on who is challenged for an additional factor during login. For example, you might want everyone who is a member of a certain group or has a certain `user.data` field to complete an MFA challenge.

To customize MFA to meet your needs, use one of the following methods:

### MFA Requirement Lambda

Under <Breadcrumb> Customization -> Lambdas </Breadcrumb>, create a new Lambda of type "MFA requirement lambda".

The following example forces an MFA check for any user whose email address includes the string 'gilfoyle':

```javascript
function checkRequired(result, user, registration, context) {
  if (user.email.includes('gilfoyle')) {
    result.required = true;
  }
}
```

For more information, see [the MFA requirement lambda documentation](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/mfa-requirement).

### Use a Webhook

1. Set a tenant or application policy to `Enabled` and then use the API to ensure that everyone in the `mfa_required` group has an MFA method.
1. Use a [transactional `user.update` webhook](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/user-update) to ensure that the MFA method can't be removed while the user is in that group.
1. Set the trust duration to be the same or less than your session length.
1. If you are using the application policy, set the trust policy to `This`.

### Redirect Users Through a Special Application

The following example guarantees that all users in the `mfa_required` group are challenged with MFA whenever they log in:

1. Create an "MFA check" application with an MFA policy of `Required` and a trust policy of `None`.
1. After a user logs in, examine their profile on an interstitial page.
   1. If they are in the `mfa_required` group, redirect them to this application. They will be prompted for MFA and then redirected to the initial application.
   1. Users that are not in the `mfa_required` group can be sent directly through to the application.

Make sure the MFA check application uses a lambda to set the `aud` and `applicationId` claims to values expected by any access token consumers.

This is similar to doing a conditional step-up authentication on the interstitial page, without using the step-up API.

## MFA Challenges Outside Of The Login Process

If you need to prompt for MFA outside of the login process, use step-up authentication. For example, you could display an MFA challenge when a user performs a high-risk action like initiating a money transfer. Use the [2FA API](/docs/apis/two-factor#start-multi-factor) to perform this process.

For more information, see the [step-up authentication](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/multi-factor-authentication#step-up-auth) documentation.

## Limitations On MFA Challenges

There's an [open issue](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/2357) about unexpected MFA behavior and workarounds when a user logs in with an identity provider but SSOs to an application with a login policy of `Required`.

If a user signs up with an MFA method that is allowed for a tenant, such as email, and the tenant configuration changes later to disable that MFA method, the user can still use that MFA method. Users cannot, however, add disabled MFA methods. If you are disabling an MFA method previously in use, it's recommended you search for users using that method and remove it using a script, updating each user.

# SAML v2 with ADFS

import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import Icon from 'src/components/icon/Icon.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

This page will guide you in configuring SAML v2 for Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS), enabling a <InlineUIElement>Login with ADFS</InlineUIElement> button in your FusionAuth login flow.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/samlv2-adfs-login.png" alt="SAML v2 Login" width="1200" role="shadowed" />

## Import ADFS Certificate into FusionAuth

First, import the certificate used by ADFS for signing into FusionAuth.  This certificate can be obtained from your ADFS administrator and can also be retrieved from the ADFS metadata endpoint `<ADFS FQDN>/FederationMetadata/2007-06/FederationMetadata.xml` (look for the `<X509Certificate>` tag within `<ds:Signature>`).  Microsoft relays this certificate as a base64-encoded string.

Using Keymaster in the FusionAuth admin panel, the certificate can be imported as a base64-encoded string.  Leave the  <InlineField>Key identifier</InlineField> property blank, as this will be autogenerated from thumbprint the existing certificate.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/samlv2-adfs-import-certificate.png" alt="ADFS Import Certificate" width="1200" role="shadowed" />

## Create a SAML v2 Identity Provider

To create an Identity Provider follow the steps documented in the [SAML v2 Overview](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/) with the following specifics for configuring ADFS.

The IdP endpoint of ADFS is noted in the ADFS management console under <Breadcrumb>AD FS -> Service -> Endpoints</Breadcrumb>.  By default the URL is ```<ADFS FQDN>/adfs/ls```.

Enable the <InlineField>Debug</InlineField> toggle to receive debug logs in the FusionAuth Event Log.

Enable the <InlineField>Use NameId for email</InlineField> toggle.

Set the <InlineField>Verification key</InlineField> to the ADFS certificate you imported in the previous step.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/samlv2-adfs-add.png" alt="ADFS Import Certificate" width="1200" role="shadowed" />

## Add Relying Party Trust

### Note the FusionAuth Issuer

View the integration details of the newly created SAML v2 Identity provider by clicking the <Icon name="fa-search" /> search icon on the IdP card.

Copy the value noted in the <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> field to be used in the following step.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/samlv2-adfs-issuer.png" alt="ADFS Issuer" width="1200" role="shadowed" />

### Create a Relying Party Trust

[//]: # (TODO Update screenshot, the view dialog now has complete integration details and we can discuss the endpoints documented)

[//]: # (     - Should we scale the screen shots? Or if we keep what is here - it is using a CSS shadow and needs some additional top and bottom margins)

[//]: # (       so it doesn't overrun the text with the shadow.)

[//]: # (TODO - AD screenshots should show a real address &#40;not Ngrok&#41; and Screenshots of FA should be using https://local.fusionauth.io)

[//]: # (     - AD screenshots should perhaps be re-captured to be a bit cleaner and consistent sizing?)

In the ADFS management console under <Breadcrumb>AD FS -> Trust Relationships -> Relying Party Trusts -> Add Relying Party Trust...</Breadcrumb> to start the <InlineUIElement>Add Relying Party Trust Wizard</InlineUIElement>.

In the second dialog of the wizard, input the value previously obtained <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> value into the `Federation metadata address (host name of URL)` field.

For all of the remaining steps in the wizard you can accept the defaults and click <InlineUIElement>Next ></InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/samlv2-adfs-relying-party-wizard.png" alt="ADFS Issuer" width="800" role="box-shadow" />

## Add Claim Rules

In the ADFS management navigate <Breadcrumb>AD FS -> Trust Relationships -> Relying Party Trusts -> trust created in the previous step -> Edit Claim Rules...</Breadcrumb> to create a new claim rule for your newly created relying party trust.

First add a claim rule to map the LDAP <InlineField>E-Mail Addresses</InlineField> attribute to an `E-Mail` attribute.  Add a new claim rule with the <InlineField>Claim Rule Template</InlineField> field set to "Send LDAP Attributes as Claims" and click <InlineUIElement>Next ></InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/samlv2-adfs-claim-rule-email-1.png" alt="Send LDAP attributes as claims" width="800" role="box-shadow" />

Add a name for the claim rule in the `Claim rule name` field.

Set the `Attribute Store` field to "Active Directory", the `LDAP Attribute` field to "E-Mail Addresses" and the <InlineField>Outgoing Claim Type</InlineField> attribute to "E-Mail Address", then click <InlineUIElement>Finish</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/samlv2-adfs-claim-rule-email-2.png" alt="Map E-Mail attribute" width="800" role="box-shadow" />

Next add a claim rule to map the `E-Mail Address` attribute to a `Name ID` attribute.  Add a new claim rule with the <InlineField>Claim Rule Template</InlineField> field set to "Transform an Incoming Claim" and click <InlineUIElement>Next ></InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/samlv2-adfs-claim-rule-nameid-1.png" alt="Map E-Mail attribute" width="800" role="box-shadow" />

Add a name for the claim rule in the <InlineField>Claim rule name</InlineField> field.

Set the <InlineField>Incoming claim type</InlineField> field to "E-Mail Address", the <InlineField>Outgoing claim type</InlineField> field to "Name ID", the <InlineField>Outgoing name ID format</InlineField> field to "Email", select the <InlineField>Pass through all valid claims</InlineField> radio button, and click <InlineUIElement>Finish</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/samlv2-adfs-claim-rule-nameid-2.png" alt="Map E-Mail attribute" width="800" role="box-shadow" />

The finalized claim rules should look similar to the following screenshot.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/samlv2-adfs-claim-rule-complete.png" alt="Map E-Mail attribute" width="550" role="box-shadow" />

That's it, you can now use the <InlineUIElement>Login with ADFS</InlineUIElement> button on the login page to login using ADFS as an identity provider.

# OpenID Connect with Azure AD

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import AzureAside from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_azure-ad-entra-id.mdx';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import {Content as IdentityProviderOverviewDiagram} from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_identity-provider-overview-diagram.mdx';
import IdpFormFields from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_idp-form-fields.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

Once you have completed this configuration you may enable an OpenID Connect <InlineUIElement>Login with Azure AD</InlineUIElement> button for one or more FusionAuth Applications. See [Microsoft Entra ID - Register An App Quickstart Guide](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity-platform/quickstart-register-app) as an additional reference.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/azure-openid-connect-login.png" alt="Login with Azure AD" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

<IdentityProviderOverviewDiagram identity_provider_name="Azure AD" />

<AzureAside />

### Register a New Azure Active Directory Application

You will first need to login to the [Azure Portal](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/features/azure-portal/).

Once logged in, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Azure Active Directory -> App Registrations -> New Registration</Breadcrumb> to create a new Azure Active Directory Application.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/azure-openid-connect-register-application.png" alt="Register a new Azure AD Application" width="1200" />

Here we have configured our application `Redirect URI`.  If FusionAuth is running at `https://login.fusionauth.io`, this value should be `https://login.fusionauth.io/oauth2/callback`.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/azure-openid-connect-client-id.png" alt="Azure AD Client ID and Tenant ID" width="1200" />

Once the application has been created, note the `Application (client) ID` and the `Directory (tenant) ID`.  These will be used respectively as the <InlineField>Client Id</InlineField> value and to construct the <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> value in your FusionAuth OpenID Connect Identity Provider configuration.

### Create a New Azure Active Directory Application Secret

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Azure Active Directory -> App Registrations -> Your Application -> Certificates & secrets -> New client secret</Breadcrumb> to create a new Azure Active Directory Application Client Secret.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/azure-openid-connect-client-secret.png" alt="Azure AD Client Secret" width="1200" />

Note the `VALUE` of the created client secret.  This will be used as the <InlineField>Client secret</InlineField> value in your FusionAuth OpenID Connect Identity Provider configuration.

### Configure a New FusionAuth OpenID Connect Identity Provider

To create an Azure AD Identity Provider return to FusionAuth and navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb> and click <InlineUIElement>Add provider</InlineUIElement> and select <InlineUIElement>OpenID Connect</InlineUIElement> from the dialog.

This will take you to the `Add OpenID Connect` panel, and you'll fill out the required fields.

You will need to set the <InlineField>Client authentication method</InlineField> to `HTTP Basic authentication (client_secret_basic)`.

<InlineField>Client Id</InlineField> and <InlineField>Client secret</InlineField> values reference the previously noted Azure AD Application's `Application (client) ID`, client secret `VALUE`. The <InlineField>Redirect URL</InlineField> is read only and generated for you based upon the URL of FusionAuth, this value should match the one you configured in your Azure application.

Azure AD has implemented a well-known configuration endpoint, so FusionAuth will be able to discover the necessary endpoints using a discovery document by entering the Microsoft Authority URL in the <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> field. To see the <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> field, you may need to toggle <InlineField>Discover endpoints</InlineField>.

The Microsoft URL may differ across national clouds, so you will need to review the Microsoft documentation to ensure you have the correct URL for your region. For the Microsoft global Azure AD service, the URLs are as follows, where `{tenantId}` is the `Directory (tenant) ID` previously noted while creating our Azure AD Application.

- Azure AD v1  `https://login.microsoftonline.com/{tenantId}`
- Azure AD v2  `https://login.microsoftonline.com/{tenantId}/v2.0`

You may set a <InlineField>Reconcile lambda</InlineField> to map attributes from the JWT provided by Azure AD to the FusionAuth user or registration. This is optional. [Learn more about lambdas](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/reconcile/openid-connect-response-reconcile). You may also modify the <InlineField>Button text</InlineField> or <InlineField>Button logo</InlineField> if desired.

You will need to specify `openid` as a <InlineField>Scope</InlineField>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/top-of-fusionauth-azure-ad-oidc-config.png" alt="FusionAuth Azure AD IdP Configuration" width="1200" />

Scroll down and make sure you enable this Identity Provider for your application. In the following screenshot you will see that we have enabled this login provider for the `Pied Piper` application and enabled `Create registration`.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/bottom-of-fusionauth-azure-ad-oidc-config.png" alt="FusionAuth Azure AD IdP Configuration" width="1200" role="top-cropped" />

That's it, now the <InlineUIElement>Login with Azure AD</InlineUIElement> button will show up on the login page of our `Pied Piper` application.

<IdpFormFields getStartedHref="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/quickstart-register-app"
               getStartedText="Azure - Register An App Quickstart Guide"
               idp="Azure"
               linkingStrategy="Link on email.  Create the user if they do not exist" />

# SAML v2 with Azure AD

import AzureAside from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_azure-ad-entra-id.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

This documentation will guide you in configuring SAML v2 IdP for Azure AD/Microsoft Entra ID. In this case, FusionAuth will act as Service Provider (SP) to Azure AD (IdP). Functionally, the result will allow you to display a <InlineUIElement>Login with Azure AD</InlineUIElement> button on your FusionAuth login page and connect via SAML to Azure AD users/applications.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/new-login-button.png" alt="New Login With Azure-Button" width="1200" />

<AzureAside />

## Create an Application in Azure

<Aside type="note">
This guide uses SAML and Azure Single Sign-on functionality.
</Aside>

If you have already configured an Azure AD Enterprise application, skip this section. If you have not, please follow the brief steps outlined below:

1. From the [Azure account portal](https://portal.azure.com/#home) navigate to <Breadcrumb>Enterprise Applications</Breadcrumb>.
2. At the top of the screen click on <InlineUIElement>New application</InlineUIElement>
3. Click on <InlineUIElement>Create your own application</InlineUIElement>
4. Name the application
5. Select the third option - `Integrate any other application you don't find in the gallery (Non-gallery)`.
6. Click <InlineUIElement>Create</InlineUIElement>

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/create-non-gallery-application.png" alt="Create Azure AD Application" width="1200" />

## Configure Your Azure Application

From your application home screen, click on <Breadcrumb>Single sign-on</Breadcrumb>. Select the SAML option.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/configure-single-sign-on-saml.png" alt="Configure Single-sign with SAML" width="1200" />

There are five steps to configure Azure AD. However, there is a bit of a procedural dilemma. Before you can move forward, you need an Entity ID (in this case, this will be obtained from our FusionAuth IdP once created) so that Azure AD can generate a X.509 certificate. However, before you can create an IdP in FusionAuth to get the Entity ID, you need an X.509 certificate. The below steps will solve this problem by:

1. Creating a "placeholder" X.509 certificate and importing this into Key Master.
2. Making a SAML IdP in FusionAuth (Entity Id) with a placeholder certificate selected.
3. Updating your Azure AD Enterprise application with values from your newly created IdP, thereby getting a valid X.509 certificate.
4. Revisiting your SAML IdP in FusionAuth and updating with the correct X.509 certificate from the above step.
5. Completing your integration.

If you already have a valid X.509 certificate, you can complete step two above using this valid certificate and skip a few of the steps below.

With that discussed, let us begin!

## Import a "placeholder" X.509 Certificate

The first step is to import a "placeholder" certificate into Key Master.

```
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
```

Using the above "placeholder" certificate, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Key Master</Breadcrumb> and click <InlineUIElement>Import Certificate</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/import-certificate.png" alt="Import Certificate" width="1200" />

After you configure Azure AD, you'll get another X.509 certificate which will be the one actually used during a SAML login.

## Create a SAML v2 Identity Provider

In the FusionAuth administrative user interface, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers -> Add</Breadcrumb>.

The identity provider you will be adding is a `SAML V2` identity provider.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/idp-saml-configuration.png" alt="IdP SAML configuration" width="1200" />

The following fields will need to be completed.

- <InlineField>Name</InlineField>. This is user-defined, so pick something that describes this connection such as "Pied Piper Azure AD".
- <InlineField>IdP endpoint</InlineField>. This value can be obtained from your Azure AD Application as demonstrated below. You will want to copy the `Login URL` value from Azure AD into this field.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/step-four-idp-endpoint.png" alt="Get Login URL values From Step Four" width="1200" />

- <InlineField>Verification key</InlineField>. For this value, use the placeholder certificate imported above. You will change this later.

Be sure to check `Debug Enabled`. This will ensure debug information is written to the Event Log, which you can see by navigating to <Breadcrumb>System -> Event Log</Breadcrumb>.

Remember to disable this option when running in production.

<Aside type="note">
More information regarding the Event Log can be found below

- [API for Event Log](/docs/apis/event-logs#overview)
- [Admin UI and Troubleshooting](/docs/operate/troubleshooting#event-log)
</Aside>

Lastly, navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> tab in your SAML V2 Idp.

Enable this IdP for the appropriate Application.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/enable-idp.png" alt="Enable IdP On Application" width="1200" />

Once saved, you may receive a CORS warning. Be sure to follow the onscreen instructions and this [documentation](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/overview-samlv2#cors-configuration).

### Linking Options

If you are [linking to a user on email](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/#linking-strategies), please configure the SAML IdP to find the email claim. This can be done by navigating to

<Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers -> Your SAML IdP -> Edit</Breadcrumb>

and then click on the <Breadcrumb>Options</Breadcrumb> tab. The mapping can be referenced in the <InlineField>Email Claim</InlineField> field as below

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/email-claim.png" alt="Setup custom email claim" width="1200" />

If you are using an existing Azure AD Application this email claim location may vary. Below is a demonstration of the email claim found in a default Azure AD Application.

```
http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/emailaddress
```

<Aside type="note">
If you are unsure of the best mapping in this step, the Event Log will provide valuable guidance indicating how FusionAuth and Azure are connecting.
</Aside>

This claim can be found in the event log of a SAML auth handshake. In the case of a default Azure AD application, the email claim is nested.

```
<AttributeStatement>
{/*  ... */}
    <Attribute Name="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/emailaddress">
        <AttributeValue>*your*email*</AttributeValue>
    </Attribute>
{/*  ... */}
</AttributeStatement>
```

## Finish Setup of Azure AD Application

With the FusionAuth Identity Provider set up, the next step is to input the newly created values into your Azure AD Application.

Navigate to your Azure AD application. Under step one, click on the pencil to edit.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/saml-5-steps-overview.png" alt="SAML 5 steps overview" width="1200" />

On this screen add the <InlineField>Entity ID</InlineField> and <InlineField>Reply URL</InlineField>. The Entity ID can be obtained by going to <Breadcrumb>Setting -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb> and clicking on the magnifying glass in the row of your Identity Provider. This value is synonymous with the Issuer value in FusionAuth. Input the <InlineField>Entity</InlineField> and <InlineField>ACS</InlineField> value from FusionAuth into Azure AD.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/integration-details.png" alt="Integration Details" width="1200" />

## Download and Import X.509 Certificate

Previously, you created and used a "placeholder" X.509 certificate. At this point, you can change this. From the overview of your SAML application in Azure AD, under step three, you should find a Certificate (Base64) to download.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/generated-certificate.png" alt="Generated Certificate" width="1200" />

Next, import this certificate into Key Master (<Breadcrumb>Settings -> Key Master -> Import Certificate</Breadcrumb>). Leave the Key identifier property blank, as this will be autogenerated from the thumbprint in the existing certificate.

Update the certificate used on your IdP configuration (<Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers -> your SAML IdP -> Verification Key</Breadcrumb>) with this new X.509 certificate. You can also remove the "placeholder" certificate from Key Master once complete.

<Aside type="caution">
Leave the Key identifier property blank, as this will be autogenerated from the thumbprint of the existing certificate. Otherwise, FusionAuth will not be able to validate the signature of the AuthN response from Azure AD when using this integration.
</Aside>

## Configure the FusionAuth Application Redirect URL

You also need to configure where you will redirect users once they are complete with their Azure AD login.

<Aside type="note">
This URL is where a user will end up after authentication and may be any value URL.
</Aside>

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Your Application -> OAuth</Breadcrumb>. Update the <InlineField>Authorized redirect URLs</InlineField> field as appropriate.

Ensure the Authorization Code grant is enabled.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/configure-redirect-in-admin-ui.png" alt="Configure a redirect URL within FusionAuth" width="1200" />

## Assign Users

<Aside type="note">
If you are using an existing Azure AD application with assigned users, you may skip this step.
</Aside>

Before you can complete your integration, assign Azure AD users to your Azure AD application. Add a user by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Users and groups</Breadcrumb> and clicking on the <InlineUIElement>Add user/group</InlineUIElement> button. Follow the instructions to select and add a user.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/add-user-azure.png" alt="Add a User to Azure" width="1200" />

## Complete the Login

At this point, what remains is to attempt a login. To test quickly, log into the FusionAuth administrative user interface. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Your Application</Breadcrumb> and choose the <Breadcrumb>View</Breadcrumb> option, then scroll to the <InlineUIElement>OAuth2 & OpenID Connect Integration details</InlineUIElement> section and look for the Login URL. Copy this.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/get-login-url.png" alt="Get OAuth2 Login URL" width="1200" />

Open a new tab, paste in the login URL, and you should see your new SAML Azure AD IdP login button.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/new-login-button.png" alt="New Login With Azure-Button" width="1200" />

Click on that button, log in with one of the Azure AD users you configured above, and you should arrive back at your redirect URL.

If your integration fails, remember to review the Event Logs (`System > Event Log`)

<Aside type="note">
More information regarding the Event Log can be found below:

- [API for Event Log](/docs/apis/event-logs#overview)
- [Admin UI and Troubleshooting](/docs/operate/troubleshooting#event-log)
</Aside>

# OpenID Connect with Cognito

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import {Content as IdentityProviderOverviewDiagram} from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_identity-provider-overview-diagram.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import LinkOnEmailNote from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/_link-on-email-note.mdx';

<LinkOnEmailNote />

Once you have completed this configuration, you can have an OpenID Connect <InlineUIElement>Login with Cognito</InlineUIElement> button for one or more FusionAuth Applications.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/cognito-login-fusionauth-button.png" alt="Login with Cognito"  width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />

<IdentityProviderOverviewDiagram identity_provider_name="Cognito" />

<Aside type="note">
These instructions are for the new Cognito interface. Make sure you are using the "new console" user interface option. [Learn more](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cognito/latest/developerguide/cognito-console.html).
</Aside>

## Register a Cognito User Pool

If you're interested in connecting to Cognito, it is likely that you already have a user pool set up that you'd want to connect to. We're adding the steps to create a new user pool in this guide in the interest of completeness, or in case you would like to set up a test user pool. You can refer to the [getting started with Cognito user pools](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cognito/latest/developerguide/getting-started-with-cognito-user-pools.html) documentation for additional reference.

You will first need to log in to [AWS](https://aws.amazon.com).

Once logged in, search for "Cognito" in the main search field, and select the "Cognito" service.

- Choose the region you'd like the user pool to reside in from the top right region indicator dropdown.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Create a user pool</InlineUIElement>.
- Select the pool sign-in options for Step 1. In this example, we'll use email.
- Review the configurations for Step 2 up to Step 4 to make sure they conform to your needs.
- Give the pool a name in Step 5.
- Make sure the checkbox to use hosted authentication pages is checked.
- Choose a domain for the user pool.

### Creating a User Pool App Client With a New Pool

To enable FusionAuth to access the user pool, we need to set up an app client on Cognito. See [Cognito: Configuring a user pool app client](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cognito/latest/developerguide/user-pool-settings-client-apps.html) for additional reference.

To create the client, in your new user pool, under <InlineField>Initial app client</InlineField> on Step 5, set the app type to `confidential`.

- Give the client a name. We’ve used `FusionClient`.
- Set the <InlineField>Callback URL</InlineField> to `<YOUR_FUSIONAUTH_URL>/oauth2/callback` under <InlineUIElement>Allowed callback URLs</InlineUIElement>; for example `https://auth.piedpiper.com/oauth2/callback`.
- Under "Authentication flows" in the <InlineField>Advanced app client settings</InlineField> make sure the `ALLOW_USER_PASSWORD_AUTH` auth flow is selected.
- Check the box for your app name under <InlineField>Identity Providers</InlineField>.
- Select <InlineUIElement>Authorization code grant</InlineUIElement> under <InlineField>OAuth 2.0 grant types</InlineField>.
- Under <InlineField>OpenID Connect scopes</InlineField> select `OpenID`.
- Review the attribute read and write permissions and then click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement> to review the user pool configuration details.
- Scroll down and click <InlineUIElement>Create user pool</InlineUIElement>.
- Once the user pool is created, click on the user pool's name and scroll to the <InlineUIElement>App clients and analytics</InlineUIElement> section.
- Open the created app client and record both the `Client ID` and `Client Secret`, which can be revealed by toggling the <InlineUIElement>Show client secret</InlineUIElement> button.

The user pool and app client are now created.

## Adding an App Client To an Existing Pool

The existing pool must have a Hosted UI domain available and the hosted authentication pages enabled.

Navigate to the <Breadcrumb>App integration</Breadcrumb> tab and go to the <InlineUIElement>App client list</InlineUIElement> section. Select `Create app client`.

- Select the `Confidential Client` type.
- Give the client a name. We’ve used `FusionClient`.
- Under <InlineUIElement>Authentication flows</InlineUIElement> in the <Breadcrumb>Advanced app client settings</Breadcrumb> make sure the `ALLOW_USER_PASSWORD_AUTH` auth flow is selected.
- In the <InlineUIElement>Hosted UI settings</InlineUIElement> section, set the <InlineField>Callback URL</InlineField> to `<YOUR_FUSIONAUTH_URL>/oauth2/callback` under <InlineUIElement>Allowed callback URLs</InlineUIElement>; for example `https://auth.piedpiper.com/oauth2/callback`.
- Select `Authorization code grant` under <InlineField>OAuth 2.0 grant types</InlineField>.
- Under <InlineField>OpenID Connect scopes</InlineField> select `OpenID`. You may select others.
- Review the attribute read and write permissions and then click <InlineUIElement>Create app client</InlineUIElement>.

Next, you can open the created app client and record both the `Client ID` and `Client Secret`, which can be revealed by toggling the <InlineUIElement>Show client secret</InlineUIElement> button.

## Adding a Test User

The next step in either case is adding a test user.

- Open the user pool and under the <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb> tab, click <InlineUIElement>Create user</InlineUIElement>.
- Create a user, filling out all the form fields. Make sure to record the email address and the password.
- Click the <InlineUIElement>Create user</InlineUIElement> button.


## Configure a New FusionAuth OpenID Connect Identity Provider

Although FusionAuth doesn't include an Cognito identity provider, the OpenID Connect identity provider works as Cognito supports the standard OpenID Connect protocols.

Navigate to your FusionAuth instance. Select <Breadcrumb>Settings</Breadcrumb> from the sidebar and then <Breadcrumb>Identity Providers</Breadcrumb>.

Select "Add OpenID Connect" from the "Add" dropdown at the top right of the page.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/cognito-choose-openid.png" alt="Create a new OpenID integration"  width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />

- Provide a <InlineField>Name</InlineField>, like `Cognito`.
- Set <InlineField>Client Id</InlineField> to the `App Client Id` recorded when creating the app client on Cognito.
- Select `HTTP Basic Authentication` for the <InlineField>Client Authentication</InlineField> field.
- Set the <InlineField>Client secret</InlineField> to the app client secret recorded when creating the app client on Cognito.
- Enable <InlineField>Discover endpoints</InlineField>
- Use the following as the <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> URL:

```sh title="The Issuer URL"
https://cognito-idp.<REGION>.amazonaws.com/<USER_POOL_ID>/
```

Replace `<REGION>` with the AWS region code, such as `us-east-2`, in which you created your Cognito user pool. This can be found by selecting the region indicator at the top right of the menu bar and recording the region code displayed alongside the region location.

Replace `<USER_POOL_ID` with the Cognito user pool Id. You can find this by clicking on your user pool. This will be something like `us-east-2_cbVy`.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/cognito-user-pool-id.png" alt="User Pool Id in Cognito"  width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />

Set <InlineField>Button Text</InlineField> to `Login with Cognito`. You can also add a URL to a Cognito icon for the button icon if you wish.

<LinkOnEmailNote />

Set the <InlineField>Scope</InlineField> field to `openid`. Choose a <InlineField>Linking Strategy</InlineField> of `Link on email. Create the user if they do not exist`. This will create the user if they don't exist. You may also choose a different linking strategy; see [Linking Strategies for more options](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/#linking-strategies).

Choose `No Lambda` for the <InlineField>Reconcile Lambda</InlineField> field. If you want to examine or modify the response of the Cognito authentication event and modify the user based on that, you can [create a lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/) and assign it here.

Then, choose the applications for which you would like the Cognito sign-in to be available and enable them. You can also create a FusionAuth registration for each application on successful authentication.

Once you are done, you should have a configuration similar to this:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/openid-connect-settings.png" alt="penID integration settings"  width="1200" />


## Testing the Login

To test, navigate to the applications page in FusionAuth. Click on the <InlineUIElement>View</InlineUIElement> icon (magnifying glass) next to the application you enabled Cognito login on and copy the `OAuth IdP login URL` address. Navigate to this address. You should see a `Login with Cognito` option on your app's sign-in page:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/cognito-login-fusionauth-button.png" alt="Cognito log in on FusionAuth"  width="1200" />

Click the <InlineUIElement>Login with Cognito</InlineUIElement> button. Test logging in with the username and password for the test user added when creating the user pool on Cognito.

If it is all set up correctly, you should be redirected back to your app, successfully logged in. The user will be added to FusionAuth, and you can examine the <InlineUIElement>Linked accounts</InlineUIElement> section of the user details screen to see that the Cognito OIDC link was created.

# HYPR

import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.12.0`
</Aside>

<Aside type="caution" title="Deprecated" >
  Please note that this integration may not work with more recent versions of the HYPR API, and no further enhancements are planned.
</Aside>

HYPR is a passwordless authentication platform that provides mobile biometric and other passwordless authentication solutions. The pre-requisite to using HYPR with FusionAuth will be to purchase or otherwise obtain access to the HYPR service and obtain a HYPR Application Id and a HYPR Relying Party URL. Once you have these two pieces of information you may complete the configuration. Visit <a href="https://www.hypr.com/" target="_blank">https://www.hypr.com/fusionauth-passwordless-mfa/</a> to find out more. You may also visit the <a href="https://apidocs.hypr.com/" target="_blank">HYPR API documentation</a> to learn how to register your devices and more.

Here's a webinar how you can integrate HYPR with other applications:

<YouTube id="lEeCqm7sVUs" />

Adding a HYPR login provider to FusionAuth is simple. This guide will walk you through the steps necessary to enable the HYPR login provider.


Once you have completed this configuration you will be able to enable HYPR login for one or more FusionAuth Applications. There will not be a new login button rendered on the login form as there is for Facebook, Google or OpenID Connect, instead the user will only be prompted for an email address. If the user has one or more devices configured with HYPR the login will be completely handled by FusionAuth. If the user does not yet have devices registered with HYPR the password field will then be presented to the user to complete login with FusionAuth.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/login-hypr.png" alt="OpenID Connect Login" width="1200" role="shadowed" />

## Create a HYPR Identity Provider

To create an Identity Provider navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb> and click <InlineUIElement>Add provider</InlineUIElement> and select `HYPR` from the dialog.

This will take you to the `Add HYPR` panel, and you'll fill out the required fields. If you do not yet know the Application Id and Relying party URL you will need to obtain these values from HYPR.

To enable this identity provider for an application, find your application name in the `Applications` configuration section at the bottom of this panel. You will always see the `FusionAuth` application, this application represents the FusionAuth user interface. If you wish to be able to log into FusionAuth with this provider you may enable this application.

In the following screenshot you will see that we have enabled this login provider for the `Pied Piper` application and enabled `Create registration`. Enabling create registration means that a user does not need to be manually registered for the application prior to using this login provider.

For example, when a new user attempts to log into `Pied Piper` using HYPR, if their user does not exist in FusionAuth it will be created dynamically, and if the `Create registration` toggle has been enabled, the user will also be registered for `Pied Piper` and assigned any default roles assigned by the application.

If you do not wish to automatically provision a user for this Application when logging in with PiedPiper, leave `Create registration` off and you will need to manually register a user for this application before they may complete login with this provider.

That's it, HYPR is now enabled for passwordless login.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/identity-provider-hypr-add.png" alt="Add HYPR" width="1200" />


### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Id" optional since="1.61.0">
    An optional UUID. When this value is omitted a unique Id will be generated automatically.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Tenant" optional since="1.62.0">
    The tenant to which this identity provider belongs. This field only displays when the user selects a specific tenant on the previous page. When `Global identity provider` is selected on the previous page, this field does not display.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Name" required since="1.61.0">
    A unique name to identify the identity provider. This name is for display purposes only and it can be modified later if desired.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Application Id" required>
    The unique application Id issued to you by HYPR to provided access to their API.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Relying party URL" required>
    The relying party URL issued to you by HYPR to provided access to their API.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Reconcile lambda" optional since="1.17.0">
    A lambda may be utilized to modify the User or Registration during login.

    To configure a lambda, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Lambdas</Breadcrumb>.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Debug enabled" optional defaults="false">
    Enable debug to create an event log to assist you in debugging integration errors.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

# OpenID Connect with Okta

import {Content as IdentityProviderOverviewDiagram} from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_identity-provider-overview-diagram.mdx';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

Once you have completed this configuration, you may enable an OpenID Connect <InlineUIElement>Login with Okta</InlineUIElement> button for one or more FusionAuth applications. See [Okta - Generic OpenID Connect](https://help.okta.com/en-us/Content/Topics/integrations/open-id-connect.htm) as an additional reference.

<IdentityProviderOverviewDiagram identity_provider_name="Okta" />

## Prerequisites

* A FusionAuth instance running on a publicly accessible URL. You can spin up a [basic FusionAuth Cloud instance](/pricing) or [install it on any server](/docs/get-started/download-and-install).
* An [Okta Workforce Identity Cloud Account](https://www.okta.com) connected to a business email address.
** The [Okta Verify app](https://help.okta.com/en-us/Content/Topics/Mobile/okta-verify-overview.htm) if your Okta account is not configured to send SMS messages for 2FA.

## Okta Configuration

Log in to Okta and navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Admin</Breadcrumb> panel.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-idp-admin-button.png" alt="Okta admin button." width="1200" />

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Applications</Breadcrumb> and click the <InlineUIElement>Create App Integration</InlineUIElement> button.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-idp-create-app-integration.png" alt="create app integration." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Select <InlineField>OIDC - OpenID Connect</InlineField> and <InlineField>Web Application</InlineField> then click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-idp-oidc-webapp.png" alt="OIDC and web application." width="1200" />

Enter an <InlineField>App integration name</InlineField> and ensure that <InlineField>Authorization Code</InlineField> is checked. Then, supply a <InlineField>Sign-in redirect URI</InlineField> of the form `<YOUR_FUSIONAUTH_URL>/oauth2/callback`, where `YOUR_FUSIONAUTH_URL` is the URL of your FusionAuth instance. For example, `https://local.fusionauth.io`.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-idp-name-uri.png" alt="name and redirect URI." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Under the <InlineUIElement>Assignments</InlineUIElement> section, select <InlineField>Skip group assignment for now</InlineField>. Hit <InlineUIElement>Save</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-idp-skip-group.png" alt="skip group assignment." width="1200" />

Copy the <InlineField>Client Id</InlineField> and <InlineField>Secret</InlineField> into a text file for later use.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-idp-client-id-secret.png" alt="client id and secret." width="1200" />

Under <Breadcrumb>Sign On</Breadcrumb>, navigate to the section <InlineUIElement>OpenID Connect ID Token</InlineUIElement> and change the <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> to use the `Okta URL`. Hit <InlineUIElement>Save</InlineUIElement> and copy this URL into a text file.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-idp-issuer.png" alt="issuer URL." width="1200" />

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Directory -> People</Breadcrumb> and click on the username of the user that you'd like to authenticate. Then click <InlineUIElement>Assign Applications</InlineUIElement> and hit the <InlineUIElement>Assign</InlineUIElement> button next to the one you created. Then click <InlineUIElement>Save and Go Back</InlineUIElement> and <InlineUIElement>Done</InlineUIElement>.

## Configure a new FusionAuth OpenID Connect Identity Provider

Although FusionAuth doesn't include an Okta identity provider, the OpenID Connect identity provider works as Okta supports the standard OpenID Connect protocols.

Navigate to your FusionAuth instance. Select <Breadcrumb>Settings</Breadcrumb> from the sidebar and then navigate to the section <Breadcrumb>Identity Providers</Breadcrumb>.

Select <InlineField>Add OpenID Connect</InlineField> from the <InlineField>Add</InlineField> dropdown at the top right of the page.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-choose-openid.png" alt="Create a new OpenID integration"  width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />

- Provide a <InlineField>Name</InlineField>, like `Okta`.
- Set <InlineField>Client Id</InlineField> to the `Client ID` recorded when creating the app integration on Okta.
- Select `HTTP Basic Authentication` for the <InlineField>Client Authentication</InlineField> field.
- Set the <InlineField>Client secret</InlineField> to the client secret recorded when creating the app integration on Okta.
- Enable <InlineField>Discover endpoints</InlineField>.
- Use the Okta URL that you recorded as the <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> URL.
- For the <InlineField>Scope</InlineField>, type in `openid email`.
- Optionally, change the <InlineField>Button Text</InlineField> field to `Login with Okta`.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-idp-settings-identity-provider.png" alt="identity provider settings." width="1200" />

- Navigate to the <InlineUIElement>Applications</InlineUIElement> section and ensure that the application you are adding Okta authentication to has the <InlineField>Enabled</InlineField> and <InlineField>Create Registration</InlineField> switches toggled. Hit <InlineUIElement>Save</InlineUIElement>.

## Testing the Login

To test, navigate to the applications page in FusionAuth. Click on the <InlineUIElement>View</InlineUIElement> icon (magnifying glass) next to the application you enabled Okta login on and copy the `OAuth IdP login URL` address. Navigate to this address. You should see a <InlineUIElement>Login with Okta</InlineUIElement> button on your app's sign-in page:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-idp-result.png" alt="result." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Click the <InlineUIElement>Login with Okta</InlineUIElement> button. Test logging in with the username and password, as well as the 2FA method selected when configuring your account on Okta.

If it is all set up correctly, you should be redirected back to your app, successfully logged in. The user will be added to FusionAuth, and you can examine the <InlineUIElement>Linked accounts</InlineUIElement> section of the user details screen to see that the Okta OIDC link was created.

# SAML v2 with Okta

import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

This documentation will guide you in configuring SAML v2 IdP for Okta. In this case, FusionAuth will act as Service Provider (SP) to Okta (IdP). Functionally, the result will allow you to display a <InlineUIElement>Login with Okta</InlineUIElement> button on your FusionAuth application's login page and allow users to connect via SAML to Okta applications.

![Login With Okta End Result](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-saml-result.png)

## Prerequisites
* A FusionAuth instance running on a publicly accessible URL. You can spin up a [basic FusionAuth Cloud instance](/pricing), use [ngrok](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/exposing-instance), or [install it on any server](/docs/get-started/download-and-install).
* An [Okta Workforce Identity Cloud account](https://www.okta.com/free-trial/) connected to a business email address.
  * The [Okta Verify app](https://help.okta.com/eu/en-us/Content/Topics/end-user/ov-overview.htm?cshid=csh-user-ov-overview) if your Okta account is not configured to send SMS messages for 2FA.

## Okta Configuration

Log in to Okta and navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Admin</Breadcrumb> panel.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-saml-admin-button.png" alt="Okta admin button" width="1200" />

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Applications</Breadcrumb> and click the <InlineUIElement>Create App Integration</InlineUIElement> button.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-saml-create-app-integration.png" alt="create app integration" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Select <InlineField>SAML 2.0</InlineField> and click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-saml-samlv2.png" alt="SAML v2" width="1200" />

Give the app a name and click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-saml-name.png" alt="name Okta app" width="1200" />

Provide values for the <InlineField>Single sign-on URL</InlineField> and <InlineField>Audience URI (SP Entity ID)</InlineField>. You will have to change these values later, but you need to enter something in order to obtain information that will allow you to get the correct values from FusionAuth.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-saml-dummy-values.png" alt="Okta dummy values" width="1200" />

Scroll down to <InlineUIElement>Attribute Statements</InlineUIElement> and add the <InlineField>user.Id</InlineField> and <InlineField>user.email</InlineField> values. You can choose any names, but record them because you will need to supply them to FusionAuth later.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-saml-attribute-statements.png" alt="attribute statements" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>, select one of the radio buttons on the <Breadcrumb>Feedback</Breadcrumb> tab, and click <InlineUIElement>Finish</InlineUIElement>. Scroll to the bottom of the following page and click the <InlineUIElement>View SAML setup instructions</InlineUIElement> button. You will need to provide the information on this page to FusionAuth, so keep it open in a separate tab or window.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-saml-configuration-details.png" alt="SAML configuration details" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Return to the previous window and navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Assignments</Breadcrumb> tab. Click <InlineUIElement>Assign</InlineUIElement> and then <InlineUIElement>Assign to People</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-saml-assign-to-people.png" alt="assign to people" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Click the <InlineUIElement>Assign</InlineUIElement> button next to the user you would like to authenticate. Click <InlineUIElement>Save and Go Back</InlineUIElement>, then <InlineUIElement>Done</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-saml-assign-button.png" alt="assign button" width="1200" />

## FusionAuth Configuration

Open a new tab and go to your FusionAuth dashboard.

From your FusionAuth dashboard, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Key Master</Breadcrumb> and click the downward arrow next to <InlineUIElement>Generate Elliptic</InlineUIElement>. Then click <InlineUIElement>Import Certificate</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-saml-import-certificate.png" alt="import certificate" width="1200" />

Give this key a <InlineField>Name</InlineField>, for example, `OKTA SAML`. Then, copy the <InlineField>X.509</InlineField> certificate from the Okta <Breadcrumb>SAML setup instructions</Breadcrumb> page that you left open previously. Paste it into the <InlineField>Certificate</InlineField> box in the FusionAuth Key Master and <InlineUIElement>Submit</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-saml-paste-certificate.png" alt="paste certificate" width="1200" />

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb> and add a new `SAML v2` identity provider.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-saml-new-idp.png" alt="new identity provider" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Provide a <InlineField>Name</InlineField>, for example, `OKTA SAML`. For the <InlineField>IdP endpoint</InlineField>, paste the <InlineField>Identity Provider Single Sign-On URL</InlineField> from the Okta <Breadcrumb>SAML setup instructions</Breadcrumb> page. For the verification key, select from the dropdown the name of the key you just created in the Key Master. Optionally, change the <InlineField>Button text</InlineField> to `Login with Okta`.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-saml-new-idp-settings.png" alt="new idp settings" width="1200" />

Make sure your application has the <InlineField>Enabled</InlineField> switch toggled. Then, navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Options</Breadcrumb> tab and supply the names that you chose for the <InlineField>user.Id</InlineField> and <InlineField>user.email</InlineField> attribute statements in Okta.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-saml-claim-options.png" alt="claim options" width="1200" />

Hit <InlineUIElement>Save</InlineUIElement> and <InlineUIElement>View</InlineUIElement> the identity provider you just created. Scroll down to the <InlineUIElement>SAML v2 Integration details</InlineUIElement> section and record the <InlineField>Callback URL (ACS)</InlineField> and <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> values so you can supply them to Okta.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-saml-integration-details.png" alt="integration details" width="1200" />

You may receive a warning after saving the identity provider.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-saml-cors-warning.png" alt="CORS warning" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />
If you receive such a warning after saving the identity provider, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> System</Breadcrumb> and add your Okta URL to the <InlineField>Allowed origins</InlineField> list. This configures FusionAuth to send the correct CORS headers.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-saml-cors-settings.png" alt="CORS settings" width="1200" />

Return to your Okta dashboard. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Your Application</Breadcrumb> and edit the <Breadcrumb>SAML Settings</Breadcrumb>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-saml-edit-saml-settings.png" alt="edit SAML settings" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement> to get to the <Breadcrumb>Configure SAML</Breadcrumb> tab. Replace the <InlineField>Single sign-on URL</InlineField> with the <InlineField>Callback URL (ACS)</InlineField> value from FusionAuth. Replace the <InlineField>Audience URI (SP Entity ID)</InlineField> with the <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> value from FusionAuth. Click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement> and then <InlineUIElement>Finish</InlineUIElement> to save these settings.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-saml-settings-from-fusionauth.png" alt="settings from FusionAuth" width="1200" />

## Testing the Login

To test, navigate to the applications page in FusionAuth. Click on the <InlineUIElement>View</InlineUIElement> icon (magnifying glass) next to the application you enabled Okta login on and copy the <InlineField>OAuth IdP login URL</InlineField> address. Navigate to this address. You should see a <InlineUIElement>Login with Okta</InlineUIElement> option on your app's sign-in page:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-saml-result.png" alt="result" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Click the <InlineUIElement>Login with Okta</InlineUIElement> button. Test logging in with the username and password, as well as the 2FA method you selected when you configured your account on Okta.

If it is all set up correctly, you should be redirected back to your app, successfully logged in. The user will be added to FusionAuth and you can examine the <InlineUIElement>Linked accounts</InlineUIElement> section of the user details screen to see that the Okta SAML link was created.

# SAML v2 IdP Initiated with Okta

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

This page will guide you in configuring a SAMLv2 IdP Initiated Identity Provider with Okta as the initiating IdP. You will be able to visit an Okta provided link, authenticate, and then be logged into FusionAuth.

This document assumes you have an admin account with Okta and a valid FusionAuth paid license.

## Create and Partially Configure the Okta SSO Application

<Aside type="note">
You will want to set up this application as an admin. Okta allows users with various permissions. Later, you will create a user that can log into the newly created application, `Pied Piper`.
</Aside>

Navigate to the Okta admin screen. Using the left "hamburger" menu, click on <Breadcrumb>Applications Header -> Applications</Breadcrumb>. From here, click <InlineUIElement>Create App Integration</InlineUIElement>. Select the SAML option and hit next.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-new-app-initial-screen.png" alt="Setting up a SAMLv2 application in Okta" width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />

Add an <InlineField>App name</InlineField> describing the application. Configure any other **General Settings** as needed (including adding your award winning logo).

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-general-settings.png" alt="General settings tab when creating a SAMLv2 application in Okta" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>. You will arrive at the <InlineUIElement>Configure SAML</InlineUIElement> section.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/configure-saml.png" alt="Settings tab when creating a SAMLv2 application in Okta" width="1200" />

Please complete the <InlineField>Single sign on URL</InlineField> and <InlineField>Audience URI (SP Entity ID)</InlineField> with placeholder data. We will return to these fields in a moment (with real data from FusionAuth). Click next to proceed.

The final screen is related to marketing/support. This screen may or may not be present. Click the Finish button.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/feedback-marketing-step.png" alt="Feedback Marketing Step" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Now, under the Sign On tab, scroll down until you see a button called "View SAML setup instructions". This will open a new window/tab. You will need the values displayed to complete the rest of this tutorial.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/view-saml-setup-instructions.png" alt="View SAML Setup Instructions" width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />

Record the <InlineField>Identity Provider Single Sign-On URL</InlineField> and <InlineField>Identity Provider Issuer</InlineField> values. The latter is a string such as `http://www.okta.com/exkq14ymac31Bx7895d6`.

Download the "X.509 Certificate" too, then close the instructions tab.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/detail-saml-setup-instructions.png" alt="Details around certificate and SSO URL and issuer" width="1200" />

## Add the Okta Public Certificate to FusionAuth

Log in to the FusionAuth administrative user interface and navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Key Master</Breadcrumb>.

Import the Okta provided certificate you just downloaded.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/add-okta-public-certificate-to-keymaster.png" alt="Adding the Okta certificate to Key Master" width="1200" />

## Add the SAMLv2 IdP Initiated Identity Provider

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb>. Add a SAMLv2 IdP Initiated Provider.

* Configure the <InlineField>Name</InlineField> with a descriptive value.
* Set the <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> value to the <InlineField>Identity Provider Issuer</InlineField> value from Okta.
* Set the <InlineField>Verification key</InlineField> to the public certificate you just imported.

Enable this Identity Provider for any appropriate FusionAuth applications. For this example, `Pied Piper` allows the use of this Identity Provider.

Any users who authenticate with Okta will be registered for this application because of the <InlineField>Create registrations</InlineField> setting.

All other options may be left with default values. Save the configuration.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/fusionauth-add-okta-identity-provider.png" alt="Adding the IdP Initiated SSO Identity Provider" width="1200" />

## View the Identity Provider in FusionAuth

View the created Identity Provider and navigate to the <InlineField>SAML v2 Integration details</InlineField> section.

Record the values of the <InlineField>Callback URL (ACS)</InlineField> and <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> fields. Those will be used later.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/fusionauth-view-identity-provider.png" alt="View the IdP Initiated SSO Identity Provider" width="1200" />

## CORS Settings

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> System -> CORS</Breadcrumb>.

Determine the hostname and scheme of the Okta Identity Provider Single Sign-On URL. If the URL is `https://trial-6089629.okta.com/app/trial-6089629_test_1/exk1mn2r8kVgtAv6q697/sso/saml` then the hostname and scheme are `https://trial-6089629.okta.com`.

<Aside type="note">
If you run into CORS configuration challenges, review the <Breadcrumb>System -> Event Log</Breadcrumb> in the FusionAuth admin UI. This will tell you exactly what hostname and schemes must be added to the CORS allow lists.
</Aside>

Add this value to the CORS <InlineField>Allowed origins</InlineField> field. Ensure that the `POST` method is checked in the <InlineField>Allowed methods</InlineField> field. Save the configuration.

Additionally, you might have to add another entry with a trailing backslash, such as `https://trial-6089629.okta.com/`.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/fusionauth-cors-settings.png" alt="Configure CORS" width="1200" />

## Configure the FusionAuth Application Redirect URL

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Your Application -> OAuth</Breadcrumb>. Update the <InlineField>Authorized redirect URLs</InlineField> field with one or more URLs. A redirect URL is where a user will end up after authentication and may be any valid URL.

<Aside type="note">
When a redirect URI is not specified, the first configured value will be utilized. To specify a specific redirect URL, follow the instructions below.
</Aside>

Ensure the Authorization Code grant is enabled.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/fusionauth-set-up-application.png" alt="Configure the FusionAuth Pied Piper application" width="1200" />

## Complete SSO Configuration in Okta

Return to the Configure SAML Tab. This can be found by navigating as follows from the App homepage: <Breadcrumb>General -> SAML Settings -> Edit Button -> General Settings -> Next Button -> Configure SAML</Breadcrumb> tab in the Okta Admin screen.

* Set the value of the <InlineField>Single sign on URL</InlineField> to the value of the <InlineField>Callback URL (ACS)</InlineField> from the FusionAuth Identity Provider recorded above.
* Set the value of the <InlineField>Audience URI (SP Entity ID)</InlineField> to the value of the <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> recorded above.
* Optionally set the value of <InlineField>Default RelayState</InlineField> if you want to provide a specific redirect URI. If this value is omitted, the first Authorized redirect URI found in the FusionAuth Application OAuth configuration will be used. This option is supported in FusionAuth version greater than or equal to `1.41.0`. In prior versions, append a query parameter `redirect_uri=` to the value specified in <InlineField>Single sign on URL</InlineField> to control the final redirect URI. Please note, the URL must be encoded. For more information [see section below](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-samlv2-idp-initiated#optional-adding-a-specific-redirect-after-saml-login).
* Set the <InlineField>Application username</InlineField> to be `Email`.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-sign-on-advanced-settings.png" alt="Configure Okta with the FusionAuth SP information" width="1200" />
There are a few additional configuration changes you can make to enable certain functionality. This includes storing persistent Ids in FusionAuth, receiving emails from Okta, and configuring a custom redirect page for the end user. The next sections detail this optional set up.  If not needed, please save the Okta application by clicking **"Next"** until complete and skip to [Adding a User to the Okta Application](#adding-a-user-to-the-okta-application) .

### Optional: Adding a Specific Redirect After SAML login

If you want a user to return to a specific redirect URL after SAML authentication is complete, there are two options to specify this URL:

1. Add to Relay State field
- As of version `1.41.0` FusionAuth allows adding a redirect in the relay state.
- Simply add something like `https://hooli.com` to the <InlineField>Default RelayState</InlineField> in your Okta configuration.
2. Add to the ACS
- You can append your redirect to the <InlineField>Single sign-on URL</InlineField> (ACS)
- Example: `https://example.com/acs/22cea679-83af-422a-806a-baae792b3ab9/85a03867-dccf-4882-adde-1a79aeec50df?redirect_uri=http%3A%2F%2Fhooli.com`

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/saml-acs-and-relay-state.png" alt="Showing Setting the Relay and ACS values" width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />

The above values will need to be added to the [Authorized redirect URLs](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-samlv2-idp-initiated#configure-the-fusionauth-application-redirect-url) OAuth configuration of your application in FusionAuth. Additional information can be found [in our SAML. overview documentation](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/samlv2-idp-initiated#saml-v2-integration-details).

### Optional: Setting a Persistent Id and Sending Email as an Attribute

Ensure you are still on the Configure SAML Tab. This can be found by navigating as follows from the App homepage: <Breadcrumb>General -> SAML Settings -> Edit Button -> General Settings -> Next Button -> Configure SAML</Breadcrumb> tab in the Okta Admin screen.

At times it may be helpful to receive a unique and immutable id from Okta and tie this to the new FusionAuth user (this is the value of a persistent SAML NameID). To enable this, on the `Edit SAML Integration` Okta (current) screen please click <InlineUIElement>Add Another</InlineUIElement> under the `Attribute Statements` section.  Under the <InlineField>Name</InlineField> field enter `userId`, for <InlineField>Name format</InlineField> leave as `Unspecified`, and finally, for <InlineField>Value</InlineField> enter `user.id`. With this attribute added, Okta will be sending over a persistent Id for each user.

You can also instruct Okta to send over another attribute in the AuthN Response of email. Under the <InlineField>Name</InlineField> field enter `email`, for <InlineField>Name format</InlineField> leave as `Unspecified`, and finally for <InlineField>Value</InlineField> enter `user.email`.

This is useful for when your [linking strategy](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/#linking-strategies) is based on email addresses.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-add-attribute-statements.png" alt="Add Persistent Id and email attribute statements" width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />

By configuring Okta to send these two values you will be receiving an AuthN Response similar to the below:

```xml
<saml2p:Response xmlns:saml2p="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:protocol" ... >
<!-- ... -->
    <saml2:AttributeStatement xmlns:saml2="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion">
      <saml2:Attribute Name="email" NameFormat="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:attrname-format:unspecified">
        <saml2:AttributeValue xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xsi:type="xs:string">erlich@fusionauth.io</saml2:AttributeValue>
      </saml2:Attribute>
      <saml2:Attribute Name="userId" NameFormat="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:attrname-format:unspecified">
        <saml2:AttributeValue xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xsi:type="xs:string">11t9vmcte3QO77udv</saml2:AttributeValue>
      </saml2:Attribute>
    </saml2:AttributeStatement>
<!-- ... -->
</saml2p:Response>
```

You can tell FusionAuth how to find and use this persistent `userId` by modifying your newly created SAML IdP Initiated Provider in FusionAuth under the `Options` tab. Here you will add the value `userId` to the <InlineField>Unique Id claim</InlineField> field. Additionally, on the same tab, you can instruct FusionAuth where to find the email claim by filling in the <InlineField>Email claim</InlineField> with the value `email`. Depending on your Okta configuration, you can optionally indicate <InlineField>Use NameID for email</InlineField> instead.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/fusionauth-idp-init-options.png" alt="Configure FusionAuth with Email and Id attributes defined" width="1200"  role="top-cropped" />

## Adding a User to the Okta Application
Navigate to the <Breadcrumb>General</Breadcrumb> tab and scroll to the <InlineUIElement>App Embed Link</InlineUIElement> section and note the <InlineField>Embed Link</InlineField> value. This is the link a user needs to visit to begin the IdP initiated SSO, so you could place it in your application's navigation, launchpad, or elsewhere.

Finally, click on the <Breadcrumb>Assignments</Breadcrumb> tab and assign the user to the application. First, select the user by clicking the <InlineUIElement>Assign</InlineUIElement> dropdown. Then by clicking <InlineUIElement>Assign to People</InlineUIElement>, and then finally selecting the <InlineUIElement>Assign</InlineUIElement> button for the user you would like to use.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-assign-application-to-user-step-one.png" alt="Pick a user to assign to application step one" width="1200" />

Then confirm the user should have access.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-assign-application-to-user-step-two.png" alt="Assigning a user to the SAML SP application step two" width="1200" />

## Test It Out

Open an incognito browser window and visit the <InlineField>Embed Link</InlineField> value. This value can be found at the bottom of the <Breadcrumb>General</Breadcrumb> tab of your Okta Application configuration, in the <InlineUIElement>App Embed Link</InlineUIElement> section. Log in with your Okta IdP credentials.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-login-page.png" alt="Logging in with Okta" width="1200" />

When you authenticate successfully, you will eventually land at the URL configured in the application's <InlineField>Authorized redirect URLs</InlineField> field. The full URL contains an authorization code.

Since you configured registration for this Identity Provider, if the user did not previously exist in your FusionAuth instance, they will now have an account.

For a production application, the next step would involve exchanging the authorization code by your application for a JWT from FusionAuth.

# SAML v2 IdP Initiated

import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import Fields from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/_samlv2-integration-details-fields.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.26.0`
</Aside>

{/* Note: this warning text was taken from the SAML v2 IdP-initiated page in the FusionAuth admin app (/admin/identity-provider/add/SAMLv2IdPInitiated)*/}
<Aside type="caution">
Using IdP initiated SSO with this Identity Provider is not recommended and is inherently less secure than a service provider initiated login.

FusionAuth does not recommend this type of login due to the inherent risks of accepting an unsolicited authentication response from a third-party identity provider. During an identity provider initiated login, the third-party identity provider sends FusionAuth a SAML Authentication Response indicating a user has been authenticated without any context. Since FusionAuth did not initiate this login, it limits what can be verified and requires FusionAuth to allow a cross site request from this third party.

If you must enable this feature to support a legacy integration or because the user experience is of the highest concern, then proceed.
</Aside>

<Aside type="note">
Please note that starting in version `1.43.0` this configuration is only necessary if you only want support for IdP initiated configuration. The [SAMLv2 Identity Provider](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/) now offers a unified option to support both IdP and SP initiated login.
</Aside>

This FusionAuth Identity Provider allows you to configure FusionAuth to accept a SAML request initiated by a SAMLv2 identity provider. With this Identity Provider, FusionAuth is acting as the SAMLv2 service provider (SP).

Typically, a SAML flow begins at a service provider such as FusionAuth. In a service provider initiated login, the SAML Authentication Response is returned to the service provider in response to an authentication request. FusionAuth can validate certain parameters and only accept a response for a request that FusionAuth initiated.

In contrast, during an identity provider initiated login, the third-party identity provider sends FusionAuth a SAML Authentication Response indicating a user has been authenticated. FusionAuth did not initiate this request so it is unexpected and FusionAuth does not have the full context. This limits what can be verified and requires FusionAuth to allow a cross site request from this third party.

We also provide specific examples for configuring SAML with some providers whose implementation requires unique configuration. If you'd like us to provide additional examples, please open a request on [GitHub](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-site/issues).

* [Configure SAML v2 IdP Initiated SSO for Okta](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-samlv2-idp-initiated)

Once you have completed this configuration you will be able to log in to FusionAuth directly from a SAMLv2 IdP.

## Create a SAML v2 IdP Initiated Identity Provider

To create an Identity Provider navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb> and click <InlineUIElement>Add provider</InlineUIElement> and select <Breadcrumb>SAML v2 IdP Initiated</Breadcrumb>.

This will take you to the <Breadcrumb>Add SAML v2 IdP Initiated</Breadcrumb> panel. Here you will need to fill out the required fields.

![Add SAML v2 IdP Initiated](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/identity-provider-samlv2-idp-initiated-add.png)

### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Enabled">
    Determines if this provider is enabled. If it is false then it will be disabled globally.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Id" optional>
    An optional UUID. When this value is omitted a unique Id will be generated automatically.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Tenant" optional since="1.62.0">
    The tenant to which this identity provider belongs. This field only displays when the user selects a specific tenant on the previous page. When <code>Global identity provider</code> is selected on the previous page, this field does not display.{/* eslint-disable-line */}
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Name" required>
    A unique name to identify the identity provider. This name is for display purposes only and it can be modified later if desired.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Issuer" required>
    The EntityId (unique identifier) of the SAML v2 identity provider. This value should be provided to you.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Verification key" required>
    The public key or certificate that you must import into FusionAuth's KeyMaster. This is the public key provided to you by the identity provider.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Linking strategy" optional since="1.28.0">
    The linking strategy for the SAML v2 identity provider. See [Linking Strategies](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/#linking-strategies) for more information.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Reconcile lambda" optional>
    A lambda maps custom claims returned from the SAML response into the FusionAuth `User` and `Registration`. To learn more about creating a lambda, view the [SAML v2 Reconcile lambda documentation](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/reconcile/samlv2-response-reconcile).

    To configure a lambda, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Lambdas</Breadcrumb>.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Debug enabled" optional>
    Some identity providers are not compliant with the SAML and XML signing specifications. This can make it challenging to integrate with them.

    If you are running into integration issues, toggle this setting on and FusionAuth will output debugging information into the Event Log during a SAML login. You can find the event log in <Breadcrumb>System -> Event Log</Breadcrumb>.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Options

![Add SAML v2 Options section](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/identity-provider-samlv2-idp-initiated-add-options.png)

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Unique Id claim" optional>
    The name of the claim that is returned in the SAML response that contains the unique Id of the user.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Use NameId for email" optional>
    If this is enabled, FusionAuth will assume that the `NameID` in the SAML response contains the email address of the user.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Email claim" required>
    The name of the email claim returned in the SAML response.

    When <InlineField>Use NameId for email</InlineField> is enabled, this field will not be displayed and will not be required.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Username claim" optional>
    The name of the username claim returned in the SAML response.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Require encrypted assertions" optional since="1.55.1">
    When enabled FusionAuth requires encrypted assertions in SAML responses from the identity provider. SAML responses from the identity provider containing unencrypted assertions will be rejected by FusionAuth.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Assertion decryption key" optional since="1.55.1">
    The key used to decrypt SAML responses. Required when <InlineField>Require encrypted assertions</InlineField> is enabled. To create, manage or import a key, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Key Master</Breadcrumb>.

    The selected Key must contain an RSA private key. The associated public key or certificate should be provided to the SAML Identity Provider to encrypt assertions.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

## Integration Details

After configuring the Identity Provider, FusionAuth will display values likely required by your SAML v2 Identity Provider to trust FusionAuth as a relying party. Do so by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb> and click the green magnifying glass on your SAML provider.

![View the identity provider list](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/identity-provider-samlv2-idp-initiated-view-list.png)

When viewing the details, scroll to the <InlineUIElement>SAML v2 Integration details</InlineUIElement> section. There you will find the necessary values to configure an integration with a SAMLv2 IdP.

### SAML v2 Integration Details

![View the SAMLv2 identity provider details](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/identity-provider-samlv2-idp-initiated-view-details.png)

#### Fields

<Fields idp_init />

## CORS Configuration

To complete the login request, the SAML v2 identity provider will make an HTTP `POST` request to the callback URL in FusionAuth. In order for this request to be allowed through the CORS filter you will need to navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> System -> CORS</Breadcrumb> and add the SAML IdP origin as an <InlineField>Allowed Origin</InlineField> the CORS configuration.

## Troubleshooting

To troubleshoot, turn on the <InlineField>Debug</InlineField> option and then navigate to <Breadcrumb>System -> Event Log</Breadcrumb>.

Proceed through the SAML flow and review the Event log entries to see if there are any configuration issues.

# External JWT Example Usage

import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';

An Identity Provider in FusionAuth is a configuration that represents an external identity provider.

The [Identity Providers](/docs/apis/identity-providers/) APIs allow you to configure and manage how these external identity providers are utilized by FusionAuth to perform federated authentication.

A typical use case for federated login is when you have users that wish to log into your application but their password is stored and managed in another identity provider.

### Overview

A concrete example of this scenario is when you have implemented FusionAuth as your primary identity
provider and you have a subset of users that may exist in Active Directory that you need to authenticate to your application.

In the described example, Active Directory Federated Services, more generally referred to as ADFS provides an implementation of OAuth 2.0
which can be utilized by FusionAuth to federate login to ADFS and then reconcile the user to FusionAuth.

For example, during Login, collect the User's email address and utilize the [Lookup](/docs/apis/identity-providers/#lookup-an-identity-provider) API to
identify if this User is managed by an external Identity Provider. The result of this lookup may be cached in your application to limit additional
requests during login. You may optionally not use the Lookup API at all, and manage this logic in your own application.

<API method="GET" uri="/api/identity-provider/lookup?domain=playtronics.com"/>

The Lookup API will return a `200` indicating the users in the domain `playtronics.com` are managed, or a `404` indicating the domain is not managed by any configured
identity provider.

If the email domain is not managed by an external identity provider, then you may continue to collect the password and authenticate the User
against FusionAuth.

A managed domain means you should delegate authentication to the configured external identity provider. The JSON response body from the Lookup API
will indicate which configured Identity Provider is managing the domain and is intended to give you enough information to redirect the browser
to the external identity provider. The following is an example response body from the Lookup API when a `200` status code was returned.

<JSON title="Example Response JSON" src="identity-providers/lookup/response.json" />

The `authorization_endpoint` value configured as part of the Identity Provider and returned in this response is intended to be used to redirect
the browser to start the OAuth workflow with the external identity provider.

Your application will need to handle the redirect from the Authorize endpoint and complete the OAuth workflow by making a request to the Token endpoint
to obtain the access token. This access token is assumed be a JSON Web Token which you'll then send to FusionAuth to reconcile this token and
complete the login process.

To complete the login process by reconciling the User represented by the JWT issued by the external identity provider send this JWT to FusionAuth
using the [Reconcile API](/docs/apis/jwt#reconcile-a-jwt-using-the-external-jwt-provider).

The Reconcile API will consume the JWT, validate it was issued by the configured Identity Provider and then using the identity claims included in the
token payload the User will be created if they do not yet exist in FusionAuth, and then registered for the requested FusionAuth Application.

A successful response from the Reconcile API should look identical to a [Login](/docs/apis/login#authenticate-a-user) API response.

# External JWT

import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import ExternalJwtProviderWarning from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_external-jwt-provider-warning.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

The External JWT Identity Provider is not intended to provide a login button in FusionAuth. Instead, this configuration is intended for use with the JWT Reconcile API.

- [External JWT API](/docs/apis/identity-providers/external-jwt)
- [Reconcile a JWT API](/docs/apis/jwt#reconcile-a-jwt-using-the-external-jwt-provider)

Using this identity provider allows you to authenticate with a third party that can provide you a JSON Web Token (JWT). Then you may take this JWT and send it to FusionAuth to reconcile the user. The reconcile process is essentially logging that user into a particular FusionAuth application.

The configuration for this identity provider allows you to configure some claim mapping from the third party JWT to the FusionAuth user, and it will require one or more keys that will allow FusionAuth to verify the signature of the third party JWT. These keys will be added to the `Verification Keys` section documented below.

<ExternalJwtProviderWarning />

If you are looking to add a login button to FusionAuth for users to authenticate against a third party identity provider, this is not the configuration you're looking for, move along.

## Create an External JWT Identity Provider

To create an Identity Provider navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb> and click <InlineUIElement>Add provider</InlineUIElement> and select `External JWT` from the dialog. This will take you to the Add panel, and you will need to fill out the required fields.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/external-jwt/identity-provider-external-jwt-add.png" alt="Add External JWT" width="1200" />

### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Id" optional>
    An optional UUID. When this value is omitted a unique Id will be generated automatically.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Tenant" optional since="1.62.0">
    The tenant to which this identity provider belongs. This field only displays when the user selects a specific tenant on the previous page. When `Global identity provider` is selected on the previous page, this field does not display.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Name" required>
    A unique name to identify the identity provider. This name is for display purposes only and it can be modified later if desired.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Reconcile lambda" optional since="1.17.0">
    A lambda may be utilized to map custom claims from the JWT. This may be used in addition to, or in place of the claim mapping on the JWT tab.

    To configure a lambda, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Lambdas</Breadcrumb>.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Linking strategy" optional since="1.28.0">
    The linking strategy for this identity provider. [See Linking Strategies for more](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/#linking-strategies).

    When the <InlineField>Linking strategy</InlineField> is equal to `Link on email. Create the user if they do not exist.` or `Link on email. Do not create the user if they do not exist.` and the `email_verified` claim is present on the response from the External JWT Identity Provider and the value is `false` a link will not be established and an error will be returned indicating a link cannot be established using an unverified email address.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Debug enabled" optional defaults="false">
    Enable debug to create an event log to assist you in debugging integration errors.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

## Applications

To enable this identity provider for an application, find your application name in the table. You will always see the `FusionAuth` application, this application represents the FusionAuth user interface. If you wish to be able to log into FusionAuth with this provider you may enable this application.

In the above screenshot, you will see that we have enabled this login provider for the `Pied Piper` application and enabled `Create registration`. Enabling create registration means that a user does not need to be manually registered for the application before using this login provider.

For example, when a new user attempts to log into `Pied Piper` using this identity provider, if their user does not exist in FusionAuth it will be created dynamically, and if the `Create registration` toggle has been enabled, the user will also be registered for `Pied Piper` and assigned any default roles assigned by the application.

If you do not wish to automatically provision a user for this Application when logging in with PiedPiper, leave `Create registration` off and you will need to manually register a user for this application before they may complete login with this provider.

## JWT

This configuration is necessary to allow FusionAuth to properly inspect the third-party JWT once the signature has been verified.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/external-jwt/identity-provider-external-jwt-jwt-add.png" alt="Add External JWT" width="1200" />


### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Unique Id claim" optional defaults="sub">
    The name of the claim that will contain the user's unique Id.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Email claim" optional defaults="email">
    The name of the claim that will contain an email address.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Email verified claim" optional defaults="email_verified" since="1.48.0">
    The name of the claim that will contain the email verified claim.

    When the linking strategy is configured to `Link on email. Create the user if they do not exist.` or `Link on email. Do not create the user if they do not exist.`, a link will be rejected if this claim is returned by the identity provider and the value is `false`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Username claim" optional defaults="preferred_username">
    The name of the claim that will contain the user's username.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Header key identifier" optional defaults="kid">
    This value is the name of the claim in the third-party JWT header FusionAuth can find the identifier used to indicate which key pair was used to generate the JWT signature. This allows FusionAuth to use the correct key if more than one key is provided in the `Verification Keys` configuration.

    This field defaults to `kid`, this is a common identifier used in the JWT header to identify the key used to generate the signature.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Default verification key" optional>
    This value is the name of the claim in the third-party JWT header FusionAuth can find the identifier used to indicate which key pair was used to generate the JWT signature. This allows FusionAuth to use the correct key if more than one key is provided in the `Verification Keys` configuration.

    This field defaults to `kid`, this is a common identifier used in the JWT header to identify the key used to generate the signature.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Unique claim" optional deprecated>
    This value is the name of the claim in the third-party JWT where FusionAuth can find the user's email address. The email address will be used in FusionAuth to uniquely identify a user.

    This field defaults to `email`, this is likely the correct claim name.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


## Managed domains

To successfully reconcile a JWT to FusionAuth using this identity provider, you can *optionally* specify one more managed domains.
A managed domain will indicate to FusionAuth this identity provider can reconcile a user based upon their email address.

For example, if a user's email address is `jared@piedpiper.com`, in order for a JWT owned by Jared to be reconciled to FusionAuth using this identity provider, `piedpiper.com` could be configured as a managed domain.  You may leave this blank. If you do so, then any email can be used with this identity provider. This is helpful if you are not certain which email domains your users will have.

A domain may only be managed by a single identity provider in the context of a given tenant. More than one domain may be added per identity provider. Learn more about [managed domains](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/#managed-domains).

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/external-jwt/identity-provider-external-jwt-domains-add.png" alt="Add External JWT" width="1200" />

### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Managed domains" optional>
    This identity provider may only be used to reconcile a user that has an email address that matches a configured domain. If you do not know which domains you would like to manage, you may leave this empty for now and return and add them later.

    If you would like to add more than one domain, use a separate line per domain.

    These configured domains will be used by the [Lookup API](/docs/apis/identity-providers/#lookup-an-identity-provider) and the [Reconcile API](/docs/apis/jwt#reconcile-a-jwt-using-the-external-jwt-provider).
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

## Claim mapping

All configured claim mappings will be visible here. Use the <InlineUIElement>Add Claim</InlineUIElement> button to add additional claim mappings. You may optionally perform all of the claim mapping using a Reconcile lambda function.

## Add Claim Mapping Dialog

If you click on the <InlineUIElement>Add Claim</InlineUIElement> button on this page you will be presented with the following dialog.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/external-jwt/identity-provider-external-jwt-add-claim-dialog.png" alt="Add Claim Mapping" width="1200" role="box-shadow" />

### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Incoming claim" required>
    The name of the claim in the third-party JWT that you would like to map to a FusionAuth user claim
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="FusionAuth claim" required>
    The FusionAuth user claim to receive the value of the specified claim in the third-party JWT. If you select the special values `UserData` or `RegistrationData` the value will be stored in either the user or registration data with the key being the claim name.

    For example, if you select `company` as the incoming claim, and specify `RegistrationData`, the claim will be stored in the registration data for the corresponding application.

    ```json
    {
     "registration": {
       "data": {
        "company": "Acme. Corp"
       }
     }
    }
    ```
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


## OAuth

The OAuth configuration is not a functional part of this identity provider. Instead, it is provided for convenience only.

If you review the API response of the [Lookup API](/docs/apis/identity-providers/#lookup-an-identity-provider) you will notice it returns these two values. You may use these values then at runtime to identify where to redirect the user to complete authentication.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/external-jwt/identity-provider-external-jwt-oauth-add.png" alt="Add External JWT" width="1200" />

### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Authorization endpoint" optional>
    The URL of the OAuth 2.0 Authorization endpoint in use by the third-party identity provider that will be providing the third-party JWT.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Token endpoint" optional>
    The URL of the OAuth 2.0 Token endpoint in use by the third-party identity provider that will be providing the third-party JWT.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

# OpenID Connect with Discord

import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import {Content as IdentityProviderOverviewDiagram} from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_identity-provider-overview-diagram.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

Once you have completed this configuration you may enable an OpenID Connect <InlineUIElement>Login with Discord</InlineUIElement> button for one or more FusionAuth Applications. See [Discord - OAuth2](https://discord.com/developers/docs/topics/oauth2/) for an additional reference.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/gaming/discord-openid-connect-login.png" alt="Login with Discord" width="1200" role="shadowed" />

<IdentityProviderOverviewDiagram identity_provider_name="Discord" />

### Register a Discord OAuth2 Application

First, log in to [Discord](https://discord.com/developers/applications/). Then, navigate to [https://discord.com/developers/applications/](https://discord.com/developers/applications/) and create a new application.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/gaming/discord-openid-connect-client-id-secret.png" alt="Discord Client ID and Secret" width="1200" role="shadowed" />

Finally, configure OAuth2 for your Discord app by opening <Breadcrumb>Selected App -> Settings -> OAuth2</Breadcrumb> in the navigation pane on the left side of the screen.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/gaming/discord-openid-connect-register-application.png" alt="Register a new Discord OAuth Application" width="1200" />

To configure the callback URL for your application, add `/oauth2/callback` to the URL for your instance of FusionAuth. In the screenshot, FusionAuth is running at `https://login.piedpiper.com` so the redirect URL is `https://login.piedpiper.com/oauth2/callback`.

Note the `CLIENT ID` and the `CLIENT SECRET` after the application is created. You'll use these to configure the <InlineField>Client Id</InlineField> and <InlineField>Client secret</InlineField> values for your FusionAuth OpenID Connected Identity Provider.

### Configure a New FusionAuth OpenID Connect Identity Provider

To create a Discord Identity Provider, open FusionAuth, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb>, and click <InlineUIElement>Add OpenID Connect</InlineUIElement>.

On the `Add OpenID Connect` screen fill out the required fields:

* <InlineField>Client Id</InlineField> and <InlineField>Client secret</InlineField> use the `CLIENT ID` and `CLIENT SECRET` values that you noted earlier.
* <InlineField>Redirect URL</InlineField> is generated for you and is based on the URL for the instance FusionAuth. The value must match the redirect URL for your Discord application that you configured previously.

Next, disable the <InlineField>Discover endpoints</InlineField> field as Discord doesn't implement a well-known configuration endpoint. Instead, add the endpoints manually. The values for the fields are:

* `Authorization endpoint` - `https://discord.com/api/oauth2/authorize`
* `Token endpoint` - `https://discord.com/api/oauth2/token`
* `Userinfo endpoint` - `https://discord.com/api/users/@me`

In the <InlineField>Scope</InlineField> field for your application specify the scopes `identify` and `email`. Also, set <InlineField>Client authentication method</InlineField> to `Request body (client_secret_post)`, as Discord expects the `client_secret` in the request body of the authentication request.

Discord doesn't use the standard email identity claims. Open the <Breadcrumb>Options</Breadcrumb> tab and update the <InlineField>Unique Id Claim</InlineField> field to `id` and the <InlineField>Email verified claim</InlineField> field to `verified`.


<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/gaming/discord-change-unique-claim.png" alt="FusionAuth Discord Change Claim" width="1200" role="top-cropped" />


The <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> tab at the bottom of the screenshot below shows that the identity provider is enabled for the `Pied Piper` application. In addition, <InlineField>Create registration</InlineField> is also enbabled.

The Discord implementation of OpenID Connect doesn't currently follow the full specification. You can optionally populate additional data for the user profile, such as the Discord username and avatar URL, by enabling an <InlineField>Reconcile lambda</InlineField>. See [the lambda documentation](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/reconcile/openid-connect-response-reconcile) for more information.

That's it, now the <InlineUIElement>Login with Discord</InlineUIElement> button will show up on the login page of our `PiedPiper` application.

The following image shows the upper portion of the discord Identity Provider configuration:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/gaming/top-discord-openid-connect-configuration.png" alt="FusionAuth Discord IdP Configuration" />

And here is an image with the lower portion of the discord Identity Provider configuration:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/gaming/bottom-discord-openid-connect-configuration.png" alt="FusionAuth Discord IdP Configuration" />

# Epic Games

import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import IdpApplicationConfiguration from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_idp-application-configuration.astro';
import IdpFormFields from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_idp-form-fields.astro';
import {Content as IdentityProviderOverviewDiagram} from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_identity-provider-overview-diagram.mdx';
import {Content as LoginApiIntegration} from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_login-api-integration.mdx';

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.28.0`
</Aside>

This section explains how to add a Login with Epic Games button to FusionAuth. Below is an example login page with the Epic Games Identity Provider enabled.

Once you have completed this configuration you will be able to enable the Epic Games login button for one or more FusionAuth Applications. Below is an example login page with the Epic Games Identity Provider enabled.

![Epic Games Login](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/gaming/login-epic.png)

<IdentityProviderOverviewDiagram identity_provider_name="Epic Games" />

## Create an Epic Games Account

Follow instructions for obtaining a `Client id` and `Client secret` from [the Epic Games documentation](https://dev.epicgames.com/portal/).

## Create an Epic Games Identity Provider

<IdpApplicationConfiguration identity_provider="Epic Games" />

![Epic Games Home](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/gaming/identity-provider-epic-add.png)


<IdpFormFields getStartedHref="https://dev.epicgames.com/portal/" getStartedText="Epic Games - Getting Started" idp="Epic Games" linkingStrategy="Create a pending link" />

## Building Your Own Integration

<LoginApiIntegration apiRef="/docs/apis/identity-providers/epicgames#complete-the-propsmanual_idp_display_name-login" identity_provider_name="Epic Games" />

# Nintendo

import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import IdpApplicationConfiguration from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_idp-application-configuration.astro';
import IdpFormFields from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_idp-form-fields.astro';
import {Content as IdentityProviderOverviewDiagram} from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_identity-provider-overview-diagram.mdx';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import {Content as LoginApiIntegration} from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_login-api-integration.mdx';

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.36.0`
</Aside>

This section explains how to add a Login with Nintendo button to FusionAuth. Below is an example login page with the Nintendo Identity Provider enabled.

Once you have completed this configuration you will be able to enable the Nintendo login button for one or more FusionAuth Applications. Below is an example login page with the Nintendo Identity Provider enabled.

![Nintendo Login](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/gaming/login-nintendo.png)

<IdentityProviderOverviewDiagram identity_provider_name="Nintendo" />

## Nintendo Developer Account

Create a new Nintendo developer account or log into the [Nintendo Developer Portal](https://developer.nintendo.com) with an existing account. Retrieve an existing `Client Id` and `Client secret` or follow Nintendo documentation to request them. Contact Nintendo Developer support for additional information.

## Create a Nintendo Identity Provider

<IdpApplicationConfiguration identity_provider="Nintendo" />

![Nintendo Home](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/gaming/identity-provider-nintendo-add.png)

<IdpFormFields getStartedHref="https://developer.nintendo.com/"
               getStartedText="Nintendo Developer Portal"
               idp="Nintendo"
               linkingStrategy="Create a pending link"
               scopeDescription="The optional scope parameter used by Nintendo to request details about the user." />

### Options

![Add Nintendo Options](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/gaming/identity-provider-nintendo-add-options.png)

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Unique Id claim" optional defaults="id">
    The name of the claim that contains the immutable unique Id of the user.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Email claim" optional defaults="email">
    The name of the claim that will contain an email address.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Username claim" optional defaults="preferred_username">
    The name of the claim that will contain the user's username.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

## Building Your Own Integration

<LoginApiIntegration apiRef="/docs/apis/identity-providers/nintendo#complete-the-propsmanual_idp_display_name-login"  identity_provider_name="Nintendo" />

# Sony PlayStation Network

import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import IdpApplicationConfiguration from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_idp-application-configuration.astro';
import IdpFormFields from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_idp-form-fields.astro';
import {Content as IdentityProviderOverviewDiagram} from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_identity-provider-overview-diagram.mdx';
import {Content as LoginApiIntegration} from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_login-api-integration.mdx';

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.28.0`
</Aside>

This section explains how to add a Login with Sony PlayStation Network button to FusionAuth. Below is an example login page with the Sony PlayStation Network Identity Provider enabled.

Once you have completed this configuration you will be able to enable the Sony PlayStation Network login button for one or more FusionAuth Applications. Below is an example login page with the Sony PlayStation Network Identity Provider enabled.

![Sony PlayStation Network Login](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/gaming/login-playstation.png)

<IdentityProviderOverviewDiagram identity_provider_name="Sony PlayStation Network" />

## Create a Sony PlayStation Network Account

Follow instructions for obtaining a `Client id` and `Client secret` from the [Sony PlayStation Network documentation](https://partners.playstation.net/).

## Create a Sony PlayStation Network Identity Provider

<IdpApplicationConfiguration identity_provider="Sony PlayStation Network" />

![Sony PlayStation Network Home](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/gaming/identity-provider-playstation-add.png)

<IdpFormFields getStartedHref="https://partners.playstation.net/"
               getStartedText="Sony PlayStation Network - Getting Started"
               idp="Sony PlayStation Network"
               linkingStrategy="Create a pending link" />

## Building Your Own Integration

<LoginApiIntegration apiRef="/docs/apis/identity-providers/sonypsn#complete-the-propsmanual_idp_display_name-login" identity_provider_name="Sony PlayStation Network" />

# Steam

import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import IdpApplicationConfiguration from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_idp-application-configuration.astro';
import IdpFormFields from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_idp-form-fields.astro';
import {Content as IdentityProviderOverviewDiagram} from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_identity-provider-overview-diagram.mdx';
import {Content as LoginApiIntegration} from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_login-api-integration.mdx';

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.28.0`
</Aside>

This section explains how to add a Login with Steam button to FusionAuth.
Below is an example login page with the Steam Identity Provider enabled.

Once you have completed this configuration you will be able to enable the Steam login button for one or more FusionAuth Applications. Below is an example login page with the Steam Identity Provider enabled.

![Steam Login](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/gaming/login-steam.png)

<IdentityProviderOverviewDiagram identity_provider_name="Steam" />

## Create a Steam Account

Follow instructions for obtaining a `Client id` and `Client secret` from [the Steam documentation](https://partner.steamgames.com/doc/webapi_overview/oauth/).

## Create a Steam Identity Provider

<IdpApplicationConfiguration identity_provider="Steam" />

![Steam Home](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/gaming/identity-provider-steam-add.png)

<IdpFormFields getStartedHref="https://partner.steamgames.com/doc/webapi_overview/oauth"
               getStartedText="Steam - Getting Started"
               idp="Steam"
               linkingStrategy="Create a pending link" />

## Building Your Own Integration

<LoginApiIntegration apiRef="/docs/apis/identity-providers/steam#complete-the-propsmanual_idp_display_name-login" identity_provider_name="Steam" />

# Twitch

import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import {Content as IdentityProviderOverviewDiagram} from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_identity-provider-overview-diagram.mdx';
import IdpApplicationConfiguration from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_idp-application-configuration.astro';
import IdpFormFields from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_idp-form-fields.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import {Content as LoginApiIntegration} from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_login-api-integration.mdx';

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.28.0`
</Aside>

This section explains how to add a Login with Twitch button to FusionAuth.
Below is an example login page with the Twitch Identity Provider enabled.

Once you have completed this configuration you will be able to enable the Twitch login button for one or more FusionAuth Applications. Below is an example login page with the Twitch Identity Provider enabled.

![Login Twitch](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/gaming/login-twitch.png)

<IdentityProviderOverviewDiagram identity_provider_name="Twitch" />

## Create a Twitch Account

Ensure you have a Twitch account, and then navigate to the [Twitch Developer dashboard](https://dev.twitch.tv/). Please note that you will need to have verified your account and enabled two-factor authentication.

If you do not yet have a Twitch app, [you will need to create an app](https://dev.twitch.tv/console/apps). If you already have a Twitch app that you plan to use for FusionAuth, please review this section anyway to ensure your configuration is correct to support the Twitch Identity Provider.

In the following screenshot you will find an example of creating an application in Twitch. Review the following sections to ensure your configuration is correct. Fill out any required fields found on this form and click the <InlineUIElement>Create</InlineUIElement> button to create a new Twitter app.

### Add the Callback URL

In this example I have registered `https://login.piedpiper.com/oauth2/callback` as the callback URL. Please note that Twitch requires this URL to use the `HTTPS` schema.

![Create Twitch App](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/gaming/twitch-create-app.png)

### Choose a Category

You can select the category of the application for which you are enabling the ability to login with Twitch.

### Keys and token

Once you click <InlineUIElement>Create</InlineUIElement>, you will be redirected back to the dashboard for applications. From there, you will have to click <InlineUIElement>Manage</InlineUIElement> to view the client Id and the client secret. Create a secret by clicking on the <InlineUIElement>New Secret</InlineUIElement> button. These two values will be used to configure the FusionAuth Identity Provider.

There is no further configuration to perform on this panel, you will only need to record or copy these values for the next step.

Once you have completed this configuration you will be able to enable the Twitch login button for one or more FusionAuth Applications.

## Create a Twitch Identity Provider

<IdpApplicationConfiguration identity_provider="Twitch" />

![Twitch Home](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/gaming/identity-provider-twitch-add.png)


<IdpFormFields getStartedHref="https://dev.twitch.tv/"
               getStartedText="Twitch - Getting Started" i
               idp="Twitch"
               linkingStrategy="Create a pending link"
               scopeDefault="openid user:read:email"
               scopeDescription="The optional scope parameter used by Twitch to request details about the user." />

## Building Your Own Integration

<LoginApiIntegration apiRef="/docs/apis/identity-providers/twitch#complete-the-propsmanual_idp_display_name-login" identity_provider_name="Twitch" />

# Xbox

import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import IdpApplicationConfiguration from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_idp-application-configuration.astro';
import IdpFormFields from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_idp-form-fields.astro';
import {Content as IdentityProviderOverviewDiagram} from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_identity-provider-overview-diagram.mdx';
import {Content as LoginApiIntegration} from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_login-api-integration.mdx';

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.28.0`
</Aside>

This section explains how to add a Login with Xbox button to FusionAuth.
Below is an example login page with the Xbox Identity Provider enabled.

Once you have completed this configuration you will be able to enable the Xbox login button for one or more FusionAuth Applications. Below is an example login page with the Xbox Identity Provider enabled.

![Xbox Login](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/gaming/login-xbox.png)

<IdentityProviderOverviewDiagram identity_provider_name="Xbox" />

## Create an Xbox Account

Follow instructions for obtaining a `Client id` and `Client secret` from [the Xbox documentation](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/gaming/xbox-live/get-started/live-getstarted-nav).

## Create an Xbox Identity Provider

<IdpApplicationConfiguration identity_provider="Xbox" />

![Xbox Home](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/gaming/identity-provider-xbox-add.png)


<IdpFormFields getStartedHref="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/gaming/xbox-live/get-started/live-getstarted-nav"
               getStartedText="Xbox - Getting Started"
               idp="Xbox" linkingStrategy="Create a pending link" />

## Building Your Own Integration

<LoginApiIntegration apiRef="/docs/apis/identity-providers/xbox#complete-the-propsmanual_idp_display_name-login" identity_provider_name="Xbox" />

# Identity Providers

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import IdentityProviderLimitations from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_identity-provider-limits.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

Identity Providers enable third-party login. This includes social options such as Facebook and Google, and enterprise options such as OIDC and SAML.

Find the FusionAuth Identity Providers in the Admin UI by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb> or use the [Identity Providers](/docs/apis/identity-providers/) APIs.

![Identity Providers](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/identity-providers.png)

## Social Identity Providers

FusionAuth supports the following social identity providers:

* [Apple](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/apple)
* [Facebook](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/facebook)
* [Epic Games](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/gaming/epic-games) - requires a paid plan.
* [Google](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/google)
* [HYPR](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/hypr)
* [LinkedIn](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/linkedin)
* [Nintendo](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/gaming/nintendo) - requires a paid plan.
* [Sony](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/gaming/sony) - requires a paid plan.
* [Steam](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/gaming/steam) - requires a paid plan.
* [Twitch](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/gaming/twitch) - requires a paid plan.
* [Twitter](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/twitter)
* [Xbox](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/gaming/xbox) - requires a paid plan.

If you're looking for a provider that is not listed here, review the open feature requests in [GitHub](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues). Vote or comment on an existing feature, or open a new feature request if you do not find an request for your provider.

## Enterprise Identity Providers

FusionAuth supports the following enterprise identity providers:

* [External JWT](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/external-jwt/)
* [OpenID Connect](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/overview-oidc)
* [SAML v2](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/overview-samlv2)
* [SAML v2 IdP Initiated](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/samlv2-idp-initiated) - requires a paid plan.

If you're looking for a provider that is not listed here, review the open feature requests in [GitHub](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues). Vote or comment on an existing feature, or open a new feature request if you do not find an request for your provider.

## Identity Provider Scope

<Aside type="version">
Tenant-scoped identity providers require version `1.62.0` or later.
</Aside>

A tenant-scoped identity provider is only usable in authentication workflows for the specified tenant. This can be useful to scope a particular identity provider configuration to users within a specific tenant.

An identity provider instance that is not scoped to a specific tenant is global and available to all tenants. All identity provider instances created prior to version `1.62.0` are global.

### Global Identity Providers and Tenant-scoped API Keys

A tenant-scoped API key can only alter objects scoped to its associated tenant. Because global identity providers span all tenants, you cannot use a tenant-scoped API key with a global identity provider via the [Identity Provider API](/docs/apis/identity-providers). You can, however, use a tenant-scoped API key to interact with things like identity provider links, as these are confined to a user within a tenant.

### Configure an Identity Provider as Tenant-scoped

Once created, you cannot modify the scope of an identity provider. Choose a scope during identity provider creation. When using the API, set `identityProvider.tenantId` to the desired tenant ID. In the admin app, select a specific tenant from the dropdown on the Add Identity Provider view.

### Configure an Identity Provider as Global

Omitting the `identityProvider.tenantId` parameter from the API request to create an identity provider or selecting `Global identity provider` from the dropdown on the Add Identity Provider view in the admin app will create a global identity provider.

## Identity Providers and Tenants

Identity providers can be configured to set a limit on the number of links that may be established on a per tenant basis.

In the following, we have enabled "Limit links per user" on the Default tenant and set a "Maximum link count" of `2`. With this configuration, a user will only be able to establish at most two links for this IdP specifically.

![Identity Providers](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/identity-provider-tenant-config.png)

## Identity Providers and Applications

Identity providers can be enabled or disabled on a per application basis.

In the following screenshot you will see that we have enabled this login provider for the Pied Piper application and enabled "Create registration". Enabling "Create registration" means that a user does not need to be manually registered for the application prior to using this login provider.

![Identity Providers](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/identity-provider-application-config.png)

For example, when a new user attempts to log into Pied Piper using Google, if their user does not exist in FusionAuth it will be created dynamically, and if the Create registration toggle has been enabled, the user will also be registered for Pied Piper and assigned any default roles assigned by the application.

If you do not wish to automatically provision a user for this Application when logging in with Google, leave Create registration off and you will need to manually register a user for this application before they may complete login with Google and be authorized for the Pied Piper Application.

<Aside type="note">
Regardless of whether you enable "Create registration" or not, a user may be created within FusionAuth when a person signs in with the identity provider. What happens depends on the configured linking strategy. This setting controls whether a user is registered and therefore authorized for this application.
</Aside>

When you enable an identity provider you're indicating that this external provider is an additional SoR (Source of Record). When the user successfully logs into this provider such as Google, Google has told FusionAuth the user exists and their credentials are valid. In return FusionAuth accepts this source of record and creates link and/or user, depending on the linking strategy. Next we identify if the configuration allows us to automatically register (that is, provide authorization) for the requested application, based on the "Create registration" setting.

## Overrides

<Aside type="version">
In version `1.61.0` and later FusionAuth supports creating multiple instances of all Identity Provider types, giving you the option to create a second instance of the Identity Provider type rather than using application overrides.
</Aside>

You can have different identity provider configurations for different applications. Suppose you had two different applications that were both using the Apple Identity Provider. But for one, you wanted to request the `email name` scope and for the other you wanted to request the `email` scope only. To make this work, create the Apple Identity provider with the scope `email name` and assign it to the first application. Then, for the second, override the <InlineField>Scope</InlineField> field with the `email` value.

You can override none, some or all of the available configuration values by expanding the <InlineUIElement>Overrides</InlineUIElement> element for the application's identity provider setting. You may also modify the <InlineField>identityProvider.applicationConfiguration</InlineField> values using the API.

![Overriding Identity Provider settings](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/override-identity-provider-settings.png)

The External JWT Identity Provider type does not offer override settings since you can create more than one.

In some cases, you need to use two different Applications to achieve your desired configuration. For example, if you need two sets of attributes for an Identity Provider, but the attributes don't exist in the <InlineUIElement>Overrides</InlineUIElement> options. An example of such an attribute is <InlineField>Linking Strategy</InlineField>.

## Hints

<YouTube id="5bYpee0dlAA" />

When you are using the FusionAuth hosted login pages, you can bypass the login page and go directly to a third party Identity Provider based upon the user's email address or an Identity Provider Id.

<Aside type="note">
Hints currently work with most Identity Providers with the exception of HYPR and the SAML v2 Identity Provider Initiated type Identity Provider.
</Aside>

An Identity Provider Id is appended to the Login URL for an application using the `idp_hint` request parameter. For example, to send a user directly to a login page for an OIDC identity provider with the id `44449786-3dff-42a6-aac6-1f1ceecb6c46`, you'd append `&idp_hint=44449786-3dff-42a6-aac6-1f1ceecb6c46`.

An email address or domain may be provided in the `login_hint` request parameter. For example, to send a user directly to the login page of an OIDC IdP configured with a domain of `example.com`, you'd append `&login_hint=example.com` to the application's Login URL. The use of this parameter is up to the Identity Provider, so adding this parameter may or may not be supported by the Identity Provider you are using.

You can read more about the `login_hint` and `idp_hint` parameters in the [OAuth Endpoints documentation](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints).

## Managed Domains

For SAML v2 or OIDC identity providers, you can optionally enable managed domains. This feature is not available for any other types of identity providers.

If users share a common email domain, such as `@example.com`, you can use managed domains to streamline their login process. Here's how it works:

1. On the login page, users are prompted to enter their email address.
1. If the email domain matches a managed domain defined in the identity provider settings, the user is automatically redirected to the configured identity provider for authentication.
1. If the email domain does not match, the user proceeds to the standard email/password login flow.

Multiple email address domains can be managed by the same identity provider. Multiple identity providers can be configured with managed domains.

Each email domain can be managed by at most one identity provider in the context of a given tenant. A particular email domain can be managed in a FusionAuth instance by either:

* A single global identity provider
* Any number of tenant-scoped identity providers

Configuring managed domains on an identity provider and then configuring the identity provider to be enabled for an application changes the login page experience for all users logging into this application. Every user viewing the application login page will be required to enter their email address first. 

## Account Security

When you configure an Identity Provider, you are explicitly trusting this federated identity system to authenticate users. MFA requirements and configuration, roles and groups, email or phone verification, and account identifiers are controlled by the provider.

<Aside type="caution">
Be careful who you allow to set up an Identity Provider. Your security is only as strong as the security of the platform to which you federate.
</Aside>

A malicious identity provider can negatively impact your system. For instance, it could create accounts with email addresses already in FusionAuth. This could lead to account takeover; the malicious user could log in to the identity provider, return to FusionAuth, and access user data.

To mitigate these attacks, consider the following strategies:

* Do not set up an Identity Provider.
* Limit the applications for which an Identity Provider is configured.
* Use a reconcile lambda to ensure that the email address or identifier provided by the Identity Provider is expected.
* Use a `Disabled` linking strategy for an Identity Provider and manage links via the [Links API](/docs/apis/identity-providers/links); this allows business logic to execute before or during linking. Examples include disallowing any links to a certain domain or calling into another API for additional validation before creating a link.

## Linking Strategies

![Linking Strategies](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/linking-strategy.png)

The linking strategy is used when creating the link between the Identity Provider and the user account in FusionAuth.

Choose a linking strategy when you configure an identity provider.

The following table shows the differences between these linking strategies:

| Strategy | User must exist | User linked on | Use when the identity provider...
| --- | --- | --- | ---
| Create a Pending Link | Depends on application, see note below | User chooses account manually | ...shares a different email or username than an existing FusionAuth identity and users know enough to link them.
| Disabled         | &ndash; |    &ndash; | ...identities will be linked using the API. Use this when you want to manage linking explicitly using the Link API. Added in version `1.37.0`.
| Anonymous Link | No | IdP id | ...exposes neither username nor email.
| Link On Email. Create the user if they do not exist. | No | Email address | ...shares the user's email and users that do not exist in the identity provider can have access.
| Link On Email. Do not create the user if they do not exist. | Yes | Email address | ...shares the user's email and you don't want users that do not exist in FusionAuth to have access. Such users must be provisioned beforehand.
| Link On Username. Create the user if they do not exist. | No | Username | ...shares the user's username and users that do not exist in the identity provider can have access.
| Link On Username. Do not create the user if they do not exist. | Yes | Username | ...shares the user's username and you don't want users that do not exist in FusionAuth to have access. Such users must be provisioned beforehand.


Some identity providers don't provide a username and/or email. In those instances, consider using a pending link or creating an anonymous link. Both of these options enable you to link the user without an email or username in the response from the identity provider.

All identity providers can use reconciliation lambdas except <InlineUIElement>Anonymous Link</InlineUIElement>, which has no information to pass to a lambda.

## Linking and Create Registration

The <InlineField>Linking strategy</InlineField> and <InlineField>Create registration</InlineField> configurations are related to each other, but distinct.
The <InlineField>Linking strategy</InlineField> controls how a User is created in FusionAuth based on information returned from the remote identity provider. <InlineField>Create registration</InlineField> controls if the User created in FusionAuth is registered for a given Application.

## Linking Strategy Examples

Here are some walkthroughs of linking scenarios. A user, Richard, is trying to access an app, such as Pied Piper. Richard uses an Identity Provider to login. It doesn't matter if the Identity Provider is a social provider like Facebook or an enterprise provider like an OIDC or SAML compatible identity server, the behavior is the same.

The FusionAuth hosted login pages are being used. Similar behavior is available via the [Identity Provider API](/docs/apis/identity-providers/).

### Disabled

<Aside type="version">
Available since 1.37.0.
</Aside>

This is useful when you do not want to link automatically, and you wish to control all linking manually via the Link API. This provides you the greatest level of control of which users become linked from the identity provider to FusionAuth.

However, this strategy may not work if you do not have access to the `identityProviderUserId`, which is the immutable Id of the user in the upstream identity provider. See the [Link API](/docs/apis/identity-providers/links#link-a-user) for more.

### Pending Link

This is useful when the user has a different email or username in the remote identity provider than an existing FusionAuth identity. The user must know enough to link them. That is, they must remember the account they have in FusionAuth. This uses the linking strategy `Create a Pending Link`.

<Aside type="note">
If the application configuration allows for self service registration, the user can register for an account in FusionAuth when a pending link strategy is chosen. Otherwise the user must exist in FusionAuth.
</Aside>

Richard is logging into Pied Piper. He has an account in FusionAuth with the email address `richard@piedpiper.com`. He also has an account at Hooli with the email address `richard@hooli.com`.

1. Richard clicks on the 'Login With Hooli' button on the login screen.
1. He logs in to Hooli with `richard@hooli.com`, his account at Hooli.
1. He is redirected to FusionAuth.
1. He is prompted to log in to FusionAuth with his Pied Piper email and password.
1. He logs in with `richard@piedpiper.com`.
1. The FusionAuth account with the email `richard@piedpiper.com` is linked to the Hooli `richard@hooli.com` account.

![Screen prompting a user to connect their pending link account.](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/idp-linking-pending-link.png)

### Anonymous Link

This is a useful option if you don't want to create a full user account in FusionAuth. But see the [Anonymous Account Limitations](#anonymous-account-limitations) below. This uses the linking strategy <InlineUIElement>Anonymous Link</InlineUIElement>.

#### Anonymous Link, IdP Provides Email

Richard is logging into Pied Piper. He doesn't have an account in FusionAuth.

1. Richard clicks on the 'Login With Hooli' button on the login screen.
1. He logs in to Hooli with `richard@hooli.com`, his account at Hooli.
1. He is redirected to FusionAuth.
1. There is an account created in FusionAuth with no username or email address. It is not a full account.
1. Richard can interact with Pied Piper (a JWT is issued, etc), but cannot use FusionAuth workflows like 'forgot password'.

![Admin view of a user who has linked anonymously.](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/idp-linking-anonymous-account.png)

#### Anonymous Link, No Email Or Username Returned By The IdP

Richard is logging into Pied Piper. He doesn't have an account in FusionAuth. The identity provider is the Hooli XYZ server. This identity provider does not return a username or password in its response.

1. Richard clicks on the 'Login With Hooli XYZ' button on the login screen.
1. He logs in with `richard@hoolixyz.com`.
1. He is redirected to FusionAuth.
1. There is an account created in FusionAuth with no username or email address. It is not a full account.
1. Richard can interact with Pied Piper (a JWT is issued, etc), but cannot use FusionAuth workflows like 'forgot password'.

#### Anonymous Account Limitations

Users with an anonymous account may log in to applications using their IdP-provided credentials.

They won't have an email address, so can't use any of the email based FusionAuth workflows like 'forgot password'.

You also can't modify the user using any FusionAuth APIs. If you try to modify the user using these, you must provide a username or email.

Because this linking strategy provides no information about the user, <InlineUIElement>Anonymous Link</InlineUIElement> cannot call a reconciliation lambda.

### Link On Email

The following strategies link using an email address.

* `Link On Email. Create the user if they do not exist.` creates a user if no matching account exists in FusionAuth.
* `Link On Email. Do not create the user if they do not exist.` does not create a user if no matching account exists and treats such a login as an error. If a matching account exists, the login succeeds.

#### Link On Email, Matching Account Must Exist and Does

This uses the linking strategy `Link On Email. Do not create the user if they do not exist.`.

Here, Richard is logging into Pied Piper. He has an account in FusionAuth with the email address `richard@piedpiper.com`.

1. Richard clicks on the 'Login With Hooli' button on the login screen.
1. He logs in to Hooli with the `richard@piedpiper.com` account.
1. He is redirected to FusionAuth and logs in successfully. Access is allowed.
1. The FusionAuth account with the email `richard@piedpiper.com` is linked to the Hooli `richard@piedpiper.com` account.

#### Link On Email, Matching Account Must Exist But Doesn't

This uses the linking strategy `Link On Email. Do not create the user if they do not exist.`.

Richard is logging into Pied Piper. He doesn't have an account in FusionAuth.

1. Richard clicks on the 'Login With Hooli' button on the login screen.
1. He logs in to Hooli with the `richard@piedpiper.com` account.
1. He is redirected to FusionAuth but sees an error. No access is allowed.

Here's an example of the error page:

![Error when a user must exist for successful linking.](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/idp-linking-user-must-exist.png)

#### Link On Email, User Account Is Created If Needed

This uses the linking strategy `Link On Email. Create the user if they do not exist.`.

Richard is logging into Pied Piper. He doesn't have an account in FusionAuth.

1. Richard clicks on the 'Login With Hooli' button on the login screen.
1. He logs in to Hooli with the `richard@piedpiper.com` account.
1. He is redirected to FusionAuth.
1. A new account is created in FusionAuth with the email `richard@piedpiper.com`.
1. The new FusionAuth account with the email `richard@piedpiper.com` is linked to the Hooli `richard@piedpiper.com` account.

### Link On Username

The following linking strategies link using an email address:

* `Link On Username. Create the user if they do not exist.` creates a user if no matching account exists in FusionAuth.
* `Link On Username. Do not create the user if they do not exist.` does not create a user if no matching account exists and treats such a login as an error. If a matching account exists, the login succeeds.

#### Link On Username, Matching Account Must Exist And Does

This uses the linking strategy `Link On Username. Do not create the user if they do not exist.`.

Richard is logging into Pied Piper. He has an account in FusionAuth with the username `richard`.

1. Richard clicks on the 'Login With Hooli' button on the login screen.
1. He logs in to Hooli with the `richard` account.
1. He is redirected to FusionAuth and logs in successfully. Access is allowed.
1. The FusionAuth account with the username `richard` is linked to the Hooli `richard` account.

#### Link On Username, Matching Account Must Exist But Doesn't

This uses the linking strategy `Link On Username. Do not create the user if they do not exist.`.

Richard is logging into Pied Piper. He doesn't have an account in FusionAuth.

1. Richard clicks on the 'Login With Hooli' button on the login screen.
1. He logs in to Hooli with the `richard` account.
1. He is redirected to FusionAuth but sees an error. No access is allowed.

#### Link On Username, User Account Is Created If Needed

This uses the linking strategy `Link On Username. Create the user if they do not exist.`.

Richard is logging into Pied Piper. He doesn't have an account in FusionAuth.

1. Richard clicks on the 'Login With Hooli' button on the login screen.
1. He logs in to Hooli with the `richard` account.
1. He is redirected to FusionAuth.
1. A new account is created in FusionAuth with the username `richard`.
1. The new FusionAuth account with the username `richard` is linked to the Hooli `richard` account.

## OAuth Scope Parameter

If you would like to request OAuth scopes on the access token from FusionAuth, provide those in the `scope` parameter on the authorization request to FusionAuth.

In contrast, the `scope` parameter for the request to the identity provider is configured via the <InlineField>Scope</InlineField> value, if available.

## Limitations

<IdentityProviderLimitations />

# OpenID Connect

import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import ManagedDomainsDescription from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/_managed-domains-description.mdx';
import IdpManagedDomainsTroubleshooting from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/_idp-managed-domains-troubleshooting.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

This guide explains how to enable an OpenID Connect login provider.

We also provide specific examples for configuring OpenID connect with some providers whose implementation requires unique configuration. If you'd like us to provide additional examples, please open a request on [GitHub](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-site/issues).

* [Configure OpenID Connect with Amazon Cognito](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/cognito)
* [Configure OpenID Connect with Azure Active Directory/Microsoft Entra ID](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/azure-ad-oidc)
* [Configure OpenID Connect with Discord](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/gaming/discord)
* [Configure OpenID Connect with GitHub](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/github)
* [Configure OpenID Connect with Okta](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-oidc)

Once you have completed this configuration you will be able to enable the OpenID Connect login button for one or more FusionAuth Applications. Below is an example login page with an OpenID Connect Identity Provider enabled for PiedPiper.

![OpenID Connect Login](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/login-openid-connect.png)

## Create an OpenID Connect Identity Provider

To create an Identity Provider navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb> and click <InlineUIElement>Add provider</InlineUIElement> and select <InlineUIElement>OpenID Connect</InlineUIElement> from the dialog.


This will take you to the <Breadcrumb>Add OpenID Connect</Breadcrumb> screen, and you'll fill out the required fields. If you do not know the Client Id and Client secret for this provider, you will need to contact the owner of the OpenID Connect provider.

If your OpenID Connect provider has implemented a well-known configuration endpoint, FusionAuth will be able to discover the necessary endpoints when you provide the URL to the provider in the `Issuer` field. For example, if you enter `https://login.piedpiper.com` in the `Issuer` field, FusionAuth will attempt to make a request to `https://login.piedpiper.com/.well-known/openid-configuration` to retrieve additional configuration. Alternatively you may provide fully qualified URLs for each of the required endpoints, to do this, toggle off the `Discover endpoints` switch and you will be shown three required fields.

![Add OpenID Connect](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/identity-provider-openid-connect-add-top.png)

To enable this identity provider for an application, find your application name in the <InlineField>Applications</InlineField> configuration section at the bottom of this panel. You will always see the `FusionAuth` application, this application represents the FusionAuth user interface. If you wish to be able to log into FusionAuth with this provider you may enable this application.

In the following screenshot you will see that we have enabled this login provider for the `Pied Piper` application and enabled `Create registration`. Enabling create registration means that a user does not need to be manually registered for the application prior to using this login provider.

For example, when a new user attempts to log into `Pied Piper` using this identity provider, if their user does not exist in FusionAuth it will be created dynamically, and if the `Create registration` toggle has been enabled, the user will also be registered for `Pied Piper` and assigned any default roles assigned by the application.

If you do not wish to automatically provision a user for this Application when logging in with PiedPiper, leave `Create registration` off and you will need to manually register a user for this application before they may complete login with this provider.

![OpenID Connect Applications Configuration](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/identity-provider-openid-connect-add-bottom.png)

That's it, now the <InlineUIElement>Login with PiedPiper</InlineUIElement> button will show up on the login page.

### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Id" optional>
    An optional UUID. When this value is omitted a unique Id will be generated automatically.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Tenant" optional since="1.62.0">
    The tenant to which this identity provider belongs. This field only displays when the user selects a specific tenant on the previous page. When `Global identity provider` is selected on the previous page, this field does not display.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Name" required>
    A unique name to identify the identity provider. This name is for display purposes only and it can be modified later if desired.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Client Id" required>
    The client Id that will be used during the authentication workflow with this provider. This value will have been provided to you by the owner of the identity provider.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Client authentication" optional since="1.15.3">
    The client authentication method to use with the OpenID Connect identity provider.

    See the [OIDC spec concerning Client Authentication](https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html#ClientAuthentication) for more information.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Client secret" optional>
    The client secret that will be used during the authentication workflow with this provider. This value will have been provided to you by the owner of the identity provider.  This value is required when <InlineField>Client authentication method</InlineField> is not `HTTP basic authentication (client_secret_basic)` or `Request body (client_secret_post)`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Discover endpoints">
    When enabled FusionAuth will attempt to discover the endpoint configuration using the Issuer URL.

    For example, if `https://login.piedpiper.com` is specified as the issuer, the well-known OpenID Connect URL `https://piedpiper.com/.well-known/openid-configuration` will be queried to discover the well-known endpoints.

    When disabled, you may manually enter the required endpoints. This option is helpful if your OpenID Connect provider does not implement the well-known discovery endpoint.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Issuer" required>
    This is the public URL of the identity provider.

    When <InlineField>Discover endpoints</InlineField> is enabled, this field is required.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Authorization endpoint" required>
    The public URL of the OpenID Connect authorization endpoint.

    When <InlineField>Discover endpoints</InlineField> is disabled, this field is required.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Token endpoint" required>
    The public URL of the OpenID Connect token endpoint.

    When <InlineField>Discover endpoints</InlineField> is disabled, this field is required.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Userinfo endpoint" required>
    The public URL of the OpenID Connect userinfo endpoint.

    When <InlineField>Discover endpoints</InlineField> is disabled, this field will be required.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Button text" optional defaults="Login with OpenID Connect">
    The text to be displayed in the button on the login form.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Button image" optional>
    The image to be displayed in the button on the login form. When this value is omitted a default OpenID Connect icon will be displayed on the login button.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Scope" optional>
    This optional field defines the scope you're requesting from the user during login. This is an optional field, but it may be required depending upon the OpenID Connect provider you're using.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Linking strategy" optional since="1.28.0">
    The linking strategy for the OpenID Connect provider. [See Linking Strategies for more](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/#linking-strategies).

    When the <InlineField>Linking strategy</InlineField> is equal to `Link on email. Create the user if they do not exist.` or `Link on email. Do not create the user if they do not exist.` and the `email_verified` claim is present on the response from the OpenID Connect Identity Provider and the value is `false` a link will not be established and an error will be returned indicating a link cannot be established using an unverified email address.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Reconcile lambda" optional>
    A lambda maps custom claims returned from the OpenID Connect provider to the FusionAuth User or Registration.

    To create or configure a lambda, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Lambdas</Breadcrumb>. [See the lambda documentation for more](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Debug enabled" optional defaults="false">
    Enable debug to create event log entries during the user login process. This will assist you in debugging integration issues.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Managed Domains

![Add OpenID Connect Managed Domain](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/identity-provider-openid-connect-add-managed-domains.png)

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Managed domains" optional>
    <ManagedDomainsDescription type="OpenID Connect"/>
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Options

![Add OpenID Connect Options](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/identity-provider-openid-connect-add-options.png)

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Use POST method" optional defaults="false">
    When enabled the authentication request will use the HTTP POST binding with the identity provider instead of the default Redirect binding which uses the HTTP GET method.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Unique Id claim" optional defaults="sub">
    The name of the claim that contains the immutable unique Id of the user.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Email claim" optional defaults="email">
    The name of the claim that will contain an email address.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Email verified claim" optional defaults="email_verified" since="1.48.0">
    The name of the claim that will contain the email verified claim.

    When the linking strategy is configured to `Link on email. Create the user if they do not exist.` or `Link on email. Do not create the user if they do not exist.`, a link will be rejected if this claim is returned by the identity provider and the value is `false`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Username claim" optional defaults="preferred_username">
    The name of the claim that will contain the user's username.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

## Redirect URLs

When configuring an OpenID Connect identity provider, you'll need to provide a redirect URL. This is the URL to which the identity provider will send a successful request. From there, FusionAuth will process the request, run the [configured lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/reconcile/openid-connect-response-reconcile), if any, and log the user into FusionAuth. From there, the redirect URL of the application will be sent the authorization code, to exchange for a token. There are, therefore, two redirect URLs in this scenario:

* The application redirect URL, which catches the Authorization Code from FusionAuth and exchanges it for a token. This is a custom route that you write, and so you control the URL. This redirect will be present in any application integrating with FusionAuth whether or not you are using the OpenID Connect identity provider. Learn more about the [Authorization Code grant](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/#example-authorization-code-grant).
* The FusionAuth redirect URL, which handles the response from the OpenID Connect identity provider. This will always have the path `/oauth2/callback`. If your FusionAuth server is running at `login.pipedpiper.com`, the FusionAuth redirect URL will be `https://login.pipedpiper.com/oauth2/callback`.

Here is the request flow through an OpenID Connect login where the application is Pied Piper, the authorization server is FusionAuth, and the remote IdP is Azure Active Directory/Microsoft Entra ID.

```mermaid
sequenceDiagram
  participant b as Browser
  participant pp as Pied Piper
  participant f as FusionAuth
  participant aad as Azure AD/Microsoft Entra ID
  b ->> pp : Click Login Link
  pp ->> b : Redirect to FusionAuth
  b ->> f : Request Login Page
  f ->> b : Send Login Page
  b ->> f : Clicks on 'Login With Azure AD'
  f ->> b : Redirects to Azure AD
  b ->> aad : Requests Login Page
  aad ->> b : Sends Login Page
  b ->> aad : Sends Credentials
  aad ->> b : Redirects to FusionAuth Redirect URL
  b ->> f : Requests FusionAuth Redirect URL
  f ->> f : Processes request, runs lambda, logs user into FusionAuth
  f ->> b : Redirects to Pied Piper Redirect URL 
  b ->> pp : Requests Pied Piper Redirect URL
  pp ->> f : Requests Token
  f ->> pp : Returns Token
  pp ->> pp : Stores token (could send it to Browser as cookie as well)
  pp ->> b : Redirects to Application pages
  b ->> pp : Makes authenticated request(s)
```

## Proof Key for Code Exchange

<Aside type="version">
Available since 1.21.0
</Aside>

[Proof Key for Code Exchange](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7636), more commonly referred to as PKCE (pronounced pixy) is an extension to the Authorization Code grant. This extension is intended to help secure the code exchange workflow utilized by this OpenID Connect configuration.

This extension is used by default on all OpenID Connect IdP configurations, and it cannot be disabled. The use of this extension is backwards compatible with identity providers that either do not require or support PKCE.

FusionAuth will pass along the required PKCE request parameters to the OpenID Connect identity provider and if the provider supports PKCE, the extension will be utilized, and if it is not supported it will be ignored.

## Troubleshooting

The first steps to troubleshooting any OIDC connection are:

* Double check all your configuration, including making sure that there are no errant spaces.
* Turn on debugging and view the event log entries during a typical login flow.

### User info as JWT

The [OIDC specification](https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html#UserInfoResponse) allows a client to request the `userinfo` response in various formats:

* JSON
* Signed JWT
* Encrypted/nested JWT

FusionAuth supports the JSON format only. If you are trying to set up an OIDC integration and see an error message like:

```
Request to the [https://example.com/userinfo] endpoint failed. Status code [200].
Exception encountered.com.inversoft.rest.JSONException : Message: Failed to parse the HTTP response as JSON. Actual HTTP response body:
eyJoa...
```

This means that the OIDC endpoint is sending back the `userinfo` data as a JWT. Please review your client registration with the OIDC endpoint administrators to ensure `userinfo` data is sent back as JSON.

### Unable to login

<IdpManagedDomainsTroubleshooting idp_type_name="OIDC" />

# SAML v2

import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import IdpApplicationConfiguration from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_idp-application-configuration.astro';
import IdpManagedDomainsTroubleshooting from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/_idp-managed-domains-troubleshooting.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import ManagedDomainsDescription from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/_managed-domains-description.mdx';
import SamlIdpInitWarning from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_saml-idp-init-warning.mdx';
import SamlSpLimitations from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_saml-sp-limitations.mdx';
import Samlv2IntegrationDetailsFields from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/_samlv2-integration-details-fields.mdx';

This guide explains how to enable a SAML v2 Identity Provider.

<Aside type="note">
This document covers the configuration for FusionAuth's SAML v2 Identity Provider, where FusionAuth is a relying party. This is useful if you want to allow users to log into either FusionAuth's UI or your applications via a third party SAML v2 identity provider.

If you are looking for instructions to set up FusionAuth as a SAML v2 IdP (i.e. you want FusionAuth to be the system of record for your users, and other applications authenticate against FusionAuth), consult the [SAML v2 IdP](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/saml) documentation.
</Aside>

In this example FusionAuth is the SAML service provider and we are configuring a connection to a SAML Identity Provider which will be the system of record for user data.

We also provide specific examples for configuring SAML with some providers whose implementation requires unique configuration. If you'd like us to provide additional examples, please open a request on [GitHub](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-site/issues).

* [Configure SAML v2 for Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS)](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/adfs)
* [Configure SAML v2 for Okta](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/okta-samlv2)

Once you have completed this configuration you will be able to enable the SAML v2 login button for one or more FusionAuth Applications. Below is an example login page with a SAML v2 Identity Provider enabled for PiedPiper.

![SAML v2 Login](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/login-samlv2.png)


## Create a SAML v2 Identity Provider

To create an Identity Provider navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb> and click <InlineUIElement>Add provider</InlineUIElement>, and select `SAML v2` from the dialog.

This will take you to the `Add SAML v2` screen. Here you will need to fill out the required fields. If you do not know the IdP endpoint of your SAML v2 provider, you will need to contact the identity provider owner to get the URL.

<IdpApplicationConfiguration identity_provider="SAMLv2" login_message="That's it, now the 'Login with PiedPiper' button will show up on the login page." />

![Add SAML v2 Identity Provider](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/identity-provider-samlv2-add-top.png)


### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Enabled" optional>
    Whether this SAMLv2 Identity Provider is enabled.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Id" optional>
    An optional UUID. When this value is omitted a unique Id will be generated automatically.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Tenant" optional since="1.62.0">
    The tenant to which this identity provider belongs. This field only displays when the user selects a specific tenant on the previous page. When `Global identity provider` is selected on the previous page, this field does not display.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Name" required>
    A unique name to identify the identity provider. This name is for display purposes only and it can be modified later if desired.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="IdP endpoint" required>
    The URL of the SAML identity providers login page.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="NameID format" optional since="1.28.0">
    The NameID format to send to the SAML v2 identity provider in the AuthN request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Verification key" required>
    The public key or certificate that you must import into FusionAuth's KeyMaster. This is the public key provided to you by the identity provider.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Button text" required>
    The text to be displayed in the button on the login form. This value defaults to `Login with SAML` but it may be modified to your preference.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Button image" optional>
    The image to be displayed in the button on the login form. When this value is omitted a default SAML icon will be displayed on the login button.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Enable IdP initiated login" optional since="1.43.0">
    Allows IdP initiated login requests for this configuration. You must have a valid license to use this feature.

    <SamlIdpInitWarning />
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Issuer" optional since="1.43.0">
    The EntityId (unique identifier) of the SAML v2 identity provider. Required when <InlineField>Enable IdP initiated login</InlineField> is enabled. This value should be provided to you.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Linking strategy" optional since="1.28.0">
    The linking strategy for the SAMLv2 provider. [See Linking Strategies for more](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/#linking-strategies).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Reconcile lambda" optional>
    A lambda maps custom claims returned from the SAML Response to the FusionAuth User or Registration.

    To create or configure a lambda, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Lambdas</Breadcrumb>. See the [lambda documentation](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/) for more information on using lambdas.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Debug enabled" optional defaults="false">
    Some identity providers are not compliant with the SAML and XML signing specifications. This makes it challenging to get them working with FusionAuth.

    If you are running into integration issues, toggle this setting on and FusionAuth will output debugging information into the Event Log during a SAML login. You can find the event log in <Breadcrumb>System -> Event Log</Breadcrumb>.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Options

![Add SAML v2 Options section](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/identity-provider-samlv2-add-options.png)

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Unique Id claim" optional>
    The name of the claim that is returned in the SAML response that contains the unique Id of the user.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Use NameId for email" optional>
    If this is enabled, FusionAuth will assume that the `NameID` in the SAML response contains the email address of the user.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Email claim" optional>
    The name of the email claim returned in the SAML response.

    When <InlineField>Use NameId for email</InlineField> is enabled this field will not be displayed and will not be required.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Username claim" optional>
    The name of the username claim returned in the SAML response.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Use POST method" optional>
    When enabled the authentication request will use the HTTP POST binding with the identity provider instead of the default Redirect binding which uses the HTTP GET method.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Sign requests" optional>
    When enabled authentication requests sent to the Identity Provider will be signed.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Request signing key" optional>
    The key used to sign the SAML request. Required when <InlineField>Sign request</InlineField> is enabled. To create, manage, or import a key, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Key Master</Breadcrumb>.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Canonicalization method" optional>
    The XML signature canonicalization method used when digesting and signing the SAML request. Required when <InlineField>Use POST method</InlineField> and <InlineField>Sign request</InlineField> are enabled.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Enable login hint" optional since="1.43.0">
    When enabled FusionAuth will provide the username or email address when available to the IdP as a login hint when HTTP redirect bindings are used to initiate the AuthN request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Login hint parameter name" optional since="1.43.0">
    The name of the parameter used to pass the username or email as login hint to the IDP when HTTP redirect bindings are used to initiate the AuthN request. Required when <InlineField>Enable login hint</InlineField> is enabled.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Destination assertion policy" optional since="1.43.0">
    The policy to use when performing a destination assertion on the SAML login request.

    The possible values are:

    * `Enabled` - Verifies the Destination attribute in the SAML response is equal to the expected Destination which is the FusionAuth ACS (Assertion Consumer Service) URL. This is the default and the recommended setting.
    * `Disabled` - Do not validate the Destination attribute. This is not recommended, please use with caution.
    * `Allow alternates` - Verifies the Destination attribute is either the expected FusionAuth ACS, or one of the configured alternate values. This option is intended to assist with migrations from third-party IdPs and should be used with caution.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Alternate destinations" optional since="1.43.0">
    The array of URLs that FusionAuth will accept as SAML login destinations if the <InlineField>Destination Assertion Policy</InlineField> is `Allow alternates`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Require encrypted assertions" optional since="1.55.1">
    When enabled FusionAuth requires encrypted assertions in SAML responses from the identity provider. SAML responses from the identity provider containing unencrypted assertions will be rejected by FusionAuth.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Assertion decryption key" optional since="1.55.1">
    The key used to decrypt SAML responses. Required when <InlineField>Require encrypted assertions</InlineField> is enabled. To create, manage or import a key, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Key Master</Breadcrumb>.

    The selected Key must contain an RSA private key. The associated public key or certificate should be provided to the SAML Identity Provider to encrypt assertions.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Managed domains

![Add SAML v2 Managed Domains section](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/identity-provider-samlv2-add-managed-domains.png)

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Managed domains" optional>
    <ManagedDomainsDescription type="SAML v2"/>
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

## Integration Details

After configuring the Identity Provider, FusionAuth will display values likely required by your SAML v2 Identity Provider to trust FusionAuth as a relying party. Do so by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb>, click the action menu next to your SAML provider, then select the View button.

![View the identity provider list](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/identity-provider-samlv2-view-list.png)

When viewing the details, scroll to the <InlineUIElement>SAML v2 Integration details</InlineUIElement> section. There you will find the necessary values to configure an integration with a SAMLv2 IdP.

### SAML v2 Integration Details

![View the SAMLv2 identity provider details](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/identity-provider-samlv2-view-details.png)

#### Fields

<Samlv2IntegrationDetailsFields idp_init="false" />

## CORS Configuration

To complete the login request, the SAML v2 Identity Provider will make an HTTP `POST` request to the callback URL in FusionAuth. In order for this request to be allowed through the CORS filter you will need to navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> System -> CORS</Breadcrumb> and add the SAML IdP origin as an <InlineField>Allowed Origin</InlineField> the CORS configuration.

Once you complete your SAML v2 Identity Provider configuration, if your CORS configuration is not yet configured to allow the login request to complete you will be shown the following warning prompting you to complete the CORS configuration. See [CORS Filter reference](/docs/operate/secure/cors) for additional details on modifying the CORS configuration.

![SAMLv2 CORS Warning](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/identity-provider-samlv2-cors-warning.png)

## Redirects

After a user has logged into their SAML IdP and then sent back to FusionAuth, they can be redirected to another URL. To do so, follow these steps:

* Determine the URL you want the user to arrive at after logging in. Suppose that URL is `https://example.com/welcome`.
* Make sure that `https://example.com/welcome` is added to the <InlineField>Authorized Redirect URLs</InlineField> field in the Application configuration.
* URL encode the URL. `https://example.com/welcome` becomes `https%3A%2F%2Fexample.com%2Fwelcome`.
* Append the URL encoded value to the ACS you are putting in the IdP. It might look something like this: `https://local.fusionauth.io/samlv2/acs?RelayState=https%3A%2F%2Fexample.com%2Fwelcome`.

If you do not provide a `RelayState` parameter, the user will be redirected to the first Authorized redirect URI found in the FusionAuth Application OAuth configuration. 

See [SAML v2 Integration Details](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/overview-samlv2#saml-v2-integration-details) for additional details.

### Redirects And Lambdas

While you can configure a lambda to be executed when a user logs in to FusionAuth using SAML, they cannot affect the end destination of a user. Instead, they allow you to examine a read-only SAML response and add, modify, or remove attributes from the user or registration objects.

## Troubleshooting

<IdpManagedDomainsTroubleshooting idp_type_name="SAML" />

### Troubleshooting SAML Flows

To troubleshoot, turn on the <InlineField>Debug</InlineField> option and then navigate to <Breadcrumb>System -> Event Log</Breadcrumb>.

Proceed through the SAML flow and review the Event log entries to see if there are any configuration issues.

## Limitations

<SamlSpLimitations />

# Apple

import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import {Content as IdentityProviderOverviewDiagram} from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_identity-provider-overview-diagram.mdx';
import IdpApplicationConfiguration from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_idp-application-configuration.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import {Content as LoginApiIntegration} from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_login-api-integration.mdx';

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.17.0`
</Aside>

Adding a <InlineUIElement>Sign in with Apple</InlineUIElement> button to FusionAuth is straightforward and this guide will walk you through the steps necessary to collect the configuration details from your Apple Developer account to enable this social login.

Once you have completed this configuration, you will be able to enable the "Sign in with Apple" login button for one or more FusionAuth applications. Below is an example login page with the Apple Identity Provider enabled.

![Apple Login](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/login-apple.png)

<IdentityProviderOverviewDiagram identity_provider_name="Apple" />

## Create an Apple Developer Account

Ensure you have an Apple Developer account and then navigate to your Apple Developer account.

* https://developer.apple.com/

If you do not yet have an Apple Developer account, please do this now. Once you have logged in to Apple and obtained access to your Apple Developer account, continue to the next step.

## Configure your Apple Developer Account

If you already have an App ID, Services ID, and key configured for Sign in with Apple, you can use these existing values. If you have yet to configure your Apple developer account for Sign in with Apple, complete the following steps.

### Register a New App ID

![Apple Identifiers](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/identity-provider-apple-identifiers.png)

From your Apple Developer account, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Certificates, Identifiers & Profiles</Breadcrumb> and select <InlineUIElement>Identifiers</InlineUIElement> from the left column. Click on the plus icon to add a new identifier.

![Register a new Identifier](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/identity-provider-apple-add-app-ids.png)

Select **App IDs** and click <InlineUIElement>Continue</InlineUIElement>. On the next panel, select type as **App** and click <InlineUIElement>Continue</InlineUIElement>. On the next panel, fill in the Description field, specify the Bundle ID, and select **Sign in with Apple** from the list of capabilities. Click <InlineUIElement>Continue</InlineUIElement>. On the next panel confirm your selection, make a note of the App ID Prefix (Team ID), and click <InlineUIElement>Register</InlineUIElement>.
Select **App IDs** and click <InlineUIElement>Continue</InlineUIElement>. On the next panel, select type as **App** and click <InlineUIElement>Continue</InlineUIElement>. On the next panel, fill in the Description field, specify the Bundle ID and select **Sign in with Apple** from the list of capabilities. Click <InlineUIElement>Continue</InlineUIElement>. On the next panel confirm your selection, make a note of the App ID Prefix (Team ID), and click <InlineUIElement>Register</InlineUIElement>.

### Register a New Services ID

![Apple Identifiers](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/identity-provider-apple-identifiers.png)

From your Apple Developer account, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Certificates, Identifiers & Profiles</Breadcrumb> and select <InlineUIElement>Identifiers</InlineUIElement> from the left column. Click on the plus icon to add a new identifier.

![Register a new Identifier](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/identity-provider-apple-add-service-ids.png)

Select **Services IDs** and click <InlineUIElement>Continue</InlineUIElement>. On the next panel, fill in the Description and Identifier fields and click <InlineUIElement>Continue</InlineUIElement>. Complete this step by clicking "Register" on the following panel.

Edit your newly created Services ID, then enable and configure **Sign In with Apple**. Clicking the <InlineUIElement>Configure</InlineUIElement> button will open a Web Authentication Configuration panel. In this step, you will need to configure the application domain and Return URL of your FusionAuth service.

If you do not see the <InlineField>Domains and Subdomains</InlineField> and the <InlineField>Return URLs</InlineField> text input fields, click the plus icon next to Website URLs.

Next, enter your application domain and Return URL.

For example, if the FusionAuth URL is `https://login.piedpiper.com` then the origin would be `login.piedpiper.com`. The Return URL is the FusionAuth URL with a path of `/oauth2/callback`, so in this example, the return URL would be `https://login.piedpiper.com/oauth2/callback`. Note that Apple expects a secure (`https`) URL, so an `http` endpoint won't work, even in development or test environments.

Additional domains and return URLs may be added at a later time too. Once you have completed this configuration, save your changes and click <InlineUIElement>Continue</InlineUIElement>. Confirm your changes to the Services ID by clicking "Save".

### Register a New Key

![Apple Identifiers](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/identity-provider-apple-keys.png)

From your Apple Developer account, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Certificates, Identifiers & Profiles</Breadcrumb> and select <InlineUIElement>Keys</InlineUIElement> from the left column. Click on the plus icon to add a new key.

![Register a new Key](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/identity-provider-apple-new-key.png)

Enter a name for your key.

![Register a new Key](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/identity-provider-apple-new-key-signin.png)

Enable the <InlineField>Sign in with Apple</InlineField> checkbox, and then click the <InlineUIElement>Configure</InlineUIElement> button.

On the next panel select the previously created App ID and click <InlineUIElement>Save</InlineUIElement>. Click <InlineUIElement>Continue</InlineUIElement> and then confirm key registration by clicking "Register". When prompted to download the key, do so and make a note of the **Key ID**.

## Import the Private Key

Now that we have completed the Apple application configuration, we can import the private key we collected in the previous step. Unless otherwise directed by Apple, you can assume the provided private key is using the Elliptic curve. To import the private key, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Key Master</Breadcrumb> and select <Breadcrumb>Import Elliptic Private Key</Breadcrumb> from the actions in the top right.

<Aside type="note">
Make sure you use the Key ID from the previous step for the <InlineField>Key identifier</InlineField> field.
</Aside>

Enter the Key ID from the previous step into the <InlineField>Key identifier</InlineField> field. Using a text editor, open the key file you downloaded in the previous step and copy the value into the <InlineField>Private key</InlineField> field.

![Import Private Key](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/identity-provider-apple-import-key.png)

## Create an Apple Identity Provider in FusionAuth

The next step is creating an Apple Identity Provider in FusionAuth. Switch to your FusionAuth portal and navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb> and click <InlineUIElement>Add Apple</InlineUIElement> from the top right selection button.

This will take you to the <Breadcrumb>Add Apple</Breadcrumb> panel. Fill out the required fields using the values from your Apple Developer account. The button text is also required but it will be defaulted to "Sign in with Apple". You may optionally modify this default value.

<IdpApplicationConfiguration identity_provider="Apple" />

![Add Apple](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/identity-provider-apple-add.png)

### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Id" optional since="1.61.0">
    An optional UUID. When this value is omitted a unique Id will be generated automatically.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Tenant" optional since="1.62.0">
    The tenant to which this identity provider belongs. This field only displays when the user selects a specific tenant on the previous page. When `Global identity provider` is selected on the previous page, this field does not display.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Name" required since="1.61.0">
    A unique name to identify the identity provider. This name is for display purposes only and it can be modified later if desired.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Bundle Id" optional since="1.43.0">
    The Apple Bundle identifier found in your Apple Developer Account, which has been configured for Sign in with Apple.

    From your Apple Developer account, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Certificates, Identifiers & Profiles -> Identifiers -> App IDs</Breadcrumb>

    The configuration requires <InlineField>Bundle Id</InlineField> or <InlineField>Services Id</InlineField>. If <InlineField>Services Id</InlineField> is omitted, this field is required.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Services Id" optional>
    The Apple Services identifier found in your Apple Developer Account, which has been configured for Sign in with Apple.

    From your Apple Developer account, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Certificates, Identifiers & Profiles -> Identifiers -> Services IDs</Breadcrumb>

    <AvailableSince since="1.43.0" /> The configuration requires <InlineField>Bundle Id</InlineField> or <InlineField>Services Id</InlineField>. If <InlineField>Bundle Id</InlineField> is omitted, this field is required.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Team Id" required>
    The Apple App ID Prefix or Team ID found in your Apple Developer Account, which has been configured for Sign in with Apple.

    From your Apple Developer account, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Certificates, Identifiers & Profiles -> Identifiers -> App IDs</Breadcrumb>
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Button text" required>
    The text to be displayed in the button on the login form. This value is defaulted to "Sign in with Apple" but it can be changed to your preference.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Scope" optional>
    The optional scope value, which is a space-separated list of requested user attributes. You may request the User's name, email, or both. If the linking strategy is set to `Link on email`, an email scope will be needed.

    Example: `name email`
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Signing key" required>
    The private signing key provided by Apple, which will be used to sign the client secret when requesting an access token from Apple.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Linking strategy" required>
    See below for more detail. The linking strategy for the Apple provider. [See Linking Strategies for more](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/#linking-strategies).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Reconcile Lambda" optional>
    A lambda can be used to map custom claims returned from Apple.

    To configure a lambda, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Lambdas</Breadcrumb>.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Debug enabled" optional>
    Enable debug to create an event log to assist you in debugging integration errors.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

## Apple Private Mail Relay Configuration

When a user logs in with Apple, they will be provided an option to send their actual email address or an anonymous email address back to FusionAuth.

For example, if the user selects to use an anonymous email address, FusionAuth will receive an email address for that user that ends in `@privaterelay.appleid.com`. This email address may be used to communicate with the user, however it means that the email will be routed through Apple's Private Email Relay service. To ensure your email is delivered, you will need to register your email domain and perform any necessary configuration with your SMTP service provider.

* [Apple - Communicating Using the Private Email Relay Service](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/sign_in_with_apple/sign_in_with_apple_js/communicating_using_the_private_email_relay_service)

Some email service providers may provide documentation to assist you in making the necessary configuration changes. For example, the following article is provided by SendGrid to help you send email through Apple's Private Email Relay.

* [SendGrid - Configuring Sign in with Apple](https://sendgrid.com/docs/ui/account-and-settings/configuring-sign-in-with-apple/)

## CORS Configuration

To complete the login request, Apple will make an HTTP `POST` request to the callback URL in FusionAuth. For this request to be allowed through the CORS filter you will need to navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> System -> CORS</Breadcrumb> and add `https://appleid.apple.com` as an <InlineField>Allowed Origin</InlineField> in the CORS configuration.

Once you complete your Apple Identity Provider configuration, if your CORS configuration is not yet configured to allow the Apple login request to complete, you will be shown the following warning prompting you to complete the CORS configuration. See the [CORS Filter reference](/docs/operate/secure/cors) for additional details on modifying the CORS configuration.

![Apple CORS Warning](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/identity-provider-apple-cors-warning.png)

### Troubleshooting CORS

If you receive a `403` status code in the browser console during login when using Safari, additional configuration is required. The redirect flow is slightly different between the browsers.

To resolve this issue, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> System -> CORS</Breadcrumb> and add the `GET` method to the <InlineField>Allowed methods</InlineField>.

## Building Your Own Integration

<LoginApiIntegration apiRef="/docs/apis/identity-providers/apple#complete-the-apple-login" identity_provider_name="Apple" />

## Supporting Web and Mobile

<Aside type="version">
Starting with version 1.43.0, FusionAuth supports web and mobile Sign in with Apple using a single IdP configuration.
</Aside>

If you are using version 1.43.0 or later, follow the directions in [Using Bundle Id](#using-bundle-id). For versions prior to 1.43.0, follow the directions in [Using Services Id with Application Overrides](#using-services-id-with-application-overrides).

### Using Bundle Id

Supporting Sign in with Apple from both web and mobile applications in version 1.43.0 or later no longer requires multiple applications.

* <InlineField>Services Id</InlineField> is the Apple Services ID used for web applications
* <InlineField>Bundle Id</InlineField> is the Apple Bundle ID used for native applications

Configure one or both of the <InlineField>Services Id</InlineField> and <InlineField>Bundle Id</InlineField> fields as needed. If you are only supporting a native app, use <InlineField>Bundle Id</InlineField> and leave <InlineField>Services Id</InlineField> blank. If only a webapp, use <InlineField>Services Id</InlineField> and leave <InlineField>Bundle Id</InlineField> blank. If your application is both a native and a web application, configure both the <InlineField>Bundle Id</InlineField> and <InlineField>Services Id</InlineField> fields.

You can still override the configuration for either field on a per-application basis.

The login API request from a native application needs to include <InlineField>data.isNativeApp</InlineField> with a string value of `"true"`. This configuration will use the <InlineField>Bundle Id</InlineField> from the Apple IdP configuration rather than <InlineField>Services Id</InlineField>.

### Using Services Id with Application Overrides

If you are supporting Sign in with Apple from both web and mobile applications prior to version 1.43.0, two configurations are required, with slightly different values.

* For web applications, the <InlineField>Services Id</InlineField> is the Apple Services ID.
* For mobile applications, the <InlineField>Services Id</InlineField> is the Apple Bundle ID.

However, you can't have more than one Apple Identity Provider for a single application configuration.

To support both mobile and web users, create two applications in FusionAuth. Enable the Apple Identity Provider for each application. Finally, use the <InlineUIElement>Overrides</InlineUIElement> section to set the <InlineField>Services Id</InlineField> to the correct value.

![Apple Overrides](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/identity-provider-apple-override-settings.png)

You'll typically register a user for both applications whenever a user signs in with Apple, which you can do using a [User Registration Complete webhook](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/registration/user-registration-create-complete).

## Troubleshooting

### Key Import Error

If you see the following error in the UI:

```
A request to the Apple Token API has failed. Unable to complete this login request.
```

And this error is logged in the Event Log:

```
Status code [400] Error response is { "error" : "invalid_client" }
```

Ensure that you have imported the private key provided by Apple into FusionAuth using the <InlineField>Key ID</InlineField> specified in the Apple Developer Account dashboard.

If you import with the default behavior, FusionAuth will generate an identifier. The generated key identifier will not match the value expected by Apple and the integration will fail with the above error.

If you encounter this error, re-import the private key with the correct Id to ensure the key identifier is set correctly.

### Scope Error When Using The Link on Email Strategy

If you choose `Link on email` for a linking strategy and see this UI error:

```
"An email address was not provided for the user. This account cannot be used to login, unable to complete this login request."
```

Please confirm that you have requested the `email` scope. See configuration reference [here](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/apple#form-fields).

Note that if you specify the `email` scope, but a subsequent configuration error causes a full login / user creation to fail, you may still see the above error. This is because Apple only sends the user's email address on the first login, and only the user ID on subsequent authentication requests. To solve this, reset access to your app on your Apple device. You can do this by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Phone Settings -> Apple Id -> Password & Security -> Apple ID logins -> Your App -> Stop using Apple ID</Breadcrumb>. If you are using macOS, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Preferences -> Apple Id -> Password & Security -> Apple ID logins -> Your App -> Stop using Apple ID</Breadcrumb>. Then try to log in again and the email address should be sent.

# Facebook

import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import {Content as IdentityProviderOverviewDiagram} from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_identity-provider-overview-diagram.mdx';
import IdpApplicationConfiguration from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_idp-application-configuration.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import {Content as LoginApiIntegration} from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_login-api-integration.mdx';

Adding a Login with Facebook button to FusionAuth is straightforward, and this guide will walk you through the steps necessary to collect the credentials from Facebook in order to enable this Social login.

Once you have completed this configuration you will be able to enable the Facebook login button for one or more FusionAuth Applications. Below is an example login page with the Facebook Identity Provider enabled.

![Facebook Login](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/login-facebook.png)

<IdentityProviderOverviewDiagram identity_provider_name="Facebook" />

## Create a Facebook Account

If you do not yet have a [Facebook account, go ahead and do that first](https://www.facebook.com/). If you need help with this step, ask your kids.

## Add a Facebook Application

In order to enable the Login with Facebook option in FusionAuth we'll need to add a Facebook application. Follow the provided link or navigate to your Facebook developer account to continue.

https://developers.facebook.com/apps/

### Create a New App Id

Click on the <InlineUIElement>Create App</InlineUIElement> button to create a new Facebook application. The application `Display Name` will be shown to users when they log into FusionAuth using Facebook. Complete this form and click the <InlineUIElement>Create App</InlineUIElement> button.

![Add new Facebook Application](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/facebook-add-new-app-id.png)

### Configure Facebook Login

In order to enable Facebook login for this newly created Application, add the `Facebook Login` product to this application. The `Add a Product` is likely the first page you'll see after creating the Application, but if not find the `Products +` or `Add Product` section and find the `Facebook Login` tile and click <InlineUIElement>Set Up</InlineUIElement>.

You'll now have the `Facebook Login` product listed under the `Products` section of your application. Click on the <Breadcrumb>Settings</Breadcrumb> sub-menu of the `Facebook Login` section in the left navigation. Review this page to ensure it meets your security requirements, however the default Client OAuth Settings should be sufficient.

If you are using the redirect login method, you will want to add the absolute URL to the callback endpoint (for example, `https://login.piedpiper.com/oauth2/callback`) to the `Valid OAuth Redirect URIs` field.

If you are using the popup login method, provide an `App Domain`, `User Data Deletion` field, and `Privacy Policy URL`. When selecting a domain, add the top level domain of your application in the `App Domains` field (for example, in our app we added `piedpiper.com` because our application login will originate from `https://login.piedpiper.com`).

![Configure Facebook Login](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/facebook-login-settings.png)

### Collect App ID and App Secret

To complete the configuration you will need to collect the `App ID` and the `App Secret` to use in the FusionAuth configuration. To find these values, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Basic</Breadcrumb> in the left navigation.

You can either record these values now, or keep this page open so you can copy and paste these values during the next step in FusionAuth.

Note the mode of your application begins as `development`. To make this application public or `live` you will need to toggle the <InlineUIElement>App Mode</InlineUIElement> button. If toggled to `live` you will be prompted by Facebook to complete a few other settings. However, you may still use this application to login while in this non-public state.

![Facebook App Basic Settings](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/facebook-app-basic-settings.png)

## Create a Facebook Identity Provider

The last step will be to create a Facebook Identity Provider in FusionAuth. To create an Identity Provider navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb> and click <InlineUIElement>Add provider</InlineUIElement> and select `Facebook` from the dialog.

This will take you to the `Add Facebook` panel, and you'll fill out the `App Id` and `App Secret` required fields using the values from the Facebook console. The button text is also required but it will be defaulted to `Login with Facebook`, you may optionally modify this default value.

<IdpApplicationConfiguration identity_provider="Facebook" />

![Add Facebook](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/identity-provider-facebook-add.png)

### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Id" optional since="1.61.0">
    An optional UUID. When this value is omitted a unique Id will be generated automatically.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Tenant" optional since="1.62.0">
    The tenant to which this identity provider belongs. This field only displays when the user selects a specific tenant on the previous page. When `Global identity provider` is selected on the previous page, this field does not display.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Name" required since="1.61.0">
    A unique name to identify the identity provider. This name is for display purposes only and it can be modified later if desired.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="App Id" required>
    The Facebook App ID found in your Facebook application settings in the `App ID` field.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="App secret" required>
    The Facebook App Secret found in your Facebook application settings in the `App Secret` field.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Button text" required>
    The text to be displayed in the button on the login form. This value is defaulted to `Login with Facebook` but it may be modified to your preference.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Fields" optional defaults="email">
    This optional field defines the fields you're requesting from the user during login. See the [Facebook Graph API documentation](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/graph-api/using-graph-api/) for further information.

    If this field is omitted it will default to `email`. This field is the minimum required to complete login. This field will not be modified on an update if the field is left blank during an edit.

    You may want to request additional fields such as name and birthday. Here is an example to request multiple fields: `email,name,first_name,last_name,birthday`
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Login Method" optional>
    User interaction behavior after clicking on the IdP button (`Login with Facebook`, for instance).

     * `Use redirect for login` - if selected, the user is redirected to a Facebook login page. Once authenticated, the user is redirected back to FusionAuth.
    If selected, the redirect URL *must* be set to an absolute URL in the Facebook console for your application. If your hostname is login.piedpiper.com, the redirect URL would be `https://login.piedpiper.com/oauth2/callback/`.
     * `Use popup for login` - if selected, a popup is displayed to the user to login with Facebook. Once authenticated, the window is closed.
    If using `Use Popup for login`, you will need to fill in `App Domain`, `User Data Deletion`, and `Privacy Policy URL` fields in your Facebook App settings.  Additionally, you need to enable `Login with the JavaScript SDK`.

    Please note if an `idp_hint` is appended to the OAuth Authorize endpoint, then the login method interaction will be `redirect`, even if popup interaction is explicitly configured.

  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Permissions" optional defaults="email">
    This optional field defines the permissions you're requesting from the user during login. See the [Facebook Login API documentation](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/facebook-login/) for further information.

    If this field is omitted it will be default to `email`. This field is the minimum required to complete login. This field is not modified on update if the field is left blank during an edit.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Linking strategy" optional>
    The linking strategy for Facebook. [See Linking Strategies for more](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/#linking-strategies).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Reconcile lambda" optional since="1.17.0">
    A lambda may be utilized to map custom claims returned from Facebook.

    To configure a lambda, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Lambdas</Breadcrumb>.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Debug enabled" optional defaults="false">
    Enable debug to create an event log to assist you in debugging integration errors.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

## Building Your Own Integration

<LoginApiIntegration apiRef="/docs/apis/identity-providers/facebook#complete-a-facebook-login" identity_provider_name="Facebook" />

# Github

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import GitHubTroubleshooting from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/_github-troubleshooting.mdx';
import {Content as IdentityProviderOverviewDiagram} from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_identity-provider-overview-diagram.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import OpenidConnectExampleLambda from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_openid-connect-example-lambda.mdx';

<Aside type="note">
<GitHubTroubleshooting />
</Aside>

Once you have completed this configuration you may enable an OpenID Connect <InlineUIElement>Login with GitHub</InlineUIElement> button for one or more FusionAuth Applications. See [GitHub - Creating an OAuth App](https://developer.github.com/apps/building-oauth-apps/creating-an-oauth-app/) for an additional reference.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/github-openid-connect-login.png" alt="Login with GitHub" />

<IdentityProviderOverviewDiagram identity_provider_name="GitHub" />

### Register a GitHub OAuth2 Application

You will first need to log in to [GitHub](https://github.com/).

Once logged in, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Developer settings -> OAuth Apps -> Register a new application</Breadcrumb> to create a new GitHub OAuth Application.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/github-openid-connect-register-application.png" alt="Register a new GitHub OAuth Application"  width="1200" />

Here we have configured our application `Authorization callback URL`. If FusionAuth is running at `login.piedpiper.com`, this value should be `https://login.piedpiper.com/oauth2/callback`.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/github-openid-connect-client-id-secret.png" alt="GitHub Client ID and Secret" width="1200" />

Once the application has been created, note the `Client ID` and the `Client Secret`. These will be used respectively as the <InlineField>Client Id</InlineField> value and the <InlineField>Client secret</InlineField> value in your FusionAuth OpenID Connect Identity Providers configuration. Please note that you may have to click on "Generate a new client secret".

### Configure a New FusionAuth OpenID Connect Identity Provider

To create a GitHub Identity Provider return to FusionAuth and navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb> and click <InlineUIElement>Add provider</InlineUIElement> and select `OpenID Connect` from the dialog.

This will take you to the `Add OpenID Connect` panel, and you'll fill out the required fields.

You will need to set <InlineField>Client authentication method</InlineField> to `HTTP Basic authentication (client_secret_basic)`.

<InlineField>Client Id</InlineField> and <InlineField>Client secret</InlineField> values reference the previously noted GitHub OAuth Application's `Client ID` and `Client Secret`. The <InlineField>Redirect URL</InlineField> is read only and generated for you based upon the URL of FusionAuth, this value should match the one you configured in your GitHub application.

GitHub has not implemented a well-known configuration endpoint, so you will need to disable the <InlineField>Discover endpoints</InlineField> field and specify the endpoints manually. The values for these fields are:

* `Authorization endpoint` - `https://github.com/login/oauth/authorize`
* `Token endpoint` - `https://github.com/login/oauth/access_token`
* `Userinfo endpoint` - `https://api.github.com/user`

You will need to specify `user:email` as a <InlineField>Scope</InlineField> for your application.

In the following screenshot you will see that we have enabled this login provider for the `Pied Piper` application and enabled <InlineField>Create registration</InlineField>.

GitHub does not implement OpenID Connect to spec. In order to pull in some additional data for populating the user profile (GitHub shortname, Image URL, etc.) you can enable a <InlineField>Reconcile lambda</InlineField>. This example lambda below is based on a GitHub use case. This is optional.

#### Example lambda

<OpenidConnectExampleLambda />

#### Options

The final item to configure is under the <Breadcrumb>Options</Breadcrumb> tab. For GitHub, you will want to configure:

- <InlineField>Unique Id claim</InlineField> of `id`
- <InlineField>Email claim</InlineField> of `email`
- <InlineField>Username claim</InlineField> of `login`

That's it, now the <InlineUIElement>Login with GitHub</InlineUIElement> button will show up on the login page of our `Pied Piper` application.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/github-openid-connect-configuration.png" alt="FusionAuth GitHub IdP Configuration" role="shadowed bottom-cropped top-cropped" />

## Troubleshooting

<GitHubTroubleshooting />

# Google

import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import {Content as IdentityProviderOverviewDiagram} from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_identity-provider-overview-diagram.mdx';
import IdpApplicationConfiguration from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_idp-application-configuration.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import {Content as LoginApiIntegration} from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_login-api-integration.mdx';

Adding a Login with Google button to FusionAuth is straightforward, and this guide will walk you through the steps necessary to collect the credentials from Google in order to enable this Social login.

Once you have completed this configuration you will be able to enable the Google login button for one or more FusionAuth Applications. Below is an example login page with the Google Identity Provider enabled.

![Google Login](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/login-google.png)

<IdentityProviderOverviewDiagram identity_provider_name="Google" />

## Create a Google Cloud Account

Ensure you have a Google login, and then navigate to the [Google Cloud console](https://console.cloud.google.com).

## Create Google OAuth client credentials

In the Google Cloud console, find the APIs & Services Credentials by navigating to <Breadcrumb>APIs and Services -> Credentials</Breadcrumb>.

If you are prompted to select or create a project, do that now. In the following example I will need to create my first project before I can create credentials. I will call the project `Pied Piper`.

![Create Google Cloud Project](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/google-cloud-create-project.png)

Now that you have selected or created your first project, navigate to <Breadcrumb>APIs & Services -> Credentials</Breadcrumb> and then click on <InlineUIElement>Create credentials</InlineUIElement> and select <InlineField>OAuth client ID</InlineField>.

![Create Credentials](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/google-cloud-create-credentials.png)

If you see an alert indicating you first need to configure the content screen, do that now by clicking on <InlineUIElement>Configure consent screen</InlineUIElement>.

![Configure Consent](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/google-cloud-configure-consent.png)

You will be prompted to define a consent type, typically <InlineField>External</InlineField>. Click <InlineUIElement>Create</InlineUIElement>.

![Configure Consent](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/google-cloud-configure-consent-internal-external.png)

On this panel, you will need to fill out the required fields and then click <InlineUIElement>Save</InlineUIElement>.

In this example I have set the following fields.

* <InlineField>Application name</InlineField>
* <InlineField>User support email</InlineField> (not shown)
* <InlineField>App logo</InlineField> (not shown)
* <InlineField>Authorized domains</InlineField>
* <InlineField>Application Homepage link</InlineField>
* <InlineField>Application Privacy Policy link</InlineField>
* <InlineField>Application Terms of Service link</InlineField>
* <InlineField>Authorized domains</InlineField>
* <InlineField>Developer contact information</InlineField> (not shown)

![Configure Consent Screen](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/google-cloud-configure-consent-screen.png)

Once this is complete, you can add or update scopes by clicking on the <InlineUIElement>Add or remove scopes</InlineUIElement> button. It is typical to select `https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.email` and `https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.profile.profile` as well as `openid`, but feel free to enable any you would like.

[View the full list of Google scopes](https://developers.google.com/identity/protocols/oauth2/scopes). Some of these may require additional configuration in the Google console, as [outlined here](#additional-steps-for-your-google-application).

These same scopes should be referenced in the IdP configuration in FusionAuth, which is configured later in this process.

![Configure Google Scopes](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/google-cloud-configure-scopes.png)

Then, click <InlineUIElement>Save and continue</InlineUIElement> after optionally adding any test users.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>APIs & Services -> Credentials</Breadcrumb> and then click on <InlineUIElement>Create credentials</InlineUIElement> and select <InlineField>OAuth client ID</InlineField>.

Select <InlineUIElement>Web application</InlineUIElement> from the <InlineField>Application Type</InlineField> field.

Add the name of the application to the <InlineField>Name Type</InlineField> field.

How you configure this panel depends on the type of login method interaction used. In this example I have specified `https://login.piedpiper.com` because this is the URL of FusionAuth for Pied Piper.

If using a redirect method, add an Authorized redirect URI. This should be an absolute URL. For example, if FusionAuth is installed at login.piedpiper.com, the value would be `https://login.piedpiper.com/oauth2/callback`.

If using a popup, select `Web application`, specify the name of the credential and fill out the `Authorized JavaScript origins` field. This value should be the origin of your application login page.

In the image below, we are showcasing details needed for both the popup login method (added an origin) and the redirect URL.  In the real world you will fill in either option, but not both (depending on your business needs).

![Create OAuth Client credentials](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/google-cloud-create-client-id.png)

Click the <InlineUIElement>Create</InlineUIElement> button.

Now you have completed creating a Google OAuth client credential. If you select the newly created credential, you will be provided with the `Client ID` and `Client secret` necessary for the next step.

![OAuth Client credentials](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/google-cloud-client-credentials.png)

## Create a Google Identity Provider

The last step will be to create a Google Identity Provider in FusionAuth. To create an Identity Provider navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb> and click the menu in the upper right corner and select <InlineUIElement>Add Google</InlineUIElement>.

This will take you to the `Add Google` panel, and you'll fill out the `Client Id` and `Client secret` required fields using the values found in the Google Cloud console. Provide the scopes needed for your application which you configured in the Google Console above. The button text is also required but it will be defaulted to `Login with Google`, you may optionally modify this default value.

<IdpApplicationConfiguration identity_provider="Google" />

![Add Google](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/identity-provider-google-add.png)

### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Id" optional since="1.61.0">
    An optional UUID. When this value is omitted a unique Id will be generated automatically.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Tenant" optional since="1.62.0">
    The tenant to which this identity provider belongs. This field only displays when the user selects a specific tenant on the previous page. When `Global identity provider` is selected on the previous page, this field does not display.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Name" required since="1.61.0">
    A unique name to identify the identity provider. This name is for display purposes only and it can be modified later if desired.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Client Id" required>
    The Google Client Id found in your Google credentials settings in the `Client ID` field.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Client secret" required>
    The Google Client Secret found in your Google credentials settings in the `Client secret` field.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Login Method" optional>
    User interaction behavior after clicking on the IdP button (`Login with Google`, for instance).

     * `Use redirect for login` - if selected, the user is redirected to a Google login page. Once authenticated, the user is redirected back to FusionAuth.
    If selected, the redirect URL *must* be set to an absolute URL in the Google console for your application. If your hostname is login.piedpiper.com, the redirect URL would be `https://login.piedpiper.com/oauth2/callback`.
     * `Use popup for login` - if selected, a popup is displayed to the user to login with google. Once authenticated, the window is closed.
    If selected, the `Authorized JavaScript origins` URL *must* be allowed for your host name in the Google console for your application. For example, `https://login.piedpiper.com`.
     * `Use vendor JavaScript` - if selected, the login method will be determined by the vendor JavaScript library.

    Please note if an `idp_hint` is appended to the OAuth Authorize endpoint, then the interaction behavior will be `redirect`, even if popup interaction is explicitly configured.

    <span class="text-green-500">Since 1.44.0</span>

    **If you are using a version of FusionAuth older than 1.44.0**, `Use popup for login` won't work. `UseRedirect` will continue to work after this date. Please see [the notes for release 1.44.0](/docs/release-notes/#version-1-44-0) for more information. This [forum post](/community/forum/topic/2329/upcoming-google-identity-provider-changes) has more details on an available workaround and upgrade process.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Button text" required>
    The text to be displayed in the button on the login form. This value is defaulted to `Login with Google` but it may be modified to your preference.

    <span class="text-green-500">Since 1.44.0</span>

    The <InlineField>Button text</InlineField> value may only be used when the <InlineField>Login method</InlineField> is set to `Use redirect for login`. The button text is managed by Google for all other configurations. Google allows for minor adjustments using their API. You may specify any valid API parameter in the <InlineField>Button properties</InlineField> configuration.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Scope" optional>
    This optional field defines the scope you're requesting from the user during login. See the Google login documentation for further information. Three common scopes to include are `email`, `profile`, and `openid`.

    <span class="text-green-500">Since 1.44.0</span>

    The <InlineField>Scope</InlineField> value may only be used when the <InlineField>Login method</InlineField> is set to `Use redirect for login`. The `email`, `profile`, and `openid` scopes will always be requested for all other configurations.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Linking strategy" optional>
    The linking strategy for the Google FusionAuth Identity Provider. [See Linking Strategies for more](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/#linking-strategies).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Reconcile lambda" optional since="1.17.0">
    A lambda may be utilized to map custom claims returned from Google.

    To configure a lambda, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Lambdas</Breadcrumb>.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Debug enabled" optional defaults="false">
    Enable debug to create an event log to assist you in debugging integration errors.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Options

The Options tab can be used to configure the Google identity provider by providing properties for the [Google Identity Services API](https://developers.google.com/identity/gsi/web/reference/html-reference).

<Aside type="note">
The <InlineField>API properties</InlineField> and <InlineField>Button properties</InlineField> will only be applied when using the [Google Identity Services API](https://developers.google.com/identity/gsi/web/reference/html-reference). When using a <InlineField>Login Method</InlineField> of “Use redirect for login” the GIS API will not be used and the properties will not be used. The various properties of the button can be set using [Themes](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/) in this case.
</Aside>

![Add Google Options](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/identity-provider-google-add-options.png)

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="API properties" optional since="1.44.0">
    Google Identity Services login API configuration in a properties file formatted String. Any attribute from [Google's documentation](https://developers.google.com/identity/gsi/web/reference/html-reference#element_with_id_g_id_onload) can be added. Properties can be referenced in templates that support Google login to initialize the API via HTML or JavaScript. The properties specified in this field should not include the `data-` prefix on the property name.

    If omitted, this value will default to the following properties:

    *Default API Configuration Properties*

    ```ini
    auto_prompt=true
    auto_select=false
    cancel_on_tap_outside=false
    context=signin
    itp_support=true
    ```
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Button properties" optional since="1.44.0" defaults="'See Description'">
    Google Identity Services button configuration in a properties file formatted String. Any attribute from [Google's documentation](https://developers.google.com/identity/gsi/web/reference/html-reference#element_with_class_g_id_signin) can be added. Properties can be referenced in templates that support Google login to render the login button via HTML or JavaScript. The properties specified in this field should not include the `data-` prefix on the property name.

    If omitted, this value will default to the following properties:

    *Default Button Properties*

    ```ini
    logo_alignment=left
    shape=rectangular
    size=large
    text=signin_with
    theme=outline
    type=standard
    ```
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Google One Tap

Google One Tap provides registration and authentication with a single user action on supporting applications.

![Add Google Options](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/login-google-one-tap.png)

Google One Tap can be enabled in FusionAuth `1.44.0` and later by:

* setting the <InlineField>Login Method</InlineField> to `Use popup for login`
* including `auto_prompt=true` in the <InlineField>API properties</InlineField> configuration

## Additional Steps For Your Google Application

If you are in development or building a personal application, the above steps are enough. Otherwise you'll need to [publish your OAuth application with Google](https://support.google.com/cloud/answer/10311615#publishing-status).

If you are deploying to production and request sensitive scopes, you'll need to [verify your application with Google](https://support.google.com/cloud/answer/13463073?hl=en).

Please consult the above Google provided documentation for these additional steps.

## Building Your Own Integration

<LoginApiIntegration apiRef="/docs/apis/identity-providers/google#complete-the-propsmanual_idp_display_name-login" identity_provider_name="Google" />

## Custom Parameters

Google sometimes requires custom URL parameters when starting a login to access certain functionality. Examples include:

* `access_type=offline` if you want a refresh token from Google.
* `prompt=select_account` if you want to force an account selection screen.

There are more [options covered here](https://developers.google.com/identity/protocols/oauth2/openid-connect#advancedtopics).

<Aside type="note">
Google is great at conforming to OIDC, so using the OIDC provider instead of Google has no affect on functionality. It just requires a tad more configuration.
</Aside>

When you need such custom parameters, the Google Identity Provider won't work. Instead, do the following:

* Create an [OpenID Connect Identity Provider](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/overview-oidc).
* Set <InlineField>Discover endpoints</InlineField> to be `false`.
* Enter the endpoints manually from the [Discovery document](https://developers.google.com/identity/protocols/oauth2/openid-connect#discovery).
* Add the desired space-separated [Google OAuth2 scopes](https://developers.google.com/identity/protocols/oauth2/scopes) to <InlineField>Scope</InlineField>. The most commonly requested scopes are `openid`, `profile` and `email`. You must include `email` if you're using the [linking on email](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/#linking-strategies) strategy.
* Append whatever additional parameters are needed to the <InlineField>Authorization endpoint</InlineField> value. For example, you might end up with something like `https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/v2/auth?access_type=offline&prompt=select_account` .

## Limitations

Google's GSI client supports a single configuration per page, which limits FusionAuth's capability to support multiple configurations on the same login page.

Google identity providers configured with a <InlineField>Login Method</InlineField> of `Use popup for login` or `Use vendor JavaScript` use the GSI client. This provides a more modern and dynamic UX and support for Google One Tap.

If more than one Google IdP using the GSI client would be available on the same login page, the themed page will select one configuration to initialize the button. Other IdPs configured to use the GSI client will not have a button rendered.

You can work around this limitation by either
1. Making sure to enable just one Google IdP using the GSI client per application
2. Providing alternate Google IdP configurations with the `Use redirect for login` <InlineField>Login Method</InlineField>

# LinkedIn

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import IdpApplicationConfiguration from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_idp-application-configuration.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import {Content as LoginApiIntegration} from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_login-api-integration.mdx';
import {Content as IdentityProviderOverviewDiagram} from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_identity-provider-overview-diagram.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.23.0`
</Aside>

Adding a Sign in with LinkedIn button to FusionAuth is simple, and this guide will walk you through the steps necessary to collect the credentials from LinkedIn in order to enable this Social login.

Once you have completed this configuration you will be able to enable the LinkedIn login button for one or more FusionAuth Applications. Below is an example login page with the LinkedIn Identity Provider enabled.

![LinkedIn Login](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/login-linkedin.png)

<IdentityProviderOverviewDiagram identity_provider_name="LinkedIn" />

## Create A LinkedIn Account

Ensure you have a LinkedIn login, and then navigate to the [Linked In developer portal](https://www.linkedin.com/developers/).

## Optionally Create a LinkedIn App

If you have an existing LinkedIn app which you are going to use, skip this step.

If you don't have an existing LinkedIn app, navigate to the [new application form](https://www.linkedin.com/developer/apps/new) and fill it out. In the following example I will create my first application before I can create credentials. I will call the application `Pied Piper`.

![Create LinkedIn App](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/linkedin-create-app.png)

## Grant Your App Required Permissions

In the LinkedIn developer portal, ensure you are viewing the correct LinkedIn application by navigating to <Breadcrumb>My apps -> Your Application</Breadcrumb>.

If you don't see the <Breadcrumb>Products</Breadcrumb> tab for your application, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Products</Breadcrumb> in the top level menu. This may occur if this is your first LinkedIn application.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>My apps -> Your Application -> Products</Breadcrumb>. Select `Sign In With LinkedIn` and accept the terms.

<Aside type="note">
  Your application may not be immediately available. It may be reviewed for a time by the LinkedIn platform team.
</Aside>

![Adding the Sign In With LinkedIn product](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/linkedin-adding-product.png)

## Set Up Your LinkedIn App Client Credentials

In the LinkedIn developer portal, ensure you are viewing the correct LinkedIn app by navigating to <Breadcrumb>My apps -> Your Application</Breadcrumb>.

View the application credentials by going to <Breadcrumb>Auth -> Application credentials</Breadcrumb>. Record both the `Client ID` and the `Client Secret` values.

![Retrieve LinkedIn Credentials](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/linkedin-app-credentials.png)

Add your redirect URL. This value will be your FusionAuth installation hostname with the string `/oauth2/callback` appended. For example, if you are going to access FusionAuth at `https://login.piedpiper.com` then you will add `https://login.piedpiper.com/oauth2/callback` to the `Authorized redirect URLs for your app` list.

Save the setting.

You should see the following scopes in the <InlineUIElement>OAuth 2.0 Scopes</InlineUIElement> section:

* `openid`
* `profile`
* `email`

If these scopes are not visible in the UI you may need to add them to the configuration in FusionAuth and attempt a login using the integration. The initial login should trigger LinkedIn to update the configuration visible in their UI. See [Create a LinkedIn Identity Provider](#create-a-linkedin-identity-provider).

Now you have completed creating a LinkedIn App with the appropriate permissions.

### LinkedIn Identity Provider Scopes

<Aside type="caution">
  LinkedIn has changed their API programs over time.
</Aside>

Depending on when you created your application in LinkedIn you may have a different set of scopes available to you. LinkedIn has an older Compliance program with different scopes that no longer registers new apps, and a newer program based on OpenID Connect.

The legacy scopes you may need to use instead are `r_emailaddress` for email address info and `r_liteprofile` or `r_basicprofile` for the rest of the user info. These scopes were used to call LinkedIn's [Profile API](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/linkedin/shared/integrations/people/profile-api)

Prior to 1.49.0 FusionAuth only supported using the legacy scopes. The new scopes `openid`, `profile`, and `email` are used with the [UserInfo API](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/linkedin/consumer/integrations/self-serve/sign-in-with-linkedin-v2#api-request-to-retreive-member-details).

If you are using these scopes you will need to upgrade to FusionAuth 1.49.0 or later.

If you do not see these scopes, you may not have added the LinkedIn product to your LinkedIn app correctly. You may also need to reload the app page or log out of LinkedIn and log in again to make sure your application has the proper permissions.

## Create a LinkedIn Identity Provider

The last step will be to create a LinkedIn Identity Provider in FusionAuth. Log in to the FusionAuth administrative user interface. Create an Identity Provider by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb> and click on the menu on the upper right and select `Add LinkedIn`.

This will take you to the `Add LinkedIn` screen, and you'll fill out the `Client Id` and `Client secret` required fields with the values previously recorded. The button text is also required, but it will be defaulted to `Sign in with LinkedIn`. You may optionally modify this value.

<IdpApplicationConfiguration identity_provider="LinkedIn" />

![Add the LinkedIn Identity Provider](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/identity-provider-linkedin-add.png)

### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Id" optional since="1.61.0">
    An optional UUID. When this value is omitted a unique Id will be generated automatically.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Tenant" optional since="1.62.0">
    The tenant to which this identity provider belongs. This field only displays when the user selects a specific tenant on the previous page. When `Global identity provider` is selected on the previous page, this field does not display.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Name" required since="1.61.0">
    A unique name to identify the identity provider. This name is for display purposes only and it can be modified later if desired.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Client Id" required>
    The LinkedIn Client Id found in your LinkedIn credentials settings in the `Client ID` field.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Client secret" required>
    The LinkedIn Client Secret found in your LinkedIn credentials settings in the `Client secret` field.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Button text" required>
    The text to be displayed in the button on the login form. This value defaults to `Sign in with LinkedIn` but it may be modified to your preference.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Scope" optional>
    This optional field defines the scope you're requesting from the user during login The default scopes are the suggested values. See the [LinkedIn documentation](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/linkedin/) for further information.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Linking strategy" optional defaults="Link on email. Create the user if they do not exist.">
    The linking strategy for LinkedIn. [See Linking Strategies for more](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/#linking-strategies).

    When the <InlineField>Linking strategy</InlineField> is equal to `Link on email. Create the user if they do not exist.` or `Link on email. Do not create the user if they do not exist.` and the `email_verified` claim is present on the response from LinkedIn and the value is `false` a link will not be established and an error will be returned indicating a link cannot be established using an unverified email address.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Reconcile lambda" optional>
    A lambda may be utilized to map custom claims returned from LinkedIn. See the [LinkedIn Reconcile lambda documentation](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/reconcile/linkedin-reconcile) for more details.

    To configure a lambda, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Lambdas</Breadcrumb>.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Debug enabled" optional defaults="false">
    Enable debug to create an event log to assist you in debugging integration errors.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

## Building Your Own Integration

<LoginApiIntegration apiRef="/docs/apis/identity-providers/linkedin#complete-the-linkedin-login" identity_provider_name="LinkedIn" />

# Twitter/X

import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import {Content as IdentityProviderOverviewDiagram} from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_identity-provider-overview-diagram.mdx';
import IdpApplicationConfiguration from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_idp-application-configuration.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import {Content as LoginApiIntegration} from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_login-api-integration.mdx';

Adding a Login with Twitter/X button to FusionAuth is simple, and this guide will walk you through the steps necessary to collect the credentials from Twitter in order to enable this Social login.

Once you have completed this configuration you will be able to enable the Twitter login button for one or more FusionAuth Applications. Below is an example login page with the Twitter Identity Provider enabled.

![Twitter/X Login](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/login-twitter.png)

<IdentityProviderOverviewDiagram identity_provider_name="Twitter" />

## Create a Twitter Account

Ensure you have a Twitter account, and then navigate to the [Twitter Developer Portal](https://developer.twitter.com).

If you do not yet have a developer account, you will need to apply for access to the Twitter API.

https://developer.twitter.com/en/apply-for-access.html

Once you have logged into Twitter and have obtained access to a Twitter developer account, continue to the next step.

## Create a Twitter App

Twitter allows you to create an application as part of the developer account setup. If you do not yet have a Twitter app you will need to create one in this step. Application creation is restricted according to the level of access you have in your Twitter project. You will need to apply for elevated access to be able to create more than one app in your Twitter project as well as to get access to settings that are otherwise restricted in `Essential` access mode. You can learn more about access levels and permissions [here](https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/projects/).  If you already have a Twitter app that you plan to use for FusionAuth please review this section anyway to ensure your configuration is correct to support the Twitter login.

You can view a list of your Twitter apps on the [Twitter Developer Portal dashboard](https://developer.twitter.com/en/portal/projects-and-apps).

![Twitter Create App](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/twitter-home-create.png)

In the following sections we go through the configurations that you will need to set in your app to allow Twitter to connect with FusionAuth.

### Record the Keys and Token

The API key and API secret key are typically presented at the onset of app creation. Record these values. They will be needed for later integration with the FusionAuth Identity Provider.

### Authentication Settings

You will need to modify a few settings to enable Twitter to connect with FusionAuth.

Under *User authentication settings* modify the app settings as below:

![Authentication Settings](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/twitter-auth-settings.png)

#### Add a Callback URI

_See label for step 1_

Under the <InlineUIElement>App Info</InlineUIElement> section register a <InlineField>Callback URI / Redirect URL</InlineField> and specify your website URL.

In this example we are registering `https://login.piedpiper.com/oauth2/callback` as the callback URI. The redirect URL *must* be set to an absolute URL in the Twitter console for your application. If the hostname for your FusionAuth app is `login.piedpiper.com`, the redirect URL would be `https://login.piedpiper.com/oauth2/callback`.


#### Enable Request Email

_See label for step 2_

To link your users by email, you will want to ensure you have checked <InlineField>Request email from users</InlineField>. Please note, for some Twitter users, it is possible to create an account without an email address. If this is the case for your Twitter users, you will want to configure the IdP below to link on a username, or use a reconcile lambda to map custom claims returned from Twitter. See [Linking Strategies](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/#linking-strategies) which discusses workaround options.


### Keys and Tokens

Under the <InlineUIElement>Keys and tokens</InlineUIElement> section you will find the Consumer API Keys and Secret. These two values are the same values that were presented to you during app creation and will be used to configure the FusionAuth Identity Provider.

![Twitter Keys and tokens](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/twitter-keys-tokens.png)


## Create a Twitter Identity Provider

The last step will be to create a Twitter Identity Provider in FusionAuth. To create an Identity Provider navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb> and click <InlineUIElement>Add Twitter</InlineUIElement> from the dropdown.

![Add provider](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/twitter-add-provider.png)

This will take you to the <Breadcrumb>Add Twitter</Breadcrumb> page, and you'll fill out the <InlineField>Consumer key</InlineField> and <InlineField>Consumer secret</InlineField> required fields using the values found in the Twitter App <Breadcrumb>Keys and tokens</Breadcrumb> tab from the previous step.

The button text is also required but it will be defaulted to `Login with Twitter`, you may optionally modify this default value.

<IdpApplicationConfiguration identity_provider="Twitter" />

![Add Twitter](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/identity-provider-twitter-add.png)

### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Id" optional since="1.61.0">
    An optional UUID. When this value is omitted a unique Id will be generated automatically.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Tenant" optional since="1.62.0">
    The tenant to which this identity provider belongs. This field only displays when the user selects a specific tenant on the previous page. When `Global identity provider` is selected on the previous page, this field does not display.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Name" required since="1.61.0">
    A unique name to identify the identity provider. This name is for display purposes only and it can be modified later if desired.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Consumer key" required>
    The Twitter API key found in your Twitter App Keys and tokens settings in the `API key` field.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Consumer secret" required>
    The Twitter API secret key found in your Twitter App Keys and tokens settings in the `API secret key` field.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Callback URL" since="1.6.0">
    This is the callback URL you will provide in your Twitter configuration.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Button text" required>
    The text to be displayed in the button on the login form. This value is defaulted to `Login with Twitter` but it may be modified to your preference.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Linking strategy" optional>
    The linking strategy for Twitter. [See Linking Strategies for more](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/#linking-strategies).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Reconcile lambda" optional since="1.17.0">
    A lambda may be utilized to map custom claims returned from Twitter.

    To configure a lambda, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Lambdas</Breadcrumb>.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Debug enabled" optional defaults="false">
    Enable debug to create an event log to assist you in debugging integration errors.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

## Proxy details

If you are running FusionAuth behind a proxy of some sort, please review the following information.

FusionAuth will detect the public URL of your instance at runtime to send to Twitter as the callback URL. If you are behind a proxy, ensure that the `X-Forwarded-Host` and the `X-Forwarded-Proto` headers are added by your proxy if the host or protocol do not match what is behind the proxy. For example, if your public URL is using `https` and your proxy is performing SSL acceleration the URL behind the proxy may be `http`. In this scenario, most proxies will have added the `X-Forwarded-Proto` header to the request which will allow FusionAuth to send the correct URL to Twitter.

## Building Your Own Integration

<LoginApiIntegration apiRef="/docs/apis/identity-providers/twitter#complete-the-twitter-login" identity_provider_name="Twitter" />

# OIDC & CockroachDB

import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Icon from 'src/components/icon/Icon.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

[CockroachDB](https://www.cockroachlabs.com/) is a distributed SQL database designed for speed and scale. It offers a self-hosted deployment model, where you run the clusters in your own environment, and two SaaS options: dedicated and serverless. We'll use the dedicated version to set up Single Sign-On, allowing users to log in to your CockroachDB Console interface using their FusionAuth credentials.

## Prerequisites

This document assumes you have a running instance of FusionAuth and a working CockroachDB application. You will also need admin accounts for both to configure them correctly.

## Configure FusionAuth

First, you have to change the issuer of your tenant. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Your Tenant</Breadcrumb> and set the <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> to the full URL of your FusionAuth instance including the protocol (e.g. `https://your.fusionauth.app.domain`) and with no trailing slashes. Click the blue floppy disk icon to save your changes.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/oidc/edit-tenant.png" alt="Edit tenant to change the issuer." width="1200" />

Now, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> and create a new application. Fill out the <InlineField>Name</InlineField> field (e.g. `CockroachDB`), then click the <Breadcrumb>OAuth</Breadcrumb> tab. Make sure that the <InlineField>Enabled grants</InlineField> checkboxes have the `Authorization Code` and `Refresh Token` grants enabled. Now, click the <Breadcrumb>JWT</Breadcrumb> tab, toggle the <InlineField>Enabled</InlineField> field and set both <InlineField>Access Token signing key</InlineField> and <InlineField>Id Token signing key</InlineField> to `Auto generate a new key on save...`, like shown in the image below.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/oidc/application.png" alt="Configuring your application." width="1200" />

Click the <InlineUIElement>Save</InlineUIElement> button.

After being redirected to the <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> page, click on the <Icon name="fa-search"/> button next to your application to view its details. In the modal that opens, scroll down a bit until you reach the <InlineUIElement>OAuth configuration</InlineUIElement> section. Write down both <InlineField>Client Id</InlineField> and the <InlineField>Client Secret</InlineField> values, as you'll need them soon.

## Set Up CockroachDB

<Aside type="note">
The steps below are performed in a CockroachDB Cloud instance. On Self-Hosted clusters, instructions are different. Refer to [this article](https://www.cockroachlabs.com/docs/stable/sso-db-console.html).
</Aside>

Log in to your Cockroach DB console using an administrator account and navigate to <Breadcrumb>Organization -> Authentication</Breadcrumb>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/oidc/enable-sso.png" alt="Enable SSO." width="1200" />

Click <InlineUIElement>Enable</InlineUIElement> to activate SSO providers in your organization. You will be prompted to provide a <InlineField>Custom URL</InlineField> for your instance, where all users will be required to use when logging in (this will be prefixed by `https://cockroachlabs.cloud/login/`). Define the URL and click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>. You should now toggle the <InlineField>Confirm</InlineField> box to acknowledge that this operation cannot be reverted and finally click <InlineUIElement>Enable</InlineUIElement> to save.

After doing so, you'll be taken back to the <Breadcrumb>Authentication</Breadcrumb> page. Click <InlineUIElement>Add</InlineUIElement> in <InlineUIElement>Authentication Methods</InlineUIElement> to create a new provider, set <InlineField>Configuration</InlineField> to `OIDC` and give it a meaningful name, like "FusionAuth", which will be displayed to your users when they browse to the login page. Click <InlineUIElement>Submit</InlineUIElement> to go to the details page.

In the method details page, click <InlineUIElement>Edit</InlineUIElement> and fill in <InlineField>Issuer URL</InlineField>, <InlineField>Client ID</InlineField> and <InlineField>Client Secret</InlineField> fields with the values you copied when creating the application in your FusionAuth instance.

By default, someone will only be able to log in to your CockroachDB application if you have already created a user there with the same email address from your FusionAuth instance. However, you can enable CockroachDB to automatically create a user there with a `Developer` role if they don't exist by clicking <InlineUIElement>Additional Settings</InlineUIElement> and setting the <InlineUIElement>Auto-provision Accounts</InlineUIElement> switch to "Enabled". You can also define which email domains will be accepted by filling <InlineField>Allowed Email Domains</InlineField>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/oidc/add-oidc.png" alt="Adding FusionAuth OIDC provider to CockroachDB." width="1200" />

Submit your changes by clicking <InlineUIElement>Save</InlineUIElement> in the top right corner of the screen, which will redirect you back to the method details page, where you need to copy the <InlineField>Callback URL</InlineField>. Go back to your FusionAuth instance and select <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb>. Click the blue pencil icon to edit your application and paste that URL in <InlineField>Authorized redirect URLs</InlineField> and save your application.

Go back to CockroachDB and click the <InlineUIElement>Test</InlineUIElement> button in <InlineUIElement>Test Connection</InlineUIElement> to actually try out the whole process. If it succeeds, you can enable the integration by toggling the <InlineField>Status</InlineField> switch.

## Log in

To test everything, open a different browser (or an incognito tab) and go to that custom URL you've configured earlier (something like `https://cockroachlabs.cloud/login/your-url-here`). You'll now see a <InlineUIElement>Log in with FusionAuth</InlineUIElement> (or whatever the name you chose) button. Click it and you will be prompted to log in to your FusionAuth instance. After completing the process, you should be redirected back to your CockroachDB DB Console already logged in.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/oidc/login.png" alt="Login screen for your CockroachDB instance." width="1200" />

## Troubleshooting

* Watch out when defining the issuer for your tenant and make sure you have included both the protocol (most commonly `https://`) and no trailing slashes.
* Ensure that the signing keys for your FusionAuth application are using  asymmetric encryption (RS256) by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Key Master</Breadcrumb>, locating the two keys named `Access token signing key generated for application CockroachDB` and `Id token signing key generated for application CockroachDB`. Both of them should have <InlineUIElement>Type</InlineUIElement> as `RSA`.
* If you have trouble configuring your CockroachDB instance, please refer to their Single Sign-On support docs for either [Cloud](https://www.cockroachlabs.com/docs/cockroachcloud/cloud-org-sso.html) and [Self-Hosted](https://www.cockroachlabs.com/docs/stable/sso-db-console.html) clusters.

# OpenID Connect

While OpenID Connect (OIDC) is a standard and is broadly interoperable, this section contains examples of integrations where external applications delegate to FusionAuth for user authentication.

## Examples

* [CockroachDB](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/oidc/cockroachdb)
* [Salesforce](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/oidc/salesforce)

This is not the limit of supported OIDC Relying Parties (RPs). The FusionAuth community has integrated FusionAuth with many others. If you have questions about support for a specific RP, please [contact us](/contact).

# OIDC & Salesforce

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import Icon from 'src/components/icon/Icon.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';

[Salesforce](https://www.salesforce.com/) is a robust customer relationship management software that allows users to sign in into their accounts using an external Identity Provider. This document covers the configuration necessary to get Salesforce working with FusionAuth as the identity provider using OpenID Connect.

### Prerequisites

This document assumes you have a running instance of FusionAuth and a working Salesforce application. You will also need admin accounts for both to configure them correctly and a FusionAuth user that you will use to sign into Salesforce. You can use an existing user or create a new user for this purpose.

## Configure FusionAuth

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> and click on <Icon name="plus"/> to create an application named `Salesforce`.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/oidc/add-application.png" alt="Create an Application." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Click on <Icon name="save"/> to save your application. After being redirected to the <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> page, click on the <Icon name="fa-search" /> icon to view the application details. Write down the <InlineField>OAuth IdP login URL</InlineField>, <InlineField>Logout URL</InlineField>, <InlineField>Token endpoint</InlineField> and <InlineField>Userinfo endpoint</InlineField> fields, located in the <InlineUIElement>OAuth2 & OpenID Connect Integration details</InlineUIElement> section, as you'll need that information later.

## Configure Salesforce

Before configuring FusionAuth as an identity provider in Salesforce, you need to create some code that will map the information returned from FusionAuth into a user entity that will then be persisted in Salesforce using [Apex](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_intro_what_is_apex.htm), their object-oriented programming language.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>PLATFORM TOOLS -> Custom Code -> Apex Classes</Breadcrumb> and click the <InlineUIElement>New</InlineUIElement> button to create a new class.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/oidc/apex-class-new.png" alt="Create an Apex class." width="1276" role="bottom-cropped" />

In the editor, paste the following code as a starting point:

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-salesforce-oidc/main/RegistrationHandler.cls" />

Complete the code above by making the following changes:

- Update the `ORG_SUFFIX` to your actual FusionAuth instance URL
- Set `STANDARD_PROFILE` to the profile name you want to add users to (you can find the available options by navigating to <Breadcrumb>ADMINISTRATION -> Users -> Profiles</Breadcrumb>)
- Add a default time zone by setting `u.timeZoneSidKey` to a time zone code from [this list](https://help.salesforce.com/s/articleView?id=sf.admin_supported_timezone.htm&type=5). This will be used as a fallback when one is not received from FusionAuth.

Finally, click <InlineUIElement>Save</InlineUIElement> to create the class.

Browse to <Breadcrumb>SETTINGS -> Identity -> Auth. Providers</Breadcrumb> to get to the Authentication Providers page and click <InlineUIElement>New</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/oidc/auth-provider-new.png" alt="Create an Authentication Provider." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Fill in the values as shown in the image below, using the information you copied from your FusionAuth application earlier.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/oidc/auth-provider-form.png" alt="Fill in Authentication Provider values." width="1200" />

The following table describes the necessary values that you need to copy from your FusionAuth application onto the fields in Salesforce.

| Salesforce field                                                         | FusionAuth field                                                                                         | Sample value                                                                                           |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| <InlineField>Provider Type</InlineField>                                 |                                                                                                          | `Open ID Connect`                                                                                      |
| <InlineField>Name</InlineField>                                          |                                                                                                          | FusionAuth                                                                                             |
| <InlineField>URL Suffix</InlineField>                                    |                                                                                                          | FusionAuth                                                                                             |
| <InlineField>Consumer Key</InlineField>                                  | Your FusionAuth application <InlineField>Client Id</InlineField>                                         | `fb45c33d-72db-4852-b764-3e8556916193`                                                                 |
| <InlineField>Consumer Secret</InlineField>                               | Your FusionAuth application <InlineField>Client secret</InlineField>                                     | `QCuUxBdSq-B-GKpydrh63ASkHZnJZS7P-6Ib2PYZNQw`                                                          |
| <InlineField>Authorize Endpoint URL</InlineField>                        | Your FusionAuth application <InlineField>OAuth IdP login URL</InlineField> until the question mark (`?`) | `https://your.fusionauth.application.url/oauth2/authorize`                                             |
| <InlineField>Token Endpoint URL</InlineField>                            | Your FusionAuth application <InlineField>Token endpoint</InlineField>                                    | `https://your.fusionauth.application.url/oauth2/token`                                                 |
| <InlineField>User Info Endpoint URL</InlineField>                        | Your FusionAuth application <InlineField>Userinfo endpoint</InlineField>                                 | `https://your.fusionauth.application.url/oauth2/userinfo`                                              |
| <InlineField>Token Issuer</InlineField>                                  | Your FusionAuth application <InlineField>Userinfo issuer</InlineField>                                   | `https://your.fusionauth.application.url`                                                              |
| <InlineField>Default Scopes</InlineField>                                |                                                                                                          | `openid email`                                                                                         |
| <InlineField>Send access token in header</InlineField>                   |                                                                                                          | Checked                                                                                                |
| <InlineField>Send client credentials in header</InlineField>             |                                                                                                          | Unchecked                                                                                              |
| <InlineField>Include Consumer Secret in SOAP API Responses</InlineField> |                                                                                                          | Unchecked                                                                                              |
| <InlineField>Custom Logout URL</InlineField>                             | Your FusionAuth application <InlineField>Logout Url</InlineField>                                        | `https://your.fusionauth.application.url/oauth2/logout?client_id=fb45c33d-72db-4852-b764-3e8556916193` |

In <InlineField>Registration Handler</InlineField>, click the <Icon name="fa-search" /> magnifying glass button to open a window with the existing Apex Classes in your Salesforce organization. There, click <InlineUIElement>FusionAuthRegHandler</InlineUIElement> to select it. Click the other <Icon name="fa-search" /> magnifying glass button in <InlineField>Execute Registration As</InlineField> and select the user that will be responsible for executing the registration (you can select your own user here).

Click <InlineUIElement>Save</InlineUIElement> to finish configuring the provider. Scroll down to the <InlineUIElement>Salesforce Configuration</InlineUIElement> section and open the address from <InlineUIElement>Test-Only Initialization URL</InlineUIElement> in an incognito window.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/oidc/auth-provider-values.png" alt="Copy Test-Only Initialization URL from the Authentication Provider." width="1200" />

After logging in with your FusionAuth credentials, you should be redirected to an XML file with the user details that Salesforce will receive from FusionAuth, like the example below.

```xml
<user>
    <full_name>Your Full Name</full_name>
    <provider>Open ID Connect</provider>
    <org_id>000000000000000</org_id>
    <last_name>Your Last Name</last_name>
    <id>00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000</id>
    <portal_id>000000000000000</portal_id>
    <first_name>Your First Name</first_name>
    <email>Your Email</email>
</user>
```

<Aside type="note">
If you are not seeing these values, click <InlineUIElement>Edit</InlineUIElement> in the Salesforce <Breadcrumb>Auth. Providers</Breadcrumb> page and double-check the values.
</Aside>

Now, go back to the <InlineUIElement>Salesforce Configuration</InlineUIElement> section in Salesforce and write down <InlineField>Callback URL</InlineField>, <InlineField>Single Sign-On Initialization URL</InlineField> and <InlineField>Single Logout URL</InlineField> values. In your FusionAuth instance, edit the `Salesforce` application you just created and paste <InlineField>Callback URL</InlineField> in <InlineField>Authorized redirect URLs</InlineField> and <InlineField>Single Logout URL</InlineField> in <InlineField>Logout URL</InlineField>.

Click on <Icon name="save"/> to save the changes.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/oidc/edit-application.png" alt="Editing the Application." width="1200" />

## Log in

Open the <InlineField>Single Sign-On Initialization URL</InlineField> you copied from the <InlineUIElement>Salesforce Configuration</InlineUIElement> in a new browser or an incognito window. You should be taken to the FusionAuth login page. Fill in your credentials and you should be redirected back to your Salesforce account already logged in.

## Troubleshooting

Most errors occur due to misconfiguration of the Authentication Provider while copying values from FusionAuth into Salesforce. Make sure you have provided the right values there.

# SAML v2 & Aiven

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import Icon from 'src/components/icon/Icon.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';

Aiven is a cloud-based Database-as-a-Service platform. This document covers the configuration necessary to get it working with FusionAuth as the Identity Provider using SAML v2, allowing users to log in to your Aiven account using their FusionAuth credentials.

### Prerequisites

This document assumes you have a running instance of FusionAuth and a working Aiven application with a project already created. You will also need admin accounts for both to configure them correctly.

<Aside type="caution">
This does not work if you are running FusionAuth on Docker. Please check out [this issue](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/2308) for progress on fixing this problem.
</Aside>

## Configure Aiven

### Create a Team

First, you need to create a team where new users will be added to. In your [Aiven console](https://console.aiven.io/), browse to <Breadcrumb>Admin -> Organization</Breadcrumb> and click <InlineUIElement>Create team</InlineUIElement> in the organization details section. Set the <InlineField>Team name</InlineField> as `Developers` and click <InlineUIElement>Create team</InlineUIElement>.

When arriving back to the teams page, click on the newly created team and go to the <InlineUIElement>Projects and Roles</InlineUIElement> tab. Click <InlineUIElement>Add projects</InlineUIElement>, select the project, the desired <InlineField>Permission level</InlineField> (e.g. `Developer`) and click <InlineUIElement>Add project</InlineUIElement> to finish setting up the team.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/add-team-to-project.png" alt="Adding team to a project." width="1200" />

### Configure SSO

Click on <Breadcrumb>Authentication</Breadcrumb> in the sidebar and then on <InlineUIElement>Add authentication method</InlineUIElement> to create one. Name it `FusionAuth`, select `SAML` as the <InlineField>Method Type</InlineField> and choose the `Developers` team you just created in <InlineField>Team to autojoin on signup</InlineField>. Click <InlineUIElement>Add method</InlineUIElement> to save.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/add-authentication-method.png" alt="Adding an authentication method." width="1200" />

In the next screen, record both the <InlineField>Metadata URL</InlineField> and <InlineField>ACS URL</InlineField> values and click <InlineUIElement>Finish</InlineUIElement>. You'll use these values later.

## Configure FusionAuth

### Generate the Certificate

You need to generate a custom RSA certificate and upload it to your FusionAuth instance's <Breadcrumb>Key Master</Breadcrumb>. To do so you can use a script that you'll create below.

Before running it, you need to create an API Key in your FusionAuth instance. Browse to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> API Keys</Breadcrumb> and click on <Icon name="plus" />. Set the <InlineField>Description</InlineField> as `Certificate generator` and locate `/api/key/import` in the <InlineUIElement>Endpoints</InlineUIElement> section. Click the <InlineUIElement>POST</InlineUIElement> switch to enable it and confirm by clicking on <InlineUIElement>save</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/create-api-key.png" alt="Creating API Key." width="1200" />

After being redirected back to the <Breadcrumb>API Keys</Breadcrumb> page, click on the <InlineUIElement>Key</InlineUIElement> field to reveal its actual value. Then copy it. You'll have to provide this value to the script below.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/grab-api-key.png" alt="Grabbing API Key." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Create a script named `generate-certificate` and paste the contents below.

<RemoteCode lang="shell" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-scripts/main/v3-certificate/generate-certificate" />

Now execute the script.

```shell
bash generate-certificate
```

Answer the questions which the script asks. Make sure to give the key a meaningful name, like `Aiven key`.

```shell title="Example response for the script"
Your FusionAuth instance URL (with scheme): https://local.fusionauth.io
API Key with /api/key/import endpoint:      Dy9bphElA3L3_ayW86T5KvrZkyK1Gj5EDV_2NKU5Ypg
Name for the generated key:                 Aiven key
```

After finishing, you'll have a certificate in the <Breadcrumb>Key Master</Breadcrumb> in your FusionAuth instance ready to be used. The script will also print the generated certificate. Copy that as well, as you'll need it later.

### Create the Application

Create an application in your FusionAuth instance by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> and clicking on <Icon name="plus" />. Name it `Aiven` and go to the <Breadcrumb>SAML</Breadcrumb> tab. Toggle the <InlineField>Enabled</InlineField> switch, paste the <InlineField>Metadata URL</InlineField> and <InlineField>ACS URL</InlineField> you copied from Aiven to <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> and <InlineField>Authorized redirect URLs</InlineField> fields in your FusionAuth application, respectively.

_Table 1. Mapping fields_

| Aiven field                             | FusionAuth field                                    |
|-----------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------|
| <InlineField>Metadata URL</InlineField> | <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField>                   |
| <InlineField>ACS URL</InlineField>      | <InlineField>Authorized redirect URLs</InlineField> |

Scroll down to the <InlineUIElement>Authentication response</InlineUIElement> section and change the <InlineField>Signing key</InlineField> to the `Aiven key` you imported above. Click on <Icon name="save" /> to save your application.

When redirected to the <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> page, view your application details by clicking on <Icon name="fa-search" />. In <InlineUIElement>SAML v2 Integration details</InlineUIElement>, record both the <InlineField>Entity Id</InlineField> and <InlineField>Login URL</InlineField> fields.

### Create a User

Finally, make sure there is at least one user registered to your application so that you can test the login process. You can create a new user by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Users -> Add user</Breadcrumb>. Toggle the <InlineField>Send email to set up password</InlineField> switch to off and manually enter a password in the <InlineField>Password</InlineField> field.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/create-user.png" alt="FusionAuth User Creation"  width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

After saving this user, click <InlineUIElement>Manage</InlineUIElement> and go to the <Breadcrumb>Registrations</Breadcrumb> tab. Click <InlineUIElement>Add Registration</InlineUIElement> to register the user to your application.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/register-user.png" alt="FusionAuth User Registration"  width="1200" />

<Aside type="note">
You can also add a Registration for the Aiven application to an existing user.
</Aside>

## Finish Aiven Configuration

Go back to your [Aiven console](https://console.aiven.io/) and click <Breadcrumb>Admin</Breadcrumb> and then on <Breadcrumb>Authentication</Breadcrumb> in the sidebar to list the authentication methods again. Click on <InlineUIElement>FusionAuth</InlineUIElement>, which will still have a `PENDING CONFIGURATION` state until you finish setting it up.

Scroll down to the <InlineUIElement>SAML config</InlineUIElement> section and click the <InlineUIElement>Edit</InlineUIElement> button and fill in the information below.

* <InlineField>SAML IDP Url</InlineField>: the <InlineField>Login URL</InlineField> from your FusionAuth application.
* <InlineField>SAML Entity ID</InlineField>: the <InlineField>Entity Id</InlineField> from your FusionAuth application.
* <InlineField>SAML Signature Algorithm</InlineField>: you can leave this blank.
* <InlineField>SAML Digest Algorithm</InlineField>: you can leave this blank.
* <InlineField>SAML Field Mapping</InlineField>: you can leave this blank.
* <InlineField>SAML Certificate</InlineField>: paste the certificate you've copied from the `Generating certificate` step above.

Finally, click <InlineUIElement>Edit method</InlineUIElement> to save the changes.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/saml-configuration.png" alt="Configuring SAML in Aiven." width="1200" />

Go to the beginning of the page and click the <InlineField>Enable authentication method</InlineField> switch to enable logging in with FusionAuth.

Scroll down to <InlineUIElement>Signup and link accounts URLs</InlineUIElement> and  copy the <InlineUIElement>Signup URL</InlineUIElement>. You'll use it to test the integration and then share it with others to log into your Aiven application.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/copy-signup-url.png" alt="Copy Signup URL from Aiven." width="1200" />

## Testing

Open the <InlineUIElement>Signup URL</InlineUIElement> you copied above in an incognito tab or using another browser. You'll reach the signup page below.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/login-sso.png" alt="Logging in to Aiven." width="542" role="custom" />

Click on <InlineUIElement>Sign up with FusionAuth</InlineUIElement>, which will redirect you to the FusionAuth login page. Fill in your credentials and submit the form to be taken back to the Aiven console, already logged in and part of the `Developers` team.

# SAML v2 & Google

import SamlIdpNote from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/_saml-idp-note.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

Google provides G-Suite customers with the ability to sign into their Google accounts using a SAML identity provider. This document covers the configuration necessary to get Google working with FusionAuth as the identity provider via SAML v2.

<SamlIdpNote />

## Configure an application

The first step is to setup a new application for Google to connect to. This application can be named anything you want.

Under the SAML tab on the configuration page, you will need to specify these values:

* <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> : `google.com`
* <InlineField>Audience</InlineField> : Leave blank
* <InlineField>Callback URL (ACS)</InlineField> : `https://accounts.google.com/a/<your-g-suite-domain>/acs`
* <InlineField>Logout URL</InlineField> : Anything you want really
* <InlineField>Signing Key</InlineField> : Either select an existing key or let FusionAuth create a new one
* <InlineField>XML signature canonicalization method</InlineField> : `Exclusive with comments`
* <InlineField>Response populate lambda</InlineField> : Not needed for Google

In a new browser tab, open Google's website and navigate to the Admin section. From here, click on the Security settings.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/security-settings.png" alt="Google Security settings" width="1200" role="shadowed" />

On the Security settings page, scroll down and open the `Set up single sign-on` section.

Now you will copy and paste the URLs from the application view dialog in FusionAuth. Here's what the application view dialog looks like:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/applications-list-view-dialog.png" alt="Application view dialog" width="1200" role="shadowed" />

Scroll down to the `SAML v2 Integration details` section; here are the settings you need to copy and paste:

* Copy the `Login URL` and paste it into the `Sign-in page URL`
* Copy the `Logout URL` and paste it into the `Sign-out page URL`
* FusionAuth does not support the Change Password feature of Google, so you can just set the `Change password URL` to anything you want

Next, you need to download the certificate file from FusionAuth and upload it to Google. In FusionAuth, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Key Master</Breadcrumb>. Regardless of whether you created a key here or had FusionAuth generate one for you when you create the application, your key will appear in this list. Click the download icon for the key your application is using for SAML. This will download a ZIP file to your computer. Extract this ZIP file somewhere on you computer. This will create a directory named `keys`. Inside this directory will be a file named `certificate.crt`. You will need to upload this file to the Google security form under the `Verification Certificate` field.

Here is what the Google Security single sign-on form should look like once you have filled it all out properly:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/security-form.png" alt="Google single sign-on form" width="1200" role="shadowed" />

Save this configuration in Google and you should be all set. One thing to keep in mind is that Google does not use the SAML identity provider for admin accounts. Only standard user accounts will login with FusionAuth in this way.

# SAML

While Security Assertion Markup Language (SAMLv2) is a standard and is broadly interoperable, this section contains examples of integrations where external applications delegate to FusionAuth for user authentication.

## Examples

* [Aiven](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/aiven)
* [Google](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/google)
* [PagerDuty](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/pagerduty)
* [SendGrid](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/sendgrid)
* [Tableau Cloud](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/tableau-cloud)
* [Zendesk](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/zendesk)

This is not the limit of supported SAML Service Providers (SPs). The FusionAuth community has integrated FusionAuth with many others. If you have questions about support for a specific SP, please [contact us](/contact).

# SAML v2 & PagerDuty

import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import Icon from 'src/components/icon/Icon.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

This explains how to use FusionAuth with PagerDuty.

## Prerequisites

**In PagerDuty:** you must have a [Business or Digital Operations plan](https://www.pagerduty.com/pricing/) and be the *Account Owner* in order to enable Single Sign-On. For more information about this feature, please visit their [SSO support page](https://support.pagerduty.com/docs/sso). If you do not have this role, please reach out to the **Account Owner** within your organization to configure the integration.

**In FusionAuth:** you need to be able to configure a SAML connection on an application. This can be done manually with a user account assigned either the `admin` or `application_manager` role. It can also be done with an API key that has the `application` permission.

## Integration Walkthrough

### PagerDuty

1. The _Account Owner_ can configure the SSO settings by navigating to <Breadcrumb>User Icon -> Account Settings -> Single Sign-On</Breadcrumb>.
2. Select the **SAML** radio button.
3. Copy the **SAML Endpoint URL**.

### FusionAuth

1. Click the <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> link in the sidebar.
2. Create a new Application by clicking the green <InlineUIElement>+</InlineUIElement> button in the top right corner of the page.
3. Enter a name, such as *PagerDuty*, for the app and then click on the <Breadcrumb>SAML</Breadcrumb> tab.
4. Set the <InlineField>Enabled</InlineField> field to true to turn the integration on.
5. Configure SAML functionality to integrate with your PagerDuty account.
   * Set the <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> value to `https://YOUR-SUBDOMAIN.pagerduty.com`, where `YOUR-SUBDOMAIN` is the value of your PagerDuty subdomain.
   * Leave the <InlineField>Audience</InlineField> blank.
   * Paste the <InlineUIElement>SAML Endpoint URL</InlineUIElement> you copied from PagerDuty into the <InlineField>Authorized redirect URLs</InlineField> field. The value in this field will be blue when entered.
6. Save the application by clicking the *blue floppy disk icon* in the top right corner of the page.
7. When redirected back to the <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> page, view your application details by clicking the magnifier green icon.
   * In the dialog, scroll down to the <InlineUIElement>SAML v2 Integration details</InlineUIElement> section.
   * Copy the <InlineUIElement>Entity Id</InlineUIElement> URL and open it in a new browser tab. This will contain configuration you'll need shortly.
     * _Note: This address contains an XML file. If your browser doesn’t automatically format it, you can copy everything and use [an online XML beautifier](https://xmlviewer.org/)_.
     * Copy the contents of the `X509Certificate` element from the XML file and paste them in PagerDuty.
       * You should paste the contents enclosed between `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----` and `-----END CERTIFICATE-----`, like the example below:
         ```
         -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
         <contents of X509Certificate copied from FusionAuth>
         -----END CERTIFICATE-----
         ```

   * Copy the <InlineUIElement>Login URL</InlineUIElement> from FusionAuth <InlineUIElement>SAML v2 Integration details</InlineUIElement> section and paste it in PagerDuty’s own <InlineField>Login URL</InlineField> field.
8. In PagerDuty, click *Save Changes* at the bottom of the screen.

<YouTube id="ljhSRa8dy6I" />

### Testing

To test the integration, open your PagerDuty application address in another browser or in private mode.

Below the login form, click the blue <InlineUIElement>Sign In With Your Identity Provider</InlineUIElement> button to navigate to the FusionAuth login screen.
After logging in, you should be automatically redirected to your PagerDuty application already signed in with that same account.

## Disable

In PagerDuty, the **Account Owner** can disable SSO settings by navigating to the <Breadcrumb>User Icon -> Account Settings -> Single Sign-On</Breadcrumb> and choosing the <InlineField>PagerDuty</InlineField> radio button.

# SAML v2 & SendGrid

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import Icon from 'src/components/icon/Icon.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

SendGrid is a transactional email service. Using a SAML v2 identity provider, you can control who has access to your SendGrid account. This document covers the configuration necessary to get SendGrid working with FusionAuth as the identity provider using SAML v2. 

<Aside type="note">
This document helps you set up single sign-on using SAML for your SendGrid account. If you are looking to set up SendGrid as an email provider, you want [this documentation instead](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/configure-email#sendgrid-twilio).
</Aside>

## Prerequisites

This document assumes you have a running instance of FusionAuth and a working SendGrid application. You will also need an admin account for FusionAuth and be the account owner in SendGrid to configure them correctly.

<Aside type="note">
Single Sign-On (SSO) is available for Twilio SendGrid Email API Pro, Premier, and Marketing Campaigns Advanced plans only. See the [Twilio SendGrid pricing page](https://sendgrid.com/pricing/) for a full list of Twilio SendGrid features available by plan.
</Aside>

## Configure SendGrid

In your [SendGrid dashboard](https://app.sendgrid.com/), navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> SSO Settings</Breadcrumb> and click <InlineUIElement>Add Configuration</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/sendgrid-sso-settings.png" alt="Adding SSO configuration in SendGrid." width="1200" />

Name it `FusionAuth` and write down both <InlineField>Single Sign-On URL</InlineField> and <InlineField>Audience URL (SP Entity ID)</InlineField> fields as you'll use them soon. Click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/sendgrid-add-configuration-values.png" alt="Filling SSO configuration in SendGrid." width="1200" />

To get the needed values for the below form, you need to configure FusionAuth.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/sendgrid-add-configuration-after-initial.png" alt="Filling SSO configuration in SendGrid." width="1200" />

## Configure FusionAuth

Before finishing configuring SendGrid, you have to configure the certificate issuer and create an application in FusionAuth.

Log in to your instance, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants</Breadcrumb> and click <Icon name="edit" /> on your tenant to edit it. Change the <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> to your FusionAuth instance domain without the protocol (e.g. `your.application.com`) and click on <Icon name="save" /> to save your tenant.

Now, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb>, <Icon name="plus" /> and name it `SendGrid`.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/add-application.png" alt="Adding an Application in FusionAuth." width="1200" />

Go to the <Breadcrumb>SAML</Breadcrumb> tab and toggle the <InlineField>Enabled</InlineField> switch. Paste the <InlineField>Audience URL (SP Entity ID)</InlineField> and <InlineField>Single Sign-On URL</InlineField> you copied from SendGrid to <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> and <InlineField>Authorized redirect URLs</InlineField> fields in your FusionAuth application, respectively.

_Mapping fields_

| SendGrid                                               | FusionAuth                                          |
|--------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------|
| <InlineField>Audience URL (SP Entity ID)</InlineField> | <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField>                   |
| <InlineField>Single Sign-On URL</InlineField>          | <InlineField>Authorized redirect URLs</InlineField> |

Scroll down to <InlineUIElement>Authentication response</InlineUIElement> and change <InlineField>Signature canonicalization method</InlineField> to `Exclusive`.

Click <Icon name="save"/> to save your application. When redirected to the <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> page, view your application details by clicking <Icon name="fa-search"/>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/saml-integration-details.png" alt="Getting the SAML integration details." width="1200" />

In <InlineUIElement>SAML v2 Integration details</InlineUIElement>, write down both <InlineField>Entity Id</InlineField> and <InlineField>Login URL</InlineField> fields.

Copy the <InlineField>Metadata URL</InlineField> and open it in a new browser tab. This will contain configuration you'll need shortly.

<Aside type="note">
This URL contains an XML file. If your browser doesn’t automatically format it, you can copy everything and use [an online XML beautifier](https://xmlviewer.org/).
</Aside>

Copy the contents of the `X509Certificate` element from the XML file and write it down.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/metadata.png" alt="Copying certificate from SAML metadata." width="1200" />

## Finish setting up SendGrid

Retrieve the first two values you copied from your FusionAuth application and write the <InlineField>Entity Id</InlineField> to SendGrid's <InlineField>SAML Issuer ID</InlineField> and the <InlineField>Login URL</InlineField> in <InlineField>Embed Link</InlineField>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/sendgrid-add-configuration-after-initial.png" alt="Filling SSO configuration in SendGrid." width="1200" />

In the <InlineUIElement>Certificates</InlineUIElement> session, click <InlineUIElement>Add Certificate</InlineUIElement>.

In the modal, paste your FusionAuth application's certificate into <InlineField>X509 Certificate</InlineField> and enclose it between `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----` and `-----END CERTIFICATE-----`, as seen in the example below.

```
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
<contents of X509Certificate copied from FusionAuth>
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
```

Here's a walkthrough of these steps.

<YouTube id="w5b4C2IYdFk" />

Click <InlineUIElement>Add Certificate</InlineUIElement> to save the certificate.

Finally click <InlineUIElement>Enable SSO</InlineUIElement> to finish the configuration.

## User Management

Go to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Teammates</Breadcrumb>, click the <InlineUIElement>Add Teammate</InlineUIElement> dropdown button in the top right corner of the page and select <InlineUIElement>Add SSO teammate</InlineUIElement>.

Fill in the same email address from a FusionAuth user and their first and last names. Click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>. Choose one of the available permissions (e.g. `Add with read-only access`) and click <InlineUIElement>Save</InlineUIElement> to add the user.

## Testing

Browse to the [SendGrid login page](https://app.sendgrid.com/) in another browser or in an incognito tab and click <InlineUIElement>Log in with single sign-on (SSO) instead</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/login-page.png" alt="SendGrid login page with SSO option." width="1200" />

In the dedicated SSO page, you need to fill in the username you created earlier and click <InlineUIElement>Log In with SSO</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/login-sso.png" alt="SendGrid SSO login page." width="1200" />

You'll be now redirected to the FusionAuth login screen. After entering the credentials, you arrive back at the SendGrid application already logged in.

## References

* [SendGrid SSO documentation](https://docs.sendgrid.com/ui/account-and-settings/sso)
* [Deleting an SSO integration via API](https://docs.sendgrid.com/api-reference/single-sign-on-settings/delete-an-sso-integration) is the only way as the Web interface doesn't allow you to do it
* [The Twilio SendGrid pricing page](https://sendgrid.com/pricing/)

# SAML v2 & Tableau Cloud

import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import Icon from 'src/components/icon/Icon.astro';

[Tableau](https://www.tableau.com/) is one of the most advanced data visualization tools used for business intelligence and data analysis. This document covers the configuration necessary to get Tableau Cloud working with FusionAuth as the identity provider using SAML v2, allowing users to log in to your Tableau Cloud account using their FusionAuth credentials.

### Prerequisites

This document assumes you have a running instance of FusionAuth and a working Tableau Cloud application. You will also need admin accounts for both to configure them correctly.

Finally, you'll need a FusionAuth user that you will use to sign into Tableau. You can use an existing user or create a new user for this purpose.

### Enabling SAML for Tableau

In your Tableau Cloud dashboard, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Authentication</Breadcrumb>. Select <InlineUIElement>Enable an additional authentication method</InlineUIElement>, choose <InlineUIElement>SAML</InlineUIElement> and click <InlineUIElement>Edit connection</InlineUIElement> to open the settings.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/navigation.png" alt="Enable SAML in Tableau CLoud." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Copy both <InlineField>Tableau Cloud entity ID</InlineField> and <InlineField>Assertion Consumer Service URL (ACS)</InlineField> from <InlineUIElement>Export metadata from Tableau Cloud</InlineUIElement> and write them down. You'll use them shortly.

Now, log in to your FusionAuth instance to create a new application. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> and click the <Icon name="plus" /> button and give it a meaningful name (e.g. `Tableau`).

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/application-config.png" alt="Create an Application." width="1200" />

Go to the <Breadcrumb>SAML</Breadcrumb> tab and toggle the <InlineField>Enabled</InlineField> switch. Paste the <InlineField>Tableau Cloud entity ID</InlineField> and <InlineField>Assertion Consumer Service URL (ACS)</InlineField> you copied from Tableau to <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> and <InlineField>Authorized redirect URLs</InlineField> fields in your FusionAuth application, respectively.

_Mapping fields_

| Tableau                                                         | FusionAuth                                          |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------|
| <InlineField>Tableau Cloud entity ID</InlineField>              | <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField>                   |
| <InlineField>Assertion Consumer Service URL (ACS)</InlineField> | <InlineField>Authorized redirect URLs</InlineField> |

Click <Icon name="save"/> to save your application.

In the <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> page, click on the <Icon name="fa-search"/> button next to your application to view its details. In the modal that opens, scroll down a bit until you reach the <InlineUIElement>SAML v2 Integration details</InlineUIElement> section.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/metadata-view.png" alt="View the Application Metadata." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Copy the address from <InlineUIElement>Metadata URL:</InlineUIElement> and open it in a new tab in your browser. If the file didn't automatically download, save it.

Go back to your Tableau account and upload this in the <InlineUIElement>Import metadata file into Tableau Cloud</InlineUIElement> field by either dropping the file there or clicking <InlineUIElement>Choose a file</InlineUIElement> and selecting it. Click <InlineUIElement>Apply</InlineUIElement> to load the information from the metadata file into both <InlineField>IdP entity ID</InlineField> and <InlineField>SSO Service URL</InlineField> fields. You should see something like the image below.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/config.png" alt="Uploading metadata file." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped top-cropped" />

Click <InlineUIElement>Test Connection</InlineUIElement> to open a modal with the FusionAuth login screen. Fill in your credentials and submit the form. You should see a <InlineUIElement>Successfully connected to server</InlineUIElement> message below that button.

In <InlineUIElement>Match attributes</InlineUIElement>, map email, first and last name fields like shown in the image below and click <InlineUIElement>Apply</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/mapping.png" alt="Map email  first and last name fields" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped top-cropped" />

### Add a New User

In your Tableau Cloud account, go to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Authentication</Breadcrumb> (the same page you've configured the authentication above) and scroll down to <InlineUIElement>Manage Users</InlineUIElement>. Click <InlineUIElement>Manage Users</InlineUIElement> and then <InlineUIElement>Add Users by Email</InlineUIElement> to send invites to the desired users. Tableau supports SCIM for automated provisioning, as does FusionAuth, but that is beyond the scope of this document. You must provide the same addresses they use to log in to your FusionAuth instance.

After doing so, they should receive an email with a link to the login page. When browsing to that page, they should enter their email address.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/adding-user.png" alt="Adding a user via email address." width="1200" />

They'll be redirected to the FusionAuth login screen when they click <InlineUIElement>Sign in</InlineUIElement>. There, they should fill in the credentials for their FusionAuth account. After they authenticate successfully, they will be sent to the Tableau Cloud dashboard.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/tableau-dashboard.png" alt="Tableau dashboard." width="1200" />

### Troubleshooting

Make sure you paste the right information from <InlineField>Tableau Cloud entity ID</InlineField> and <InlineField>Assertion Consumer Service URL (ACS)</InlineField> fields into your FusionAuth application.

You can also browse to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Authentication</Breadcrumb> in your Tableau Cloud dashboard and click <InlineUIElement>Download log file</InlineUIElement> in <InlineUIElement>Troubleshooting single sign-on (SSO)</InlineUIElement> to further investigate.

Finally, you can edit your FusionAuth application, go to the <Breadcrumb>SAML</Breadcrumb> tab and click <InlineUIElement>Debug enabled</InlineUIElement> to create an event log with more information. To see these logs, browse to <Breadcrumb>System -> Event Log</Breadcrumb>.

You can also review the [Tableau Cloud SSO docs](https://help.tableau.com/current/online/en-us/saml_config_site.htm).

# SAML v2 & Zendesk

import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

Zendesk allows customers to sign into their Zendesk accounts using a SAML identity provider. This document covers the configuration necessary to get Zendesk working with FusionAuth as the identity provider using SAML v2.

We'll also set up roles in FusionAuth to automatically grant agent dashboard access in Zendesk. Here's a video showing the integration process:

<YouTube id="QYuTOD8wjZU" />

### Prerequisites

This document assumes you have a running instance of FusionAuth and a working Zendesk application. You will also need admin accounts for both to configure them correctly.

Additionally, you'll need to know your Zendesk URL. It may be something like: `https://fusionauth-example.zendesk.com` where `fusionauth-example` is your registered domain. We'll use that value for this document, but please replace it with your Zendesk URL.

Finally, you'll need a FusionAuth user that you will use to sign into Zendesk. You can use an existing user or create a new user for this purpose.

### Configure FusionAuth

First, we want to create a new application named, `Zendesk`, in FusionAuth. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> and create an application with the following two roles:

* `agent`
* `admin`

When you are done, your screen should look like this just before saving. The role descriptions are optional but may be helpful to provide. Once you have confirmed the values, save the new application.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/create-application-and-roles.png" alt="Creating FusionAuth application with Zendesk roles." width="1200" role="shadowed" />

Next, we'll create a lambda to take FusionAuth role information and populate the SAML assertion that Zendesk will receive. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Lambdas</Breadcrumb> and click the add button.

* Name the lambda `Populate Zendesk roles`.
* Set the type to `SAML v2 populate`.
* Add the following function body:

```javascript
function populate(samlResponse, user, registration) {
  if (registration && registration.roles) {
    samlResponse.assertion.attributes.role = registration.roles;
  }
}
```

When this lambda function is executed, it will set the users' roles in the SAML assertion to the roles found in the registration. These roles are the ones assigned by FusionAuth for the Zendesk FusionAuth application. If no roles are assigned, Zendesk treats the user as an end user, not an agent or an admin.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/create-role-lambda.png" alt="Creating a lambda to populate roles." width="1200" role="shadowed" />

Click save, and then return to the `Zendesk` FusionAuth application by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb>

* Edit the application.
* Go to the SAML tab.
* Enable SAML.

To configure SAML, use the following settings, replacing `fusionauth-example` with your actual Zendesk domain.

* <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> : `https://fusionauth-example.zendesk.com`, note that there is no trailing slash.
* <InlineField>Audience</InlineField> : Leave this blank.
* <InlineField>Callback URL (ACS)</InlineField> : `https://fusionauth-example.zendesk.com/access/saml/`
* <InlineField>Logout URL</InlineField> : A location that users should be sent to after they sign out of Zendesk.
* <InlineField>Signing Key</InlineField> : Either select an existing key or let FusionAuth create a new one.
* <InlineField>XML signature canonicalization method</InlineField> : `Exclusive with comments`
* <InlineField>Response populate lambda</InlineField> : Choose the previously created lambda named `Populate Zendesk roles`.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/saml-config.png" alt="Application SAML configuration." width="1200" role="shadowed top-cropped" />

Click save. Now view the application configuration and scroll down to the `SAML v2 Integration details` section.  Copy the following information:

* `Login URL`
* `Logout URL`

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/saml-details-for-application.png" alt="The SAML Integration Details." width="1200" role="shadowed" />

Next, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb> to edit the user you have previously set up or create a new one. Create a registration to add that user to the `Zendesk` application and give them the appropriate role. If you don't give them an `admin` or `agent` role, they'll default to a `user` Zendesk role.

Finally, go to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Key Master</Breadcrumb> and view the `Signing Key` you created or chose. Copy the `Fingerprint (SHA-256)` value. This will be something like `FF:74:12:A5:40:67:E9:90:24:FC:95:07:FC:B7:E6:36:9B:26:75:6B:24:9D:3E:49:0A:43:4D:BC:03:00:DD:AA`.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/fingerprint-for-zendesk.png" alt="The required certificate fingerprint." width="1200" role="shadowed" />

### Configure Zendesk

The [general Zendesk SSO instructions](https://support.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/203663676) are worth reading.

To configure Zendesk to use FusionAuth to manage your users, head to your application's security center, then to the `Single sign-on` section. This is a direct URL to that section: `https://fusionauth-example.zendesk.com/admin/security/sso`

Enable SAML, then configure it.

* The <InlineField>SAML SSO URL</InlineField> is the `Login URL` previously copied.
* The <InlineField>Remote Logout URL</InlineField> is the `Logout URL` previously copied.
* The <InlineField>Certificate fingerprint</InlineField> is the `Fingerprint (SHA-256)` value previously copied.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/zendesk-saml-config.png" alt="The Zendesk SSO configuration screen." width="1200" role="shadowed" />

Save the SAML configuration. The next step is to allow users to log in using the SAML integration. You can choose to let end users, staff, or both use single sign-on.

Proceed to the `Staff members` section. Check `External authentication` and select `Single sign-on`. You should see that SAML is enabled. Save the configuration.

Navigate to the `End users` section. Check `External authentication`. You should see that SAML is enabled. Save the configuration.

You can also uncheck `Zendesk Authentication` in these two sections to ensure that users are managed only in FusionAuth. 

### Log in

Open a different browser and go to your Zendesk URL: `https://fusionauth-example.zendesk.com/`.

Enter the user credentials previously configured in FusionAuth.

You should arrive at a screen appropriate to the role of the user (Help Center for end users, the Zendesk dashboard for others).

### Troubleshooting

Admin users will be able to access their dashboard at `https://fusionauth-example.zendesk.com/access/normal` should FusionAuth be unavailable for any reason. There's more information at the [Zendesk help center](https://support.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/115006925348-Accessing-your-Zendesk-account-when-your-SSO-service-is-down).

Ensure that the `Issuer` setting has no trailing slash and exactly matches your Zendesk URL.

Make sure you are connecting over TLS. All Zendesk-bound traffic must be secure.

When troubleshooting, turn on SAML debugging at the application level and lambda debugging for the populate lambda. Use `console.log` statements in the lambda if needed.

New users are assigned the Zendesk `user` role if they have no FusionAuth role. By default, such users are sent to the Zendesk Help Center after sign in, which is not enabled by default in new Zendesk accounts. If this is the case, you'll get an error message.

If you have reached the license limit for your Zendesk account and you try to authenticate with a new user with the `agent` role, you'll be automatically logged out by Zendesk and arrive back at the FusionAuth login screen with no error message displayed.

# Login API

import LoginAPIIssues from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_login-api-issues.mdx';
import LoginAPIScopeLimitations from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_login-api-scope-limits.mdx';

You can use the [login API](/docs/apis/login) to build your own Login experiences. This is useful when the standard hosted login pages workflow does not work for you.

Examples of why this might be the case:

* You are building a mobile application and do not want to use the system browser, however styled, to capture login information.
* You have a single-page application (SPA) and don't want to redirect your users over to FusionAuth's login pages.
* You need a login workflow that doesn't follow the standard FusionAuth workflow. For example, capturing a user's login identifier, followed by prompting them for additional profile information, then sending them a code, and finally asking for a password.
* You have a SPA and a predefined set of components, so theming won't work.

## Using The Login API Directly

<LoginAPIIssues />

## Limitations

<LoginAPIScopeLimitations />

# JSON Web Tokens

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import AccessTokenClaims from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_access-token-claims.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import TenantJsonWebTokenSettings from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_tenant-json-web-token-settings.mdx';
import RefreshTokenSettings from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_refresh-token-settings.mdx';
import ApplicationJsonWebTokenSettings from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_application-json-web-token-settings.mdx';
import ApplicationLambdaSettings from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_application-lambda-settings.mdx';

JSON Web Tokens (or JWT for short - pronounced "jot") is a standard defined as [RFC 7519](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519) that
provides a portable unit of identity. FusionAuth implements the JWT specification and can provide JWTs as part of the authentication workflows.

<Aside type="note">
If you are using OAuth grants for authentication, only the JWT signing configuration documentation applies.

Much of this tutorial is aimed at those using the Login API, not the hosted login pages.

For more on the OAuth grants and the tokens returned when using them, visit [the OAuth documentation](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/).
</Aside>

After a User is authenticated via the [Login API](/docs/apis/login) or [OAuth](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/), FusionAuth creates a JWT and returns
it to the caller. This JWT will be cryptographically signed to allow other applications to verify that it was created by FusionAuth.

## Configuring JWTs in FusionAuth

FusionAuth provides the ability to configure a couple of aspects of its JWT handling. By navigating to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Tenants</Breadcrumb> in FusionAuth and selecting the JWT tab, you will see the tenant JWT configuration settings.

The following is an example screenshot of the tenant JWT configuration.

![Tenant Configuration - JWT](/img/docs/tenant-configuration-jwt.png)

### JSON Web Token Settings

<TenantJsonWebTokenSettings/>

### Refresh Token Settings

<RefreshTokenSettings page="tenant"/>

## Application Specific Configuration

If you navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> from the main menu, you can also configure the JWT parameters, including the signing algorithm, on a per application basis. If you don't select to enable Application specific JWT configuration, the tenant configuration will be used.

The following is an example screenshot of an Application specific JWT configuration.

![Application JWT enabled](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/application-jwt-enabled-configuration.png)

### JSON Web Token Settings

<ApplicationJsonWebTokenSettings/>

![Application Refresh Token configuration](/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/application-jwt-enabled-refresh-token.png)

### Refresh Token Settings

<RefreshTokenSettings/>

### Lambda Settings

<ApplicationLambdaSettings/>

Learn more about the [JWT Populate Lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/jwt-populate).

## Configuring JWT Signing

FusionAuth provides three configuration locations for JWT signing: 

* the tenant default values shown above
* an Application level setting
* with [Entity Management](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/entity-management), each entity type can have a unique key

FusionAuth supports configurations for HMAC, ECDSA (Elliptic Curve), EdDSA, or RSA based signing algorithms.

Keys are managed in [Key Master](/docs/operate/secure/key-master) and can be generated or imported there.

### Asymmetric Signing

If you are using FusionAuth in a hybrid environment where applications may be untrusted, asymmetric signing using EdDSA, ECDSA, or RSA is preferred.

Using this approach allows you to provide applications with a public key to verify the JWT signature while securing the private key in FusionAuth.

Only the party that holds the private key can produce JWTs. It is easier to know for certain who issued and signed the JWT. It will be FusionAuth.

### HMAC Signing

If you are in a secure environment and you require better performance, symmetric HMAC signing is best.

The downside of using HMAC signing is that each application requires access to the HMAC secret and you'll need to ensure it is distributed safely.

Anyone with the secret can both produce a JWT with a valid signature and verify the signature which makes it difficult to know for certain who issued and signed the JWT.

## Login and JWTs

When you complete a request to the [Login API](/docs/apis/login), FusionAuth will return a JWT in the JSON response body as well as in an HTTP Only session cookie. The cookie has the benefit of allowing web applications to authenticate directly against FusionAuth and managing JWT identities through the browser. The cookie name that the JWT is returned in is called `access_token`.

Here is an example of this `Set-Cookie` response header that includes a JWT with line breaks and spaces for readability.

```plaintext title="Example HTTP Cookie Header"
Set-Cookie: access_token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.
                         eyJleHAiOjE0ODUxNDA5ODQsImlhdCI6MTQ4NTEzNzM4NCwiaXNzIjoiYWNtZS5jb20iLCJzdWIiOiIyOWFjMGMxOC0wYjRhLTQyY2YtODJmYy0wM2Q1NzAzMThhMWQiLCJhcHBsaWNhdGlvbklkIjoiNzkxMDM3MzQtOTdhYi00ZDFhLWFmMzctZTAwNmQwNWQyOTUyIiwicm9sZXMiOltdfQ.
                         Mp0Pcwsz5VECK11Kf2ZZNF_SMKu5CgBeLN9ZOP04kZo;
                         Secure; HttpOnly
```

The JSON response body will also contain the JWT in an attribute called `token` like this:

<JSON title="Example JSON Response Body with JWT" src="login/login-response-short.json" />

### Skipping JWT Creation

There are some circumstances where you don't need a JWT returned as part of the [Login API](/docs/apis/login) response and therefore you can instruct FusionAuth to omit the JWT from the response. This will reduce the latency of calling the [Login API](/docs/apis/login) because FusionAuth can skip the creation and signing of the JWT. To disable JWTs during authentication, supply the `noJWT` parameter in the JSON request body on the [Login API](/docs/apis/login#authenticate-a-user).

## JWT Payload

FusionAuth provides a few custom claims in addition to some registered claims as defined by [RFC 7519 Section 4.1](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519#section-4.1). The following claims will be found in a JWT issued by FusionAuth.

### Claims

<AccessTokenClaims />

### Example JWT

Here is an example JWT that might be returned from FusionAuth:

<JSON title="Example JWT" src="login/jwt.json" />

## Refresh Tokens

Refresh tokens are a method of allowing a User to stay logged into an Application for a long period of time without requiring them to type in their password. This method is often used by Applications that don't store sensitive data such as games and social networks.

To receive a refresh token from the Login API, enable Refresh Tokens for the application. Using the FusionAuth UI, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Applications -> Security Tab</Breadcrumb>. Here you will find the Login API settings. Ensure that both <InlineField>Generate Refresh Tokens</InlineField> and <InlineField>Enable JWT refresh</InlineField> fields are enabled.

FusionAuth provides refresh tokens in the response from the [Login API](/docs/apis/login) provided that you supply these elements:

* `loginId` - the User's login Id
* `password` - the User's password or Authentication Token
* `applicationId` - the identifier for the Application the user is logging into

If all of these attributes are supplied to the [Login API](/docs/apis/login) then FusionAuth will produce a refresh token.

<Aside type="caution">
If any of the required elements are missing, no refresh token will be generated.
</Aside>

The refresh token will be returned in the JSON in the response body as well as in a cookie header. The refresh token will be in a parameter called `refreshToken` in the JSON response and the HTTP Only persistent cookie will be named `refresh_token`.

Here is an example of this `Set-Cookie` response header for a refresh token.

```plaintext title="Example HTTP Cookie Header"
Set-Cookie: refresh_token=eu1SsrjsiDf3h3LryUjxHIKTS0yyrbiPcsKF3HDp; Max-Age=2592000; Expires=Fri, 29-Sep-2017 15:20:24 GMT; Secure; HttpOnly
```

Here is an example of the JSON response body that contains the refresh token:

<JSON title="Example JSON with Refresh Token" src="login/login-response-short-refresh-token.json" />

<Aside type="caution">
Refresh Tokens are considered sensitive information. The token must be secured on the User's device. If a Refresh Token is compromised,
the token bearer may perform authenticated requests on behalf of the User.
</Aside>

Once you have a refresh token on the device, you can call the [Refresh a JWT](/docs/apis/jwt#refresh-a-jwt) API to get a new JWT from FusionAuth using the refresh token.
Using this pattern allows you to perform authenticated actions using the JWT without prompting the User to authenticate as long as the refresh token is active.

# Logout And Session Management

import AccountLogout from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/_account-logout.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import BootstrappingSSO from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/_bootstrapping-sso.mdx'
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import SessionsExpiration from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/_sessions-expiration.mdx';

This guide documents logout and session management features. Logout, or sign out, processes revoke users' access to applications and functionality. Session management controls the session and therefore continued access to application functionality and data.

For web and mobile applications, a session allows servers receiving requests over HTTP to group requests made by a user or application together. OWASP, an open-source security project, [defines a session](https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Session_Management_Cheat_Sheet.html) as:

> ... a sequence of network HTTP request and response transactions associated with the same user. Modern and complex web applications require the retaining of information or status about each user for the duration of multiple requests. Therefore, sessions provide the ability to establish variables – such as access rights and localization settings – which will apply to each and every interaction a user has with the web application for the duration of the session.

Applications which delegate authentication to FusionAuth may delegate session management to FusionAuth.

## The ChangeBank Scenario

Let's look at two applications, ChangeBank and ChangeBank Forum. ChangeBank is the application you can build when [working through a quickstart](/docs/get-started/quickstarts). It lets you make change given an amount of money. ChangeBank Forum is a web forum where people share their favorite stories and advice about coins and how change is made. Both applications delegate authentication to FusionAuth.

This guide will explore sessions and logging out functionality with these two example applications.

## Sessions Basics

Every session in FusionAuth is associated with all three of:

* a user (a person)
* an application
* a device or software running on a device

Here are examples that result in different sessions:

* Richard logs in to ChangeBank with the Chrome browser on his Windows PC. He gets session A.
* Richard logs in to ChangeBank with the Edge browser on his Windows PC. He gets session B.
* Richard logs in to the ChangeBank Forum with the Safari browser on his iPhone. He gets session C.
* Malia logs in to the ChangeBank Forum with the Safari browser on her iPhone. She gets session D.

Even though Richard is on one Windows PC, he gets both session A and session B because he used different browsers.

There are three types of sessions relevant to this guide:

* An **application session** is created after FusionAuth has authenticated a user, the application has completed the token exchange, and the user has been logged in to the application. The application almost always creates a session. How exactly this session works (a cookie, value stored in redis, or a database row) is specific to each web or mobile application.
* A **FusionAuth SSO session** is created when a user checks <InlineUIElement>Keep me signed in </InlineUIElement>, or when a custom theme hard codes that form value. This session is available only when using the [hosted login pages](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/integration-points#hosted-login-pages) and a browser or webview. It allows for transparent, automatic user authentication when a user moves between different web or mobile applications on the same device.
* A **centralized session** is a FusionAuth refresh token. It represents an application session that is managed by FusionAuth. This session can be read or revoked using the FusionAuth API. It is created by a user login. Both the hosted login pages or the Login API support this type of session.

When this guide refers to sessions without any of these prefixes, the relevant statement applies to all these types of sessions.

## Types Of Session Management

When considering session management with FusionAuth, first consider whether you need a centralized session store. Do you want your FusionAuth instance to keep track of sessions for each application? 

With centralized session management, you can:

* capture information about users' sessions across applications such as lifetime, device, or IP address
* log users out of application using the FusionAuth admin UI or the API 
* remove sessions with fine grained control according to business logic you write
* have different session lifetimes for applications, but manage those lifetimes in FusionAuth

The downside of centralized sessions is implementation complexity and more reliance on FusionAuth's APIs.

The alternative to centralized sessions is application managed sessions. These sessions are ended with [Front-Channel Logout](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#logout) rather than the API. With application managed sessions, FusionAuth doesn't keep track of session lifetime or other characteristics. Instead, FusionAuth relies on the applications to manage each session. 

With application managed sessions, you:

* will have no values will appear on the <Breadcrumb>Sessions</Breadcrumb> tab under the user details screen in the admin UI, except perhaps the FusionAuth SSO session
* cannot use the API to view or manage application sessions
* won't have any control over timeouts; they are managed by each application and will need to be configured there
* cannot revoke application sessions via the API, though you will still be able to request revocation

### Choosing A Session Management Approach

Here's a table outlining major differences between centralized sessions and application managed sessions.

| Feature | Centralized Sessions | Application Managed Sessions | 
| -------- | ------- | ------- |
| Level of effort | Medium | Low |
| Revoke sessions across all applications in a tenant on logout | Yes | Yes |
| Revoke sessions for one application on logout | Yes | Yes |
| Revoke sessions for more than one and fewer than all applications on logout | Yes | No |
| Fine grained session revocation, including via API | Yes | No | 
| Precise control of session timeout | Yes | No | 
| Central view of sessions in FusionAuth | Yes | No | 
| Call to FusionAuth required each time a user interacts with your application | Yes | No | 
| Works with FusionAuth SSO, including revocation | Yes | Yes |
| Works with non browser based applications, such as APIs | Yes | No |
| Session revocation webhooks available | Yes | No |
| Can be used without using the hosted login pages | Yes | No |

Let's examine each of these approaches in more detail.

## Centralized Sessions

This section documents how to implement a centralized session store using FusionAuth. Let's use the example ChangeBank and ChangeBank Forum applications mentioned above.

### Implementation Steps

* Make sure to set up the ChangeBank and ChangeBank Forum Applications are correctly configured inside FusionAuth. The Application has the <InlineField>Refresh token</InlineField> checkbox toggled in the <InlineUIElement>Enabled Grants</InlineUIElement> section. The <InlineField>Generate refresh tokens</InlineField> setting must be enabled too.
![Configuration of an application to allow the Refresh grant to be used.](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/application-configuration-centralized-session-oauth.png)
* Each time you build the authorization URL, your `scope` parameter must include the following scopes: `offline_access`, which creates the refresh token and `openid`, which asks for an Id token. The authorization URL will therefore include this string: `&scope=openid%20offline_access`, since scopes are separated with a URL encoded space.
* In the ChangeBank and ChangeBank Forum applications, create an application session following your web or mobile app framework documentation.
* After the user is logged in, store the refresh token Id in the application session. The Id is available in the `sid` parameter in the Id token, or in the access token. Prefer the refresh token Id instead of the refresh token value, since the Id will not change even if the value of the token itself does. This can happen if you are using one-time refresh tokens.
  * You could also store the refresh token Id in a HttpOnly cookie instead of in a session.
* Whenever the ChangeBank or ChangeBank Forum application receives a request, call the [Retrieve Refresh Tokens API](/docs/apis/jwt#retrieve-refresh-tokens), using the stored refresh token Id, to check the status of the refresh token. You can call the REST API directly or using one of [the FusionAuth client libraries](/docs/sdks). If the refresh token doesn't exist or is invalid, deny the user access and invalidate the application session.
* When a user logs out from either the ChangeBank or ChangeBank Forum application, revoke the refresh token. Use the [Revoke Refresh Tokens API](/docs/apis/jwt#revoke-refresh-tokens). You can revoke all refresh tokens or just a few. The logic around revocation depends on your business needs. See [Flexible Revocation](#flexible-revocation) for more details.

You are using the refresh token to tie the ChangeBank and ChangeBank Forum applications to FusionAuth. Your applications are confirming session validity with FusionAuth each time a request is received.

### Flow Diagrams Of Common Use Cases

Let's look at some flow diagrams for these four use cases:

* a user logs into ChangeBank and then visits ChangeBank Forum
* a logged in user interacts with ChangeBank
* a user logs out of ChangeBank, which revokes all refresh tokens for that user
* tries to access ChangeBank Forum after logging out of ChangeBank

#### Login Request Flow

This is the flow of a user who logs in to both the ChangeBank and ChangeBank Forum applications who checks the <InlineUIElement>Keep me signed in</InlineUIElement> checkbox on the hosted login pages. The refresh token Id is stored in an application session.

```mermaid title="Centralized sessions login flow."
sequenceDiagram
    participant Browser
    participant cb as ChangeBank
    participant cbf as ChangeBank Forum
    participant FusionAuth
    Browser ->> cb : Request Home Page
    cb ->> cb : Check Session Existence
    cb ->> Browser : Redirect to FusionAuth Because There is No Valid ChangeBank Session
    Browser ->> FusionAuth : Request Login Page With offline_access Scope
    FusionAuth ->> Browser : Send Login Page
    Browser ->> FusionAuth : Send Credentials
    FusionAuth ->> FusionAuth : Verify Credentials
    FusionAuth ->> Browser : Redirects to ChangeBank Redirect URL
    Browser ->> cb : Requests Redirect URL
    cb ->> FusionAuth : Requests Token
    FusionAuth ->> FusionAuth : Verifies Token Request
    FusionAuth ->> cb : Sends Tokens
    cb ->> cb : Stores Refresh Token Id In Session
    cb ->> Browser : Redirects To Home Page
    Browser ->> cb : Requests Home Page
    cb ->> Browser : Sends Home Page
    Browser ->> cbf : Requests Home Page
    cbf ->> cbf : Check Session Existence
    cbf ->> Browser : Redirect to FusionAuth, No Valid ChangeBank Forum Session
    Browser ->> FusionAuth : Request Login Page With offline_access Scope
    FusionAuth ->> FusionAuth : Recognizes Device, No Login Needed
    FusionAuth ->> Browser : Redirects to ChangeBank Forum Redirect URL
    Browser ->> cbf : Requests Redirect URL
    cbf ->> FusionAuth : Requests Token
    FusionAuth ->> FusionAuth : Verifies Token Request
    FusionAuth ->> cbf : Sends Token
    cbf ->> cbf : Stores Refresh Token Id In Session
    cbf ->> Browser : Redirects To Application Page
    Browser ->> cbf : Request Application Page
    cbf ->> Browser : Send Application Page
```

#### Normal Request Flow

This is the flow of a user who has a valid ChangeBank application session and is interacting with the application. FusionAuth is consulted every request.

```mermaid title="Centralized sessions normal request flow."
sequenceDiagram
    participant Browser
    participant cb as ChangeBank
    participant FusionAuth
    Browser ->> cb : Request Home Page
    cb ->> cb : Check Application Session Existence
    cb ->> FusionAuth : Check Validity Of Refresh Token
    FusionAuth ->> cb : Refresh Token Valid
    cb ->> Browser : Sends Home Page
    Browser ->> cb : Request Calculate Change Page
    cb ->> cb : Check Application Session Existence
    cb ->> FusionAuth : Check Validity Of Refresh Token
    FusionAuth ->> cb : Refresh Token Valid
    cb ->> Browser : Sends Calculate Change Page
```

#### Logout Request Flow

This is the flow of a user who is logging out of ChangeBank.

```mermaid title="Centralized sessions logout flow."
sequenceDiagram
    participant Browser
    participant cb as ChangeBank
    participant cbf as ChangeBank Forum
    participant FusionAuth
    Browser ->> cb : View Home Page
    Browser ->> cb : Click Logout
    cb ->> FusionAuth: Revoke All Refresh Tokens
    cb ->> cb : Destroy Local Session
    cb ->> cb : Redirect To Logged Out Page
```

#### Request Flow With Invalid Centralized Session

Suppose a user has logged out of ChangeBank. They have had their refresh tokens revoked and thus their centralized sessions invalidated. But the ChangeBank Forum application still has a valid application session. This flow shows what happens when the user visits ChangeBank Forum.

```mermaid title="Centralized sessions with a request when sessions have been invalidated."
sequenceDiagram
    participant Browser
    participant cbf as ChangeBank Forum
    participant FusionAuth
    Browser ->> cbf : Request Home Page
    cbf ->> cbf : Check Application Session Existence
    cbf ->> FusionAuth : Check Validity Of Refresh Token
    FusionAuth ->> cbf : Refresh Token Invalid
    cbf ->> cbf : Kill Application Session
    cbf ->> Browser : Redirect To Login Page
```

### Checking Session Validity

With centralized sessions, on each request you must check whether the refresh token associated with the current device is valid. How you do that depends on your application, but one approach is to use middleware. 

Here's code adding middleware to an Express application.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/changebankforum/src/index.ts"}
  lang="ts"
  tags="redirectmiddleware"/>

`redirectFunction` is defined in a separate file. In this code the refresh token Id is stored as a cookie, but it could be stored in an application session. The code retrieves the Id of the refresh token and checks the validity. The check happens on every request, but you can ignore certain URLs, either by a full path or by path prefix.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/changebankforum/src/redirectMiddleware.js"}
  lang="ts"
  />

Using the API to check refresh token validity may not work, depending on your [session lifetime preferences](#timeouts-and-session-lifetimes).

If you want a rolling window of session validity, use the refresh token grant instead. This will extend the lifetime of the refresh token. It will also trigger a webhook if configured, which can be useful for [analytics](#session-analytics). You can discard the resulting JWT.

### Flexible Revocation

One of the strengths of centralized sessions is custom session invalidation logic. You can write code to control what refresh tokens are revoked when a logout request is processed.

Let's look at a scenario where custom session invalidation logic would be helpful. Consider these business requirements:

* When a user logs out of ChangeBank, they are also logged out of the ChangeBank Forum.
* When a user logs out of ChangeBank Forum, they are *not* logged out of ChangeBank. Just because someone doesn't want to talk about nickels and dimes doesn't mean they should be logged out of their main application.
* If a user logs out of ChangeBank on one device, they must be logged out from all their devices.
* If a user logs out of ChangeBank Forum, it only affects that particular device.

Here's example typescript code for the ChangeBank logout route, where all tokens for the user are revoked across all devices.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/changebank/src/index.ts"}
  lang="ts"
  tags="endsession"/>

Here's example code for the ChangeBank Forum logout route. Here only the refresh token whose Id was previously stored is revoked.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/changebankforum/src/index.ts"}
  lang="ts"
  tags="endsession"/>

It's not just the complex single user logout use case shown above that is supported. Since you can revoke refresh tokens from other applications using the SDKs and APIs, you can have custom session expiration logic. 

Examples include:

* When a [suspicious login](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/login/user-login-suspicious) occurs, you can revoke the refresh tokens for the affected user, and force them to re-authenticate. You can also [force them to MFA using step up auth](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/multi-factor-authentication#step-up-auth).
* Revoke the refresh tokens for all users in a group or with a custom user data value if any single user logs out.
* Enforce a schedule, and revoke access for users every Friday night, forcing them to log in weekly.
* When building or augmenting a customer service application, you can add a button to 'log the user out' in the user details screen. In fact, the FusionAuth admin UI provides this functionality. Here's a screenshot:
![User session details.](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/users-session-tab-centralized-session.png)

All of these are possible because your applications check in with FusionAuth, and FusionAuth provides programmatic control of the centralized sessions.

### Using The Login API

If you don't want to use the hosted login pages, but instead want to create your own user interface, use the [Login API](/docs/apis/login). You can create refresh tokens and use centralized sessions when users log in with the Login API.

To obtain refresh tokens, configure the Application to allow refresh tokens using the Login API. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Your Application -> Security</Breadcrumb>. Make sure the Application has the <InlineField>Enable JWT refresh</InlineField> checkbox toggled. The <InlineField>Generate refresh tokens</InlineField> setting must be enabled too. 

![Configuration of an application to allow the Login API to issue refresh tokens.](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/application-configuration-centralized-session-login-api.png)

Build the same refresh token validity check and revocation logic into the logout functionality of your application as shown above.

### Timeouts And Session Lifetimes

A centralized session can be created only by using the Login API, when configured as documented in [Using The Login API](#using-the-login-api), or by completing the [OAuth Authorization Code grant](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/#example-authorization-code-grant) with the `offline_access` scope requested. There is no API for creating a centralized session, though there is an [open GitHub issue](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1850).

A centralized session will end when:

* It expires.
* It is deleted using the [API or a corresponding SDK call](/docs/apis/jwt#revoke-refresh-tokens).
* Optionally, as a result of a user changing their password or having their account locked.

The timeout of refresh tokens are controlled at the Tenant level, under <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Your Tenant -> JWT</Breadcrumb>. In the <InlineUIElement>Refresh token settings</InlineUIElement>, there is a <InlineField>Duration</InlineField> field. Durations have a unit of minutes. The minimum lifetime of a centralized session is one minute. Timeouts can be overridden at the Application level if different web or mobile applications need different session durations.

The lifetime is controlled by the Tenant or Application refresh token expiration policy as well. Options include:

* have a fixed lifetime
* a lifetime which resets each time the refresh token is used
* a lifetime which resets on use up to a maximum duration

Please review the [Tenant API](/docs/apis/tenants) for more information about the policy and its options.

Ensure your application session timeout is longer than the timeout of the centralized session so you don't inadvertently log someone out before their centralized session expires.

### Testing Logins

If a user is repeatedly logging in and creating a refresh token, they should log out or revoke the tokens periodically. This behavior often happens in automated testing. 

The list of tokens is visible in the admin UI. Here's an example:

![User session details.](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/users-session-tab-centralized-session.png)

If the list of sessions is long in a production or QA context, you may not be appropriately revoking refresh tokens.

### But Aren't Refresh Tokens Used For Minting JWTs?

Yes. Yes they are.

But for FusionAuth, refresh tokens serve two purposes.

* Refresh tokens represent a user/device pair as a session.
* Refresh tokens can be used as RFC 6749 compatible refresh tokens for creating access tokens using the Refresh grant. These access tokens would then be presented to your APIs or servers for access.

#### JWTs And Sessions

You can use the JWTs generated by the authentication process as a distributed session for other applications. This is common practice with APIs and single-page applications (SPAs). This is an example of [decentralized API key authentication](/blog/securing-your-api).

JWTs represent a session to other services, but the refresh token represents the session within FusionAuth.

When you use JWTs in this way, you are making a tradeoff:

The JWT represents a decentralized session which can be stored by the client after authentication and presented to other services as proof that the user has authenticated. It is decentralized because [a JWT can be verified without consulting FusionAuth](/articles/tokens/building-a-secure-jwt#consuming-a-jwt). This means that FusionAuth isn't consulted when a service receives a JWT to determine if it is valid, which lowers the availability and performance requirements of FusionAuth.

On the other hand, because the JWT is decentralized, revocation of the session becomes difficult. There are [ways to offer JWT revocation](/articles/tokens/revoking-jwts), but they can be cumbersome. Revoking the refresh token eventually prevents access using a JWT, after the JWT expires.

### Working With The FusionAuth SSO Session

If you are using the FusionAuth SSO session as well as centralized sessions, you can delete it in two ways:

* deleting all the refresh tokens associated with a user
* redirecting the users the user to the Front-Channel Logout endpoint

In the latter case, you'll still need to revoke refresh tokens using the API, because the Front-Channel Logout does not revoke any other refresh tokens.

### Sample Project

Here's [an example application showing how to use centralized sessions](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-node-centralized-sessions). While this example focuses on two web apps, the centralized sessions approach is well suited to mobile apps, APIs, or non-browser based applications as well.

## Application Managed Sessions

Application managed sessions, the other main approach for session management in FusionAuth, are simpler. However, they don't offer centralized control of your users' sessions. Instead, with this approach, you delegate session management to each application.

### Implementation Steps

Let's discuss this in the context of the ChangeBank and ChangeBank Forum applications. To set up application managed sessions for these application:

* Write code which can log a user out when it receives a `GET` request. This code should destroy the application session. It should be idempotent because it may receive more than one request.
* Set the <InlineField>Logout URL</InlineField> for each application. This URL should point to the endpoint where the code you wrote is hosted. This value is configured under <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Your Application -> OAuth</Breadcrumb>.
* Configure each application's <InlineField>Logout behavior</InlineField> to be either <InlineUIElement>All applications</InlineUIElement> or <InlineUIElement>Redirect only</InlineUIElement>. This option controls the behavior when the user logs out. The former option logs the user out of all applications in a tenant by making a request to each application's configured <InlineField>Logout URL</InlineField>. The latter logs the user out of the single application for which the logout request was made.
* When a user logs out of either the ChangeBank or the ChangeBank Forum application, redirect the user's browser to the [Front-channel Logout endpoint](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#logout).

That's it.

With application managed sessions, users can be logged out of multiple applications, though the approach is less granular than that offered by centralized sessions. The Front-channel Logout endpoint will attempt to log the user out based on the <InlineField>Logout behavior</InlineField> value.

<Aside type="note">
If you are using application managed sessions and a user logs out of ChangeBank, but you don't route them through the Front-channel Logout endpoint, all other applications will be unaffected.

 In addition, if the user has a FusionAuth SSO session, the next time the user tries to log in, they'll be sent to FusionAuth which will **transparently log them in**, since they were never logged out of the FusionAuth SSO session.
</Aside>

If you want to review application managed sessions in more detail, the [single sign-on guide walks you through building an example application](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/single-sign-on).

Let's look at some example flows of a user logging into the ChangeBank and ChangeBank Forum applications.

### Flow Diagrams Of Common Use Cases

Let's look at some flow diagrams for these four use cases:

* a user logs into ChangeBank and then visits ChangeBank Forum
* a logged in user interacts with ChangeBank
* a user logs out of ChangeBank, which revokes all refresh tokens for that user
* tries to access ChangeBank Forum after logging out of ChangeBank

In these diagrams, the ChangeBank application is configured to log users out of all applications on logout. That is, <InlineField>Logout behavior</InlineField> is <InlineUIElement>All applications</InlineUIElement>.

#### Login Request Flow

This is the flow of a user who logs in to both the ChangeBank and ChangeBank Forum applications who checks the <InlineUIElement>Keep me signed in</InlineUIElement> checkbox on the hosted login pages.

```mermaid title="Application-managed sessions login flow."
sequenceDiagram
    participant Browser
    participant cb as ChangeBank
    participant cbf as ChangeBank Forum
    participant FusionAuth
    Browser ->> cb : Request Home Page
    cb ->> cb : Check Session Existence
    cb ->> Browser : Redirect to FusionAuth Because There is No Valid ChangeBank Session
    Browser ->> FusionAuth : Request Login Page
    FusionAuth ->> Browser : Send Login Page
    Browser ->> FusionAuth : Send Credentials
    FusionAuth ->> FusionAuth : Verify Credentials
    FusionAuth ->> Browser : Redirects to ChangeBank Redirect URL
    Browser ->> cb : Requests Redirect URL
    cb ->> FusionAuth : Requests Token
    FusionAuth ->> FusionAuth : Verifies Token Request
    FusionAuth ->> cb : Sends Token
    cb ->> Browser : Redirects To Home Page
    Browser ->> cb : Requests Home Page
    cb ->> Browser : Sends Home Page
    Browser ->> cbf : Requests Home Page
    cbf ->> cbf : Check Session Existence
    cbf ->> Browser : Redirect to FusionAuth, No Valid ChangeBank Forum Session
    Browser ->> FusionAuth : Request Login Page
    FusionAuth ->> FusionAuth : Recognizes Device, No Login Needed
    FusionAuth ->> Browser : Redirects to ChangeBank Forum Redirect URL
    Browser ->> cbf : Requests Redirect URL
    cbf ->> FusionAuth : Requests Token
    FusionAuth ->> FusionAuth : Verifies Token Request
    FusionAuth ->> cbf : Sends Token
    cbf ->> Browser : Redirects To Application Page
    Browser ->> cbf : Request Application Page
    cbf ->> Browser : Send Application Page
```

If you don't have the <InlineUIElement>Keep me signed in </InlineUIElement> checked, then the user will be prompted to authenticate every time they are sent to FusionAuth. There will be no [FusionAuth SSO session](#fusionauth-sso). 

#### Normal Request Flow

This is the flow of a user who has a valid ChangeBank application session and is interacting with the application. FusionAuth receives no requests.

```mermaid title="Application-managed sessions normal requests flow."
sequenceDiagram
    participant Browser
    participant cb as ChangeBank
    participant FusionAuth
    Browser ->> cb : Request Home Page
    cb ->> cb : Check Application Session Valid
    cb ->> Browser : Sends Home Page
    Browser ->> cb : Request Calculate Change Page
    cb ->> cb : Check Application Session Valid
    cb ->> Browser : Sends Calculate Change Page
```

#### Request Flow With Invalid Application Session

This is the flow when an application session expires. The user is then sent to FusionAuth. However, FusionAuth still has a valid SSO session, so the user is logged in without interaction.

```mermaid title="Application managed sessions when the application session is invalid, but the SSO session is still valid."
sequenceDiagram
    participant Browser
    participant cb as ChangeBank
    participant FusionAuth
    Browser ->> cb : Request Home Page
    cb ->> cb : Check Application Session Valid
    cb ->> cb : Session Invalid
    cb ->> Browser : Redirect to FusionAuth Because There is No Valid ChangeBank Session
    Browser ->> FusionAuth : Request Login Page
    FusionAuth ->> FusionAuth : Recognizes Device, No Login Needed
    FusionAuth ->> Browser : Redirects to ChangeBank Redirect URL
    Browser ->> cb : Requests Redirect URL
    cb ->> FusionAuth : Requests Token
    FusionAuth ->> FusionAuth : Verifies Token Request
    FusionAuth ->> cb : Sends Token
    cb ->> Browser : Redirects To Home Page
    Browser ->> cb : Request Home Page
    cb ->> Browser : Send Home Page
```

#### Logout Request Flow

This is the flow of a user who is logging out of ChangeBank.

```mermaid title="Application-managed sessions logout flow."
sequenceDiagram
    participant Browser
    participant cb as ChangeBank
    participant cbf as ChangeBank Forum
    participant FusionAuth
    Browser ->> cb : Request Home Page
    Browser ->> cb : Click Logout
    cb ->> cb : Destroy Local Session
    cb ->> Browser : Redirect to FusionAuth Front-Channel Logout URL
    Browser ->> FusionAuth : Request Logout
    FusionAuth ->> FusionAuth : Destroy FusionAuth Session
    FusionAuth ->> cbf : Request Configured Logout URL
    cbf ->> cbf : Destroy Local Session
    FusionAuth ->> Browser : Redirect to Configured Logout URL
```

### Timeouts And Session Lifetimes

With this approach, each application manages session timeouts, including idle timeouts.

FusionAuth has no information about each application session duration, current status, or devices attached.

### Redirecting Users On Logout

Adding a `post_logout_redirect_uri` parameter to the [Front-Channel Logout endpoint](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#logout) request allows you to send different users to different logout pages. 

Each URL that might be added as a value must be included in the Application's <InlineField>Authorized redirect URLs</InlineField> list. [Learn more about adding URLs to that list.](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications#oauth).

Let's look at a scenario where this would be useful. Suppose you have three tiers of users in the ChangeBank application:

* Enterprise
* Premium
* Free

After a user has logged out, you need to send them to a different page based on their tier. Create these URLs, make sure they display different messages, and register them as authorized redirect URLs.

* `https://example.com/logout/thank-you-so-much` for the enterprise customers, where you thank them profusely for using your software.
* `https://example.com/logout/thanks` for the premium customers, where you thank them.
* `https://example.com/logout/consider-paying-us` for the free tier customers, where you thank them but also try to upsell them.

Then, in the code which generates the logout URL, you add the correct value as a `post_logout_redirect_uri`. Make sure you escape the URL. The user will then be sent to the appropriate thank you page.

For example, suppose FusionAuth is running at `https://auth.example.com`, the ChangeBank application has a client Id of `e9fdb985-9173-4e01-9d73-ac2d60d1dc8e`, and the user is a premium user. The logout URL would be: `https://auth.example.com/oauth2/logout?client_id=e9fdb985-9173-4e01-9d73-ac2d60d1dc8e&post_logout_redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fexample.com%2Flogout%2Fthanks`.

### Working With Centralized Sessions

The code at the <InlineField>Logout URL</InlineField> which has to terminate the application session can also make API calls and revoke FusionAuth refresh tokens. Doing so lets you combine this approach with centralized sessions.

### Sample Project

Here's [two example web apps with application managed sessions](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-node-sso/).

## FusionAuth SSO

In [Types of Sessions](#types-of-session-management), you learned about the FusionAuth SSO Session. This section will discuss it in more depth. The FusionAuth SSO session is managed by FusionAuth.

This session can be bootstrapped from an access token if you are using the Login APIs, but is more typically used with the hosted login pages. The rest of this doc, except the [Bootstrapping SSO](#bootstrapping-sso) section, assumes you are using the FusionAuth SSO session with the hosted login pages.

You can use FusionAuth with or without the FusionAuth SSO session. If you do not use this session, users must authenticate every time their application session expires or if they switch to a different application.

To enable the SSO session, set the `rememberDevice` parameter on the login page to `true`. This is the <InlineUIElement>Keep me signed in </InlineUIElement> checkbox in the default theme. This value can be set by an end user checking a checkbox or it can be a hidden field in the login form.

To customize the lifetime for this session, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Your Tenant -> OAuth</Breadcrumb>. The <InlineUIElement>Session Timeout</InlineUIElement> must be a positive integer. The unit is seconds. Since the FusionAuth SSO session lets users log into every application in a tenant, there is no application level override of the SSO session duration.

<Aside type="note">
In this context, SSO or single sign-on, is the ability of a user to switch between different applications without authenticating each time. It is accomplished by delegating authentication to FusionAuth. [Here's a guide walking through this functionality in more detail](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/single-sign-on).

FusionAuth SSO is not the same concept as a single sign-on to Google, Facebook, or another external identity provider. Such functionality, also called federation, is handled in FusionAuth by [Identity Providers](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/).
</Aside>

When the `rememberDevice` value is `true`, FusionAuth creates a session for the user **within FusionAuth**. When the same device visits the hosted login pages and has a valid SSO session, the user is transparently logged in. They'll be sent to the requested application redirect URL with an authorization code. This code can be exchanged for a token.

This transparent authentication flow follows the same process and rules as any other authentication in FusionAuth. These include but are not limited to:

* If an application requires the user to be registered and they are not, they'll be presented with an error screen.
* If an application requires email verification and the user has not completed such a verification, they'll be prompted to do so.

Only if all the authentication conditions are met will the authentication be truly transparent.

### Session Timeouts and Lifetime

The FusionAuth SSO session allows transparent authentication on one browser or device until one of the following happens:

* the SSO session expires
* the user is logged out by being sent to the Front-Channel logout endpoint
* the refresh token representing the FusionAuth SSO session is revoked via an API call or the admin UI 

<Aside type="note">
Previous to version 1.52, setting the SSO session to a low value and enabling other post authentication workflows such as an OAuth consent screen could cause a login workflow to be restarted. See the [release notes for version 1.53.0](/docs/release-notes/#version-1-53-0) for more details.
</Aside>

<SessionsExpiration />

### Disabling FusionAuth SSO

If you don't want FusionAuth SSO to be enabled, set the `rememberDevice` parameter to `false` in the login page. In this case, there will be no SSO session. You can also set the <InlineUIElement>Session Timeout</InlineUIElement> to zero. 

You can selectively disable the FusionAuth SSO session. For example, suppose you have five applications which delegate authentication to FusionAuth. If four of the applications are consumer facing, but the fifth is an internal business application, you might want to let users transparently log in between the consumer facing apps, but not the business app.

Options to implement this behavior include:

* Place the business application in a separate FusionAuth tenant. Now your users need to manage two separate logins and there might be credential drift. You can work around this by having users who need access to both the business application and the consumer facing applications use the same Identity Provider to log in across tenants.
* Require registration for the business application and turn off self-service registration for that application. Then you'll need to add a registration for all users who need access to the business application manually or using the API.

### Bootstrapping SSO

<BootstrappingSSO />

## Session Analytics
 
For application managed sessions, there are minimal analytics available, as FusionAuth only captures information about the login. This is available via the [Search Login Records API](/docs/apis/login#search-login-records).

FusionAuth has prebuilt session visibility when using centralized session management. View current sessions for a user by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Users -> A User</Breadcrumb> in the administrative user interface. Then look at the <Breadcrumb>Sessions</Breadcrumb> tab.

![User session details.](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/users-session-tab-centralized-session.png)

If you need more in-depth insights into sessions, set up webhooks for:

* [User login](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/login/user-login-success), sent when a session is created.
* [Refresh Token use](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/jwt/jwt-refresh), sent when a session is extended. 
* [Refresh Token revocation](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/jwt/jwt-refresh-token-revoke), sent when a session is revoked.

These events can be stored and correlated based on the user Id to generate statistics around the average duration of a session, data attributes, or number of sessions.

## Standards Based Logout Mechanisms

### Front-channel Logout

Front-channel logout lets server-side code end a user's session using the user's browser.

FusionAuth implements [OIDC Front-Channel Logout](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#logout).

### Back-channel Logout

Back-channel logout lets server-side code end a user's session via a direct server-to-server call, without requiring the user's browser.

FusionAuth does not implement [OIDC Back-Channel Logout](https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-backchannel-1_0.html), though there is [an open GitHub issue for it](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/465).

If you are using [centralized sessions](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/logout-session-management#centralized-sessions), you can implement server-to-server session revocation by revoking all the refresh tokens for a user.

How you revoke the tokens depends on what you have access to.

* If you have the refresh token value for a user, use the [`/api/logout` endpoint](/docs/apis/login#logout-a-user) with the `global` parameter set to `true`.
* If you have the user Id, use the [`/api/jwt/refresh`](/docs/apis/jwt#revoke-refresh-tokens) endpoint.

See the linked API documentation for authentication requirements and other details for these APIs.

## Other Ways To Logout

While refresh token revocation, calling the <InlineField>Logout URL</InlineField> and using the Front-Channel Logout are the main ways of logging a user out of FusionAuth, there are some other options too.

### SAML Single Logout

If you are using FusionAuth as a [SAML IdP](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/saml) you can also enable SAML Single Logout. FusionAuth will then work with off the shelf commercial applications which support the [SAMLv2 Single Logout profile](http://docs.oasis-open.org/security/saml/Post2.0/sstc-saml-tech-overview-2.0-cd-02.html#5.3.Single%20Logout%20Profile|outline).

Learn more about configuring [SAML Single Logout here](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/saml#logout-request).

### Logging Out Of Identity Providers

FusionAuth does not support logging the user out of Identity Providers. In other words, if someone logs in using a [Google Identity Provider](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/google), then logs out of FusionAuth, they won't be logged out of Google.

This is typically the behavior you want.

If you want users logged out of the Identity Provider, a workaround, if the Identity Provider has a well known logout endpoint, is to add that as a `post_logout_redirect_uri` and send the user's browser there after they've logged out of FusionAuth.

This only works if you know the user logged in with that Identity Provider, which is currently available on the login success webhook. So you'd have to capture that to build the correct `post_logout_redirect_uri`.

### Logging Out Of The Account Application

<AccountLogout />

### The `/api/logout` Endpoint

You can use the [`/api/logout` endpoint](/docs/apis/login#logout-a-user) in certain circumstances.

This is designed for situations where you store the refresh token in a cookie and want to revoke it from the client without an API key.

To invalidate all refresh tokens for a user, set the `global` parameter to `true`.

## Other Resources

* The [Device Limiting guide](/docs/extend/examples/device-limiting) discusses sessions as well.
* The [Applications Core Concepts](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications) covers many of these settings.
* The [Front-Channel Logout Endpoint](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#logout) documents this form of logout.
* The [Single Sign-on guide](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/single-sign-on) discusses FusionAuth SSO session usage in detail.

# Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)

import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import EnterprisePlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_enterprise-plan-blurb.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import RecoveryCodesBlurb from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/_recovery-codes-blurb.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import MfaMigration from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/_mfa-migration.mdx';
import MfaTroubleshooting from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/_mfa-troubleshooting.mdx';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';
import StaticPatchNote from 'src/content/docs/sdks/_static-patch-note.mdx';

<YouTube id="GM2JPTu-EE4" />

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) makes authentication more secure by requiring multiple methods of identification, known as **factors**. Users can use specific methods to verify these factors, including passwords, codes sent over email, SMS, and time-based one time passwords (TOTP).

**Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)** is the practice of requiring two factors of authentication for a login. 2FA typically combines a password with any other factor.

In FusionAuth, you can implement MFA for login and **step-up authentication**, a feature that requires users to authenticate before accessing sensitive parts of an application, such as an administrator dashboard or a password change UI.

## MFA Workflow

Fusionauth applies MFA as follows:

1. User signs in
1. FusionAuth checks tenant and user settings
1. If policy or context requires, prompt for MFA code
1. Validate code
1. Continue login or step-up flow

## Supported Methods

FusionAuth currently supports the following factors:

* Time-based one-time passwords (TOTP) using an application such as Google Authenticator (free with Community plan)
* [Email MFA](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/two-factor-email) (requires paid plan)
* [SMS MFA](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/two-factor-sms), including Twilio (requires paid plan)

## Tenant MFA Settings (Enable methods, policies, templates)

Before users can use an MFA method, you must explicitly enable MFA methods for each tenant. This includes configuring email templates and SMS messengers. If you are using hosted login pages or the login API, enable your preferred allowed MFA methods on the tenant. If you are only using step-up auth, on the other hand, you do not have to enable any tenant MFA methods.

The tenant configuration also sets the default multi-factor policy. The policy controls when MFA is required.

In the image below, this tenant has all FusionAuth supported methods enabled:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/tenant-settings-mfa.png" alt="Configuring allowed MFA methods on the tenant." width="1200" />

Please see the [Tenant configuration documentation for more information](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenants#multi-factor).

For configuring [message templates (for SMS/email codes)](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/message-templates), see the Message Templates documentation.

[Review tenant concepts and where MFA defaults live.](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenants)

## Application-Level MFA Settings (Overrides & requirements)

<EnterprisePlanBlurb />

You can override some MFA configuration settings at the application level.
For instance, if you have one application that is used by your administrators, you might want to require MFA. For another application used by your customers, you might want to disable MFA.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/application-settings-mfa.png" alt="Configuring allowed MFA methods on the application." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Please see the [Application configuration documentation for more information](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications#multi-factor).

[See application settings that affect MFA.](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications)

## Enable MFA for a User

Once you've configured tenant settings, enable one or more MFA methods on a user. Doing this will require the user to present the additional factor of proof whenever they log in.

Since this involves sharing secrets and verifying possession of email accounts or mobile phones, you cannot enable MFA for a different user using the FusionAuth administrative user interface.

You can, however, enable MFA on your own account using the administrative user interface.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/self-enable-mfa.png" alt="Using the administrative user interface to enable MFA for your own account." width="1200" />

There are three options to allow users to enable multi-factor authentication on their account:

* If you have a paid plan, users may use the self service account management feature to enable MFA for their accounts. [Learn more about that option here](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/).
* You may enable MFA directly using the [User API](/docs/apis/users).
* You can build your own MFA user interface, allowing end users to enable MFA.

### Directly Enable MFA for another User

To directly enable MFA for a user, update their user object with one or more MFA methods:

1. Retrieve user object
1. Add MFA method to `twoFactor.methods` array
1. Update user via PATCH request
1. Verify MFA is enabled

```shell title="Adding MFA methods to a user directly"
API_KEY=...

curl -XPATCH -H 'Content-type: application/json' -H "Authorization: $API_KEY" \
'https://localhost.fusionauth.io/api/user/00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000004' \
-d '{
  "user": {
    "twoFactor": {
      "methods": [{
        "method": "email",
        "email": "dinesh@aol.com"
      }, {
        "method": "email",
        "email": "dinesh@gmail.com"
      }]
    }
  }
}'
```

You are using `PATCH` for `twoFactor` array; doing so multiple times adds to the array each time (rather than setting it to exactly what you provided in the API call). [Learn more about `PATCH` options.](/docs/apis/#the-patch-http-method)

If adding a TOTP factor, make sure you capture the secret and convey it to the user so they may enter it into their authenticator application.

There is no confirmation step when using this approach, so if an email address or phone number is incorrect, the user will never see the code sent.

You can read more about updating a user in the [User API docs](/docs/apis/users).

### Build Your Own Interface

If building your own user interface, these are the steps to take with the API:

* If using TOTP, optionally generate a shared secret to present to the user
* If using a message based MFA method, send a code to the user
* Build a page to accept that code and enable MFA

#### Optionally Generate a Shared Secret

This is needed if you are using TOTP. For any other MFA method, skip this section.

Additionally, using this API is not required as you may build your own secret. The API is provided for your convenience only.

```shell title="Generate a Shared Secret Sample Curl Script"
API_KEY=...

curl -XGET -H "Authorization: $API_KEY" 'https://local.fusionauth.io/api/two-factor/secret'
```

Here's a sample response:

<JSON title="Generate a Shared Secret Response JSON" src="two-factor/secret/response.json" />

You must present the shared secret to the user for TOTP MFA. This can be presented as a QR code or a string of digits to enter into an application such as Google Authenticator or Authy.

Unless you are using the self service account management, you'll have to build this interface for your application.

#### Optionally Send a Code to the User For Message-Based MFA

For email and SMS methods, send a code to the user using the Send API. If you are using TOTP, skip this section.

```shell title="Send a Code Sample Curl Script"
API_KEY=...
REQUEST_PAYLOAD='{...}'

curl -XPOST -H 'Content-type: application/json' -H "Authorization: $API_KEY" 'https://local.fusionauth.io/api/two-factor/send' -d $REQUEST_PAYLOAD
```

<JSON title="Send a Code Sample Curl Script Request JSON" src="two-factor/send/enable-userId-request.json" />

This API call will send a unique code to the user using the method specified.

The lifetime and length of this code can be configured by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Your Tenant -> Advanced</Breadcrumb> and modifying the <InlineField>Two-Factor One Time Code</InlineField> settings.

#### Collect the Code

Once the code has been sent or the secret shared, accept the code from the user. Unless you are using the self service account management, you'll have to build this page in your application.

With message based MFA methods, the user enters the code they've been sent. In the case of TOTP, they configure the application with the shared secret, then enter the code displayed by their application.

After your application has the code, enable MFA for this user with this API call. You must specify the method the code is associated with.

```shell title="Enable MFA Sample Curl Script for the Email Method"
API_KEY=...
USER_ID=...
REQUEST_PAYLOAD='{...}'

curl -XPOST -H 'Content-type: application/json' -H "Authorization: $API_KEY" 'https://local.fusionauth.io/api/user/two-factor/'$USER_ID -d $REQUEST_PAYLOAD
```

<JSON title="Enable MFA for the Email Method Request JSON" src="two-factor/enable-email-request.json" />

### Verify MFA Is Enabled

If you view the user in the administrative user interface, you can see the user has an MFA method attached to their account:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/enabled-mfa.png" alt="The MFA settings in the user details view when the first MFA method has been enabled." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

At this point, the user will be prompted to provide another factor of authentication whenever they login. This is the default screen displayed if you are using the hosted login pages:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/code-sent-after-user-mfa-enabled.png" alt="The MFA prompt screen at login." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

### Add a Second Method

To enable TOTP based MFA, use a slightly different request body, which includes the code the user provides and the shared secret:

```shell title="Enable MFA Sample Curl Script for TOTP Method"
API_KEY=...
USER_ID=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000004
REQUEST_PAYLOAD='{...}'

curl -XPOST -H 'Content-type: application/json' -H "Authorization: $API_KEY" 'https://local.fusionauth.io/api/user/two-factor/'$USER_ID -d $REQUEST_PAYLOAD
```

<JSON title="Enable MFA for TOTP Method Request JSON" src="two-factor/enable-authenticator-request.json" />

Now that the user has two MFA methods associated with their account, the user is prompted to choose a method when logging in:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/authentication-challenge-multiple-factors.png" alt="MFA prompt screen at login with multiple factors enabled." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

In the administrative user interface, the user has a second MFA method attached to their account:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/enabled-second-factor.png" alt="The MFA settings in the user details view when a second MFA method has been enabled." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

By repeating this process, users can attach as many MFA methods of each type to their account as they wish.

### Recovery Codes

<RecoveryCodesBlurb />

## User Login Experience

Once multi-factor authentication is enabled for a user, they'll be required to provide the additional factor whenever they log in until [they disable MFA](#disabling-mfa-on-a-user).

### Hosted Login Pages

If you are using hosted login pages (learn more about ["hosted login pages"](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/integration-points#hosted-login-pages)), there are two MFA specific templates you'll want to modify.

* The "OAuth two-factor methods" template displays the page where a user may choose between various MFA methods.
* The "OAuth two-factor" template displays the page where a user enters an MFA code during login.

You'll also need to modify the [email or message templates](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/) if using email or SMS methods.

Here's an example of the default template when a user has one MFA method enabled.
By default, the code for the factor is sent, if applicable, and the user is prompted for the code.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/code-sent-after-user-mfa-enabled.png" alt="The user experience with one MFA method enabled." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Here's an example of the default template when a user has more than one MFA method enabled.
The user is then prompted to pick which method they'd like.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/authentication-challenge-multiple-factors.png" alt="MFA prompt screen at login with multiple factors enabled." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Learn more about themes and templates, including the variables available for each page, in the [themes documentation](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/).

### Build Your Own Screens

If you are not using the hosted login pages, you'll need to build your own pages using the Login API. In that case, you'll want to use the following flow:

* Start the login process
* Send the code
* Complete the login

Let's walk through each of these steps.

#### Log the User In

Build a page with a login form. Use the [Login API](/docs/apis/login) docs to call the API correctly.

```shell title="Log the User In Sample Curl Script"
API_KEY=...
REQUEST_PAYLOAD='{...}'

curl -XPOST -H 'Content-type: application/json' -H "Authorization: $API_KEY" 'https://local.fusionauth.io/api/login' -d $REQUEST_PAYLOAD
```

<JSON title="Log the User In Request JSON" src="login/request.json" />

If they have MFA enabled or MFA is required, your code will receive a `242` response status code. You'll also get JSON with a list of the user's methods:

<JSON title="Log the User In Response JSON When MFA Enabled" src="login/login-two-factor-response.json" />

Save the <InlineField>twoFactorId</InlineField> value as you'll need that later in the flow. Save the `methods` array to present to the user when they need to choose their preferred MFA method. Implement a screen letting a user choose this.

When they have chosen a method, send a code if they are using a message based MFA method.

#### Optionally Send a Code

This is only required if the user chooses a message based MFA method. Calling this API invalidates any other codes previously sent to the user.

```shell title="Send the Code Sample Curl Script"
API_KEY=...
REQUEST_PAYLOAD='{...}'
TWO_FACTOR_ID=... # from the login response

curl -XPOST -H 'Content-type: application/json' -H "Authorization: $API_KEY" 'https://local.fusionauth.io/api/two-factor/send?twoFactorId='$TWO_FACTOR_ID -d $REQUEST_PAYLOAD
```

<JSON title="Send the Code Request JSON" src="two-factor/send/twoFactorId-request.json" />

This sends an email because that is the MFA method corresponding to the provided `methodId`.

The email address to which the code is sent may be different from the `loginId` used, since the target email address for a MFA method need not be the same as the user's login Id.

#### Collect the Code and Complete the Login

Build a screen to collect the code. When you have it, complete the two factor login by calling the Login API:

```shell title="Complete the MFA Login Sample Curl Script"
API_KEY=...
REQUEST_PAYLOAD='{...}'

curl -XPOST -H 'Content-type: application/json' -H "Authorization: $API_KEY" 'https://local.fusionauth.io/api/two-factor/login' -d $REQUEST_PAYLOAD
```

<JSON title="Complete the MFA Login Request JSON" src="login/two-factor/request.json" />

You can pass a parameter to this request indicating you want to receive a `twoFactorTrustId`. That can then be provided at future logins to bypass the MFA process. Please consult the [Login API](/docs/apis/login) documentation for more on that.

[OAuth overview (challenge during login, tokens)](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/) provides more context on the OAuth flow with MFA.

## Step-Up Auth

Step-up authentication allows you to be extra certain that a user is who they say they are. You can use this in your application to protect sensitive actions, such as account deletion or sending money.

Step-up authentication is intertwined in your application in a way that normal login isn't. Only you know what type of actions require the additional certainty of a step-up. Therefore, you always need to implement a step-up by calling the FusionAuth APIs.

To use this:

* Check if MFA is required
* Start the step-up process
* Optionally send the code
* Collect the code and verify it

Here's a diagram showing this flow for a banking application which requires step-up auth before completing a transfer, but not when users view a balance. 

```mermaid title="Diagram of step-up auth when user selects a message based MFA method like email."
sequenceDiagram
    participant User
    participant app as Application
    participant FusionAuth
    User ->> app : View Bank Balance
    app ->> User : Show Bank Balance
    User ->> app : Transfer $1000
    app ->> FusionAuth : Check If Step Up Auth<br/>Required Via Two-Factor Status<br/>(API call)
    FusionAuth ->> app : Returns Step Up Auth Required
    app ->> FusionAuth : Start Step Up Auth (API call)
    FusionAuth ->> app : Returns List Of Methods
    app ->> User : Shows List Of Methods
    User ->> app : Selects Email MFA Method
    app ->> FusionAuth : Send Step Up Auth (API call)
    FusionAuth ->> User : Send Code Via Email
    User ->> User : Finds Code In Email
    User ->> app : Enters Code
    app ->> FusionAuth : Completes Step Up Auth<br/>(API call)
    FusionAuth ->> FusionAuth : Verifies Code
    FusionAuth ->> app : Returns Success
    app ->> app : Completes Transfer
    app ->> User : Shows Confirmation
```

You can also send information at the start of the step-up process and receive it at the end.

Let's walk through each of these steps.

### Check if MFA is Required

Before starting the step up process, determine if the user is required to complete MFA.

```shell title="Check MFA Requirement Sample Curl Script"
API_KEY=...
REQUEST_PAYLOAD='{...}'

curl -XPOST -H 'Content-type: application/json' -H "Authorization: $API_KEY" 'https://local.fusionauth.io/api/two-factor/status' -d "$REQUEST_PAYLOAD"
```

<Aside>
    The POST method of this endpoint was added in FusionAuth 1.62.0 and is preferred over the GET method because it allows specifying more details about the context of the request for MFA Lambdas to evaluate. See the [MFA Status API](/docs/apis/two-factor#retrieve-multi-factor-status) API documentation for more details.
</Aside>

<JSON title="Check MFA Requirement Request JSON" src="two-factor/status/request.json" />

Specify the `action` field as `stepUp` to indicate this is for step up auth. If a MFA Lambda is configured, it will be used to determine if MFA is required. If not, the default tenant and application policies will be used.

<JSON title="Check MFA Requirement Response JSON" src="two-factor/status/response.json" />

If MFA is required, a status code of `242` will be returned. If not, a status code of `200` will be returned, along with the JSON above, and the user can proceed with the sensitive action.

### Start the Process

Kick off the process using the start endpoint:

```shell title="Start a Step-Up MFA Flow Sample Curl Script"
API_KEY=...
REQUEST_PAYLOAD='{...}'

curl -XPOST -H 'Content-type: application/json' -H "Authorization: $API_KEY" 'https://local.fusionauth.io/api/two-factor/start' -d "$REQUEST_PAYLOAD"
```

<JSON title="Start a Step-Up MFA Flow Request JSON" src="two-factor/start/request.json" />

Specify a code if you don't want FusionAuth to generate one. You can also provide a `state` object containing JSON. This is returned to you after the step-up auth process completes, and can be useful to help the application return to its previous state after step-up authentication completes.

<JSON title="Start an MFA Flow Response JSON" src="two-factor/start/response-with-methods.json" />

Store the `twoFactorId` as you'll need that later. Present the user with the list of methods that they can choose.

When they select an MFA method, inspect it. If they choose a message based MFA method, you can send it with FusionAuth or send it via your own messaging.

If you provided your own code during the start API call, do not use FusionAuth to send that code. If you attempt to do so, FusionAuth will create a new code instead. If you provided your own code for the step-up authentication, send the code using your own delivery mechanism instead.

### Optionally Send the Code

This is only required if the user chooses a message based MFA method and you want to send the message with FusionAuth. Unlike with the login API, you don't have to send the code using this API with step-up authentication.

However, you need to get the code to the user somehow. The user doesn't even need to have MFA enabled within FusionAuth. You could, for example, build your own integration with a chat service like Slack and send the code to the user that way. Any out of band method, even [carrier pigeon](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1149), would work.

<Aside type="note">
Using this request will reset the code to a different value than any provided to the start API call.
</Aside>

```shell title="Send the Code Sample Curl Script"
API_KEY=...
REQUEST_PAYLOAD='{...}'
TWO_FACTOR_ID=... # from the /api/two-factor/start response

curl -XPOST -H 'Content-type: application/json' -H "Authorization: $API_KEY" 'https://local.fusionauth.io/api/two-factor/send?twoFactorId='$TWO_FACTOR_ID -d "$REQUEST_PAYLOAD"
```

<JSON title="Send the Code Request JSON" src="two-factor/send/twoFactorId-request.json" />

This call will send the user an email, because that is the specified method.

### Complete the Step-Up

Build a screen or page to collect the code. When you have it, complete the step-up by calling the Login API. This will return the user object if the provided code is valid. If the code is not valid, one of the other return codes documented in the [Login API](/docs/apis/login) will be returned.

```shell title="Complete the MFA Step-Up Sample Curl Script"
API_KEY=...
REQUEST_PAYLOAD='{...}'

curl -XPOST -H 'Content-type: application/json' -H "Authorization: $API_KEY" 'https://local.fusionauth.io/api/two-factor/login' -d "$REQUEST_PAYLOAD"
```

<JSON title="Complete the MFA Login Request JSON" src="login/two-factor/request.json" />

If you have a valid user object, full speed ahead with the sensitive action your application was protecting!

<JSON title="Example Valid User Object" src="login/two-factor/login-response.json" />

### State For Step-Up

As mentioned above, you can also store arbitrary data in the `state` field. This is provided by your application when you start the step-up process, and then returned after the end. This is useful in the following situations:

* Tracing a step-up auth request to a given interaction, such as a transaction id.
* Reconstituting the state of the application, such as displaying a modal, after a step-up display screen.
* Re-filling a multi-step form that you interrupted to display a step-up challenge.

[Contextual MFA](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/contextual-multi-factor) for more advanced step-up scenarios.

## Disable MFA on a User

Users may need to disable an MFA method. They may switch email addresses, change their phone number, or simply want to turn off MFA.

To disable MFA for a user, use one of the following options:

* If you have a paid plan, users may use the [self-service account management](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/) feature to disable MFA for their accounts. 
* You may remove MFA using the administrative user interface.
* You may disable MFA directly using the [User API](/docs/apis/users).
* You can build your own MFA user interface, allowing end users to disable MFA.

### Disable MFA in the Administrative User Interface

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Users -> The User</Breadcrumb> and manage the user. Then go to the <Breadcrumb>Multi-Factor</Breadcrumb> tab. Remove any of the MFA methods by clicking the red trash can icon and confirming the deletion:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/delete-factor-admin-view.png" alt="Delete an MFA method from the admin screen." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

A user may also remove an MFA method by using the self service account management (if you have a paid plan) by clicking the `-` link. [Learn more about that here.](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/)

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/user-self-serve-manage-factors.png" alt="Self service management of MFA methods." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

### Directly Disable MFA for a User

To do this, you'll need to update the `twoFactor` array.
In the below example, all methods are removed.
You could also remove just the ones with a method of `email` or one particular MFA method.

**Step-by-step disable process:**
1. Retrieve current user object
2. Modify twoFactor array (remove methods)
3. Update user via PUT request
4. Confirm MFA is disabled

```shell title="Deleting MFA methods from a user directly"
API_KEY=...

user=`curl -XGET -H "Authorization: $API_KEY" 'https://local.fusionauth.io/api/user/00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000004'`

# this empties out the twoFactor array. You can use any programming language to do this, this example uses jq
user_two_factor_removed=`echo $user| jq 'del(.[].twoFactor[])' -`

curl -XPUT -H 'Content-type: application/json' -H "Authorization: $API_KEY" 'https://sandbox.fusionauth.io/api/user/00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000004' -d "$user_two_factor_removed"
```

The reason you need to retrieve the user and modify the data then use `PUT` to update it, is [because of how `PATCH` handles arrays](/docs/apis/#the-patch-http-method).

### Build Your Own Interface

Building your interface allows you maximal control.
To disable MFA, you need to do the following:

* Optionally send the code
* Collect the code
* Call the disable MFA API

Typically, you need to send a code to the user first.
If they are using TOTP, this is optional.

#### Optionally Send a Code

This can be a code from one of the user's existing MFA methods or a recovery code.
To build this screen, you may need to present them with a list of available MFA methods. This is present on the user object.

If the user choose a message based MFA method, send them a code:

```shell title="Send a Code For Disabling MFA Sample Curl Script"
API_KEY=...
REQUEST_PAYLOAD='{...}'

curl -XPOST -H 'Content-type: application/json' -H "Authorization: $API_KEY" 'https://local.fusionauth.io/api/two-factor/send' -d $REQUEST_PAYLOAD
```

<JSON title="Send a Code For Disabling MFA Request JSON" src="two-factor/send/disable-userId-request.json" />

This will send a code using the method specified. If a user is using a TOTP method or a recovery code, skip this.

#### Collect the Code

You'll need to build a page to collect the code.
This will be part of your application.

For message based MFA methods, this will be a code you sent.
For TOTP MFA, this will be a code provided by an authenticator application.

#### Disable MFA

When you have the code, you can then call the disable API.

```shell title="Send a Code For Disabling MFA Sample Curl Script"
API_KEY=...
USER_ID=...
CODE=...
METHOD_ID=...

curl -XDELETE -H "Authorization: $API_KEY" 'http://localhost:9011/api/user/two-factor/'$USER_ID'?&code='$CODE'&methodId='$METHOD_ID
```

If this returns successfully, the MFA method has been removed from the user. If all MFA methods are removed from the user, they will no longer be prompted to provide additional factors at login.

<Aside type="note">
When you use a recovery code to disable MFA, it removes all the MFA methods for a given user and invalidates all the other recovery codes.
</Aside>

## Resend Codes

You can resend codes using message based MFA methods by calling the send API.

You may need to do this because a user requests it. For example, if a user initially requests to get a code to be sent to an email address, then realizes they really want to MFA with their mobile phone, your application may call the send endpoint twice.

Calling the send endpoint sends a new code but also invalidates all other codes associated with this MFA request.

## Recovery Codes

<RecoveryCodesBlurb />

## Trust Tokens and Trust Challenges

Changing a password when 2FA is enabled requires a trust token. To obtain this token of trust, you can complete a two factor workflow. This is to ensure that anyone who has MFA enabled and tries to change their password also has the additional factor of authentication, which provides a higher level of assurance.

When using the hosted login pages, you don't need to worry about this. If you are building your own MFA integration, however, read on.

For example, to change a password, you need to do the following:

* Request `/api/two-factor/start`. You get the `twoFactorId` and a `code`.
* Request `/api/two-factor/login`. Send in the `twoFactorId` and the `code` returned from the previous call. You'll get a `trustToken`.

This is an overview of the process. [See the API docs for all parameters for these API calls](/docs/apis/two-factor).

Now you have the `trustToken` required to perform a trusted action, such as changing your password while MFA is enabled. But this trust token could be stolen and used by someone else.

In order to offer a higher level of security, you can provide a `trustChallenge` when you start the MFA process. Using one binds the challenge and the token. You can't use the `trustToken` without the corresponding `trustChallenge`.

If you do not provide a `trustChallenge` when you begin the MFA workflow, you do not need to provide anything other than the `trustToken` to access a trusted endpoint such as the Change Password API.

If, on the other hand, you want to use a `trustChallenge`, do the following to get the `trustToken`:

* Request `/api/two-factor/start`. Send a `trustChallenge`. You can provide any value, but it is best practice to make it long and random. You get the `twoFactorId` and a `code`.
* Request `/api/two-factor/login`. Send in the `twoFactorId` and the `code` returned from the previous call. You'll get a `trustToken`.

This is an overview of the process. [See the API docs for all parameters for these API calls](/docs/apis/two-factor).

Now you have the `trustToken` required to perform a trusted action, such as changing your password while MFA is enabled.

In this situation, when using the `trustToken` on the [Change Password API](/docs/apis/users#change-a-users-password), because you provided a `trustChallenge` on the `/api/two-factor/start` step, the same value must be provided as well as the `trustToken` to successfully use the `trustToken` and complete the privileged operation.

## Migration from Version 1.25 and Earlier

To migrate from the Two-Factor Authentication APIs provided in FusionAuth 1.25 or earlier, you'll need to think about the following aspects:

* Your plan
* Your data
* Your code

### Your Plan

If you do not have a paid FusionAuth plan, you have the Community plan. [Learn more about the various plans](/pricing). Due to the complexity of the new MFA implementation, SMS based MFA is no longer part of the Community plan as it was before version 1.26.

Therefore if you want to use message based MFA in a version of FusionAuth after 1.25, you must purchase a paid license.

Google Authenticator and time based one-time password MFA continue to work in the Community plan. TOTP MFA has been improved and you can now add multiple authenticator devices to one user account.

### Your Data

If you used the Two Factor API previously, your data should be migrated transparently when you run the SQL migration.

The migrated data includes:

{/*  TBD link to messenger configuration docs when done */}
* Whether or not each user has MFA enabled
* Existing Twilio settings which will be converted to the new messenger configuration
* TOTP configuration

If you find your data has not migrated correctly, [please file an issue](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-issues/issues) and let us know. If you have a plan which includes support, please [file a ticket](https://account.fusionauth.io/account/support/).

### Your Code

Modifying your code depends on what MFA methods you were using. To enable MFA on a user in the new system:

* Ensure the MFA method is allowed on the tenant.
* Ensure the Twilio messenger is set up correctly if you are using that.
* Instead of using the <InlineField>delivery</InlineField> field, use the <InlineField>method</InlineField> field and the corresponding method specific field such as <InlineField>email</InlineField>.

To disable MFA on a user:

* In addition to passing the <InlineField>userId</InlineField> and <InlineField>code</InlineField> fields, you also need to determine the method to disable and pass the appropriate <InlineField>methodId</InlineField> field.

When sending a code, Twilio SMS was previously your only choice. The send API is now more complicated and requires different parameters for enabling or disabling MFA on a user than sending a code for step-up authentication or a login.

To migrate this functionality:

* Ensure the MFA method is allowed on the tenant.
* Ensure the Twilio messenger is set up correctly if you are using that.
* Review the [API](/docs/apis/two-factor) and call the send endpoint with the correct parameters.

## Integrate Other MFA Methods (Generic messenger, webhooks)

If you have other MFA methods that you'd like to use with FusionAuth, you have a few options:

* [Check out the roadmap guidance](/docs/operate/roadmap) to see if your desired method is going to be added soon. If not, the roadmap documents various ways you can request a new feature.
* If you can identify a user using their phone number and can set up a small application to process JSON requests from FusionAuth, you may use a [custom Generic Messenger](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/generic-messenger) to send a code as a second factor. This works well with transports like SMS or any other messaging protocol.
* If you can send a code out of band, you may use step-up authentication to protect all the pages in your system. As soon as a user logs in, require step-up auth. Users don't have to have MFA enabled to use step-up.
* If your additional factor can receive a webhook, configure your webhooks to be transactional and send one on login. The service can then perform the MFA check, perhaps doing something like fingerprint recognition. If any status other than `200` is returned, the login will fail. The downside of this approach is that the message to the end user won't be helpful, and that MFA will be required on every login. Here is an [example of a webhook stopping a login](/blog/locking-an-account-with-breached-password).
* Use the [Login API](/docs/apis/login) and build custom login flows, inserting your custom MFA functionality where needed.
* Set up an OpenID Connect server with the required MFA functionality. Then set up an [Identity Provider](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/) that delegates to that OIDC server. Add a [Login Validation Lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/login-validation) so that this Identity Provider is the only login option.

[Authentication workflows overview (where MFA appears in end-to-end flows)](/articles/login-authentication-workflows/) provides comprehensive guidance on integrating MFA into your authentication architecture.

## Migrate MFA Methods From a Different System

<MfaMigration />

## Enforce or Require MFA (Login policy & contextual checks)

There are times when you might want to force a user to provide an additional factor of authentication before they ever get access to your application.
For example, you might require MFA when a user logs into an accounting application, but not when they log in to a customer support application.

In FusionAuth, this is controlled by the Login Policy setting. This can be configured at the tenant level, or, if you have the Enterprise plan, at the application level. There are three values for any tenant login policy:

* Enabled
* Disabled
* Required

When the login policy is `Enabled`, a two-factor challenge will be required during login when a user has configured one or more two-factor methods.

When the login policy is `Disabled`, even when a user has one or more two-factor methods configured, a two-factor challenge will not be required during login.

When the login policy is `Required`, a two-factor challenge will be required during login. If a user does not have configured two-factor methods, they will not be able to log in.

You can learn more about the logic behind MFA challenges in the [Contextual Multi-Factor](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/contextual-multi-factor) documentation.

### Alternate Methods

If login policies aren't flexible enough for you, you can add [step-up authentication](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/multi-factor-authentication#step-up-auth) to your application.
Each time the user accesses a sensitive part of an application, you can require a step-up, which will force them to provide an additional factor.

## Troubleshooting

<MfaTroubleshooting />

### Additional Common Issues

**Codes aren't arriving (SMS or email):**
- Check [tenant/app messenger + template configuration](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/message-templates) and [verify email/SMS delivery settings](/docs/customize/email-and-messages#troubleshooting)
- Verify [user-facing SMS factor setup steps](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/two-factor-sms) and resend behavior

**Users stuck logged in / sign-out doesn't clear MFA prompts:**
- Confirm full sign-out across apps with [Logout & Session Management](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/logout-session-management) (IdP session vs app session)

**Where do I let end users add/remove factors themselves?**
- Point admins and users to [Self-Service Account Management](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/) (enrollment, removal, logout link)

**MFA is forced for IdP users:**
- [Why MFA triggers with external IdPs and how to adjust policy](/community/forum/topic/2653/mfa-is-forced-also-on-identity-provider-users)

**Require MFA for admin portal access:**
- Configure tenant-level MFA requirements for administrative access

**Enable MFA for all users or certain projects (Essentials plan):**
- [See community discussion on enabling MFA for specific projects](/community/forum/topic/3025/enabling-mfa-for-all-users-or-specific-projects-in-fusionauth-essentials-plan)

### Related Articles
- [What is MFA? article](/articles/authentication/multi-factor-authentication)
- [Combine SSO + MFA article](/articles/authentication/combine-sso-mfa-fusionauth)
- [MFA compliance article](/articles/authentication/mfa-compliance-fusionauth)

# OAuth DPoP

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import EnterprisePlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_enterprise-plan-blurb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import TokenStorageOptionsTable from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_token-storage-options.mdx';

<EnterprisePlanBlurb />

Demonstrating Proof-of-Possession (DPoP) is an application-level mechanism for sender-constraining OAuth 2.0 Access and Refresh Tokens. It ensures that a token can only be used by the client that requested it, by binding the token to a cryptographic key pair held by that client.

Unlike standard bearer tokens, which can be used by any party in possession of the token, DPoP-bound tokens require the client to prove possession of a private key for every request. This provides strong defense-in-depth against token theft and replay attacks.

DPoP is defined in [RFC 9449](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9449).

### When To Use DPoP

Consider using DPoP in the following scenarios:

* **Securing APIs**: APIs that require strict assurance that the sender of the token is the same entity to which the token was issued.
* **Multi Domain**: DPoP is compatible with CORS, and allows you to securely use tokens between multiple domains.
* **[FAPI 2.0](https://openid.net/specs/fapi-security-profile-2_0-final.html#name-dpop-proof-replay)**: This specification defines DPoP as one of the methods for sender-constrained access tokens.
* **Alternative to mTLS**: In environments where Mutual TLS (mTLS) is difficult to implement or not supported by the infrastructure, DPoP provides similar sender-constraining benefits at the application layer.

When you use DPoP, the APIs receiving the access token will need to take additional steps to validate that the access token was sent by the correct client. FusionAuth doesn't yet have SDK support for this, but it's coming. For now, you can implement the checks [outlined in the RFC](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9449#name-the-dpop-authentication-sch):

> For such an access token, a resource server MUST check that a DPoP proof was also received in the DPoP header field of the HTTP request, check the DPoP proof according to the rules in [Section 4.3](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9449#checking), and check that the public key of the DPoP proof matches the public key to which the access token is bound per [Section 6](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9449#Confirmation).

<Aside type="note">
DPoP is not a substitute for TLS; always use DPoP with HTTPS to ensure request confidentiality.
</Aside>

## FusionAuth Support And Scope

FusionAuth acts as the **Authorization Server (AS)** in the DPoP flow. When a client includes a DPoP proof in a token request, FusionAuth:

1. Extracts the DPoP proof, public key, and signature from the `DPoP` request header.
1. Verifies the signature using the provided public key and validates the proof according to [RFC 9449 § 5](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9449#section-5).
1. Calculates the JWK SHA-256 thumbprint (`jkt`) of the public key provided in the proof.
1. Binds the issued access token (and refresh token) to this thumbprint by adding a `cnf` claim.
1. Returns a `token_type` of `DPoP` in the token response.

### Token Binding Semantics

When DPoP is used, the issued access token contains a **Confirmation (`cnf`)** claim as defined in [RFC 9449 § 6.1](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9449#section-6.1).

```json
{
  "cnf": {
    "jkt": "0ZcOCORZNYy-DWpqq30jZyJGHTN0d2HglBV3uiguA4I"
  }
}
```

This thumbprint is the immutable anchor that your **Resource Server (RS)** will use to verify that the client presenting the Token is the legitimate owner.

<Aside type="caution">
FusionAuth handles the binding of Tokens during issuance. However, the validation of DPoP proofs when accessing your protected resources occurs in your own APIs (the Resource Server).
</Aside>

## The DPoP Flow

The following diagram illustrates the DPoP flow using the Authorization Code grant with PKCE.

```mermaid
sequenceDiagram
  participant User as Client/Browser
  participant App
  participant FusionAuth as FusionAuth (AS)
  participant API as API (RS)

  Note left of User: User Logs In
  rect rgb(230, 245, 255, .1)
    Note over User: Generate cryptographic Key Pair
    User ->> App : View Initial Page<br/>Click Login
    App ->> User : Redirect User To <br/>Authorization Server With Scopes
    User ->> FusionAuth : Request Login Page
    FusionAuth ->> User : Return Login Page
    User ->> FusionAuth : Provides Credentials
    FusionAuth ->> FusionAuth : Validate Credentials
    FusionAuth ->> User : Redirect With Authorization Code
  end

  Note left of User: Start DPoP Token Issuance

  rect rgb(230, 245, 255, .1)
    Note over User: Construct & Sign DPoP Proof 1
    User ->> App : Request Redirect URI
    App ->> FusionAuth : Request Tokens<br/>DPoP Header (Proof 1)
    rect rgb(230, 245, 255, .1)
      Note over FusionAuth: Extract Proof 1, Public Key & Signature
      FusionAuth->>FusionAuth: Verify Proof 1 Signature & Claims<br/>
      FusionAuth->>FusionAuth: Bind Token to Public Key Thumbprint (jkt)<br/>
    end
    FusionAuth ->> App : Return sender-constrained<br/>Access & Refresh Tokens
    App ->> User : Store Tokens<br/>(e.g., in memory or secure storage)
  end

  Note left of User: Access Protected Resource

  rect rgb(230, 245, 255, .1)
    Note over User: Construct & Sign DPoP Proof 2

    User->>API: API Request (Access Token)<br/>DPoP Header (Proof 2)
    rect rgb(230, 245, 255, .1)
      Note over API: Extract Proof 2, Public Key & Signature
      API->>API: Verify Access Token & Binding<br/>Verify Proof 2 Signature & Claims<br/>
    end
    API->>User: API Response

    Note over User: Construct & Sign DPoP Proof 3

    User->>API: API Request (Access Token)<br/>DPoP Header (Proof 3)
    rect rgb(230, 245, 255, .1)
      Note over API: Extract Proof 3, Public Key & Signature
      API->>API: Verify Access Token & Binding<br/>Verify Proof 3 Signature & Claims<br/>
    end
    API->>User: API Response
  end

  Note left of User: Access Token Expires
  Note left of User: Start DPoP Token Refresh

  rect rgb(230, 245, 255, .1)
    Note over User: Construct & Sign DPoP Proof 4
    User->>FusionAuth: Refresh Token Request<br/>DPoP Header (Proof 4)
    rect rgb(230, 245, 255, .1)
      Note over FusionAuth: Extract Proof 4, Public Key & Signature
      FusionAuth->>FusionAuth: Verify Refresh Token & Binding<br/>Verify Proof 4 Signature & Claims<br/>
      FusionAuth->>FusionAuth: Bind Token to Public Key Thumbprint (jkt)<br/>
    end
    FusionAuth->>User: New Access Token Response
  end
```

### Key Generation And Authorization

1. **Key Generation**: The client generates a cryptographic public and private key pair (e.g., ES256) on the browser. Generating the key pair at the start of the flow ensures the client is ready to sign proofs later.
2. **Authorization Request**: The client initiates the OAuth flow by redirecting the user to FusionAuth's authorization endpoint.

### DPoP Token Issuance (Authorization Server)

3. **Token Request**: After the user authenticates and authorizes the client, the client requests Tokens from the `/oauth2/token` endpoint, including a DPoP proof (Proof 1) signed with the private key in the `DPoP` header.
4. **Verification (AS)**: FusionAuth extracts the DPoP proof and public key, verifies the signature, and ensures the claims (like <InlineField>htm</InlineField> and <InlineField>htu</InlineField>) are valid.
5. **Binding (AS)**: FusionAuth then generates an Access Token bound to the SHA-256 thumbprint (<InlineField>jkt</InlineField>) of the public key.
6. **Sender-Constrained Issuance (AS)**: FusionAuth issues the Tokens with a <InlineField>token_type</InlineField> of `DPoP`, ensuring they are constrained to the client's key.

### Access Protected Resource (Resource Server)

7. **API Request (Client)**: For every API call, the client generates a *new* DPoP proof (Proof 2) specific to the request (matching HTTP method <InlineField>htm</InlineField> and URI <InlineField>htu</InlineField>) and includes the Access Token hash (<InlineField>ath</InlineField>).
8. **Verification (RS)**: Your API (Resource Server) verifies the Access Token, validates the DPoP proof signature, and ensures the proof's key matches the <InlineField>cnf.jkt</InlineField> binding in the Token.
9. **Response (RS)**: Your API responds with the requested resource. Subsequent requests (e.g., Proof 3) follow the same pattern.

### DPoP Token Refresh (Authorization Server)

10. **Refresh Request (Client)**: When the Access Token expires, the client sends a Refresh Token request to the `/oauth2/token` endpoint, including a new DPoP proof (Proof 4).
11. **Verification & Re-binding (AS)**: FusionAuth verifies the Refresh Token and its binding to the original key, validates the new DPoP proof, and issues a new Access Token bound to the same public key thumbprint.

## Client Responsibilities

<Aside type="note">
When DPoP is used with CORS, `DPoP` must be added to `systemConfiguration.corsConfiguration.allowedHeaders`.
</Aside>

Implementing DPoP on the client side requires careful management of the cryptographic key pair and the generation of per-request proofs.

### Key Pair Lifecycle

* **Generation**: The client MUST generate an asymmetric key pair. [RFC 9449 § 4.2](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9449#section-4.2) recommends using algorithms like `ES256`. Generating the key early ensures the client is ready for the token request and can fail fast if the browser does not support the required cryptographic algorithms.
* **Storage**: In browser environments, store the private key in a way that it is non-extractable (e.g., using the Web Crypto API with `extractable: false`). This prevents exfiltration even if the application context is compromised by XSS. [RFC 9449 § 11.4](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9449#section-11.4).
* **Rotation**: Periodically rotate the key pair to minimize the impact of a potential key compromise.

### DPoP Proof Composition

A DPoP proof is a JWT sent in the <InlineField>DPoP</InlineField> HTTP header. According to [RFC 9449 § 4.2](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9449#section-4.2), it must contain:

**JOSE Header:**
* <InlineField>typ</InlineField>: MUST be `dpop+jwt`.
* <InlineField>alg</InlineField>: An asymmetric signature algorithm (e.g., `ES256`). FusionAuth accepts the following algorithms: Ed448, Ed25519, RS256, RS384, RS512, ES256, ES384, ES512, PS256, PS384, and PS512.
* <InlineField>jwk</InlineField>: The public key corresponding to the private key used to sign the proof.

**Payload Claims:**
* <InlineField>jti</InlineField>: A unique identifier for the proof (UUID v4 is recommended) to prevent replay.
* <InlineField>htm</InlineField>: The HTTP method of the request (e.g., `GET`, `POST`).
* <InlineField>htu</InlineField>: The HTTP target URI of the request, without query or fragment parameters.
* <InlineField>iat</InlineField>: The time the proof was created. FusionAuth allows a lifetime of 10 seconds and a window of +/- 15 seconds to account for clock skew.
* <InlineField>ath</InlineField>: The base64url-encoded SHA-256 hash of the Access Token (required when presenting an Access Token to an RS).

### Nonce Handling

If your Resource Server requires a nonce for temporal replay protection, they will respond with a `401` or `400` error and a <InlineField>WWW-Authenticate</InlineField> header containing a <InlineField>DPoP-Nonce</InlineField>.

The client MUST then:
1. Extract the nonce from the <InlineField>DPoP-Nonce</InlineField> header.
2. Include this in the <InlineField>nonce</InlineField> claim of a new DPoP proof.
3. Retry the request.

<Aside type="note">
FusionAuth currently does not require nonce handling, but your APIs may require one for resource access.
</Aside>

## Resource Server Validation Checklist

Your API (Resource Server) MUST perform the following steps to validate a DPoP-protected request as outlined in [RFC 9449 § 4.3](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9449#section-4.3):

1. **Verify Headers**: Ensure the <InlineField>Authorization</InlineField> header uses the `DPoP` scheme and the <InlineField>DPoP</InlineField> header is present and is a valid JWT.
2. **Strict Type Check**: Verify that the DPoP proof's JOSE header has `<InlineField>typ</InlineField>: "dpop+jwt"`.
3. **Signature Verification**: Verify the proof's signature using the public key provided in the <InlineField>jwk</InlineField> header of the proof itself.
4. **Claims Validation**:
    * <InlineField>htm</InlineField>: Matches the request's HTTP method.
    * <InlineField>htu</InlineField>: Matches the request's absolute URI (normalization is recommended).
    * <InlineField>iat</InlineField>: Within an acceptable window (e.g., +/- 15 seconds) to account for clock skew.
    * <InlineField>jti</InlineField>: Has not been seen before (replay protection).
5. **Access Token Hash (`ath`)**: Verify that the <InlineField>ath</InlineField> claim in the proof matches the SHA-256 hash of the Access Token provided in the <InlineField>Authorization</InlineField> header.
6. **Token Binding Check**:
    * Extract the <InlineField>cnf.jkt</InlineField> claim from the Access Token.
    * Calculate the SHA-256 thumbprint of the <InlineField>jwk</InlineField> from the DPoP proof.
    * **MUST** ensure they are identical.

## FusionAuth Configuration

There is no configuration required to enable DPoP in FusionAuth. FusionAuth responds to Token requests with a <InlineField>DPoP</InlineField> header containing a DPoP proof as long as the requesting client initializes the DPoP flow.

## Troubleshooting

| Error | Cause | Resolution |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| `invalid_dpop_proof` | The DPoP proof is malformed, has an invalid signature, or missing claims. | Verify the client is correctly signing the JWT and including all required claims (§4.2). |
| `use_dpop_nonce` | The server requires a fresh nonce. | Extract the <InlineField>DPoP-Nonce</InlineField> from the response and retry the request with the <InlineField>nonce</InlineField> claim. |
| Thumbprint Mismatch | The <InlineField>jkt</InlineField> in the Access Token does not match the key in the DPoP proof. | Ensure the client is using the same key pair for the API request as it did for the Token request. |
| <InlineField>ath</InlineField> Mismatch | The hash of the Access Token in the proof is incorrect. | Verify the <InlineField>ath</InlineField> calculation: `base64url(sha256(Access Token))`. |

### Storage Options

Here is a complete list of storage options for Access and Refresh Tokens in comparison.

<TokenStorageOptionsTable />

## References

* **RFC 9449**: [OAuth 2.0 Demonstrating Proof-of-Possession (DPoP)](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9449)
* **RFC 7638**: [JSON Web Key (JWK) Thumbprint](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7638)

# OAuth2 Endpoints

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import API from 'src/components/api/API.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import OauthAuthorizeRedirectParameters from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_oauth-authorize-redirect-parameters.mdx';
import AuthorizationHeader from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/_authorization-header.mdx';
import DeviceTypeList from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_device-type-list.mdx';
import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import ClientCredentialsScopesOmitted from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/_client_credentials_scopes_omitted.mdx';
import ClientCredentialsScopesSingleEntity from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/_client_credentials_scopes_single_entity.mdx';
import ClientCredentialsScopesMultipleEntities from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/_client_credentials_scopes_multiple_entities.mdx';
import ClientCredentialsPermissionsExplanation from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/_client_credentials_permissions_explanation.mdx';
import UserInfoAudClaimLimits from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_userinfo-aud-claim-limits.mdx';
import UserInfoResponse from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_userinfo-response.mdx';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';

In support of [OAuth 2.0 IETF RFC 6749](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749), [OAuth 2.0 IETF RFC 8628](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8628), [JWK IETF RFC 7517](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7517), and [OAuth 2.0 IETF RFC 7662](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7662), the following endpoints are provided.

In support of [OpenID Connect](http://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html), the following endpoints are provided:

Error responses to the OAuth endpoints are described in the following section.

Additional information about common parameters are described in this section:

<Aside type="note">
If present in a query string, request parameters must be URL encoded.
</Aside>

## Authorize

This is an implementation of the Authorization endpoint as defined by the [IETF RFC 6749 Section 3.1](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-3.1).

### Authorization Code Grant Request

To begin the Authorization Code Grant you will redirect to the Authorization endpoint from your application.

<API method="GET" uri="/oauth2/authorize?client_id={client_id}&redirect_uri={redirect_uri}&response_type=code&tenantId={tenantId}&scope=openid%20offline_access%20profile%20email"/>

### Request Headers
<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Authorization" type="String" optional>
    An optional request header that enables using an existing access token (JWT) to bootstrap the SSO session.

    For more information and examples, see [Bootstrapping SSO](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/single-sign-on#bootstrapping-sso).
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="client_id" type="String" required>
    The unique client identifier.
    The client Id is the Id of the FusionAuth Application in which you are attempting to authenticate.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="code_challenge" type="String" optional since="1.8.0">
    The `code_challenge` parameter as described in the [Proof Key for Code Exchange by OAuth Public Clients (PKCE)](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7636) specification.
    When this parameter is provided during the Authorization request, a corresponding <InlineField>code_verifier</InlineField> parameter is required on the subsequent `POST` to the `/oauth2/token` endpoint.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="code_challenge_method" type="String" optional since="1.8.0">
    The `code_challenge_method` parameter as described in the [Proof Key for Code Exchange by OAuth Public Clients (PKCE)](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7636) specification.

    The possible values are:

    - `S256` - SHA-256
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="dpop_jkt" type="String" optional since="1.63.0">
    The `dpop_jkt` parameter can be provided to bind the authorization code to a DPoP key.
    When this parameter is provided during the Authorization request, a corresponding <InlineField>DPoP</InlineField> HTTP header is required on the subsequent `POST` to the `/oauth2/token` endpoint.
    [DPoP](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/dpop) is an Enterprise feature.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="idp_hint" type="UUID" optional since="1.19.0">
    An optional unique Identity Provider Id that can allow you to bypass the FusionAuth login page.

    Adding this request parameter will cause the FusionAuth login page to be skipped, and instead a `302` will be returned with a `Location` header of the IdP login URL. The end result is functionally equivalent to the end user clicking on the <InlineUIElement>Login with Pied Piper</InlineUIElement> button, or entering their email address when using the IdP configuration with managed domains.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="locale" type="String" optional>
    The [locale](/docs/reference/data-types#locales) to be used to render the login page.
    This is useful if you already know the user's preferred locale before redirecting the user to FusionAuth.
    See the [Theme Localization](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/localization) documentation for more information.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="login_hint" type="String" optional since="1.19.0">
    An optional email address or top level domain that can allow you to bypass the FusionAuth login page when using managed domains.

    If using managed domains, adding this request parameter will cause the FusionAuth login page to be skipped, and instead a `302` will be returned with a `Location` header of the IdP login URL. The end result is functionally equivalent to the end entering their email address when using the IdP configuration with managed domains.

    If not using managed domains, providing an email address using this parameter prepopulates the email address in the login page.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="max_age" type="Integer" optional since="1.60.0">
    An optional parameter that indicates the authenticated SSO session maximum age in seconds. This is called the Maximum Authentication Age in the OpenID specification.

    A user with an SSO session older than the time specified by this parameter will be required to reauthenticate.

    A value of `0` is equal to `prompt=login`.

    Note that this parameter by itself does not guarantee that the user is reauthenticated. See [OIDC Prompt Security Considerations](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/prompt#security-considerations) for implementation details.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="metaData.device.description" type="String" optional>
    A human readable description of the device used during login.
    This metadata is used to describe the refresh token that may be generated for this login request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="nonce" type="String" optional since="1.5.0">
    The `nonce` parameter as described in the [OpenID Connect core](https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html) specification.
    When this parameter is provided during the Authorization request, the value will be returned in the `id_token`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="prompt" type="String" optional since="1.60.0">
    An optional case sensitive space-delimited parameter for additional control of silent authentication, forced reauthentication, and consent prompts.

    The possible values are:

    - `none` - No user interface is displayed. An error is returned if the user is not already authenticated.
    - `login` - The user will be prompted for authentication when there's an existing SSO session.
    - `consent` - Always prompt for consent from the user.

    Note that `prompt=login` doesn't guarantee that the user is reauthenticated. See [OIDC Prompt](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/prompt#security-considerations) for implementation details, security considerations, limitations and example usage.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="redirect_uri" type="String" required>
    The URI to redirect to upon a successful request.
    This URI must have been configured previously in the FusionAuth Application OAuth configuration.
    See Applications in the FusionAuth User Guide for additional information on configuring the redirect URI.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="response_mode" type="String" optional since="1.11.0">
    Determines how the result parameters are to be returned to the caller.
    When this parameter is not provided the default response mode will be used based upon the <InlineField>response_type</InlineField> field.

    The default when the <InlineField>response_type</InlineField> is set to `code` is `query`, the default when the <InlineField>response_type</InlineField> is set to `token`, `token id_token` or `id_token` is `fragment`.

    The possible values are:

    * `form_post`
    * `fragment`
    * `query` - This response mode can only be used when the <InlineField>response_type</InlineField> is set to `code`.

    In general, you only need to provide this parameter when you wish to use the `form_post` response mode.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="response_type" type="String" required>
    The requested response type.
    For the Authorization Code Grant, this value must be set to `code`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="scope" type="String" optional>
    If you are using OpenID Connect, the request must contain this parameter and at minimum it must contain `openid`.
    This parameter may contain multiple space separated scopes.
    For example, the value of `openid offline_access` provides two scopes on the request.

    Example scopes which modify the behavior of the endpoint:

    * `openid` - This scope is used to request an `id_token` be returned in the response
    * `offline_access` - This scope is used to request a `refresh_token` be returned in the response

    [Learn more about scopes, including custom scopes.](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/scopes)
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="state" type="String" optional>
    The optional state parameter. This is generally used as a Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF) token or to provide deeplinking support.
    Any value provided in this field will be returned on a successful redirect.
    See [OpenID Connect core](https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html) specification for additional information on how this parameter may be utilized.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tenantId" type="UUID" required since="1.8.0">
    The unique Tenant Id used for applying the proper theme.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="user_code" type="String" optional since="1.11.0">
    The end-user verification code.
    This parameter is required on requests implementing the user-interaction of the Device Authorization Grant flow.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

_Response Codes_

| Code | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
|------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 200  | The request was successful. The user is not logged in, the response will contain an HTML form to collect login credentials.                                                                                                                    |
| 302  | The requested user is already logged in, the request will redirect to the location specified in the `redirect_uri` on the request.                                                                                                             |
| 400  | The request was invalid and/or malformed. The response will contain a JSON message with the specific errors or errors on the redirect URI. The error responses are covered in the [OAuth Error section](#oautherror) of the API documentation. |
| 500  | There was a FusionAuth internal error. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files.                                                                                                                                       |
| 503  | The search index is not available or encountered an exception so the request cannot be completed. The response will contain a JSON body.                                                                                                       |

The following is an example HTTP 302 redirect, line breaks added to improve readability.

```plaintext title="Example HTTP Redirect Response"
HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Location: https://piedpiper.com/callback?
           code=pU2DHOWjSCVh6NJKi1ClhBYNKfuqbZVT
           &locale=fr
           &state=abc123
           &userState=Authenticated
```

#### Redirect Parameters

<OauthAuthorizeRedirectParameters />

### Implicit Grant Request

To begin the Implicit Grant you will redirect to the Authorization endpoint from your application.

<API method="GET" uri="/oauth2/authorize?client_id={client_id}&redirect_uri={redirect_uri}&response_type=token%20id_token&tenantId={tenantId}"/>

### Request Headers
<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Authorization" type="String" optional>
    An optional request header that enables using an existing access token (JWT) to bootstrap the SSO session.

    See [Bootstrapping SSO](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/single-sign-on#bootstrapping-sso) for additional information and examples.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="client_id" type="String" required>
    The unique client identifier.
    The client Id is the Id of the FusionAuth Application in which you are attempting to authenticate.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="idp_hint" type="UUID" optional since="1.19.0">
    An optional unique Identity Provider Id that can allow you to bypass the FusionAuth login page.

    Adding this request parameter will cause the FusionAuth login page to be skipped, and instead a `302` will be returned with a `Location` header of the IdP login URL. The end result is functionally equivalent to the end user clicking on the <InlineUIElement>Login with Pied Piper</InlineUIElement> button, or entering their email address when using the IdP configuration with managed domains.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="locale" type="String">
    The [locale](/docs/reference/data-types#locales) to be used to render the login page.
    This is useful if you already know the user's preferred locale before redirecting the user to FusionAuth.
    See the [Theme Localization](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/localization) documentation for more information.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="login_hint" type="String" optional since="1.19.0">
    An optional email address or top level domain that can allow you to bypass the FusionAuth login page when using managed domains.

    If using managed domains, adding this request parameter will cause the FusionAuth login page to be skipped, and instead a `302` will be returned with a `Location` header of the IdP login URL. The end result is functionally equivalent to the end entering their email address when using the IdP configuration with managed domains.

    If not using managed domains, providing an email address using this parameter prepopulates the email address in the login page.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="max_age" type="Integer" optional since="1.60.0">
    An optional parameter that indicates the authenticated SSO session maximum age in seconds. This is called the Maximum Authentication Age in the OpenID specification.

    A user with an SSO session older than the time specified by this parameter will be required to reauthenticate.

    A value of `0` is equal to `prompt=login`.

    Note that this parameter by itself does not guarantee that the user is reauthenticated. See [OIDC Prompt Security Considerations](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/prompt#security-considerations) for implementation details.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="nonce" type="String" optional since="1.5.0">
    The `nonce` parameter as described in the [OpenID Connect core](https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html) specification.
    When this parameter is provided during the Authorization request, the value will be returned in the `id_token` if requested by the `response_type` parameter.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="prompt" type="String" optional since="1.60.0">
    An optional case sensitive space-delimited parameter for additional control of silent authentication, forced reauthentication, and consent prompts.

    The possible values are:

    - `none` - No user interface is displayed. An error is returned if the user is not already authenticated.
    - `login` - The user will be prompted for authentication when there's an existing SSO session.
    - `consent` - Always prompt for consent from the user.

    Note that `prompt=login` doesn't guarantee that the user is reauthenticated. See [OIDC Prompt](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/prompt#security-considerations) for implementation details, security considerations, limitations and example usage.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="redirect_uri" type="String" required>
    The URI to redirect to upon a successful request.
    This URI must have been configured previously in the FusionAuth Application OAuth configuration.
    See Applications in the FusionAuth User Guide for additional information on configuring the redirect URI.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="response_mode" type="String" optional since="1.11.0">
    Determines how the result parameters are to be returned to the caller.
    When this parameter is not provided the default response mode will be used based upon the <InlineField>response_type</InlineField> field.

    The default when the <InlineField>response_type</InlineField> is set to `code` is `query`, the default when the <InlineField>response_type</InlineField> is set to `token`, `token id_token` or `id_token` is `fragment`.

    The possible values are:

    * `form_post`
    * `fragment`
    * `query` - This response mode can only be used when the <InlineField>response_type</InlineField> is set to `code`.

    In general, you only need to provide this parameter when you wish to use the `form_post` response mode.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="response_type" type="String" required>
    The requested response type, this value determines which tokens will be returned in the redirect URL.

    For the Implicit Grant, this value must be set to one of the following values:

    * `token` - Return an `access_token`
    * `token id_token` - Return both the `access_token` and the `id_token`
    * `id_token` - Return an `id_token`

    The `token` response type is not supported when using OpenID Connect.
    This means that if you specify the `openid` scope the `token` response type is not allowed.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="nonce" type="String" optional since="1.5.0">
    The `nonce` parameter as described in the [OpenID Connect core](https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html) specification.
    When this parameter is provided during the Authorization request, the value will be returned in the `id_token` if requested by the `response_type` parameter.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="scope" type="String" optional>
    If you are using OpenID Connect, the request must contain this parameter and at minimum it must contain `openid`.

    These scopes modify the behavior of the endpoint:

    * `openid` - This scope is used to request an `id_token` be returned in the response
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="state" type="String" optional>
    The optional state parameter. This is generally used as a Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF) token or to provide deeplinking support.
    Any value provided in this field will be returned on a successful redirect.
    See [OpenID Connect core](https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html) specification for additional information on how this parameter may be utilized.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tenantId" type="UUID" required since="1.8.0">
    The unique Tenant Id.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="user_code" type="String" optional since="1.11.0">
    The end-user verification code.
    This parameter is required on requests implementing the user-interaction of the Device Authorization Grant flow.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

_Response Codes_

| Code | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
|------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 200  | The request was successful. The user is not logged in, the response will contain an HTML form to collect login credentials.                                                                                                                   |
| 302  | The requested user is already logged in, the request will redirect to the location specified in the `redirect_uri` on the request.                                                                                                            |
| 400  | The request was invalid and/or malformed. The response will contain a JSON message with the specific errors or errors on the redirect URI. The error responses are covered in the [OAuth Error section](#oautherror) of the API documentation. |
| 500  | There was a FusionAuth internal error. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files.                                                                                                                                      |
| 503  | The search index is not available or encountered an exception so the request cannot be completed. The response will contain a JSON body.                                                                                                      |

```plaintext title="Example HTTP Redirect Response"
HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Location: https://piedpiper.com/callback#
           access_token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJleHAiOjE0ODUxNDA5ODQsImlhdCI6MTQ4NTEzNzM4NCwiaXNzIjoiYWNtZS5jb20iLCJzdWIiOiIyOWFjMGMxOC0wYjRhLTQyY2YtODJmYy0wM2Q1NzAzMThhMWQiLCJhcHBsaWNhdGlvbklkIjoiNzkxMDM3MzQtOTdhYi00ZDFhLWFmMzctZTAwNmQwNWQyOTUyIiwicm9sZXMiOltdfQ.Mp0Pcwsz5VECK11Kf2ZZNF_SMKu5CgBeLN9ZOP04kZo
           &expires_in=3599
           &id_token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJleHAiOjE0ODUxNDA5ODQsImlhdCI6MTQ4NTEzNzM4NCwiaXNzIjoiYWNtZS5jb20iLCJzdWIiOiIyOWFjMGMxOC0wYjRhLTQyY2YtODJmYy0wM2Q1NzAzMThhMWQiLCJhcHBsaWNhdGlvbklkIjoiNzkxMDM3MzQtOTdhYi00ZDFhLWFmMzctZTAwNmQwNWQyOTUyIiwicm9sZXMiOltdfQ.Mp0Pcwsz5VECK11Kf2ZZNF_SMKu5CgBeLN9ZOP04kZo
           &locale=fr
           &scope=openid
           &state=abc123
           &token_type=Bearer
           &userState=Authenticated
```

#### Redirect Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="access_token" type="String">
    The OAuth access token as described by [RFC 6749 Section 1.4](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-1.4).
    This request parameter will be omitted if an access token was not requested in the <InlineField>response_type</InlineField> request parameter.
    See the [OAuth Tokens](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/tokens#access-token) documentation for more information.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="expires_in" type="String">
    The number of seconds the access token will remain active.
    This request parameter will be omitted if an access token was not requested in the <InlineField>response_type</InlineField> request parameter.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="id_token" type="String">
    The OpenID Id Token.
    This token is represented as a JSON Web Token (JWT).
    This request parameter will be omitted if an id token was not requested in the <InlineField>response_type</InlineField> request parameter.
    See the [OAuth Tokens](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/tokens#id-token) documentation for more information.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="locale" type="String">
    The [locale](/docs/reference/data-types#locales) that was used to render the login page, or a previously selected locale by the user during a previous session.
    This may be useful to know in your own application so you can continue to localize the interface for the language the user selected while on the FusionAuth login page.
    See the [Theme Localization](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/localization) documentation for more information.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="state" type="String">
    The state that was provided on the Authorization request.
    This parameter will be omitted if the <InlineField>state</InlineField> request parameter was not provided.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="token_type" type="String">
    The token type.
    The value will be `Bearer` if an access token was requested in the <InlineField>response_type</InlineField> request parameter, this request parameter will otherwise be omitted.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userState" type="String">
    The FusionAuth user state.

    The possible values are:

    * `Authenticated` - The user is successfully authenticated for the requested application.
    * `AuthenticatedNotRegistered` - The user is successfully authenticated, but not registered for the requested application.
    * `AuthenticatedNotVerified` - The user is successfully authenticated, but the user's email address has not been verified.
    * `AuthenticatedRegistrationNotVerified` - The user is successfully authenticated and registered, but the registration has not been verified for the requested application.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

## Logout

This endpoint provides a mechanism to invalidate the user's session held by FusionAuth, this effectively logs the user out of the FusionAuth SSO and any applications by calling a application specific URL.

Calling this endpoint does not revoke refresh tokens or JWTs. You can revoke the former by using the [Revoke Refresh Tokens API](/docs/apis/jwt). To revoke JWTs, [implement a revocation strategy](/articles/tokens/revoking-jwts).

Since `1.10.0` The logout behavior follows that of the [OpenID Connect Front-Channel Logout](https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-frontchannel-1_0.html) specification.

The Logout URL used for each application is determined using the following precedence:

1. The <InlineField>logoutURL</InlineField> of the Application if defined.
2. The <InlineField>logoutURL</InlineField> configured on the Tenant if defined.
3. `/`

You can learn more about this behavior in the [Logout And Session Management guide](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/logout-session-management).

### Request

<API method="GET" uri="/oauth2/logout?client_id={client_id}&tenantId={tenantId}" title="Log the User out of the FusionAuth SSO session using a GET request"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="client_id" type="String" optional>
    The unique client identifier.
    The client Id is the Id of the FusionAuth Application in which you are requesting to logout, this value is used to identify the correct redirect URI.

    Generally speaking this parameter is required, if you are using the <InlineField>id_token_hint</InlineField>, this parameter becomes redundant because the application can be identified based upon the `id_token`.

    If you do not provide the <InlineField>id_token_hint</InlineField> and you also omit this parameter, the request will not fail, but the logout URL defined in the Tenant configuration will be utilized.
    If the Tenant logout URL is not defined, the request will result in a redirect to the current base URL at the root path of `/`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="id_token_hint" type="String" optional since="1.10.0">
    The `id_token_hint` parameter as described in the [OpenID Connect Session Management](https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-session-1_0.html#RPLogout) specification.

    This is the previously issued `id_token` passed to the logout endpoint as a hint about the End-User's current authenticated session with the Client.

    This parameter is only used if `client_id` is not provided.

    Note that prior to version `1.37.0` this parameter would only work if it was not expired. This was corrected in version `1.37.0` and as long as the token is signed by FusionAuth, even if expired, the token can be used to identify the user and application during the logout request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="post_logout_redirect_uri" type="String" optional since="1.10.0">
    The URI to redirect to upon a successful logout.
    This URI must have been configured previously in the FusionAuth Application OAuth configuration as an <InlineField>Authorized Redirect URL</InlineField>.
    See the [Core Concepts OAuth section](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications#oauth) for additional information on configuring redirect URIs.

    If this parameter is omitted, the logout URL defined in the Application OAuth configuration will be utilized.
    If an Application OAuth logout URL is not defined, the logout URL defined in the Tenant configuration will be utilized.
    If the Tenant logout URL is not defined, the request will result in a redirect to the current base URL at the root path of `/`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="state" type="String" optional since="1.10.0">
    The `state` parameter as described in the [OpenID Connect Session Management](https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-session-1_0.html#RPLogout) specification.
    This is an opaque value used to maintain state between the logout request and the callback.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tenantId" type="UUID" required since="1.8.0">
    The unique Tenant Id used for applying the proper theme.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<Aside type="version">
Available since version 1.37.0
</Aside>

<API method="POST" uri="/oauth2/logout" title="Log the User out of the FusionAuth SSO session with a POST request"/>

#### Request Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="client_id" type="String" optional>
    The unique client identifier.
    The client Id is the Id of the FusionAuth Application in which you are requesting to logout, this value is used to identify the correct redirect URI.

    Generally speaking this parameter is required, if you are using the <InlineField>id_token_hint</InlineField>, this parameter becomes redundant because the application can be identified based upon the `id_token`.

    If you do not provide the <InlineField>id_token_hint</InlineField> and you also omit this parameter, the request will not fail, but the logout URL defined in the Tenant configuration will be utilized.
    If the Tenant logout URL is not defined, the request will result in a redirect to the current base URL at the root path of `/`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="id_token_hint" type="String" optional>
    The `id_token_hint` parameter as described in the [OpenID Connect Session Management](https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-session-1_0.html#RPLogout) specification.

    This is the previously issued `id_token` passed to the logout endpoint as a hint about the End-User's current authenticated session with the Client.

    This parameter is only used if `client_id` is not provided.

    Note that prior to version `1.37.0` this parameter would only work if it was not expired. This was corrected in version `1.37.0` and as long as the token is signed by FusionAuth, even if expired, the token can be used to identify the user and application during the logout request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="post_logout_redirect_uri" type="String" optional>
    The URI to redirect to upon a successful logout.
    This URI must have been configured previously in the FusionAuth Application OAuth configuration as an <InlineField>Authorized Redirect URL</InlineField>.
    See the [Core Concepts OAuth section](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications#oauth) for additional information on configuring redirect URIs.

    If this parameter is omitted, the logout URL defined in the Application OAuth configuration will be utilized.
    If an Application OAuth logout URL is not defined, the logout URL defined in the Tenant configuration will be utilized.
    If the Tenant logout URL is not defined, the request will result in a redirect to the current base URL at the root path of `/`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="state" type="String" optional>
    The `state` parameter as described in the [OpenID Connect Session Management](https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-session-1_0.html#RPLogout) specification.
    This is an opaque value used to maintain state between the logout request and the callback.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tenantId" type="UUID" required>
    The unique Tenant Id used for applying the proper theme.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

_Response Codes_

| Code | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
|------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 302  | The request was successful and the redirect location will be determined by using the configuration values in the following precedence: <br/>* The `post_logout_redirect_uri` request parameter if present<br/>* The <InlineField>logoutURL</InlineField> defined in the Application OAuth configuration<br/>* The <InlineField>logoutURL</InlineField> defined in the Tenant OAuth configuration<br/>* `/` {/* eslint-disable-line */} |
| 400  | The request was invalid and/or malformed. The response will contain a JSON message with the specific errors. The error response JSON is covered in the [OAuth Error section](#oautherror) of the API documentation.                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| 500  | There was a FusionAuth internal error. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
| 503  | The search index is not available or encountered an exception so the request cannot be completed. The response will contain a JSON body.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |

## Token

This is an implementation of the Token endpoint as defined by the [IETF RFC 6749 Section 3.2](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-3.2).

### Complete the Authorization Code Grant Request

Authorization Code Grant : Exchange the Authorization Code for a Token

If you will be using the Authorization Code grant, you will make a request to the Token endpoint to exchange the authorization code returned from the Authorize endpoint for an access token.

<API method="POST" uri="/oauth2/token"/>

#### Request Headers

<APIBlock>
  <AuthorizationHeader />
  <APIField name="Content-Type" type="String" required>
    This value must be set to `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Request Body

Ensure you are sending these parameters as form encoded data in the request body, do not send these parameters in a query string.

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="client_id" type="String" optional>
    The unique client identifier.
    The client Id is the Id of the FusionAuth Application in which you are attempting to authenticate.

    This parameter is optional when the `Authorization` header is provided.
    When the `Authorization` header is not provided, this parameter is then required.
    Prior to version `1.3.1` this parameter was always required.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="client_secret" type="String" optional since="1.5.0">
    The client secret.
    This parameter is optional when the `Authorization` header is provided.
    Please see the [the Client Secret table](#client-secret) for more details.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="code" type="String" required>
    The authorization code returned on the `/oauth2/authorize` response.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="code_verifier" type="String" optional since="1.8.0">
    The `code_verifier` parameter as described in the [Proof Key for Code Exchange by OAuth Public Clients (PKCE)](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7636) specification.


    This parameter is required to complete this request when the <InlineField>code_challenge</InlineField> parameter was provided on the initial Authorize request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="grant_type" type="String" required>
    The grant type to be used.
    This value must be set to `authorization_code`
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="redirect_uri" type="String" required>
    The URI to redirect to upon a successful request.
    This URI must have been configured previously in the FusionAuth Application OAuth configuration.
    See Applications in the FusionAuth User Guide for additional information on configuring the redirect URI.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

```plaintext title="Example HTTP Request"
POST /oauth2/token HTTP/1.1
Host: piedpiper.fusionauth.io
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Accept: */*
Content-Length: 436
client_id=3c219e58-ed0e-4b18-ad48-f4f92793ae32&code=+WYT3XemV4f81ghHi4V+RyNwvATDaD4FIj0BpfFC4Wzg&grant_type=authorization_code&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.piedpiper.com%2Flogin
```

### Resource Owner Password Credentials Grant Request

Resource Owner Password Credentials Grant : Exchange User Credentials for a Token

If you will be using the Resource Owner Password Credential Grant, you will make a request to the Token endpoint to exchange the user's email and password for an access token.

<API method="POST" uri="/oauth2/token"/>

#### Request Headers

<APIBlock>
  <AuthorizationHeader />
  <APIField name="Content-Type" type="String" required>
    This value must be set to `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Request Body

Ensure you are sending these parameters as form encoded data in the request body, do not send these parameters in a query string.

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="client_id" type="String" optional>
    The unique client identifier.
    The client Id is the Id of the FusionAuth Application in which you are attempting to authenticate.

    This parameter is optional when the `Authorization` header is provided.
    When the `Authorization` header is not provided, this parameter is then required.
    Prior to version `1.3.1` this parameter was always required.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="client_secret" type="String" optional since="1.5.0">
    The client secret.
    This parameter is optional when the `Authorization` header is provided.
    Please see the [the Client Secret table](#client-secret) for more details.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="grant_type" type="String" required>
    The grant type to be used.
    This value must be set to `password`
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="metaData.device.description" type="String" optional since="1.20.1">
    A human readable description of the device used during login.
    This metadata is used to describe the refresh token that may be generated for this login request.

    For example:

    > Erlich's iPhone

  </APIField>
  <APIField name="metaData.device.name" type="String" optional since="1.20.1">
    A human readable description of the device used during login.
    This metadata is used to name the refresh token that may be generated for this login request.

    For example:

    > iOS Safari

  </APIField>
  <APIField name="metaData.device.type" type="String" optional since="1.20.1">
    The type of device represented by the `device` parameter. This metadata is used to describe the type of device represented by the refresh token that may be generated for this login request.

    Prior to version 1.46.0, this value was restricted to the following types:

<DeviceTypeList />

    In version `1.46.0` and beyond, this value can be any string value you'd like, have fun with it!
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="username" type="String" required>
    The login identifier of the user.
    The login identifier can be either the `email` or the `username`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="password" type="String" required>
    The user's password.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="scope" type="String" optional>
    The optional scope you are requesting during this grant.
    This parameter may contain multiple space separated scopes.
    For example, the value of `openid offline_access` provides two scopes on the request.

    Available scopes:

    * `openid` - This scope is used to request an `id_token` be returned in the response
    * `offline_access` - This scope scope is used to request a `refresh_token` be returned in the response
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="user_code" type="String" optional since="1.11.0">
    The end-user verification code.
    This parameter is required on requests implementing the user-interaction of the Device Authorization Grant flow.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

```plaintext options="wrap" title="Example HTTP Request"
POST /oauth2/token HTTP/1.1
Host: piedpiper.fusionauth.io
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Accept: */*
Content-Length: 436
client_id=3c219e58-ed0e-4b18-ad48-f4f92793ae32&grant_type=password&loginId=bishop%piedpiper.com&password=Setec+Astronomy
```

### Complete the Device Authorization Grant Request

<Aside type="version">
This API has been available since 1.11.0
</Aside>

This is the Device Access Token Request portion of the [Device Authorization Grant Specification](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8628#section-3.4).

<API method="POST" uri="/oauth2/token"/>

#### Request Headers

<APIBlock>
  <AuthorizationHeader />
  <APIField name="Content-Type" type="String" required>
    This value must be set to `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Request Body

Ensure you are sending these parameters as form encoded data in the request body, do not send these parameters in a query string.

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="client_id" type="String" optional>
    The unique client identifier.
    The client Id is the Id of the FusionAuth Application in which you are attempting to authenticate.

    This parameter is optional when the `Authorization` header is provided.
    When the `Authorization` header is not provided, this parameter is then required.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="client_secret" type="String" optional>
    The client secret.
    This parameter is optional when the `Authorization` header is provided.
    Please see the [the Client Secret table](#client-secret) for more details.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="device_code" type="String" required>
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="grant_type" type="String" required>
    The grant type to be used.
    This value must be set to `urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:device_code`
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

```plaintext options="wrap" title="Example HTTP Request"
POST /oauth2/token HTTP/1.1
Host: piedpiper.fusionauth.io
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Accept: */*
Content-Length: 166
client_id=3c219e58-ed0e-4b18-ad48-f4f92793ae32&device_code=GmRhmhcxhwAzkoEqiMEg_DnyEysNkuNhszIySk9eS&grant_type=urn%3Aietf%3Aparams%3Aoauth%3Agrant-type%3Adevice_code
```

### Response

The following response applies to the [Complete the Authorization Code Grant Request](#complete-the-authorization-code-grant-request), [Refresh Token Grant Request](#refresh-token-grant-request) and [Complete the Device Authorization Grant Request](#complete-the-device-authorization-grant-request) examples.


_Response Codes_

| Code | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
|------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 200  | The request was successful.                                                                                                                                                                                         |
| 400  | The request was invalid and/or malformed. The response will contain a JSON message with the specific errors. The error response JSON is covered in the [OAuth Error section](#oautherror) of the API documentation. |
| 401  | The client could not be verified. Verify your `client_id` and `client_secret` are valid and authorized for this request.                                                                                            |
| 500  | There was a FusionAuth internal error. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files.                                                                                                            |
| 503  | The search index is not available or encountered an exception so the request cannot be completed. The response will contain a JSON body.                                                                            |

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="access_token" type="String">
    The OAuth access token as described by [RFC 6749 Section 1.4](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-1.4).
    See the [OAuth Tokens](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/tokens#access-token) documentation for more information.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="expires_in" type="Integer">
    The time in seconds the token will expire from the time the response was generated.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="id_token" type="String">
    The OpenID Id Token.
    This token is represented as a JSON Web Token (JWT).
    See the [OAuth Tokens](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/tokens#id-token) documentation for more information.

    This field will be returned in the response when `openid` scope was requested.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="refresh_token" type="String">
    The refresh token as described by [RFC 6749 Section 1.5](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-1.5)

    This field will be returned in the response when `offline_access` scope was requested unless refresh tokens have been disabled for this application.
    Whether a refresh token is allowed for an application can be controlled by the `oauthConfiguration.generateRefreshTokens` field in the [Application API](/docs/apis/applications) or the `Generate refresh tokens` toggle in the FusionAuth admin UI.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="refresh_token_id" type="UUID" since="1.37.0">
    The unique Id of the refresh token. This Id can be used to retrieve or revoke a specific refresh token using the [Refresh Token API](/docs/apis/jwt).

    This field will be returned when the `offline_access` scope was requested and refresh tokens are allowed for this application.
    Whether a refresh token is allowed for an application can be controlled by the `oauthConfiguration.generateRefreshTokens` field in the [Application API](/docs/apis/applications) or the `Generate refresh tokens` toggle in the FusionAuth admin UI.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="scope" type="String" since="1.5.0">
    The space-separated list of scopes allowed by the user during the grant which generated this access token. This will only be present for Authorization Code and Password grants.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="token_type" type="String">
    The token type as defined by [RFC 6749 Section 7.1](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-7.1).
    This value will be `Bearer` or `DPoP` if a [DPoP Proof](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/dpop) was provided.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userId" type="String">
    The unique Id of the user that has been authenticated.
    This user Id may be used to retrieve the entire user object using the /api/user API.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example JSON Response" src="oauth/authorization_code_grant_response.json" />

### Refresh Token Grant Request

If you will be using the Refresh Token Grant, you will make a request to the Token endpoint to exchange the user's refresh token for an access token.

<Aside type="note">
  In version `1.50.0` and later a refresh token containing unknown scopes will be revoked when used for a Refresh Token Grant if the <InlineField>oauthConfiguration.unknownScopePolicy</InlineField> value of the associated application is `Reject`.
</Aside>

<API method="POST" uri="/oauth2/token"/>

#### Request Cookies

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="access_token" type="String" optional since="1.16.0">
    The previously issued encoded access token.
    When provided on the request, this value will be relayed in the related JWT Refresh webhook event within the `original` field.
    If both the cookie and request parameter are provided, the cookie will take precedence.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Request Headers

<APIBlock>
  <AuthorizationHeader />
  <APIField name="Content-Type" type="String" required>
    This value must be set to `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Request Parameters

Ensure you are sending these parameters as form encoded data in the request body, do not send these parameters in a query string.

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="access_token" type="String" optional since="1.16.0">
    The previously issued encoded access token.
    When provided on the request, this value will be relayed in the related JWT Refresh webhook event within the `original` field.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="client_id" type="String" optional>
    The unique client identifier.
    The client Id is the Id of the FusionAuth Application in which you are attempting to authenticate.

    This parameter is optional when the `Authorization` header is provided.
    When the `Authorization` header is not provided, this parameter is then required.
    Prior to version `1.3.1` this parameter was always required.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="client_secret" type="String" optional since="1.5.0">
    The client secret.
    This parameter is optional when the `Authorization` header is provided.
    Please see the [the Client Secret table](#client-secret) for more details.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="expires_in" type="Integer" optional since="1.59.0">
    The expiration time, in seconds, for the access and Id tokens (if the `openid` scope was included) that will be returned in the response.

    When provided on the request, this value will override the default TTL, provided it is less than the default value. The default TTL is taken from <InlineField>application.jwtConfiguration.timeToLiveInSeconds</InlineField> if it is set there, otherwise it is taken from  <InlineField>tenant.jwtConfiguration.timeToLiveInSeconds</InlineField>.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="grant_type" type="String" required>
    The grant type to be used.
    This value must be set to `refresh_token`
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="refresh_token" type="String" required>
    The refresh token that you would like to use to exchange for an access token.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="scope" type="String" optional>
    This parameter is optional and if omitted, the same scope requested during the authorization request will be used.
    If provided, the scopes must be a space-delimited subset of those requested during the initial authorization request.
    The refresh token maintains the set of scopes from the initial authorization request even if a subset of scopes is requested during a Refresh Token Grant.

    Prior to version `1.50.0` the scopes must match those requested during the initial authorization request if provided.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="user_code" type="String" optional since="1.11.0">
    The end-user verification code.
    This code is required if using this endpoint to approve the Device Authorization.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

```plaintext options="wrap" title="Example HTTP Request"
POST /oauth2/token HTTP/1.1
Host: piedpiper.fusionauth.io
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Cookie: access_token=eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCIsImtpZCI6IkFuYV91STRWbWxiMU5YVXZ0cV83SjZKZFNtTSJ9.eyJleHAiOjE1ODgzNTM0NjAsImlhdCI6MTU4ODM1MzQwMCwiaXNzIjoiZnVzaW9uYXV0aC5pbyIsInN1YiI6IjAwMDAwMDAwLTAwMDAtMDAwMS0wMDAwLTAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMCIsImF1dGhlbnRpY2F0aW9uVHlwZSI6IlBBU1NXT1JEIiwiZW1haWwiOiJ0ZXN0MEBmdXNpb25hdXRoLmlvIiwiZW1haWxfdmVyaWZpZWQiOnRydWUsInByZWZlcnJlZF91c2VybmFtZSI6InVzZXJuYW1lMCJ9.ZoIHTo3Pv0DpcELeX_wu-ZB_rd988jefZc2Ozu9_p59kttwqMm5PV8IDbgxJw9xcq9TFoNG8e_B6renoc11JC54UbiyeXBjF7EH01n9LDz-zTGqu9U72470Z4E7IPAHcyvJIBx4Mp9sgsEYAUm9Tb8ChudqNHhn6ZnXYI7Sew7CtGlu62f10wdBYGX0soYARHBv9CwhJC3-gsD2HLmqHAP_XhrpaYPNr5EAvmCHlM-JlTiEQ9bXwSc4gv-XbPQWamwy8Kcdb-g0EEAml_dC_b2CduwwYg0EoPQB3tQxzTUQzADi7K6q0CtQXv2_1VrRi6aQ4lt7v7t-Na39wGry_pA
Accept: */*
Content-Length: 436
client_id=3c219e58-ed0e-4b18-ad48-f4f92793ae32&grant_type=refresh_token&refresh_token=ze9fi6Y9sMSf3yWp3aaO2w7AMav2MFdiMIi2GObrAi-i3248oo0jTQ
```

### Response

_Response Codes_

| Code | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
|------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 200  | The request was successful.                                                                                                                                                                                         |
| 400  | The request was invalid and/or malformed. The response will contain a JSON message with the specific errors. The error response JSON is covered in the [OAuth Error section](#oautherror) of the API documentation. |
| 401  | The client could not be verified. Verify your `client_id` and `client_secret` are valid and authorized for this request.                                                                                            |
| 500  | There was a FusionAuth internal error. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files.                                                                                                            |
| 503  | The search index is not available or encountered an exception so the request cannot be completed. The response will contain a JSON body.                                                                            |

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="access_token" type="String">
    The OAuth access token as described by [RFC 6749 Section 1.4](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-1.4).
    See the [OAuth Tokens](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/tokens#access-token) documentation for more information.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="expires_in" type="Integer">
    The time in seconds the token will expire from the time the response was generated.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="id_token" type="String">
    The OpenID Id Token.
    This token is represented as a JSON Web Token (JWT).
    See the [OAuth Tokens](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/tokens#id-token) documentation for more information.

    This field will be returned in the response when `openid` scope was requested during the initial authentication request when the refresh token was generated.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="token_type" type="String">
    The token type as defined by [RFC 6749 Section 7.1](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-7.1).
    This value will be `Bearer` or `DPoP` if a [DPoP Proof](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/dpop) was provided.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userId" type="String">
    The unique Id of the user that has been authenticated.
    This user Id may be used to retrieve the entire user object using the /api/user API.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example JSON Response" src="oauth/refresh_token_grant_response.json" />

### Client Credentials Grant Request

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

<Aside type="version">
This functionality has been available since version 1.26.
</Aside>

If you will be using the Client Credentials grant, you will make a request to the Token endpoint to exchange the client credentials for an access token.

<API method="POST" uri="/oauth2/token"/>

#### Request Headers

<APIBlock>
  <AuthorizationHeader />
  <APIField name="Content-Type" type="String" required>
    This value must be set to `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Request Parameters

Ensure you are sending these parameters as form encoded data in the request body.
Do not send these parameters in a query string or as JSON.

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="client_id" type="String" optional>
    The unique client identifier.
    The client Id is the Id of the FusionAuth Entity in which you are attempting to authenticate.

    This parameter is optional when the `Authorization` header is provided.
    When the `Authorization` header is not provided, this parameter is required.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="client_secret" type="String" optional>
    The client secret of the Entity.
    This parameter is optional when the `Authorization` header is provided.
    Please see the [the Client Secret table](#client-secret) for more details.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="grant_type" type="String" required>
    The grant type to be used.
    This value must be set to `client_credentials`
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="scope" type="String" optional>
    This parameter is optional.
    This is a space delimited set of the requested scopes for this grant request.

    You will typically provide a scope specifying the target entity:

    <ClientCredentialsScopesOmitted />

    You may provide append a comma separated list of permissions as well:

    <ClientCredentialsScopesSingleEntity />

    You may combine multiple entities and permissions in the same <InlineField>scope</InlineField> parameter:

    <ClientCredentialsScopesMultipleEntities />

    <ClientCredentialsPermissionsExplanation />
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

```plaintext options="wrap" title="Example HTTP Request"
POST /oauth2/token HTTP/1.1
Host: piedpiper.fusionauth.io
Authorization: Basic MDkyZGJkZWQtMzBhZi00MTQ5LTljNjEtYjU3OGYyYzcyZjU5OitmY1hldDlJdTJrUWk2MXlXRDlUdTRSZVoxMTNQNnlFQWtyMzJ2NldLT1E9
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Accept: */*
Content-Length: 436

grant_type=client_credentials
    &scope=target-entity%3Ae13365f1-a270-493e-bd1b-3d239d753d53%3Aread
```

### Response


_Response Codes_

| Code | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
|------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 200  | The request was successful.                                                                                                                                                                                         |
| 400  | The request was invalid and/or malformed. The response will contain a JSON message with the specific errors. The error response JSON is covered in the [OAuth Error section](#oautherror) of the API documentation. |
| 401  | The client could not be verified. Verify your `client_id` and `client_secret` are valid and authorized for this request.                                                                                            |
| 500  | There was a FusionAuth internal error. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files.                                                                                                            |
| 503  | The search index is not available or encountered an exception so the request cannot be completed. The response will contain a JSON body.                                                                            |

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="access_token" type="String">
    The OAuth access token as described by [RFC 6749 Section 1.4](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-1.4).
    See the [OAuth Tokens](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/tokens#access-token) documentation for more information.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="expires_in" type="Integer">
    The time in seconds the token will expire from the time the response was generated.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="scope" type="String">
    The scope value from the request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="token_type" type="String">
    The token type.
    This value will be `Bearer` or `DPoP` if a [DPoP Proof](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/dpop) was provided.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON src="oauth/client_credentials_example_json_response.json"/>

## Device

<Aside type="version">
This endpoint been available since 1.11.0
</Aside>

This is an implementation of the Device Authorization endpoint as defined by the [IETF RFC 8628 Section 3.1](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8628#section-3.1).

### Device Authorize

To begin the Device Authorization Grant you will make a request to the Device Authorization endpoint from the device.

<API method="POST" uri="/oauth2/device_authorize"/>

### Request Headers

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Content-Type" type="String" required>
    This value must be set to `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Request Parameters

Ensure you are sending these parameters as form encoded data in the request body, do not send these parameters in a query string.

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="client_id" type="String" required>
    The unique client identifier.
    The client Id is the Id of the FusionAuth Application in which you are attempting to authenticate.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="scope" type="String" optional>
    This parameter may contain multiple scopes space separated.
    For example, the value of `openid offline_access` provides two scopes on the request.

    These scopes modify the behavior of the endpoint:

    * `openid` - This scope is used to request an `id_token` be returned in the response
    * `offline_access` - This scope is used to request a `refresh_token` be returned in the eventual [Token](#token) response.
    * `idp-link` - This scope is used to begin a linking request from a game console.

    Supported console links include Epic, Nintendo, Sony Playstation Network, Steam, and Xbox.

    This scope format is as follows: `idp-link:{identityProviderId}:{token}`. When this scope is provided on the request, the token will be verified and when the device grant is complete, a link will be established between the FusionAuth user and the user represented by the provided token. If you need to send more than one token, separate each token using a colon character `:`. Here is an example format when more than one token is required: `idp-link:{identityProviderId}:{token1}:{token2}`.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

```plaintext title="Example HTTP Request"
POST /oauth2/device_authorize HTTP/1.1
Host: piedpiper.fusionauth.io
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Accept: */*
Content-Length: 436
client_id=3c219e58-ed0e-4b18-ad48-f4f92793ae32&scope=offline_access
```

### Response


_Response Codes_

| Code | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
|------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 200  | The request was successful.                                                                                                                                                                                         |
| 400  | The request was invalid and/or malformed. The response will contain a JSON message with the specific errors. The error response JSON is covered in the [OAuth Error section](#oautherror) of the API documentation. |
| 500  | There was a FusionAuth internal error. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files.                                                                                                            |

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="device_code" type="String">
    The device verification code.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="expires_in" type="Integer">
    The number of seconds the <InlineField>device_code</InlineField> and <InlineField>user_code</InlineField> tokens returned in the response will remain active.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="interval" type="Integer">
    The minimum amount of time in seconds that the client should wait between polling requests to the token endpoint.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="user_code" type="String">
    The end-user verification code.
    This value will generally be displayed on the device for the user to read and enter into an activation form.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="verification_uri" type="String">
    The end-user verification URI on the authorization server.
    This value will generally be displayed on the device to instruct the user where to navigate in order to find the form where they may enter the provided <InlineField>user_code</InlineField>.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="verification_uri_complete" type="String">
    A verification URI that includes the <InlineField>user_code</InlineField>.
    This is the same value as returned in the <InlineField>verification_uri</InlineField> with the <InlineField>user_code</InlineField> appended as a request parameter.
    This can be used to build a QR code or provide a clickable link that may pre-populate a form with the <InlineField>user_code</InlineField>.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example JSON Response" src="oauth/device_authorization_grant_response.json" />

### Device User Code

<Aside type="version">
This endpoint has been available since 1.46.0
</Aside>

This endpoint is intended to validate the end-user provided <InlineField>user_code</InlineField> and return meta-data useful when building your own interactive workflow.

This endpoint is equivalent to the [Device Validate](#device-validate) endpoint, but it will return meta-data for the <InlineField>user_code</InlineField> in a JSON body.

<API method="POST" uri="/oauth2/device/user-code" title="Validate and retrieve a user_code using client credentials"/>

#### Request Headers

<APIBlock>
  <AuthorizationHeader />
  <APIField name="Content-Type" type="String" required>
    This value must be set to `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Request Parameters

Ensure you are sending these parameters as form encoded data in the request body, do not send these parameters in a query string.

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="client_id" type="String" optional>
    The unique client identifier.
    The client Id is the Id of the FusionAuth Application in which you are attempting to authenticate.

    This parameter is optional when the `Authorization` header is provided.
    When the `Authorization` header is not provided, this parameter is then required.
    Prior to version `1.46.0` this parameter was always required.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="client_secret" type="String" optional>
    The client secret.
    This parameter is optional when the `Authorization` header is provided.
    Please see the [the Client Secret table](#client-secret) for more details.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="user_code" type="String" required>
    The end-user verification code.
    This is the code that a user entered during the Device Authorization grant which you are requesting to be validated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<API method="POST" uri="/oauth2/device/user-code" authentication={["api-key"]} title="Validate and retrieve a user_code using an API key"/>

#### Request Headers

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Content-Type" type="String" required>
    This value must be set to `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Request Parameters

Ensure you are sending these parameters as form encoded data in the request body, do not send these parameters in a query string.

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="user_code" type="String" required>
    The end-user verification code.
    This is the code that a user entered during the Device Authorization grant which you are requesting to be validated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

_Response Codes_

| Code | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
|------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 200  | The request was successful. The response will contain a JSON body.                                                                                                                                                  |
| 400  | The request was invalid and/or malformed. The response will contain a JSON message with the specific errors. The error response JSON is covered in the [OAuth Error section](#oautherror) of the API documentation. |
| 401  | The provided client credentials are invalid, or the API key if provided is not valid.                                                                                                                               |
| 500  | There was a FusionAuth internal error. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files.                                                                                                            |

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="client_id" type="String">
    The unique client identifier provided on the Device Authorize request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="deviceInfo.description" type="String">
    The optional device description provided on the Device Authorize request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="deviceInfo.name" type="String">
    The optional device name provided on the Device Authorize request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="deviceInfo.type" type="String">
    The optional device type provided on the Device Authorize request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="expires_in" type="Integer">
    The number of seconds the <InlineField>device_code</InlineField> and <InlineField>user_code</InlineField> tokens will remain active.

    This is how long you have to complete the Device grant.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="pendingIdPLink.displayName" type="String">
    The human readable name of the user represented by the linking token provided in the `idp-link:` scope value optionally provided on the Device Authorize request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="pendingIdPLink.identityProviderId" type="String">
    The unique Identity Provider Id associated with the linking token provided in the `idp-link:` scope value optionally provided on the Device Authorize request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="pendingIdPLink.identityProviderName" type="String">
    The name of the Identity Provider associated with the linking token provided in the `idp-link:` scope value optionally provided on the Device Authorize request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="pendingIdPLink.identityProviderType" type="String">
    The type of the Identity Provider associated with the linking token provided in the `idp-link:` scope value optionally provided on the Device Authorize request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="pendingIdPLink.identityProviderUserId" type="String">
    The unique user Id of the user represented by the linking token provided in the `idp-link:` scope value optionally provided on the Device Authorize request.

    This value is a unique Id that links a FusionAuth user to a user in a third-party identity provider.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="scope" type="String" since="1.50.0">
    The value that should be used for the <InlineField>scope</InlineField> parameter during the interactive portion of the Device Code Grant.
    The value contains the same scopes as the [Device Authorize](#device-authorize) request with the following scopes excluded:
    * `openid`
    * `offline_access`
    * `idp-link:` prefixed scopes
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the Tenant.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="user_code" type="String">
    The end-user verification code. This is the same value that was provided in the request body.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example JSON Response" src="oauth/device_user_code_response.json" />

### Device Validate

<Aside type="version">
This endpoint has been available since 1.11.0
</Aside>

This endpoint validates the end-user provided <InlineField>user_code</InlineField> from the user-interaction of the Device Authorization Grant.

If you build your own activation form you should validate the user provided code prior to beginning the Authorization grant.
If you choose to redirect to the FusionAuth provided form `/oauth2/device` then it is not necessary for you to validate the <InlineField>user_code</InlineField>.

<API method="GET" uri="/oauth2/device/validate?client_id={client_id}&user_code={user_code}"/>

### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="client_id" type="String" required>
    The unique client identifier.
    The client Id is the Id of the FusionAuth Application in which you are attempting to authenticate.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="user_code" type="String" required>
    The end-user verification code.
    This is the code that a user entered during the Device Authorization grant which you are requesting to be validated.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

_Response Codes_

| Code | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
|------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 200  | The request was successful. No response body will be returned on successful validation.                                                                                                                             |
| 400  | The request was invalid and/or malformed. The response will contain a JSON message with the specific errors. The error response JSON is covered in the [OAuth Error section](#oautherror) of the API documentation. |
| 500  | There was a FusionAuth internal error. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files.                                                                                                            |

### Device Approve

<Aside type="version">
This endpoint has been available since 1.46.0
</Aside>

Approve a <InlineField>user_code</InlineField> returned from the [Device Authorize](#device-authorize). If you are using the FusionAuth themed page for `/oauth2/device` you do not need to use this because the grant will be automatically approved once the user has completed authentication and the OAuth2 Grant has completed.

If you are building your own integration to collect the `user_code` from the end user, and wish to approve the Device Grant after authenticating the user, use this API to approve the device code allowing the Device Grant to complete.

<API method="POST" uri="/oauth2/device/approve"/>

#### Request Headers

<APIBlock>
  <AuthorizationHeader />
  <APIField name="Content-Type" type="String" required>
    This value must be set to `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Request Parameters

Ensure you are sending these parameters as form encoded data in the request body, do not send these parameters in a query string.

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="client_id" type="String" optional>
    The unique client identifier.
    The client Id is the Id of the FusionAuth Application in which you are attempting to authenticate.

    This parameter is optional when the `Authorization` header is provided.
    When the `Authorization` header is not provided, this parameter is then required.
    Prior to version `1.3.1` this parameter was always required.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="client_secret" type="String" optional>
    The client secret.
    This parameter is optional when the `Authorization` header is provided.
    Please see the [the Client Secret table](#client-secret) for more details.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="token" type="String" required>
    The access token returned by this OAuth provider as the result of a successful authentication. This token must contain a `sub` claim which will be used to identify the FusionAuth User.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="user_code" type="String" required>
    The end-user verification code.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

_Response Codes_

| Code | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
|------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 200  | The request was successful. The response will contain a JSON body.                                                                                                                                                  |
| 400  | The request was invalid and/or malformed. The response will contain a JSON message with the specific errors. The error response JSON is covered in the [OAuth Error section](#oautherror) of the API documentation. |
| 401  | The client could not be verified. Verify your `client_id` and `client_secret` are valid and authorized for this request.                                                                                            |
| 500  | There was a FusionAuth internal error. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files.                                                                                                            |

#### Response Body

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="deviceGrantStatus" type="String">
    The device grant status. This will always be `Approved`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="deviceInfo.description" type="String">
    The optional device description provided on the Device Authorize request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="deviceInfo.name" type="String">
    The optional device name provided on the Device Authorize request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="deviceInfo.type" type="String">
    The optional device type provided on the Device Authorize request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="identityProviderLink.displayName" type="String">
    The human readable name of the user represented by the linking token provided in the `idp-link:` scope value optionally provided on the Device Authorize request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="identityProviderLink.identityProviderId" type="String">
    The unique Identity Provider Id associated with the linking token provided in the `idp-link:` scope value optionally provided on the Device Authorize request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="identityProviderLink.identityProviderName" type="String" since="1.47.0">
    The name of the Identity Provider associated with the linking token provided in the `idp-link:` scope value optionally provided on the Device Authorize request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="identityProviderLink.identityProviderType" type="String">
    The type of the Identity Provider associated with the linking token provided in the `idp-link:` scope value optionally provided on the Device Authorize request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="identityProviderLink.identityProviderUserId" type="String">
    The unique user Id of the user represented by the linking token provided in the `idp-link:` scope value optionally provided on the Device Authorize request.

    This value is a unique Id that links a FusionAuth user to a user in a third-party identity provider.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="identityProviderLink.insertInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) when the identity provider link was created.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="identityProviderLink.lastLoginInstant" type="Long">
    The [instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants) when the User logged in last using this identity provider.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tenantId" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the Tenant.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="userId" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the User.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example JSON Response" src="oauth/device_approve_response.json" />

## Introspect

This is an implementation of the Introspect endpoint as defined by the [RFC 7662](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7662).

### Request

Inspect an access token issued by this OAuth provider

<API method="POST" uri="/oauth2/introspect"/>

#### Request Headers

<APIBlock>
  <AuthorizationHeader />
  <APIField name="Content-Type" type="String" required>
    This value must be set to `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Request Parameters

Ensure you are sending these parameters as form encoded data in the request body, do not send these parameters in a query string.

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="client_id" type="String" optional>
    The unique client identifier.
    The client Id is the Id of the FusionAuth Application in which you are attempting to authenticate.

    This parameter is optional when the `Authorization` header is provided.
    When the `Authorization` header is not provided, this parameter is then required.
    Prior to version `1.46.0` this parameter was always required.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="client_secret" type="String" optional since="1.46.0">
    The client secret.
    This parameter is optional when the `Authorization` header is provided.
    Please see the [the Client Secret table](#client-secret) for more details.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="token" type="String" required>
    The access token returned by this OAuth provider as the result of a successful authentication.

    Starting in version `1.46.0` this endpoint will also accept a token generated by the Client Credentials Grant.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="token_type_hint" type="String" optional>
    An optional hint to identify the token type.

    When this value is omitted, the token can be an `access_token` or `id_token`. When this value is specified, it must match the token type.

    In order to use a refresh token, this value must be set to `refresh_token`.

    The possible values are:
    - `access_token`
    - `id_token`
    - `refresh_token` <AvailableSince since="1.60.0"/>
  </APIField>

</APIBlock>

```plaintext options="wrap" title="Example HTTP Request"
POST /oauth2/introspect HTTP/1.1
Host: piedpiper.fusionauth.io
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Accept: */*
Content-Length: 436
client_id=3c219e58-ed0e-4b18-ad48-f4f92793ae32&token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJleHAiOjE1MTM3MTM3NzIsImlhdCI6MTUxMzcxMDE3MiwiaXNzIjoiYWNtZS5jb20iLCJzdWIiOiI3MWMxZjE5Yy1kZTRlLTRiZDEtODc3My0zNThkYmIwNWYxNWEiLCJlbWFpbCI6ImRhbmllbEBpbnZlcnNvZnQuY29tIiwiYXBwbGljYXRpb 25JZCI6IjAwMDAwMDAwLTAwMDAtMDAwMC0wMDAwLTAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMSIsImF1dGhlbnRpY2F0aW9uVHlwZSI6IlBBU1NXT1JEIiwicm9sZXMiOltdfQ.KxfM37hlw-5mKXOP9bCm7O6qdQdleT4gJmudhFueiJA
```

### Response

_Response Codes_

| Code | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
|------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 200  | The request was successful.                                                                                                                                                                                        |
| 400  | The request was invalid and/or malformed. The response will contain a JSON message with the specific errors. The error response JSON is covered in the [OAuth Error section](#oautherror) of the API documentation. |
| 401  | The token provided in the request was not issued for the `client_id` provided on the request.                                                                                                                      |
| 500  | There was a FusionAuth internal error. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files.                                                                                                           |
| 503  | The search index is not available or encountered an exception so the request cannot be completed. The response will contain a JSON body.                                                                           |

#### Response Body
This is an example response body when the provided `access_token` was issued on behalf of a user using the Authorization Code Grant, Implicit Grant, Password Credentials Grant or Refresh Token Grant.

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="active" type="String">
    When this value is `true` the token is valid and additional claims will be provided in the response body.
    When this value is `false` no claims will be provided in the response body.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the Application for which the user has been authenticated. This claim is only present if the user is registered for the application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="aud" type="String">
    The `client_id` that was used to request the access token.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="auth_time" type="Long">
    The time of the initial authentication request, expressed as [unix time](/docs/reference/data-types#unix-time). The value will not change even if the token is re-issued using a Refresh Token.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="authenticationType" type="String">
    The method used to authenticate the user that resulted in the generated JWT.
    The possible values are:

    * `APPLE` - The user was authenticated using Apple. <AvailableSince since="1.17.0" />
    * `APPLICATION_TOKEN` - The user was authenticated using an [Application Authentication Token](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/application-authentication-tokens).
    * `FACEBOOK` - The user was authenticated using Facebook. &nbsp; <AvailableSince since="1.1.0" />
    * `FEDERATED_JWT` - The user was authenticated using a JWT from an external Identity Provider.
    * `GENERIC_CONNECTOR` - The user was authenticated using a generic connector.  &nbsp; <AvailableSince since="1.18.0" />
    * `GOOGLE` - The user was authenticated using Google. <AvailableSince since="1.1.0" />
    * `HYPR` - The user was authenticated using HYPR provider. <AvailableSince since="1.12.0" />
    * `JWT_SSO` - A valid JWT authorized to one Application was exchanged for another JWT authorized to a different Application.
    * `LDAP_CONNECTOR` - The user was authenticated using an LDAP connector.  &nbsp; <AvailableSince since="1.18.0" />
    * `LINKEDIN` - The user was authenticated using LinkedIn.  &nbsp; <AvailableSince since="1.23.0" />
    * `ONE_TIME_PASSWORD` The user was authenticated using a one time password. &nbsp; <AvailableSince since="1.5.0" />
    * `OPENID_CONNECT` - The user was authenticated using an external OpenID Connect provider. <AvailableSince since="1.1.0" />
    * `PASSWORD` - The user was authenticated using a loginId and password combination.
    * `PASSWORDLESS` - The user was authenticated using a passwordless login link. &nbsp; <AvailableSince since="1.5.0" />
    * `PING` - The user was authenticated using a `PUT` request on the Login API. This is used to record a login event without prompting for credentials.
    * `REGISTRATION` - The user was created using the Registration API.  &nbsp; <AvailableSince since="1.16.0" />
    * `REFRESH_TOKEN` - The user requested a new JWT using a Refresh Token.
    * `SAMLv2` - The user was authenticated using an external SAMLv2 provider. <AvailableSince since="1.6.0" />
    * `TWITTER` - The user was authenticated using Twitter. <AvailableSince since="1.1.0" />
    * `USER_CREATE` - The user was created using the User API. &nbsp; <AvailableSince since="1.16.0" />
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="cnf" type="Object" since="1.63.0">
    The confirmation claim, which is present for DPoP tokens. The `jkt` field contains the base64url encoding of the JWK SHA-256 Thumbprint of the DPoP public key (in JWK format) to which the access token is bound.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="email" type="String">
    The email address of the user.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="email_verified" type="Boolean">
    The verification status of the <InlineField>email</InlineField>. This value is `true` when the email is verified.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="exp" type="Long">
    The expiration instant of the access token, expressed as [unix time](/docs/reference/data-types#unix-time).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="iat" type="Long">
    The instant the access token was issued, expressed as [unix time](/docs/reference/data-types#unix-time).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="iss" type="String">
    The issuer of the access token.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="jti" type="String">
    The unique identifier of the access token.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="phone_number" type="String" since="1.50.0">
    The phone number of the user if available. <InlineField>user.phoneNumber</InlineField> or <InlineField>user.mobilePhone</InlineField> will be used in this order of precedence.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="phone_number_verified" type="Boolean" since="1.59.0">
    The verification status of the <InlineField>phone_number</InlineField>. This value is `true` when the phone number is verified.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="preferred_username" type="String" since="1.5.0">
    The username of the user whose claims are represented by this JWT.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="roles" type="String">
    The roles assigned to the user in the authenticated Application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="scope" type="String">
    The scope of the access token. This will only be present if scope was requested during authentication.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="sub" type="UUID">
    The subject of the token. The value is the unique Id of the FusionAuth user.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tid" type="UUID" since="1.36.0">
    The unique Id of the user's tenant.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example JSON Response for a valid token" src="oauth/introspect_valid_token_response.json" />

<JSON title="Example JSON Response for an invalid token" src="oauth/introspect_invalid_token_response.json" />

<JSON title="Example JSON Response for a a valid refresh token" src="oauth/introspect_valid_refresh_token_response.json" />

#### Response Body

<Aside type="version">
Available Since Version 1.46.0
</Aside>

This is an example response body when the provided `access_token` was issued as the result of the Client Credentials Grant.

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="active" type="String">
    When this value is `true` the token is valid and additional claims will be provided in the response body.
    When this value is `false` no claims will be provided in the response body.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="aud" type="Object">
    The intended audience of this access token. This value may be a string or an array of string values representing one to many intended entities.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="cnf" type="Object" since="1.63.0">
    The confirmation claim, which is present for DPoP tokens. The `jkt` field contains the base64url encoding of the JWK SHA-256 Thumbprint of the DPoP public key (in JWK format) to which the access token is bound.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="exp" type="Long">
    The expiration instant of the access token, expressed as [unix time](/docs/reference/data-types#unix-time).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="iat" type="Long">
    The instant the access token was issued, expressed as [unix time](/docs/reference/data-types#unix-time).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="iss" type="String">
    The issuer of the access token.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="jti" type="String">
    The unique identifier of the access token.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="permissions">
    The optional permissions requested for this access token. If no permissions were requested, this token represents all permissions allowed by the grant.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="sub" type="UUID">
    The subject of the token. The value is the unique Id of the FusionAuth user.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tid" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the user's tenant.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<JSON title="Example JSON Response for an valid token" src="oauth/introspect_client_credentials_grant_response.json" />

<JSON title="Example JSON Response for an invalid token" src="oauth/introspect_invalid_token_response.json" />

## UserInfo

This is an implementation of the OpenID Connect UserInfo endpoint as defined by the [OpenID Connect Section 5.3](http://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html#UserInfo).
This endpoint may be called using the `GET` or the `POST` HTTP method.

<Aside type="note">
  In version `1.50.0` and later, the UserInfo response can be customized with a lambda using the <InlineField>oauthConfiguration.userinfoPopulateLambda</InlineField> value of the application object. See [UserInfo populate lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/userinfo-populate).
</Aside>

### Request

Returns the Claims about the authenticated End-User.

<API method="GET" uri="/oauth2/userinfo"/>

Returns the Claims about the authenticated End-User.

<API method="POST" uri="/oauth2/userinfo"/>

#### Request Headers

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Authorization" type="String" required>
    The access token issued by FusionAuth as a result of completing one of the supported authorization grants.

    Example header:

    ```
    Authorization: Bearer [access_token]
    ```

    <Aside type="caution">
      <UserInfoAudClaimLimits />
    </Aside>

    <Aside type="note">
      In version `1.50.0` and later when the application's <InlineField>oauthConfiguration.scopeHandlingPolicy</InlineField> is set to `Strict`, to use a token with this endpoint, the token must:

      * Be an access token
      * Contain the `openid` scope in the `scope` claim
    </Aside>
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

<Aside type="note">
  In version `1.50.0` and later the UserInfo response changes based on the <InlineField>oauthConfiguration.scopeHandlingPolicy</InlineField> value of the application object.

  * In `Strict` mode the response claims are populated based on the `scope` values of the provided token and available information on the user object. This behavior more closely aligns with the OpenID Connect 1.0 specification recommendations.
  * In `Compatibility` mode the response claims are populated based on available information on the user object only and include some claims from the provided token. This is behavior allows for backwards compatibility with versions of FusionAuth before 1.50.0.
</Aside>

_Response Codes_

| Code | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
|------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 200  | The request was successful. The response will contain a JSON body.                                                                                                                                                 |
| 400  | The request was invalid and/or malformed. The response will contain a JSON message with the specific errors. The error response JSON is covered in the [OAuth Error section](#oautherror) of the API documentation. |
| 401  | The `Authorization` header containing the access token is missing or malformed.                                                                                                                                    |
| 500  | There was a FusionAuth internal error. A stack trace is provided and logged in the FusionAuth log files.                                                                                                           |
| 503  | The search index is not available or encountered an exception so the request cannot be completed. The response will contain a JSON body.                                                                           |

#### Response Body

<UserInfoResponse show_since={true} />

## JSON Web Key Set (JWKS)

<Aside type="version">
Available Since Version 1.4.0
</Aside>

### Request

Returns public keys generated by FusionAuth, used to cryptographically verify JWTs using the JSON Web Key format.
You may also use the [JWT Public Key](/docs/apis/jwt#retrieve-public-keys) API to retrieve these keys in PEM format.

<API method="GET" uri="/.well-known/jwks.json"/>


<Aside type="note">
You must add an asymmetric key to FusionAuth to have keys at this endpoint.
Since version 1.50.0, default FusionAuth installations have a single RSA public/private key pair.

HMAC shared secret keys are not published by this endpoint. If they were, anyone would be able to retrieve these keys and then sign tokens with them. Those tokens would be indistinguishable from those created by FusionAuth. That would be bad.

You may add key pairs using the admin UI by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Key Master</Breadcrumb> and generating or importing them.
You may also use the [Keys API](/docs/apis/keys) to generate or import keys.
</Aside>

### Response

The response for this request should always return a `200` with a JSON body.

<JSON title="Example JSON Response" src="openid/jwks/response.json" />

## OpenID Configuration

The OpenID metadata describing the configuration as defined by [Section 3. OpenID Provider Metadata](https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-discovery-1_0.html#ProviderMetadata).

### Request

Returns the well known OpenID Configuration JSON document

<API method="GET" uri="/{tenantId}/.well-known/openid-configuration"/>

#### URL segment

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="tenantId" type="UUID" required since="1.46.0">
    The tenant identifier.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

<API method="GET" uri="/.well-known/openid-configuration"/>

#### Request Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="tenantId" type="UUID" optional since="1.8.0">
    The tenant identifier.
    If provided then a specific issuer will be returned, when this property is not provided the default tenant Id will be used.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Response

The response for this request should always return a `200` with a JSON body.

<JSON title="Example JSON Response" src="openid/configuration/response.json" />

## OAuthError

Errors are either returned in a JSON response body, or as redirect parameters depending on expected response type.

### JSON Response

When an error is returned from an OAuth endpoint as a JSON body the following structure can be expected in the response.
The `change_password_id` field will only be present on the response if a password change is required.

<JSON title="Example JSON Response" src="oauth/oauth_error_password_change_response.json" />

### Redirect Parameters

When an error is returned from an OAuth endpoint as a redirect, the errors are put on the redirect as query parameters.

```plaintext title="Example HTTP Redirect"
HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Location: https://piedpiper.com/callback?
           error=unsupported_response_type
           &error_reason=invalid_response_type
           &error_description=Parameter+response_type+must+be+set+to+code+or+token.
           &state=bEF7UItzlhNvE31Rf0_axShomu_vU30tMeJcqMZ9LfA0
```

### Error Fields

Regardless of the way the error is returned to you, the field definitions are the same.
Each possible value <InlineField>error</InlineField> and <InlineField>error_reason</InlineField> is documented below.


#### Error Parameters

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="error" type="String">
    The OAuth error response type.
    In most cases these values are defined or suggested by an RFC or other specification.

    The possible values are:

    * `access_denied`
    * `authorization_pending`
    * `change_password_required`
    * `consent_required`
    * `expired_token`
    * `interaction_required`
    * `invalid_client`
    * `invalid_dpop_proof`
    * `invalid_grant`
    * `invalid_request`
    * `invalid_scope`
    * `invalid_token`
    * `login_required`
    * `not_licensed`
    * `server_error`
    * `two_factor_required`
    * `unauthorized_client`
    * `unsupported_grant_type`
    * `unsupported_response_type`
    * `unsupported_token_type`
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="error_description" type="String">
    The human-readable OAuth error description.
    This description should describe the error condition and it may contain a parameter value that caused the error.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="error_reason" type="String">
    The OAuth error reason.
    These reason codes are defined by FusionAuth to provide you a specific reason code so that you may identify the specific reason the request failed.
    The defined <InlineField>error</InlineField> codes as defined by OAuth2 or OpenID Connect only provide general indications such as an invalid request that may be caused by more than one parameter.
    Each of the values returned in this field will represent a specific error.

    The possible values are:

    * `access_token_expired`
    * `access_token_failed_processing`
    * `access_token_invalid`
    * `access_token_malformed`
    * `access_token_required`
    * `access_token_unavailable_for_processing`
    * `auth_code_not_found`
    * `authentication_required`
    * `change_password_administrative`
    * `change_password_breached`
    * `change_password_expired`
    * `change_password_validation`
    * `client_authentication_missing`
    * `client_id_mismatch`
    * `consent_canceled`
    * `consent_required`
    * `email_verification_required`
    * `grant_type_disabled`
    * `invalid_additional_client_id`
    * `invalid_client_authentication`
    * `invalid_client_authentication_scheme`
    * `invalid_client_id`
    * `invalid_device_code`
    * `invalid_entity_permission_scope`
    * `invalid_expires_in`
    * `invalid_grant_type`
    * `invalid_id_token_hint`
    * `invalid_origin`
    * `invalid_origin_opaque`
    * `invalid_pkce_code_challenge`
    * `invalid_pkce_code_challenge_method`
    * `invalid_pkce_code_verifier`
    * `invalid_post_logout_redirect_uri`
    * `invalid_prompt`
    * `invalid_redirect_uri`
    * `invalid_response_mode`
    * `invalid_response_type`
    * `invalid_target_entity_scope`
    * `invalid_tenant_id`
    * `invalid_user_code`
    * `invalid_user_credentials`
    * `invalid_user_id`
    * `login_prevented`
    * `missing_client_id`
    * `missing_client_secret`
    * `missing_code`
    * `missing_code_challenge`
    * `missing_code_verifier`
    * `missing_device_code`
    * `missing_grant_type`
    * `missing_redirect_uri`
    * `missing_refresh_token`
    * `missing_required_scope`
    * `missing_response_type`
    * `missing_tenant_id`
    * `missing_token`
    * `missing_user_code`
    * `missing_user_id`
    * `missing_verification_uri`
    * `multi_factor_challenge_required`
    * `not_licensed`
    * `phone_verification_required`
    * `refresh_token_not_found`
    * `refresh_token_type_not_supported`
    * `registration_missing_requirement`
    * `registration_required`
    * `registration_verification_required`
    * `unknown`
    * `unknown_scope`
    * `user_code_expired`
    * `user_expired`
    * `user_locked`
    * `user_not_found`
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="state" type="String">
    The state that was provided on the Authorization request.
    This parameter is only returned during an HTTP redirect if it was provided on the initial request.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

## Client Secret

This table describes when the <InlineField>client_secret</InlineField> is required.

In each of the endpoint's documentation, it describes when and how to use the `client_secret` in the request body or the Authorization header using HTTP Basic Auth.

Even when the client secret is not required, if it is provided it will be validated.

Previous to version `1.28.0`, whether the client secret was required was controlled by the <InlineField>oauthConfiguration.requireClientAuthentication</InlineField> value of the application object.
In that case, a value of `true` is equivalent to a <InlineField>clientAuthenticationPolicy</InlineField> of `Required` and a value of `false` is equivalent to a <InlineField>clientAuthenticationPolicy</InlineField> of `NotRequired`.

For versions `1.28.0` or later, use <InlineField>oauthConfiguration.clientAuthenticationPolicy</InlineField> to configure this functionality.

_When Is the Client Secret Required_


| Grant                      | clientAuthenticationPolicy value | PKCE Used | Client Secret Required    |
|----------------------------|----------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------|
| Authorization Code Grant   | `Required`                       | -         | Yes                       |
| Authorization Code Grant   | `NotRequired`                    | -         | No                        |
| Authorization Code Grant   | `NotRequiredWhenUsingPKCE`       | Yes       | No                        |
| Authorization Code Grant   | `NotRequiredWhenUsingPKCE`       | No        | Yes                       |
| Implicit Grant             | N/A                              | -         | -                         |
| Password Credentials Grant | `Required`                       | -         | Yes                       |
| Password Credentials Grant | `NotRequired`                    | -         | No                        |
| Refresh Token Grant        | `Required`                       | -         | Yes                       |
| Refresh Token Grant        | `NotRequired`                    | -         | No                        |

# OAuth

import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import ApplicationOAuthSettings from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_application-oauth-settings.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import ClientCredentialsPermissionsExplanation from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/_client_credentials_permissions_explanation.mdx';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import ClientCredentialsScopesOmitted from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/_client_credentials_scopes_omitted.mdx';
import ClientCredentialsScopesSingleEntity from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/_client_credentials_scopes_single_entity.mdx';
import ClientCredentialsScopesMultipleEntities from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/_client_credentials_scopes_multiple_entities.mdx';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

FusionAuth supports the following grant types as defined by the OAuth 2.0 framework in [RFC 6749](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749), [RFC 8628](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8628), and [OpenID Connect Core](https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html).

* Authorization Code Grant
* Implicit Grant
* Password Grant (also referred to as the Resource Owner Credentials Grant)
* Refresh Token Grant
* Client Credentials Grant
* Device Authorization Grant

To begin using the FusionAuth login system, start by configuring your Application for OAuth2.

To begin using the Client Credentials grant, start by configuring Entities.

It is recommended to utilize the Authorization Code Grant unless you have a technical requirement that makes a different grant a better choice. The following outline some example login flows.

* [Example Authorization Code Grant](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/#example-authorization-code-grant)
* [Example Implicit Grant](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/#example-implicit-grant)
* [Example Password Grant](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/#example-resource-owner-password-credentials-grant)
* [Example Refresh Token Grant](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/#example-refresh-token-grant)
* [Example Client Credentials Grant](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/#example-client-credentials-grant)
* [Example Device Authorization Grant](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/#example-device-authorization-grant)

You can also learn about [OAuth Modes](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/modes), which are different methods of using OAuth that are higher level than the individual grants.

## Configure Application OAuth Settings

Navigate to the Application configuration from the main menu, **Applications**.

If you have already created a FusionAuth Application for the purpose of your application, you do not need to create another, however you will still need to complete the OAuth configuration. If an application has not yet been created, click *Add* and name your application accordingly and fill out the OAuth configuration.

In this example you will see we have created a new Application named `Pied Piper` and have filled out the fields in the OAuth Configuration tab. A FusionAuth application represents an authenticated resource that you will be using with FusionAuth.

Additional OAuth controls can be managed through [Tenant Configuration](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenants#tenant-configuration).

{/*  TBD take screencap of this */}
<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/oauth-application.png" alt="Application OAuth Configuration" width="1200" role="shadowed" />

### OAuth Form Fields

<ApplicationOAuthSettings />

### OAuth Scopes

The supported OAuth grant types that involve user interaction allow specifying a space-delimited set of OAuth scopes via the <InlineField>scope</InlineField> request parameter. See [Scopes](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/scopes) for more information on configuring the application's OAuth scope policies, managing custom OAuth scopes, and prompting for user consent to granting scopes to third-party applications.

## Configure Entities

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

The Client Credentials grant takes place between two Entities. You can learn more about [Entities](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/entity-management) in the Core Concepts section.

There are two entities which take part in a Client Credentials grant in FusionAuth: the recipient Entity and the target Entity.

Imagine you have a todo API which lets you create, read, update, and delete todos. You also have an email API, which lets you send emails. You can represent these both in FusionAuth as Entities.

When building functionality to allow the todo API to send email reminders, grant permissions on the email API (the target Entity) to the todo API (the recipient Entity). To set up this relationship:

* Create an API entity type with the following permissions: `execute` and `configure`.
* Create a todo API entity
* Create an email API entity
* Grant the todo API `execute` permissions on the email API

The todo API is the recipient Entity, because it receives the permissions to call the email API. The email API is the target Entity, because it will process the token. The email API is the system to which access is controlled.

The set up happens once and then the todo API can perform the client credentials grant any time it needs to call the email API. It will get a token at the end of a successful grant and can present that to the email API.

You may configure Entities and Grants via the FusionAuth API or the administrative user interface. You can specify the <InlineField>Client Id</InlineField> and <InlineField>Client Secret</InlineField> if desired.

Below is the creation screen for an Entity:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/add-entity-client-credentials.png" alt="Setting up an Entity" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Below is the management screen for an Entity where you'd add or remove Grants:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/add-grant.png" alt="Adding a Grant to an Entity" width="1200" />

Here's an example of adding a Grant to an Entity via the API:

```shell title="Example Grant Request"
API_KEY=...
TARGET_ENTITY_ID=e13365f1-a270-493e-bd1b-3d239d753d53
RECIPIENT_ENTITY_ID=2934f41f-d277-4a32-b0d5-16e47dad9721

curl \
  -XPOST \
  -H "content-type: application/json" \
  -H "Authorization: $API_KEY"  \
  'https://local.fusionauth.io/api/entity/'$TARGET_ENTITY_ID'/grant' -d'
{
  "grant": {
    "recipientEntityId": "'$RECIPIENT_ENTITY_ID'",
    "permissions" : ["read","write"]
  }
}
'
```

Next, learn how to perform a [Client Credentials Grant](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/#example-client-credentials-grant).


## Example Authorization Code Grant

<Aside type="note">
Mobile applications require additional security in implementing the Authorization Code Grant Flow due to inability to safely store a client-secret and the potential of the authorization code being intercepted.

For these reasons, it is best practice to implement the Authorization Code Grant Flow with [Proof Key for Code Exchange](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7636) (PKCE, pronounced "pixie").

Review the [Authorization](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#authorize) and [Token](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#token) endpoint documentation for additional detail on these necessary request parameters.
</Aside>


### Point your application to the authorize endpoint

Now that your FusionAuth application has been configured to use the OAuth provider, you may now point the login for your application to the FusionAuth authorize endpoint which will now handle user authentication.

For the purposes of this example, I will make the assumption that FusionAuth App is running locally at `http://localhost:9011`, the `client_id` will be found on the OAuth tab in the application configuration, the `redirect_uri` will be where you wish FusionAuth to redirect the browser when the authorization step has completed. This value will need to be predefined in the authorized redirect URLs in the OAuth configuration. The `response_type` will always be `code` for this grant type.  The `tenantId` will be the unique Id of the tenant this request is scoped for, the tenant's configured theme will be applied.

Review the [Authorization](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#authorize) endpoint documentation for more detail.

```
http://localhost:9011/oauth2/authorize?client_id=06494b74-a796-4723-af44-1bdb96b48875&redirect_uri=https://www.piedpiper.com/login&response_type=code&tenantId=78dda1c8-14d4-4c98-be75-0ccef244297d
```

### Consume the authorization code returned from the authorize request

When the authorize request completes successfully it will respond with a status code of `302` to the location provided by the redirect_uri parameter. The request will contain a code parameter which can be exchanged for an access token. The access token contains the user Id of the authenticated user which can then be used to retrieve the entire user object.

Review the [Token](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#token) endpoint documentation for more detail. The following is an example redirect URI containing the authorization code.

```
https://www.piedpiper.com/login?code=+WYT3XemV4f81ghHi4V+RyNwvATDaD4FIj0BpfFC4Wzg=&userState=Authenticated
```

### Exchange the authorization code for an access token

The last step to complete the authentication process and retrieve the user's Id is to exchange the returned authorization code for an
access token. The JSON response will contain the user Id of the authenticated user.

If the authorization code grant is being implemented in a Single Page App (SPA), the token request should be made by the application server in order to keep the client secret secure from introspection of the client code.

Line breaks have been added for readability.

```plaintext title="Example HTTP Request"
POST /oauth2/token HTTP/1.1
Host: piedpiper.fusionauth.io
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Accept: */*
Content-Length: 436
client_id=3c219e58-ed0e-4b18-ad48-f4f92793ae32
    &code=+WYT3XemV4f81ghHi4V+RyNwvATDaD4FIj0BpfFC4Wzg
    &grant_type=authorization_code
    &redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.piedpiper.com%2Flogin
```

```json title="Example HTTP Response"
{
  "access_token" : "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJleHAiOjE0ODUxNDA5ODQsImlhdCI6MTQ4NTEzNzM4NCwiaXNzIjoiYWNtZS5jb20iLCJzdWIiOiIyOWFjMGMxOC0wYjRhLTQyY2YtODJmYy0wM2Q1NzAzMThhMWQiLCJhcHBsaWNhdGlvbklkIjoiNzkxMDM3MzQtOTdhYi00ZDFhLWFmMzctZTAwNmQwNWQyOTUyIiwicm9sZXMiOltdfQ.Mp0Pcwsz5VECK11Kf2ZZNF_SMKu5CgBeLN9ZOP04kZo",
  "expires_in" : 3600,
  "token_type" : "Bearer",
  "userId" : "3b6d2f70-4821-4694-ac89-60333c9c4165"
}
```

### Verify Authorization

If you only need to validate registration and User roles, this can be done by inspecting the JWT payload as returned in the `access_token`
property of the response body.

If you require the entire User object to validate authorization, you may need to retrieve the entire User. The User may be
retrieved in one of several ways. If you have an API key you can retrieve the User by Id or email, these two values are returned in the JWT
payload. The email address is returned in the `email` identity claim, and the User's Id is returned in the `sub` identity claim. You may
also retrieve the User without an API key by utilizing the JWT as returned in the `access_token` property in the response body.

See the [Retrieve a User](/docs/apis/users#retrieve-a-user) API for examples.

You may also choose to use the [Introspect](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#introspect) or [Userinfo](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#userinfo) endpoints to validate the access token returned from the Token endpoint and to provide you decoded claims as a JSON object.

Now that you have the user, or retrieved the roles from the JWT, you may review their roles and registration to ensure they have adequate
authority for the intended action, and if the user is not yet registered for the requested application, you can either fail their login,
or complete a registration workflow. Once you have determined a user can be logged into your application, you'll need to log them into
your application. For a web based application, this generally will include creating an HTTP session and storing the user in the newly created session.

### Log Out

To log the user out, a typical workflow would include first logging out of your application, if that is successful, you would then log the
user out of FusionAuth. This is accomplished by making a `GET` request to the `/oauth2/logout` endpoint. The logout request will complete
with a `302` redirect to the configured logout URL.

Line breaks have been added for readability.

```plaintext title="Example HTTP Response"
GET /oauth2/logout?
      client_id=06494b74-a796-4723-af44-1bdb96b48875
      &tenantId=78dda1c8-14d4-4c98-be75-0ccef244297d HTTP/1.1
Host: piedpiper.fusionauth.io
```

```plaintext title="Example HTTP Request"
HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Location: https://www.piedpiper.com
```

## Example Implicit Grant

<Aside type="caution">
*Warning*

The Authorization Code Grant is always preferred over the Implicit Grant due to the inherent security risks of this grant. This grant is provided for compatibility with existing integrations but the use of this grant is not recommended.

When using this grant type the access token will be returned on the URL as a fragment which makes it susceptible to being intercepted. Additionally the client (the browser) does not have a secure way to store the token which makes the token susceptible to theft.

If you are still not convinced, proceed at your own risk and implement this grant type using the following example.
</Aside>

The Implicit Grant is similar to the Authorization grant, instead of exchanging a code for an access token, the token is provided in response to the initial authorization request.

### Make the authorization request to the authorization server

Make a `GET` request to the Authorize endpoint with the `client_id` and `redirect_uri`. The `response_type` will always be `token`. Below is an example HTTP request.

Line breaks have been added for readability.

```plaintext title="Example HTTP Request"
GET /oauth2/authorize?
      client_id=3c219e58-ed0e-4b18-ad48-f4f92793ae32
      &response_type=token
      &redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.piedpiper.com%2Fcallback
Host: piedpiper.fusionauth.io
```

&nbsp;

Upon successful authentication, a redirect to the configured <InlineField>redirect_uri</InlineField> will be made with an <InlineField>access_token</InlineField> as one of the redirect parameters. The following is an example HTTP 302 redirect, with line breaks added to improve readability. The redirect from an Implicit Grant will contain parameters after the fragment delimiter, `#`.

```plaintext title="HTTP Redirect Response"
HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Location: https://piedpiper.com/callback#
           access_token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJleHAiOjE0ODUxNDA5ODQsImlhdCI6MTQ4NTEzNzM4NCwiaXNzIjoiYWNtZS5jb20iLCJzdWIiOiIyOWFjMGMxOC0wYjRhLTQyY2YtODJmYy0wM2Q1NzAzMThhMWQiLCJhcHBsaWNhdGlvbklkIjoiNzkxMDM3MzQtOTdhYi00ZDFhLWFmMzctZTAwNmQwNWQyOTUyIiwicm9sZXMiOltdfQ.Mp0Pcwsz5VECK11Kf2ZZNF_SMKu5CgBeLN9ZOP04kZo
           &expires_in=3599
           &locale=fr
           &token_type=Bearer
           &userState=Authenticated
```

&nbsp;

## Example Resource Owner Password Credentials Grant

<Aside type="note">
*Note*

The Authorization Code Grant is nearly always preferred over the Resource Owner Password Credentials Grant. This grant is provided for compatibility with existing integrations but the use of this grant is not recommended.

The use of this grant removes the delegation pattern intended in the OAuth 2 framework. This means that you no longer will be delegating to FusionAuth to collect user credentials, instead you will be collecting the credentials and passing them to FusionAuth.
</Aside>

The Resource Owner Password Credentials Grant, also referred to as the Password Grant allows you to obtain an access token by directly providing the user credentials to the Token endpoint. This grant may also be used to receive a refresh token by specifying the `offline_access` scope.

### Exchange the user credentials for an access token

Once you have collected the user's email and password you will make a `POST` request to the Token endpoint. Below is an example HTTP request where the user's email is `richard@piedpiper.com` and password is `disrupt`. The `grant_type` will always be `password`.

Line breaks have been added for readability.

```plaintext title="Example HTTP Request"
POST /oauth2/token HTTP/1.1
Host: piedpiper.fusionauth.io
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Accept: */*
Content-Length: 436
client_id=3c219e58-ed0e-4b18-ad48-f4f92793ae32
    &grant_type=password
    &username=richard%40piedpiper.com
    &password=disrupt
    &scope=offline_access
```

```json title="Example HTTP Response"
{
  "access_token" : "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJleHAiOjE0ODUxNDA5ODQsImlhdCI6MTQ4NTEzNzM4NCwiaXNzIjoiYWNtZS5jb20iLCJzdWIiOiIyOWFjMGMxOC0wYjRhLTQyY2YtODJmYy0wM2Q1NzAzMThhMWQiLCJhcHBsaWNhdGlvbklkIjoiNzkxMDM3MzQtOTdhYi00ZDFhLWFmMzctZTAwNmQwNWQyOTUyIiwicm9sZXMiOltdfQ.Mp0Pcwsz5VECK11Kf2ZZNF_SMKu5CgBeLN9ZOP04kZo",
  "expires_in" : 3600,
  "refresh_token": "Nu00yJrGw0qlBJNUz2S6LJ3KZFN7uw6Dj4C2mnzF4I6wkM5xingxuw",
  "token_type" : "Bearer",
  "userId" : "3b6d2f70-4821-4694-ac89-60333c9c4165"
}
```

## Example Refresh Token Grant

An access token is designed to have a short time-to-live (TTL).  A related refresh token with a longer TTL can be used for generating new access tokens and extending a user's session.  The application's OAuth settings must be configured with "Generate refresh tokens" enabled, and "Refresh Token" as an "Enabled grant".

### Exchange a refresh token for an access token

With a refresh token obtained from a previous call to the /Authorize endpoint, a new access token may be generated with a `POST` request to the Token endpoint.  Below is an example HTTP request, the `grant_type` will always be `refresh_token`.

Line breaks have been added for readability.

```plaintext title="Example HTTP Request"
POST /oauth2/token HTTP/1.1
Host: piedpiper.fusionauth.io
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Accept: */*
Content-Length: 436
client_id=3c219e58-ed0e-4b18-ad48-f4f92793ae32
    &grant_type=refresh_token
    &refresh_token=Nu00yJrGw0qlBJNUz2S6LJ3KZFN7uw6Dj4C2mnzF4I6wkM5xingxuw
```

```json title="Example HTTP Response"
{
  "access_token": "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCIsImtpZCI6ImVjZWUzMTYyZjAifQ.eyJhdWQiOiI4YmY4YWIwYy1iMWNlLTQ0NjUtYmQzNy1jMTU1MThjYWU2YmQiLCJleHAiOjE1NzA0ODQwNTcsImlhdCI6MTU3MDQ4MDQ1NywiaXNzIjoiYWNtZS5jb20iLCJzdWIiOiJhZjRiMzk2Yy01MGM4LTQwNzQtOTA5YS0zYzgwNjU0OTEzMzUiLCJhdXRoZW50aWNhdGlvblR5cGUiOiJSRUZSRVNIX1RPS0VOIiwiZW1haWwiOiJqb2huQGRvZS5pbyIsImVtYWlsX3ZlcmlmaWVkIjp0cnVlLCJwcmVmZXJyZWRfdXNlcm5hbWUiOiJqb2hubnkxMjMiLCJyb2xlcyI6WyJjb21tdW5pdHlfaGVscGVyIiwidXNlciJdLCJhcHBsaWNhdGlvbklkIjoiOGJmOGFiMGMtYjFjZS00NDY1LWJkMzctYzE1NTE4Y2FlNmJkIn0.laSlkKQMOwZmfI_3NT3-1F_VdpLL-ceCQZ2fRL1lvF4",
  "expires_in": 3600,
  "scope": "offline_access",
  "token_type": "Bearer",
  "userId": "3b6d2f70-4821-4694-ac89-60333c9c4165"
}
```

## Example Client Credentials Grant

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

Most OAuth grants are designed to allow users to delegate permissions.

The Client Credentials grant allows entities to authenticate and receive access tokens with no user interaction.

Therefore, unlike other grants, the Client Credentials grant isn't configured in an Application. Instead, it occurs between two Entities. [Learn more about setting up Entities](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/#configure-entities).

Here's a short video showing one possible usage of this grant.

<YouTube id="pJIzYLSTrMM" />

### Exchange credentials for an access token

An access token may be generated with a `POST` request to the Token endpoint. Below is an example HTTP request, the `grant_type` will always be `client_credentials`.

Line breaks have been added for readability.

```plaintext title="Example HTTP Request"
POST /oauth2/token HTTP/1.1
Host: piedpiper.fusionauth.io
Authorization: Basic MDkyZGJkZWQtMzBhZi00MTQ5LTljNjEtYjU3OGYyYzcyZjU5OitmY1hldDlJdTJrUWk2MXlXRDlUdTRSZVoxMTNQNnlFQWtyMzJ2NldLT1E9
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Accept: */*
Content-Length: 436

grant_type=client_credentials
    &scope=target-entity%3Ae13365f1-a270-493e-bd1b-3d239d753d53%3Aread
```

<JSON src="oauth/client_credentials_example_json_response.json"/>

### Client Credentials Scopes

In order for permissions to be correctly determined, pass a <InlineField>scope</InlineField> parameter. This parameter can have multiple values, space separated. Each value has this format:

```
target-entity:entity_id:permission
```

where `entity_id` is a required entity UUID and `permission` is an optional, comma separated list of permissions.

You will typically provide a scope specifying a target entity:

<ClientCredentialsScopesOmitted />

You may provide append a comma separated list of permissions as well:

<ClientCredentialsScopesSingleEntity />

You may combine multiple entities and permissions in the same <InlineField>scope</InlineField> parameter:

<ClientCredentialsScopesMultipleEntities />

The <InlineField>scope</InlineField> will be checked against previously granted permissions. If all requested permissions have been found, the grant succeeds and an `access_token` is returned.

If you do not pass <InlineField>scope</InlineField>, you will still get an `access_token` if the request is authorized. The token will omit the following claims:

* `aud`
* `permissions`

<ClientCredentialsPermissionsExplanation />

You can see all claims of the token in the [Token documentation](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/tokens).

## Example Device Authorization Grant
This example contains screenshots of our [Device Grant Example](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-device-grant) which may be a useful code reference during implementation.

### Device Authorization Grant Configuration
In order to leverage FusionAuth for the Device Authorization Grant, the Device Grant must be enabled and the Device Verification URL must be set.
See the [Configure Application OAuth Settings](#configure-application-oauth-settings) section above.

FusionAuth requires that the Device Verification URL be a page that you control within your application so that a required Tenant Id is provided throughout the grant flow.
While you may host your own form on this page, FusionAuth provides a themed OAuth device template that may be redirected to from your application to complete the user-interaction portion of the Device Authorization Grant as a convenience.
This template is located at `/oauth2/device`. With the required request parameters being `client_id` and `tenantId`. On submission of the OAuth device template the end-user is prompted to authenticate using the Authorization Grant flow.
This will redirect to the configured OAuth <InlineField>redirect_uri</InlineField> per the typical Authorization Grant flow.
The Device Authorization Grant will be considered approved when the Authorization Grant <InlineField>code</InlineField> has been exchanged for a token.

Default values are provided for the durations that the device code and user code remain valid, as well as the user code generator settings.
These values may be adjusted through the ["Advanced" tab of Tenant Configuration](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenants#advanced).

### Initiate the Device Authorization Grant flow

In order to initiate the Device Authorization Grant flow, make a request from the device to the [Device Authorize endpoint](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#device), which is also discoverable via the [OpenID Configuration](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#openid-configuration).

{/*  If I have this paragraph be part of the other one, I think the # in the links causes the <InlineField>scope</InlineField> text to be misinterpreted */}

This request may be made with the optional <InlineField>scope</InlineField> field in order to request OAuth scopes on tokens from the eventual [`/oauth2/token` endpoint](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#complete-the-device-authorization-grant-request) return. A refresh token can be requested by including `offline_access` in the <InlineField>scope</InlineField> request parameter.
The <InlineField>scope</InlineField> value here will be used for the interactive portion of the workflow when the [user_code is passed to FusionAuth](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth#pass-user_code-to-fusionauth). See [Scopes](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/scopes) for more information on configuring the application's OAuth scope policies, managing custom OAuth scopes, and prompting for user consent to granting scopes to third-party applications.

This request will return a JSON response with values necessary to fulfill the remainder of the grant flow.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/oauth-device-connect.png" alt="OAuth Device Example - Connect" width="1200" role="shadowed" />

Line breaks have been added for readability.

```plaintext title="Example HTTP Request"
POST /oauth2/device_authorize HTTP/1.1
Host: piedpiper.fusionauth.io
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Accept: */*
Content-Length: 67
client_id=3c219e58-ed0e-4b18-ad48-f4f92793ae32
    &scope=offline_access
```

```json title="Example JSON Response"
{
  "device_code": "e6f_lF1rG_yroI0DxeQB5OrLDKU18lrDhFXeQqIKAjg",
  "expires_in": 600,
  "interval": 5,
  "user_code": "SFYNPV",
  "verification_uri": "http://localhost:9011/oauth2/device",
  "verification_uri_complete": "http://localhost:9011/oauth2/device?user_code=SFYNPV"
}
```

### Poll Token endpoint
Upon receiving a response from the Device Authorize endpoint the device may begin polling the [Token endpoint](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#complete-the-device-authorization-grant-request) with the <InlineField>device_code</InlineField> at the requested <InlineField>interval</InlineField> in seconds returned in the response.
Requests to the [Token endpoint](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#complete-the-device-authorization-grant-request) will return an error stating that authorization is pending, until the end-user approves the request, at which point an access token will be returned.

Line breaks have been added for readability.

```plaintext options="wrap" title="Example HTTP Request"
POST /oauth2/token HTTP/1.1
Host: piedpiper.fusionauth.io
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Accept: */*
Content-Length: 166
client_id=3c219e58-ed0e-4b18-ad48-f4f92793ae32
    &device_code=e6f_lF1rG_yroI0DxeQB5OrLDKU18lrDhFXeQqIKAjg
    &grant_type=urn%3Aietf%3Aparams%3Aoauth%3Agrant-type%3Adevice_code
```

```json title="Example pending JSON Error Response"
{
  "error": "authorization_pending",
  "error_description": "The authorization request is still pending"
}
```
```json title="Example expired JSON Error Response"
{
  "error": "expired_token",
  "error_description": "The device_code has expired, and the device authorization session has concluded."
}
```
```json title="Example invalid JSON Error Response"
{
  "error": "invalid_request",
  "error_reason": "invalid_device_code",
  "error_description": "The request has an invalid parameter: device_code"
}
```

### User-interaction
Upon receiving a response from the Device Authorize endpoint the device may display to the end-user the <InlineField>user_code</InlineField> and a prompt to navigate to the <InlineField>verification_uri</InlineField>.
The <InlineField>verification_uri_complete</InlineField> is provided as a convenience so that the device may display a QR code used to navigate the end-user to the user-interaction page with a pre-populated <InlineField>user_code</InlineField> in the form.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/oauth-device-display-code.png" alt="OAuth Device Example - Display Code" width="1200" role="shadowed" />

The user should then navigate to the displayed URL, and enter the activation code.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/oauth-device-user-interaction.png" alt="OAuth Device Example - User Interaction" width="1200" role="shadowed" />

### Pass `user_code` to FusionAuth
Once the `user_code` has been received from the end-user, it may be validated by making a request to the [Device Validate endpoint](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#device-validate).
This endpoint will return a `200` response code without a JSON body on successful validation.

Upon validating the end-user provided `user_code` the typical Authorization Grant, Implicit Grant, or Password Grant flows may be followed for authentication.
The OAuth endpoints that facilitate these typical OAuth flows take a `user_code` parameter to facilitate the Device Authorization Grant approval.
See the [Authorize endpoint](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#authorize) and [Token endpoint](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#token) documentation for more information.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/oauth-device-success.png" alt="OAuth Device Example - Success" width="1200" role="shadowed" />

### Receive `access_token`
Once the user has provided a valid `user_code` and successfully authenticated, the request from the device to the [Token endpoint](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#complete-the-device-authorization-grant-request) will return successfully with an access token.

Line breaks have been added for readability.

```plaintext options="wrap" title="Example HTTP Request"
POST /oauth2/token HTTP/1.1
Host: piedpiper.fusionauth.io
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Accept: */*
Content-Length: 166
client_id=3c219e58-ed0e-4b18-ad48-f4f92793ae32
    &device_code=e6f_lF1rG_yroI0DxeQB5OrLDKU18lrDhFXeQqIKAjg
    &grant_type=urn%3Aietf%3Aparams%3Aoauth%3Agrant-type%3Adevice_code
```

```json title="Example JSON Response"
{
  "access_token" : "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJleHAiOjE0ODUxNDA5ODQsImlhdCI6MTQ4NTEzNzM4NCwiaXNzIjoiYWNtZS5jb20iLCJzdWIiOiIyOWFjMGMxOC0wYjRhLTQyY2YtODJmYy0wM2Q1NzAzMThhMWQiLCJhcHBsaWNhdGlvbklkIjoiNzkxMDM3MzQtOTdhYi00ZDFhLWFmMzctZTAwNmQwNWQyOTUyIiwicm9sZXMiOltdfQ.Mp0Pcwsz5VECK11Kf2ZZNF_SMKu5CgBeLN9ZOP04kZo",
  "expires_in" : 3600,
  "id_token" : "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJleHAiOjE0ODUxNDA5ODQsImlhdCI6MTQ4NTEzNzM4NCwiaXNzIjoiYWNtZS5jb20iLCJzdWIiOiIyOWFjMGMxOC0wYjRhLTQyY2YtODJmYy0wM2Q1NzAzMThhMWQiLCJhcHBsaWNhdGlvbklkIjoiNzkxMDM3MzQtOTdhYi00ZDFhLWFmMzctZTAwNmQwNWQyOTUyIiwicm9sZXMiOltdfQ.Mp0Pcwsz5VECK11Kf2ZZNF_SMKu5CgBeLN9ZOP04kZo",
  "refresh_token": "ze9fi6Y9sMSf3yWp3aaO2w7AMav2MFdiMIi2GObrAi-i3248oo0jTQ",
  "token_type" : "Bearer",
  "userId" : "3b6d2f70-4821-4694-ac89-60333c9c4165"
}
```

# Modes

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

OAuth modes are ways that the OAuth and OIDC specifications are used. There are eight OAuth modes in common use today.

<Aside type="note">
These are not standard concepts, but instead reflections of real world OAuth implementations the FusionAuth team has observed over time.
</Aside>

## The Modes

The OAuth modes are:

1. Local login and registration
2. Third-party login and registration _(federated identity)_
3. First-party login and registration _(reverse federated identity)_
4. Enterprise login and registration _(federated identity with a twist)_
5. Third-party service authorization
6. First-party service authorization
7. Machine-to-machine authentication and authorization
8. Device login and registration

There are multiple modes considered federated identity workflows. The reason to avoid the singular concept of "federated identity" is that each case is slightly different. Plus, the term federated identity is often overloaded and misunderstood.

To help clarify terms, the term "login" is used instead. However, this is generally the same as "federated identity" in that the user's identity is stored in an OAuth server and the authentication/authorization is delegated to that server.

Modes are orthogonal to the grant types specified in [RFC 6749](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749). Instead, they depend on who owns which piece of the system (the client, the resource server, the authorization server).

You can use the authorization code grant, client credentials grant, or other grant with any of the modes.

## Which OAuth Mode Is Right For You?

The list above has eight different ways you can use OAuth. Didn't you just want to add login to your application? How did things get so complex?

That's the power and the danger of OAuth. It is so flexible that people new to it can be overwhelmed. Here is a set of questions for you to ask yourself. The answers will help you choose.

* Are you looking to outsource your authentication and authorization to a safe, secure and standards-friendly auth system? Check out [Local Login and Registration](#local-login-and-registration).
* Trying to avoid storing any credentials because you don't want to handle passwords or other sensitive data? [Third-party Login and Registration](#third-party-login-and-registration) is what you want.
* Are you selling to Enterprise customers? [Enterprise Login and Registration](#enterprise-login-and-registration) will be of interest.
* Are you building service to service communication with no user interaction? Check out [Machine-to-machine Authorization](#machine-to-machine-authorization).
* Are you trying to let a user log in from a separate device without a friendly typing interface? If this is the case, check out [Device Login and Registration](#device-login-and-registration).
* Are you building a platform and want to allow other developers to ask for permissions to make calls to APIs or services on your platform? Review [First-party Login and Registration](#first-party-login-and-registration) and [First-party Service Authorization](#first-party-service-authorization).
* Do you have a user store already integrated and instead need to access a third party service on your users' behalf? Read up on [Third-party Service Authorization](#third-party-service-authorization).

## Local Login and Registration

The **Local login and registration** mode is when you are using an OAuth workflow to register or log users into your application. In this mode, you own both the OAuth server and the application. You might not have written the OAuth server (if you are using a product such as FusionAuth), but you control it.

In fact, this mode usually feels like the user is signing up or logging directly into your application via **native forms** and there is no delegation at all.

What do we mean by native forms? Most developers have at one time written their own login and registration forms directly into an application. They create a table called `users` and it stores everyone's `username` and `password`. Then they write the registration and the login forms (HTML or some other UI). The registration form collects the `username` and `password` and checks if the user exists in the database. If they don't, the application inserts the new user into the database. The login form collects the `username` and `password` and checks if the account exists in the database and logs the user in if it does. This type of implementation is what we call native forms.

The only difference between native forms and the **Local login and registration** OAuth mode is that with the latter you delegate the login and registration process to an OAuth server rather than writing everything by hand.

Additionally, since you control the OAuth server and your application, it would be odd to ask the user to "authorize" your application. Therefore, this mode does not include the permission grant screens that often are mentioned in OAuth tutorials. Never fear; we'll cover these in the next few sections.

So, how does this work in practice? Let's take a look at the steps for a fictitious web application called "The World's Greatest ToDo List" or "TWGTL" (pronounced "Twig-Til"):

1. A user visits TWGTL and wants to sign up and manage their ToDos.
2. They click the <InlineUIElement>Sign Up</InlineUIElement> button on the homepage.
3. This button takes them over to the OAuth server. In fact, it takes them directly to the registration form that is included as part of the OAuth workflow (this typically happens with the Authorization Code grant, if you are familiar with OAuth terminology).
4. They fill out the registration form and click <InlineUIElement>Submit</InlineUIElement>.
5. The OAuth server ensures this is a new user and creates their account.
6. The OAuth server redirects the browser back to TWGTL, which logs the user in.
7. The user uses TWGTL and adds their current ToDos.
8. The user stops using TWGTL; they head off and do some ToDos.
9. Later, the user comes back to TWGTL and needs to sign in to check off some ToDos. They click the <InlineUIElement>My Account</InlineUIElement> link at the top of the page.
10. This takes the user to the OAuth server's login page.
11. The user types in their username and password.
12. The OAuth server confirms their identity.
13. The OAuth server redirects the browser back to TWGTL, which logs the user in.
14. The user interacts with the TWGTL application, checking off those ToDos.

The user feels like they are registering and logging into TWGTL directly, but in fact, TWGTL is delegating this functionality to the OAuth server. The user is none-the-wiser so this is why we call this mode *Local login and registration*.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/login-screen-local-mode.png" alt="I bet your login screen will be much prettier." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

This mode allows you to control the entire login experience, yet still have it abstracted from all of your applications.

<Aside type="note">
The details of this mode have implications for the security best practices recommended by some of the standards bodies for native apps. In particular, the [OAuth 2.0 for Native Apps](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8252) Best Current Practices (BCP) recommends against using a webview:

> This best current practice requires that native apps MUST NOT use embedded user-agents to perform authorization requests...

This is because the "embedded user-agents", also known as webviews, are under control of the mobile application developer in a way that the system browser is not.

If you are operating in a mode where the OAuth server is under a different party's control, such as the third-party login that we'll cover next, this prohibition makes sense. But in this mode, you control everything. In that case, the chances of a malicious webview being able to do extra damage is minimal, and must be weighed against the user interface issues associated with popping out to a system browser for authentication.
</Aside>

## Third-party Login and Registration

The **Third-party login and registration** mode is typically implemented with the classic <InlineUIElement>Login with ...</InlineUIElement> buttons you see in many applications. These buttons let users sign up or log in to your application by logging into one of their other accounts (i.e. Facebook or Google). Here, your application sends the user over to Facebook or Google to log in.

Let's use Facebook as an example OAuth provider. In most cases, your application will need to use one or more APIs from the OAuth provider in order to retrieve information about the user or do things on behalf of the user (for example sending a message on behalf of the user). In order to use those APIs, the user has to grant your application permissions. To accomplish this, the third-party service usually shows the user a screen that asks for certain permissions. These are called "scopes" in the OAuth specifications. We'll refer to these screens as the "permission grant screen" throughout the rest of the document.

For example, Facebook will present a screen asking the user to share their email address with your application. Once the user grants these permissions, your application can call the Facebook APIs using an access token.

Here's an example of the Facebook permission grant screen, where Zapier would like to access a user's email address:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/facebook-permissions-screen.png" alt="The Facebook permissions grant screen for Zapier." width="1200" />

After the user has logged into the third-party OAuth server and granted your application permissions, they are redirected back to your application and logged into it.

This mode is different from the previous mode because the user logged in but also granted your application permissions to the service (Facebook). This is one reason so many applications leverage "Login with Facebook" or other social integrations. It not only logs the user in, but also gives them access to call the Facebook APIs on the user's behalf.

Social logins are the most common examples of this mode, but there are plenty of other third-party OAuth servers beyond social networks (GitHub or Discord for example).

This mode is a good example of federated identity. Here, the user's identity (username and password) is stored in the third-party system. They are using that system to register or log in to your application.

How does this work in practice? Let's take a look at the steps for our TWGTL application if we want to use Facebook to register and log users in:

1. A user visits TWGTL and wants to sign up and manage their ToDos.
2. They click the <InlineUIElement>Sign Up</InlineUIElement> button on the homepage.
3. On the login and registration screen, the user clicks the <InlineUIElement>Login with Facebook</InlineUIElement> button.
4. This button takes them over to Facebook's OAuth server.
5. They log in to Facebook (if they aren't already logged in).
6. Facebook presents the user with the permission grant screen based on the permissions TWGTL needs. This is done using OAuth scopes.
7. Facebook redirects the browser back to TWGTL, which logs the user in. TWGTL also calls Facebook APIs to retrieve the user's information.
8. The user begins using TWGTL and adds their current ToDos.
9. The user stops using TWGTL; they head off and do some ToDos.
10. Later, the user comes back to TWGTL and needs to log in to check off some of their ToDos. They click the <InlineUIElement>My Account</InlineUIElement> link at the top of the page.
11. This takes the user to the TWGTL login screen that contains the <InlineUIElement>Login with Facebook</InlineUIElement> button.
12. Clicking this takes the user back to Facebook and they repeat the same process as above.

You might be wondering if the **Third-party login and registration** mode can work with the **Local login and registration** mode. Absolutely! This is what I like to call **Nested federated identity**. Basically, your application delegates its registration and login forms to an OAuth server like FusionAuth.

Your application also allows users to sign in with Facebook by enabling that feature of the OAuth server (FusionAuth calls this the [Facebook Identity Provider](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/facebook). It's a little more complex, but the flow looks something like this:

1. A user visits TWGTL and wants to sign up and manage their ToDos.
2. They click the <InlineUIElement>Sign Up</InlineUIElement> button on the homepage.
3. This button takes them over to the OAuth server's login page.
4. On this page, there is a button to "Login with Facebook" and the user clicks that.
5. This button takes them over to Facebook's OAuth server.
6. They log in to Facebook.
7. Facebook presents the user with the permission grant screen.
8. The user authorizes the requested permissions.
9. Facebook redirects the browser back to TWGTL's OAuth server, which reconciles out the user's account.
10. TWGTL's OAuth server redirects the user back to the TWGTL application.
11. The user is logged into TWGTL.

<Aside type="note">
What does "reconcile out" mean? To reconcile a user with a remote system means optionally creating a local account and then attaching data and identity from a remote data source like Facebook to that account. The remote account is the authority and the local account is modified as needed to reflect remote data.
</Aside>

The nice part about this workflow is that TWGTL doesn't have to worry about integrating with Facebook (or any other provider) or reconciling the user's account. That's handled by the OAuth server. It's also possible to delegate to additional OAuth servers, easily adding "Login with Google" or "Login with Apple".

## First-party Login and Registration

The **First-party login and registration** mode is the inverse of the **Third-party login and registration** mode. Basically, if you happen to be an organization like Facebook in the examples above and your customer is playing the role of TWGTL, you are providing the OAuth server to your customer.

One benefit of using OAuth for this is that you are also providing a way for them to call your APIs on behalf of your users.

This type of setup is not just reserved for the massive social networks like Facebook and Google. More and more companies are offering this functionality to their customers and partners, therefore becoming platforms.

## Enterprise Login and Registration

The **Enterprise login and registration** mode is when your application allows users to sign up or log in with an enterprise identity provider such as a corporate Active Directory. This mode is very similar to the **Third-party login and registration** mode, but with a few critical differences.

First, it rarely requires the user to grant permissions to your application using a granting screen. Typically, a user does not have the option to grant or restrict permissions for your application, since such permissions are managed by IT in an enterprise directory or, less commonly, within your application.

Second, this mode does not apply to all users of an application. In most cases, this mode is only available to the subset of users who exist in the enterprise directory. The rest of your users will either log in directly to your application using **Local login and registration** or through the **Third-party login and registration** mode. In some cases, the user's email address determines the authentication source.

You might have noticed some login forms only ask for your email on the first step like this:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/email-requested-at-login.png" alt="For Zapier the user's email address is requested before any password." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Knowing a user's email domain allows the OAuth server to determine where to send the user to log in or if they should log in locally. If you work at Example Company, proud purveyors of TWGTL, providing `richard@example.com` to the login screen allows the OAuth server to know you are an employee and should be authenticated against a corporate authentication source. If instead you enter `dinesh@gmail.com`, you won't be authenticated against that directory.

Outside of these differences, this mode behaves much the same as the **Third-party login and registration** mode.

This is the final mode where users can register and log in to your application. The remaining modes are used entirely for authorization, usually to application programming interfaces (APIs). We'll cover these modes next.

## Third-party Service Authorization

The third-party service authorization mode is quite different from the **Third-party login and registration** mode; don't be deceived by the similar names. Here, the user is already logged into your application. The login could have been through a native form (as discussed above) or using the **Local login and registration** mode, the **Third-party login and registration** mode, or the **Enterprise login and registration** mode. Since the user is already logged in, all they are doing is granting access for your application to call third-party's APIs on their behalf.

For example, let's say a user has an account with TWGTL, but each time they complete a ToDo, they want to let their followers on WUPHF know. WUPHF is a fictional up and coming social network. To accomplish this, TWGTL provides an integration that will automatically send a WUPHF when the user completes a ToDo. The integration uses the WUPHF APIs and calling those requires an access token. In order to get an access token, the TWGTL application needs to log the user into WUPHF via OAuth.

To hook all of this up, TWGTL needs to add a button to the user's profile page that says "Connect your WUPHF account". Notice it doesn't say "Login with WUPHF" since the user is already logged in; the user's identity for TWGTL is not delegated to WUPHF. Once the user clicks this button, they will be taken to WUPHF's OAuth server to log in and grant the necessary permissions for TWGTL to WUPHF for them.

Since WUPHF doesn't actually exist, here's an example screenshot from Buffer, a service which posts to your social media accounts such as Twitter.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/buffer-connect-prompt.png" alt="Buffer would like to connect to your accounts." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

When you connect a Twitter account to Buffer, you'll see a screen like this:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/buffer-connect-twitter.png" alt="Buffer would like to connect to your Twitter account." width="1200" />

The workflow for this mode looks like:

1. A user visits TWGTL and logs into their account.
2. They click the <InlineUIElement>My Profile</InlineUIElement> link.
3. On their account page, they click the <InlineUIElement>Connect your WUPHF account</InlineUIElement> button.
4. This button takes them over to WUPHF's OAuth server.
5. They log in to WUPHF.
6. WUPHF presents the user with the "permission grant screen" and asks if TWGTL can WUPHF on their behalf.
7. The user grants TWGTL this permission.
8. WUPHF redirects the browser back to TWGTL where it calls WUPHF's OAuth server to get an access token.
9. TWGTL stores the access token in its database and can now call WUPHF APIs on behalf of the user. Success!

## First-party Service Authorization

The **First-party service authorization** mode is the inverse of the **Third-party service authorization** mode. When another application wishes to call your APIs on behalf of one of your users, you are in this mode. Here, your application is the "third-party service" discussed above. Your application asks the user if they want to grant the other application specific permissions. Basically, if you are building a platform and want developers to be able to call your APIs on behalf of their users, you'll need to support this OAuth mode.

With this mode, your OAuth server might display a "permission grant screen" to the user asking if they want to grant the third-party application permissions to your APIs. This isn't strictly necessary and depends on your requirements, but if it is, you want custom scopes.

Custom scopes are now supported in FusionAuth; you can find more information within [OAuth Scopes](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/scopes).

## Machine-to-machine Authorization

The **Machine-to-machine authorization** OAuth mode is different from the previous modes we've covered. This mode does not involve users at all. Rather, it allows an application to interact with another application. Normally, this is backend services communicating with each other via APIs.

Here, one backend needs to be granted access to the other. We'll call the first backend the source and the second backend the target.

To accomplish this, the source authenticates with the OAuth server. The OAuth server confirms the identity of the source and then returns a token that the source will use to call the target. This token can also include permissions that are used by the target to authorize the call the source is making.

Using our TWGTL example, let's say that TWGTL has two microservices: one to manage ToDos and another to send WUPHFs. The ToDo microservice needs to call the WUPHF microservice. The WUPHF microservice needs to ensure that any caller is allowed to use its APIs before it WUPHFs.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/client-credentials-grant.svg" alt="The WUPHF microservice needs to ensure the TWGTL microservice is authorized." width="1200" />

The workflow for this mode looks like:

1. The ToDo microservice authenticates with the OAuth server.
2. The OAuth server returns a token to the ToDo microservice.
3. The ToDo microservice calls an API in the WUPHF microservice and includes the token in the request.
4. The WUPHF microservice verifies the token by calling the OAuth server (or verifying the token itself if the token is a JWT).
5. If the token is valid, the WUPHF microservice performs the operation.

## Device Login and Registration

The **Device login and registration** mode is used to log in to (or register) a user's account on a device that doesn't have a rich input device like a keyboard. In this case, a user connects the device to their account, usually to ensure their account is active and the device is allowed to use it.

A good example of this mode is setting up a streaming app on an Apple TV, smart TV, or other device such as a Roku. In order to ensure you have a subscription to the streaming service, the app needs to verify the user's identity and connect to their account. The app on the Apple TV device displays a code and a URL and asks the user to visit the URL. The workflow for this mode is as follows:

1. The user opens the app on the Apple TV.
2. The app displays a code and a URL.
3. The user types in the URL displayed by the Apple TV on their phone or computer.
4. The user is taken to the OAuth server and asked for the code.
5. The user submits this form and is taken to the login page.
6. The user logs into the OAuth server.
7. The user is taken to a "Finished" screen.
8. A few seconds later, the device is connected to the user's account.

This mode often takes a bit of time to complete because the app on the Apple TV is polling the OAuth server.

## Conclusion

Modes are reflective of the flexibility of OAuth. Picking the right mode, or set of modes, can help you pick the correct identity architecture for the problem you are solving.

# OIDC Prompt

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';

<Aside type="version">
  Available since `1.60.0`
</Aside>

The OpenID Connect prompt parameter provides additional flexibility to control the login workflow.

### Supported values

- `none` - No user interface is displayed. An error is returned if the user is not already authenticated.
- `login` - The user will be prompted for authentication when there's an existing SSO session.
- `consent` - Always prompt for consent from the user.

### Example use cases

The following examples use a single consent value. A request may contain more than one consent value unless one of the values is `none`. For example, adding `prompt=login none` to the request will result in a validation error.

#### Silent authentication

This is usually used when an application would like obtain a new authorization code grant without any user interaction. The application will receive an error user interaction is required. The application can then decide how and when to ask the user to authenticate.

Add `prompt=none` to the request.

For an authorization code grant response that contains `code`, complete the code exchange to finish a silent authentication. If the response contains `error` then the user will require some sort of interaction to complete authentication. See [Error handling](#error-handling) below for some examples.

#### Require reauthentication
Require the user to authenticate even if they have an active SSO session.

Add `prompt=login` to the request.

#### Require reauthentication for a session older than 120 seconds
Authenticate a user if the session was created less than `120` seconds ago, otherwise require the user to authenticate again.

Add `max_age=120` to the request.

#### Force consent
Force prompting the user for consent for the requested scopes even if the scopes were previously accepted or rejected.

Add `prompt=consent` to the request.

Note that FusionAuth must be configured to prompt for consent for this prompt to have an effect. For example, adding `consent` to the prompt parameter will have no effect if the application isn't configured as a third party application, or you have configured the consent mode to always prompt or never prompt.

To explain this behavior further, review the following table to explain the expected prompt behavior in the following configurations.

The following table shows the expected behavior for different consent configurations:

| Relationship | Consent mode      | prompt= | Display prompt to user  |
|--------------|-------------------|---------|-------------------------|
| First party  | -                 | -       | Never                   |
| First party  | -                 | consent | Never                   |
| Third party  | Always prompt     | -       | Always                  |
| Third party  | Always prompt     | consent | Always                  |
| Third party  | Never prompt      | -       | Never                   |
| Third party  | Never prompt      | consent | Never                   |
| Third party  | Remember decision | -       | Once, remember decision |
| Third party  | Remember decision | consent | Always                  |

The table shows that the only time adding `prompt=consent` changes display of the consent prompt to the end user is when the application is configured as third party, and the consent mode is set to Remember decision.

#### Error handling

An error will be returned when the request containing a supported prompt value cannot be completed.

For example, if you request `prompt=none` and the user isn't authenticated, an error is returned to the authorized redirect.

The `error` will be a more general indication of the the issue such as `login_required` or `consent_required`. The `error_reason` is an error code specific to the reason the error occurred. The `error_description` is a human-readable version of the `error_reason`.

For example, when you request `prompt=none` and the user doesn't have an active SSO session, the redirect contains the following `error`, `error_reason` and `error_description`:

- `error=login_required`
- `error_reason=authentication_required`
- `error_description=The user is required to complete authentication.`

Another example is when the user is required to provide consent even when there's an active SSO session (`prompt=consent`). The returned error contains:

- `error=consent_required`
- `error_reason=consent_required`
- `error_description=The user is required to consent to one or more scopes in order to complete authentication.`

See [OAuth2 Error Redirect parameters](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#redirect-parameters-2) for additional information.

### Identity providers

<Aside type="version">
  In version 1.61.0 and beyond the following rules will apply as it relates to third party identity providers.
</Aside>

The `prompt` parameter wil be forwarded when the identity provider is of type OpenID Connect. When the identity provider is of type SAML v2 and the `prompt` parameter contains `login`, the `ForceAuthn=true` attribute will be added to the SAML Authn request.

For all other identity provider types, the `prompt` parameter will not be forwarded.

When `max_age` is specified and the value is `0` or the FusionAuth SSO session age is greater than the specified value, this parameter will be converted to `prompt=login` and the above rules will then be applied to an OpenID Connect or SAML v2 identity provider. The `max_age` parameter is never forwarded.

### Security considerations
Use `prompt=login` or `max_age` with the correct expectations. Don't rely on these parameters for either a security guarantee or that the user is reauthenticated. This is because request parameters can be removed easily.

For example, if a user with an existing SSO session removes the `prompt=login` parameter, an authorization code is generated and redirected back to the authorized redirect.

The prompt parameter is a suggestion to the identity provider, but by itself provides no guarantee to the relying party (RP) that the request was honored, and the user has been reauthenticated.

To use `prompt=login` to ensure the user authenticated recently, you must also inspect and validate the `auth_time` claim in the appropriate token, either the `id_token` or `access_token`.

The `auth_time` claim represents the time of the actual user authentication and is expressed as [unix time](/docs/reference/data-types#unix-time).

Using this value, you can assert when the last user authenticate event occurred and as a result know that `prompt=login` was honored by the identity provider and was not removed by a malicious user.

For example, when using `login=prompt` or `max_age`, after completing the authorization code grant auth code exchange compare the `auth_time` to the current token. The new token must have a more recent `auth_time` claim and the value must be within your expected time frame.

If `auth_time` is the same as your current access token, or isn't recent enough, reject the token and end the users session. Alternatively, don't allow the user to perform the requested task that initiated the login request.

### Limitations and constraints

Before using this parameter make sure you understand the following limitations and constraints.

#### Unsupported values

The `select_account` parameter is currently unsupported. Using this value in `prompt` is ignored.

##### Identity providers

In versions prior to 1.6.1, the `prompt` parameter was never forwarded to a third party identity provider.

#### Edge cases

When using the `idp_hint` request parameter and including `prompt=login`, FusionAuth redirects to the identity provider resolved by request parameter.

The `idp_hint` indicates that this user must be authenticated by a third party and often the caller does not want the user to see the FusionAuth login page. In this context, it's not useful to show the user the FusionAuth login page as FusionAuth is unable to authenticate the user. It is possible this is not the desired behavior for all customers.

If this behavior happens, remove the `prompt=login` from the request. Using a `login_hint` request parameter with managed domains results in the same behavior.

# OAuth Scopes

import AdvancedPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_advanced-plan-blurb.astro';
import ApplicationScopesSettings from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_application-scopes-settings.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import OAuthScopeMessageLookup from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_oauth-scope-message-lookup.mdx';

<Aside type="version">
  Available since `1.50.0`
</Aside>

OAuth scopes provide you with another dimension for applying access controls to applications. Scopes are requested by OAuth clients (applications) during authorization and optionally consented to by the user providing the authorization. The consented scopes make their way into the access token granted to the client and can be checked when the client uses the access token to access protected resources.

In FusionAuth, applications can be designated as first-party or third-party. First-party applications are often synonymous with the authorization server from the user's perspective and don't require consent for requested scopes. Third-party applications, by contrast, require consent by an authorizing user for the scopes they request.

This page details these features and explains how you can use them to customize FusionAuth's behavior.

## Application Configuration

The <Breadcrumb>Scopes</Breadcrumb> tab allows you to configure the application's OAuth scope handling policies.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/scope-application.png" alt="Application Scopes Configuration" width="1200" role="shadowed" />

### Form Fields

<ApplicationScopesSettings />

## Scope Handling Policy

The application's <InlineField>Scope handling policy</InlineField> controls behavior when populating access tokens, Id tokens, and the UserInfo response.

The `Compatibility` option is meant to maintain backwards compatibility with versions of FusionAuth before `1.50.0` or when the integration does not support the requirements of `Strict` mode.
The `Strict` option follows specification recommendations by populating access tokens, Id tokens, and the UserInfo response based on the requested and consented scopes. It also restricts the tokens the [UserInfo](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#userinfo) endpoint will accept. New applications default to the `Strict` policy.

The [JWT populate](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/jwt-populate) and [UserInfo populate](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/userinfo-populate) lambdas can be used to override the claims in both configurations.

The following table describes the differences between the two options in more detail.

|  | Compatibility | Strict |
| ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Access token claims | The token contains the `email`, `email_verified`, and `preferred_username` claims for the user when that information is available. | The token contains no identifying information about the user other than the `sub` claim, which contains their unique user Id. |
| Id token claims | The token contains the `email`, `email_verified`, and `preferred_username` claims for the user when that information is available. | The claims on the token are based on the `scope` parameter from the OAuth workflow. See below for details on the claims included for each scope. |
| UserInfo request | The endpoint will accept either an access token or Id token on the request. No particular `scope` claim is required on the token. | The endpoint only accepts access tokens on the request. The provided token must contain `openid` in the space-delimited `scope` claim in order to be accepted. |
| UserInfo response | The response starts with claims from the provided token, removes some that are not relevant to the UserInfo response, and then augments the response based on information available for that user. | The claims on the response are based on the `scope` claim of the provided token. See below for details on the claims included for each scope. |

The `Strict` policy uses the requested and consented OAuth scopes to determine which claims to add to the Id token and UserInfo response. The `address`, `email`, `profile`, and `phone` scopes are [provided by FusionAuth](#provided-scopes) and are used to populate claims according to available user data and [Section 5.4 of the OpenID Connect specification](https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html#ScopeClaims).

* `address` - FusionAuth does not include physical addresses in its user data model. A lambda could be used to populate the `address` claim based on custom user data.
* `email` - Populates the `email` and `email_verified` claims.
* `phone` - Populates the `phone_number` claim based on the user's <InlineField>user.phoneNumber</InlineField> or <InlineField>user.mobilePhone</InlineField> value in this order of precedence. If <InlineField>user.phoneNumber</InlineField> is available, the `phone_number_verified` claim will also be included.
* `profile` - Populates various profile-related data. The following describes how each claim maps to FusionAuth user data.

| Claim | User field |
| ---- | ---- |
| `given_name` | `firstName` |
| `middle_name` | `middleName` |
| `family_name` | `lastName` |
| `name` | `fullName` |
| `preferred_username` | `username` |
| `birthdate` | `birthDate` |
| `picture` | `imageUrl` |
| `locale` | The first value of `preferredLanguages` |
| `zoneinfo` | `timezone` |

## Provided Scopes

FusionAuth provides the following scopes defined by the [OpenID Connect](https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html) specification.

* `address`
* `email`
* `phone`
* `profile`

These scope names cannot be used to define [custom scopes](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/scopes).
Each of the scopes can be individually `Enabled` or `Required`.
Provided scopes that have been disabled are considered unknown and will be handled according to the application's <InlineField>Unknown scope policy</InlineField>.

The user must grant consent to all `Required` provided scopes during the OAuth [consent prompt](#consent-prompt) in order to successfully complete the OAuth workflow.

### Reserved Scopes

FusionAuth reserves the `openid` and `offline_access` scopes.
These scope names cannot be used to define [custom scopes](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/scopes), and their configuration cannot be changed.

The `openid` scope is used to request identity information according to the [OpenID Connect](https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html) specification.

The `offline_access` scope is used to request a refresh token on the authorization response.
Its behavior is controlled by the <InlineField>Generate refresh tokens</InlineField> and <InlineField>Enabled grants</InlineField> configurations on the application [OAuth tab](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications#oauth).

### Reserved Prefixes

FusionAuth reserves the prefixes `idp-link:`, `source-entity:`, and `target-entity:`.
Scope names starting with these prefixes cannot be used when defining [custom scopes](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/scopes).

## Consent Mode

<AdvancedPlanBlurb />

An application whose <InlineField>Relationship</InlineField> has been configured as `Third-party` (which requires a paid plan) has the option to prompt users to consent to the requested OAuth scopes in order to complete the OAuth workflow.
The [consent prompt](#consent-prompt) is a mechanism for users to limit the information shared with third-party applications.
For example, a third-party application may _require_ the `email` scope in order to access the user's email address and create their account but _optionally_ request the `phone` scope in order to send notifications via SMS.
Applications can also define [custom scopes](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/scopes) to be requested by third-parties for more fine-grained access control to APIs or limiting ability to perform certain actions on behalf of the user.

The <InlineField>Consent mode</InlineField> controls when users will be prompted to grant consent to the requested scopes.

* `Always prompt` - Always prompt the user for consent.
* `Remember decision` - Remember previous consents; only prompt if the choice expires or if the requested or required scopes have changed. The duration of this persisted choice is controlled by the tenant's <InlineField>Remember OAuth scope consent choice</InlineField> configuration.
* `Never prompt` - The user will be never be prompted to consent to requested OAuth scopes. Permission will be granted implicitly as if this were a `First-party` application. This configuration is meant for testing purposes only and should not be used in production.

The `Remember decision` option requires some additional context. The duration that a user's decision is persisted can be controlled on the tenant's [Advanced](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenants#advanced) tab using the <InlineField>Remember scope consent choice</InlineField> configuration.
After a user has made a consent decision for an application configured with the `Remember decision` option, the user will only be prompted again when any of the following is true:

* Their persisted choice has expired based on the tenant's configured duration.
* A scope is requested that is not included in their persisted choices.
* A previously declined optional scope is requested, but it is now required.

If a user has an existing persisted consent choice and is prompted for consent, their decision on the requested scopes will be merged with their existing persisted choices. Only scopes on the current request will be updated in the persisted choice. Scopes that exist in the user's persisted choice that were not on the request that triggered the prompt will not have their choice updated.

For example:
1. An application has defined custom scopes `a`, `b`, and `c` as optional
2. A user has previously made consent decisions on these three scopes, and their choice to consent to `a` but decline `b` and `c` has been persisted
3. Later, scopes `b` and `c` are updated to be required and a new optional scope `d` is defined
4. The user completes another OAuth workflow with scopes `c` and `d` on the request, which triggers a consent prompt because:
    1. `c` was previously declined but is now required
    2. The user has not made a decision on scope `d`
5. The user chooses to consent to `c` and decline `d`
6. The persisted choice is updated to move `c` from declined scopes to approved scopes, and `d` is added to the list of declined scopes
7. `a` is still persisted as an approved scope
8. `b` is still listed as a declined scope even though it is now required because the user did not make a new decision for `b`
9. If `b` is included in a future OAuth request, the user would be prompted for consent

## Consent Prompt

Users are prompted for consent using the <InlineField>OAuth consent prompt</InlineField> [themed](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/) page.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/oauth-consent.png" alt="OAuth Consent Prompt" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

The page informs the user of the requested OAuth scopes. Required scopes are listed first with a checkmark icon and cannot be de-selected. Optional scopes use a checkbox form element to allow the user to decline consent to the corresponding scope.

Clicking the <InlineUIElement>Allow</InlineUIElement> button will complete the OAuth workflow and grant consent to the selected scopes. The consented scopes will be added to the `scope` claim on the resulting tokens. Clicking the <InlineUIElement>Cancel</InlineUIElement> button will terminate the OAuth workflow and send the user to the `redirect_uri` with an [OAuth error](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#oautherror).

The `OAuth2 consent` template can be customized like any other [themed](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/) page and also features an expanded message lookup policy in order to allow customizing scope consent messages and details without requiring a separate theme for each verbiage change.

### Consent Messages Lookup

<OAuthScopeMessageLookup />

# Tokens

import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import AccessTokenClaims from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_access-token-claims.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import AuthenticationTypeValues from 'src/content/docs/_shared/authentication-type-values.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import ExampleAccessToken from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/_example_access_token.mdx';
import ExampleIdToken from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/_example_id_token.mdx';
import ExampleRefreshToken from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/_example_refresh_token.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import RemovedSince from 'src/components/api/RemovedSince.astro';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

When using the OAuth2 and OpenID Connect authentication grants you'll be dealing with some tokens. We'll review each token type, the purpose and how to use them.

Here's a presentation discussing how to use JWTs in a microservices architecture:

<YouTube id="SLc3cTlypwM" />

&nbsp;

## JWT Structure

With the exception of the refresh token, each token described here is a JSON Web Token (JWT) and each JWT has a header, a payload and a signature. You can [decode JWTs using any number of online tools](/dev-tools/jwt-decoder), because it's two base 64 encoded strings joined by periods, with the signature for integrity checking.

![The components of a JWT.](/img/shared/json-web-token.png)

## Header

The following describes the claims found in the JWT header.

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="gty" since="1.36.0" type="Array<String>" deprecated>
    The list of grant types in chronological order.

    For example, if the token was the result of an `authorization_code` grant, the value will be `[authorization_code]`.

    If the token was generated using a refresh token using the `refresh_token` grant, the value will be `[authorization_code, refresh_token]` if the initial grant used to obtain the refresh token was the `authorization_code` grant.

    <RemovedSince since="1.160.0" >
      As of version `1.60.0`, this claim is no longer returned in the header. This claim has moved to the JWT body.
    </RemovedSince>
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="kid" type="String">
    The unique key identifier that represents the key used to build the signature.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="typ" type="String">
    The type of token, this value is always `JWT`.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


## Access Token

The access token is an opaque token per the OAuth2 specification. In the FusionAuth implementation the access token is a JSON Web Token (JWT).

### Access Token Claims

<AccessTokenClaims />

### Sample Access Token

Here's a sample access token.

<ExampleAccessToken/>

## Client Credentials Access Token

The access token is an opaque token per the OAuth2 specification. In the FusionAuth implementation, the credentials access token is a JSON Web Token (JWT).

<Aside type="version">
Available since version 1.26.
</Aside>

### Client Credentials Access Token Claims

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="aud" type="Array<String>">
    The audience(s) of this token. This value is equal to the target Entity's unique Id in FusionAuth. This registered claim is defined by [RFC 7519 Section 4.1.3](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519#section-4.1.3).

    Note that prior to version `1.60.0`, this claim was a string when a single entity was defined in the scope using `target-entity:` and an array when more than one entity was defined in the scope. To simplify integrations, this claim is now always returned as an array.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="exp" type="Long">
    The expiration instant of the JWT expressed as [unix time](/docs/reference/data-types#unix-time). This registered claim is defined by [RFC 7519 Section 4.1.4](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519#section-4.1.4).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="gty" since="1.60.0" type="Array<String>">
    The list of grant types in chronological order.

    For example, if the token was the result of an `authorization_code` grant, the value will be `[authorization_code]`.

    If the token was generated using a refresh token using the `refresh_token` grant, the value will be `[authorization_code, refresh_token]` if the initial grant used to obtain the refresh token was the `authorization_code` grant.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="iat" type="Long">
    The instant that the JWT was issued expressed as [unix time](/docs/reference/data-types#unix-time). This registered claim is defined by [RFC 7519 Section 4.1.6](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519#section-4.1.6).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="iss" type="String">
    The issuer of the JWT. For FusionAuth, this is always the value defined in the tenant JWT configuration. This registered claim is defined by
    [RFC 7519 Section 4.1.1](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519#section-4.1.1).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="jti" type="String">
    The unique identifier for this JWT. This registered claim is defined by
    [RFC 7519 Section 4.1.7](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519#section-4.1.7).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="permissions" type="Array<String>">
    The permission granted to the recipient Entity by the target Entity. This claim is only present if permissions are associated with the grant and any requested permissions are found in the grant.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="scope" type="String">
    The scope of the Access token. This meaning of this field is specified by
    [RFC 6749 Section 3.3](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-3.3) and referenced in Client Credentials Grant [RFC 6749 Section 4.4](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-4.4)

    Valid scopes are described in the [client credentials scopes section](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/#client-credentials-scopes).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="sub" type="UUID">
    The subject of the token. The value is the unique Id of the recipient Entity. This registered claim is defined by [RFC 7519 Section 4.1.2](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519#section-4.1.2).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tid" type="UUID" since="1.36.0">
    The unique Id of the user's tenant.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tty" type="UUID" since="1.60.0">
    The token type. This value will always be `at` indicating this is an `access token`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="use" type="String" since="1.60.0">
    The intended use for this token. This claim will only be present when an access token has been created for use by the FusionAuth SCIM server. When the claim is present the value will be `scim_server`.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


## Id Token
The Id Token is part of the OpenID Connect specification. The Id Token is a JSON Web Token (JWT) per the OpenID Connect specification. The Id Token is similar to the access token in the FusionAuth implementation. The Id Token may contain additional claims not present in the Access Token.

The Id Token may be returned as part of an Authentication request when the `openid` scope is requested.

<Aside type="note">
  In version `1.50.0` and later the Id Token claims are populated based on the requested OAuth scopes when the <InlineField>oauthConfiguration.scopeHandlingPolicy</InlineField> value of the application object is `Strict`.
</Aside>

### Id Token Claims

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="applicationId" type="UUID">
    The unique Id of the Application for which the user has been authenticated. This claim is only present if the user is registered for the application.

    <RemovedSince since="1.24.0">
    As of version `1.24.0`, this claim is no longer returned by default. The `id_token` should not be utilized for authorization, so this claim was removed to make it less likely for a holder of this token to incorrectly utilize this token. If you have a need for this claim, it can be added back using a JWT populate lambda.
    </RemovedSince>
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="at_hash" type="String" since="1.5.0">
    The Access Token hash value. As defined by the [3.1.3.6 of the OpenID Connect Core specification](https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html#CodeIDToken) this value is a base64 encoded hash of the access token.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="aud" type="String">
    The audience the JWT is intended for. This registered claim is defined by [RFC 7519 Section 4.1.3](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519#section-4.1.3).

    This claim will be equal to the `client_id`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="authenticationType" type="String">
    The method used to authenticate the user that resulted in the generated JWT. The possible values are:

    <AuthenticationTypeValues />
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="auth_time" type="Long" since="1.36.0">
    The time of the initial authentication request expressed as [unix time](/docs/reference/data-types#unix-time). The value will not change even if the token is re-issued using a Refresh Token.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="birthdate" type="String" since="1.50.0">
    The birthDate of the user if available.
    Format will be in `YYYY-MM-DD` as defined by the OpenID Connect core specification.

    When the `Scope handling policy` is `Strict`, this field is only populated when the <InlineField>scope</InlineField> claim contains the `profile` scope.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="c_hash" type="String" since="1.5.0">
    The Authorization Code hash value. As defined by the [3.3.2.11 of the OpenID Connect Core specification](https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html#HybridIDToken) this value is an encoded hash of the authorization code, the algorithm used to generate this hash depends upon the algorithm used to generate the `id_token` signature.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="email" type="String">
    The email address of the user whose claims are represented by this JWT.

    In version `1.50.0` and later, when the `Scope handling policy` is `Strict`, this field is only populated when the <InlineField>scope</InlineField> claim contains the `email` scope.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="email_verified" type="Boolean">
    The verification status of the <InlineField>email</InlineField>. This value is `true` when the email is verified.

    In version `1.50.0` and later, when the `Scope handling policy` is `Strict`, this field is only populated when the <InlineField>scope</InlineField> claim contains the `email` scope.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="exp" type="Long">
    The expiration instant of the JWT, expressed as [unix time](/docs/reference/data-types#unix-time). This registered claim is defined by
    [RFC 7519 Section 4.1.4](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519#section-4.1.4).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="family_name" type="String" since="1.50.0">
    The last name of the user if available.

    When the `Scope handling policy` is `Strict`, this field is only populated when the <InlineField>scope</InlineField> claim contains the `profile` scope.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="given_name" type="String" since="1.50.0">
    The first name of the user if available.

    When the `Scope handling policy` is `Strict`, this field is only populated when the <InlineField>scope</InlineField> claim contains the `profile` scope.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="gty" since="1.60.0" type="Array<String>">
    The list of grant types in chronological order.

    For example, if the token was the result of an `authorization_code` grant, the value will be `[authorization_code]`.

    If the token was generated using a refresh token using the `refresh_token` grant, the value will be `[authorization_code, refresh_token]` if the initial grant used to obtain the refresh token was the `authorization_code` grant.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="iat" type="Long">
    The instant that the JWT was issued, expressed [unix time](/docs/reference/data-types#unix-time). This registered claim is defined by
    [RFC 7519 Section 4.1.6](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519#section-4.1.6).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="iss" type="String">
    The issuer of the JWT. For FusionAuth, this is always the value defined in the tenant JWT configuration. This registered claim is defined by
    [RFC 7519 Section 4.1.1](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519#section-4.1.1).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="jti" type="String" since="1.18.0">
    The unique identifier for this JWT. This registered claim is defined by
    [RFC 7519 Section 4.1.7](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519#section-4.1.7).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="middle_name" type="String" since="1.50.0">
    The middle name of the user if available.

    When the `Scope handling policy` is `Strict`, this field is only populated when the <InlineField>scope</InlineField> claim contains the `profile` scope.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="name" type="String" since="1.50.0">
    The full name of the user if available.

    When the `Scope handling policy` is `Strict`, this field is only populated when the <InlineField>scope</InlineField> claim contains the `profile` scope.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="nonce" type="String" since="1.5.0">
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="phone_number" type="String" since="1.50.0">
    The phone number of the user if available. (<InlineField>user.phoneNumber</InlineField> or <InlineField>user.mobilePhone</InlineField> will be used in this order of precedence).

    This field is only populated when the `Scope handling policy` is `Strict`, and the <InlineField>scope</InlineField> claim contains the `phone` scope.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="phone_number_verified" type="Boolean" since="1.59.0">
    The verification status of the <InlineField>phone_number</InlineField>. This value is `true` when the phone number is verified.

    This claim is based only on the <InlineField>user.phoneNumber</InlineField> verification status.

    This field is only populated when the `Scope handling policy` is `Strict`, and the <InlineField>scope</InlineField> claim contains the `phone` scope.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="picture" type="String" since="1.50.0">
    A URL to a picture of the user if available.

    When the `Scope handling policy` is `Strict`, this field is only populated when the <InlineField>scope</InlineField> claim contains the `profile` scope.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="preferred_username" type="String" since="1.5.0">
    The username of the user whose claims are represented by this JWT.

    In version `1.50.0` and later, when the `Scope handling policy` is `Strict`, this field is only populated when the <InlineField>scope</InlineField> claim contains the `profile` scope.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="roles" type="Array<String>" deprecated>
    The roles assigned to the user in the authenticated Application. This claim is only present if the user is registered for the application.

    <RemovedSince since="1.24.0" >
      As of version `1.24.0`, this claim is no longer returned by default. The `id_token` should not be utilized for authorization, so this claim was removed to make it less likely for a holder of this token to incorrectly utilize this token. If you have a need for this claim, it can be added back using a JWT populate lambda.
    </RemovedSince>
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="scope" type="String" since="1.50.0">
    The scope of the Id Token. This meaning of this field is specified by
    [RFC 6749 Section 3.3](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-3.3).

    Contains the validated and consented OAuth scopes from the initial authentication request. See [Scopes](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/scopes) for more detail on scope consent.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="sid" type="String">
    The SSO session Id. This claim will only be present when this token is produced using an interactive grant during a single-signon request such as the Authorization Code grant or the Implicit grant.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="sub" type="UUID">
    The subject of the token. The value is the unique Id of the FusionAuth user. This registered claim is defined by [RFC 7519 Section 4.1.2](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519#section-4.1.2).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tid" type="UUID" since="1.36.0">
    The unique Id of the user's tenant.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="tty" type="UUID" since="1.60.0">
    The token type. This value will always be `idt` indicating this is an `id_token`.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Sample Id Token

Here's a sample Id token.

<ExampleIdToken/>

## Refresh Token
The refresh token is an opaque token that is used to "refresh", or obtain a new access token. Because the life of an access token is generally measured in minutes, the Refresh Token is by comparison a long lived token that can be used to maintain access to a protected resource.

A refresh token is associated with the same set of validated and consented OAuth scopes from the initial authentication request. The [Refresh Token Grant Request](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#refresh-token-grant-request) can include a subset of the original scopes to request a new token with a narrower scope.

To request a refresh token during authentication you must provide the `offline_access` scope. The refresh token is not supported by the Implicit Grant, so if you provide the `offline_access` scope during an Implicit Grant workflow it will be ignored.

If you request the `offline_access` scope and an Refresh Token is not returned, ensure that the FusionAuth application has been configured to generate refresh tokens. Ensure `Generate refresh tokens` is enabled in your application settings. See <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Applications -> OAuth</Breadcrumb>. This setting will cause a Refresh Token to be returned when the `offline_access` scope is requested. You will also want to ensure the `Refresh Token` grant is enabled which allows the use of the Refresh Token to be exchanged for a new Access Token.

### Sample Refresh Token

Here's a sample refresh token.

<ExampleRefreshToken/>

# URL Validation

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

<Aside type="version">
Available since `1.43.0`
</Aside>

Beginning in version `1.43.0` FusionAuth provides support for wildcards in OAuth 2.0 redirect URLs and origin URLs. This document provides details on where wildcards are allowed in configured values and the valid replacement patterns for wildcards in each position.

## URL Validation Policy

In order to validate allowed authorized redirect and origin URLs containing wildcards, the <InlineField>URL validation</InlineField> setting must be configured to `Allow wildcards` under <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Edit Application -> OAuth</Breadcrumb>.

See the [Application API](/docs/apis/applications) or [Application OAuth Configuration](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications#oauth) for details.

## Allowed Wildcard Positions

In order to maintain security while allowing the flexibility of wildcards, FusionAuth limits the position and number of wildcards that are allowed in the configured authorized redirect and origin URLs. The asterisk character, `*`, is the wildcard character.

### Domain

The domain of a configured URL allows 0 or 1 wildcards in the domain portion of the URL. Wildcards are not allowed if the host is specified by an IP address. If the domain contains a wildcard, it must meet all of the following requirements:

 * The domain must contain at least three segments.
 * The wildcard may only appear in the host portion of the domain (left-most subdomain).
 * The wildcard can be a full or partial replacement of the host.

The following table provides some examples of valid and invalid wildcard patterns.

_Domain Wildcards_

| Example                     | Valid                                                 | Reason                                      |
|-----------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|
| `https://*.example.com`     | <i class="fas fa-check text-green-600 font-bold"></i> |                                             |
| `https://blah*.example.com` | <i class="fas fa-check text-green-600 font-bold"></i> |                                             |
| `https://*.com`             | <i class="fas fa-times text-red-600 font-bold"></i>   | The domain only contains two segments       |
| `https://auth.*.com`        | <i class="fas fa-times text-red-600 font-bold"></i>   | The wildcard does not appear in the host    |
| `https://*mid*.example.com` | <i class="fas fa-times text-red-600 font-bold"></i>   | The domain contains multiple wildcards      |
| `https://*.168.1.1`         | <i class="fas fa-times text-red-600 font-bold"></i>   | Wildcards are not allowed with IP addresses |

### Port

The port number can be specified as a wildcard. There is no partial wildcard support for the port number.

_Port Wildcards_

| Example                  | Valid                                                 | Reason                                                |
|--------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
| `https://example.com:*`  | <i class="fas fa-check text-green-600 font-bold"></i> |                                                       |
| `https://example.com:4*` | <i class="fas fa-times text-red-600 font-bold"></i>   | Partial wildcards are not allowed for the port number |

### Path Segments

Wildcards are allowed in path segments with the following restrictions:

 * There can be no more than one wildcard _per path segment_.
 * The wildcard can be a full or partial replacement of the path segment.

The following table provides some examples of valid and invalid wildcard patterns in the path.

_Path Wildcards_

| Example                                   | Valid                                                 | Reason                                       |
|-------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------|
| `https://example.com/path/*/resource`     | <i class="fas fa-check text-green-600 font-bold"></i> |                                              |
| `https://example.com/p*/to/resource`      | <i class="fas fa-check text-green-600 font-bold"></i> |                                              |
| `https://example.com/*/par*tial/*`        | <i class="fas fa-check text-green-600 font-bold"></i> |                                              |
| `https://example.com/path/*mid*/resource` | <i class="fas fa-times text-red-600 font-bold"></i>   | The path segment contains multiple wildcards |

### Query String Values

Wildcards are allowed in query string values with the following restrictions:

 * Partial wildcards are not allowed for query string values.

Wildcards are _not_ allowed in query string names. The following table provides some examples of valid and invalid wildcard patterns in the query string.

_Query String Wildcards_

| Example                                    | Valid                                                 | Reason                                                              |
|--------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `https://example.com?foo=*`                | <i class="fas fa-check text-green-600 font-bold"></i> | &nbsp;                                                              |
| `https://example.com?foo=*&bar=*&baz=blah` | <i class="fas fa-check text-green-600 font-bold"></i> | &nbsp;                                                              |
| `https://example.com?foo=par*tial`         | <i class="fas fa-times text-red-600 font-bold"></i>   | Partial wildcard replacement is not allowed for query string values |
| `https://example.com?*=blah`               | <i class="fas fa-times text-red-600 font-bold"></i>   | Wildcards are not allowed in query string names                     |

## Wildcard Replacement Patterns

The position where wildcards are allowed in configured values is just one half of the puzzle. Wildcards in each portion of the URL have different rules for the replacement values. Please note that allowed replacement values may not produce a valid URL. This section provides details on the allowed replacements for wildcards in each portion of the URL. Each wildcard in the configured value must match one or more characters. Matches against empty strings will fail.

### Domain

Replacements for wildcards in the domain portion of the URL must not contain `.`, `:`, `/`, or `?` characters. The following table lists examples of valid and invalid replacements for valid wildcard patterns.

_Domain wildcard replacement_

| Pattern                     | Value                               | Valid                                                 | Reason                                                    |
|-----------------------------|-------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------|
| `https://*.example.com`     | `https://login.example.com`         | <i class="fas fa-check text-green-600 font-bold"></i> | &nbsp;                                                    |
| `https://auth*.example.com` | `https://auth2.example.com`         | <i class="fas fa-check text-green-600 font-bold"></i> | &nbsp;                                                    |
| `https://auth*.example.com` | `https://auth.example.com `         | <i class="fas fa-times text-red-600 font-bold"></i>   | The value does not contain a character to replace the `*` |
| `https://*.example.com`     | `https://auth.customer.example.com` | <i class="fas fa-times text-red-600 font-bold"></i>   | The replacement contains a `.` character                  |

### Port

Replacement values for wildcards in the port portion of the URL must consist of one or more decimal digits.

_Port wildcard replacement_

| Pattern                 | Value                      | Valid                                                 | Reason                                                 |
|-------------------------|----------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|
| `https://example.com:*` | `https://example.com:2012` | <i class="fas fa-check text-green-600 font-bold"></i> | &nbsp;                                                 |
| `https://example.com:`  | `https://example.com:80b`  | <i class="fas fa-times text-red-600 font-bold"></i>   | The replacement value contains a non-numeric character |

### Path Segments

Replacement values for wildcards in a path segment of the URL must not contain `/` or `?` characters.

_Path segment wildcard replacement_

| Pattern                               | Value                                         | Valid                                                 | Reason                                                                          |
|---------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `https://example.com/path/*/resource` | `https://example.com/path/to/resource`        | <i class="fas fa-check text-green-600 font-bold"></i> |                                                                                 |
| `https://example.com/p*/to/resource`  | `https://example.com/path/to/resource`        | <i class="fas fa-check text-green-600 font-bold"></i> |                                                                                 |
| `https://example.com/*/par*tial/*`    | `https://example.com/path/partotial/resource` | <i class="fas fa-check text-green-600 font-bold"></i> |                                                                                 |
| `https://example.com/path/*/resource` | `https://example.com/path/to/the/resource`    | <i class="fas fa-times text-red-600 font-bold"></i>   | The replacement value contains a `/`                                            |
| `https://example.com/path/*`          | `https://example.com/path/resource?foo=bar`   | <i class="fas fa-times text-red-600 font-bold"></i>   | The replacement value contains a `?`                                            |
| `https://example.com/*/par*tial/*`    | `https://example.com/path/partial/resource`   | <i class="fas fa-times text-red-600 font-bold"></i>   | The segment `partial` does not contain a replacement character for the wildcard |

### Query String Values

Replacement values for query string values must not contain the `&` character.

_Query string value wildcard replacement_

| Pattern                     | Value                                  | Valid                                                 | Reason                                                         |
|-----------------------------|----------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------|
| `https://example.com?foo=*` | `https://example.com?foo=bar`          | <i class="fas fa-check text-green-600 font-bold"></i> |                                                                |
| `https://example.com?foo=*` | `https://example.com?foo=bar&baz=blah` | <i class="fas fa-times text-red-600 font-bold"></i>   | The replacement value contains an `&` character                |
| `https://example.com?foo=*` | `https://example.com?baz=blah&foo=bar` | <i class="fas fa-times text-red-600 font-bold"></i>   | The replacement value contains an extra query string parameter |

# Passwordless Login Overview

import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

<YouTube id="PO789dLrX3M" />

Passwordless authentication refers to any method where users do not need to provide a password to authenticate.

These methods have user interface benefits and can help decrease friction for users looking to log in. No more passwords to remember, or, worse, to forget.

## Magic Links and One Time Passwords

Instead of asking your users to remember a password, you can use magic links or one-time passwords (OTP). This authentication method sends an email or message to the user that allows them to log in without entering a password.

Possession of the message proves the user's identity and authenticates them. This method uses either a clickable link (aka a magic link) or a delivered one-time password (OTP), like `000000`.

This method works well when you: 

* have a way to message your users, such as an email address, phone number, or Facebook account
* want to minimize login friction

Learn [more about magic links](/articles/identity-basics/magic-links) or [how to implement magic links with FusionAuth](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/magic-links).


## WebAuthn and Passkeys

Instead of forcing users to remember a password, with WebAuthn passkeys, they can use strong biometric means of authentication. Using a standard protocol called WebAuthn, web and mobile applications can leverage devices such as phones or YubiKeys to authenticate a user.

This method works well when you:

* know your users use WebAuthn capable browsers
* want to allow for secure, phishing resistant authentication
* want to minimize login friction

Learn [more about WebAuthn passkeys](/articles/authentication/webauthn-explained) or [how to implement WebAuthn passkeys with FusionAuth](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/webauthn-passkeys).

# Authentication With Magic Links & One-Time Passwords

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import PasswordlessLoginTemplates from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_passwordless-login-templates.mdx';
import PasswordlessLoginTemplate from 'src/content/docs/_shared/message/_passwordless-txt.mdx';

import { Code } from 'astro/components';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

Magic link authentication allows a user to prove their identity without a password.

Magic links authentication is provided by FusionAuth using a single-use, time-bound code, delivered by email or SMS. However, that is not your only option. If you need more customization, you can use the [passwordless API](/docs/apis/passwordless) to generate a code. Then you may deliver it by another method, such as a push notification.

This guide will cover the FusionAuth magic links authentication implementation including standard configuration, APIs you may use to build a custom experience, and system settings.

Here's a video showing the default magic links process in FusionAuth:

<YouTube id="hMqxo68ZJlw" />

## Magic Links And One-Time Passwords

This feature in FusionAuth sends a secure, single-use, time-bound, code. By default, if a user enters an email address, this is sent via email. If the user enters a phone number, this is sent via SMS. When a user visits the link or enters a one-time code, they are logged in, as if by magic. The one-time code is also known as a one-time password or OTP.

The user don't need to provide any other credentials; ownership and access to the delivered code is considered proof of identity. This is also known as "magic link" or OTP login. It does not require a password, hence the general term "passwordless".

You are not required to use email or SMS as a transport mechanism, though it is quite common. If you are [Using the API Directly](#using-the-api-directly), you can use push notifications, send it via Whatsapp, or deliver it via carrier pigeon. As long as the user can provide the value to FusionAuth, it will be validated and the user will be logged in.

<Aside title="Since 1.41.0" type="version">
Prior to version 1.41.0, magic links and codes were the only form of passwordless authentication supported by FusionAuth.

Therefore the user interface and API use the term `passwordless`, even though versions 1.41.0 and beyond support multiple kinds of passwordless authentication.
</Aside>

<Aside title="Available since 1.59.0" type="version">
  Built-in phone number/SMS passwordless logins are available in FusionAuth 1.59.0 and later.
</Aside>

## When Does Using Magic Links Make Sense

Magic link authentication eases a user's sign-in experience. Rather than having to remember which password they used, a user gives their email address or phone number and is sent a link or one time code. When they click through, they are authenticated.

In addition to being easier for users, a magic link login experience prevents them from reusing the same password across different sites or applications. No longer will you worry about another website's data breach causing illicit access to your system. In addition, password brute forcing is no longer a threat since the codes are one-time use.

## Setting Up For Magic Links

If you are planning to use magic links, you have two options. The first option you can use is the FusionAuth hosted login pages. FusionAuth's hosted login pages are customizable via themes to make each of the web pages look like your application. The other option is using the passwordless API. Let's look at each in turn.

In either case, you should:

* Configure your SMTP/Messenger server settings under <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Phone</Breadcrumb>. If you are testing this flow out locally, you may want to use [mailcatcher](https://mailcatcher.me/) or a simple HTTP server as a mock messenger for SMS cases.
* Ensure your templates are set up correctly. You can use the default templates, but you may want to customize them. More on that in the [Customizing Magic Link Authentication](#customizing-magic-link-authentication) section.
* Create an application
* Turn on <InlineField>Passwordless Login</InlineField> under the <Breadcrumb>Security</Breadcrumb> tab of the application configuration:

![Turn on magic links passwordless login](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/turn-on-passwordless.png)

* Add a user and register them with your application. Make sure you register a valid email address or phone number

Since, by default, magic links authentication requires email or SMS delivery, ensure FusionAuth is correctly configured to send email or SMS messages.

## Using the FusionAuth Hosted Login Pages

Choose the FusionAuth hosted login pages approach if you want to use the [Authorization Code grant](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/#example-authorization-code-grant). 

<Aside type="note">
As of version 1.41.0, FusionAuth supports multiple kinds of passwordless authentication, not just magic links.
</Aside>

To use this option:

1. Go to your application configuration page in the administration UI
1. Configure the OAuth redirect URL as you would with any application where users authenticate password ([more on OAuth config here](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/)). Make sure the Authorization Code grant is an enabled grant
1. Turn on <InlineField>Passwordless Login</InlineField> under the <Breadcrumb>Security</Breadcrumb> tab of the application configuration:
   ![Turn on magic links passwordless login](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/turn-on-passwordless.png)

Now you're done with configuration.

To test out how your users would experience this:

1. Go to your application login page and click the <InlineUIElement>Login with a magic link</InlineUIElement> button
   ![The magic links login magic link](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/login-page-with-magic-link.png)

1. Enter the user's email or phone number
   ![The magic links login request form](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/passwordless-request-form.png)

1. Go to the user's email or SMS inbox.
1. Click the link or enter the one-time code into the form.
   ![The magic links phone request form](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/passwordless-phone-otp-request-form.png)

As soon as the magic link is clicked or the one-time code is entered, the user has begun an Authorization Code grant. You can [consume the authorization code](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/#example-authorization-code-grant) using a library or your own code. Whatever you would normally do if someone signed in with a password, you can now do here. This means that you'll be provided with the same refresh tokens, user data, or JWTs that would be delivered if the user had signed in with a password.

<Aside type="note">
If you are testing locally with an email server like Mailcatcher, you may need to copy the link from the email and paste it into your browser. Some email clients will not allow you to click on links that are not HTTPS.
</Aside>

To customize the look of the login pages, use [themes](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/). While editing the theme, you could remove the username/password form. This would force everyone to use magic links authentication.

Changing a theme modifies it for all applications in a tenant, so these changes can affect the FusionAuth admin UI (if the new application is in the default tenant) and other applications in the same tenant. If you want to hide the username/password form on an application by application basis, use separate tenants, add logic to your theme to hide parts of the HTML based on the `client_id`, or [use application specific themes](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/application-specific-themes).

### Limitations

There are a few limitations when using the FusionAuth hosted login pages:

* This approach will only send the magic link or one-time code via email or SMS.
* This approach requires you to use the Authorization Code grant.

## Using the API Directly

While using the FusionAuth hosted login pages works for many, you may need more control or flexibility. You can use the passwordless API to authenticate a user with a one-time code. The [API reference docs](/docs/apis/passwordless) cover each of the API calls, but this guide will walk you through an implementation.

There are a couple of reasons you might choose this method of integration.

* You can customize every part of the user login experience.
* You can send the code using a different method such as a Slack direct message.

When using this option, you must set up an [API key](/docs/apis/authentication) with the appropriate permissions. The minimum level of privilege required is the `POST` permission to the `/api/passwordless/start` endpoint.

### Calling the API

There are four parts to build your own magic link flow.

1. You start the magic link login via an API call to FusionAuth
2. Deliver the code to the user
3. The user enters the code
4. You complete the magic link login via an API call

#### Starting the login

You start a magic link login by calling the [`/api/passwordless/start`](/docs/apis/passwordless#start-passwordless-login) endpoint.

```shell title="Start Magic Link Login API call"
API_KEY=...
REQUEST_PAYLOAD='{...}'
curl  -H "Content-type: application/json" -H "Authorization: $API_KEY" https://local.fusionauth.io/api/passwordless/start -d "$REQUEST_PAYLOAD"
```

Here's an example request payload:

<JSON title="Start Magic Link Login Request JSON" src="passwordless/start-request.json" />

The `state` property in the JSON is optional. If present, it is echoed back to your application at the end of the magic link login workflow. This allows anonymous users to interact with your application, then log in and have data from their anonymous session available.

For example, if you have a shopping site, you may want to allow a user to add items to their cart before they sign in. Once they have logged in, the `state` parameter can be used to associate their cart Id with the authenticated user. In this case, the `state` key might be set to a JSON object like this:

```json
{ "cart_id" : 1234 }
```

The call to [`/api/passwordless/start`](/docs/apis/passwordless#start-passwordless-login) begins the authentication process, and returns a response with a code:

<JSON title="Start Magic Link Email Login Response JSON" src="passwordless/start-response.json" />

<JSON title="Start Magic Link Phone Login Response JSON" src="passwordless/start-phone-response.json" />

Possession of this one-time code authenticates the end user. Deliver this code to the end user using whatever method you'd like. If you want to use FusionAuth to deliver the code via email or SMS, see [Sending the Code Using FusionAuth](#sending-the-code-using-fusionauth).

#### Sending the Code Using FusionAuth

This is an optional API call. If you want to send the code via the email server or SMS messenger configured in FusionAuth, you may use the [`/api/passwordless/send`](/docs/apis/passwordless#send-passwordless-login) API endpoint.

Using this API call allows you the benefits of FusionAuth locale-aware email or SMS templates and delivery capabilities without requiring you to use the FusionAuth login forms.

#### The User Enters the Code

Once the user possesses the code, they must provide it to your application. You must build an interface for them to do so. For email use cases, the email message will often contain a link to a form where the user can enter the `code`, or the link will hit a back end endpoint that processes the code.

For phone number use cases, the typical pattern is for your application to present a form immediately after sending the code to the user. The `code` value can be available as a hidden field on a form, but the `oneTimeCode` value must be provided by the user.

#### Completing the Login

When the user provides the code to you, call the [`/api/passwordless/login`](/docs/apis/passwordless#complete-a-passwordless-login) endpoint. You can pass other information such as IP address, but only the code is required.

<JSON title="Complete Magic Link Email Login Request JSON" src="passwordless/start-response.json" />

<JSON title="Complete Magic Link Phone Login Request JSON" src="passwordless/start-phone-response.json" />

If the code (and for phone numbers, `oneTimeCode`) is valid, your application will receive user data, a JWT, and other data based on the application configuration. If you send a `state` property in the JSON when starting the authentication process, it will also be included in the response, under the `state` key.

<JSON title="Complete Magic Link Response JSON" src="users/passwordless-login-response.json" />

The user is now authenticated. Your application has user data, pre-existing state if provided, and a JWT which can be used to represent the user to other resources. If you want to send the JWT to a client as a cookie, you can now do so.

##### Additional Magic Link Login Parameters

JWTs are typically passed to other systems like an API server to enable access to protected resources ([more about JWTs](/articles/tokens/)). If you are using magic link authentication and are not using the JWT, you can turn off its generation. Creating and signing the JWT requires server resources; turning JWT generation off will improve performance.

To do so, set the `noJWT` parameter to true when you call the complete API endpoint.

#### Common Failure Paths

Every time you start a magic link or OTP login for a given user, all other codes for that user are marked invalid. Codes are also invalidated after a configurable time limit.

If a user provides a code that is invalid, if their account is locked, or if there is any other issue in the request, a status code in the 400 range will be returned. Please consult the [passwordless API reference docs](/docs/apis/passwordless#response-3) for more details about return status codes.

## Two Factor Authentication

You can use FusionAuth magic link and OTP authentication in combination with two-factor authentication (also called multi-factor authentication or MFA).

When two-factor authentication is enabled for a user, after the code has been provided they are prompted to provide an additional two-factor verification code.

Learn more about setting up [two-factor authentication](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/multi-factor-authentication).

### Two Factor Authentication With the API

Two factor authentication also works when [Using the API Directly](#using-the-api-directly). In that case, when you complete the magic link authentication, instead of getting the user data, you'll get a `twoFactorId`:

```json
{"twoFactorId":"VnNILnXs_EDG-cjwokwITRApmAxCMkojeT3CUqqLhLc"}
```

Your application must then prompt the user for their two-factor code, from SMS or an application like Google Authenticator. Note that this is an entirely different code than the one-time code returned when you started the magic link login. Pass the `twoFactorId` and the two-factor code to the [`/api/two-factor/login`](/docs/apis/login#complete-multi-factor-authentication) endpoint in order to complete the two-factor authentication.

If a user has previously completed a two-factor authentication and has decided to trust the device, you may have a `twoFactorTrustId` value. This can be passed to the [`/api/passwordless/login`](/docs/apis/passwordless#complete-a-passwordless-login) endpoint. If valid, this will skip the two-factor challenge.

## Customizing Magic Link Authentication

You can configure the FusionAuth passwordless implementation to meet your application's needs.

### Templates

If you are using the FusionAuth provided email or phone templates, whether you are using the standard FusionAuth user interface or the [`/api/passwordless/send`](/docs/apis/passwordless#send-passwordless-login) API call, you will need to customize them.

#### Email Template Customization

Since the template references "FusionAuth", start with duplicating the `[FusionAuth Default] Passwordless Login` template:

![Duplicate the magic link login email template.](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/duplicating-email-template.png

Then modify it with your branding and messaging.

![Modifying the magic link login email template.](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/modifying-email-template.png)

Configure the tenant identities template settings to use your email template.

![Updating the tenant to use the new magic link email template.](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/update-tenant-with-new-template.png)

When customizing, you can use any Apache FreeMarker built-ins within the template and in the subject. Make sure you modify both the HTML and text templates. Here are the default email templates:

<PasswordlessLoginTemplates/>

You can localize the email template as well:

![The localization screen for your email templates.](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/localization-screen-for-email-template.png)

Here is more information about [email and message templates](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/).

#### Customizing the Subject

Here's an example of how to customize the subject with FreeMarker. The subject below shows how to customize the subject with the time the link expires.

```plaintext title=Customizing the subject
[#setting time_zone = (user.timezone)!"US/Denver"]
[#setting time_format = "h:mm a"]
Expires at: ${((.now?date?long + timeToLive * 1000)?number_to_time)?string}
```

#### Message Template Customization

The message template is used for SMS delivery. It is similar to the email template, but does not have an HTML version. You can customize it in the same way as the email template, but you will only have a text version. Additionally, you can use the `oneTimeCode` variable to include the one-time code in the message.

![Modifying the magic link login message template.](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/modifying-message-template.png)

Here is the default message template:

<PasswordlessLoginTemplate />

### One Time Code Customization

You can modify the lifetime of the code and one-time code delivered to users. By default it is 180 seconds; change this in the tenant settings:

![The tenant settings to customize code lifetime.](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/tenant-settings-duration.png)

You can also change the types of the generated code and one-time code. For example, you may want your code to be only alphanumeric characters and one-time code to be numeric digits.

You may change your code length or generation strategy for security or user experience reasons. You may have requirements that specify a certain code length. If you deliver the code by text message, having a user enter a six digit alphanumeric code sent to them by SMS is a lot easier than a 64 byte string.

You have the following options for the code generation strategy:

* alphabetic characters
* alphanumeric characters
* bytes
* digits

Consult the [tenant API documentation](/docs/apis/tenants) for length limits, which vary based on the strategy.

![The tenant settings to customize code generation strategy.](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/tenant-settings-generation.png)

## Security

With magic link authentication, if the user's email account or phone number is hijacked, their account on your system is compromised. However, many organizations have security policies and protections around email accounts. It is often easier to protect and regularly change one email account password than to change all of a user's passwords. Email accounts are also more likely to have two-factor authentication enabled.

One way to increase the security of your magic link/OTP authentications is to decrease the lifetime of the code. This will help if the email or SMS message is compromised or accidentally forwarded.

There are no limits on how many passwordless requests can be made for a user, but only the most recent code is valid. Using any of the others, even if they have not yet expired, will display an `Invalid login credentials` message to the user.

If someone tries to log in with an email or phone number that is not present in the FusionAuth user database, they'll see the same notification as they would if the email or phone number existed. No email or SMS message will be sent.

If you use the passwordless API, follow the principle of least privilege, and limit calls to which the API key has access. If you are using the API key only for magic link passwordless login, don't give this key any other permissions.

### What About Users' Passwords

You can choose to disable passwords to enforce passwordless login. See the [Password enabled](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenants#password-settings) tenant setting for more information.

## Troubleshooting

### Magic Link Button Not Appearing on Login Page

If the <InlineUIElement>Login with a magic link</InlineUIElement> button does not appear on your login page, check the following:
* Ensure that the application has <InlineField>Passwordless Login</InlineField> enabled under the <Breadcrumb>Security</Breadcrumb> tab.
* Ensure that the application and/or tenant has a valid email or phone template configured for Passwordless Login.
* Ensure that SMS and/or email is configured in the tenant settings.

### Email

If you are experiencing troubles with email deliverability, review [the email troubleshooting documentation](/docs/operate/troubleshooting#troubleshooting-email).

### Invalid Links

In some cases, email clients will visit links in an email before the user does. In particular, this is known to happen with Outlook "safe links". If the client does this when the email contains a passwordless one time code, that code may be invalid when the user clicks on it, as it has already been "used" by the client.

One option is to consult with your email client administrator. It may be possible to add the application's URL to an allow list.

In version 1.27, FusionAuth changed the link processing behavior to remedy this for some situations. Given the wide variety of email client behavior, it may still be present in other scenarios.

If your users' passwordless codes are being expired by an email client, please [file a GitHub issue](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues).

# Configure WebAuthn

import LicensedPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_licensed-plan-blurb.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import LicensedPlanBlurbApi from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_licensed-plan-blurb-api.mdx';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import EnterprisePlanBlurbApi from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_enterprise-plan-blurb-api.astro';

<LicensedPlanBlurb version="1.52.0" />

<Aside type="version">
Available since 1.41.0
</Aside>

## Overview

WebAuthn provides the ability for users to authenticate in their browser using the same method they use to unlock their device, like a biometric scan or PIN. WebAuthn has some big security benefits over the traditional username and password. Read on to learn how to configure WebAuthn in your FusionAuth instance. If you'd like more detail on integrating WebAuthn with your FusionAuth instance, check out the [WebAuthn Developer Guide](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/webauthn-passkeys).

<Aside type="note">
What about passkeys?

"Passkey" is the user-friendly term for WebAuthn credentials. Use this guide to configure FusionAuth's WebAuthn systems to allow your users to log in with passkeys.
</Aside>

## What is WebAuthn

WebAuthn is a W3C [specification](https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn-2/) that defines an API to create and use public-key credentials in web applications. Check out FusionAuth's [WebAuthn blog post](/blog/what-is-webauthn-why-do-you-care) for more information on the basics of WebAuthn and its security benefits.

You can enable WebAuthn in your FusionAuth instance with a few configuration changes. This guide explains these configuration options and provides detail to help you choose the best options for your instance.

<LicensedPlanBlurbApi feature="WebAuthn" />


See the [Licensing](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/licensing) guide for information about activating a license for your FusionAuth instance.

## Tenant Configuration
The bulk of WebAuthn configuration happens at the tenant level, including Relying Party settings, authenticator attachment, and user verification requirements. Use the WebAuthn tab on the add/edit tenant page to configure these options.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/tenant-configuration-webauthn-general.png" alt="Tenant Configuration - WebAuthn" width="1200"  role="top-cropped" bottom-cropped="undefined" />

The settings in this first section are applied to all applications in the tenant.

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Enabled">
    This toggle must be enabled to use WebAuthn on this tenant.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Relying party Id">
    The Relying Party Id controls the scope of WebAuthn passkeys (i.e. which sites a WebAuthn passkey can be used to authenticate). More on this [below](#relying-party-id).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Relying party name">
    The Relying Party name is a human-readable name that may be displayed by the browser or operating system during a WebAuthn ceremony. The value should be something that your users will recognize such as the name of your company or service. If the field is left blank, FusionAuth will default the value to <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> from the <Breadcrumb>General</Breadcrumb> tab during WebAuthn ceremonies.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Debug enabled">
    Enable this toggle to create event logs with detailed information on WebAuthn failures. This can be useful for troubleshooting WebAuthn integration issues.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Relying Party Id
The Relying Party Id controls which sites a given passkey can be used on. A passkey can only be used with the same Relying Party Id it was registered with. There are constraints on valid values based on the website where the WebAuthn ceremonies are performed. Leaving this field blank, which causes the [WebAuthn JavaScript API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Authentication_API) to use the browser request origin's effective domain, should work for most use cases, but overriding the value can provide additional flexibility.

Next, we'll cover the constraints imposed on this value by the browser and then how and why you may want to override the value.

#### Constraints

As part of its security requirements, the WebAuthn specification requires that the Relying Party Id for a given ceremony is either:

* The browser request origin's [effective domain](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/browsers.html#concept-origin-effective-domain)
* A [registrable domain suffix](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/browsers.html#is-a-registrable-domain-suffix-of-or-is-equal-to) of the browser request origin's effective domain

It's easier to explain with an example. If your login page is at `https://auth.piedpiper.com/oauth2/authorize`, then the effective domain is `auth.piedpiper.com`. The following are valid Relying Party Ids:

* `auth.piedpiper.com` - matches the effective domain
* `piedpiper.com` - a registrable suffix of the effective domain

But the following values are _not_ valid:

* `m.auth.piedpiper.com` - a subdomain of the effective domain
* `com` - this is a suffix of the effective domain but not registrable

Remember, if you are using a proxy or other means to serve up authentication pages for multiple domains, the domain the user sees in the browser is what matters, not the true hostname of the server.

#### Override

Continuing with the example from the previous section, let's say your login page is at `auth.piedpiper.com`. If <InlineField>Relying party Id</InlineField> is left blank, the [WebAuthn JavaScript API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Authentication_API) will default to using `auth.piedpiper.com`, the browser request origin's effective domain, to scope passkeys. This means that passkeys will be registered with a Relying Party Id of `auth.piedpiper.com`, and those passkeys can only be used when the Relying Party Id is `auth.piedpiper.com` during the authentication ceremony.

The primary use case for overriding the Relying Party Id is to allow users access to their passkeys across multiple subdomains. Let's expand this scenario and assume you've got login pages on a few domains:

* `auth.piedpiper.com` - the login domain for desktop/laptop users
* `m.auth.piedpiper.com` - the login domain for mobile browser users
* `login.piedpiper.com` - a legacy domain that is still in use for some portion of users

If you leave the <InlineField>Relying party Id</InlineField> blank, passkeys will be scoped to these exact domains. This means that a user who registers a passkey on their MacBook at `auth.piedpiper.com`, which is then synced to their other Apple devices via iCloud, would not be able to use that same passkey on their iPhone at `m.auth.piedpiper.com`. It also means that a user who registers a passkey on the legacy `login.piedpiper.com` would not be able to use that passkey on `auth.piedpiper.com` once they have been migrated to the new login domain.

There are a couple of options to override the Relying Party Id to improve the flexibility and usefulness of WebAuthn. Here are the override options available assuming all three login domains use the same FusionAuth instance and keeping in mind the constraints from the previous section:

* `auth.piedpiper.com` - this value would allow users to share the same passkey between `auth.piedpiper.com` and `m.auth.piedpiper.com`, but it would prevent users from registering or using passkeys on the `login.piedpiper.com` legacy domain
* `piedpiper.com` - this value functions the same as using `auth.piedpiper.com` with the added benefit that users would be allowed to register and use passkeys on `login.piedpiper.com` _and_ continue using those same passkeys once they are migrated to the new `auth.piedpiper.com` domain

### Workflow settings

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/tenant-configuration-webauthn-workflow.png" alt="Tenant Configuration - WebAuthn workflow settings" width="1200"  role="top-cropped" bottom-cropped="undefined" />

Each WebAuthn workflow has the same set of configuration options.

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Enabled">
    Enabling this toggle will enable the associated workflow for all applications belonging to this tenant. The availability of a workflow can be overridden at the application level using the [Application Configuration](#application-configuration).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Authenticator attachment">
    This setting controls which authenticator attachments are allowed for registration ceremonies when using the associated workflow. See the section [below](#authenticator-attachment) for recommendations on configuring this option.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="User verification">
    This setting controls whether user verification is required for registration and authentication ceremonies when using the associated workflow. See the section [below](#user-verification) for recommendations on configuring this option.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

#### Authenticator attachment

There are two [authenticator attachment modalities](https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn-2/#authenticator-attachment-modality) in WebAuthn.

* `platform` - the authenticator is integrated with the client device
* `cross-platform` - the authenticator is removable from the client device and can be used with other client devices

The workflow settings allow limiting the associated workflow to one attachment only or allowing either. The value is used to limit eligible authenticators to those that are best suited for the workflow. The authenticator attachment preference only impacts the WebAuthn registration ceremony. These are the recommended values for available WebAuthn workflows:

* Bootstrap - ``Any``. The bootstrap workflow can be used to authenticate on any supported device. The `Any` option allows signing in with WebAuthn across the broadest set of devices.
* Re-authentication - ``Platform only``. In order to ensure that the authenticator is available for repeated logins on the same device, it is best to limit authenticator selection to those integrated with the client device.

<EnterprisePlanBlurbApi feature="WebAuthn cross-platform authenticators" />


#### User verification

There are three options for the [user verification requirement](https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn-2/#enum-userVerificationRequirement) defined by WebAuthn.

* `Required` - user verification is required to successfully complete the WebAuthn ceremony
* `Preferred` - user verification is preferred for the WebAuthn ceremony, but it will not fail if user verification is not provided
* `Discouraged` - user verification should not be provided for the WebAuthn ceremony

The workflow settings allow selecting the preference for user verification. If the workflow allows a user to authenticate, it is _highly_ recommended to require user verification. If user authentication is not required, anyone with access to the authenticator could use it to authenticate as the user that owns the passkey.

## Application Configuration

The application-level configuration options for WebAuthn serve as a way to override the availability of WebAuthn workflows that are configured at the tenant level.

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/application-webauthn.png" alt="Application Configuration - WebAuthn" width="1200" role="top-cropped,bottom-cropped"/>

In order to override which workflows are enabled for the application, regardless of the tenant configuration, first enable the main toggle. Enabling the toggle in one of the subsections will enable that workflow for the application. Likewise, disabling the toggle in one of the subsections will disable that workflow for the application.

# Authentication With WebAuthn & Passkeys

import LicensedPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_licensed-plan-blurb.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import {YouTube} from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

<LicensedPlanBlurb version="1.52.0" />

<Aside type="version">
Available since 1.41.0
</Aside>

WebAuthn is a W3C [specification](https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn-2/) that defines an API to create and use public-key credentials in web applications that provides the ability for users to authenticate in their browser using the same method they use to unlock their device, like a biometric scan or PIN. WebAuthn has some big security benefits over the traditional username and password. Continue reading to learn how you can integrate WebAuthn with your FusionAuth instance. If you’re an administrator looking for details on configuring WebAuthn in your FusionAuth instance, check out the [WebAuthn Admin Guide](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/webauthn).  If you want more information on the basics of WebAuthn and its security benefits, FusionAuth's [WebAuthn blog post](/blog/what-is-webauthn-why-do-you-care) is a good place to start.

<Aside type="note">
What about passkeys?

"Passkey" is the user-friendly term for WebAuthn credentials. Use this guide to integrate FusionAuth's WebAuthn systems with your application login to allow your users to log in with passkeys.
</Aside>

## Video Walkthrough For Community License

<YouTube id="5fnqo_13ZYk" />

<Aside type="note">
If you’re already using the Community plan, you’ll need to upgrade to 1.52.0 to get passkeys. Regardless of whether you’re a new or existing user, you’ll need to register for a free license of FusionAuth. Our Admin UI will walk you through the process. Your free license is good forever, and will remain active as we add even more features to the Community plan over time.
</Aside>

## Setting Up For WebAuthn
If you are planning to use WebAuthn, you have two options. The first option is the FusionAuth hosted login pages interface. FusionAuth’s hosted login pages are customizable via themes to make each of the web pages look like your application. The other option is using the WebAuthn API. Both approaches are covered in the sections below.

In either case, you should:

* Enable WebAuthn under the "WebAuthn" tab of the tenant configuration:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/tenant-enable-webauthn.png" alt="Enable WebAuthn" width="1200" role="shadowed" />

* Enable one or more WebAuthn workflows on the tenant configuration:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/tenant-enable-workflows.png" alt="Enable Workflows" width="1200" role="shadowed" />

* Add a user and register them with an application belonging to the tenant

The [WebAuthn Admin Guide](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/webauthn) has more information on the tenant configuration options and overriding workflow availability per application.

## Using the FusionAuth Hosted Login Pages

Using the FusionAuth hosted login pages will handle the client-side portion of WebAuthn ceremonies for you. This includes necessary data conversions between the FusionAuth APIs and the [WebAuthn JavaScript API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Authentication_API) as well as the WebAuthn API call itself. There is no additional configuration required for this approach.

FusionAuth supports two WebAuthn workflows: re-authentication and bootstrap authentication.

### Re-authentication

The re-authentication workflow is used to provide a streamlined user experience for repeated logins from the same device. FusionAuth will automatically prompt users to opt in to this workflow when it detects a compatible device. The next time the user is prompted to sign in, they will be redirected to a WebAuthn re-authentication page that lists available passkeys. The user can sign in by clicking a passkey in the list and completing the WebAuthn authentication ceremony.

#### Registration

After a successful login, users will automatically be redirected to prompt them to register or select a WebAuthn passkey for re-authentication if:

1. The re-authentication workflow is enabled
2. FusionAuth detects a device suitable for re-authentication using the [isUserVerifyingPlatformAuthenticatorAvailable()](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/PublicKeyCredential/isUserVerifyingPlatformAuthenticatorAvailable) JavaScript method

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/reauth-enable.png" alt="Re-authentication Prompt" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

The re-authentication prompt page lists a user's WebAuthn passkeys that meet the attachment and user verification requirements for the tenant configuration. It also has a section to register a new passkey for re-authentication.

There are a few important notes about this page:

* The listed passkeys may have been registered with an authenticator that is not currently available (e.g. a removable security key)
* The listed passkeys may have been registered in another browser. Typically passkeys registered with a platform authenticator in one browser will not work in a different browser
* If the user tries to register a new passkey using the same authenticator as another of their passkeys, the registration ceremony will fail

The user is also presented with the option to skip selecting a re-authentication passkey. Choosing the "Don't ask me again on this device" and then clicking the <InlineUIElement>Not now</InlineUIElement> button will skip the prompt to sign in with a passkey in the future.

The user can select a passkey from the list to complete a WebAuthn authentication ceremony and mark that passkey for re-authentication. Otherwise, they can enter a display name and complete a WebAuthn registration ceremony to generate a new passkey that will be marked for re-authentication. In either case, FusionAuth will redirect to the WebAuthn re-authentication page the next time a login page would be presented.

#### Authentication

When a user visits the hosted login pages and begins an authentication, FusionAuth will check to see if the user has previously set up a passkey for this device. If this can be determined, the user will be redirected to the WebAuthn re-authentication page.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/reauth.png" alt="Re-authentication Login" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

WebAuthn passkeys determined to be present will be listed. A user can select which passkey and, by extension, account they would like to use for re-authentication. Clicking a passkey on the list will start the WebAuthn authentication ceremony. Only the selected passkey will be eligible to complete the re-authentication. Once the WebAuthn authentication ceremony has been completed successfully, the user will be authenticated.

The user also has the option to return to the normal login page by clicking the <InlineUIElement>Return to the normal login</InlineUIElement> link.

These pages can be modified by the themes just as any other hosted login page.

### Bootstrap Authentication

The bootstrap workflow requires that the user "bootstrap" the WebAuthn authentication ceremony by providing identifying information such as a username or email address. You could think of this as a "manual" WebAuthn login as opposed to the re-authentication workflow where users are automatically prompted. Users can use any of their passkeys whose authenticator meets the attachment and user verification requirements to complete this authentication process.

#### Registration

If the re-authentication workflow is disabled for the tenant, users need another way to register passkeys for WebAuthn bootstrap authentication because they won't be prompted to add a passkey during authentication. Users can register and manage their own passkeys through [Self Service Account Management](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/).

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/self-service.png" alt="Passkey Self Service" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Users can see a list of passkeys along with a button to delete each one. Below the list of registered passkeys is a button to add a new passkey. Passkey registration on this page will use authenticator attachment and user verification requirements designed to cover the broadest set of use cases. Depending on the tenant configuration, passkeys registered here may not be usable with all enabled WebAuthn workflows. For instance, if passkey ABC is cross-platform, but the tenant is only configured to accept platform authenticators, passkey ABC won't work even though it shows up in this list.

#### Authentication

If the bootstrap workflow is enabled, users will see a button to authenticate with "Fingerprint, device or key" on the initial FusionAuth login page.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/bootstrap-button.png" alt="Bootstrap Login Button" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

When a re-authentication passkey has been registered in this browser, users will see a link just above the alternative login methods sections with the text "Return to passkey authentication." This link will take the user back to the re-authentication page.

Clicking the <InlineUIElement>Fingerprint, device or key</InlineUIElement> button will take the user to the WebAuthn bootstrap login page.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/bootstrap-login.png" alt="Bootstrap Login Page" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

The user must identify themselves with their username, email address, or phone number, then click the <InlineUIElement>Submit</InlineUIElement> button to begin the WebAuthn authentication ceremony. They can use any of their registered passkeys whose authenticator meets the configured attachment and user verification requirements for the bootstrap workflow.

Once the WebAuthn authentication ceremony has been completed successfully, the user will be authenticated.

These pages can be modified by the themes just as any other hosted login page.

## Using the API Directly

While using the FusionAuth's hosted login pages works for many, you may need more control. You can use the WebAuthn API to register new passkeys and authenticate a user with a passkey. The [WebAuthn API reference docs](/docs/apis/webauthn) cover each of the API calls, but this guide will walk you through an implementation.

There are a couple of reasons you might choose this method of integration.

* You can customize every part of the user login experience
* You can use a different method to track re-authentication passkey availability

When using this option, you must set up an [API key](/docs/apis/authentication) with the appropriate permissions. The minimum level of privilege required is the `POST` permission to the `/api/webauthn/start` and `/api/webauthn/register/start` endpoints.

The WebAuthn registration and authentication ceremonies both have a similar set of steps.

1. Start the WebAuthn ceremony via an API call to FusionAuth
2. Transform the API response containing the options for the ceremony
3. Invoke the [WebAuthn JavaScript API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Authentication_API) in the browser using the transformed options
4. Transform the authenticator response to prevent issues during network transport
5. Include the transformed response in an API call to FusionAuth to complete the ceremony

The registration and authentication ceremonies are covered in their own sections below.

### Registration

Use the WebAuthn registration ceremony to create a new passkey for a user.

#### Starting the Registration

You start a WebAuthn registration by calling the [`/api/webauthn/register/start`](/docs/apis/webauthn#start-a-webauthn-passkey-registration) endpoint.

```shell title="Start WebAuthn Registration API call"
API_KEY=...
REQUEST_PAYLOAD='{...}'
curl  -H "Content-type: application/json" -H "Authorization: $API_KEY" https://local.fusionauth.io/api/webauthn/register/start -d $REQUEST_PAYLOAD
```

Here's an example request payload:

<JSON title="Start WebAuthn Registration Request JSON" src="webauthn/register-start-request.json" />

The call to [`/api/webauthn/register/start`](/docs/apis/webauthn#start-a-webauthn-passkey-registration) begins the registration ceremony and returns a response with options for the [WebAuthn JavaScript API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Authentication_API), including a one-time challenge specific to this ceremony:

<JSON title="Start WebAuthn Registration Response JSON" src="webauthn/register-start-response.json" />

#### Transform the Options Response

Certain fields on the [`/api/webauthn/register/start`](/docs/apis/webauthn#start-a-webauthn-passkey-registration) response are returned as base64url-encoded strings. These have to be translated to JavaScript [ArrayBuffers](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/ArrayBuffer)s before being passed to the [WebAuthn JavaScript API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Authentication_API). The response should be left as-is other than the transformations for these particular fields.

The following response fields need to be converted to ``ArrayBuffer``s if they are present:

* <InlineField>options.challenge</InlineField>
* <InlineField>options.excludeCredentials\[x].id</InlineField>
* <InlineField>options.user.id</InlineField>

See the [`/api/webauthn/register/start`](/docs/apis/webauthn#start-a-webauthn-passkey-registration) response body section for more details.

You can use the following JavaScript function to perform the conversion:

<RemoteCode title="Function to convert a base64url-encoded string to an ArrayBuffer" lang="javascript" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-javascript-webauthn/main/base64url-to-buffer.js" />

The following is an ES6 JavaScript snippet to convert the API response to the object that is passed to the [WebAuthn JavaScript API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Authentication_API). In the following example `options` is the value of the <InlineField>options</InlineField> field on the [`/api/webauthn/register/start`](/docs/apis/webauthn#start-a-webauthn-passkey-registration) API response, and `creationOptions` is the object that is passed to the WebAuthn JavaScript API's `navigator.credentials.create()` function.

```javascript title="Transform API response for WebAuthn JavaScript API"
const creationOptions = {
  // publicKey indicates this is for WebAuthn
  publicKey: {
    ...options,
    challenge: base64URLToBuffer(options.challenge),
    excludeCredentials: options.excludeCredentials?.map(c => {
      return {
        ...c,
        id: base64URLToBuffer(c.id)
      }
    }) ?? [],
    user: {
      ...options.user,
      id: base64URLToBuffer(options.user.id)
    }
  }
};
```

#### Invoke the WebAuthn JavaScript API

Invoke [navigator.credentials.create()](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/CredentialsContainer/create) on the WebAuthn JavaScript API, passing the transformed FusionAuth API response (`creationOptions` in the snippet above) as a parameter.

The function returns a [Promise](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise) that resolves with a [PublicKeyCredential](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/PublicKeyCredential). Reference MDN documentation or the WebAuthn [specification](https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn-2/) for details.

#### Transform the Authenticator Response

Certain fields on the [PublicKeyCredential](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/PublicKeyCredential) response from the [navigator.credentials.create()](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/CredentialsContainer/create) WebAuthn JavaScript API call need to be transformed from [ArrayBuffer](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/ArrayBuffer)s to base64url-encoded strings for transport over the network.

The following response fields need to be converted from ``ArrayBuffer``s to base64url-encoded strings if they are present where <InlineField>credential</InlineField> refers to the `PublicKeyCredential` returned by the `navigator.credentials.create()` call:

* <InlineField>credential.response.attestationObject</InlineField>
* <InlineField>credential.response.clientDataJSON</InlineField>

See the [`/api/webauthn/register/complete`](/docs/apis/webauthn#complete-a-webauthn-passkey-registration) request body section for more details.

You can use the following JavaScript function to perform the conversion:

<RemoteCode lang="javascript" title="Function to convert an ArrayBuffer to a base64url-encoded string" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-javascript-webauthn/main/buffer-to-base64url.js" />

You should also use convenience methods on the `PublicKeyCredential` and its <InlineField>response</InlineField> field to extract information on transports supported by the authenticator and any requested client extension results. The <InlineField>response</InlineField> field contains an [AuthenticatorAttestationResponse](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/AuthenticatorAttestationResponse) object after a successful call to `navigator.credentials.create()`. The following is an ES6 JavaScript snippet to convert the `PublicKeyCredential` to a suitable format for the FusionAuth [`/api/webauthn/register/complete`](/docs/apis/webauthn#complete-a-webauthn-passkey-registration) API call. In the following example, `credential` is the `PublicKeyCredential` object returned by the WebAuthn JavaScript API's `navigator.credentials.create()` function, and `transformedCredential` is the object that will be included in the [credential](/docs/apis/webauthn#complete-a-webauthn-passkey-registration) on the FusionAuth [`/api/webauthn/register/complete`](/docs/apis/webauthn#complete-a-webauthn-passkey-registration) API request.

```javascript title="Transform WebAuthn JavaScript API response for FusionAuth API request"
const transformedCredential = {
  id: credential.id,
  response: {
    attestationObject: bufferToBase64URL(credential.response.attestationObject),
    clientDataJSON: bufferToBase64URL(credential.response.clientDataJSON)
  },
  type: credential.type,
  clientExtensionResults: credential.getClientExtensionResults(),
  transports: typeof credential.response.getTransports === 'undefined' ? [] : credential.response.getTransports()
};
```

#### Completing the Registration

You complete a WebAuthn registration by calling the [`/api/webauthn/register/complete`](/docs/apis/webauthn#complete-a-webauthn-passkey-registration) endpoint.

```shell title="Complete WebAuthn Registration API call"
REQUEST_PAYLOAD='{...}'
curl  -H "Content-type: application/json" https://local.fusionauth.io/api/webauthn/register/complete -d $REQUEST_PAYLOAD
```

Here's an example request payload where <InlineField>credential</InlineField> is the `transformedCredential` from the snippet above:

<JSON title="Complete WebAuthn Registration Request JSON" src="webauthn/register-complete-request.json" />

The call to [`/api/webauthn/register/complete`](/docs/apis/webauthn#complete-a-webauthn-passkey-registration) completes the registration ceremony by validating the request against the WebAuthn [specification](https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn-2/), extracting the public key, and associating the new passkey with the user. This API returns the new WebAuthn passkey registered for the user.

<JSON title="Complete WebAuthn Registration Response JSON" src="webauthn/response.json" />

### Authentication

Use the WebAuthn authentication ceremony to authenticate a user with a passkey. There is also a separate FusionAuth API to [complete the assertion](#completing-the-assertion), which will validate the authenticator response without logging the user in.

#### Starting the Authentication

You start a WebAuthn authentication ceremony by calling the [`/api/webauthn/start`](/docs/apis/webauthn#start-a-webauthn-passkey-assertion-or-authentication) endpoint.

```shell title="Start WebAuthn Authentication API call"
API_KEY=...
REQUEST_PAYLOAD='{...}'
curl  -H "Content-type: application/json" -H "Authorization: $API_KEY" https://local.fusionauth.io/api/webauthn/start -d $REQUEST_PAYLOAD
```

Here's an example request payload:

<JSON title="Start WebAuthn Authentication Request JSON" src="webauthn/authenticate-start-request.json" />

The call to [`/api/webauthn/start`](/docs/apis/webauthn#start-a-webauthn-passkey-assertion-or-authentication) begins the authentication ceremony and returns a response with options for the [WebAuthn JavaScript API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Authentication_API), including a one-time challenge specific to this ceremony:

<JSON title="Start WebAuthn Authentication Response JSON" src="webauthn/authenticate-start-response.json" />

#### Transform the Options Response

Certain fields on the [`/api/webauthn/start`](/docs/apis/webauthn#start-a-webauthn-passkey-assertion-or-authentication) response are returned as base64url-encoded strings. These have to be translated to JavaScript [ArrayBuffer](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/ArrayBuffer)s before being passed to the [WebAuthn JavaScript API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Authentication_API). The response should be left as-is other than the transformations for these particular fields.

The following response fields need to be converted to `ArrayBuffer`s if they are present:

* <InlineField>options.challenge</InlineField>
* <InlineField>options.allowCredentials\[x].id</InlineField>

See the [`/api/webauthn/start`](/docs/apis/webauthn#start-a-webauthn-passkey-assertion-or-authentication) response body section for more details.

You can use the following JavaScript function to perform the conversion:

<RemoteCode lang="javascript" url="Function to convert a base64url-encoded string to an `ArrayBuffer`" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-javascript-webauthn/main/base64url-to-buffer.js" />

The following is an ES6 JavaScript snippet to convert the API response to the object that is passed to the [WebAuthn JavaScript API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Authentication_API). In the following example `options` is the value of the <InlineField>options</InlineField> field on the [`/api/webauthn/start`](/docs/apis/webauthn#start-a-webauthn-passkey-assertion-or-authentication) API response, and `requestOptions` is the object that is passed to the WebAuthn JavaScript API's `navigator.credentials.get()` function.

```javascript title="Transform API response for WebAuthn JavaScript API"
const requestOptions = {
  // publicKey indicates this is for WebAuthn
  publicKey: {
    ...options,
    challenge: base64URLToBuffer(options.challenge),
    allowCredentials: options.allowCredentials.map(c => {
      return {
        ...c,
        id: base64URLToBuffer(c.id)
      }
    })
  }
};
```

#### Invoke the WebAuthn JavaScript API

Invoke [navigator.credentials.get()](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/CredentialsContainer/get) on the WebAuthn JavaScript API, passing the transformed FusionAuth API response (`requestOptions` in the snippet above) as a parameter.

The function returns a [Promise](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise) that resolves with a [PublicKeyCredential](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/PublicKeyCredential). Reference MDN documentation or the WebAuthn [specification](https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn-2/) for details.

#### Transform the Authenticator Response

Certain fields on the [PublicKeyCredential](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/PublicKeyCredential) response from the [navigator.credentials.get()](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/CredentialsContainer/get) WebAuthn JavaScript API call need to be transformed from [ArrayBuffer](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/ArrayBuffer)s to base64url-encoded strings for transport over the network.

The following response fields need to be converted from ``ArrayBuffer``s to base64url-encoded strings if they are present where <InlineField>credential</InlineField> refers to the `PublicKeyCredential` returned by the `navigator.credentials.get()` call:

* <InlineField>credential.response.authenticatorData</InlineField>
* <InlineField>credential.response.clientDataJSON</InlineField>
* <InlineField>credential.response.signature</InlineField>
* <InlineField>credential.response.userHandle</InlineField>

See the [`/api/webauthn/login`](/docs/apis/webauthn#complete-a-webauthn-passkey-authentication) or [`/api/webauthn/assert`](/docs/apis/webauthn#complete-a-webauthn-passkey-assertion) request body sections for more details.

You can use the following JavaScript function to perform the conversion:

<RemoteCode title="Function to convert an ArrayBuffer to a base64url-encoded string" lang="javascript" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-javascript-webauthn/main/buffer-to-base64url.js" />

You should also use convenience methods on the `PublicKeyCredential` to extract information on any requested client extension results. The <InlineField>response</InlineField> field contains an [AuthenticatorAssertionResponse](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/AuthenticatorAssertionResponse) object after a successful call to `navigator.credentials.get()`. The following is an ES6 JavaScript snippet to convert the `PublicKeyCredential` to a suitable format for the FusionAuth [`/api/webauthn/login`](/docs/apis/webauthn#complete-a-webauthn-passkey-authentication) or [`/api/webauthn/assert`](/docs/apis/webauthn#complete-a-webauthn-passkey-assertion) API call. In the following example, `credential` is the `PublicKeyCredential` object returned by the WebAuthn JavaScript API's `navigator.credentials.get()` function, and `transformedCredential` is the object that will be included in the [credential](/docs/apis/webauthn#complete-a-webauthn-passkey-assertion) field on the FusionAuth API request.

```javascript title="Transform WebAuthn JavaScript API response for FusionAuth API request"
let userHandle = undefined;
if (credential.response.userHandle) {
  userHandle = bufferToBase64URL(credential.response.userHandle);
}
const transformedCredential = {
  id: credential.id,
  response: {
    authenticatorData: bufferToBase64URL(credential.response.authenticatorData),
    clientDataJSON: bufferToBase64URL(credential.response.clientDataJSON),
    signature: bufferToBase64URL(credential.response.signature),
    userHandle
  },
  type: credential.type,
  clientExtensionResults: credential.getClientExtensionResults()
};
```

#### Completing the Authentication

You complete a WebAuthn authentication by calling the [`/api/webauthn/login`](/docs/apis/webauthn#complete-a-webauthn-passkey-authentication) endpoint.

```shell title="Complete WebAuthn Authentication API call"
REQUEST_PAYLOAD='{...}'
curl  -H "Content-type: application/json" https://local.fusionauth.io/api/webauthn/login -d $REQUEST_PAYLOAD
```

Here's an example request payload where <InlineField>credential</InlineField> is the `transformedCredential` from the snippet above:

<JSON title="Complete WebAuthn Authentication Request JSON" src="webauthn/authenticate-complete-request.json" />

The call to [`/api/webauthn/login`](/docs/apis/webauthn#complete-a-webauthn-passkey-authentication) completes the authentication ceremony by validating the request against the WebAuthn [specification](https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn-2/), verifying the signature, and authenticating the user. This API returns the user object for the authenticated user along with access tokens for the successful authentication.

<JSON title="Complete WebAuthn Authentication Response JSON" src="users/login-response.json" />

#### Completing the Assertion

You can also complete a WebAuthn authentication ceremony by calling the [`/api/webauthn/assert`](/docs/apis/webauthn#complete-a-webauthn-passkey-assertion) endpoint. This endpoint performs the same request validation and signature verification as [`/api/webauthn/login`](/docs/apis/webauthn#complete-a-webauthn-passkey-authentication), but it does not authenticate the user. It may be useful to validate that a user has access to passkey without authenticating them.

```shell title="Complete WebAuthn Assertion API call"
REQUEST_PAYLOAD='{...}'
curl  -H "Content-type: application/json" https://local.fusionauth.io/api/webauthn/assert -d $REQUEST_PAYLOAD
```

Here's an example request payload where <InlineField>credential</InlineField> is the `transformedCredential` from the snippet above:

<JSON title="Complete WebAuthn Assertion Request JSON" src="webauthn/authenticate-complete-request.json" />

The call to [`/api/webauthn/assert`](/docs/apis/webauthn#complete-a-webauthn-passkey-assertion) completes the authentication ceremony by validating the request against the WebAuthn [specification](https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn-2/) and verifying the signature, but it does _not_ authenticate the user. This API returns the WebAuthn passkey that was used to complete the assertion.

<JSON title="Complete WebAuthn Assertion Response JSON" src="webauthn/response.json" />

## Customizing WebAuthn

You can configure the FusionAuth WebAuthn implementation to meet your application's needs in a number of ways. For details on WebAuthn workflow configuration, check out the [WebAuthn Admin Guide](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/webauthn).

### Themes

If you are using FusionAuth's hosted login pages to present WebAuthn pages to users, you can customize those pages using a theme. There are several themed pages related to WebAuthn:

* User account self service
  * List WebAuthn passkeys
  * Add WebAuthn passkey
  * Delete WebAuthn passkey
* OAuth
  * WebAuthn bootstrap login
  * WebAuthn re-authentication enable
  * WebAuthn re-authentication login

Here is more information about [themes](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/).

### Challenge Customization

You can modify the lifetime of the one-time challenge generated for WebAuthn registration and authentication ceremonies. By default both are 180 seconds; change this in the tenant settings under <Breadcrumb>Advanced -> External identifier durations</Breadcrumb>:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/challenge-settings.png" alt="The tenant settings to customize challenge lifetime." width="1200" role="top-cropped" bottom-cropped="undefined" />

You may want to adjust the lifetime of these challenges to change how long a user has to complete a ceremony once it has been started. If an attempt is made to complete the ceremony after the challenge expires, it will fail. These values are also used as the timeout for the corresponding [WebAuthn JavaScript API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Authentication_API) calls by returning the value in milliseconds as part of the [`/api/webauthn/register/start`](/docs/apis/webauthn#start-a-webauthn-passkey-registration) and [`/api/webauthn/start`](/docs/apis/webauthn#start-a-webauthn-passkey-assertion-or-authentication) API responses. The WebAuthn JavaScript APIs treat the timeout value as a hint. The browser may allow the user more time to complete the ceremony (e.g. if the timeout is deemed too short), but FusionAuth will still expire the challenge, preventing the ceremony from being completed. The <InlineField>WebAuthn authentication</InlineField> value is used for both authentication and assertion.

## Troubleshooting

Due to the server- and client-side components of each of the WebAuthn ceremonies and compatibility depending on both the browser and operating system, troubleshooting issues can be difficult. These tips may help you when issues come up.

### Browser Compatibility

WebAuthn is now supported across a variety of web browsers, but if you experience issues, it's worth checking whether your browser is [compatible](https://caniuse.com/webauthn). Be sure to check the notes section for limitations based on specific authenticators or operating systems and evaluate whether you may be experiencing one of those limitations.

### Secure Context

WebAuthn can only be used in [secure contexts](https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-secure-contexts/#secure-contexts). Briefly, this means that the browser must have a valid TLS connection for the current page. If WebAuthn is called from an `iframe`, then both the `iframe` and the embedding page must be secured.

### Relying Party Id

A WebAuthn passkey is scoped to a specific relying party Id at the time it is created. Passkeys cannot be used with a different relying party Id than they were registered, and there are restrictions on allowed relying party Ids during a WebAuthn ceremony based on the browser request origin's effective domain.

If the relying party Id for a tenant is changed because of a configuration change or a domain change, passkeys registered prior to the change will no longer work. See the [Relying Party Id](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/webauthn#relying-party-id) section in the WebAuthn Admin Guide for more detail on constraints and configuration options.

### WebAuthn JavaScript Binary Format

As mentioned earlier in this guide, certain request and response fields on FusionAuth's [WebAuthn APIs](/docs/apis/webauthn) must be encoded as base64url strings for transport over the network, but the WebAuthn JavaScript API uses JavaScript's `ArrayBuffer` type for these values. See the transform sections in this guide for more information on which fields must be converted.

# SAML v2

import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import SamlIdpLimitations from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_saml-idp-limitations.mdx';
import SamlIdpNote from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml/_saml-idp-note.mdx';
import SamlSpLimitations from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_saml-sp-limitations.mdx';

SAML is an XML based authentication protocol developed and released in 2005. While OpenID Connect is the newest single sign-on solution, many backends and applications still rely solely on SAML. FusionAuth provides both a SAML identity provider interface as well as a SAML service provider interface. If you are unfamiliar with these SAML terms, they are defined as follows:

* Identity provider - the entity that is performing the authentication of a user. Essentially, this is the thing that is providing the login page. Also known as an IdP.
* Service provider - the entity that needs a user to login with an identity provider in order to provide some service. Essentially, this is the app the user wants to use. Also known as an SP.

As a concrete example, you might have an app called `Payroll Zen` that manages your company's payroll. This app requires that employees who have access to use it log in using the credentials stored in your company's Active Directory. `Payroll Zen` is therefore the service provider and Active Directory is the identity provider.

<SamlIdpNote/>

FusionAuth's SAML identity provider uses a sub-OAuth workflow. When a service provider starts a SAML workflow by sending a SAML request to FusionAuth, FusionAuth will forward the browser to the hosted login pages. This is an important concept if you are interested in using FusionAuth's themes to customize the look and feel of your SAML identity provider user interface.

### Single Sign-on and Logout

SAML is widely used to offer Single Sign-on across applications. When enabled, a user can sign in to an IdP such as FusionAuth, and then other correctly configured applications will not require authentication from that same user.

SAML also offers Single Logout, which is the inverse of Single Sign-on. With Single Logout, a user logs out of the IdP and all other applications are notified of the logout and should end the user's session.

<Aside type="version">
  In version 1.61.0, FusionAuth now supports the `ForceAuthn` attribute when present in the Authn request.

  When `ForceAuthn=true` is specified in the Authn request Fusionauth will begin the sub-OAuth workflow with the equivalent OAuth `prompt=login` parameter.

  When using `ForceAuthn=true` it is encouraged that the SAML service provider verify the `AuthnInstant` in the Authn response to ensure authentication was forced.
</Aside>

## Configure FusionAuth as a SAML Identity Provider

In order to configure FusionAuth to act as a SAML identity provider, you need to enable and configure SAML for an Application. When properly configured, FusionAuth, the IdP, will consume Authentication requests from an application, the SP, and, after a user logs in, return proper Authentication responses.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Your application -> SAML</Breadcrumb> to configure this functionality. In the screenshot below, you can see that we are configuring SAML for the Pied Piper application:

![Application SAML v2 Configuration](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/saml/samlv2-application.png)

### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Issuer" required>
    This is the issuer string that the service provider will send in the SAML request to FusionAuth. FusionAuth uses this issuer value to look up this FusionAuth application in order to start the SAML login process.

    The issuer string is used by service providers (e.g. Google, Zendesk, etc.) to identify themselves to FusionAuth's SAML identity provider. Often you cannot set this to a custom value in the service provider and need to read their documentation or test the integration and use the error messages to determine the correct value.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Audience" optional>
    Some service providers, such as Zendesk, require a different audience in the SAML response than the <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField> set above. If you are configuring a service provider that requires a different audience, enter the audience name, otherwise leave it blank.

    If this isn't specified, FusionAuth will set the audience to the same value as the <InlineField>Issuer</InlineField>.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Authorized redirect URLs" required>
    One or more URLs that FusionAuth may redirect to after the user has successfully logged in.

    This is also known as the Assertion Consumer Service URL or ACS.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Logout URL" optional>
    The URL used to perform the `302` redirect as the response from the `/samlv2/logout` endpoint. If this value is omitted, the tenant configured logout URL will be used. See the <InlineField>Logout URL</InlineField> under the <Breadcrumb>Tenant -> Your Tenant -> OAuth</Breadcrumb> tab.

    Usually this is the starting location of the application.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Debug enabled" optional>
    Many service providers are not compliant with the SAML and XML signing specifications. This makes it challenging to get them working with FusionAuth.

    If you are running into integration issues, toggle this setting on and FusionAuth will output debugging information into the Event Log during a SAML login. You can find the event log in <Breadcrumb>System -> Event Log</Breadcrumb>.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Authentication Request

Settings in this section configure SAML request handling.

![Application SAML v2 Authentication Configuration](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/saml/samlv2-application-authentication.png)

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Require signature" optional>
    Enable to require the SAML v2 Service Provider to sign the SAML v2 authentication request. When this is enabled, if a signature is omitted the request will be rejected.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Default verification key" required>
    The default key used to verify the signature if the public key cannot be determined by the KeyInfo element when using POST bindings, or the key used to verify the signature when using HTTP Redirect bindings.

    If a <InlineField>Require signature</InlineField> is not enabled, this field is optional.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Enable login hint" since="1.47.0">
    When enabled, FusionAuth will accept a username or email address as a login hint on a custom HTTP request parameter.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Login hint parameter name" optional defaults="login_hint" since="1.47.0">
    The name of the login hint parameter provided by the service provider on an AuthnRequest. If this parameter is present, its value will be used to pre-populate the username field on the FusionAuth login form.

    For example, suppose <InlineField>Enable login hint</InlineField> is enabled and <InlineField>Login hint parameter name</InlineField> has the value `login_name`. When FusionAuth is set up as an IdP, the SP can send a request which includes the parameter `login_name=richard@example.com`, and FusionAuth will pre-populate richard@example.com into the login form the end user sees.

    Note that this setting names an HTTP query parameter, not an element in the SAML AuthnRequest XML.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Authentication Response

Settings in this section configure how FusionAuth processes the SAML response.

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Signing key" required>
    In order to properly sign the SAML responses, FusionAuth requires a key pair from Key Master. You can either select an existing key here or select the first option to have FusionAuth generate a key pair to use. If no choice is selected, a new key will be automatically created and assigned.

    To add, manage or import your key, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Key Master</Breadcrumb>.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Signature canonicalization method" optional>
    This sets the XML signature canonicalization method that FusionAuth will use when signing the SAML response. This method is also used when FusionAuth creates a message digest in the SAML response.

    This option is usually the first thing to change if a service provider is rejecting the SAML response from FusionAuth. Many service providers are not compliant with the full XML signature specification and require a fixed canonicalization method. Your best bet is to try all four values until a login succeeds.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Signature location" optional>
    Some service providers may require the signature in a specific location. When `Assertion` is selected the signature element will be a child of the assertion. When `Response` is selected the signature will be placed at the top level of the response.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Response populate lambda" optional>
    This specifies a lambda that FusionAuth will invoke prior to sending the SAML response to the service provider. This allows you to write a lambda to populate additional information into the SAML response. In most cases, your lambda will add an `Attribute`, or more than one,
     to the response.

    The complete documentation for this lambda can be found on the [SAML v2 response populate lambda documentation page](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/samlv2-response-populate).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Enable IdP initiated login" optional defaults="false" since="1.41.0">
    When enabled, FusionAuth will be able to initiate a login request to a SAML v2 Service Provider.

    Once enabled, open the View dialog or this application to view the integration URI. You will find this value in the view dialog in the SAML v2 Integration details, and the value will be named <InlineField>Initiate login URL:</InlineField>.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="NameID format" optional defaults="Persistent" since="1.41.0">
    The NameId format to send in the AuthN response to the SAML v2 Service Provider. There are two valid values:

    * Persistent - The `urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:nameid-format:persistent` NameID format will be used.
    * Email - The `urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.1:nameid-format:emailAddress` NameID format will be used.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Logout Request

Settings in this section configure SAML Logout handling. They define how FusionAuth will handle incoming logout requests from a service provider. When Single Logout is enabled, additional settings are available that will be used sign the Logout Request sent to session participants.

![Application SAML v2 Logout Configuration](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/saml/samlv2-application-logout.png)

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Require signature" optional>
    Enable to require the SAML v2 Service Provider to sign the SAML v2 Logout request. When this is enabled, if a signature is omitted the request will be rejected.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Default verification key" required>
    The default key used to verify the signature if the public key cannot be determined by the KeyInfo element when using POST bindings, or the key used to verify the signature when using HTTP Redirect bindings.

    If a <InlineField>Require signature</InlineField> is not enabled, this field is optional.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Logout behavior" optional>
    When set to `All session participants`, each session participant that has <InlineField>Enable single logout</InlineField> set to true will be sent a Logout Request.

    When set to `Only Originator`, no other session participants will be notified when a logout request is sent for this application.

    This configuration is functionally equivalent to the Logout Behavior found in the OAuth2 configuration.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Enable single logout" optional>
    Enable Single Logout behavior. When enabled, this application will receive LogoutRequests from any other application in this tenant receives one.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Logout URL" required>
    The URL which you want to receive the LogoutRequest from FusionAuth.

    If <InlineField>Enable single logout</InlineField> is not enabled, this field is optional.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Signing key" required>
    In order to properly sign the SAML Single Logout responses, FusionAuth requires a key pair from Key Master. You can either select an existing key here or select the first option to have FusionAuth use the authentication response signing key.

    To add, manage or import your key, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Key Master</Breadcrumb>.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Signature canonicalization method" optional>
    This sets the XML signature canonicalization method that FusionAuth will use when signing the SAML Single Logout response.

    This option is usually the first thing to change if a service provider is rejecting the SAML Single Logout response from FusionAuth. Many service providers are not compliant with the full XML signature specification and require a fixed canonicalization method. Your best bet is to try all four values until a logout succeeds.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Logout Response

Settings in this section configure how FusionAuth processes the SAML Logout response.

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Signing key" required>
    In order to properly sign the SAML Logout responses, FusionAuth requires a key pair from Key Master. You can either select an existing key here or select the first option to have FusionAuth use the authentication response signing key.

    To add, manage or import your key, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Key Master</Breadcrumb>.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Signature canonicalization method" optional>
    This sets the XML signature canonicalization method that FusionAuth will use when signing the SAML Logout response.

    This option is usually the first thing to change if a service provider is rejecting the SAML Logout response from FusionAuth. Many service providers are not compliant with the full XML signature specification and require a fixed canonicalization method. Your best bet is to try all four values until a logout succeeds.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Assertion Encryption

Settings in this section configure how FusionAuth encrypts the SAML Assertion response.

![Application SAML v2 Assertion Encryption Configuration](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/saml/samlv2-application-encryption.png)

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Enabled" optional>
    When enabled, assertions in SAML responses will be encrypted.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Encryption algorithm" optional>
    The symmetric key encryption algorithm used to encrypt the SAML assertion.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Key location" optional>
    The location that the encrypted symmetric key information will be placed in the SAML response in relation to the `EncryptedData` element containing the encrypted assertion value.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Key transport algorithm" optional>
    The encryption algorithm used to encrypt the symmetric key for transport in the SAML response.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Digest algorithm" optional>
    The message digest algorithm to use when encrypting the symmetric key for transport.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Mask generation function" optional>
    The mask generation function and hash function to use for the Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding when encrypting a symmetric key for transport. This configuration is only available when <InlineField>Key transport algorithm</InlineField> is set to `RSA OAEP with MGF1`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Key transport encryption certificate" optional>
    The RSA certificate from Key Master that will be used to encrypt the SAML assertion encryption symmetric key for transport.

    This field is required when SAML assertion encryption is enabled.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


### Endpoints

Once you have configured the SAML identity provider for an application, you will need to copy and paste a number of URLs to the service provider or send the metadata XML file to the service provider. The URLs for all of these items can be found by clicking on the view icon from the application list page.

![View icon on the Application listing page](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/saml/applications-list-view.png)

Once you click the view icon, the dialog will pop up. Under the heading **SAML v2 Integration details**, you will see all of the SAML endpoint URLs that the service provider will need. These include the login URL, logout URL and metadata URL. If the service provider needs a metadata XML file, you can copy and paste the metadata URL from this dialog into a new browser tab and then save the contents of that webpage into a new file named `metadata.xml`. Some browsers will force the name of the file to be `metadata.xhtml` and you will have to rename it before sending it to the service provider.

Here is what the view dialog looks like and the SAML information you will need:

![View dialog on the Application listing page](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/saml/applications-list-view-dialog.png)

## SAML v2 IdP Initiated RelayState

Since version `1.55.1`, FusionAuth supports an opaque value in the `RelayState` parameter on a request to begin an IdP-initiated SAML v2 login workflow. An opaque `RelayState` value will be passed unmodified to the SAML v2 Service Provider on the request to the Assertion Consumer Service (ACS) URL. The `RelayState` parameter and ACS URL resolution function as follows:
- If the `RelayState` value matches a configured <InlineField>Authorized redirect URLs</InlineField> value, that value is used as the ACS URL for the current workflow. The `RelayState` parameter will not be included on the request to the ACS URL.
- If the `RelayState` value does not match a configured <InlineField>Authorized redirect URLs</InlineField> value, the `RelayState` parameter will be treated as an opaque value and included unmodified on the request to the ACS URL. ACS URL resolution continues as follows:
  - If a `redirect_uri` parameter was provided on the IdP-initiated login request, it _must_ match a configured <InlineField>Authorized redirect URLs</InlineField> value, or the request will result in an error. Otherwise, the matched value will be used as the ACS URL for the workflow.
  - If no `redirect_uri` parameter was provided on the request, the first configured <InlineField>Authorized redirect URLs</InlineField> value will be used as the ACS URL for the workflow.

In FusionAuth versions _before_ `1.55.1` the `RelayState` parameter is only used for ACS URL resolution. If provided on the request, it must match a configured <InlineField>Authorized redirect URLs</InlineField> value, or the request will result in an error. No `RelayState` value is passed to the ACS URL.

## Attributes

FusionAuth provides a number of attributes as part of its SAML response. These attributes include standard ones from specifications and others that are more industry de facto standards because many service providers require them. Here's the list of the attributes FusionAuth returns and the property of the user object they are pulled from:

* `id` pulled from `user.id`
* `http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/dateofbirth` pulled from `user.birthDate`
* `birth_date` pulled from `user.birthDate`
* `date_of_birth` pulled from `user.birthDate`
* `http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/emailaddress` pulled from `user.email`
* `email` pulled from `user.email`
* `http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/givenname` pulled from `user.firstName`
* `first_name` pulled from `user.firstName`
* `http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/name` pulled from `user.fullName`
* `name` pulled from `user.fullName`
* `full_name` pulled from `user.fullName`
* `http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/surname` pulled from `user.lastName`
* `last_name` pulled from `user.lastName`
* `http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/mobilephone` pulled from `user.mobilePhone`
* `mobile_phone` pulled from `user.mobilePhone`

Of course, you can modify, delete, or add any attributes you want by configuring a [SAML v2 response populate lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/samlv2-response-populate) for the application.

## Limitations

### IdP Limitations

<SamlIdpLimitations/>

### SP Limitations

<SamlSpLimitations/>

# Setting Up User Account Lockout

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

If a user tries to authenticate multiple times and fails, you may want to prevent them from trying further. Typically you'd do so after a certain number of failures. Configuring this can help prevent brute force attacks, which is where attackers attempt to figure out your users' passwords by guessing repeatedly.

If you're concerned about breached passwords compromising your systems, you may also be interested in [Reactor, which can detect breached passwords on user login](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/licensing).

To accomplish this rules based account lockout, you need to take two steps:

1. Create a user action representing the account lock behavior
2. Configure tenant settings defining when to apply the lock and the duration of the lock

<Aside type="note">
If you are interested in rate limiting other actions, such as forgot password requests or two-factor messages, you can use [advanced threat detection](/docs/operate/secure/advanced-threat-detection) to do so.
</Aside>

### Creating the User Action

The first step is to create a user action, under <Breadcrumb>Settings -> User Actions</Breadcrumb>. Give it a name of "Account Lock". Check the <InlineField>Time-based</InlineField> and <InlineField>Prevent login</InlineField> checkboxes.

![Setting up the account lockout user action](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/account-lock-user-action.png)

There are other configuration options available, including localization and user notification options; check out the [User Action APIs](/docs/apis/user-actions) for more information.

### Tenant Configuration

Next, configure your tenant, under <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Default</Breadcrumb>. Then navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Password</Breadcrumb> tab. Under the <InlineUIElement>Failed authentication settings</InlineUIElement> section, change the <InlineField>User action</InlineField> to your newly created user action, `Account Lock`.

You can configure the number of failed attempts which will trigger the lockout, the time period during which the allotted failures must take place, and the duration of the lockout.

For example, the below settings will allow five failed attempts in sixty seconds. Once the fifth attempt fails, the account will be locked for three minutes. However, each additional failed attempt restarts the three minute lockout.

![Configuring user account lockout settings](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/account-lock-tenant-settings.png)

### What Happens When The Account is Locked

When a user account has been locked by this mechanism, they'll be able to sign in after the duration has elapsed. All login paths will be locked. This user will not be able to log in using the FusionAuth login pages, and any login API access will return a 4xx error, as specified in the [Login API docs](/docs/apis/login).

This is what a user will see if the standard FusionAuth OAuth theme is used:

![What the user sees when they try to log in to a locked account](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/account-lock-user-view.png)

Since this is a temporary action, the user details screen in the administration user interface will not display a red lock. That is reserved for locks not applied by the user action rules, such as by users that have been [soft deleted](/docs/apis/users#delete-a-user).

An administrator can manually remove or extend this lock. You can also modify the action applied to a user by using the [Actioning Users API](/docs/apis/actioning-users). Administrators can see the action under the user's "Current actions" tab.

![What an admin sees when viewing a locked out user's account](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/account-lock-admin-view.png)

### Webhooks

If you are interested in analytics around the number of lockout actions that are taken, you may want to listen for these [webhooks](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/) and ingest the data into a reporting tool.

* `user.action` which will fire when the defined action starts and ends.
* `user.login.failed` which will fire when a user login attempt fails

# Implementing Single Sign-on

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import BootstrappingSSO from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/_bootstrapping-sso.mdx'
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import LogoutBehaviorAllApplications from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_logout-behavior-all-applications.mdx';
import SessionsExpiration from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/_sessions-expiration.mdx';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';

This guide will walk you through setting up single sign-on (SSO) between two web applications using FusionAuth as their common authentication and authorization server. You will use the hosted login pages for your login form.

These are the applications you'll build:

* Pied Piper
* Hooli

At the end of this guide, both applications will be running. You can then log in to Pied Piper. Then if you visit Hooli, you will be automatically signed in to that second application. If you sign out from either of them, you'll be signed out from both.

This pattern scales to any number of applications, and can include commercial off the shelf apps. If you have a suite of applications, you can provide a seamless single sign-on experience for all your users.

<Aside type="note">
This guide illustrates a single sign-on scenario where FusionAuth is the system of record for your users.

If, instead, another datastore is your system of record, check out the [Identity Providers](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/) documentation, which allows users to authenticate with third party login. This includes both social sign-on providers like Google as well as providers implementing standards such as OIDC.
</Aside>

## Concepts

It's worth spending a bit of time to discuss sessions. Sessions are how servers know they've seen the client, usually a browser, before. They are usually implemented with cookies, but the actual technologies used don't matter. In the SSO scenario, the following sessions exist:

* FusionAuth's session, also known as the single sign-on session
* The Pied Piper application's session
* The Hooli application's session

If a session doesn't exist for a given application, or expected values aren't present in it, then the session must be created or updated after the user has presented valid credentials. For FusionAuth, the credentials are a username and password, but for the other applications, the credential is a valid FusionAuth token.

## Request Flow Diagrams

Here's the flow of a single sign-on login request.

```mermaid title="Single sign-on request flow during login."
sequenceDiagram
    participant Browser
    participant pp as Pied Piper
    participant FusionAuth
    participant h as Hooli
    Browser ->> pp : View Home Page
    pp ->> pp : Check Session Existence
    pp ->> Browser : Redirect to FusionAuth Because There is No Valid Session
    Browser ->> FusionAuth : Request Login Page
    FusionAuth ->> FusionAuth : Check FA Session Existence
    FusionAuth ->> Browser : Send Login Page
    Browser ->> FusionAuth : Send Credentials
    FusionAuth ->> Browser : Redirects to Pied Piper
    Browser ->> pp : Requests Home Page
    pp ->> Browser : Sends Home Page
    Browser ->> h : Requests Home Page
    h ->> h : Check Session Existence
    h ->> Browser : Redirect to FusionAuth Because There is No Valid Session
    Browser ->> FusionAuth : Request Login Page
    FusionAuth ->> FusionAuth : Check FA Session Existence
    FusionAuth ->> Browser : Redirects to Home Page
    Browser ->> h : Requests Application Page
    h ->> Browser : Sends Application Page
```

Here's the flow of the corresponding logout request:

```mermaid title="Single sign-on request flow during logout."
sequenceDiagram
    participant Browser
    participant pp as Pied Piper
    participant FusionAuth
    participant h as Hooli
    Browser ->> pp : View Home Page
    Browser ->> pp : Click Logout
    pp ->> pp : Destroy Local Session
    pp ->> Browser : Redirect to FusionAuth
    Browser ->> FusionAuth : Request Logout
    FusionAuth ->> FusionAuth : Destroy FusionAuth Session
    FusionAuth ->> h : GET Request to Logout URL
    h ->> h : Destroy Local Session
    FusionAuth ->> Browser : Redirect to Pied Piper Configured Logout URL
    Browser ->> pp : Request Login URL
    pp ->> Browser : Redirect to Login URL
```

Above, note that FusionAuth automatically logs the user out of the Hooli application after the user chooses to log out of the Pied Piper application. The user does not have to log out of multiple applications. The logout URLs will be called for each application in this tenant, allowing you to transparently sign the user out of three, five or ten web applications. However, you can disable this setting too.

## Prerequisites

To walk through this guide, you will need to have FusionAuth and Node installed. For FusionAuth installation instructions, please visit [the 5 minute setup guide](/docs/get-started/start-here/step-1).

## Set Up The Domains

In order to properly exercise single sign-on, applications need to live on different domains, or at least different paths. If you, for instance, set up two Node applications at `localhost:3000` and `localhost:3001`, browser sessions won't be separated and the SSO functionality won't work as intended. Cookies typically don't differ based on ports, so you'll see confusing behavior.

You can, however, easily set up two local domains. Edit your hosts file; on macOS, this file lives at `/etc/hosts`. Look for a line starting with `127.0.0.1`, which is the address of your computer.

Add the following text to that line:

```ini title="Additions to the /etc/hosts file"
 hooli.local piedpiper.local
```

You want it to look something like this after editing:

```ini title="The modified localhost line in /etc/hosts file"
127.0.0.1       localhost hooli.local piedpiper.local
```

Later, when you have the code running, you can type `http://piedpiper.local:3000` or `http://hooli.local:3001` into your browser's address bar and the local Node application will serve the request.

## Configure The Applications In FusionAuth

Next, create and configure the applications in FusionAuth. This guide uses the Admin UI, though you can also do this using the API.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> and create two new applications. Configure the following for each application:

* <InlineField>Name</InlineField>
* <InlineField>Authorized redirect URL</InlineField>
* <InlineField>Logout URL</InlineField>

The <InlineField>Name</InlineField> is used for display purposes.

The <InlineField>Authorized redirect URL</InlineField> lists all the valid redirect URLs that the application is capable of handling. In this case there is only one per application, but if you want your user to be sent to different landing pages based on where they signed in or some other parameter, you can add more.

<InlineField>Logout URL</InlineField> is where the user is sent if they log out from this application. It is also a URL requested by FusionAuth if you have multi-application logout enabled. The value of <InlineField>Logout behavior</InlineField> controls this. The default value of `All applications` means that when a user signs out of one FusionAuth application in a tenant, they are automatically signed out of all of them.

For the Pied Piper application, the configuration values will be:

* <InlineField>Name</InlineField>: Pied Piper
* <InlineField>Authorized redirect URL</InlineField>: `http://piedpiper.local:3000/oauth-redirect`
* <InlineField>Logout URL</InlineField>: `http://piedpiper.local:3000/endsession`

For the Hooli application, the values will be:

* <InlineField>Name</InlineField>: Hooli
* <InlineField>Authorized redirect URL</InlineField>: `http://hooli.local:3001/oauth-redirect`
* <InlineField>Logout URL</InlineField>: `http://hooli.local:3001/endsession`

All of these will be configured on the <Breadcrumb>OAuth</Breadcrumb> tab.

Here's what the Pied Piper application might look like when properly configured:

![Example of configured application.](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/add-application-docs.png)

Click <InlineUIElement>Save</InlineUIElement> for each application.

View each application by clicking the green magnifying glass when looking at the list of applications and note the `Client Id` and `Client Secret` values:

![Looking up the Client Id and Client Secret values.](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/application-config-docs.png)

## Set Up The User

You'll need to make sure that a FusionAuth user is registered for both applications you created. You can use the default user created when installing FusionAuth or any other user. Here's an example of what the user details of a user registered for both the Pied Piper and Hooli applications will look like:

![Registering a user for both applications.](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/user-registration-docs.png)

## Set Up The Code

Next, set up the code. Both of the applications in this guide are written in Node, but the logic will be the same no matter the language. This [code is available on GitHub](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-node-sso), feel free to clone the repository.

Set up two Node applications, one for Pied Piper and one for Hooli. In this guide, the applications are very similar, so let's create the Pied Piper application first. Once this is running, you can copy most of the code for the Hooli application.

First off, make a `pied-piper` directory and change into it.

```shell script title="Creating Pied Piper directory"
mkdir pied-piper && cd pied-piper
```

### Required packages

Set up your needed packages. Here's what the `package.json` file should look like:

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/pied-piper/package.json"}
  lang="javascript"
  title="package.json" />

Go ahead and install the needed modules:

```shell script title="Installing needed modules"
npm install
```

### The Express Server

This guide uses express for each application and the [typescript client](/docs/sdks/typescript) for interactions with the FusionAuth API. Create an `app.js` file; this is what will be executed when the server starts.

This is a pretty standard express application which uses pug and sessions. It reads routes from files in the `routes` directory and views from the `views` directory.

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/pied-piper/app.js"}
  lang="javascript"
  title="app.js" />

The session length for this application is 60 seconds; the `maxAge` value is in milliseconds. When the node application's session expires, it will redirect the end user to FusionAuth. If the single sign-on session has not expired, the user will be transparently redirected back. If it has expired, the user must re-authenticate.

### The `www` script

The next step is to create a script which starts up express. Place the contents of this file in `bin/www`.

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/pied-piper/bin/www"}
  lang="javascript"
  title="bin/www" />

This script is what running `npm start` actually executes.

This code isn't that interesting with regards to single sign-on but is included for completeness.

It looks for a port from the environment or uses `3000` as the default. It also registers some error handling code. Then it starts up a server listening on that port, based on configuration from `app.js`.'

### The .env File

Here's the `.env` file, which should be placed at `.env`:

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/pied-piper/.env"}
  lang="properties"
  title="The .env File" />

This contains configuration settings such as the Client Id and Client Secret. Make sure to update it with the correct values you've copied in the [Configure The Applications In FusionAuth](#configure-the-applications-in-fusionauth) section.

Next, build out the `indexRouter` code referenced from the `app.js` file above.

### The Index Route

Here's the entire `index.js` file, which should be placed at `routes/index.js`:

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/pied-piper/routes/index.js"}
  lang="javascript"
  title="routes/index.js" />

This code handles a number of paths. Let's look at the code in more detail.

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/pied-piper/routes/index.js"}
  tags="constants"
  lang="javascript"
  title="Constants section" />

The top of the `index.js` file has configuration values and some needed constants.

The `clientId` and `clientSecret` are the values noted in the administrative user interface when you created the application in FusionAuth. The `fusionAuthURL` value needs to match your FusionAuth location, typically `http://localhost:9011`. If the FusionAuth server is running at a different hostname, update that.

The first argument to the FusionAuth client creation is `noapikeyneeded` because the client interactions this application performs do not require an API key. If you extend these applications to update user data or make other privileged API calls, you'll need to change that value to a [real API key](/docs/apis/authentication#managing-api-keys).

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/pied-piper/routes/index.js"}
  tags="homepageroute"
  lang="javascript"
  title="Home page route" />

In this SSO implementation, users can't view the homepage if they aren't signed in. This is a design choice you can make. The code checks for the presence of a user in the session and if it isn't present, the user is redirected to the FusionAuth login page.

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/pied-piper/routes/index.js"}
  tags="loginpageroute"
  lang="javascript"
  title="Login page route" />

This page is available to users who are not logged in. For this guide, the only information on this page is a login link, but for a real application you'd probably want to entice the user to register or log in.

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/pied-piper/routes/index.js"}
  tags="logoutpageroute"
  lang="javascript"
  title="Logout page route" />

This route removes the user object from the session and then redirects to the FusionAuth logout URL.

Recall that there are three sessions present in this system: the FusionAuth session and one for each application. This route invalidates the local node application's session and then sends the browser to FusionAuth's logout URL, which will invalidate both the FusionAuth session and all other Node application sessions.

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/pied-piper/routes/index.js"}
  tags="endsessionroute"
  lang="javascript"
  title="End session route" />

This route is what FusionAuth requests when a user logs out from any other application in this tenant. If a user is in the Hooli application and logs out, they will be signed out from the Pied Piper application as well. You configured this endpoint in the FusionAuth application details; FusionAuth is responsible for calling this endpoint. This is a separate endpoint from the `/logout` endpoint because in this request, the browser needs to end up on a page accessible to unauthenticated users, but in the `/logout` case, the user needs to be sent to FusionAuth.

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/pied-piper/routes/index.js"}
  tags="oauthredirectroute"
  lang="javascript"
  title="OAuth redirect route" />

This route is responsible for catching the authorization code request from FusionAuth after the user has signed in. It retrieves an access token and from that gathers the user data. This code ensures that the user is registered for this application, and then places the user data in the session.

Implementation of features that might cause a user to want to log in are left as an exercise for the reader.

### Views

Next, create the views. Each of these live in the `views` subdirectory. First, the layout view, which looks like this:

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/pied-piper/views/layout.pug"}
  lang="pug"
  title="Layout view" />

The content is displayed using the `block content` directive. Above it is a menu which lets users switch between both applications.

Next, the login view:

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/pied-piper/views/login.pug"}
  lang="pug"
  title="Login view" />

This is where you'd put information about your application for unauthorized users.

Then, create the index view:

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/pied-piper/views/index.pug"}
  lang="pug"
  title="Index view" />

This welcomes the user by name. If you were building a more complicated application, this is where you would put functionality that required a user to be authenticated..

There is some CSS in this application too; the CSS is available in the GitHub repository, but won't be covered here.

### Start It Up

Start the Pied Piper application on port 3000 after you've built the above files.

```shell script title="Starting up the Pied Piper application"
PORT=3000 npm start
```

Next, create the sibling Hooli application.

### Hooli application

In real life, these applications would have different functionality. For this guide, they are going to be similar. The only changes you need to make for the Hooli application are:

* Put the same files in a directory called `hooli`.
* Change `index.js` constants to use the Hooli values for the title (to 'Hooli'), hostname (`hooli.local`), port (`3001`), and the Client Id and Client Secret (from the admin UI application screen).
* Change the layout so that the menu links to the Pied Piper application. Make sure to include the port.

<RemoteCode
  url={frontmatter.codeRoot + "/hooli/views/layout.pug"}
  lang="pug"
  title="Index view" />

* Start the application on the port `3001`. Use a different terminal window so that you can have both Node applications running at once.

```shell script title="Starting up the Hooli application"
PORT=3001 npm start
```

And that's it. You've just created a second application. Congrats!

## Test The Results

Here's how you can test the work you've just done:

* Visit `http://piedpiper.local:3000`. You'll be redirected to the FusionAuth login screen.
* Check <InlineUIElement>Keep Me Signed In</InlineUIElement>
* Log in.  You'll be greeted with a welcome message by the Pied Piper app.
* Click on the 'Hooli' link and you'll be automatically signed in to that application.

Here's a demo video of the single sign-on process from the end user perspective:

<YouTube id="KxxLLoS74Ks" />

### Caveat

If you are testing these applications with a modern browser, logout won't work due to browser quirks when you are running over `http`. However, if you set up TLS and change the redirects to happen over `https`, then logout works.

## Other Scenarios

In this guide users who click on the Hooli link are automatically logged in. This is appropriate for most applications. However, if you have an application but can't customize the login process to check a session value and redirect if it doesn't exist, you can still use SSO.

Instead of redirecting the user when there's value is missing in such an application, display the FusionAuth login URL with the appropriate redirect parameter. The user will not be automatically signed in, but when they click on the login link, they will be sent to FusionAuth. FusionAuth will recognize the user as being signed in and redirect them back without requiring credentials.

### COTS applications

If you are looking to integrate with a commercial off the shelf or open source software package, FusionAuth can act as a SAML identity provider or an OIDC OpenID Provider. For example, FusionAuth can act as an IdP for Zendesk, as shown in this video:

<YouTube id="QYuTOD8wjZU" />

Please see the [SAML IdP](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/saml) and [OIDC documentation](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/) or the single sign-on documentation for the application you're looking to integrate with for more.

### Bootstrapping SSO

<BootstrappingSSO />

## Additional Configuration

### Session Expiration

<SessionsExpiration />

### Logout Behavior

The default behavior is to log a user out of all applications when they log out of one. If you want to only log the user out of the application where the user made the logout request, you can do that.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Your Application -> OAuth</Breadcrumb> and configure <InlineField>Logout behavior</InlineField> to have the value `Redirect Only`.

![Configuring the logout behavior for an application.](/img/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/application-config-logout-behavior-docs.png)

## Limitations

<LogoutBehaviorAllApplications />

## Additional Resources

* You can view the [example application's codebase](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-node-sso).
* The [Tenant API](/docs/apis/tenants) can be used to manage single sign-on related configuration.
* This guide uses the hosted login pages.
* The [Logout and Sessions Guide](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/logout-session-management) has more information about session management options beyond using the built in SSO session.

# Lifecycle

import PageNavCard from '/src/components/PageNavCard.astro';

There's a lifecycle for CIAM users: 

1. Users must get into your identity store somehow. You can [migrate them to the new system](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users) if they exist elsewhere, you can create them via APIs or federation, or they must [self-register](/docs/lifecycle/register-users).
1. After users are in the CIAM system, they need to [authenticate, log in or sign in](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users) (these all mean the same thing). This includes all manner of authentication methods:
   * passwordless options such as passkeys and magic links
   * Identity Providers such as Google or Facebook
   * SAML and OIDC federation
   * and more
1. User profile data also needs to be [managed over time](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users). Functionality for this part of the lifecycle includes forms used by customer service reps, self-service account/profile management, searching to extract user data in bulk, and verifying users.
1. Finally, users are sometimes de-provisioned. In FusionAuth this is done by locking user accounts by [deactivating or deleting users](/docs/apis/users#delete-a-user).

The documentation in this section explain FusionAuth's functionality and how it can help with each of these parts of the lifecycle:

## Register

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
  <PageNavCard href="/docs/lifecycle/register-users" title="Register Users"/>
</div>


## Authenticate

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
  <PageNavCard href="/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers" title="Identity Providers"/>
  <PageNavCard href="/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth" title="OAuth"/>
  <PageNavCard href="/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless" title="Passwordless"/>
  <PageNavCard href="/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/login-api" title="Login API"/>
  <PageNavCard href="/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/single-sign-on" title="Single Sign-On"/>
  <PageNavCard href="/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/application-authentication-tokens" title="Application Authentication Tokens"/>
  <PageNavCard href="/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/saml" title="SAML"/>
  <PageNavCard href="/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/multi-factor-authentication" title="Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)"/>
  <PageNavCard href="/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/contextual-multi-factor" title="Contextual Multi-Factor"/>
  <PageNavCard href="/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/logout-session-management" title="Logout & Session Management"/>
  <PageNavCard href="/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/setting-up-user-account-lockout" title="Setting Up User Account Lockout"/>
</div>

### Integrations

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
  <PageNavCard href="/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/oidc" title="OpenID Connect Integration"/>
  <PageNavCard href="/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/integrations/saml" title="SAML Integration"/>
</div>

## Manage

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
  <PageNavCard href="/docs/lifecycle/manage-users" title="Manage Users"/>
</div>

## Migrate

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
  <PageNavCard href="/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users" title="Migrate Users"/>
</div>

# Add WebAuthn Passkey

import LicensedPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_licensed-plan-blurb.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

<LicensedPlanBlurb version="1.52.0" />

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.41.0`
</Aside>

WebAuthn is disabled by default on a tenant. To toggle navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Edit Tenant -> WebAuthn</Breadcrumb>. In order for the user to use the registered passkey, at least one WebAuthn workflow must be enabled for the tenant.

### Enable WebAuthn on Tenant (Admin Facing)

WebAuthn is disabled by default at the tenant level. It can be toggled on and off as needed.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/enable-webauthn-tenant.png" alt="Enable WebAuthn on Tenant" width="1200" />

In order for a user to use a passkey, one or more WebAuthn workflows must be enabled at the tenant or application level. See the [WebAuthn Admin Guide](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/webauthn) for more details on configuration.

### Add a Passkey from Account Management (User Facing)

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/account-management-index-crop.png" alt="Account Management Index"  width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />

1. Navigate back to your <Breadcrumb>account page</Breadcrumb>
2. Click <InlineUIElement>Manage passkeys</InlineUIElement>
3. Click <InlineUIElement>Add passkey</InlineUIElement>

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/webauthn-home-crop.png" alt="WebAuthn Index"  width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />
<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/webauthn-add-passkey-crop.png" alt="WebAuthn Add Passkey"  width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />

Next,

1. Enter a display name for the new passkey. You should choose something that helps you remember the authenticator and browser it was registered.
2. Click the <InlineUIElement>Submit</InlineUIElement> button.
3. Complete the WebAuthn registration with your authenticator of choice.

### See It in Action (User Facing)

You can use a registered passkey to complete enabled WebAuthn workflows. This example uses the bootstrap authentication workflow by clicking the <InlineUIElement>Fingerprint, device or key</InlineUIElement> button on the login screen.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/bootstrap-button.png" alt="Bootstrap Login Button"  width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />

1. Click the <InlineUIElement>Fingerprint, device or key</InlineUIElement> button to go to the WebAuthn bootstrap login page.
2. Enter your username or email address.
3. Click the <InlineUIElement>Submit</InlineUIElement> button.
4. Complete the WebAuthn authentication with the registered passkey.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/bootstrap-login.png" alt="WebAuthn Bootstrap Login"  width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />
<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/bootstrap-prompt.png" alt="WebAuthn Bootstrap Prompt"  width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

# Bootstrapping Login For Self-Service Account Management

import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.45.0`
</Aside>

In some scenarios you may want to allow users to access the self-service account management pages when it is impractical to use a normal login flow. One such scenario is with native mobile applications where the user is logged in to FusionAuth and the application is in possession of the access token. The following procedure will allow you to access these pages without requiring the user to log in again.

### Opening the Self-Service Account Pages With an Access Token

In order to access the self-service account management pages in this manner you will need to meet the following criteria:

* The user is logged in to FusionAuth
* The external application is in possession of the FusionAuth access token JWT
* The external application can open a browser window or webview and include an Authorization header

If the above criteria are met, you can open a webview or browser window from the external application and make a `GET` request to the account self-service page that includes the access token JWT as a Bearer token in the Authorization header. You must also include the client Id of the application.

```shell title="Example HTTP Request with header"
GET /account/?client_id=<your_client_id> HTTP/1.1
Authorization: Bearer <your_access_token>
```

<Aside type="note">
Because you are only passing in an access token and the webview has no session state the interactions with the self-service account management pages will only succeed as long as the access token is valid and not expired. You may need to refresh the token prior to opening the self-service account management page or adjust the JWT lifespan to accommodate.
</Aside>

# Customizing Self-Service Account Management

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import Icon from 'src/components/icon/Icon.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.26.0`
</Aside>

FusionAuth ships with a default template for each Account Management page. However, you are not limited to the default form fields or to the default theme for that matter. You might want to customize the form fields managed by the end user to allow them to be able to update their favorite color or other attributes on the profile screen. You may want to customize the look and feel of the account management screen so it looks like the rest of your application.

Below we will walk you through updating account management forms and theme templates.

### Add a Form Field (Admin Facing)

<Aside type="note">
Forms allow you to collect any data you want. More information can be found in our [Advanced Registration Forms](/docs/lifecycle/register-users/advanced-registration-forms) page.
</Aside>

Below we are going to extend the usefulness of our account management page by adding a birthday field to the <InlineUIElement>User Self Service Form</InlineUIElement>.

To change a form:

1. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Forms</Breadcrumb>
2. Click the <Icon name="edit" /> button on <InlineUIElement>Default User Self Service provided by FusionAuth</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/forms-home-self-serve-crop.png" alt="Form Home"  width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />

#### Edit Form (Admin Facing)

In this example, we are going to add a `birthDate` field on our account management self service form.

<Aside type="note">
Even though we are adding `birthDate` below, FusionAuth forms allow custom form fields as needed.  You could for instance, do a `user.data.favColor` if needed.
</Aside>

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/edit-default-account-form.png" alt="Form Home"  width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />

Remember, you can move each field around with up and down arrows

#### Adding a birthDate (Admin Facing)

To add a `birthDate`, click <InlineUIElement>Add field</InlineUIElement>

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/add-field-popup-birthdate.png" alt="Form Home"  width="600"  role="bottom-cropped top-cropped box-shadow" />

Select `Birthdate` and click submit. Now we have a custom form available on our self-service account management page.  Please note we are using a built-in field, but FusionAuth lets you define any number of custom fields. More information can be found in our [Advanced Registration Forms](/docs/lifecycle/register-users/advanced-registration-forms) page.

### See It in Action - Forms (User Facing)

Take the following steps to see the changes:

- Navigate to your account management page.
- Login as a user of this application.
- Click on the edit icon in the top right.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/account-form-with-birthday-crop.png" alt="Form Edits with Birthdate"  width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />

<Icon name="trophy" /> Success! Now we have an editable `birthDate` field.

This is a simple example, but with FusionAuth forms, you can extend this account management form to meet most business requirements.

With FusionAuth forms you can achieve more complex workflows such as:

- Creating multi-step registration forms (for instance) by adding `sections`.
- Specifying if a field is required or optional.
- Making certain forms editable by an admin user, but not by a 'regular' user.

Below, we will show you how to make this editable `birthDate` field show up on the account management home screen.

### Update Your Theme and Template (Admin Facing)

<Aside type="note">
For more information on themes please reference the documentation found [here](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/).
For more information on custom forms please reference documentation found [here](/feature/user-registration)
</Aside>

What if we want to update the template (and text contained within) of our account page? Adjusting this is simple:

1. Make a copy of the default theme by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Themes -> Duplicate</Breadcrumb>. You can also start from scratch if you'd like.
2. Click on the <Icon name="edit" /> button of the new theme.

With self service account management, there are several templates that are used:

* Account edit
* Account index
* Account two-factor disable
* Account two-factor enable
* Account two-factor index
* Account add WebAuthn passkey (available in version 1.41.0 and later)
* Account delete WebAuthn passkey (available in version 1.41.0 and later)
* Account WebAuthn index (available in version 1.41.0 and later)

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/account-management-forms-home.png" alt="Account Management Themes"  width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />

### Update the Account Two Factor Index Template (Admin Facing)

Let's update the Account Management index page with a `birthDate` field.

Click on the <InlineUIElement>Account index</InlineUIElement> FreeMarker template. For this example, I have added simple text to the template. Obviously in a real-world scenario your changes may be more complex.

Changes include
```html
<p>This is now modified with a birthdate field</p>
<dl class="horizontal">
<dt>${theme.message("user.birthDate")}</dt>
<dd>${helpers.display(user, "birthDate")}</dd>
</dl>
```

You can only use the `helpers.display` function to display top level user attributes such as `birthDate`. If you are trying to display user attributes stored in the `user.data` field, use Freemarker to display the field, like so: `${user.data.favColor}`. You can use [Freemarker built-in functions](https://freemarker.apache.org/docs/ref_builtins.html) to handle defaults or format the data.

### See It in Action - Account Home (User Facing)

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/account-management-with-birth-crop.png" alt="Account Management Edit Screen"  width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />

<Icon name="trophy" /> Success!  We now have an updated `self service account management index` page.

# Self-Service Account Management

import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import Icon from 'src/components/icon/Icon.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import AccountLogout from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/_account-logout.mdx';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.26.0`
</Aside>

FusionAuth self-service account management allows users to manage their accounts, including the ability to add Multi-factor Authentication (MFA).  This documentation section covers:

* [Update User Data & Password](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/updating-user-data)
* [Add Two Factor Method - Authenticator](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/two-factor-authenticator)
* [Add Two Factor Method - Email](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/two-factor-email)
* [Add Two Factor Method- SMS](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/two-factor-sms)
* [Add WebAuthn Passkey](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/add-webauthn)
* [Customizing Account Management](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/customizing-account-management)
* [Troubleshooting](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/troubleshooting)

Here's a brief video showing account management functionality.

<YouTube id="_HJ4yymXYrs" />

### A Note About User Images in this Documentation

Throughout this self service account management section we will use:

Richard Hendricks for any `user` facing actions. Imagine Richard is a user on your site, trying to enable MFA for his account, or update his profile data.

![User Profile Image Richard](/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/richard-hendricks-small-profile.png)

Erlich Bachman for any `admin` facing actions. Imagine Erlich is you or a customer service rep at your company.

![User Profile Image Erlich](/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/erlich-bachman-small-profile.png)

## Finding the Self Service Page

To view the account and self service pages, login as an admin and navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> and click on the <Icon name="fa-search" /> icon to view the application details.

From here copy and paste the account URL into a browser. Use a different browser than the one you are using to access the FusionAuth administrative user interface, or use your browser in incognito mode.

In a real world application this link would be part of the navigation for your application.

![Home Screen](/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/applications-home.png)

### Account Home

Before accessing the account you will be asked to log in. Make sure the user you log in with is registered for this application.

![Login Screen](/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/account-login.png)

### Update User Data and Password

FusionAuth Self Service Account Management allows users to easily update their user data and passwords.  To adjust user profile data, click on the edit icon in the upper corner.  From there a user will be presented with editable fields for user data and their password. 

More information about updating user data and passwords can be found in the [Updating User Data and Password](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/updating-user-data) section.

![Self Service Edit Data and Password](/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/user-self-serve-edit-password-crop.png)

### Enable or Disable MFA as a User

![Account Home](/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/account-management-index-crop.png)

From click on <InlineField>Manage Two Factor</InlineField>

On this screen you can add Two Factor methods.

![Account Home](/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/2fa-home-account-crop.png)

FusionAuth supports the following types of MFA:

- Authenticator
- SMS
- Email

If you are not seeing this screen, you may need additional configuration.
Please see [troubleshooting](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/troubleshooting) steps.

You can click on the links below for more about setting up each MFA method.

- [Add Two Factor Method - Authenticator](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/two-factor-authenticator)
- [Add Two Factor Method - Email](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/two-factor-email)
- [Add Two Factor Method - SMS](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/two-factor-sms)

### Recovery Codes

Please note that once an authenticator is enabled, users will be displayed recovery codes similar to what is shown below. 

Please encourage your users to save these in a secure location, as they can be used to recover an account, should one of their second factors fail to be available. For example, if an email or sms service is "down" and users still want to use your application, or if a user loses their phone, a recovery code allows access.

![Recovery Codes](/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/mfa-recovery-codes-crop.png)

## Logout

<AccountLogout />

# Troubleshooting

import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import AccountManagementTroubleshooting from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/_account-management-troubleshooting.mdx';

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.26.0`
</Aside>

<AccountManagementTroubleshooting />

# Add Authenticator as a second factor

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import Icon from 'src/components/icon/Icon.astro';
import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.26.0`
</Aside>

The Authenticator method is enabled by default on every tenant. To toggle please navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Edit Tenant -> Multi-Factor</Breadcrumb>. The authenticator method is also referred to as Google Authenticator or Time-Based One-Time Password (TOTP).

### Enable MFA method on Tenant (Admin Facing)

The authenticator factor is enabled by default at the tenant level.  It can be toggled on and off as needed.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/toggle-authenticator-tenant.png" alt="Toggle Authenticator On Tenant"  width="1200" />

### Enable Authenticator Factor from Account Management (User Facing)

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/account-management-index-crop.png" alt="Account Management Index"  width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />

1. Navigate back to your account page.
2. Click <InlineUIElement>Manage two-factor</InlineUIElement>
3. Click <InlineUIElement>Add two-factor</InlineUIElement>
4. There will be an option for an `Authenticator app`.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/add-factors-home-crop.png" alt="Add Factors"  width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />
<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/authenticator-add-account.png" alt="Authenticator Add Account"  width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />

Next,

1. Scan the QR code with your favorite authenticator application such as Google Authenticator or Authy.
2. Enter the code given.
3. Click the <InlineUIElement>Enable</InlineUIElement> button.

### Recovery Codes (User Facing)

Now you will be presented with recovery codes. Save these in a safe space.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/mfa-recovery-codes-crop.png" alt="Recovery Codes"  width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />

<Icon name="trophy" /> Success!

Upon the next login, you will be prompted for a code displayed by the Authenticator App in addition to your password.

### See It in Action (User Facing)

With the Authenticator method enabled, if you log out and log back in you will be presented with the following screen in addition to the typical login screen.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/auth-challenge-account-screen-crop.png" alt="Challenge Account Management"  width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />

# Add Email as a second factor

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import Icon from 'src/components/icon/Icon.astro';
import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.26.0`
</Aside>

Email two factor is not enabled by default. Configure your tenant by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Edit Tenant -> Multi-Factor</Breadcrumb>.

### Enable MFA method on Tenant (Admin Facing)

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/enable-email-tenant.png" alt="Configure Tenant Email"  width="1200" />

You can enable SMS MFA on the tenant level by following these steps:

- Toggle this MFA method by clicking `enabled`
- Select a two factor authentication template (FusionAuth ships with a default to be customized if needed)

### Enable Email Factor from Account Management (User Facing)

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/account-management-index-crop.png" alt="Account Management Index"  width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />

1. Navigate back to your account page.
2. Click <InlineUIElement>Manage two-factor</InlineUIElement>
3. Click <InlineUIElement>Add two-factor</InlineUIElement>
4. There will be an option for Email.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/add-factors-home-crop.png" alt="Add Factors"  width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />
<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/email-configure-cropped.png" alt="Add Email 2FA"  width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />

Next,

1. Enter your email address.
2. Click on  `Send a one-time-code`
3. Enter the `Verification Code`
4. Click <InlineUIElement>Enable</InlineUIElement>.

### Recovery Codes (User Facing)

Now you will be presented with recovery codes. Save these in a safe space.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/mfa-recovery-codes-crop.png" alt="Recovery Codes"  width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />

<Icon name="trophy" /> Success!

Upon the next login, you will be prompted for an emailed code in addition to your password.

### See It in Action (User Facing)

With email MFA enabled, if you log out and log back in you will be presented with the following screen in addition to the typical login screen.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/auth-challenge-account-screen-crop.png" alt="Challenge Account Management"  width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />

# Add SMS as a second factor

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import Icon from 'src/components/icon/Icon.astro';
import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.26.0`
</Aside>

SMS two factor is not enabled by default. Configure your tenant by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Edit Tenant -> Multi-Factor</Breadcrumb>.

### Enable MFA method on Tenant (Admin Facing)

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/enable-sms-tenant.png" alt="Configure Tenant SMS"  width="1200" />

You can enable the SMS factor on the tenant level by following these steps:

- Toggle this Two Factor method by clicking `enabled`
- Select a `messenger` (previously created, see [documentation](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/))
- Select a `template` (FusionAuth ships with a default to be customized if needed)

### Enable SMS Factor from Account Management (User Facing)

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/account-management-index-crop.png" alt="Account Management Index"  width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />

1. Navigate back to your account page.
2. Click <InlineUIElement>Manage two-factor</InlineUIElement>
3. Click <InlineUIElement>Add two-factor</InlineUIElement>
4. There will be an option for SMS.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/add-factors-home-crop.png" alt="Add Factors"  width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />
<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/sms-configure-cropped.png" alt="Add SMS Authenticator"  width="1200" />

Next,

1. Enter your phone number.
2. Click on  `Send a one-time-code`.
3. Enter the `Verification Code` 
4. Click <InlineUIElement>Enable</InlineUIElement>.

### Recovery Codes (User Facing)

Now you will be presented with recovery codes. Save these in a safe space.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/mfa-recovery-codes-crop.png" alt="Recovery Codes"  width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />

<Icon name="trophy" /> Success!

Upon the next login, you will be prompted for a code sent by SMS code in addition to your password.

### See It in Action (User Facing)

With SMS MFA enabled, if you log out and log back in you will be presented with the following screen in addition to the typical login screen.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/auth-challenge-account-screen-crop.png" alt="Challenge Account Management"  width="1200" />

# Update User Profiles and Passwords

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import Icon from 'src/components/icon/Icon.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

<Aside type="version">
Available since `1.26.0`
</Aside>

FusionAuth Self Service Registration Forms allows users to update most of their own data from a hosted page.  Below we will document two common tasks users - updating passwords and other user data fields.

### User Profile Data (User Facing)

To edit your profile data, navigate to the account self service home and click on the edit icon in the top right.

![Self Serve home](/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/account-management-index-crop.png)

Once on the account self service edit screen your information (user object) can be updated directly.

![Self Serve Edit](/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/user-self-serve-edit-crop.png)

Any changes here will be saved to your user in FusionAuth.

### Update User Password (User Facing)

To edit profile data (including the password) on the user, navigate to account self service home and click on the edit icon in the top right.

![Self Serve home](/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/account-management-index-crop.png)

To update your password, toggle <InlineField>`Change password`</InlineField> and you will be presented with a password entry and confirmation field.

If a current password is required, you'll need to enter your existing password.

Enter a new password, password confirmation, and finally click <InlineUIElement>Submit</InlineUIElement>.

<Icon name="trophy" /> Success!  That's it.  You have now successfully updated your password.

![User Edit Password](/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/user-self-serve-edit-password-crop.png)

# Custom Admin Forms

import AdminCustomFormLimitations from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/_custom-admin-form-limitations.mdx';
import AdminUserForm from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_admin-user-form.mdx';
import AdminUserRegistrationForm from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_admin-user-registration-form.mdx';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';

With custom admin forms, you can modify the administrative user interface (admin UI) and customize your view of Users or Registrations. While FusionAuth ships with usable admin UI forms, if you have user or registration fields that are unique to your use case or business, this feature may be useful to you.

This can be useful if there are custom data fields that you want to let users of the admin UI edit, while applying validation rules. With this feature, you are changing the way user data can be edited, not the way it is viewed in the admin UI.

These fields are like any other custom data fields and [can be searched](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search/user-search-with-elasticsearch) in the same way.

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

### The User Form

<AdminUserForm />

### The Registration Form

<AdminUserRegistrationForm />

## Example

Suppose you needed to capture two additional fields for your application:

* a user's favorite color 
* a user's desired background color on a specific application

If you want these fields to be editable in the admin UI so that customer service reps could update the colors when the user called in. (You can also make these fields editable by the end user, see [Update User Profiles and Passwords](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/updating-user-data) for more.)

You can create two custom form fields called `user.data.favoriteColor` and `registration.data.backgroundColor`. Then you create a new user form and add the `favoriteColor` field to it.

You'd also create a new registration form and add the `backgroundColor` field to it. 

You'd also need to update the theme's messages file as mentioned above in order to have the correct form labels. If you do not, the keys of the fields will be used as the labels.

Finally, you'd update the tenant settings to use the new user form, and the application to use the new registration form. 

### Results

Here's the admin user form after you've added the `user.data.favoriteColor` field. 

![Admin User Form after adding a custom field.](/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/custom-admin-forms/custom-user-form.png)

Here's the admin registration form after you've added the `user.data.favoriteColor` field. 

![Admin Registration Form after adding a custom field.](/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/custom-admin-forms/custom-registration-form.png)

Here's an example of a user who has had both custom fields updated. The <Breadcrumb>User data</Breadcrumb> tab will display custom data. 


![User details view after their custom fields have been updated.](/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/custom-admin-forms/display-custom-data.png)

The layout and labels of the custom data can't be modified.

## View Only Admin User Data Access

Custom admin forms are useful for allowing users with access to the admin UI to edit profile data. If you only want to allow the user to view profile data, you can give them the [appropriate FusionAuth admin UI role](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/roles#fusionauth-admin-ui-roles), typically `user_support_viewer`.

They can then navigate to <Breadcrumb>Users -> The User</Breadcrumb> and then to the <Breadcrumb>User data</Breadcrumb> tab.

## Access Paths

You can have multiple types of custom data fields. You can have fields that are editable in:

* the admin UI, appropriate for fields that should only be edited by admin users
* the self-service account management UI, appropriate for fields that can be edited by end users
* neither, appropriate for fields that are used by software systems

You can always edit custom data fields directly using the [User API](/docs/apis/users) or [Registration API](/docs/apis/registrations). Or, if you prefer not to make raw HTTP API calls, a [client library](/docs/sdks) with an appropriate API key.

## Difference Between User And Registration Fields

You have two options for storing custom data:

* The `user.data` field
* The `registration.data` field

How can you choose between these? Users exist independent of any other entity, though they are contained within a Tenant, and that Registrations join Users with Applications. Therefore, if a field is part of a User, it should be stored in `user.data`. If, on the other hand, the field only makes sense in the context of a User and an Application, then use the `registration.data` field.

Examples of fields that should be stored on the user:

* Unchanging or slowly changing attributes like the user's shoe size or favorite color
* Identifiers tying the user to other systems
* Cross-application preferences like timezone

Examples of fields that should be stored on the registration:

* Application preferences such as background color or profile header image
* User controllable attributes related to a single application such as a nick or friends list
* Application data such as the last access date or last file opened

## Limitations

<AdminCustomFormLimitations />

# CleanSpeak Integration

import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

[CleanSpeak](https://cleanspeak.com/) is an industry leading profanity and moderation platform. To utilize the CleanSpeak integration you'll need the URL of your CleanSpeak API and a valid API key.

Enabling the CleanSpeak integration provides username filtering for new Users and username modifications to existing Users. This integration allows you to prevent profanity from showing up in your application by way of username.

In the following example, the username `shithead` is not allowed to be entered when the CleanSpeak integration has been enabled.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/filtered-username.png" alt="Filtered Username" width="1200" role="shadowed" />

## Configuration

The CleanSpeak integration may be enabled using the [Integrations](/docs/apis/integrations) API or through the FusionAuth UI by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Integrations -> CleanSpeak</Breadcrumb>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/integration-cleanspeak.png" alt="CleanSpeak Configuration" width="1200" role="shadowed" />

# Search

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReIndexingElasticsearch from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_re-indexing-elasticsearch.mdx';
import PaginatingSearchResults from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_paginating-search-results.mdx';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

FusionAuth ships with two options for search: a simple search via the database search engine and the Elasticsearch search engine.

## Configuration

<Aside type="version">

As of version `1.16.0`, FusionAuth ships with a database search engine as the default.

By selecting the appropriate [installation guide](/docs/get-started/download-and-install), one can easily create a configuration with Elasticsearch pre-enabled.

</Aside>

### Configuration Reference

The relevant properties which control the configuration of the search engine include `search.type` which specifies the search engine type.

For the database search engine, there is no other configuration needed.

All other settings referencing `search` apply to the Elasticsearch search engine only. Please see the [Configuration Reference](/docs/reference/configuration) for more details.

#### Switch Engine Types

FusionAuth supports two different search engines. If you begin with one, you can change to the other if your needs change. 

This tutorial walks through how to [switch between the different search engines](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search/switch-search-engines).

#### Docker
If you are running FusionAuth in a Docker environment, see the [Using FusionAuth on Docker](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/docker) documentation for an example configuring Elasticsearch as the user search engine.


#### View Current Configuration

You may view the configured search engine type in the FusionAuth admin UI by navigating to <Breadcrumb>System -> About</Breadcrumb>.  As you can see below, this system is configured to use the database search engine.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search/about-search-engine-type.png" alt="About - Search Engine Type" width="1200" role="shadowed top-cropped" />

## Using the Database Search Engine

This configuration is lightweight, simplifies installation and system complexity, but comes with the trade offs of limited search capabilities and performance implications.

The database search engine is appropriate for systems that are not dependent on the FusionAuth APIs, are not expected to have a large number of search results, or are running in an embedded environment.

If you don't need advanced searching capabilities, you may be able to use the database search engine for large installations. This is not a use case FusionAuth tests, so ensure you provision your database with enough resources and benchmark your typical use cases.

### Limitations

You may add a `*` character to wildcard match any character, including none. So `*piedpiper` will match `piedpiper` and `thepiedpiper`. You may put the wildcard at any location in a search string.

All search terms are converted to lowercase and compared with lowercase values.  In other words, all database searches are case-insensitive.

Regular expressions, ranges, and other complicated queries can not be used.

## Using the Elasticsearch Search Engine

Leveraging Elasticsearch enables advanced search capabilities on more numerous and granular data. It also provides a performance improvement.

The Elasticsearch search engine is appropriate for systems that are dependent on the FusionAuth APIs (such as [user search](/docs/apis/users#search-for-users)), are expected to have a large number of results, or require more granularity in search than is provided by the standard database search engine.

### Reindexing Elasticsearch

<ReIndexingElasticsearch />

## Pagination

<PaginatingSearchResults />

Note that prior to version 1.48.0 you'll only be able to get back 10,000 results no matter how you paginate. See the [Known Limitations](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/limitations#user-searches) section for more and some workarounds.

As of version 1.48.0, FusionAuth you can use a <InlineField>nextResults</InlineField> token to page past the 10,000 results limitation when using the Elasticsearch engine.

See the [Extended Pagination](#extended-pagination) section for more details.

### Extended Pagination

<Aside type="version">
Available since 1.48.0
</Aside>

Starting in version 1.48.0 of FusionAuth every search using the Elasticsearch engine will return a <InlineField>nextResults</InlineField> token in the response. You may use this token on subsequent calls to continue paging forward in the result set and go past the 10,000 results limit with Elasticsearch. Every search request made using a <InlineField>nextResults</InlineField> token will return a page of results and another <InlineField>nextResults</InlineField> token that can be used to retrieve the next page. These calls can be made indefinitely until the number of returned results is 0.

Internally FusionAuth uses this token to make a `search_after` parameter on the request to Elasticsearch. See [the Elasticsearch documentation](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.17/paginate-search-results.html) for more information.

<Aside type="note">
Because this call relies on the parameters of a previous search request, you cannot supply new parameters in a search request with a <InlineField>nextResults</InlineField> token which would change the query to Elasticsearch.

As such, when using a <InlineField>nextResults</InlineField> token in a search request you may only supply the <InlineField>numberOfResults</InlineField> as an additional request parameter.
</Aside>

For more detail on extended pagination see the [Searching Users With Elasticsearch](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search/user-search-with-elasticsearch) guide.

# Switching Search Engines

import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import DataFieldDataTypeChanges from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_data-field-data-type-changes.mdx';

This page explains how to change your FusionAuth search engine. You could simplify your deployment strategy with the database search engine. Or perhaps you need the advanced searching options of Elasticsearch after your application has grown.

FusionAuth supports the following search engine types:

* `database`
* `elasticsearch` (for Elasticsearch or OpenSearch)

They have different [strengths and limitations](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/users#user-search).

## Prerequisites

This tutorial assumes you are running version `1.16.0` or greater.

If you aren't, head on over to the [installation guide](/docs/get-started/download-and-install) or the [upgrade guide](/docs/operate/deploy/upgrade).

Because there are a variety of ways to run FusionAuth, this guide won't document how to start or stop your FusionAuth instance. Please consult the installation specific documentation for instructions on how to start or stop it.

## Overview

To switch the search engine, you need to do the following:

* Stop FusionAuth
* Modify the FusionAuth configuration
* Start FusionAuth
* Reindex (if switching from the database search engine to Elasticsearch)

FusionAuth can be configured in a number of ways, outlined in the [Configuration Reference](/docs/reference/configuration), including environment variables and the `fusionauth.properties` file. This tutorial modifies the `fusionauth.properties` file, but adapting the instructions to your configuration method should be straight forward.

## From Elasticsearch to Database

The first step is to stop FusionAuth.

Locate your FusionAuth configuration file named `fusionauth.properties`. This is usually located at `/usr/local/fusionauth/config/fusionauth.properties` unless you installed via Fast Path, in which case it is located in your service root.

Add or update the `fusionauth-app.search-engine-type` key to have the value `database`. 
```
fusionauth-app.search-engine-type=database
```

Optionally, comment out or remove any properties prefixed with `fusionauth-search.` as well as the `fusionauth-app.search-servers` property. If not removed, these will be ignored.

Restart the FusionAuth application.

### Verify the change

Log into the FusionAuth admin UI. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>System -> About</Breadcrumb> and look at the `System` panel. This will show the new value for your search engine: `Database`.

You can also navigate to <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb> and search for a user by email address or first name to confirm that you can search.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search/database-user-search.png" alt="User search with the database search engine" width="1200" role="shadowed" />

## From Database to Elasticsearch

If you already have FusionAuth running, but need to install the search service, [here are instructions to do so](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/search).

Once you have Elasticsearch running, the next step is to stop FusionAuth.

Locate your FusionAuth configuration file named `fusionauth.properties`. This is usually located at `/usr/local/fusionauth/config/fusionauth.properties` unless you installed via Fast Path, in which case it is located in your service root.

Uncomment or add the `fusionauth-app.search-servers` property. Set it to point to your Elasticsearch servers. For example:

```
fusionauth-app.search-servers=http://localhost:9021
```

In addition, add or update the `fusionauth-app.search-engine-type` property to have the value `elasticsearch`.

```
fusionauth-app.search-engine-type=elasticsearch
```

Finally, add or uncomment and update any properties prefixed by `fusionauth-search` needed for your installation. These are all documented in the [Configuration Reference](/docs/reference/configuration).

Restart the FusionAuth application.

### Verify the change and reindex

Log in to the FusionAuth admin UI. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>System -> About</Breadcrumb> and look at the `System` panel. This will show the new value for your search engine: `Elasticsearch`.

You'll also want to reindex by navigating to <Breadcrumb>System -> Reindex</Breadcrumb>. This will initialize the search index and synchronize it with your database. Reindexing may take some time, depending on the number of users you have and the amount of custom data to be indexed.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search/reindex-elastic-search.png" alt="Reindexing the Elasticsearch database" width="1200" role="shadowed" />

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb> and search for a user by email address, first name or other attribute to confirm that the search engine is working. You'll also notice that the advanced search form elements are also present.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search/elastic-user-search.png" alt="Searching for a user in a specific application with the elasticsearch search engine" width="1200" role="shadowed" />

## Limitations

<DataFieldDataTypeChanges />

# Searching Users With Elasticsearch or OpenSearch

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import DataFieldDataTypeChanges from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_data-field-data-type-changes.mdx';
import ElasticsearchVersion from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_elasticsearch-version.mdx';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import PaginatingSearchResults from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_paginating-search-results.mdx';
import ReIndexingElasticsearch from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_re-indexing-elasticsearch.mdx';
import SearchPreprocessingWarning from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_search-preprocessing-warning.mdx';
import TroubleshootingElasticsearchQueries from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search/_troubleshooting-elasticsearch-queries.mdx';
import UserSearchLimits from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_user-search-limits.mdx';
import UserSearchLimitsWorkarounds from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_user-search-limits-workarounds.mdx';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';

You can search users in FusionAuth to see how many there are, what they are doing, and more. This document will walk you through how to use FusionAuth's powerful search capabilities to retrieve such user data.

<Aside type="note">
While this document references Elasticsearch, the same functionality is available if you use a [supported version of OpenSearch](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/reference/system-requirements#elasticsearch).
</Aside>

Most of this document applies to searching [Entities](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/entity-management), which also leverage the Elasticsearch engine.

Examples are in curl, but you may also use any of the [supported client libraries](/docs/sdks/) to run user searches in your favorite development language.

## What Type of Engine

This document discusses the Elasticsearch search engine.

You can determine which search engine FusionAuth is using. It will either be the `database` search engine or the `elasticsearch` search engine.

To do so, in the administrative user interface, navigate to <Breadcrumb>System -> About</Breadcrumb> and scroll to the <Breadcrumb>System</Breadcrumb> section and you will see the configured search engine, as well as the version of Elasticsearch, if available. Below, it is `Elasticsearch 7.17.0`.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search/confirm-search-engine.png" alt="Determine the search engine." role="top-cropped" width="1200" />

If you are using the database search engine, you'll want to [consult the database search engine documentation](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/users#database-search-engine) for more information. 

* Learn more about [each type of search engine](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search).
* Learn more about [switching search engines](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search/switch-search-engines).

## An Introduction To The Elasticsearch Search Engine

With any search, you can make either a `POST` or a `GET` request. The functionality is exactly the same, but a `POST` request can be larger. On the other hand, a `GET` request is easily shared. Pick what works for you. However, this document uses `POST` requests.

### Four Types of Searches

There are three parameters for a search, and they are mutually exclusive.

*Search Type Summary*

| Parameter     | Uses Elasticsearch | Best For                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
|---------------|--------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `ids`         | No                 | When you know the exact Ids of users you are trying to retrieve. You may have stored the id off in some other datastore, or be responding to a webhook.                                                                                                                                                        |
| `queryString` | Yes                | When you are searching on one field or want to search across multiple fields for strings.                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| `query`       | Yes                | Useful to leverage the full power of Elasticsearch queries and need to look across different fields, including nested values, and/or use compound or complex search parameters such as ranges.                                                                                                                 |
| `nextResults` | Yes                | Allows you to continue paging forward in the results set after an initial `query` or `queryString` query. Useful for paging past the 10,000 results limit in Elasticsearch. See [Limitations](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/limitations#user-searches) for more information. Available since version 1.48.0. |

#### Ids Searches

`ids` searches are useful when you know exactly which users you want to retrieve. This is the only search which is guaranteed to only query the database, never Elasticsearch.

#### QueryString Searches

The `queryString` search is a case-insensitive match. Whitespace is allowed in the search, but must be URL escaped; for example, using `%20` for a space character. Elasticsearch compatible regular expressions may be used, so you may search by prefix or suffix using the `*` wildcard. You may also search particular fields by prefixing the query with a field name, such as `email:`.

There is some pre-processing done on the `queryString` before it is passed to Elasticsearch. If the `queryString` parameter has a `:` it will be passed as-is. Otherwise, if it has no spaces and contains a `@` it is assumed to be an email address and will be passed with a prefix: `email:`. Otherwise, if it has no spaces it will have the wildcard `*` prepended and appended.

<SearchPreprocessingWarning/>

<Aside type="note">
The above pre-processing occurs if you are interacting directly with the API. The FusionAuth administrative user interface does additional pre-processing and so results may differ.
</Aside>


You may use `AND` and `OR` clauses in this parameter to construct compound queries.

#### Query Searches

The `query` parameter search requires an escaped JSON string which is passed to Elasticsearch and therefore must be a valid Elasticsearch query. With a `query` search, you have the full power of the Elasticsearch query language.

#### Next Results Searches

<Aside type="version">
Available since 1.48.0
</Aside>

You may perform a `nextResults` search after receiving a `nextResults` token in the response from an initial `query` or `queryString` query when using the Elasticsearch engine.

The token contains encoded information about the prior query and the previously returned results and if provided will return a set of results that immediately follow the results from the previous response in the ordered query.

This is roughly equivalent to performing a normal paginated request using `startRow`. For example if you submitted a search quest with a `startRow` of `0` and a `numberOfResults` of `25` and then supplied the same query with a `startRow` of `25` and `numberOfResults` of `25` you should expect to receive the same users in the response as if you supplied a query with a `startRow` of `0` and a `numberOfResults` of `25` and then use the `nextResults` token with a `numberOfResults` of `25` in the next request.

Where this differs is the ability to continue paging through large result sets. Elasticsearch has a limitation that prevents a search from paging past 10,000 results. The `nextResults` token will internally perform a `search_after` query in Elasticsearch which can bypass that limitation. You can find more info in the [Elasticsearch Documentation](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.17/paginate-search-results.html).


### Field Mappings

For both `queryString` and `query` searches, you may search against specific fields. Here are [the available fields for matching](/docs/reference/user-fields).

Fields of the user object are indexed, as are the following relationships, which are available using the `nested` query type.

* `memberships` - group memberships for this user
* `registrations` - application registrations for this user

Learn more about [the nested query type](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.17/query-dsl-nested-query.html).

## Results Of a User Search

The results of any search have the same format. There is a `total` object with the number of results and a `users` array containing user objects.

<JSON title="Sample Results From a Search" src="users/users-search-response.json" />

## User Search Examples

Below are examples of searches you can run. All examples are available to be run locally by downloading [this GitHub repository](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-user-search) and following the instructions in the README.

Each example uses the below shell script to run the search. Feel free to download it, update your API key and base FusionAuth URL, and experiment. The script uses the `POST` method so that the request body can be large. The value of the filename passed to the script changes each time, but everything else is the same. 

<RemoteCode title="search.sh: An Example Shell Script For Searching" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-user-search/main/examples/search.sh" />

## Searching By User Ids

Here's an example of an `ids` query.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-user-search/main/examples/ids/ids-request.json" />

This file is the first argument for the `search.sh` shell script. Here's how you'd run the query if the above JSON is in the `ids-request.json` file.

```shell title="Running The Example Shell Script"
./search.sh ids-request.json
```

## Searching With `queryString`

Let's look at some examples of `queryString` searches.

### All Fields

Below, you are searching for `dinesh`, across all fields, and wildcards are prepended and appended.

<RemoteCode title="Example Request JSON For Searching Across All Indexed Fields With queryString" 
            url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-user-search/main/examples/queryString/all-fields-data-request.json" />

Here's how you'd run it if the above JSON is in `all-fields-data-request.json`.

```shell title="Running The Example Shell Script"
./search.sh all-fields-data-request.json
```

### Email

Below, only the `email` field is searched for the string `dinesh`, because `email:` is specified.

<RemoteCode title="Example Request JSON For Searching By Emails With queryString"
            url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-user-search/main/examples/queryString/email-data-request.json" />

If you change the value from `email:dinesh*` to `email:dinesh` this query will return 0 results, because there is no user with that email and no wildcarding is done. If, instead, you change the value to `email:dinesh@fusionauth.io` this query will return the user.

### Multiple Fields

Finally, below, the `email` field matches the string `dinesh` and the `verified` field is `false`. These are joined together with an `OR` clause which returns the user if either clause is true, but you can also use `AND` for the intersection.

<RemoteCode title="Example Request JSON For Searching By Emails And The Verified Field"
            url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-user-search/main/examples/queryString/email-verified-data-request.json" />

Learn more about making [queryString queries in the Elasticsearch documentation](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.17/query-dsl-query-string-query.html).

### Phone Number

<AvailableSince since="1.59.0"/>

Below, only the `phoneNumber` field is searched for because `phoneNumber:` is specified. The query matches phone numbers with any country code and starting with the `303` area code.

<JSON title="Example Request JSON For Searching By Phone Number With queryString"
      src="users/search-queryString-phoneNumber-example-elastic-request.json" />

## Searching With `query`

The `query` parameter is the most powerful way to search. The `query` parameter is an escaped Elasticsearch query which is passed through to the corresponding Elasticsearch server. Let's walk through some examples.

### Searching On One Field

First, build the Elasticsearch query. Below is a query matching all users with a `user.data.Company` attribute of `PiedPiper`. 

<Aside type="note">
The FusionAuth `user.data` field can hold arbitrary JSON and is useful if your users have customer data fields.

There is a similar `.data` field on many FusionAuth objects, though not all of them are indexed and searchable.
</Aside>

The key is case sensitive, so searching on `user.data.company` will return zero results. However, the value is case insensitive. Searching for values of `PiedPiper`, `piedpiper` and `PIEDPIPER` will return the same number of results.

<RemoteCode title="Example Elasticsearch Query JSON Searching the Company User Attribute"
            url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-user-search/main/examples/query/user-data-simple.json" />

Next, escape any JSON characters in the string. This is a major difference when using the `query` method when compared to the `queryString` method. Because you can use the full Elasticsearch query language with the `query` method, but FusionAuth's APIs also expect JSON, you must escape the Elasticsearch query JSON.

One option to escape the JSON is to use [`jq`](https://stedolan.github.io/jq/). If the Elasticsearch query above is in `queryfile`, escape it using the below command. (You may ignore or remove the newlines indicated by `\n`; they'll be ignored by Elasticsearch.)

```shell title="Escaping Elasticsearch Query String using jq"
cat queryfile | jq -R -s '.' 
```

That command outputs this string.

<RemoteCode title="Example Escaped Elasticsearch Query JSON For Searching the Company User Attribute"
            url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-user-search/main/examples/query/user-data-simple-escaped.json" />

Next, add that string as the `query` parameter to a request.

<RemoteCode title="Example Request JSON For Searching By the Company User Attribute Emails With queryString"
            url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-user-search/main/examples/query/user-data-simple-request.json" />

Then, run the query using the `search.sh` script. Here's how you'd run it if the above JSON is in `user-data-simple-request.json`.

```shell title="Running The Example Shell Script"
./search.sh user-data-simple-request.json
```

### Searching On Multiple Fields

You can also perform advanced searches, including with multiple clauses, nested queries and numeric ranges. Let's take a closer look at a more complex query.

First, here's the query.

<RemoteCode title="Example Elasticsearch Complex Query JSON"
            url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-user-search/main/examples/query/user-data-complex.json" />

With this query, you are searching for users who meet the following criteria.

* A salary of less than 100000.
* Pied Piper employment.
* A verified email address.
* Registered for a particular application in your system. The `registrations` object is nested.
* For that particular application, having a `paid` attribute of `false`.

This is quite specific. In addition to matching a value in the `user.data` field like the first example, you are searching ranges, checking standard user attributes such as `verified`, finding users who have registered for a given application, and examining application specific fields.

<Aside type="note">
With the `query` search method, if you can write the Elasticsearch query, you can find your users.
</Aside>

After creating the query, escape JSON characters in the query string. You can use `jq` to do the escaping. If the Elasticsearch query above is in `queryfile`, you can escape it using this command.

```shell title="Escaping Elasticsearch Query String using jq"
cat queryfile | jq -R -s '.' 
```

That will display this escaped string:

<RemoteCode title="Example Escaped Elasticsearch Complex Query JSON"
            url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-user-search/main/examples/query/user-data-complex-escaped.json" />

The next step is to add that string as the `query` parameter to a request.

<RemoteCode title="Example Request JSON For a Complex Query"
            url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-user-search/main/examples/query/user-data-complex-request.json" />

Run the query using the `search.sh` script. Here's how you'd run it if the above JSON is in `user-data-complex-request.json`.

```shell title="Running The Example Shell Script"
./search.sh user-data-complex-request.json
```

You'll get back any users that match all the criteria.

## Pagination

<PaginatingSearchResults />

Note that prior to version 1.48.0 you'll only be able to get back 10,000 results no matter how you paginate. See the [Limitations](#limitations) section for workarounds.

### Extended Pagination

<Aside type="version">
Available since 1.48.0
</Aside>

Suppose you ran the following search query because you wanted to find all of your users. Note the use of `accurateTotal` to see the true number of available users.

<JSON title="Search Query To Find All Users" src="users/search-queryString-all-users-elasticsearch-request.json" />

You might get a response back like this:

```json title="Result Of Find All Query"
{
  "nextResults": "eyJscyI6WyIxLjAwMTQ2MTkiLG51bGwsInRlc3R1c2VyOTkwOUBsb2NhbC5jb20iLCJjNmI4ZjQyNC0wOTRjLTQ1MWYtYWMxNS05Y2ZkODI3NTZlNGEiXSwicXMiOiIqIiwic2YiOltdfQ",
  "total": 12009,
  "users": [
    ...
  ]
}
```

If you attempt run a query to find results using a `startRow` greater than 10,000 you will receive an error. To get around this you can use the same query with a `startRow` of 9,975 and a `numberOfResults` of 25. Using those results you can take the `nextResults` token from the response and run the following query:

<JSON title="Next Results Query" src="users/search-nextResults-request.json" />

You will receive a response containing users 10,001 through 10,025. You can then take the `nextResults` token from that response and repeat the request for users 10,026 through 10,050, and continue to repeat as needed to page through the results.

<RemoteCode title="An Example Shell Script For Searching Using Extended Pagination"
            url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-scripts/refs/heads/main/full-user-search/paginatefulluserdownload.sh" />

## Re-indexing

<ReIndexingElasticsearch />

## Supported Versions

<ElasticsearchVersion />

## Troubleshooting Elasticsearch Queries

<TroubleshootingElasticsearchQueries />

## Limitations

<UserSearchLimits />

### Maximum Users Returned Workarounds

<UserSearchLimitsWorkarounds />

### Changing Data Field Types

<DataFieldDataTypeChanges />

## Additional Resources

The [FusionAuth Elasticsearch API documentation](/docs/apis/users#elasticsearch-search-engine) has examples of JSON for various queries, as well as additional supported parameters.

All search examples shown above can be run locally by downloading [this GitHub repository](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-user-search) and following the instructions in the README.

# Tenant Manager App

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import EnterprisePlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_enterprise-plan-blurb.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

<EnterprisePlanBlurb />

<Aside type="version">
Available since `1.58.0`
</Aside>

The Tenant Manager is an application designed for a multi-tenant configuration where you assign a tenant to an individual customer. With it you can allow a customer to manage the users in only their tenant. Although the core FusionAuth application includes a role for managing users, it gives access to all tenants.

## Accessing Tenant Manager

### Granting Users Access to Tenant Manager
The Tenant Manager app is a universal application, and exists in all tenants. Register a user to Tenant Manager to allow them to use it. You must register a user as self-service registration is not available for the Tenant Manager app.
1. Open <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb> and find the desired user
2. Select <InlineUIElement>Manage</InlineUIElement> from the <InlineUIElement>Action</InlineUIElement> menu
3. Open the <InlineUIElement>Registrations</InlineUIElement> tab and click Add a registration
4. Select the Tenant Manager application
5. To enable user administration, select the admin role. Users without this role have read-only access

### Browsing to the Tenant Manager App
The Tenant Manager app is hosted on your FusionAuth instance at 

`/tenant-manager/TENANT_ID`

where `TENANT_ID` is the Id of a user's tenant. Open <Breadcrumb>Tenants</Breadcrumb> to see a list of tenants along with their Ids.

The Tenant Manager app participates in Single Sign-on (SSO), just as any other application.  For a seamless experience, you can link to the app from another application, such as your own Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) app.

## Managing Users

### The Users View
![Users View](/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/tenant-manager/users-view.png)

The <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb> view displays a list of users from the same tenant as the logged-in user. The view is paginated, showing 25 users at one time. Navigation buttons enable moving between pages of users.

Configure the data columns shown in the <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb> view using the <InlineUIElement>Columns</InlineUIElement> button. The chosen setting persists across sessions in the same browser.

### Creating Users
To create a user, navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb> view and click <InlineUIElement>Create</InlineUIElement> Enter the new user account details on the New User view that opens.

The `Basic information` section contains a form for setting user properties.  To customize the properties in the Basic information section:
* Open the FusionAuth Admin application
* Open <Breadcrumb>Customizations > Forms</Breadcrumb> from the left-hand navigation
* Create a new `Admin User` form
* Open <Breadcrumb>Tenants</Breadcrumb> from the left-hand navigation
* Edit your tenant 
* Select your new form in the <Breadcrumb>General > Admin user form</Breadcrumb> setting

Both the FusionAuth admin app and the Tenant Manager app will use your new form for editing users in this tenant.

### Editing Users
To edit a user, open the Users view and click on the desired user. This opens the edit view with the user's information, avatar, and other account information.

![Users View](/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/tenant-manager/edit-view.png)

The fields shown are determined by the the Admin Registration form that is configured in the FusionAuth Admin application. For the steps to edit that form, see Creating Users.

To change a user's password use one of password management user actions. See [Additional Actions](#additional-actions) for more detail.

#### Locking and Unlocking a User
To lock or unlock the current user, click <InlineUIElement>Lock user</InlineUIElement> or <InlineUIElement>Unlock user</InlineUIElement>. A locked user is unable to log in to any application.

#### Additional Actions
The down-arrow next to <InlineUIElement>Lock User</InlineUIElement> opens a menu of additional actions.
* **Change password on next login:** The user is prompted for a new password on their next login
* **Send password change email:** Sends an email that contains a password reset link to the address in user.email or user.data.email. You can use this when a user forgets their password.
* **Delete user:** This will irreversibly delete the user's account, and should be done with caution. Locking a user's account is often a better, non-destructive option.

## Roles and Permissions
The default access to Tenant Manager is read-only unless a user is assigned the `admin` role. Read-only access enables only searching and viewing accounts.

The `admin` role grants a user full permissions in the Tenant Manager app.

Assign a role to a user by managing their Tenant Manager app registration. See [Granting Users Access to Tenant Manager](#granting-users-access-to-tenant-manager) for more information. The following table summarizes the permissions for the roles:

| Action | Standard user | Admin user |
| -- | :--: | :--: |
| List users | Yes | Yes |
| Create user | No | Yes |
| Edit user | No | Yes |
| Delete user | No | Yes |
| Lock / unlock user | No | Yes |
| Force password change on next login| No | Yes |
| Send password change email | No | Yes |
| Delete user| No | Yes |


## Customization
You can customize the fields used in the <Breadcrumb>Create User</Breadcrumb> and <Breadcrumb>Edit User</Breadcrumb> views by using a custom form. By doing this you can specify exactly the information about a user that a Tenant Manager user can edit. See [Creating Users](#creating-users) for more information.

You can also provide names for custom fields in a theme. See [Theme Localization](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/localization) for more information on editing and localizing default messages.

You cannot visually theme the Tenant Manager app at this time.

# How To Use User Actions

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import Icon from 'src/components/icon/Icon.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';

User Actions in FusionAuth are ways to interact with, reward, and discipline users. For example, you could use them to email a user, call another application when a user does something, or temporarily disable a user's login.

This guide refers to User Actions simply as Actions. In the first part, you'll learn about the components of an Action and their sequences of events. In the second part, you'll learn ways to create and apply Actions.

## Part 1: Theory of FusionAuth Actions

## Definitions

Below are the terms you'll encounter when working with Actions.

* **Action** — An Action is a state or event that can be applied to a User. It is reusable for many Users in many Applications. Applying an Action to a specific User is called an Action instance. This is similar to programming, where you have classes (Actions) and objects (Action instances). An Action instance consists of one User applying the Action on another User, the time of the Action, and the name of the Action.

  <Aside type="note">
  Other FusionAuth documentation pages might speak interchangeably about Actions and Action instances. For example, saying "the Action expires" when it is actually the Action instance that expires. The pages call an Action instance "taking an Action" or "applying an Action", which is correct, but very wordy.

  In this guide, the detailed discussion of the two concepts requires distinguishing between them by using the word "instance". Actions and their instances are separate types of objects in FusionAuth, created in separate areas of the admin UI, and in separate APIs.
  </Aside>

* **Actionee** — The User an Action is applied to.
* **Actioner** — The User that applies the Action. Every Action has an Actioner, even if the instance is programmatically created, in which case the Actioner should be set to an administrator of the Application.
* **Reason** — A text description of why an Action is taken. A Reason is not required when you apply an Action, but it's useful for auditing and filtering Actions sent to webhooks.
* **Webhook** — A webhook is an outbound HTTP request or requests bearing a message to an endpoint. A webhook is used to inform an external system of some event and can be triggered by an Action. An example is FusionAuth calling a customer-support service like Intercom to start the customer onboarding process when the user has verified their email in FusionAuth. Another example would be posting a message to a Slack channel whenever a new customer signs up.

  The webhook/API terminology can be confusing. Note that most web applications, including FusionAuth, call a trigger to send data a "Webhook", but when they receive data they call it an "API". So if you're looking for a destination for a FusionAuth webhook in an external system, you won't find it under the webhook documentation; you'll find it under [API documentation](/docs/apis/webhooks). This is why webhooks are sometimes known as "reverse APIs". However, some companies, like Slack in their documentation, also call incoming requests "incoming webhooks".
* **Temporal Actions** — Temporal (or time-based) Actions have a duration. Once a temporal Action expires or is canceled, it will no longer be considered active and will not affect the user. However, you can apply a temporal Action to a user indefinitely by setting a very distant end date. An Action that prevents login must be temporal.

  Unlike an instantaneous Action, a temporal Action may be canceled or modified. An example of an instantaneous Action would be a reward, such as sending a user a discount coupon.
* **Active** — An active Action can be applied to Users. In contrast, an inactive Action cannot be applied to Users. It is viewable in the list of inactive Actions in FusionAuth. An inactive Action can be reactivated if you want to use it again.

  If a temporal Action instance has ended, it is still considered active. Active relates to the Action definition and expiry relates to a particular instance of the Action.
* **Option** — A custom text field that you can add to an instantaneous Action but not to temporal Actions. You can add multiple Options to an Action definition, but choose only one for an instance of the Action. Options can be sent through emails and webhooks.
* **Localization** — A text field with an associated language. It's a way of providing more information to users who speak different languages. Localizations can be added for an Action name, Reason, and Options.
* **Tenant** — You can make an Action available to all Tenants or just a few. 

Below is a visual reminder of the relationships between [Tenants&#44; Groups&#44; and Applications](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/).


![Diagram showing User within FusionAuth Architecture](/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/user-actions/manage-users-how-to-use-user-actions-definitions.png)

## Types of Actions and Their Purpose

There are two main types of Actions: "temporal Actions" and "instantaneous Actions". They are summarized below.

|Type |Purpose |Example of use
| ---- | ---- | ---- |
|Temporal |To apply a state to a user for a period of time. |Subscription access · Expiring software trial · Forum ban
|Instantaneous |To apply a state to a user at a single point in time, recording who did so, optionally with comments. |User surveyed and was happy/indifferent/frustrated · User has earned a sufficient level of trust on your forum and been given an award (possibly increasing their access rights)

You cannot create a temporal Action that also has Options in FusionAuth.

The general process to use an Action is to:

* Create the Action in the FusionAuth admin UI or with the API.
* Optionally, create Reasons for the Action.
* Apply the Action to a User, with an expiry date if appropriate, and with a Reason if you want. You can do this many times, to many users, if needed.

You'll see some detailed examples of this process later in this guide.

<Aside type="note">
The primary purpose of FusionAuth is to simplify authentication (verifying a user's identity) and authorization (giving your app a user's role).

Actions are an additional feature that you might want to use in your app. Think of them as a premade way for you to store extra user-related data in FusionAuth instead of your own database, at a specified time, and notify people or systems if these fields change.

FusionAuth has no built-in support for payments and no automated subscription features, so you need to decide carefully if you want to write the code you need to manage such features in FusionAuth using Actions, in your own app with custom code, or an external system that specializes in handling subscriptions and payments.
</Aside>

### Temporal Actions

Temporal Action instances can be in one of four states. Each state can trigger a webhook or an email to a user.

![Diagram showing four states of Started, Modified, Cancelled, and Ended](/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/user-actions/manage-users-how-to-use-user-actions-temporal-actions.png)

#### Subscription Example

Let's look at a temporal Action example where a user purchases a one-month subscription to a newspaper website that you manage. Assume you have already created a temporal Action named "Subscription" in FusionAuth. Once the user has made their purchase (either on your newspaper site or through some payment gateway), your code will call the [FusionAuth API to apply the Action to the User](/docs/apis/actioning-users#take-an-action-on-a-user) and give the Action instance an end-date one month from now. The user will now have access to the newspaper when they are authenticated on your site with FusionAuth.

On creation, this Action instance will be in the `Started` state shown above. You can set the Action to trigger a welcome email created from a template to be sent to the user and a webhook that sends the user's information to another subscription site you manage. The associated subscription site can then use the email address to advertise to the user or to target advertising to the user, for example, through Facebook adverts.

Once the Action instance expires (the `Ended` event), it can trigger a goodbye email to the user and any webhooks you configure. To prevent the user from accessing your site after this date, you could do one of the following:

* Check the subscription state of the Action for the User in FusionAuth from your site when the user attempts to log in.
* Use a webhook at the end of the Action to change the User's Role in FusionAuth and disallow that role in your site.
* Use a webhook at the end of the Action to call your code to create another temporal Action in FusionAuth with an indefinite end date and <InlineField>preventLogin</InlineField> set to true.

The last option is probably the simplest and most idiomatic way to use FusionAuth in most cases. In fact, using an Action to prevent login is the most common use case for Actions.

### Instantaneous Actions

An instantaneous Action instance has an Option that can be chosen from a list but no temporal states. Once you set the Action for a User, it either remains or is removed.

![Diagram showing added and removed to represent a temporal state.](/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/user-actions/manage-users-how-to-use-user-actions-instantaneous-actions.png)

#### Survey Example

Let's take an instantaneous Action example where a user gives feedback on their interaction with customer support by assigning a rating and giving a comment.

Assume you have already created an instantaneous Action named "Feedback" in FusionAuth, with Options of "Bad", "Neutral", and "Good". Your user chooses "Good" in your feedback form and enters the comment "Problem solved quickly". When the form is saved, your code will call the Action API and create an Action instance for the User with the option "Good", and populate the <InlineField>comment</InlineField> field. The <InlineField>actionee</InlineField> of the instance will be set to the support User who helped the customer.

At any point in the future, you can use the [Actions API](/docs/apis/actioning-users#retrieve-a-previously-taken-action) to retrieve this saved Action instance and create a report of the customer support agent's performance or the approval ratings of your app. You can also use a webhook to immediately send this data to an external system when the Action is created.

## Applying an Action Automatically

In addition to applying an Action using the FusionAuth Actions API, FusionAuth can automatically apply a temporary <InlineField>Prevent Login</InlineField> Action to a User in the case of repeatedly failing authentication. For more information, see this [guide to setting up user account lockout](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/setting-up-user-account-lockout).

## Part 2: A Tutorial Example Using Actions

The remainder of this guide will demonstrate a practical example of using Actions that you can follow. Let's start with a brief tour of the APIs that you'll use in the example.

## The Action APIs

Three separate APIs manage Actions. Each API has its own documentation.

* [Actions](/docs/apis/user-actions) — Defines an Action, updates it, and deletes it. The API path is `/api/user-action`.
* [Action Reasons](/docs/apis/user-action-reasons) — Defines the reason an Action is taken. The API path is `/api/user-action-reason`.
* [Action instances](/docs/apis/actioning-users) — Applies an existing Action to a User, optionally with a Reason. Can also update or cancel the Action instance. The API path is `/api/user/action`.

Actions and Action Reasons can be managed on the FusionAuth admin UI. You can also apply an Action to a User using the <InlineUIElement>Action User</InlineUIElement> option directly on the User in the FusionAuth admin UI. However, you cannot edit an Action instance or see lists of instances without using the API. To action a User, browse to <Breadcrumb>Users -> Manage -> Action User</Breadcrumb>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/action-user.png" alt="Applying an Action on a User in FusionAuth" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />


It is faster to use FusionAuth client libraries rather than make HTTP calls directly. You can read how to use client libraries in the [client library guide](/docs/sdks/) before continuing. This guide uses the TypeScript client library.

The Actions API reference documentation is long and repeats the same parameters for each type of request. For easier understanding, the parameters listed there are grouped and summarized below for each API. Parameters such as Ids and names, whose purpose is obvious from the earlier [definitions](#definitions) section, are not described here.

### Action Parameters

Action parameters are used when you create an Action definition.

* <InlineField>userActionId</InlineField> - The Id of the Action.
* <InlineField>name</InlineField> - The name of the Action.
* <InlineField>localizedNames</InlineField> - The name of the Action in various languages.
* <InlineField>startEmailTemplateId</InlineField>, <InlineField>cancelEmailTemplateId</InlineField>, <InlineField>modifyEmailTemplateId</InlineField>, <InlineField>endEmailTemplateId</InlineField> — The Id of the email templates to use when the Action starts, is canceled, is modified, or expires. Temporal Actions have all four events, whereas instantaneous Actions have only the start event.
* <InlineField>includeEmailInEventJSON</InlineField> — Whether to include the email information in the JSON sent to the webhook when an Action is taken.
* <InlineField>options</InlineField>, <InlineField>options[x].name</InlineField>, <InlineField>options[x].localizedNames</InlineField>
* <InlineField>preventLogin</InlineField> — User may not log in if true until the Action expires.
* <InlineField>sendEndEvent</InlineField> — Whether to call webhooks when this Action instance expires.
* <InlineField>temporal</InlineField> — Whether the Action is temporal.
* <InlineField>userEmailingEnabled</InlineField>, <InlineField>userNotificationsEnabled</InlineField> — Enabling user notifications for an Action doesn't contact the user, but adds a <InlineField>notifyUser</InlineField> field to the JSON sent to webhooks.

### Action Reason Parameters

These are the parameters used when creating an Action Reason.

* <InlineField>userActionReasonId</InlineField> - The Id of the Action Reason.
* <InlineField>text</InlineField>, <InlineField>localizedTexts</InlineField> — The description of the Reason that a human can understand, possibly in many languages.
* <InlineField>code</InlineField> — A short text string to categorize the Reason, for software to process.

### Action Instance Parameters

These are the parameters used when applying an Action to a User, possibly with a Reason.

* <InlineField>userActionId</InlineField> - The Id of the User Action.
* <InlineField>actioneeUserId</InlineField> - The Id of the User to which the Action is applied.
* <InlineField>actionerUserId</InlineField> - The Id of the User who is applying the Action.
* <InlineField>applicationIds</InlineField> — The Action can be applied to the actionee for multiple Applications.
* <InlineField>broadcast</InlineField> — Whether the Action should trigger webhooks.
* <InlineField>comment</InlineField> — A note by the Actioner if they want to add information in addition to the Reason.
* <InlineField>emailUser</InlineField> — Whether the user should be emailed when the Action instance is created.
* <InlineField>expiry</InlineField> — Time after which this temporal Action should end. This is not a duration, but a [moment in time](/docs/reference/data-types#instants).
* <InlineField>notifyUser</InlineField> — Whether the literal text value <InlineField>notifyUser</InlineField> should be sent to webhooks to be acted on.
* <InlineField>option</InlineField> — The option the Actioner chose for this instance of the Action.
* <InlineField>reasonId</InlineField>

## Starting the PiedPiper Newspaper Company

Let's take a look at a practical example to demonstrate creating Actions to manage subscriptions and a survey for a paid news site called "PiedPiper".

The subscription Action will email the user and trigger a webhook to Intercom. When the Action instance expires, FusionAuth will send the user a goodbye email and trigger a webhook to PiedPiper to create a <InlineField>Prevent Login</InlineField> Action.

The survey Action will trigger a webhook to Slack.

Below is a diagram of this process.

![Diagram showing how to manage subscriptions in PiedPiper and send webhooks to external applications.](/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/user-actions/manage-users-how-to-use-user-actions-using-piedpiper-actions.png)

### FusionAuth Setup

This guide assumes you have installed Node.js and FusionAuth. For FusionAuth installation instructions, please follow the [5 minute getting started guide](/docs/get-started/start-here/step-1). You should be able to log in to FusionAuth at `http://localhost:9011/admin` and your Node.js test app at `http://localhost:3000`.

<Aside type="note">
You can't use the [online FusionAuth sandbox](https://sandbox.fusionauth.io/admin) for this tutorial because you need to point the webhooks and emails to fake localhost services.
</Aside>

### Create a Mock Email Service

The first task is to configure email for FusionAuth. You'll use [MailDev](https://github.com/maildev/maildev), a Node.js mock SMTP server.

* Open a new terminal window. It doesn't matter where, but your test application folder is a neat place. Run the following command.

```shell
npm install maildev && npx maildev -v;
```
* Leave this terminal window running until you have finished this tutorial. Run other commands in a different terminal.
* Browse to `http://localhost:1080/` so that you can see emails arrive as you test Actions.

If you're running FusionAuth through Docker, review the callout note below. If you're running FusionAuth directly on your localhost, you can skip to the Tenant email setup instructions.

<Aside type="note">
**Configuring localhost access on Docker**

You need to use Docker version 18 or higher on macOS or Windows. On Linux, you need version 20 to support `host.docker.internal`, which allows Docker services to call out to your localhost.

* Open the `docker-compose.yml` file for FusionAuth and add the following text to the `fusionauth:` service definition, on the same indentation level as the service `volumes:` key.
```
extra_hosts:
  - "host.docker.internal:host-gateway"
```
* Run the following commands in a new terminal in the folder to restart FusionAuth with mail capabilities. **Be warned:** This might reset your existing FusionAuth database.

```
docker compose down && docker compose up;
```
</Aside>

* Log in to FusionAuth and navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants</Breadcrumb>. Edit the "Default" tenant by clicking on the <Icon name="edit"/> icon.
* Click on the <Breadcrumb>Email</Breadcrumb> tab and enter the following values:
  * If FusionAuth is running on Docker.
    * <InlineField>Host</InlineField>: `host.docker.internal`
    * <InlineField>Port</InlineField>: `1025`
  * If FusionAuth is running on localhost.
    * <InlineField>Host</InlineField>: `localhost`
    * <InlineField>Port</InlineField>: `1025`

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/tenant-set-email.png" alt="Enabling SMTP Settings in FusionAuth"  width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

* Click <InlineUIElement>Send test email</InlineUIElement> and an email should arrive in the MailDev web interface.
* Click the <Icon name="save" /> button to save your changes to the Tenant configuration.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/test-email.png" alt="FusionAuth SMTP Settings Test Email" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

### Create PiedPiper Application

* In the FusionAuth admin UI, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> and click the <Icon name="plus" /> button to add a new Application.
* Enter the values:
  * <InlineField>Id</InlineField>: `e9fdb985-9173-4e01-9d73-ac2d60d1dc8e`
  * <InlineField>Name</InlineField>: `PiedPiper`

<Aside type="note">
In general, you can leave the Ids of new objects in FusionAuth blank to have them autogenerated but you need to know their values to call them in the API in this tutorial.
</Aside>

* On the <Breadcrumb>Roles</Breadcrumb> tab, click the <InlineUIElement>Add Roles</InlineUIElement> button to add two Roles.
  * For the first Role, enter:
    * <InlineField>Name</InlineField>: `admin`
    * <InlineField>Super Role</InlineField>: enable
  * For the second Role, enter:
    * <InlineField>Name</InlineField>: `customer`

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/create-application.png" alt="Creating an Application in FusionAuth" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

* Switch to the <Breadcrumb>OAuth</Breadcrumb> tab and enter the following values.
  * <InlineField>Authorized redirect URLs</InlineField>: `http://localhost:3000/oauth-redirect`.
  * <InlineField>Logout URL</InlineField>: `http://localhost:3000/logout`.
  * Record the <InlineField>Client secret</InlineField> value to use later.

<Aside type="note">
The <InlineField>Authorized redirect URLs</InlineField> field accepts multiple entries. To insert entries, enter the text followed by a space. A popup will appear, click it to confirm the entry.
</Aside>

* Save <Icon name="save" /> the new Application.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/application-oauth.png" alt="Application OAuth Settings in FusionAuth" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />


### Create an Administrative User (Actioner)

* Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb> and click the <Icon name="plus" /> button to add a User.
* Enter the following values.
  * <InlineField>Email</InlineField>: `admin@example.com`
  * Disable <InlineField>Send email to set up password</InlineField> to manually set the password.
    * <InlineField>Password</InlineField>: `password`
    * <InlineField>Confirm</InlineField>: `password`
* Save <Icon name="save" /> the User.
* Register the User to the following Applications on the <Breadcrumb>Registrations</Breadcrumb> tab by clicking the <InlineUIElement>Add registration</InlineUIElement> button.
  * First registration:
    * <InlineField>Application</InlineField>: `PiedPiper`
    * <InlineField>Roles</InlineField>: `admin`
    * Save <Icon name="save" /> the Registration
  * Second registration:
    * <InlineField>Application</InlineField>: `FusionAuth`
    * <InlineField>Roles</InlineField>: `GlobalAdmin`
    * Save <Icon name="save" /> the Registration


<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/application-registrations.png" alt="Create an Administrative User in FusionAuth" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />


### Create a Subscriber User (Actionee)

* Under <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb>, click the <Icon name="plus" /> button to add a User.
* Enter the values:
  * <InlineField>Email</InlineField>: `reader@example.com`
  * Disable <InlineField>Send email to set up password</InlineField> to manually set the password.
    * <InlineField>Password</InlineField>: `password`
    * <InlineField>Confirm</InlineField>: `password`
  * <InlineField>Languages</InlineField>: `Esperanto` (Note that you have to enter the text, wait for a popup to appear, then click it to confirm the entry.)
* Save <Icon name="save" /> the User.
* Click <InlineUIElement>Add registration</InlineUIElement> under the <Breadcrumb>Registrations</Breadcrumb> tab to register the user to the "PiedPiper" application.
  * <InlineField>Application</InlineField>: `PiedPiper`
  * <InlineField>Roles</InlineField>: `customer`

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/reader-user.png" alt="Create a Subscriber User in FusionAuth" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Record the <InlineField>User Id</InlineField> of both the Users you created to use later.

### Create an API Key

You now have an Application with two registered Users.

To apply Actions using the API, you need to create an API Key. In reality, you should grant as few privileges as possible to an API Key (principle of least privilege), but you'll make a key with all privileges in this tutorial to save time.

* Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> API Keys</Breadcrumb> and click the <Icon name="plus" /> button to add an API Key.
* Enter the following values:
  * <InlineField>Id</InlineField>: `cbf34b5f-cb45-4c97-9b7c-5fda3ad8f08c`
  * <InlineField>Key</InlineField>: `FTQkSoanK7ObbNjOoU69WDVclfTx8L_zfEJbdR8M0xu-jKotV0iQZiQh`
  * Leave all the toggle buttons for the endpoints disabled to give the key super access.
* Save <Icon name="save" /> the API Key.

<Aside type="note">
More information on keys is available [here](/docs/apis/authentication#managing-api-keys).
</Aside>

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/api-key.png" alt="Create an API Key in FusionAuth" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

### Subscription Work

The following steps will create the parts needed to handle subscriptions.

#### Create Welcome Email Template

First create two email templates, one for an email to send to the user when they subscribe and one for when their subscription ends. (The templates in this tutorial do not use variables like the user's name, but you should in reality.)

* Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Email Templates</Breadcrumb> and click the <Icon name="plus" /> icon to create an email template.
* Enter the values:
  * <InlineField>Id</InlineField>: `ae080fe4-5650-484f-807b-c692e218353d`
  * <InlineField>Name</InlineField>: `Welcome`
  * <InlineField>Default Subject</InlineField>: `Welcome`
  * On the <Breadcrumb>HTML Template</Breadcrumb> tab:
    * Set the <InlineField>Default HTML</InlineField> to `Welcome to PiedPiper. Your subscription is valid for one month of reading.`
  * On the <Breadcrumb>Text Template</Breadcrumb> tab:
    * Set the <InlineField>Default Text</InlineField> to `Welcome to PiedPiper. Your subscription is valid for one month of reading.`
* Save <Icon name="save" /> the email template.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/welcome-template.png" alt="Create an Email Template in FusionAuth" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

#### Create Expiry Email Template

* Under <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Email Templates</Breadcrumb>, click the <Icon name="plus" /> button to create an email template.
* Enter the values:
  * <InlineField>Id</InlineField>: `1671beff-78ed-420d-9e13-46b4d7d5c00d`
  * <InlineField>Name</InlineField>: `Goodbye`
  * <InlineField>Default Subject</InlineField>: `Goodbye`
  * On the <Breadcrumb>HTML Template</Breadcrumb> tab:
    * Set the <InlineField>Default HTML</InlineField> to `Your subscription has expired and you may no longer read the news. Goodbye.`
  * On the <Breadcrumb>Text Template</Breadcrumb> tab:
    * Set the <InlineField>Default Text</InlineField> to `Your subscription has expired and you may no longer read the news. Goodbye.`
* Save <Icon name="save" /> the email template.

<Aside type="note">
More information on email templates is available [here](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/email-templates#overview).
</Aside>

#### Create Reasons

Now create two Reasons for applying Actions to the subscriber. Remember that Reasons are optional. Reasons are most useful when a single Action could have multiple Reasons, such as a subscription given as a free trial, a competition win, part of a bundle, or for normal payment.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/reasons-header.png" alt="Navigate to User Action Reasons in FusionAuth" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

* Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> User Actions</Breadcrumb> and click the <InlineUIElement>Reasons</InlineUIElement> button on the top right.
* Add <Icon name="plus" /> the first Reason.
  * <InlineField>Id</InlineField>: `ae080fe4-5650-484f-807b-c692e218353d`
  * <InlineField>Text</InlineField>: `Paid Subscription`
  * <InlineField>Code</InlineField>: `PS`
  * Save <Icon name="save" /> the Reason.
* Add <Icon name="plus" /> the second Reason.
  * <InlineField>Id</InlineField>: `28b0dd40-3a65-48ae-8eb3-4d63d253180a`
  * <InlineField>Text</InlineField>: `Expired Subscription`
  * <InlineField>Code</InlineField>: `ES`
  * Save <Icon name="save" /> the Reason.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/reasons.png" alt="Create User Action Reasons in FusionAuth" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

#### Create Signup Webhook to Intercom

Since your Actions will rely on calling webhooks, you're going to create the webhooks first. Your first webhook will notify Intercom that a new user has subscribed and should be sent the onboarding series of emails that explain how to use all the paid features of PiedPiper. All our webhooks in this tutorial are sent to fake localhost versions of these real companies.

* Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Webhooks</Breadcrumb> and add <Icon name="plus" /> a webhook.
  * <InlineField>Id</InlineField>: `55934340-3c92-410a-b361-40fb324ed412`
  * <InlineField>URL</InlineField>: `http://host.docker.internal:3000/intercom`
  * Scroll down and ensure that the <InlineField>user.action</InlineField> event is enabled.
* Save <Icon name="save" /> the webhook.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/create-webhook.png" alt="Create a Webhook in FusionAuth" width="1200" />

#### Create Expiry Webhook to PiedPiper

The next webhook calls PiedPiper to notify it once the user's subscription expires.

* Under <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Webhooks</Breadcrumb>, click the <Icon name="plus" /> button to add a new webhook.
  * <InlineField>Id</InlineField>: `fa76b458-e0a0-438a-a5c8-26ca487e473e`
  * <InlineField>URL</InlineField>: `http://host.docker.internal:3000/expire`
  * Scroll down and ensure that the <InlineField>user.action</InlineField> event is enabled.
* Save <Icon name="save" /> the webhook.

#### Enable Webhooks in Tenants

* Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants</Breadcrumb> and edit <Icon name="edit" /> the "Default" tenant.
* Click on the <Breadcrumb>Webhooks</Breadcrumb> tab. Note that the two webhooks you just created are enabled in the checkbox list.
  * Scroll down and enable <InlineField>user.action</InlineField>.
  * Save <Icon name="save" /> updates to the Tenant.

<Aside type="note">
Enabling the webhooks in two places gives you fine-grained control across Tenants. More information on webhooks is available [here](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/#overview).
</Aside>

#### Create Subscription Action

Now you can create the subscription and banning Actions to apply to the user in our PiedPiper code. They're both temporal Actions.

<Aside type="note">
You'll continue using the FusionAuth admin UI to create objects in this tutorial. You can also use client libraries and the API. Here's a [blog post which illustrates this functionality](/blog/using-user-actions#creating-the-user-action).
</Aside>

* Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> User Actions</Breadcrumb> and add <Icon name="plus" /> a User Action.
  * <InlineField>Id</InlineField>: `38bf18dd-6cbc-453d-a438-ddafe0daa1b0`
  * <InlineField>Name</InlineField>: `Subscribe`
  * <InlineField>Time-based</InlineField>: `Enable`
  * Click on the <Breadcrumb>Email</Breadcrumb> tab.
    * <InlineField>Email user</InlineField>: `Enable`
    * <InlineField>Send to Webhook</InlineField>: `Enable`
    * For <InlineField>Start template</InlineField>, select the `Welcome` template.
    * For <InlineField>Modify template</InlineField>, select the `Goodbye` template.
    * For <InlineField>Cancel template</InlineField>, select the `Goodbye` template.
    * For <InlineField>End template</InlineField>, select the `Goodbye` template.
* Save <Icon name="save" /> the User Action.

<Aside type="note">
Note that this example workflow never modifies or cancels a user subscription and these emails will never be sent. Nevertheless, FusionAuth requires a template to be chosen for every possibility if you enable <InlineField>Email user</InlineField>.
</Aside>

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/subscribe-action.png" alt="Create an Action in FusionAuth" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />


#### Create Prevent Login Action

This next Action will prevent the User from logging in after the subscription expires.

* Under <Breadcrumb>Settings -> User Actions</Breadcrumb>, click the <Icon name="plus" /> icon to add a new User Action.
  * <InlineField>Id</InlineField>: `b96a0548-e87c-42dd-887c-31294ca10c8b`
  * <InlineField>Name</InlineField>: `Ban`
  * <InlineField>Time-based</InlineField>: `Enable`
  * <InlineField>Prevent login</InlineField>: `Enable`
* Save <Icon name="save" /> the User Action.

This Action will not email or notify anyone.

### Survey Work

Now you can use instantaneous Actions to create the survey.

#### Create Thanks Email Template

Create an email template that thanks the user for completing the survey.

* Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Email Templates</Breadcrumb> and add <Icon name="plus" /> a new email template.
* Enter the values:
  * <InlineField>Id</InlineField>: `9006bb3c-b13b-4238-b858-d7a97e054a8d`
  * <InlineField>Name</InlineField>: `Thanks`
  * <InlineField>Default Subject</InlineField>: `Thanks`
  * On the <Breadcrumb>HTML Template</Breadcrumb> tab:
    * Set the <InlineField>Default HTML</InlineField> to `Thank you for your survey feedback. It helps us improve. If your experience was negative we'll contact you shortly.`
  * On the <Breadcrumb>Text Template</Breadcrumb> tab:
    * Set the <InlineField>Default Text</InlineField> to`Thank you for your survey feedback. It helps us improve. If your experience was negative we'll contact you shortly.`
  * Save <Icon name="save" /> the email template.

#### Create Survey Webhook to Slack

* Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Webhooks</Breadcrumb> and add <Icon name="plus" /> a new webhook.
  * <InlineField>Id</InlineField>: `d86e097a-f23f-459b-80c5-8b47bae182ee`
  * <InlineField>URL</InlineField>: `http://host.docker.internal:3000/slack`
  * Scroll down and ensure that the <InlineField>user.action</InlineField> event is enabled.
* Save <Icon name="save" /> the webhook.

#### Create Survey Action With Options With Localizations

In this last Action, you will add Options that represent the responses a user may have in the survey. You will also add a translation (localization) for each Option so that agents who don't speak English can see feedback in their own language.

* Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> User Actions</Breadcrumb> and add <Icon name="plus" /> a new User Action.
  * <InlineField>Id</InlineField>: `8e6d80df-74bb-4cb8-9caa-c9a2dafc6e57`
  * <InlineField>Name</InlineField>: `Survey`
  * Leave all temporal, email, and notification settings disabled.
  * Under the <Breadcrumb>Options</Breadcrumb> tab, click <InlineUIElement>Add option</InlineUIElement> to add the first option.
    * <InlineField>Name</InlineField>: `Good`
    * Click <InlineUIElement>Add localization</InlineUIElement>.
      * <InlineField>Locale</InlineField>: `Esperanto`
      * <InlineField>Text</InlineField>: `Bona`
    * Click <InlineUIElement>Submit</InlineUIElement> to save the option.
  * Add a second option by clicking the <InlineUIElement>Add option</InlineUIElement> button.
    * <InlineField>Name</InlineField>: `Neutral`
    * Click <InlineUIElement>Add localization</InlineUIElement>.
      * <InlineField>Locale</InlineField>: `Esperanto`
      * <InlineField>Text</InlineField>: `Meza`
    * Click <InlineUIElement>Submit</InlineUIElement> to save the option.
  * Add a third option by clicking the <InlineUIElement>Add option</InlineUIElement> button.
    * <InlineField>Name</InlineField>: `Bad`
    * Click <InlineUIElement>Add localization</InlineUIElement>.
      * <InlineField>Locale</InlineField>: `Esperanto`
      * <InlineField>Text</InlineField>: `Malbona`
    * Click <InlineUIElement>Submit</InlineUIElement> to save the option.
* Save <Icon name="save" /> the User Action.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/webhook-options.png" alt="Create a Webhook With Options in FusionAuth" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

## PiedPiper Setup

Your JavaScript code will act as PiedPiper, Intercom, and Slack, all in one. You'll use the `fusionauth-example-5-minute-guide` Node.js app as the base to start from. If you have not worked through [that guide](/docs/get-started/start-here/step-1) and do not have the code available, please do so before continuing.

* Set the `CLIENT_ID` and `CLIENT_SECRET` in your `.env` file to the values you recorded for the new PiedPiper Application in this [section](#create-piedpiper-application).
* Create a new environment variable in the `.env` file called `API_KEY` and set the value to the value of the API key you created earlier `FTQkSoanK7ObbNjOoU69WDVclfTx8L_zfEJbdR8M0xu-jKotV0iQZiQh`.
* Note in the `package.json` file that the `@fusionauth/typescript-client` library is available for use. This is what will be calling the FusionAuth API to create Action instances.

### Create Mock Intercom API

In the `fusionauth-example-5-minute-guide` Node.js app, open `app.js`.

You'll add a new route that pretends to be Intercom and will listen for new subscribers to start the onboarding process. In this tutorial, the API will just print the webhook to the console so that you can see what it looks like.

After the line `var indexRouter = require('./routes/index');`, add a reference to the FusionAuth TypeScript client library, the `API_KEY` and `BASE_URL` environment variables.

<RemoteCode lang="js" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-user-actions-guide/main/app.js" tags="tsClientLib"/>

Below the line `app.use('/', indexRouter);`, add the following.

<RemoteCode lang="js" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-user-actions-guide/main/app.js" tags="intercom" />

### Create Mock Slack API

Now make a similar API to mock Slack by adding the following code below the code you added previously.

<RemoteCode lang="js" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-user-actions-guide/main/app.js" tags="slack" />

Administrators monitoring PiedPiper on Slack can immediately contact the user to help them if their survey response was `Bad`.

### Create PiedPiper API to Listen for Expiry and Call Prevent Login Action

The final piece of code you'll add to `app.js` is a little more complex. The `expire` route below is called by FusionAuth when the user's subscription Action instance ends. To ban the user from logging in after this time, PiedPiper applies the <InlineField>Prevent Login</InlineField> Action to the user by calling the FusionAuth API.  Add this code directly below the mock Slack code you just added.

<RemoteCode lang="js" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-user-actions-guide/main/app.js" tags="expire" />

## Testing

In this last section, you'll see how Actions work by applying them and watching the emails and webhooks be triggered.

### Start PiedPiper

Run the PiedPiper Node.js app by typing the following in a terminal.

```bash
npm run start
```

### Apply Subscription Action

Let's start testing by applying the subscription Action to the user. In reality, your app would do this in code once the user has paid, but for now we'll do it in a new terminal.

<Aside type="note">
You'll need to install `curl` if it's not already installed.
</Aside>

In the following code, you will replace the values of <InlineField>actioneeUserId</InlineField> and <InlineField>actionerUserId</InlineField> with the values you recorded earlier for the reader and administrator users respectively.

To test out the workflow, you can let the subscription expire after 60 seconds. From the [FusionAuth Date-Time tool](/dev-tools/date-time), copy the <InlineField>Milliseconds</InlineField> value, add `60000` (60 seconds) to it, and paste it into the `"expiry"` field below. This will ensure the subscription action expires quickly. If you're on Linux, use the Option 2 code snippet to set the <InlineField>expiry</InlineField> value automatically.

**Option 1:** Set the expiry manually (remember to change the user Ids)

```bash
curl -i --location --request POST 'http://localhost:9011/api/user/action' \
  --header 'Authorization: FTQkSoanK7ObbNjOoU69WDVclfTx8L_zfEJbdR8M0xu-jKotV0iQZiQh' \
  --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  --data-raw '{
  "broadcast": true,
  "action": {
    "actioneeUserId": "9af67e9a-8332-4c06-971c-463b6710c340",
    "actionerUserId": "ac2f073d-c063-4a7b-ab76-812f44ed7f55",
    "comment": "Paid for the news",
    "emailUser": true,
    "expiry": 1690288205000,
    "userActionId": "38bf18dd-6cbc-453d-a438-ddafe0daa1b0",
    "reasonId": "ae080fe4-5650-484f-807b-c692e218353d"
  }
 }'
```

**Option 2:** Set the expiry automatically (remember to change the user Ids)

```bash
curl -i --location --request POST 'http://localhost:9011/api/user/action' \
  --header 'Authorization: FTQkSoanK7ObbNjOoU69WDVclfTx8L_zfEJbdR8M0xu-jKotV0iQZiQh' \
  --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  --data-raw '{
    "broadcast": true,
    "action": {
      "actioneeUserId": "9af67e9a-8332-4c06-971c-463b6710c340",
      "actionerUserId": "ac2f073d-c063-4a7b-ab76-812f44ed7f55",
      "comment": "Paid for the news",
      "emailUser": true,
      "expiry": '"$(($(date +%s) * 1000 + 60000))"',
      "userActionId": "38bf18dd-6cbc-453d-a438-ddafe0daa1b0",
      "reasonId": "ae080fe4-5650-484f-807b-c692e218353d"
    }
  }'
```

You should receive a `200` status code and a response that looks like the following.

```json
{
  "action":
  {
    "actioneeUserId":"223515c6-6be5-4027-ac4f-4ebdcded2af9",
    "actionerUserId":"a1b4962f-0480-437c-9bb1-856fa2acabed",
    "applicationIds":[],
    "comment":"Paid for the news",
    "emailUserOnEnd":true,
    "endEventSent":false,
    "expiry":1690204666927,
    "id":"ad07e697-1583-4c2e-922e-8038945b3c09",
    "insertInstant":1690204662349,
    "localizedName":"Subscribe",
    "name":"Subscribe",
    "notifyUserOnEnd":false,
    "userActionId":"38bf18dd-6cbc-453d-a438-ddafe0daa1b0",
    "reason":"Paid Subscription",
    "localizedReason":"Paid Subscription",
    "reasonCode":"PS"
  }
}
```

If you are experimenting with Action instances and wish to delete one, you can use the following code and change the UUID in the URL to match the instance Id that was returned by FusionAuth when you created it.

```bash
curl -i --location --request DELETE 'http://localhost:9011/api/user/action/3cc31d87-25b9-4528-970a-2b177508afe1'\
   --header 'Authorization: FTQkSoanK7ObbNjOoU69WDVclfTx8L_zfEJbdR8M0xu-jKotV0iQZiQh'\
   --header 'Content-Type: application/json'\
   --data-raw '{"action": {"actionerUserId": "ac2f073d-c063-4a7b-ab76-812f44ed7f55"}}'
```

### Examine the Webhook Calls

Open the terminal that the Node.js PiedPiper app is running in to view the webhooks the app received. You might expect to see only one for the subscription webhook sent to Intercom. FusionAuth has no way of configuring an Action to trigger only one specific webhook. Instead, every Action triggers every webhook, so you'll need to filter the JSON arriving at your webhook targets by `action`, `reason`, and `phase` to decide whether to use it or not.

Below is an example of the JSON sent to webhooks.

```js
event: {
    action: 'Subscribe',
    actionId: '32754f74-d92c-4829-ab8b-704825baf1ef',
    actioneeUserId: '9af67e9a-8332-4c06-971c-463b6710c340',
    actionerUserId: 'ac2f073d-c063-4a7b-ab76-812f44ed7f55',
    applicationIds: [],
    comment: 'Paid for the news',
    createInstant: 1690282558415,
    emailedUser: true,
    expiry: 1690282574000,
    id: '5dba9944-ce71-4ce0-b18f-c44723e7394b',
    info: { ipAddress: '172.28.0.1' },
    localizedAction: 'Subscribe',
    localizedDuration: '15 seconds',
    notifyUser: false,
    phase: 'start',
    tenantId: '8891ecad-ae5c-3d5d-1f4e-3e95f8583b78',
    type: 'user.action'
  }
```

Check that at least two specific webhooks have been sent after one minute — one for the Subscribe Action to Intercom and one for the Expiry Action to PiedPiper.

### Check Welcome and Expiry Emails Arrive

Check that the welcome and goodbye emails arrived in the MailDev browser window. If you can't see them, go back to the FusionAuth Tenant email settings and verify that you're using port `1025` and host `host.docker.internal`.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/expiry-email.png" alt="Received Welcome and Expiry Emails" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

### Check Prevent Login Action Was Created

After a minute has passed, the terminal should display `User banned successfully`. This means that PiedPiper received the expired subscription webhook, tested for `(req.body.event.action === 'Subscribe' && req.body.event.phase === 'end')`, and applied the "Ban" Action to the user.

To test that it did indeed work, try to log in to the test application at `http://localhost:3000` with the user `reader@example.com`. You should be prohibited.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/locked-account.png" alt="Locked Account After Prevent Login Action" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

### Apply Survey Action

Assume the user has now filled in a survey and sent his response to PiedPiper. You'll emulate the app applying the survey Action to the User with the chosen Option and given comment. There is no need to set an expiry value in this command because the Action is instantaneous, not temporal. You need to change the User Ids to match the ones you recorded earlier. The customer is the Actioner and the customer support agent is the Actionee.

```bash
curl -i --location --request POST 'http://localhost:9011/api/user/action' \
  --header 'Authorization: FTQkSoanK7ObbNjOoU69WDVclfTx8L_zfEJbdR8M0xu-jKotV0iQZiQh' \
  --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  --data-raw '{
    "broadcast": true,
    "action": {
      "actioneeUserId": "ac2f073d-c063-4a7b-ab76-812f44ed7f55",
      "actionerUserId": "9af67e9a-8332-4c06-971c-463b6710c340",
      "applicationIds": ["e9fdb985-9173-4e01-9d73-ac2d60d1dc8e"],
      "comment": "Could not find my horoscope in the newspaper :( Agent did not help me.",
      "emailUser": false,
      "userActionId": "8e6d80df-74bb-4cb8-9caa-c9a2dafc6e57",
      "option": "Bad"
    }
  }'
```

Note that the <InlineField>option</InlineField> field is a string, `Bad`, not a UUID. Because of this, if you ever change the wording of your Options in FusionAuth, you need to change them in every piece of code that uses them. When creating your Options, instead of using a descriptive word for the <InlineField>Name</InlineField>, like `Bad`, you could give it a code or UUID, like `Bad-269edb4a-aef0-461a-917d-a7f76a254841` to discourage people from changing it in future. Then create a localization for English too, `Bad`. Now, even if you want to change the localization `Bad` to `Negative` in the future, you can keep using the same <InlineField>Name</InlineField> in all your code that calls the API. Here, we include the word in addition to the UUID so that when you are browsing the Options in the FusionAuth admin UI, you can still see what the Options represent without going into the localization detail screens.

### Check Slack Is Called

In the PiedPiper terminal, you'll see JSON being sent to the mock Slack.

```js
{
  event: {
    action: 'Survey',
    actionId: 'ef9e753f-ecc0-468b-8160-dcb25dbb4d91',
    actioneeUserId: 'ac2f073d-c063-4a7b-ab76-812f44ed7f55',
    actionerUserId: '9af67e9a-8332-4c06-971c-463b6710c340',
    applicationIds: [ 'e9fdb985-9173-4e01-9d73-ac2d60d1dc8e' ],
    comment: 'Could not find my horoscope in the newspaper :(',
    createInstant: 1690291936476,
    emailedUser: false,
    id: 'be3470aa-0dfd-408e-a286-6d3c16a9af1f',
    info: { ipAddress: '172.28.0.1' },
    localizedAction: 'Survey',
    localizedOption: 'Malbona',
    notifyUser: false,
    option: 'Bad',
    tenantId: '8891ecad-ae5c-3d5d-1f4e-3e95f8583b78',
    type: 'user.action'
  }
}
```

The user's comment has been recorded as the survey response. The option they chose is also shown as <InlineField>localizedOption</InlineField>: `'Malbona'`. Note that translations are always shown in the preferred language of the Actionee, not the Actioner. In this example, the Actioner is the customer and the localized option is shown in the language of the administrator (customer service agent).

### Retrieve All Survey Action Instances for This User

The last thing you might want to do with Actions is retrieve them all from FusionAuth to create an audit trail of PiedPiper interactions with the subscriber. The [following command](/docs/apis/actioning-users#retrieve-a-previously-taken-action) will do that. Remember to replace the subscriber's UUID with yours.

```bash
curl -i --location --request GET 'http://localhost:9011/api/user/action?userId=9af67e9a-8332-4c06-971c-463b6710c340'\
   --header 'Authorization: FTQkSoanK7ObbNjOoU69WDVclfTx8L_zfEJbdR8M0xu-jKotV0iQZiQh'
```

# Gate Users Until They Verify Their Email

import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import CommonQuestionsGating from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/_common-questions-gating.mdx';
import TroubleshootingGating from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/_troubleshooting-gating.mdx';

As of version `1.27.0`, FusionAuth can be configured to gate users' accounts until their email has been verified. While users can successfully start the login process, they will be blocked from completing it until they have verified possession of the email address they registered with.

To enable email verification gating, do the following:

- Configure the tenant with your email server
- Configure the tenant to enable email gating
- Optionally customize the email verification template
- Enable self-service registration
- Configure your application with a redirect URL

Let's step through each of these, but first, there are some required prerequisites.

## Prerequisites

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

This tutorial assumes you are running FusionAuth version `1.27.0` or greater. If you aren't, head on over to the [installation guide](/docs/get-started/download-and-install) or the [upgrade guide](/docs/operate/deploy/upgrade) to update to a version with support for this feature.

This tutorial also assumes you have a paid plan and valid license. If you need to buy a plan, please visit the [pricing page](/pricing). If you need to activate your instance, please visit the [Reactor page](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/licensing).

### Gating vs Verification vs Pre-Verification

<Aside type="note">
Email Verification and Application Registration Verification are not premium features; gating is a premium feature. When you enable gating, users cannot receive a JWT to complete the authentication workflow until they verify their email.
</Aside>

FusionAuth ships with registration verification and identity verification flows. These verification flows update the `verified` and `verifiedReason` attributes on a user's registration or on a user identity. You have the option to gate the user (or prevent them from "continuing" auth) based on these attributes when writing your application and integration code.

With paid FusionAuth plans, you can elect to have _FusionAuth_ "gate" your users based on these verification attributes. Gating in this sense, would prevent the user from authenticating further or obtaining a JWT and _would be enforced by the FusionAuth User Interface_. Gating happens *after* user creation.

[Pre-verification](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/identity-pre-verification-using-email) applies the same concept, but user identities must be verified *before* user creation.

## Configure the Tenant Email Server

Log in to the FusionAuth administrative user interface. You could do all of this configuration with the API or kickstart, but for this tutorial you'll use the UI.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Your Tenant</Breadcrumb> and then select the <Breadcrumb>Email</Breadcrumb> tab. Scroll to the <InlineUIElement>SMTP settings</InlineUIElement> section. Configure this with your SMTP server information. If you are testing locally, you can use a mock email server like [mailcatcher](https://mailcatcher.me/).

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/tenant-smtp-settings.png" alt="Tenant SMTP settings" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Ensure a test email is delivered. If you have any issues, follow the steps in the [email troubleshooting documentation](/docs/operate/troubleshooting#troubleshooting-email).

Save the configuration.

## Enable Email Verification Gating

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Your Tenant</Breadcrumb> and then select the <Breadcrumb>Identities</Breadcrumb> tab. Scroll to the <InlineUIElement>Identity verification settings</InlineUIElement> section.

- Under email, enable <InlineField>Verify identity</InlineField>.
- Choose your email template. The default template is `Email verification`, and that will work fine for this tutorial.
- Update the <InlineField>Verification strategy</InlineField>. This can be either `ClickableLink` or `FormField`. The former sends an email with a link to verify the user's address. The latter emails a code which the user will provide to FusionAuth. For this tutorial, use `ClickableLink`.
- Ensure that the <InlineField>Unverified behavior</InlineField> value is `Gated`.

After these steps, you should end up with a configuration screen that looks like this:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/tenant-email-verification-settings.png" alt="Tenant email verification settings" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Make sure you save the configuration.

## Customize the Email Verification Template

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Email Templates</Breadcrumb>. Edit the `Email Verification` template by clicking on the blue <InlineUIElement>Edit</InlineUIElement> button.

Modify the HTML and text templates as desired and then save them. You can also localize the messages.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/email-template-customization.png" alt="Customizing the email verification email template" width="1200" />

## Configure the Application

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb>. Edit your application by clicking on the blue <InlineUIElement>Edit</InlineUIElement> button.

Enable self service registration by selecting the <Breadcrumb>Registration</Breadcrumb> tab, and then scrolling to the <InlineUIElement>Self service registration</InlineUIElement> section.

<Aside type="note">
You can create a user with an unverified email address in other ways than self service registration. However, self service registration is the simplest way to create a user without a verified email.
</Aside>

Enable self service registration and configure the displayed and required fields as desired.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/application-enable-self-registration.png" alt="Enabling application self registration" width="1200"  role="top-cropped bottom-cropped" />

Next, navigate to the <Breadcrumb>OAuth</Breadcrumb> tab. Enable the `Authorization Code` grant.

In addition, ensure you have entered a valid URL in the <InlineField>Authorized redirect URLs</InlineField> field. (The value of this redirect URL doesn't really matter for this tutorial. But for production use, ensure the code at that endpoint can exchange an authorization code for a token.)

Save the application configuration. You'll be returned to the list of applications.

Click on the <InlineUIElement>View</InlineUIElement> button of your application to see the details of your application.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/view-application-details.png" alt="View application details to see the relevant URLs" width="1200" />

Look for the <InlineField>Registration URL</InlineField>. It'll be something like `https://local.fusionauth.io/oauth2/register?client_id=85a03867-dccf-4882-adde-1a79aeec50df&response_type=code&redirect_uri=http%3A%2F%2Flocalhost%3A3000%2Foauth-redirect`. Copy that value as you'll use it below.

At the same time, find the <InlineField>OAuth IdP login URL</InlineField>, and copy that as well.

## Test It Out

Now, test out the functionality. Register a new account. Make sure to use a different browser or incognito mode so that the admin account you logged in with while configuring FusionAuth doesn't interfere with new user registration.

Visit the registration URL copied above. You'll be prompted to register. Fill out the form with a valid email address. After registration is complete, you'll receive an email prompting you to verify the email address.

Here is the email in the mailcatcher user interface:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/verification-email-mailcatcher.png" alt="Verification email in mailcatcher" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

This user account will be gated and unable to completely log in if you have registered but not yet verified the email address. In your browser where you registered, you'll see a page similar to below:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/email-verification-gate-screen-clickable-link.png" alt="Clickable link default email verification gate screen" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

To test the gating, open a different browser (not a window, but an entirely different browser) and visit the login URL copied above. Enter the email and password for the user you just registered.

You'll be sent to the same email verification gate page.

No matter which API or hosted login page you use, no JWT will be issued until the user has been verified. The user will continue to see the verification prompt when they log in until then.

If an API is being used to authenticate the user, the API will return a status code indicating email verification has not yet occurred. Please see the [Login API](/docs/apis/login) for more details.

If you view the user in the administrative user interface, you'll see a question mark next to their email address. This indicates that their email has not yet been verified.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/unverified-email-user-details-screen.png" alt="Unverified user details screen" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Once you have verified the email address by clicking on the link, you can now log in and will be sent to the configured redirect URL.

## The User Object

The user object changes before, during, and after the email verification occurs. Let's look at the JSON.

If a user is created and email verification is disabled, the verified attribute of the identity object will be `false` with a reason of `Disabled`.

<JSON title="User Object With Email Verification Turned Off Initially JSON" src="registration-gate/user-email-verification-turned-off-initially.json" />

If a user is created while email verification is enabled, the verified attribute of the identity object will be `false` with a reason of `Pending`

<JSON title="User Object With Email Verification Turned On Initially JSON" src="registration-gate/user-email-verification-turned-on-initially.json" />

Naturally, the user's email identity will change to `verified: true` with `verifiedReason: "Completed"` once the user verifies their email. Since this is for email (and not phone), this will also change the user-level `user.verified` field to `verified: true`.

<Aside type="note">
Users imported through the Import API will have whatever attributes are initially imported regardless of verification or gate settings.
</Aside>

## Common Questions

<CommonQuestionsGating />

## Troubleshooting Email Verification

<TroubleshootingGating />

Ensure a test email is delivered. If you have any issues, follow the steps in the [email troubleshooting documentation](/docs/operate/troubleshooting#troubleshooting-email).

## Next Steps

Now that you've successfully set up gated email verification, take the next steps to integrate this functionality into your application:

- Discover how to [modify your theme](/docs/customize/look-and-feel) to make the email verification gate pages look like your application.
- Learn more about [email templates](/docs/customize/email-and-messages) and how to customize them.
- Have the user submit a passcode rather than click a link. With this option, the user will be prompted with a screen similar to the below image.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/email-verification-gate-screen-code-entry.png" alt="Code entry default email gate screen" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

# Gate Users Until They Verify Their Phone

import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import CommonQuestionsGating from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/_common-questions-gating.mdx';
import TroubleshootingGating from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/_troubleshooting-gating.mdx';

As of version `1.59.0`, FusionAuth can be configured to gate users' accounts until their phone numbers have been verified. While users can successfully start the login process, they will be blocked from completing it until they have verified possession of the phone number they registered with.

To enable phone verification gating, do the following:

- Configure a messenger
- Configure the tenant with your messenger
- Configure the tenant to enable phone gating
- Optionally customize the phone verification template
- Enable self-service registration
- Configure your application with a redirect URL

Let's step through each of these, but first, there are some required prerequisites.

## Prerequisites

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

This tutorial assumes you are running FusionAuth version 1.59.0 or greater. If you aren't, head on over to the [installation guide](/docs/get-started/download-and-install) or the [upgrade guide](/docs/operate/deploy/upgrade) to update to a version with support for this feature.

This tutorial also assumes you have a paid plan and valid license. If you need to buy a plan, please visit the [pricing page](/pricing). If you need to activate your instance, please visit the [Reactor page](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/licensing).

Although you do not have to use Twilio to send messages, this tutorial assumes you will use Twilio as your SMS messenger. If you want to use a different messenger, you can do so by creating a generic messenger instead of a Twilio messenger.

### Gating vs Verification vs Pre-Verification

<Aside type="note">
Phone Verification is not a premium feature; gating is a premium feature. When you enable gating, users cannot receive a JWT to complete the authentication workflow until they verify their phone number.
</Aside>

FusionAuth ships with phone verification flows. These verification flows update the `verified` and `verifiedReason` attributes on a user identity. You have the option to gate the user (or prevent them from "continuing" auth) based on these attributes when writing your application and integration code.

With paid FusionAuth plans, you can elect to have _FusionAuth_ "gate" your users based on these verification attributes. Gating in this sense, would prevent the user from authenticating further or obtaining a JWT and _would be enforced by the FusionAuth User Interface_. Gating happens *after* user creation.

[Pre-verification](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/identity-pre-verification-using-phone) applies the same concept, but user identities must be verified *before* user creation.

## Configure the Messenger

Log in to the FusionAuth administrative user interface. You could do all of this configuration with the API or kickstart, but for this tutorial you'll use the UI.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Messengers</Breadcrumb> and then click <InlineUIElement>Add Twilio messenger</InlineUIElement> and enter your Twilio account information.

## Configure the Tenant with the Messenger

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Your Tenant</Breadcrumb> and then select the <Breadcrumb>Identities</Breadcrumb> tab. Scroll to the <InlineUIElement>Messenger settings</InlineUIElement> section. Configure this with the messenger you just created.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/tenant-identities-settings.png" alt="Tenant Identities settings" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

## Enable Phone Verification Gating

- Under Phone, enable <InlineField>Verify identity</InlineField>.
- Choose your message template. The default template is `Phone Verification`, and that will work fine for this tutorial.
- Update the <InlineField>Verification strategy</InlineField>. This can be either `ClickableLink` or `FormField`. The former sends an SMS message with a link to verify the user's phone number. The latter sends a code which the user will provide to FusionAuth. For this tutorial, keep the default value of `FormField`.
- Ensure that the <InlineField>Unverified behavior</InlineField> value is `Gated`.

After these steps, you should end up with a configuration screen that looks like this:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/tenant-phone-verification-settings.png" alt="Tenant phone verification settings" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Make sure you save the configuration.

## Customize the Phone Verification Template

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Message Templates</Breadcrumb>. Edit the `Phone Verification` template by clicking on the blue <InlineUIElement>Edit</InlineUIElement> button.

Modify the text template as desired and then save. You can also localize the messages.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/phone-template-customization.png" alt="Customizing the phone verification message template" width="1200" />

## Configure the Application

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb>. Edit your application by clicking on the blue <InlineUIElement>Edit</InlineUIElement> button.

Enable self service registration by selecting the <Breadcrumb>Registration</Breadcrumb> tab, and then scrolling to the <InlineUIElement>Self service registration</InlineUIElement> section.

<Aside type="note">
You can create a user with an unverified phone number in other ways than self service registration. However, self service registration is the simplest way to create a user without a verified phone number.
</Aside>

Enable self service registration and configure the displayed and required fields as desired (in particular, choose `Phone` for the `Login type`).

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/application-enable-self-registration-phone.png" alt="Enabling application self registration" width="1200"  role="top-cropped bottom-cropped" />

Next, navigate to the <Breadcrumb>OAuth</Breadcrumb> tab. Enable the `Authorization Code` grant.

In addition, ensure you have entered a valid URL in the <InlineField>Authorized redirect URLs</InlineField> field. (The value of this redirect URL doesn't really matter for this tutorial. But for production use, ensure the code at that endpoint can exchange an authorization code for a token.)

Save the application configuration. You'll be returned to the list of applications.

Click on the <InlineUIElement>View</InlineUIElement> button of your application to see the details of your application.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/view-application-details.png" alt="View application details to see the relevant URLs" width="1200" />

Look for the <InlineField>Registration URL</InlineField>. It'll be something like `https://local.fusionauth.io/oauth2/register?client_id=85a03867-dccf-4882-adde-1a79aeec50df&response_type=code&redirect_uri=http%3A%2F%2Flocalhost%3A3000%2Foauth-redirect`. Copy that value as you'll use it below.

At the same time, find the <InlineField>OAuth IdP login URL</InlineField>, and copy that as well.

## Test It Out

Now, test out the functionality. Register a new account. Make sure to use a different browser or incognito mode so that the admin account you logged in with while configuring FusionAuth doesn't interfere with new user registration.

Visit the registration URL copied above. You'll be prompted to register. Fill out the form with a valid phone number. After registration is complete, you'll receive a message prompting you to verify the phone number.

This user account will be gated and unable to completely log in if you have registered but not yet verified the phone number. In your browser where you registered, you'll see a screen similar to below:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/phone-verification-gate-screen-form-field.png" alt="Form field default phone verification gate screen" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

To test the gating, open a different browser (not a window, but an entirely different browser) and visit the login URL copied above. Enter the phone number and password for the user you just registered.

You'll be sent to the same phone verification gate page.

No matter which API or hosted login page you use, no JWT will be issued until the user has been verified. The user will continue to see the verification prompt when they log in until then.

If an API is being used to authenticate the user, the API will return a status code indicating phone verification has not yet occurred. Please see the [Login API](/docs/apis/login) for more details.

If you view the user in the administrative user interface, you'll see a question mark next to their phone number. This indicates that their phone number has not yet been verified.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/unverified-phonenumber-user-details-screen.png" alt="Unverified user details screen" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Once you have verified the phone number by entering the code from the message, you can now log in and will be sent to the configured redirect URL.

## The User Object

The user object changes before, during, and after the phone verification occurs. Let's look at the JSON.

If a user is created and phone verification is disabled, the verified attribute of the identity object will be `false` with a reason of `Disabled`.

<JSON title="User Object With Phone Verification Turned Off Initially JSON" src="registration-gate/user-phone-verification-turned-off-initially.json" />

If a user is created while phone verification is enabled, the verified attribute of the identity object will be `false` with a reason of `Pending`

<JSON title="User Object With Phone Verification Turned On Initially JSON" src="registration-gate/user-phone-verification-turned-on-initially.json" />

Naturally, the user's phone number identity will change to `verified: true` with `verifiedReason: "Completed"` once the user verifies their phone number.

<Aside type="note">
Users imported through the Import API will have whatever attributes are initially imported regardless of verification or gate settings.
</Aside>

## Common Questions

<CommonQuestionsGating />

## Troubleshooting Phone Verification

<TroubleshootingGating />

### Links Sent to Users Don't Function As Expected

Users cannot verify their phone number. The link or code does not work (it is expired or there is some other error).

#### Check External Identifier Timeouts

Ensure your external identifier timeouts are appropriate. Reasonable defaults are set, but they can be adjusted (<Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Advanced Tab -> External identifier durations</Breadcrumb>), with particular attention paid to `Phone Verification` duration.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/tenant-timeouts-phone.png" alt="Tenant Phone Timeouts Screenshot" width="1200" />

## Next Steps

Now that you've successfully set up gated phone verification, take the next steps to integrate this functionality into your application:

- Discover how to [modify your theme](/docs/customize/look-and-feel) to make the phone verification gate pages look like your application.
- Learn more about [message templates](/docs/customize/email-and-messages) and how to customize them.

# Identity Pre-Verification Using Email Verification Form

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';

As of version `1.62.0`, FusionAuth can be configured to pre-verify users' identities, in the registration process, before user creation.

To enable pre-verification, do the following:

* Configure the Tenant Email Server
* Enable verification for the identity type(s) on the tenant
* Create an advanced registration form with the verification step
* Enable self-service registration in your app

## Prerequisites

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

* FusionAuth version `1.62.0` or greater. If you already have a FusionAuth instance, see the [upgrade guide](/docs/operate/deploy/upgrade). To set up your own instance, see the [installation guide](/docs/get-started/download-and-install).

* A licensed paid plan. To buy a plan, visit the [pricing page](/pricing). To activate your instance, visit the [Reactor page](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/licensing).

### Difference Between Verification, Gating, And Identity Pre-Verification

Verification: user created, attributes updated on user or identity

* Available to both hosted pages (Self-service registration Advanced forms) and API
* No automatic gating you must handle in your application code
* User already exists

Gating: hosted page concept, only enforced on hosted pages

* If you change your email, you won’t run into the gating until you log in again
* Available on hosted pages (Self-service registration Advanced forms) and Self-service registration Basic
* User already exists

Identity Pre-verification: user not created until email has been verified

* Available to both hosted pages and API
* Can add gating manually yourself via API (prevent interactions after login if not verified)
* User doesn’t exist (only Identity does)

<Aside type="note">
    Email Verification and identity pre-verification are not premium features. Both Gating and enforcing pre-verification with Advanced Registration Forms are premium features.
</Aside>

FusionAuth's built-in registration and identity verification flows update the `verified` and `verifiedReason` attributes on a user's registration or on a user identity. You can gate the user (or prevent them from continuing with authentication) based on these attributes when writing your application and integration code.

With paid FusionAuth plans, you can elect to have FusionAuth "gate" your users based on these verification attributes. Gating stops the user from receiving a JWT or essentially completing the authentication workflow. In this flow, FusionAuth enforces a "gate" for a user until they verify their email or phone. Gating happens *after* user creation.

Identity Pre-verification applies the same concept, but user identities must be verified *before* user creation.

## Configure The Tenant Email Server

Log in to the FusionAuth administrative user interface. You could do all of this configuration with the API or kickstart, but for this tutorial you'll use the UI.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Your Tenant</Breadcrumb> and then select the <Breadcrumb>Email</Breadcrumb> tab. Scroll to the <InlineUIElement>SMTP settings</InlineUIElement> section. Configure this with your SMTP server information. If you are testing locally, you can use a mock email server like [mailcatcher](https://mailcatcher.me/).

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/tenant-smtp-settings.png" alt="Tenant SMTP settings" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Ensure a test email is delivered. If you have any issues, follow the steps in the [email troubleshooting documentation](/docs/operate/troubleshooting#troubleshooting-email).

When tested successful, save the configuration.

Follow this guide to learn more on how to [Configure The SMTP Server](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/configure-email)

## Enable Verification For The Email Identity

Enable identity verification in your tenant by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Edit Tenant -> Identities</Breadcrumb> tab with the following steps:

In the <InlineUIElement>Identity verification settings</InlineUIElement> <InlineUIElement>Email</InlineUIElement> section:

* Enable the <InlineField>Verify identity</InlineField> toggle.
* Select the `Email Verification` template in the <InlineField>Verification template</InlineField> dropdown.
* All other fields can be left as default or changed based on your needs.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/identity-pre-verification-default-tenant-identity-email.png" alt="Identity verification settings for Email in the Tenant configuration" width="1200" />

<Aside type="note">
    If you kickstarted your FusionAuth instance, without creating the email templates, they will be missing. Create the default email templates (including the Email Verification template) using [Retrieving Default Templates](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/email-templates-replacement-variables#retrieving-default-templates), then add them in <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Email Templates</Breadcrumb>.
</Aside>

Since there are other scenarios where gating can be applied for existing users, and you need FusionAuth instead of your Application to handle [Gate Accounts Until User Email Verified](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/gate-accounts-until-user-email-verified) ensure that the <InlineField>Unverified behavior</InlineField> value is `Gated`.

## Create An Advanced Registration Form With The Verification Step

Before you can use the email identity pre-verification during registration, you need to create an [Advanced Registration Form](/docs/lifecycle/register-users/advanced-registration-forms) that includes a verification step for the email address field.

<Aside type="note">
    Email address form fields are created by default, but they are not set <InlineUIElement>Required</InlineUIElement> to `true`, which is a prerequisite for the verification step in the Advanced Registration Form if it's the only identity.
</Aside>

First, ensure that a mandatory email address [Form Field](/docs/lifecycle/register-users/advanced-registration-forms#form-fields-and-validation) exists. By navigating to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Form Fields</Breadcrumb> and create a new Form Field with the <InlineField>Field key</InlineField> `user.email` and <InlineUIElement>Required</InlineUIElement> set to `true`, if one does not already exist.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/identity-pre-verification-form-field-user-email-address.png" alt="The Form Field configuration for user.email, set to Required" width="1200" />

<Aside type="caution">
    Email verification only works with the <InlineField>user.email</InlineField> form field. Do not use a custom field (for example, <InlineField>user.primaryEmail</InlineField>) since it is not an identity type.
</Aside>

With the <InlineField>Email address</InlineField> form field available, let's [Create a Form](/docs/lifecycle/register-users/advanced-registration-forms#create-a-form) for email identity verification during registration.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Forms</Breadcrumb> and click <InlineUIElement>Add Form</InlineUIElement> in the upper right. Give the form a <InlineField>Name</InlineField> of `Email Verification`, then add the following components to the form:

* Add the first step by clicking <Breadcrumb>Add Step -> Form Fields</Breadcrumb>.
* Add the field by clicking <Breadcrumb>Add field</Breadcrumb>, selecting the <InlineField>Field</InlineField> `Email address` (the email address field you created earlier), and clicking <InlineUIElement>Submit</InlineUIElement>.
* Add the second step: <Breadcrumb>Add Step -> Verification</Breadcrumb>, selecting <InlineField>Email Verification</InlineField>.
* Always add the password field as the final step: <Breadcrumb>Add Step -> Form Fields</Breadcrumb>, selecting the <InlineField>Field</InlineField> `Password` and clicking <InlineUIElement>Submit</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/identity-pre-verification-form-email-verification.png" alt="The Email Verification form with a verification step" width="1200" />

## Enable Self-Service Registration In Your App

With all the previous steps done, you can now enable Advanced Self-service registration by associating the created Advanced Registration Form with an Application, as described in [Associate a Form With an Application](/docs/lifecycle/register-users/advanced-registration-forms#associate-a-form-with-an-application).

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Your Application -> Registration</Breadcrumb> tab for the Tenant you have enabled Identity verification for.

In the <InlineUIElement>Self-service Registration configuration</InlineUIElement> section:

* Enable the Self-service Registration <InlineField>Enabled</InlineField> toggle.
* Ensure the <InlineField>Registration type</InlineField> is set to `Advanced`.
* Select the earlier created `Email Verification` form in the <InlineField>Advanced Registration Form</InlineField> dropdown.
* Save the application.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/identity-pre-verification-application-registration-self-service-advanced-form-email-verification.png" alt="The Application registration configuration enabling self-service registration with an Advanced Registration Form" width="1200" />

<Aside type="note">
    Application registration verification is deprecated. When using identity pre-verification, do not enable Registration verification. Use Advanced Registration Forms with the Email Verification step instead.
</Aside>

## Test It Out

To test the email identity pre-verification during registration, navigate to the Self-service registration page for your application.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/identity-pre-verification-application-details.png" alt="The Application details page with the Self-service registration URL" width="1200" />

Follow these steps to validate the email identity pre-verification flow:

1. Open your application's Self-service Registration page. You can find a direct link in the <InlineUIElement>OAuth2 & OpenID Connect Integration details</InlineUIElement> on the <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Your Application -> View</Breadcrumb> in the <InlineUIElement>Details</InlineUIElement> page.
2. Enter a valid email address and click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement> to initiate pre-verification.
3. If testing locally, visit MailCatcher at http://localhost:1080/ (or your chosen mock SMTP tool) and open the FusionAuth verification email.
4. Follow the instructions in the email to verify your address. After the successful verification, you will be directed to the last step of setting your password.
5. Once you complete the password step, you will be directed to your application already logged in with a verified email.
6. Confirm the verification status by viewing the user in the admin UI by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Users -> [select user] -> Manage</Breadcrumb>. A verified email displays a green checkmark icon next to the address.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/identity-pre-verification-user-email-verified.png" alt="The User Manage page with the Email verified checkmark icon" width="1200" />

## Common Questions

**Question**: Why is my verification step not showing up in registration?

**Answer**: There are several reasons why this can happen:
1. The tenant the user is created with does not have verification enabled (forms can be shared with multiple tenants, so there is no guarantee, when the form is created, which tenant the form will be used with).
2. If the <InlineField>user.email</InlineField> field is optional and the user chooses not to enter a value, then verification steps for those fields will be skipped.
3. When registration is being completed for an existing user, to an application, verification steps are skipped, because they only apply to new users. For existing users, see [Gate Users Until They Verify Their Email
](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/gate-accounts-until-user-email-verified) for more details.

## Troubleshooting

* No email received
  * Verify the tenant SMTP configuration and send a test message from <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Email</Breadcrumb>.
  * Check your spam/junk folder and any email filtering or allow-listing rules.
* Verification step is missing on the form
  * In <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Identities</Breadcrumb>, confirm <InlineField>Verify identity</InlineField> is enabled for <InlineUIElement>Email</InlineUIElement>.
  * In <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Form Fields</Breadcrumb>, confirm the field key is exactly <InlineField>user.email</InlineField> and it is marked <InlineUIElement>Required</InlineUIElement>.
  * In <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Forms</Breadcrumb>, ensure the form includes the <InlineUIElement>Email Verification</InlineUIElement> step between the email field step and the password step.
  * In <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Registration</Breadcrumb>, confirm <InlineField>Registration type</InlineField> is `Advanced` and the correct form is selected.
  * The verification step only runs for new users. If you are registering an existing user to an additional application, the step will be skipped.
* Verification link expired or invalid
  * Verification links expire after a period of time. Trigger a resend from the UI or re-start the flow to generate a new link, then complete verification promptly.
* Users are not Gated with an unverified email.
  * Identity pre-verification happens before user creation. Email registration gating (post-creation) is a separate feature. See [Gate Accounts Until User Email Verified](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/gate-accounts-until-user-email-verified).
* Local testing tips
  * When testing locally, use a mock SMTP server such as MailCatcher or MailHog and ensure links in the captured messages point to a routable host for your browser.

## How To Use Pre-Verification APIs

You can perform identity pre-verification entirely via API when you are not using hosted pages with Advanced Registration Forms.
* [Start Identity Verification](/docs/apis/identity-verify#start-identity-verification)
* [Send Identity Verification](/docs/apis/identity-verify#send-identity-verification)
* [Complete Identity Verification](/docs/apis/identity-verify#complete-identity-verification)

After you have completed identity verification, create the user by calling one of the following APIs and include the corresponding <InlineField>verificationIds</InlineField> from the [Start Identity Verification](/docs/apis/identity-verify#start-identity-verification) for the verified identity:
* [Create a User](/docs/apis/users#create-a-user)
* [Create a User and Registration Combined](/docs/apis/registrations#create-a-user-and-registration-combined)

Follow the [Identity Pre-Verification Via API](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/identity-pre-verification-via-api) tutorial for more details.

## Next Steps

Now that you've successfully set up email identity pre-verification, take the next steps to fully integrate this functionality into your application:

* Discover how to [modify your theme](/docs/customize/look-and-feel) to make the email verification pages look like your application.
* Learn more about [email/message templates](/docs/customize/email-and-messages) and how to customize them.

# Identity Pre-Verification Using Phone Verification Form

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';

As of version `1.62.0`, FusionAuth can be configured to pre-verify users' identities, in the registration process, before user creation.

To enable pre-verification, do the following:

* Create or configure a Messenger
* Enable verification for the identity type(s) on the tenant
* Create an advanced registration form with the verification step
* Enable self-service registration in your app

## Prerequisites

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

* FusionAuth version 1.62.0 or greater. If you already have a FusionAuth instance, see the [upgrade guide](/docs/operate/deploy/upgrade). To set up your own instance, see the [installation guide](/docs/get-started/download-and-install).

* A licensed paid plan. To buy a plan, visit the [pricing page](/pricing). To activate your instance, visit the [Reactor page](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/licensing).

### Difference Between Verification, Gating, And Identity Pre-Verification

Verification: user created, attributes updated on user or identity

* Available to both hosted pages (Self-service registration Advanced forms) and API
* No automatic gating you must handle in your application code
* User already exists

Gating: hosted page concept, only enforced on hosted pages

* If you change your email, you won’t run into the gating until you log in again
* Available on hosted pages (Self-service registration Advanced forms) and Self-service registration Basic
* User already exists

Identity Pre-verification: user not created until phone has been verified

* Available to both hosted pages and API
* Can add gating manually yourself via API (prevent interactions after login if not verified)
* User doesn’t exist (only Identity does)

<Aside type="note">
    Phone Verification and identity pre-verification are not premium features. Both Gating and enforcing pre-verification with Advanced Registration Forms are premium features.
</Aside>

FusionAuth's built-in registration and identity verification flows update the `verified` and `verifiedReason` attributes on a user's registration or on a user identity. You can gate the user (or prevent them from continuing with authentication) based on these attributes when writing your application and integration code.

With paid FusionAuth plans, you can elect to have FusionAuth "gate" your users based on these verification attributes. Gating stops the user from receiving a JWT or essentially completing the authentication workflow. In this flow, FusionAuth enforces a "gate" for a user until they verify their phone or email. Gating happens *after* user creation.

Identity Pre-verification applies the same concept, but user identities must be verified *before* user creation.

## Create Or Configure A Messenger

Log in to the FusionAuth administrative user interface. You could do all of this configuration with the API or kickstart, but for this tutorial you'll use the UI.

We are using Twilio as an SMS service in this example. To set up the [Messenger](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/messengers) that will be used to send the SMS verification codes, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Messengers</Breadcrumb>. Click <InlineUIElement>Add Twilio Messenger</InlineUIElement> from the dropdown in the upper right, and configure it using your Twilio account information as described in the [Twilio messenger](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/twilio-messenger) documentation.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/identity-pre-verification-settings-messengers-twilio.png" alt="Twilio messenger configuration in FusionAuth" width="1200" />

Enter your Twilio credentials (Account SID, Auth Token) and either a Messaging Service SID or From Number, then click <InlineUIElement>Save</InlineUIElement>.

<Aside type="note">
    Enter phone numbers in E.164 format (for example, +18559728742).

    Twilio trial accounts can only send to verified recipient numbers and may restrict sender IDs by region. Ensure your From Number or Messaging Service is SMS-enabled for the destination country, and that geo-permissions are enabled in your Twilio console.
</Aside>

## Enable Verification For The Phone Identity

Enable identity verification in your tenant by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Edit Tenant -> Identities</Breadcrumb> tab with the following steps:

In the <InlineUIElement>Messaging settings</InlineUIElement> section:

* Select your earlier created Twilio messenger configuration in the <InlineField>Phone</InlineField> dropdown.

In the <InlineUIElement>Identity verification settings</InlineUIElement> <InlineUIElement>Phone</InlineUIElement> section:

* Enable the <InlineField>Verify identity</InlineField> toggle.
* Select the `Phone Verification` template in the <InlineField>Verification template</InlineField> dropdown.
* Set the <InlineField>Unverified behavior</InlineField> to `Gated` (other values will be invalid).
* All other fields can be left as default or changed based on your needs.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/identity-pre-verification-default-tenant-identity-phone.png" alt="Identity verification settings for Phone in the Tenant configuration" width="1200" />

<Aside type="note">
    If you kickstarted your FusionAuth instance, without creating the message templates, they will be missing. Create the default message templates (including the Phone Verification template) using [Retrieving Default Templates](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/message-templates-replacement-variables#retrieving-default-templates), then add them in <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Message Templates</Breadcrumb>.
</Aside>

Since there are other scenarios where gating can be applied for existing users, and you need FusionAuth instead of your Application to handle [Gate Accounts Until User Phone Verified](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/gate-accounts-until-user-phone-verified) ensure that the <InlineField>Unverified behavior</InlineField> value is `Gated`.

## Create An Advanced Registration Form With The Verification Step

Before you can use the phone identity pre-verification during registration, you need to create an [Advanced Registration Form](/docs/lifecycle/register-users/advanced-registration-forms) that includes a verification step for the phone number field.

<Aside type="note">
    Phone number form fields are created by default, but they are not set <InlineUIElement>Required</InlineUIElement> to `true`, which is a prerequisite for the verification step in the Advanced Registration Form if it's the only identity.
</Aside>

First, ensure that a mandatory phone number [Form Field](/docs/lifecycle/register-users/advanced-registration-forms#form-fields-and-validation) exists. By navigating to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Form Fields</Breadcrumb> and create a new Form Field with the <InlineField>Field key</InlineField> `user.phoneNumber` and <InlineUIElement>Required</InlineUIElement> set to `true`, if one does not already exist.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/identity-pre-verification-form-field-user-phone-number.png" alt="The Form Field configuration for user.phoneNumber, set to Required" width="1200" />

<Aside type="note">
    <InlineField>phoneNumber</InlineField> can be any valid phone number (in E.164, national, or international format) and FusionAuth will canonicalize the value. If no country code is provided, a US/NANP country code of 1 is assumed.
</Aside>

<Aside type="caution">
    Phone verification only works with the <InlineField>user.phoneNumber</InlineField> form field. Do not use <InlineField>user.mobilePhone</InlineField> or a custom field (for example, <InlineField>user.primaryPhone</InlineField>) since it is not an identity type.
</Aside>

With the <InlineField>Phone number</InlineField> form field available, let's [Create a Form](/docs/lifecycle/register-users/advanced-registration-forms#create-a-form) for phone identity verification during registration.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Forms</Breadcrumb> and click <InlineUIElement>Add Form</InlineUIElement> in the upper right. Give the form a <InlineField>Name</InlineField> of `Phone Verification`, then add the following components to the form:

* Add the first step by clicking <Breadcrumb>Add Step -> Form Fields</Breadcrumb>.
* Add the field by clicking <Breadcrumb>Add field</Breadcrumb>, selecting the <InlineField>Field</InlineField> `Phone number` (the phone number field you created earlier), and clicking <InlineUIElement>Submit</InlineUIElement>.
* Add the second step: <Breadcrumb>Add Step -> Verification</Breadcrumb>, selecting <InlineField>Phone Verification</InlineField>.
* Always add the password field as the final step: <Breadcrumb>Add Step -> Form Fields</Breadcrumb>, selecting the <InlineField>Field</InlineField> `Password` and clicking <InlineUIElement>Submit</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/identity-pre-verification-form-phone-verification.png" alt="The Phone Verification form with a verification step" width="1200" />

## Enable Self-Service Registration In Your App

With all the previous steps done, you can now enable Advanced Self-service registration by associating the created Advanced Registration Form with an Application, as described in [Associate a Form With an Application](/docs/lifecycle/register-users/advanced-registration-forms#associate-a-form-with-an-application).

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Your Application -> Registration</Breadcrumb> tab for the Tenant you have enabled Identity verification for.

In the <InlineUIElement>Self-service Registration configuration</InlineUIElement> section:

* Enable the Self-service Registration <InlineField>Enabled</InlineField> toggle.
* Ensure the <InlineField>Registration type</InlineField> is set to `Advanced`.
* Select the earlier created `Phone Verification` form in the <InlineField>Advanced Registration Form</InlineField> dropdown.
* Save the application.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/identity-pre-verification-application-registration-self-service-advanced-form-phone-verification.png" alt="The Application registration configuration enabling self-service registration with an Advanced Registration Form" width="1200" />

<Aside type="note">
    Application registration verification is deprecated. When using identity pre-verification, do not enable Registration verification. Use Advanced Registration Forms with the Phone Verification step instead.
</Aside>

## Test It Out

To test the phone identity pre-verification during registration, navigate to the Self-service registration page for your application.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/identity-pre-verification-application-details.png" alt="The Application details page with the Self-service registration URL" width="1200" />

Follow these steps to validate the phone identity pre-verification flow:

1. Open your application's Self-service Registration page. You can find a direct link in the <InlineUIElement>OAuth2 & OpenID Connect Integration details</InlineUIElement> on the <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Your Application -> View</Breadcrumb> in the <InlineUIElement>Details</InlineUIElement> page.
2. Enter a valid phone number and click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement> to initiate pre-verification.
3. You will receive a verification SMS. If using the `FormField` strategy, enter the code into the form. If using `ClickableLink`, follow the link from the SMS.
4. Complete the verification. After the successful verification, you will be directed to the last step of setting your password.
5. Once you complete the password step, you will be directed to your application already logged in with a verified phone.
6. Confirm the verification status by viewing the user in the admin UI by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Users -> [select user] -> Manage</Breadcrumb>. A verified phone number displays a green checkmark icon next to the number.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/identity-pre-verification-user-phoneNumber-verified.png" alt="The User Manage page with the Phone verified checkmark icon" width="1200" />

## Common Questions

**Question**: Why is my verification step not showing up in registration?

**Answer**: There are several reasons why this can happen:
1. The tenant the user is created with does not have verification enabled (forms can be shared with multiple tenants, so there is no guarantee, when the form is created, which tenant the form will be used with).
2. If the <InlineField>user.phoneNumber</InlineField> field is optional and the user chooses not to enter a value, then verification steps for those fields will be skipped.
3. When registration is being completed for an existing user, to an application, verification steps are skipped because they only apply to new users. For existing users, see [Gate Users Until They Verify Their Phone Number
](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/gate-accounts-until-user-phone-verified) for more details.

## Troubleshooting

* No SMS received
  * Verify the Twilio messenger is selected for <InlineField>Phone</InlineField> in <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Identities</Breadcrumb> under <InlineUIElement>Messaging settings</InlineUIElement>.
  * In <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Messengers</Breadcrumb>, confirm your Twilio credentials (Account SID, Auth Token) are correct and you have a valid From Number or Messaging Service SID.
  * Check Twilio message logs for delivery errors (for example, invalid phone number, geo-permissions, or carrier filtering).
  * Ensure the destination number is in E.164 format and that your sender (number or service) is SMS-enabled for the destination country.
* Verification step is missing on the form
  * In <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Identities</Breadcrumb>, confirm <InlineField>Verify identity</InlineField> is enabled for <InlineUIElement>Phone</InlineUIElement>.
  * In <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Form Fields</Breadcrumb>, confirm the field key is exactly <InlineField>user.phoneNumber</InlineField> and it is marked <InlineUIElement>Required</InlineUIElement>.
  * In <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Forms</Breadcrumb>, ensure the form includes the <InlineUIElement>Phone Verification</InlineUIElement> step between the phone number field step and the password step.
  * In <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Registration</Breadcrumb>, confirm <InlineField>Registration type</InlineField> is `Advanced` and the correct form is selected.
  * The verification step only runs for new users. If you are registering an existing user to an additional application, the step will be skipped.
* Code not accepted or expired
  * Verification codes expire after a period of time. Request a new code and complete verification promptly.
  * Avoid requesting too many codes in a short time; carriers and Twilio may rate-limit or filter repeated messages.
* Users are not Gated with an unverified phone.
  * Identity pre-verification happens before user creation. Phone registration gating (post-creation) is a separate feature. See [Gate Accounts Until User Phone Verified](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/gate-accounts-until-user-phone-verified).
* Local testing tips
  * When testing with a Twilio trial account, add your recipient numbers as verified callers in Twilio. For production testing, use a paid account and numbers that are SMS-enabled for your target countries.

## How To Use Pre-Verification APIs

You can perform identity pre-verification entirely via API when you are not using hosted pages with Advanced Registration Forms.
* [Start Identity Verification](/docs/apis/identity-verify#start-identity-verification)
* [Send Identity Verification](/docs/apis/identity-verify#send-identity-verification)
* [Complete Identity Verification](/docs/apis/identity-verify#complete-identity-verification)

After you have completed identity verification, create the user by calling one of the following APIs and include the corresponding <InlineField>verificationIds</InlineField> from the [Start Identity Verification](/docs/apis/identity-verify#start-identity-verification) for the verified identity:
* [Create a User](/docs/apis/users#create-a-user)
* [Create a User and Registration Combined](/docs/apis/registrations#create-a-user-and-registration-combined)

Follow the [Identity Pre-Verification Via API](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/identity-pre-verification-via-api) tutorial for more details.

## Next Steps

Now that you've successfully set up phone identity pre-verification, take the next steps to fully integrate this functionality into your application:

* Discover how to [modify your theme](/docs/customize/look-and-feel) to make the phone verification pages look like your application.
* Learn more about [email/message templates](/docs/customize/email-and-messages) and how to customize them.

# Identity Pre-Verification Via API

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';

This guide shows how to verify a user's email or phone identity using FusionAuth APIs only, without hosted pages and Advanced Registration Forms. You will:

1. Start an identity verification flow
2. Optionally send a code to the user
3. Complete verification with the code (or via clickable link)
4. Create the user using the returned verificationId

If you're looking for the hosted pages version with Advanced Registration Forms, see:

* [Identity Pre-Verification Using Email](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/identity-pre-verification-using-email)
* [Identity Pre-Verification Using Phone](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/identity-pre-verification-using-phone)

## Prerequisites

Before you begin, ensure your environment meets these requirements. This guide assumes you are running FusionAuth version 1.62.0 or greater. If you aren't, head on over to the [installation guide](/docs/get-started/download-and-install) or the [upgrade guide](/docs/operate/deploy/upgrade) to update to a version with support for this feature.

<Aside type="note">
  Email/Phone Verification and identity pre-verification are not premium features; however, enforcing pre-verification with Advanced Registration Forms as well as Gating is.
  If you are following this guide implementing pre-verification entirely via API, you can still build equivalent gating in your application logic.
  See the [hosted pages](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/hosted-login-vs-api-login#hosted-login-pages) guides if you prefer FusionAuth to enforce gating for you.
</Aside>

## General Flow

Identity pre-verification follows these steps:

1. Start Verification Flow
   * POST /api/identity/verify/start
   * Provide the identity value in <InlineField>loginId</InlineField> and the type in <InlineField>loginIdType</InlineField> (`email` or `phoneNumber`).
   * For pre-verifying identities before user creation, set <InlineField>existingUserStrategy</InlineField> to `mustNotExist`.
   * The response includes a <InlineField>verificationId</InlineField> and may include a <InlineField>oneTimeCode</InlineField> if using the `FormField` strategy.

2. Send Code (optional)
   * POST /api/identity/verify/send
   * Provide the <InlineField>verificationId</InlineField>. Use this if you want FusionAuth to send the email or SMS containing the code or clickable link.

3. Complete Verification
   * POST /api/identity/verify/complete
   * Provide the <InlineField>verificationId</InlineField> and, if using the `FormField` strategy, the <InlineField>oneTimeCode</InlineField>.
   * If the strategy is `ClickableLink`, you can validate using just the <InlineField>verificationId</InlineField> (the user clicks the link).

4. Create the User
   * POST /api/user or /api/user/registration
   * Include the <InlineField>verificationIds</InlineField> array from step 1 associated with the verified identity.

<Aside type="note">
  <InlineField>existingUserStrategy</InlineField> values are lowercase: `mustExist` and `mustNotExist`.

  The default <InlineField>verificationStrategy</InlineField> depends on your tenant configuration:
  
  - email: `tenant.emailConfiguration.verificationStrategy`
  - phone: `tenant.phoneConfiguration.verificationStrategy`

  Both are set to either `ClickableLink` or `FormField`.

  For full details, see the [Identity Verify API](/docs/apis/identity-verify).
</Aside>

## Executing Flow Using Postman

Use these Postman examples to try each step of the API-only flow in a local or test environment.

These examples assume a local FusionAuth instance at http://localhost:9011 and that you're sending an [API key in the headers](/docs/apis/authentication) as required by your configuration. Adjust host, tenant header, and authorization to match your environment.

### 1. Start Verification Flow

Start by creating a verification to obtain a `verificationId` and, if processed in one step, a `oneTimeCode`.

* URL: http://localhost:9011/api/identity/verify/start
* Method: POST
* Body:
  ```json
  {
    "existingUserStrategy": "mustNotExist",
    "loginId": "testuser20@example.com",
    "loginIdType": "email"
  }
  ```

Example result:

```json
{
  "oneTimeCode": "ZLB632",
  "verificationId": "eIXDJDjMYOrcAEPDHdlnzVGIXE1kzjogdiJDBZLLxJg"
}
```

<Aside type="note">
  <InlineField>existingUserStrategy</InlineField> can be `mustNotExist` or `mustExist`.
  The default <InlineField>verificationStrategy</InlineField> comes from the tenant settings and may be `FormField` or `ClickableLink`.
</Aside>

For complete parameter and response details, refer to [Start Identity Verification](/docs/apis/identity-verify#start-identity-verification).

### 2. Send Code (optional)

Optionally have FusionAuth deliver the verification code or clickable link to the user. If you already received a <InlineField>oneTimeCode</InlineField> from Start and have another method to deliver it to the user, you may skip sending.

* URL: http://localhost:9011/api/identity/verify/send
* Method: POST
* Body:
  ```json
  {
    "verificationId": "eIXDJDjMYOrcAEPDHdlnzVGIXE1kzjogdiJDBZLLxJg"
  }
  ```

Example result: HTTP 200 with an empty body.

<Aside type="note">
  If you want FusionAuth to send the email or SMS message, call this endpoint to deliver the code or clickable link. Before calling this endpoint, configure the prerequisite email server and messenger settings:
  * [Email servers](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/configure-email)
  * [Messengers](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/messengers)
</Aside>

For complete parameter and response details, refer to [Send Identity Verification](/docs/apis/identity-verify#send-identity-verification)

### 3. Complete Verification

Confirm the user's control of the email address or phone number using the `verificationId` and, if required, the `oneTimeCode`.

* URL: http://localhost:9011/api/identity/verify/complete
* Method: POST
* Body (FormField strategy):
  ```json
  {
    "verificationId": "eIXDJDjMYOrcAEPDHdlnzVGIXE1kzjogdiJDBZLLxJg",
    "oneTimeCode": "ZLB632"
  }
  ```

Example result:

```json
{}
```

<Aside type="note">
  If the <InlineField>verificationStrategy</InlineField> is `ClickableLink`, completing can be done when the user clicks the link sent to them. In that case, completing with just the <InlineField>verificationId</InlineField> will validate the user.
</Aside>

For complete parameter and response details, refer to [Complete Identity Verification](/docs/apis/identity-verify#complete-identity-verification)

### 4. Create the User

Create the user and associate the verified identity using the `verificationIds` from the previous steps.

* URL: http://localhost:9011/api/user
* Method: POST
* Body:
  ```json
  {
    "verificationIds": [
      "eIXDJDjMYOrcAEPDHdlnzVGIXE1kzjogdiJDBZLLxJg"
    ]
  }
  ```

Example result: user object where the corresponding identity is marked `verified: true`.

<Aside type="note">
  For complete parameter and response details, refer to [Create a User](/docs/apis/users#create-a-user)
</Aside>

Alternatively, you can create the user and registration in a single API call: [Create a User and Registration Combined](/docs/apis/registrations#create-a-user-and-registration-combined)

## Test It Out

Validate the outcome in the FusionAuth admin UI.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/identity-pre-verification-application-details.png" alt="The Application details page with the Self-service registration URL" width="1200" />

You can validate the email or phone verification status by viewing the user in the admin UI by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Users -> [select user] -> Manage</Breadcrumb>. A verified email address or phone number displays a green checkmark icon next to the address.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/identity-pre-verification-user-email-and-phoneNumber-verified.png" alt="Identity verification settings for Email and Phone in the Tenant configuration" width="1200" />

## Tips and Caveats

Keep the following practical tips and edge cases in mind as you implement this flow.

* Use `mustNotExist` when verifying identities before creating users; use `mustExist` to verify an identity for an existing user.
* If you choose `FormField`, plan for collecting and submitting the code from the user. If you choose `ClickableLink`, ensure the link is routable for the user and that your tenant/application templates are configured.
* For email, ensure your tenant SMTP settings are configured. For phone, ensure a messenger (for example, Twilio) is configured if you plan to call the Send API.
* If you are running multiple tenants, include the `X-FusionAuth-TenantId` header or provide `applicationId` as appropriate. See the API docs for scoping details.

For complete parameter and response details, refer to the Identity Verify API docs:

* [Start Identity Verification](/docs/apis/identity-verify#start-identity-verification)
* [Send Identity Verification](/docs/apis/identity-verify#send-identity-verification)
* [Complete Identity Verification](/docs/apis/identity-verify#complete-identity-verification)

## Next Steps

Now that you've successfully set up identity pre-verification, refine your verification experience with the following customization:

* [Customize email templates](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/email-templates-replacement-variables)
* [Customize message templates](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/message-templates-replacement-variables)

# Registration-based Email Verification

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import DeprecatedSince from 'src/components/api/DeprecatedSince.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

<Aside type="caution">
  <DeprecatedSince since="1.59.0">
    The registration verification feature will be removed in a future version of FusionAuth.
  </DeprecatedSince>
</Aside>

FusionAuth provides an email verification flow out of the box. It is an email sent to the user with a link that contains a verification code. When the user clicks on the link, the verification code is checked against the database. If the code is correct, the user's email is marked as verified.

This feature requires that you have an email server available with SMTP support. You can use your own hosted SMTP server, or a third-party SMTP provider such as Amazon SES or SendGrid.

<Aside type="caution">
This document covers setting up verification of users' email based on the application they are registering for. Often you are running multiple applications and some require email verification and others do not.

If you want every user in a tenant to verify their email address or phone number, you can configure this behavior at the tenant level rather than the application level.

Many of the principles are the same, but different templates can be used.
</Aside>

* [Configure the Tenant Email Server](#configure-the-tenant-email-server)
* [Configuring Registration Verification Settings](#configuring-registration-verification-settings)
* [View a User's Verification Status](#view-a-users-verification-status)

## Configure the Tenant Email Server

To send emails, you will need to configure SMTP email server credentials for your tenant. Log in to the FusionAuth administrative user interface.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Your Tenant</Breadcrumb> and then select the <Breadcrumb>Email</Breadcrumb> tab. Scroll to the <InlineUIElement>SMTP settings</InlineUIElement> section. Configure this with your SMTP server information. If you are testing locally, you can use a mock email server like [MailCatcher](https://mailcatcher.me/).

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/tenant-smtp-settings.png" alt="Tenant SMTP settings" width="1200" />

Ensure a test email is delivered. If you have any issues, follow the steps in the [email troubleshooting documentation](/docs/operate/troubleshooting#troubleshooting-email).

You can learn more about the various settings in [the Tenant documentation as well](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenants#email).

Save the configuration.

## Configuring Registration Verification Settings

You can configure additional settings around registration verification in the application you set up for registrations. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Your Application</Breadcrumb> and then select the <Breadcrumb>Registration</Breadcrumb> tab. Scroll up to the <InlineUIElement>Registration Verification Settings</InlineUIElement> section, just above the <InlineUIElement>Registration Fields</InlineUIElement> section.

Here you can specify if a registration verification email should be sent to the user. Toggling the <InlineField>Verify registrations</InlineField> switch on will reveal some further options.

You can choose the email template to send for registration verification. Choose the "Email Verification" template.

For the <InlineField>Verification Strategy</InlineField> option, you can choose to send a link in the verification email to the user, or to send a short code that they can type into the registration form to verify their account.

If you choose to send a short code, you must also set the "Unverified behavior" option to "Gated". Note that the "Gated" behavior option, and thus the short code option, is only available with a valid license key. Please visit [our pricing page](/pricing) to review paid plan options and buy a license.

Your verification settings should now look like this:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/registration-verification-settings.png" alt="Registration Verification Settings" width="1200" />

Save all changes to the application.

## View a User's Verification Status

Navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb> page. Click the <InlineUIElement>Manage User</InlineUIElement> button to the right of a list entry to view the user's details. A green checkmark will show next to the user's email address if it has been verified.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/after-verification.png" alt="New user listing" width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />

<Aside type="note">
  This shows the the verification status of the user at the tenant level, not the registration level.
</Aside>

# Gate Users Application Registration

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import CommonQuestionsGating from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/_common-questions-gating.mdx';
import TroubleshootingGating from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/_troubleshooting-gating.mdx';

## Overview

As of version `1.27.0`, FusionAuth can be configured to gate users' accounts until they verify by clicking a link allowing them into an application. While users successfully authenticate, they won't be able to proceed further until they have verified their registration via email.

<Aside type="note">
Version `1.59.0` deprecated registration verification. This feature will be removed in a future version of FusionAuth.
</Aside>

### Why Do I Need This?

<Aside type="note">
Make sure you select the correct gating strategy that makes the most sense for your application. Most people will only require email verification gating.
</Aside>

Most folks will find email verification gating sufficient for their business needs (see adjacent tutorial [here](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/gate-accounts-until-user-email-verified)). In this email verification workflow, we are simply checking that a user's email is real and fully owned by the user.

In registration verification, the use case is slightly different. A `jared@piedpiper.com` user might have access to `Not-Hotdog` and `PiperChat`. These applications are both part of the same parent company, PiedPiper. However, PiedPiper requires separate registration verification to allow access to both `Not-Hotdog` and `PiperChat` through the same email account. This registration verification is a concrete, separate step that the user must engage in by clicking a link or entering a code (sent via email).

Without this verification step, users may find it alarming their logins (`jared@piedpiper.com`) work for both `Not-Hotdog` and `PiperChat` (without their express consent, especially if they did not know about the parent company relationship). Furthermore, this user, `jared@piedpiper`, by completing verification, is proving they own the email address used to register for both applications.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/application-registration-piedpiper.png" alt="Piper Web" width="600" role="custom" />

## Prerequisites

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

This tutorial assumes you are running FusionAuth version 1.27.0 or greater. If you aren't, head on over to the [installation guide](/docs/get-started/download-and-install) or the [upgrade guide](/docs/operate/deploy/upgrade) to update to a version with support for this feature.

This tutorial also assumes you have a paid plan and a valid license. If you need to buy a plan, please visit the [pricing page](/pricing). If you need to activate your instance, please visit the [Reactor page](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/licensing).

### Gating vs Verification

<Aside type="note">
Email Verification and Application Registration Verification are not premium features, however, gating is. Gating stops the user from receiving a JWT or essentially authenticating any further. FusionAuth is enforcing a "gate" around a user until they verify their email/phone.
</Aside>

FusionAuth ships with registration verification and email verification flows. These verification flows toggle an attribute (`verified`) on a user object and on a registration array (for a user). As a developer, you have the option to gate the user (or prevent from "continuing" auth) based on these attributes when writing your application and integration code.

However, with paid plan of FusionAuth, you can elect to have _FusionAuth_ "gate" your users based on these verification attributes. Gating in this sense, would prevent the user from authenticating further or obtaining a JWT and _would be enforced by the FusionAuth User Interface_.

### To Enable

To enable registration verification gating, do the following:

- Configure the tenant with your email server.
- Configure the application to enable registration gating.
- Optionally customize the registration verification template. FusionAuth ships with a default template.
- Enable self-service registration.
- Configure your application with a redirect URL.

Let's step through each of these, but first, there are some required prerequisites.

## Configure the Tenant Email Server

Log in to the FusionAuth administrative user interface. You could do all of this configuration with the API or kickstart, but for this tutorial, you'll use the UI.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Your Tenant</Breadcrumb> and then select the <Breadcrumb>Email</Breadcrumb> tab. Scroll to the <InlineUIElement>SMTP settings</InlineUIElement> section. Configure this with your SMTP server information. If you are testing locally, you can use a mock email server like [mailcatcher](https://mailcatcher.me/).

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/tenant-smtp-settings.png" alt="Tenant SMTP settings" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Ensure a test email is delivered. If you have any issues, follow the steps in the [email troubleshooting documentation](/docs/operate/troubleshooting#troubleshooting-email).

Save the configuration.

## Enable Registration Verification Gating

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Your Application</Breadcrumb> and then select the <Breadcrumb>Registration</Breadcrumb> tab. Scroll to the <InlineUIElement>Registration verification settings</InlineUIElement> section.

- Enable <InlineField>Verify registrations</InlineField>.
- Choose your email template. The default template is `Registration verification`, and that will work fine for this tutorial.
- Update the <InlineField>Verification strategy</InlineField>. This can be either `ClickableLink` or `FormField`. The former sends an email with a link to verify the user's address and intent to register for your application. The latter emails a code which the user will provide to FusionAuth. For this tutorial, use `ClickableLink`.
- Ensure that the <InlineField>Unverified behavior</InlineField> value is `Gated`.

After these steps, you should end up with a configuration screen that looks like this:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/application-registration-verification-settings.png" alt="Application registration verification settings" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Lastly, enable self service registration and configure the displayed and required fields as desired.

<Aside type="note">
You can create a user with an unverified registration in other ways than self service registration. However, self service registration is the simplest way to create a user without a verified registration.
</Aside>

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/application-enable-self-registration.png" alt="Enabling application self registration" width="1200" />

Make sure you save the configuration.

Next, navigate to the <Breadcrumb>OAuth</Breadcrumb> tab. Enable the `Authorization Code` grant.

In addition, ensure you have entered a valid URL in the <InlineField>Authorized redirect URLs</InlineField> field. (The value of this redirect URL doesn't matter for this tutorial. But for production use, ensure the code at that endpoint can exchange an authorization code for a token.)

Save the application configuration. You'll be returned to the list of applications.

Click on the <InlineUIElement>View</InlineUIElement> button of your application to see the details of your application.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/view-application-details.png" alt="View application details to see the relevant URLs" width="1200" />

Look for the <InlineField>Registration URL</InlineField>. It'll be something like `https://local.fusionauth.io/oauth2/register?client_id=85a03867-dccf-4882-adde-1a79aeec50df&response_type=code&redirect_uri=http%3A%2F%2Flocalhost%3A3000%2Foauth-redirect`. Copy that value as you'll use it below.

At the same time, find the <InlineField>OAuth IdP login URL</InlineField>, and copy that as well.

## Customize the Registration Verification Template

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Email Templates</Breadcrumb>. Edit the `Registration Verification` template by clicking on the blue <InlineUIElement>Edit</InlineUIElement> button.

Modify the HTML and text templates as desired and then save them. You can also localize the messages.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/registration-template-customization.png" alt="Customizing the registration verification email template" width="1200" />

## Test It Out

Now, test out the functionality. Register a new account. Make sure to use a different browser or incognito mode so that the admin account you logged in with while configuring FusionAuth doesn't interfere with new user registration.

Visit the registration URL copied above. You'll be prompted to register. Fill out the form with a valid email address. After registration is complete, you'll receive an email prompting you to verify the registration.

Here is the email in the mailcatcher user interface:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/verification-registration-email-mailcatcher.png" alt="Verification registration in mailcatcher" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

This user account will be gated and unable to completely log in if you have not verified the registration through email. In your browser where you registered, you'll see a page similar to below:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/registration-verification-gate-screen-clickable-link.png" alt="Clickable link default registration verification gate screen" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

To test the gating, open a different browser (not a window, but an entirely different browser) and visit the login URL copied above. Enter the email and password for the user you just registered.

You'll be sent to the same registration verification gate page.

No matter which API or hosted login page you use, no JWT will be issued until the user registration has been verified. The user will continue to see the verification prompt when they log in until then.

If an API is being used to authenticate the user, the API will return a status code indicating registration verification has not yet occurred. Please see the [Login API](/docs/apis/login) for more details.

If you view the user in the administrative user interface and click on the <Breadcrumb>source</Breadcrumb> tab you should see the following attributes on the user.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/unverified-user-registration-details-screen.png" alt="Unverified user details screen" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Once you have verified the email address by clicking on the link, you can now log in and will be sent to the configured redirect URL.

## The User Object

The user object changes before, during, and after the registration verification occurs. Let's look at the JSON.

If a user is created and registration verification is disabled, the verified attribute of the registration object will be true. This is because FusionAuth treats all users as having verified registration (via email) when registration verification is disabled.

<JSON title="Registrations Array Showing Verification Set To true/off JSON" src="registration-gate/user-registration-verification-turned-off-initially.json" />

If a user is created and registration verification is enabled, the verified attribute of the registration object will be false.

<JSON title="Registrations Array Showing Verification Set To false/on JSON" src="registration-gate/user-registration-verification-turned-on-initially.json" />

Naturally, this attribute will be `true` once the user verifies their application registration.

<Aside type="note">
Users imported through the Import API will have whatever attributes are initially imported regardless of verification or gate settings.
</Aside>


## Common Questions

<CommonQuestionsGating />

## Troubleshooting Email and Registration Verification

<TroubleshootingGating />

## Next Steps

Now that you've successfully set up gated registration verification, take the next steps to integrate this functionality into your application:

- Discover how to [modify your theme](/docs/customize/look-and-feel) to make the gate pages look like your application.
- Learn more about [email templates](/docs/customize/email-and-messages) and how to customize them.
- Have the user submit a passcode rather than click a link. With this option, the user will be prompted with a screen similar to the below image.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/registration-verification-gate-screen-code-entry.png" alt="Code entry default registration gate screen" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

# FusionAuth Connector

The FusionAuth Connector is the default Connector. This Connector accesses the FusionAuth user datastore to authenticate a user. 

It is always present and cannot be deleted. Only the name of this Connector can be modified. It will always have the UUID of `e3306678-a53a-4964-9040-1c96f36dda72`.
 
This Connector applies to every domain, but can be applied first, last or in any other position, as configured in the Connector policy for a tenant.

# Generic Connector

import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import StandardPostResponseCodes from 'src/content/docs/apis/_standard-post-response-codes.astro';
import SystemOfRecordCaveat from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors/_system-of-record-caveat.mdx';
import SecuringHttpRequests from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_securing_http_requests.mdx';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

Generic Connectors allow you to authenticate users against or migrate them from any user datasource accessible over HTTP or TLS.

## Configuration

![The Generic Connector creation page.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors/generic-connector.png)

### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Id" optional>
    An optional UUID. When this value is omitted a unique Id will be generated automatically.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Name" required>
    A unique name to identify the Connector. This name is for display purposes only and it can be modified later if desired.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Authentication URL" required>
    The fully qualified URL of the API endpoint. The connector will send an HTTP POST request to this URL to authenticate the user. The format returned will be identical to the [Login API](/docs/apis/login). See the [response section](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors/generic-connector#response) for status codes accepted by FusionAuth from your connector.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Connect timeout" required>
    The connect timeout in milliseconds, used when making the POST request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Read timeout" required>
    The read timeout in milliseconds, used when making the POST request.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Debug enabled" optional>
    Enable debug to create an event log to assist you in debugging integration errors.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Security

The security settings may be used to require authentication in order to make the POST request to the authentication endpoint.

![The Generic Connector security section.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors/generic-connector-security.png)

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Basic auth username" optional>
    The username to be used for HTTP Basic Authentication.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Basic auth password" optional>
    The password to be used for HTTP Basic Authentication.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Certificate" optional>
    The SSL certificate to be used when connecting to the POST endpoint.

    If you need to add a certificate for use with this connector, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Key Master</Breadcrumb> and import a certificate. The certificate will then be shown as an option in this form control.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### Headers

You can configure arbitrary headers to be added to the HTTP POST request when making a request to the configured authentication endpoint.

![The Generic Connector headers section.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors/generic-connector-header.png)

#### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Name">
    The name of the header to add to the HTTP request when authenticating.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Value">
    The header value to add to the HTTP request when authenticating.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


## Using the Generic Connector

To use a Generic Connector:

* Build a Generic Connector API endpoint in your application to expose your user data.
* Configure the Connector in <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Connectors</Breadcrumb>, including securing the endpoint.
* Add the Connector Policy in <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Your Tenant -> Connectors</Breadcrumb> to configure to which domains the connector applies.

### Request

The request to your API endpoint will be delivered as JSON:

<JSON title="Example Request JSON" src="login/request.json" />

Your application will then look up the user and verify the correct credentials were provided. Then you can return the response.

### Response

Your API should return a valid FusionAuth `user` object with status code `200` if the user is found and authenticated.

While you may return any of the attributes of the user object, including nested objects such as application registrations with roles, only the required ones must be present. The only other status code FusionAuth will accept from your connector is a `404`.

<Aside type="caution">
A valid user object must be returned with a FusionAuth compatible UUID in the <InlineField>user.id</InlineField>. This is a requirement whether you are [authenticating but not migrating a user](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors/#required-fields) or [migrating a user](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors/#required-fields-1).

When you are authenticating but not migrating a user, the <InlineField>user.id</InlineField> must be the same across subsequent logins.
</Aside>

If the user cannot be authenticated, then you should return a `404`.

{/*  The only thing returned is a `200` or a `404` status code. */}

<StandardPostResponseCodes never_search_error missing_message="To prevent enumeration attacks, a 404 is returned for any non 200 status code returned from your connector." omit_internal_error omit_missing_header omit_error_malformed />

<JSON title="Example Successful Response JSON" src="users/login-migrated-response.json" />

### Using the Generic Connector as the System of Record

<SystemOfRecordCaveat system_of_record="backing database accessed via API" />

The correct way to maintain these attributes is to store them in the backing database, query them when the API is called, and deliver them as part of the User JSON object.

## Security

<SecuringHttpRequests request_entity="Generic Connector API endpoint" request_entity_lc="user-api" ssl_certificate_sentence="This must be an SSL certificate previously added to the Key Master" />

## Performance Considerations

Enabled Connectors are in the critical path of the login experience and therefore should have low latency.

Set a low timeout; under one second is ideal. Increasing the timeout can result in resource starvation in FusionAuth, as more and more resources are spent on slow requests.

Here are some things to do to improve performance of your Generic Connector.

### Network Connection

There are three phases of the Connector network connection, from FusionAuth connector to the API endpoint:

* Initial connection to the API endpoint
* First byte read from the connection
* Response complete and returned from the API endpoint

The first two have configurable timeouts, the <InlineField>Connect timeout</InlineField> and the <InlineField>Read timeout</InlineField> fields.
For <InlineField>Connect timeout</InlineField>, if the timeout expires before the connection can be established, the login fails.
For <InlineField>Read timeout</InlineField>, if the timeout expires before there is data available to be read, the login fails.
The default values for these timeouts are typically adequate, but you may want to tune them if there is resource contention on your server.

However, neither timeout prevents the HTTP request from taking as long as it needs to in order to respond once the API endpoint has begun to write bytes to the output stream.
If a Connector is not correctly terminating the HTTP response or taking an excessive time to process the login request, then this can cause issues under load.

You can avoid issues by having your API endpoint write login data and completely close the connection as quickly as possible.
You can load test your Connector using [FusionAuth's load testing framework](/docs/operate/monitor#load-testing) or any other HTTP based load testing framework.
Additionally, ensure the API endpoint is sized correctly and not starved of resources.
You should return the appropriate status code and data as quickly as possible.
Using the correct status code for each response ensures that FusionAuth handles the response appropriately.

### Add Database Indices

If you are querying a database to determine whether a user can authenticate, use database tooling such as `explain plan` and make sure that appropriate indices have been added.

### Disable Logging

Turning on the Connector's <InlineField>Debug Enabled</InlineField> field during development is useful for troubleshooting.
However, once you deploy a Connector to production, enable debugging only when troubleshooting.
Debugging writes to the <Breadcrumb>System -> Event Log</Breadcrumb> and this causes additional load on the database.

### Perform Optional Actions Out Of Band

Your connector may need to do certain other tasks after a successful login occurs. This could include calling APIs or sending messages. If these actions don't affect the result of the authentication, have these take place after a response has been sent to FusionAuth.

One way to accomplish this is to use a queue to store relevant data, which can then be read later by a different process.

### Load Test

You can load test your connector using a staging environment and the [Login API](/docs/apis/login). Configure the tenant to use your connector, create users in your system, and use a load testing tool to make repeated login requests of FusionAuth through your connector.

[Here's more about load testing FusionAuth](/docs/operate/monitor#load-testing).

# Connectors

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

<YouTube id="ks-ppMH6WXw" />

<Aside type="version">
Available since `1.18.0`
</Aside>

Connectors allow you to connect other sources of user data to your FusionAuth instance. Once the connection is created, you may either:

* Authenticate the user against the external data source, or
* Authenticate and migrate the user from the external data source to FusionAuth

The following Connectors are available:

* [Generic Connector](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors/generic-connector)
* [LDAP Connector](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors/ldap-connector)
* [FusionAuth Connector](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors/fusionauth-connector)

If you're looking for a Connector not listed here, review the open feature requests in [GitHub](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues) and either vote or comment on an existing feature, or open a new feature request if you do not find an existing issue.

Find Connectors in the administrative user interface by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Connectors</Breadcrumb> or use the [Connectors](/docs/apis/connectors/) APIs.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors/connectors-screen.png" alt="Choose what type of Connector to create." width="1200" role="shadowed" />

## Data Flow

If you are using a Connector, then to your end user and application, it is exactly the same as if FusionAuth is authenticating directly against the FusionAuth user datastore. Connector usage is transparent.

The following diagram shows the data flow for an Authorization Code grant when a Connector is configured:

```mermaid
sequenceDiagram

  participant User as User/Browser
  participant App
  participant FusionAuth 
  participant Connector As JSON API or LDAP Connection
  participant DB as Your Identity Datastore

  User ->> App : View Initial Page<br/>Click Login
  App -->> User : Redirect User To FusionAuth
  User ->> FusionAuth : Request Login Page
  FusionAuth -->> User : Return Login Page
  User ->> FusionAuth : Provides Credentials
  FusionAuth ->> Connector : Provides Credentials
  Connector ->> DB : Provides Credentials
  DB ->> DB : Verifies Credentials
  DB -->> Connector : Returns User Data
  Connector -->> FusionAuth : Returns Data
  FusionAuth ->> User : Redirect With Authorization Code
  User ->> App : Request Redirect URI
  App ->> FusionAuth : Request Tokens
  FusionAuth -->> App : Return Tokens
```

## Authentication

Using a Connector for authentication alone results in similar functionality to using the data source as an Identity Provider, but without the redirects. Subsequent logins continue to use the external source as the System of Record, including for user data such as registrations and group membership.

In contrast to the typical usage of an Identity Provider, with a Connector the user doesn't choose their identity provider; the administrator does. (Though an administrator can use the `idp_hint` parameter to force certain Identity Provider.) In addition, if the data source contains additional user profile information, a Connector allows you to map that into your user object. Finally, the identity data provider doesn't have to implement the OIDC or SAML specification.

Using a Connector for authentication allows you to use an external user management system as another data source for FusionAuth. If the data source can speak LDAP or HTTP, you can authenticate users against it.

The user will be placed into the same tenant as the application they are authenticating against.

### Required Fields

If you are authenticating a user, you must provide the following fields in the user object you return.

* `user.username`, `user.email`, or `user.phoneNumber`
* `user.id`: a FusionAuth compatible UUID

If you are using the generic connector, you are building the `user` object, so ensure these fields are in the JSON. If you are using the LDAP connector, make sure you set these fields in the configured LDAP Reconcile lambda.

In addition, ensure that the same `user.id` is returned each time a user is retrieved. If you have an LDAP attribute in the form of a UUID or a value that can be translated to a UUID, using that attribute or its translation is recommended. If you have to generate a UUID, ensure that you are able to return the same value each time the user authenticates. Doing so ensures that FusionAuth knows which user is being referenced, even if the username, email address, or phone number changes.

### Suggested Fields

If you are authenticating a user, you likely want to populate these fields:

* `user.registrations`: the applications to which this user should have access. Providing at least one entry in this array will associate a user with an application in FusionAuth, authorizing them to access the application. At a minimum, you likely want to add the application the user is logging into.

## Migration

In this scenario, the user data is migrated from the external data source to FusionAuth. Subsequent logins will authenticate against FusionAuth, not the external data store. The external data store is never again consulted for any login of the migrated user. In addition, any future changes in the external data store will not be propagated to FusionAuth. 

Using a Connector in this way allows for a phased migration. Let your users sign in and migrate their data as they do so. All changes to user data like group membership should then be made in FusionAuth. You can run the old system for a time, then shut it off and remove its configuration, then relying on FusionAuth for all user authentication.

The user will be placed into the same tenant as the application they are authenticating against.

### Required Fields

If you are migrating a user, you must provide the following fields in the user object you return.

* `user.username`, `user.email`, or `user.phoneNumber`
* `user.id`: a FusionAuth compatible UUID

If you are using the generic connector, you are building the `user` object, so ensure these fields are in the JSON. If you are using the LDAP connector, make sure you set these fields in the lambda.

If you don't have a UUID to associate with this user, you may create a random one, as the source datastore won't be consulted after the user is initially migrated. 

### Suggested Fields

If you are migrating a user, you likely want to populate these fields:

* `user.registrations`: the applications to which this user should have access. Providing at least one entry in this array will associate a user with an application in FusionAuth, authorizing them to access the application. At a minimum, you likely want to add the application the user is logging into.
* `user.data`: arbitrary data associated with the user. This can be application or migration specific. For example, you could indicate the migration date of a user for subsequent searches.

## Connector Policies

Connectors can be enabled on a per tenant basis. This is done with a Connector policy. These may change over time.

In the following screenshot you will see that we have enabled two custom Connectors for the Default tenant. The default Connector is present as well. 

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenant-connector-tab.png" alt="The Tenant Connector policy configuration tab." width="1200" role="shadowed" />

The order of operations matters for Connectors. The Connector policy rules are applied in order when a user authenticates for the first time. 

In the above system, first time users who have an email address with a domain `example.com` will be authenticated against the Active Directory Connector. If they are not found, they'll be authenticated against the Legacy User API Connector. If they are not found in that system, the user will be authenticated against the FusionAuth Connector.

Users who have an email address with any other domain will be authenticated against the Legacy User API Connector the first time they log in. If they are not found in that system, the user will be authenticated against the FusionAuth Connector.

On authentication the Connector creates the user object and stores it into FusionAuth. Once a user is authenticated against a Connector, they will always be authenticated against that same data source. If a Connector is deleted, users will be authenticated against the Connectors in the order defined by the current policy.

### Domains

A domain may be either be the string `*` in which case the Connector policy applies to all users, or one or more valid email domains such as `example.com` or `piedpiper.com`. If more than one domain is entered, they must be separated by newlines.

## Connectors Vs Identity Providers

Connectors share many features with [Identity Providers](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/). Both can connect FusionAuth to an external system of record for user identity.

How can you decide between them? While they each have strengths, these questions may be helpful in choosing:

* Are you looking to migrate users into FusionAuth? A Connector is a better option.
* Does your external system support a standard such as OIDC or SAML? An Identity Provider is what you want.
* Are you looking to connect to a system which only supports LDAP? A Connector is the better fit.
* Will the external system remain the system of record for the users? An Identity Provider is typically a better choice.
* Does your existing identity store expose no standard way to share identity data? A Connector is the better option.

# LDAP Connector

import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import SystemOfRecordCaveat from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors/_system-of-record-caveat.mdx';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

LDAP Connectors allow you to authenticate users against or migrate them from an LDAP server accessible to FusionAuth.

## Configuration

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors/ldap-connector-create-screen.png" alt="The LDAP Connector creation screen." width="1200" role="shadowed bottom-cropped" />

### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Id" optional>
    An optional UUID. When this value is omitted a unique Id will be generated automatically.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Name" required>
    A unique name to identify the Connector. This name is for display purposes only and it can be modified later if desired.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="LDAP URL" required>
    The URL used to connect to the LDAP service.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Security method" optional>
    The desired security method used to connect to LDAP. The default value of `None` is unencrypted which is not recommended unless you use an alternative method of securing your connection, such as a VPN.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Connect timeout" required>
    The connect timeout in milliseconds used when making the request to LDAP.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Read timeout" required>
    The read timeout in milliseconds used when making the request to LDAP.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Reconcile lambda" required>
    The lambda used to reconcile the user from LDAP to FusionAuth.

    Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Lambdas</Breadcrumb> to create this lambda.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Debug enabled" optional>
    Enable debug to create an event log to assist you in debugging integration errors.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>


<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors/ldap-connector-create-directory-tab.png" alt="The LDAP Connector creation screen." width="1200" role="shadowed top-cropped" />

### Directory

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Base structure" required>
    The base structure is the directory to use in order to search for users.

    For example, to search the entire directory, you’d use a base structure of `DC=piedpiper,DC=com`. If you want to search against only engineering, add the organization: `OU=engineering,DC=piedpiper,DC=com`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="System account DN" required>
    The distinguished name of an entry which has read access to the directory.

    For example: `CN=ReadOnlyFusionAuthUser,OU=engineering,DC=piedpiper,DC=com`.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="System account password" required>
    The password of the <InlineField>System Account DN</InlineField>.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Login identifier attribute" required>
    The value that the user would enter for their username on a login screen.

    For example: `uid` or `userPrincipalName`
  </APIField>

  <APIField name="Identifying attribute" required>
    The entry attribute name which is the first component of the distinguished name of entries in the directory.

    For example: `cn`
  </APIField>

  <APIField name="Requested attributes" required>
    The list of requested directory attributes to be returned. These will be passed to the lambda to be converted into FusionAuth user attributes. These must be added one at a time.

    For example: `cn` `givenName` `sn` `userPrincipalName` `mail`
  </APIField>

</APIBlock>

## Using the LDAP Connector

Once you have completed configuration of the LDAP connector, you will need to instruct a tenant to use this connector.

* Ensure your LDAP server is accessible to the FusionAuth instance. This may entail setting up a VPN, locating FusionAuth in the correct network, or configuring a firewall to allow access.
* Determine which LDAP user FusionAuth will connect as.
* Create an [LDAP reconcile Lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/reconcile/ldap-connector-reconcile) to map the directory attributes to FusionAuth user attributes.
* Configure the Connector in <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Connectors</Breadcrumb>. At a minimum, configure
** The LDAP URL and connection security
** The previously created lambda
** LDAP directory settings
* Add the Connector Policy in <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Your Tenant -> Connectors</Breadcrumb> to configure to which domains the connector applies.

### Using the LDAP Connector as the System of Record

<SystemOfRecordCaveat system_of_record="backing LDAP directory" />

The correct way to maintain these attributes is:

* store them in the LDAP directory
* request them by configure the appropriate <InlineField>Requested attributes</InlineField>
* use the [reconcile lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/reconcile/ldap-connector-reconcile) to set the user's attributes appropriately

FusionAuth does not support pushing user profile data into LDAP. Data always flows through a Connector into FusionAuth.
 
If you use the Connector as a source of authentication, the source of truth remains the LDAP server. If you migrate your users (by toggling on <InlineField>Migrate user</InlineField> on the Tenant Connector policy), FusionAuth becomes the source of truth after the first login of each user. You can review the `connectorId` associated with the User object to confirm which Connector is authoritative for a user.

## Connecting to Active Directory

User data stored in Microsoft Active Directory is accessible via LDAP. If you'd like to federate and allow some of your users to authenticate against Active Directory, use the LDAP Connector.

Here's a video walking through such a configuration of FusionAuth and Microsoft Active Directory:

<YouTube id="Cqd7EgK4ess" />

# Migrate From Passport

import AdditionalSupport from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_additional-support.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import CreateApiKeySocial from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-api-key-social.mdx';
import CreateTestApplication from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-test-application.mdx';
import CreateTestTenant from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-test-tenant.mdx';
import FinalDestination from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_final-destination.mdx';
import Identifiers from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_identifiers.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import SetUpFusionauth from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_set-up-fusionauth.mdx';
import SocialLoginMigration from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_social-login-migration.mdx';
import SocialLoginNote from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_social-login-note.mdx';
import VerifyImport from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_verify-import.mdx';
import WhatNext from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_what-next.mdx';
import PasswordHashSection from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_password-hashes-section.mdx';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import SlowMigrationTimeline from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_slow-migration-timeline.mdx';
import SetUpUserRoles from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_set-up-user-roles.mdx';

export const migration_source_name = 'passport';
export const migration_source_dir = 'passportjs';
export const migration_source_social_name = 'Passport.js ';
export const script_supports_social_logins = true;
export const add_tenant_image_role = 'bottom-cropped';
export const social_integration_method = 'various strategy packages such as passport-google-oauth20, passport-github2, and passport-facebook';
export const migration_sources_tools = 'Node.js/Passport.js applications';
export const hashing_algorithm = 'bcrypt';


This document will help you migrate from Passport authentication to FusionAuth.

This guide assumes you have installed FusionAuth. If you have not, please [view our installation guides](/docs/get-started/download-and-install) and install FusionAuth before you begin. For more general migration information, please view the [FusionAuth migration guide](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/genericmigration).  

The screenshots, scripts, and code snippets in this guide are from this [example Express application](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-migrating-node), but the migration steps apply to other Node.js applications.

The example project uses Passport to implement authentication using two common strategies:

* `passport-local`: Username-and-password authentication using credentials stored in the application's database.
* `passport-google-oauth20`: OAuth social login using Google.

Each approach requires different user data to be migrated. Passport itself doesn't manage user data; it only handles authentication. Your application defines the user model, database schema, and data storage approach.

The export script and migration strategies here are tailored to each authentication method, preserving user passwords (where applicable), account states, and social login connections so users can continue logging in with their current credentials.

## Prerequisites

To follow this tutorial, you need:

- [Node.js 22 or higher](https://nodejs.org/en/download) to run the migration script.
- [FusionAuth](/docs/get-started/download-and-install). The easiest way to run FusionAuth locally is to use [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/) with the configuration file provided later in this tutorial.
- [ngrok](https://ngrok.com/) (optional) to expose your local Express application for testing purposes.

## Planning Considerations

### Slow Migration Or Bulk Migration

To preserve your users' passwords, you need to perform a slow migration. Users log in to FusionAuth with their existing credentials, and FusionAuth transparently migrates their data. Slow migrations in FusionAuth use [Connectors](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors), a paid feature.

If, on the other hand, resetting user passwords is acceptable, a [Bulk Migration](#bulk-migration) can work for you. Review that section for more details on the required steps. You may also perform a bulk migration after a slow migration has run for a while. Active users can be transparently migrated, and infrequent users may not mind resetting their passwords.

You can learn more about the types of [migrations that FusionAuth supports here](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/#migration-types).

### Obtaining User Data

To migrate users from a Node.js application, you'll need to export user data from your database. Since Passport doesn't manage user data directly, the export process depends on your database and user schema.

#### `passport-local`

Applications using `passport-local` store user credentials in their database. Common user data includes:

* `email` or `username`: The primary user identifier.
* `password`: The hashed password, usually bcrypt.
* `emailVerified` or `confirmed`: Email verification status.
* `firstName`, `lastName`, `displayName`: User profile information.
* `loginAttempts`, `blocked`, `lastLogin`: Security and access control fields.

This data can be exported directly from the database and preserved in FusionAuth during migration.

#### OAuth Strategies

Applications using OAuth strategies store minimal local user data since authentication happens through external providers. Exporting data from an application using OAuth focuses on:

* Profile fields such as `email`, `name`, `username`, and `avatar`.
* Provider connection data like the provider Id (`googleId`, `githubId`, or `facebookId`).

FusionAuth uses the provider Id to link migrated user accounts to the correct external identity provider.

### Mapping User Attributes

The attributes of the [User object in FusionAuth are well documented](/docs/apis/users).

If there is an attribute in your Passport user that cannot be directly mapped to a FusionAuth attribute, you can place it in the `user.data` field. This field can store arbitrary JSON values and will be indexed and searchable.

### Social Logins

<SocialLoginNote migration_source_name={migration_source_social_name} script_supports_social_logins={script_supports_social_logins} social_integration_method={social_integration_method} />

<SocialLoginMigration />

### Other Entities

There are often other important entities, such as roles, that need to be migrated. There are usually fewer of these, so an automated migration may not make sense, but plan to move this configuration somehow.

Be aware that functionality may not be the same between Passport and FusionAuth. This is different from user data; as long as you can somehow migrate a login identifier (a username or email) and a password hash, a user will be authenticated and successfully migrated. You can [download FusionAuth](/download/) before you begin a migration and build a proof of concept to learn more about the differences.

#### Identifiers

<Identifiers migration_source_name={migration_sources_tools} />

## Exporting Users

To export users from a Node.js application that uses Passport, you'll need a script that queries the database and formats the data for import into FusionAuth.

The export script in the following section generates a JSON file ready for import into FusionAuth. Before running the script:

- Update the application Id values to match your FusionAuth application Ids.
- Modify the User model field references to match your application's schema.

### Step 1: Export Raw User Data

The following script exports raw user data from a Node.js application database.

<RemoteCode url= {frontmatter.importCodeRoot + "/scripts/4_exportUsers.mjs"} lang="js" />

The script creates a `users.json` file containing the exported data, similar to the example below.

```json
[
  {
    "id": 5,
    "email": "sarah.johnson@techcorp.com",
    "password": "$2b$10$TlFbuG62ZB29BQCRA2R6IeU544NuZb4GX8bXIMds5jR6tXReLnQhK",
    "name": "Sarah Johnson",
    "google_id": null,
    "avatar": null,
    "provider": "local",
    "verified": 1,
    "active": 1,
    "last_login_at": null,
    "created_at": "2025-07-25 04:24:58",
    "updated_at": "2025-07-25 04:24:58"
  }
]
```

### Step 2: Convert The User Objects To A Format Supported By FusionAuth

The conversion script transforms the raw data into FusionAuth's required format.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.importCodeRoot + "/scripts/5_convertUserToFaUser.mjs"} lang="js" />

The conversion script generates a `faUsers.json` file ready for import into FusionAuth.

<PasswordHashSection hashing_algorithm={hashing_algorithm} />

## Importing Users

Next up, import the user data. Here are the steps you need to take:

1. Set up FusionAuth
2. Get the script
3. Install needed packages
4. Use the script
5. Verify the import
6. The final destination of imported users

### Set Up FusionAuth

<SetUpFusionauth />

#### Create A Test Tenant

<CreateTestTenant migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} migration_source_name={migration_source_name} add_tenant_image_role={add_tenant_image_role} />

#### Create A Test Application

<CreateTestApplication migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} migration_source_name={migration_source_name} />

#### Set Up User Roles

<SetUpUserRoles migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} migration_source_name={migration_source_social_name}  />

#### Add An API Key

<CreateApiKeySocial migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

#### Add An Identity Provider

Set up an identity provider by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb>. In the dropdown, choose <InlineUIElement>Add Google</InlineUIElement>, and then enter your Google <InlineField>Client Id</InlineField> and <InlineField>Client secret</InlineField> (find these values in your Google Cloud console). Save the identity provider.

![Create an Identity Provider in FusionAuth](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/passportjs/idp.png)

## Bulk Migration

### Get The Scripts

FusionAuth provides a JavaScript import script under a permissive open-source license.

```console title="Getting the import scripts"
git clone https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-import-scripts
```

Navigate to the `passportjs` directory.

```console title="Navigating to the import scripts directory"
cd fusionauth-import-scripts/passportjs
```

### Install Needed Packages

Add the required packages to your Node.js project with the following command.

```console title="Installing required packages"
npm install sqlite3 stream-json uuid @fusionauth/typescript-client
```

<Aside type="note">
  For databases other than SQLite, install the appropriate driver package.
</Aside>

### Use The Script

Make sure the `users.json` and `faUsers.json` files are in the same directory as the scripts.

Use the following command to run the script to bulk import users into FusionAuth.

```console title="Importing users"
node scripts/6_importUsersBulk.mjs
```

Use the following command to run the script to link users with social logins.

```console title="Importing social logins"
node scripts/7_importSocialUsers.mjs
```

#### Enhancing The Script

You may also want to migrate additional data. Currently, the following attributes are migrated:

* `email`
* `username`
* `fullName` (when available)
* `verified`
* `active`
* `password`
* `registrations`
* `data`: Custom metadata including source system and original user Id

If you have additional user attributes to migrate, review and modify the script's user mapping logic.

You may also want to assign Roles or associate users with Groups by creating the appropriate JSON data structures in the import call. These are documented in the [Import User API docs](/docs/apis/users#import-users).

### Verify The Import

<VerifyImport migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

### The Final Destination Of Imported Users

<FinalDestination migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

## Slow Migration

This step of the tutorial is optional. In this section, you'll learn how to create a Connector for FusionAuth to import your users' data individually as each user logs in.

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

If you don't need to do this, please skip to the [What To Do Next](#what-to-do-next) section below.

### Create A User With A Password

To test the slow migration, you need a user with a password you know. The example project includes a `models/users.js` setup script that creates test user accounts.

You can also register new users by accessing the example in your browser at `http://localhost:3000`.

### Configure A Connector Between FusionAuth And Your Application

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

If you haven't done so already, activate your FusionAuth license by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Reactor</Breadcrumb> in the sidebar of the admin UI.

Now configure a FusionAuth Connector to point to an intermediary web service between FusionAuth and your application. The web service will expose an API endpoint that FusionAuth can call to retrieve user details for migration.

<Aside type="note">
  For a general overview of Connectors, please see this [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ks-ppMH6WXw).
</Aside>

Before proceeding, note that if you're running FusionAuth in Docker and your application locally, you'll need to ensure FusionAuth can reach the application. There are two ways to do this:

* **Use ngrok:** Use a tool like [ngrok](https://ngrok.com/) to expose your local application.
* **Use your host machine's IP address:** Run the Express application on `0.0.0.0` and find your host machine's IP address:

    ```bash
    ifconfig | grep "inet " | grep -v 127.0.0.1 | awk '{print $2}' | head -1
    ```

    Then construct the connector URL as `http://<IP_ADDRESS>:PORT/fusionauth/connector`.

In your [FusionAuth admin UI](http://localhost:9011), browse to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Connectors</Breadcrumb>.

Click the dropdown button on the top right and select <InlineUIElement>Add Generic connector</InlineUIElement>.

![Create a Connector in FusionAuth.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/passportjs/create-connector.png)

Enter the field values as follows:

* Set <InlineField>Name</InlineField> to `My App Connector` or anything you like.
* Set <InlineField>Authentication URL</InlineField> to the URL provided by ngrok or `http://<IP_ADDRESS_OR_DOMAIN>:PORT/fusionauth/connector`. Replace `IP_ADDRESS_OR_DOMAIN` with the IP address or domain name of your host machine, and `PORT` with the port number of your Express application.
* Increase timeout values (for example, to `5000`) to accommodate network latency when the API requests are being made.
* Enable <InlineUIElement>Debug enabled</InlineUIElement>.
* Save the connector.

![Connector details in FusionAuth.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/passportjs/connector.png)

<Aside type="caution">
  In production, you will want to add authentication to the web service. You can add basic authentication using the <Breadcrumb>Security</Breadcrumb> tab in the Connector details page.
</Aside>

Now browse to <Breadcrumb>Tenants</Breadcrumb> and do the following:

* Select <InlineUIElement>Edit</InlineUIElement> on the default tenant.
* Navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Connectors</Breadcrumb> tab.
* Click <InlineUIElement>Add policy</InlineUIElement>.
* Select `My App Connector`.
* Leave <InlineField>Domains</InlineField> with the value `*` to apply this Connector to every user.
* Enable <InlineUIElement>Migrate user</InlineUIElement> so that FusionAuth will no longer use Passport for subsequent logins of the same user.
* Click <InlineUIElement>Submit</InlineUIElement>.

![Connector policy details in FusionAuth.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/passportjs/connector-policy.png)

Move the `My App Connector` policy to the top of the list, using the arrow buttons if necessary. 

With this configuration, all users are checked against this Connector the first time they are seen. If they log in, they'll be migrated to the FusionAuth user database.

After configuration, the Connector entry form should look similar to this:

![Connector policy list in FusionAuth.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/passportjs/connector-added.png)

Save the changes by clicking the save icon at the top right.

### Add An Authentication Intermediary Endpoint

The next step is to write an API endpoint that will accept the user's login Id and password and return the user details to be saved to FusionAuth on successful login.

<Aside type="note">
  Documentation on the [inputs and outputs a Connector expects is here](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors/generic-connector).
</Aside>

The Connector makes a POST request to the URL you specify, and expects a JSON object containing a user in return.

An example controller is in `passportjs/connectorSnippet.mjs`.

### Log In With A Test User

In the FusionAuth admin interface, browse to <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb>. Click the <InlineUIElement>Select</InlineUIElement> dropdown next to the "Example App" application, then select <InlineUIElement>View</InlineUIElement>. Copy the <InlineField>OAuth IdP login URL</InlineField> and open it in an incognito window in your browser (if you don't use an incognito window, you need to log out of the FusionAuth admin session to prevent the active session from interfering with the test). This URL is a login page for the "Example App", so that you can test the web service and Connector.

For this tutorial, the login URL should be `http://localhost:9011/oauth2/authorize?client\_id=e9fdb985-9173-4e01-9d73-ac2d60d1dc8e\&response\_type=code\&redirect\_uri=http%3A%2F%2Flocalhost%3A8080%2Foauth-redirect`.

![Test application login URL](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/passportjs/login-url.png)

Log in with the username and password for a sample user as defined in the `models/user.js` file of the example application, for example, `sarah.johnson@techcorp.com` and `SecurePass2024!`. Your Connector service should show `request received` and the login request succeeding in the terminal.

<Aside type="note">
  After a successful test login, the user will be redirected to a URL like `https://example.com/?code=2aUqU0ZhQCjtz0fnrFL_i7wxhIAh7cTfxAXEIpJE-5w&locale=en&userState=AuthenticatedNotRegistered`.

  This occurs because you haven't set up a web application to handle the authorization code redirect yet. This is an important next step, but it's beyond the scope of this document. Consult the [5-minute setup guide](/docs/get-started/start-here/step-1) for an example of how to do this.
</Aside>

If you log out and log in again with the same user, you'll notice that `request received` will not show in the web service console. This is because FusionAuth is now using its own authentication service, as the original user password has been hashed and saved in the FusionAuth database.

The user has been successfully migrated, and Passport authentication system is no longer needed.

#### Debug The Connector Service

If you encounter errors in this process, try the following:

* View the <Breadcrumb>System Event Logs</Breadcrumb> in the bottom left of the FusionAuth web interface.
* Adjust the timeout values of the Connector to higher values to accommodate network latency between API calls.

### Estimate The Slow Migration Timeline

When using a slow migration, you can estimate how many accounts will be migrated in a given period.

<SlowMigrationTimeline />

After this period, you may want to bulk migrate the rest of the users, or treat them as inactive and not migrate them. Plan to disable the Connector and remove the tenant's Connector policy after the slow migration is complete.

Learn more about [general slow migration considerations](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/#slow-migration-implementation).

## What To Do Next

<WhatNext />

## Additional Support

<AdditionalSupport />

# Migrate From Rails

import AdditionalSupport from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_additional-support.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import CreateApiKeySocial from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-api-key-social.mdx';
import CreateTestApplication from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-test-application.mdx';
import CreateTestTenant from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-test-tenant.mdx';
import FinalDestination from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_final-destination.mdx';
import GetScript from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_get-script.mdx';
import Identifiers from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_identifiers.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import SetUpFusionauth from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_set-up-fusionauth.mdx';
import SocialLoginMigration from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_social-login-migration.mdx';
import SocialLoginNote from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_social-login-note.mdx';
import VerifyImport from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_verify-import.mdx';
import WhatNext from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_what-next.mdx';
import PasswordHashSection from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_password-hashes-section.mdx';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import SlowMigrationTimeline from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_slow-migration-timeline.mdx';
import SetUpUserRoles from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_set-up-user-roles.mdx';


export const migration_source_name = 'rails';
export const migration_source_dir = 'rails';
export const migration_source_social_name = 'OmniAuth';
export const migration_sources_tools = "Devise, OmniAuth, Rails built-in authentication";
export const hashing_algorithm = 'bcrypt';
export const script_supports_social_logins = true;
export const add_tenant_image_role = 'bottom-cropped';

This document will help you migrate from Rails-based authentication to FusionAuth.

This guide assumes you have installed FusionAuth. If you have not, please [view our installation guides](/docs/get-started/download-and-install) and install FusionAuth before you begin. For more general migration information, please view the [FusionAuth migration guide](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/genericmigration).

The following sections provide general migration strategies, with working example Rails apps available [here](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-migrating-rails). Each sample app uses a different authentication tool:

- **Devise:** The most popular Rails authentication gem, providing email-and-password login, confirmations, and account locking features.
- **OmniAuth:** A flexible authentication system focused on external providers like Google, Facebook, and GitHub.
- **Rails built-in authentication:** Rails native authentication feature using `has_secure_password` with bcrypt for email-and-password authentication.

The export scripts and migration strategies here are tailored to each authentication method, preserving user passwords (where applicable), account states, and social login connections so users can continue logging in with their current credentials.

## Prerequisites

To follow this tutorial, you need:

- [Ruby 3.3.0 or higher](https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/downloads/) to run the migration scripts and gems.
- [FusionAuth](/docs/get-started/download-and-install). The easiest way to run FusionAuth locally is to use [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/) with the configuration file provided later in this tutorial.
- [ngrok](https://ngrok.com/) (optional) to expose your local Rails application for testing purposes.

## Planning Considerations

### Slow Migration Or Bulk Migration

To preserve your users' passwords, you need to perform a slow migration. Users log in to FusionAuth with their existing credentials, and FusionAuth transparently migrates their data. Slow migrations in FusionAuth use [Connectors](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors), a paid feature.

If, on the other hand, resetting user passwords is acceptable, a [Bulk Migration](#bulk-migration) can work for you. Review that section for more details on the required steps. You may also perform a bulk migration after a slow migration has run for a while. Active users can be transparently migrated, and infrequent users may not mind resetting their passwords.

You can learn more about the types of migrations that FusionAuth supports [here](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/#migration-types).

### Obtaining User Data

Each Rails authentication approach stores different user data in the database. The following sections describe the specific data fields to look for when exporting users from Devise, OmniAuth, and Rails built-in authentication.

#### Devise

Devise stores comprehensive user authentication data in the database. The standard User model includes:

- `encrypted_password`: The bcrypt-hashed password that can be migrated directly to FusionAuth.
- `email` and `username`: Primary user identifiers.
- `confirmed_at`: Email confirmation status for user verification.
- `sign_in_count`, `current_sign_in_at`, and `last_sign_in_at`: User login activity.
- `current_sign_in_ip` and `last_sign_in_ip`: IP address history.
- `locked_at`: Account lockout status.

This data can be exported from the database and preserved in FusionAuth during migration.

#### OmniAuth

OmniAuth typically stores minimal local user data since authentication relies on external providers. Exporting user data focuses on:

- Basic profile information (`email`, `name`, `username`).
- Provider connection data (`provider`, `uid`). This data maps to the external service's user identifier.
- Any locally stored profile images or additional user metadata.

FusionAuth depends on the combination of `provider` and `uid` to link migrated user accounts to the correct external identity provider.

#### Rails Built-In Authentication

Rails `has_secure_password` stores user data similarly to Devise but with a simpler structure:

- `password_digest`: The bcrypt-hashed password.
- `email`: Primary identifier.
- Any custom user profile fields your application has added.

### Mapping User Attributes

The attributes of the User object in FusionAuth are [well documented](/docs/apis/users).

If there is an attribute in your Rails user that cannot be directly mapped to a FusionAuth attribute, you can place it in the `user.data` field. This field can store arbitrary JSON values and will be indexed and searchable.

### Social Logins

<SocialLoginNote migration_source_name={migration_source_social_name} script_supports_social_logins={script_supports_social_logins} />

<SocialLoginMigration />

### Other Entities

There are often other important entities, such as roles, that need to be migrated. There are usually fewer of these, so an automated migration may not make sense, but plan to move this configuration somehow.

Be aware that functionality may not be the same between Rails-based authentication tools and FusionAuth. This is different from user data; as long as you can somehow migrate a login identifier (a username or email) and a password hash, a user will be authenticated and successfully migrated. You can [download FusionAuth](/download/) before you begin a migration and build a proof of concept to learn more about the differences.

#### Identifiers

<Identifiers migration_source_name="Rails" />

## Exporting Users

To export users from a Rails application, you'll need a script that queries the database and formats the data for import into FusionAuth.

The export scripts in the following sections are tailored for each authentication system and generate a JSON file ready for import into FusionAuth. Before running a script:

- Update the application Id values to match your FusionAuth application Ids.
- Modify the User model field references to match your application's schema.

### Devise

The following export script will work for most Rails applications using Devise.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.importCodeRoot + "/rails/export-scripts/devise/export_users_for_fusionauth.rb"} lang="ruby"  />

The script handles bcrypt password hashes directly since bcrypt includes the salt in the hash.

The script exports a user file that looks similar to the example below.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.importCodeRoot + "/rails/export-scripts/devise/users_export.json"} lang="json"  />

### OmniAuth

As OmniAuth doesn't store passwords locally, the following script exports profile data and provider information.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.importCodeRoot + "/rails/export-scripts/omniauth/export_users_for_fusionauth.rb"} lang="ruby"  />

The `oauth_provider` and `oauth_uid` data will be used later to link user accounts to identity providers in FusionAuth.

The script exports a user file that looks similar to the example below.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.importCodeRoot + "/rails/export-scripts/omniauth/users_export.json"} lang="json"  />

### Rails Built-In Authentication

The following export script works for Rails applications using `has_secure_password`.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.importCodeRoot + "/rails/export-scripts/built-in-auth/export_users_for_fusionauth.rb"} lang="ruby"  />

The script exports a user file that looks similar to the example below.

<RemoteCode url={frontmatter.importCodeRoot + "/rails/export-scripts/built-in-auth/users_export.json"} lang="json"  />

<PasswordHashSection hashing_algorithm={hashing_algorithm} />

## Importing Users

Next up, import the user data. Here are the steps you need to take:

1. Set up FusionAuth
2. Get the script
3. Install needed gems
4. Use the script
5. Verify the import
6. The final destination of imported users

### Set Up FusionAuth

<SetUpFusionauth />

#### Create A Test Tenant

<CreateTestTenant migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} migration_source_name={migration_source_name} add_tenant_image_role={add_tenant_image_role} />

#### Create A Test Application

<CreateTestApplication migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} migration_source_name={migration_source_name} />

#### Set Up User Roles

<SetUpUserRoles migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} migration_source_name={migration_source_social_name}  />

#### Add An API Key

<CreateApiKeySocial migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

## Bulk Migration

### Get The Script

<GetScript migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

### Install Needed Gems

The following gems must be available to the import script:

* `date`
* `json`
* `optargs`
* `securerandom`
* `fusionauth_client`

It is likely that all these gems will be on your system already, except the `fusionauth_client` gem.

If you have `bundler` installed, run `bundle install` in the `rails` project directory. Otherwise, install the needed gems some other way.

### Use The Script

You can see the output of the script by running it with the `-h` option:

```sh title="Running the import script with the help command line switch"
./import.rb -h
```

The output will be similar to this:

```sh title="The help output of the import.rb script"
Usage: import.rb [options]
    -u, --users-file USERS_FILE      The exported JSON user data file from Rails. Defaults to users.json.
    -f FUSIONAUTH_URL,               The location of the FusionAuth instance. Defaults to http://localhost:9011.
        --fusionauth-url
    -k, --fusionauth-api-key API_KEY The FusionAuth API key.
    -t TENANT_ID,                    The FusionAuth tenant id. Required if more than one tenant exists.
        --fusionauth-tenant-id
    -r APPLICATION_IDS,              A comma separated list of existing application Ids. All users will be registered for these applications.
        --register-users
    -l, --link-social-accounts       Link social accounts for OmniAuth users after import.
    -v, --verbose                    Enable verbose logging.
    -h, --help                       Prints this help.
```

For this script to work correctly, set the following switches, unless the defaults work for you:

* `-u` should point to the location of the user export file you obtained, unless the default works.
* `-f` must point to your FusionAuth instance. If you are testing locally, it will probably be `http://localhost:9011`.
* `-k` needs to be set to the value of the API key created above.
* `-t` should be set to the Id of the testing tenant created above.

If you are loading users with OmniAuth social account authentication, you must create the social identity providers in FusionAuth beforehand or the links will fail.

When you run the script, you should get an output similar to the following:

```bash title="Import script output"
$ ./import.rb -k rEWq7js-JBeWfNMFveXp0nN8CaArBt1xfuhUn4Jn617tGl2zLiGZnCwG -u users_export.json
FusionAuth Importer : Rails Authentication Systems
 > User file: users_export.json
 > FusionAuth URL: http://localhost:9011
 > Tenant ID: default

 > Detected source system: rails_auth

 > Processing 12 valid users
 > Importing 12 users to FusionAuth...
 > Import successful!

 > Successfully imported 12 users

Import completed successfully!
 > Total users imported: 12
 > Duplicates skipped: 0
```

#### Enhancing The Script

You may want to migrate additional data. Currently, the following attributes are migrated:

* `email`
* `username`
* `fullName` (when available)
* `verified`
* `active`
* `password` (for Devise and Rails built-in authentication)
* `registrations`
* `data` - Custom metadata including source system and original user Id

If you have additional user attributes to migrate, review and modify the script's user mapping logic.

You may also want to assign Roles or associate users with Groups by creating the appropriate JSON data structures in the import call. These are documented in the [Import User API docs](/docs/apis/users#import-users). This will require modifying the `import.rb` code.

### Verify The Import

<VerifyImport migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

### The Final Destination Of Imported Users

<FinalDestination migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

## Slow Migration

This step of the tutorial is optional. In this section, you'll learn how to create a Connector for FusionAuth to import your users' data individually as each user logs in.

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

If you don't need to do this, please skip to the [What To Do Next](#what-to-do-next) section below.

### Create A User With A Password

To test the slow migration, you need a user with a password you know. The provided [Rails example apps](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-migrating-rails) include setup scripts `db/seeds.rb` that create test user accounts.

You can also register new users by accessing the Rails examples in your browser:

- Devise example: `http://localhost:3000`
- Rails built-in authentication example: `http://localhost:3002`

### Configure A Connector Between FusionAuth And Your Rails Application

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

If you haven't done so already, activate your FusionAuth license by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Reactor</Breadcrumb> on the sidebar of the admin UI.

Now configure a FusionAuth Connector to point to an intermediary web service between FusionAuth and your Rails application. The web service will expose an API endpoint that FusionAuth can call to retrieve user details for migration.

<Aside type="note">
For a general overview of Connectors, please see this [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ks-ppMH6WXw).
</Aside>

Before proceeding, note that if you're running FusionAuth in Docker and your Rails application locally, you'll need to ensure FusionAuth can reach your Rails application. There are two ways to do this:

- **Use ngrok:** Use a tool like [ngrok](https://ngrok.com/) to expose your local Rails application. Be sure to add your ngrok URL to the `config.hosts` whitelist in `config/environments/<environment>.rb` to allow external connections.
- **Use your host machine's IP address:** Run the Rails application on `0.0.0.0` and find your host machine's IP address:
   ```bash
   ifconfig | grep "inet " | grep -v 127.0.0.1 | awk '{print $2}' | head -1
   ```

  Then construct the connector URL as `http://<IP_ADDRESS>:PORT/fusionauth/connector`.

In the [FusionAuth admin UI](http://localhost:9011), browse to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Connectors</Breadcrumb>.

Click the dropdown button on the top right and select <InlineUIElement>Add Generic connector</InlineUIElement>.

![Create a Connector in FusionAuth.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/rails/create-connector.png)

Enter the field values below.

- Set <InlineField>Name</InlineField> to `My App Connector` or anything you like.
- Set <InlineField>Authentication URL</InlineField> to the URL provided by ngrok or `http://<IP_ADDRESS_OR_DOMAIN>:PORT/fusionauth/connector`. Replace `IP_ADDRESS_OR_DOMAIN` with the IP address or domain name of your host machine, and `PORT` with the port number of your Rails application.
- Increase timeout values (for example, to `5000`) to accommodate network latency when the API requests are being made.
- Enable <InlineUIElement>Debug enabled</InlineUIElement>.

![Connector details in FusionAuth.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/rails/connector.png)

<Aside type="caution">
  In production, you will want to add authentication to the web service. You can add basic authentication using the <Breadcrumb>Security</Breadcrumb> tab in the Connector details page.
</Aside>

Now browse to <Breadcrumb>Tenants</Breadcrumb> and do the following:

- Select <InlineUIElement>Edit</InlineUIElement> on the default tenant.
- Navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Connectors</Breadcrumb> tab.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Add policy</InlineUIElement>.
- Select `My App Connector`.
- Leave <InlineField>Domains</InlineField> with the value `*` to apply this Connector to every user.
- Enable <InlineUIElement>Migrate user</InlineUIElement> so that FusionAuth will no longer use your Rails backend for subsequent logins of the same user.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Submit</InlineUIElement>.

![Connector policy details in FusionAuth.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/rails/connector-policy.png)


Move the `My App Connector` policy to the top of the list, using the arrow buttons if necessary.

With this configuration, all users are checked against this Connector the first time they are seen. If they log in, they'll be migrated to the FusionAuth user database.

After configuration, the Connector entry form should look similar to this:

![Connector policy list in FusionAuth](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/rails/connector-added.png)

Save the changes by clicking the save icon at the top right.

### Add An Authentication Intermediary Endpoint

The next step is to write an API endpoint that will accept the user's login Id and password, and return the user details to be saved to FusionAuth if the login is successful.

<Aside type='note'>
 Documentation on the inputs and outputs a Connector expects is [here](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors/generic-connector).
</Aside>

The Connector makes a POST request to the URL you specify, and expects a JSON object containing a user in return.

Take a look at the example controllers for [Devise](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-migrating-rails/raw/refs/heads/main/ruby-users-devise/app/controllers/fusion_auth_connector_controller.rb) or [Rails built-in authentication](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-migrating-rails/raw/refs/heads/main/ruby-users-rails-auth/app/controllers/fusion_auth_connector_controller.rb).

The example Rails applications show working implementations of this connector for different Rails authentication systems.

The controller will authenticate the user with their login Id and password, then return the user details to be imported into FusionAuth if authentication succeeds.

### Log In With A Test User

In the FusionAuth admin interface, browse to <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb>. Click the <InlineUIElement>Select</InlineUIElement> dropdown next to the "Start Here" application, then select <InlineUIElement>View</InlineUIElement>. Copy the <InlineField>OAuth IdP login URL</InlineField> and open it in an incognito window in your browser (if you don't use an incognito window, you need to log out of the FusionAuth admin session to prevent the active session from interfering with the test). This URL is a login page for the "Start Here" application, so that you can test the web service and Connector.

For this tutorial, the login URL should be `http://localhost:9011/oauth2/authorize?client_id=e9fdb985-9173-4e01-9d73-ac2d60d1dc8e&response_type=code&redirect_uri=http%3A%2F%2Flocalhost%3A8080%2Foauth-redirect`.

![Test application login URL.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/rails/login-url.png)

Log in with the username and password for a known user as defined in the `db/seeds.rb` seed scripts of the sample applications:

- Username `jennifer.adams@techstart.com` and password `StartupLife2024!` for the Devise example.
- Username `sarah.johnson@techcorp.com` and password `SecurePass123!` for the Rails built-in authentication example.

You should see the successful login request logged by the connector service in the terminal.

<Aside type="note">
  After a successful test login, the user will be redirected to a URL like `https://example.com/?code=2aUqU0ZhQCjtz0fnrFL_i7wxhIAh7cTfxAXEIpJE-5w&locale=en&userState=AuthenticatedNotRegistered`.

  This occurs because you haven't set up a web application to handle the authorization code redirect yet. This is an important next step, but it's beyond the scope of this document. Consult the [5-minute setup guide](/docs/get-started/start-here/step-1) for an example of how to do this.
</Aside>

If you log out and log in again with the same user, you'll notice that the connector will no longer log the login request. This is because FusionAuth is now using its own authentication service, as the original user password has been hashed and saved in the FusionAuth database.

The user has been successfully migrated, and the Rails-based authentication system is no longer needed.

#### Debug The Connector Service

If you encounter errors in this process, try the following:

- View the <Breadcrumb>System Event Logs</Breadcrumb> in the bottom left of the FusionAuth web interface.
- Add `puts` statements to the `fusionauth_connector_controller.rb` file to see where any errors are occurring.
- Adjust the timeout values of the Connector to higher values to accommodate network latency between API calls.

### Estimate The Slow Migration Timeline

When using a slow migration, you can estimate how many accounts will be migrated in a given period.

<SlowMigrationTimeline />

After this period, you may want to bulk migrate the rest of the users, or treat them as inactive and not migrate them. Plan to disable the Connector and remove the tenant's Connector policy after the slow migration is complete.

Learn more about [general slow migration considerations](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/#slow-migration-implementation).

## What to Do Next

<WhatNext />

## Additional Support

<AdditionalSupport />

# Generic Migration Tutorial

import AdditionalSupport from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_additional-support.mdx';
import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import MappingUserAttributes from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_mapping-user-attributes.mdx';
import OtherEntitiesIntro from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_other-entities-intro.mdx';
import SocialLoginMigration from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_social-login-migration.mdx';
import WhatNext from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_what-next.mdx';

export const migration_source_dir = 'generic';
export const script_supports_social_logins = 'false';

This document will help you migrate users from a custom authentication provider to FusionAuth.

This guide is a low-level, technical tutorial focusing on transferring password hashes, calling APIs, and preparing data when migrating users from a custom authentication provider. For more information on how to plan a migration at a higher level, please read the [FusionAuth migration guide](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users).

## Prerequisites

If you want to import user passwords in addition to user personal details, you need a basic understanding of how password hashing and salts work. FusionAuth has a [hashing article](/articles/security/math-of-password-hashing-algorithms-entropy) that is a good starting point.

To follow this tutorial, you need [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/) to run an example web application and the migration scripts.

<Aside>
  You may need to update your hosts file to include an entry for `127.0.0.1 host.docker.internal` if it's not already present. On macOS and Linux, you can add the entry with the following command.

  ```
  echo "127.0.0.1 host.docker.internal" | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts
  ```
</Aside>

If you prefer to run scripts directly on your machine, you will need Node.js installed locally. You will also need to change occurrences of `db` and `host.docker.internal` to `localhost` in all the scripts.

## Planning Considerations

### Mapping User Attributes

<MappingUserAttributes migration_source_name={'exported'} />

### Social Logins

<SocialLoginMigration />

### Other Entities

<OtherEntitiesIntro migration_source_name={'your Custom Authentication System'} other_migrated_entities="connections or roles" />

* If your application makes use of roles, FusionAuth has [roles](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/roles) that are configured on an application-by-application basis and made available in a token after successful authentication.
* In FusionAuth, you can manage a set of users via a [Tenant](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenants).
* If your application sends emails like forgotten password notifications, FusionAuth has this functionality, and [the templates are customizable](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/).
* In FusionAuth,  custom user attributes are stored on the `user.data` field and are dynamic, searchable, and unlimited in size. Any valid JSON value may be stored in this field.
* If your application uses multi-factor authentication (MFA), FusionAuth [supports MFA](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/multi-factor-authentication), and you can enable it for a tenant and configure it for a user at any time.

#### Identifiers

When you create an object with the FusionAuth API, you can specify the Id. It must be a [UUID](/docs/reference/data-types#uuids). This works for users, applications, tenants, and others.

## Exporting Users

Let's consider a minimal web application to demonstrate how to migrate users and authentication to FusionAuth. This example app only has a sign-in page, a restricted account details page, and a PostgreSQL database with a single table to hold user passwords.


### Create An Example Application With Custom Authentication

To get the code used in this tutorial, clone the Git repository below.

```sh
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-import-scripts
```

The `generic` directory contains all the code you need for this tutorial, and `generic/exampleData` contains the output of the scripts.

Navigate to the `generic/src` directory.

```sh
cd fusionauth-import-scripts/generic/src
```

Start a Docker container for the app and database by running the command below in a terminal.

```sh
docker compose --file 1_appDockerCompose.yaml up
```

### Create The User Table

Now that the database is running, you need to create a table to hold users. Open a new terminal in the `fusionauth-import-scripts/generic/src` directory and run the command below.

```sh
docker exec --interactive --tty app sh
```

This will connect to the app container running in Docker and start an interactive terminal. You will run all the JavaScript scripts in this interactive Docker terminal. Run the code below in this terminal to create the user table.

```sh
cd /workspace
npm install
node 2_createUser.mjs
```

The `2_createUser.mjs` script creates a table with the text fields `email`, `hash`, and `salt`.

If you want to see the table, browse the database in any database IDE that can connect to PostgreSQL. [DBeaver](https://dbeaver.io/download) is a free, cross-platform IDE you can use.

Create a new connection to `localhost`, port `7770`, database `p`, username `p`, and password `p`. Open the connection and expand the database tables to see the `user` table.

### Run The Web App

Run the command below in the interactive Docker terminal to start the minimal Express web app.

```sh
node 3_webApp.mjs
```

Browse to `http://localhost:7771/account`. This is a restricted page. Since you are not authenticated, you are not able to view it.

Browse to `http://localhost:7771`. On the authentication page displayed, enter a random email like `user@example.com` and password `password`.

The user will be created in the database, and you will be redirected to the account page. Now you will be able to see the page as you have a cookie in your browser with the user's email address.

Open `3_webApp.mjs` and take a look. It has two GET routes to display the home page and account page. The POST route for the home page is more complex. It does the following:
- Checks if username and password have been entered.
- Queries the database to see if the email exists.
  - If the email exists, compares the password hash in the database with the hash of the password entered.
  - If not, creates the user and saves their password hashed with a random UUID salt.

The `getHash` function at the bottom of the file creates a password hash using SHA256. This is a simple algorithm, [supported natively by FusionAuth](/docs/reference/password-hashes#salted-sha-256). If your real application uses an uncommon hashing algorithm, you can [write a custom hashing plugin for FusionAuth](/docs/extend/code/password-hashes/writing-a-plugin).

In the interactive Docker terminal, click Ctrl + C to stop the application server.

### Create A Users File

Run the command below in the interactive Docker terminal to export your users to the file `users.json`.

```sh
node 4_exportUsers.mjs
```

In reality, you could create a JSON file of users from your application in whatever language suits you — most likely a SQL script run directly against your database.

The next script, `5_convertUserToFaUser.mjs`, is the most important. It maps the fields of `users.json` to FusionAuth fields. The tiny example app has only email and password, so you will want to alter this script significantly for your real app. The attributes of the User object in FusionAuth are [well documented here](/docs/apis/users).

The script uses `stream-json`, a JSON library that can incrementally read massive files with millions of users. It opens the `users.json` file for reading in the line `new Chain([fs.createReadStream(inputFilename), parser(), new StreamArray(),]);`. For more information, read https://github.com/uhop/stream-json. The `processUsers()` function calls `getFaUserFromUser()` to map your user to FusionAuth, and then saves them to an `faUsers.json` file.

The `getFaUserFromUser()` function does a few things:
- Maps as many matching fields from your app to FusionAuth as possible.
- Stores all user details that don't map to FusionAuth in the `data` field.
- Uses the hashing algorithm name in `faUser.encryptionScheme = 'salted-sha256';`. The salt is converted to Base64 to meet FusionAuth requirements.
- Adds Registrations (a Role link between a User and an Application) for users. You will need to change these Ids to match those of your application when doing a real migration.

If you are uncertain about what a user attribute in FusionAuth does, read more in the [user guide](/docs/apis/users), as linked in the [general migration guide](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users).

In the interactive Docker terminal, run the script with the following command.

```sh
node 5_convertUserToFaUser.mjs
```

Your output should be valid JSON and look like the file `fusionauth-import-scripts/generic/exampleData/faUsers.json`.

## Importing Users

If you are not already running FusionAuth or want to test this process on another instance, you can start FusionAuth in Docker.

Open a new terminal in the `fusionauth-import-scripts` directory and run the commands below.

```sh
cd generic/fusionAuthDockerFiles
docker compose up
```

FusionAuth will now be running and accessible at `http://localhost:9011`. You can log in to the [FusionAuth admin UI](http://localhost:9011/admin) with `admin@example.com` and `password`. The container is called `fa`.

This configuration makes use of a bootstrapping feature of FusionAuth called [Kickstart](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/kickstart), defined in `fusionauth-import-scripts/generic/fusionAuthDockerFiles/kickstart/kickstart.json`. When FusionAuth comes up for the first time, it will look at the `kickstart.json` file and configure FusionAuth to the specified state. In summary, the defined Kickstart sets up an API Key, an admin user to log in with, a theme, and a Test application in FusionAuth.

Now you have the users file `faUsers.json`, and FusionAuth is running. To import the users into FusionAuth, you need to run the Node.js import script.

In the interactive Docker terminal, run the command below.

```sh
node 6_importUsers.mjs
```

This script uses the FusionAuth SDK for Node.js `@fusionauth/typescript-client`. It's used only for a single operation, `fa.importUsers(importRequest)`. For more information, read the [FusionAuth TypeScript Client Library](/docs/sdks/typescript) documentation.

This script imports users individually. If this is too slow when running the production migration, wrap the `importUsers()` FusionAuth SDK call in a loop that bundles users in batches of 1000.

### Verify The Import

If the migration script ran successfully, you should be able to log in to the `Test` application with one of the imported users. In the [FusionAuth admin UI](http://localhost:9011/admin), navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Test</Breadcrumb>. Click the <InlineUIElement>View</InlineUIElement> button (green magnifying glass) next to the application and note the <InlineField>OAuth IdP login URL</InlineField>.

<img src={`/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/${migration_source_dir}/find-login-url.png`} alt="Application login URL." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Copy this URL and open it in a new incognito browser window. (If you don’t use an incognito window, the admin user session will interfere with the test.) You should see the login screen. Enter username `user@example.com` and password `password`. Login should work.

<Aside type="note">
  After a successful test login, the user will be redirected to a URL like `https://example.com/?code=2aUqU0ZhQCjtz0fnrFL_i7wxhIAh7cTfxAXEIpJE-5w&locale=en&userState=AuthenticatedNotRegistered`.

  This occurs because you haven't set up a web application to handle the authorization code redirect yet. This will be done in the [Use FusionAuth As Your Authentication Provider](#use-fusionauth-as-your-authentication-provider) section.
</Aside>

Next, log in to the [FusionAuth admin UI](http://localhost:9011/admin) with `admin@example.com` and password `password`. Review the user entries to ensure the data was correctly imported.

<img src={`/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/${migration_source_dir}/list-users.png`} alt="List of imported users." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Click the <InlineUIElement>Manage</InlineUIElement> button (black button) to the right of a user in the list of users to review the details of the imported user’s profile. In the <InlineUIElement>Source</InlineUIElement> tab, you can see all the user details as a JSON object.

#### Debug With The FusionAuth Database

If you have errors logging in, you can use the FusionAuth database directly to see if your users were imported, and check their hashes manually.

You can use any PostgreSQL browser. DBeaver will work. The connection details are in the files `docker-compose.yml` and `.env` in the `fusionauth-import-scripts/generic/fusionAuthDockerFiles/` directory.

In your database IDE, create a new PostgreSQL connection with the following details:

- <InlineField>URL:</InlineField> `jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/fusionauth`
- <InlineField>Host:</InlineField> `localhost`
- <InlineField>Port:</InlineField> `5432`
- <InlineField>Database:</InlineField> `fusionauth`
- <InlineField>Username:</InlineField> `fusionauth`
- <InlineField>Password:</InlineField> `hkaLBM3RVnyYeYeqE3WI1w2e4Avpy0Wd5O3s3`

Log in to the database and browse to `Databases/fusionauth/Schemas/public/Tables`. The `identities` and `users` tables will show the login credentials and user personal information.

## Use FusionAuth As Your Authentication Provider

Now that your users have been migrated into FusionAuth, how do you authenticate them in your app?

The first step is to set your OAuth callback URL in the [FusionAuth admin UI](http://localhost:9011/admin). Under <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> edit your `Test` application and set the <InlineField>Authorized redirect URLs</InlineField> to `http://localhost:7771/callback`.

<img src={`/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/${migration_source_dir}/authorised-redirect.png`} alt="Authorised redirect URL." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Now run the command below in the interactive Docker terminal to see the original Express app rewritten to use FusionAuth for authentication.

```sh
node 7_webAppWithFa.mjs
```

Browse to `http://localhost:7771`. You'll see that the sign-in page has been replaced by FusionAuth. You can style this page however you like. For more information, see the full [quickstart guide for Express](/docs/get-started/quickstarts/web/quickstart-javascript-express-web).

The new application code looks very similar to the original, except that the login and hashing code has been replaced by OAuth 2.0 calls to FusionAuth via the Node.js [Passport library](https://www.npmjs.com/package/passport).

<Aside type='caution'>
 Note that the `authOptions` object defined at the bottom stores secrets directly in the code. In reality, you should move these to a `.env` file that is not checked into GitHub. Be sure to use `host.docker.internal` instead of `localhost` for URLs that call a server directly (browser URLs still use `localhost`).
</Aside>

### Delete The Docker Containers

Push Ctrl + C in all terminals to stop the Docker instances. Run the code below on your host machine to remove the Docker containers and images if you are done testing.

```sh
docker rm app app_db fa fa_db
docker rmi postgres:16.2-alpine3.19 node:alpine3.19 fusionauth/fusionauth-app:latest postgres:16.0-bookworm
```

## What To Do Next

The sample application uses a relatively old and weak hashing algorithm, though not terrible. You might want to rehash your users' passwords on their next login with a stronger algorithm. To enable this setting, follow these [instructions](/docs/extend/code/password-hashes/custom-password-hashing#rehashing-user-passwords).

<WhatNext />

## Additional Support

<AdditionalSupport />

# Migrate Users

import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import RehashingUserPasswords from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_rehashing-user-passwords.mdx';
import SocialLoginMigration from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_social-login-migration.mdx';
import LdapConnectorReconcile from 'src/content/docs/_shared/lambda/_ldap-connector-reconcile.mdx';
import MfaMigration from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/_mfa-migration.mdx';
import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import SlowMigrationTimeline from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_slow-migration-timeline.mdx';
import PerformanceTips from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/_performance-tips.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import EnterprisePlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_enterprise-plan-blurb.astro';

Often you are migrating to FusionAuth from another solution, whether a homegrown or vendor solution.

The guides in this section will help you understand and prepare for the migration process.

There are three tools you can use to import users into FusionAuth.

* The User API
* SCIM
* Connectors

FusionAuth supports importing all your user data (storing any non-standard info in `user.data`), roles, groups, application associations, refresh tokens (so that someone using a TV app, for example, won't have to log in again), and password hashes.

### The User API

When importing only a few users, you can use the [Create User API](/docs/apis/users) to import users individually. This is typically done using [a client library](/docs/sdks). With this method, you cannot migrate users' passwords.

The User API is a good choice when:

* You have only a few users to migrate.
* You don't have passwords for users (for example, if they have authenticated using a social provider like Google).
* You are migrating users into a FusionAuth instance that contains pre-existing users.

The User API also allows bulk import, which is discussed in its own section later in this article.

### SCIM

<EnterprisePlanBlurb />

[System for Cross-domain Identity Management, or SCIM,](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/scim) allows you to migrate and provision users from other systems, such as Azure AD or Okta, into FusionAuth.

SCIM is a good choice when:

* You need continuous user migration and user account deactivation.
* You have a source of user data that supports SCIM and is a SCIM client.

Learn more about the [basics of SCIM](/articles/identity-basics/what-is-scim) or [how to use SCIM with FusionAuth](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/scim).

## Using FusionAuth Without Importing Users

You don't have to store user information in FusionAuth. You can instead use FusionAuth in a purely federated way — to authenticate users with an external identity provider.

There are two ways to do this:

- If your existing user store supports SAML or OIDC, you should be able to use an [identity provider](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/identity-providers). You will need to modify the theme and probably want to use a hint.
- If your existing user store supports LDAP or a JSON API, you can use [Connectors](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors/) (a paid feature) without migrating.

In both cases, FusionAuth communicates with your user store through a facade, not directly with the database. Direct database access isn't supported.

## Migration Types

Every migration involves a backfill, in which data is transferred from the old system to the new system, and a cutover, in which users authenticate with the new system rather than the old one.

There are three approaches to user migration:

* **Bulk** migration, also called **offline** or **big bang** migration, migrates all users at once. With this approach, you have one cutover.
* **Segment-by-segment** migration segments your users, resulting in multiple cutovers, each with a natural chunk of users.
* **Slow** migration, also called **rolling**, **gradual**, **online**, or **phased** migration, migrates each user as they authenticate. With this choice, there are two cutover points. The first is the application cutover, which happens when you direct users to FusionAuth for authentication. Then as each user logs in, the data is migrated and the user's system of record changes. This results in many data cutover events.

Each approach migrates user and other account data into FusionAuth from one or more other systems of record. All three options are supported by FusionAuth. Consider how many cutovers you want to handle and pick the one that works best for your situation.

Here's a high-level flow chart explaining your choices based on the data you have.

```mermaid
graph TD
hashes(Do you have access to password hashes and salts?) -- Yes --> pluginchoice(Using custom hashing algorithm?)
pluginchoice -- Yes --> writeplugin[Write custom password hashing algorithm]
pluginchoice -- No --> segmentchoice(Users naturally split into segments?)
segmentchoice -- No --> bulk[Bulk migration using User Import API]
segmentchoice -- Yes --> segment[Segment by segment migration using User Import API]
writeplugin --> segmentchoice
hashes -- No --> passwordreset(Resetting all user passwords acceptable?)
passwordreset -- No --> slowmigration[Slow migration]
passwordreset -- Yes --> segmentchoice2(Users naturally split into segments?)
segmentchoice2 -- No --> bulk2[Bulk migration using User Import API]
segmentchoice2 -- Yes --> segment2[Segment by segment migration using User Import API]
bulk2 --> reset[Reset users' passwords using API]
segment2 --> reset

linkStyle 2,3,6,7,9,11 stroke:red
linkStyle default stroke:green
```

Let's examine each approach in more detail.

### Bulk (Offline) Migration

With a bulk migration, you are moving all your users at once. The exact duration varies, but there is a single cutover period. The basic steps are:

* Map user attributes from the old system to the new system.
* Build a set of migration scripts or programs.
* Test it well. Ensure that migration accuracy and duration meet your needs.
* Plan to modify your applications to point to the new system.
* When you are ready to migrate, bring your systems down or to a mode where authentication is degraded (read-only or disallowed).
* Run the migration scripts or programs.
* Perform the cutover and flip the system of record for all your users from the old system to the new.

Bulk migration lets you import users at a single point in time, making for a clean cutover. You can import password hashes, including hashes performed with a custom, non-standard algorithm, making migration seamless for your users. You use the [User Import API](/docs/apis/users#import-users) to perform this. You can also [import refresh tokens](/docs/apis/users#import-refresh-tokens) if you want your users to be able to refresh access tokens transparently. When using the [User Import API](/docs/apis/users#import-users), you should only import batches of fewer than 10,000 users per request. After completing a migration you should [reindex of the Elasticsearch database](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search#reindexing-elasticsearch) as well.

This approach has strengths:

* If you manage the timing of auth unavailability, the migration can have minimal impact on users.
* It has a fixed timeframe. When you have completed the migration, you're done and can shortly shut down the original system.
* If you have to decommission the old system by a certain deadline, perhaps due to an upcoming license renewal or other external factors, you can plan to migrate before the deadline.
* You only have to run two production user auth systems for a short period of time; typically you'll run the original system after the cutover in case you need to roll back.
* Employees or contractors accessing user data, such as customer service reps, only need to switch their working routines after the migration has been performed.

The bulk approach has some challenges, though.

* It is common to miss issues during testing because this is a unique procedure. Production systems are often subtly different from testing environments.
* Any problems with the migration impact many users, since all are migrated.
* The bulk migration requires you to write code that you'll test intensely, use once, and then throw away.
* The new auth system must be compatible with the old system's password hashing algorithm for the migration to be transparent to the end user. (An alternative is to force all users to reset their password.)
* New users may not register during migration, nor may users alter their data, or the changes will not be available in the new system. This means migration has to be as fast as possible. Alternatively, you could allow users to continue using the old system during migration, then perform a final synchronization of data once the migration is complete and the cutover has occurred.

A bulk migration is a good choice when:

* You want to migrate all of the users at once.
* You are migrating into a new FusionAuth instance.
* You have access to password hashes from a previous auth system.

In short, this is a high-risk, low-outage-duration, high-reward solution.

### Segment-By-Segment Migration

Segment-by-segment migration is the second alternative. It can be thought of as a series of "little bang" migrations. With this approach, you split your user accounts into segments and migrate each segment. Natural division points could be the type of user, source of user data, or applications used.

Such a migration lets you test your processes in production by migrating less critical, or more understanding, sets of users first. The engineering team will be more understanding of any migration issues than paying customers, for instance. You will probably be able to reuse code in each segment's migration scripts. This approach works well when you have more than one old system from which you are migrating users. In general, this approach decreases risk when compared to a bulk migration.

However, this approach is not without its issues:

* You have multiple projects, downtime periods, and cutovers to manage, not just one.
* There may be no natural divisions in your user base.
* If most of the users are in one segment, this approach may not be worth the extra effort. For example, if you have one popular application and a couple of nascent applications, the extra work to migrate in phases may not be useful. You won't get a real test of the migration process until you do the popular application, which is where all the risk is.
* This will take longer to complete, requiring you to run both old and new systems for longer.
* You'll need to consider how to handle the cutover from the old system to the new system. Depending on how you segment your users, this could be complicated and require additional development. For example, if you divide your users by type and migrate the admin user segment first, you will need some kind of proxy in front of your auth systems to send admin users to the new system and normal users to the old one.

Segment-by-segment migration decreases cutover risk but requires a longer cutover timeline in exchange.

### User-By-User (Slow) Migration

This approach is a logical extension of segment-by-segment migration. Here, each segment is a single user. With a slow migration, you move users one at a time when they log in. You keep the other system running and set up a connection between them. This means you don't have to have access to the underlying password hashes or other user information. With FusionAuth, you implement a slow migration using [Connectors](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors/).

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

Connectors allow you to migrate users transparently, one by one. Learn how to [use Connectors with FusionAuth](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors).

With a slow migration:

* User attributes are mapped from the old system to the new system.
* A connection is established between the original auth system and FusionAuth.
* You then modify your application or applications to point to FusionAuth. This is the application cutover point, which may require some downtime.
* FusionAuth receives all auth requests, but delegates the first such request for each user to the original user management system.
* The old system returns the information and FusionAuth creates a new user. This is the data "cutover" point for this user.
* For this user's subsequent authentication requests, FusionAuth is now the system of record. The user has been migrated.

To implement a slow migration, FusionAuth needs to pass each user's auth credentials to the old system and expect the user information being migrated. You also need to modify applications to point to FusionAuth before any migration starts. A slow migration has the following benefits.

* Since you are only doing a user migration at the time a user authenticates, the blast radius of a mistake is smaller; it's limited to whoever is logging in.
* You can upgrade your password hash algorithms transparently without requiring anyone to reset their password. FusionAuth supports a [number of different algorithms](/docs/reference/password-hashes) and you can also [bring your own](/docs/extend/code/password-hashes/writing-a-plugin) as well.
* You don't have to migrate inactive users; this lets you scrub your user base.
* You can use this opportunity to contact any dormant application users and encourage them to log in.
* There's less downtime during the application cutover because you aren't moving any data, only switching where users authenticate.
* You don't have to understand all the moving pieces of the old auth system. You don't have to understand all the business logic that goes into authentication in the old system.

However, a slow migration isn't the right solution for every application. Issues to be aware of:

* You pass a user's plaintext password from FusionAuth to the old auth system, take special care to secure this data in transit. If possible, keep it from traveling over the internet.
* The old user management solution must be extensible or support a standard like LDAP. You may need to extend it to add an auth API and you need to understand the user account attributes.
* You have to run both FusionAuth and the original system for the duration of the migration. Depending on the state of the old user auth management software, this may be painful.
* Customer service and other internal users may need to access two systems to find a user during the migration period.
* Rollback from a phased migration is more complex if there are issues because there are two systems of record, one for migrated users and one for users still in the old system.

A slow migration is a good choice when:

* You don't have access to password hashes or other data from the previous auth system.
* You are comfortable running two different auth systems for a while.
* You are migrating users into a FusionAuth instance that contains pre-existing users

In short, slow migration is a low-risk, long-duration choice.

Read the [Slow Migration of User Data](/articles/identity-basics/slow-migration) blog post to learn more about slow migrations.

## Migration Implementation

Now that you understand the different approaches, let's look at how to implement each one.

However, before we do so, there are certain common steps. The first is getting familiar with FusionAuth's nomenclature. Taking a moment to do so will save you time when searching for documentation or writing code against the FusionAuth APIs.

### FusionAuth Core Concepts

The [Core Concepts section](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/) is worth reviewing to help you plan your migration and future FusionAuth usage. Important FusionAuth concepts are users, applications, roles, groups, registration,s and tenants. Here's a short summary of how they relate:

* A tenant is a top-level object that contains users, applications, and groups.
* Applications have roles. Users authenticate and are authorized to access applications.
* Groups contain users and may have associated roles.
* Users have registrations with applications. You can create registrations at the same time you are creating a user.

All entities have a [UUID](/docs/reference/data-types#uuids) identifier. This Id can be specified on creation, but must be a valid UUID. If you have an identifier that is not a valid UUID, one option is to store the old Id in the `data` field of the FusionAuth configuration.

#### Evaluating FusionAuth

If you haven't already done so, ensure FusionAuth will work with your application or applications. You can [install it in about five minutes](/docs/get-started/start-here/step-1) and build a prototype.

A prototype is helpful for determining which [login method](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/integration-points#login-options) you should use and how to [theme the hosted login pages](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/) to maintain your application's look and feel.

FusionAuth assigns users roles. A user's roles are available in API responses and in the [JWT (JSON Web Token)](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/login-api/json-web-tokens) sent to client applications after successful user authentication. You may need to update your application to look at the `roles` claim to allow or disallow functionality within an application.

You may choose to use a language-specific library to interface with FusionAuth's standards-compliant SAML, OAuth, and OIDC endpoints. There are [sample applications](/docs/get-started/quickstarts/) you can review to see examples of such integrations. You may also choose to use one of FusionAuth's [client libraries](/docs/sdks/).

If you allow users to register with your application, modify your application to point to FusionAuth's registration form and ensure you capture the registration data you need.

If you want social sign-on (such as Google) or enterprise identity provider integration (such as SAML), configure and enable those providers as well.

Testing FusionAuth's ability to integrate with your identity providers and existing applications before diving into the migration planning will ensure that there won't be any unpleasant surprises during cutover.

Next, let's talk about migration planning.

### Migration Planning And Assessment

The first step to any successful data migration is planning, and user data migration is no different. You need to know:

* Where all your data sources are
* Who uses the data from each source
* If your application can work with the auth system in a read-only configuration
* How to connect to each datasource
* What the user and account data looks like
* Special considerations such as SAML migration
* Which migration approach fits your needs: bulk, segment-by-segment, or slow migration

A full explanation of data migration planning is beyond the scope of this guide, but here are items to consider when moving user data:

Think about the edge cases. What fields are required and optional in the old auth system or systems? FusionAuth requires minimal data about a user; only a password and username or email are required.

Is there clean one-to-one mapping between the original system's auth fields and FusionAuth? The answer is usually "No," so plan to spend some time examining the current system's data and seeing how it maps to FusionAuth's user schema, [as documented](/docs/apis/users). We'll look at an example of a mapping process in the next section.

What should you do if you have data that doesn't map cleanly to any of the fields available in FusionAuth? FusionAuth provides a `data` field on a number of entities, including the user entity and application registrations. This `data` field can be used to store arbitrary key-value data and is a good place to save any fields from the old system that don't map well to the FusionAuth user or application registration data models. In fact, it's often useful to store all the original user data in this field, so that you have it should you need it post-migration. Having access to the original, unmigrated data can be helpful in the future. If there were mistranslated fields or data, you'll be able to examine what was present in the old system without accessing it.

Consider how to handle unexpected data during the migration process. You can save it off the record for further examination, toss it as malformed, or ignore only the fields containing unexpected data. Which choice you make depends on your business needs and the value of each account.

Don't forget to handle relationships between users and other identity-related entities. Groups, application associations, roles, historical data, and anything else from the old system that is tied to a user account. Find out where this data is coming from, if it should be migrated, and where it will end up. Such auxiliary data can be stored in FusionAuth, but another datastore is sometimes more suitable.

There are two common types of data involved in a user data migration that are worth closer examination.

The first is user Ids. These identifiers are often referenced by other systems, including external ones, and may be used for auditing, analytics or other purposes. You can preserve these user Ids in two ways when moving to FusionAuth.

* If the original system has user ids which are [FusionAuth compatible UUIDs](/docs/reference/data-types#uuids), specify that user Id when you import each user into FusionAuth.
* If your user Ids are not FusionAuth compatible, store the Id in the `user.data` field under a key such as `original_user_id`. You will then be able to search on this value when you need to retrieve a user by their old Id.

The second is user passwords (and related fields, such as a salt or hashing scheme). Dealing with this data depends on your migration approach. For a bulk or segment-by-segment migration, ensure FusionAuth understands the original system's hashing algorithm by [writing a plugin](/docs/extend/code/password-hashes/custom-password-hashing) if the password has not been hashed in one of [FusionAuth's supported algorithms](/docs/reference/password-hashes). For a slow migration, the password will be available for FusionAuth to hash or re-hash. If you have the users' passwords in plain text, FusionAuth can also hash them on import.

If you have user data in multiple systems and plan to merge the data, map the user fields from all the old system datastores.

#### An Example Of Data Mapping

Let's examine a data mapping example. Suppose an old auth system has the following user data model (let's ignore the `email` and `password` fields, as they won't necessarily be mapped):

* `fname` - string
* `lname` - string
* `datebirth` - string
* `phone_num` - string
* `role` - string

FusionAuth has a user object with these attributes and data types:

* `firstName` - string
* `lastName` - string
* `birthDate` - An ISO-8601 formatted date string
* `mobilePhone` - string

There are a number of mappings required.

The first is converting from `fname` to `first_name` and `lname` to `last_name`, which might seem trivial. It is, but you need to make sure you handle any field that needs to be renamed. Spreadsheets are your friend.

The second mapping task is parsing the `datebirth` field into an ISO-8601 formatted string, to be placed in the `birthDate` field. Depending on how clean the original data is, this could be simple or it could be painful. If the latter, use a date parsing library; it'll handle edge cases.

Then, consider how to handle the `phone_num` field. If you know that every number in your original datastore is a mobile number, you could use the `mobilePhone` FusionAuth field. You could also store it in `user.data` in the `user.data.phoneNumber` field, for example.

Finally, you need to map role values. Roles in FusionAuth are stored on the `registration` object because they are associated with applications and users. When creating a user, you can create a registration at the same time, and then associate any roles for that application with that registration.

In general, any user data that doesn't change between different applications should be stored on the user object. Examples include a user's name and their phone number. Here's a sample FusionAuth `User` object:

<JSON title="Example User JSON Request Body" src="users/request.json" />

Please consult the [User API](/docs/apis/users) for detailed field descriptions.

Any data associated with a user's use of an application, on the other hand, should be stored on the registration object. Examples include their roles or application-specific profile data. Here's a sample FusionAuth registration object:

<JSON title="Example User Registration JSON Request Body" src="user-registrations/create-request.json" />

Similarly, consult the [Registration API](/docs/apis/users) for the full documentation of this object.

As this example shows, getting ready for a migration consists of many choices and design decisions. Understanding your user account data model and how it maps to FusionAuth's before you write any code will prevent unpleasant surprises.

### Setting Up FusionAuth

Before you can migrate any user information into FusionAuth, ensure it is set up correctly. While you tested FusionAuth previously, it is now time to set up a production-ready instance.

Determine where your FusionAuth instances should be hosted. You can self-host in any data center or cloud provider, or use the managed services from FusionAuth, [FusionAuth Cloud](/pricing). Decide whether you need a [support plan](/pricing), with guaranteed response times. Evaluate whether you need any of the [paid plan features](/pricing).

Consider your change management strategy. How will you capture your FusionAuth settings so that you can make future configuration changes in a measured, understandable way? You can use the [community-supported Terraform provider](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/gpsinsight/fusionauth/latest) or script changes in your preferred language's [client library](/docs/sdks/).

#### Configure FusionAuth

Prepare FusionAuth for your users and applications; while the exact configuration depends on your application needs, the following items should be considered.

Create one or more tenants. Multiple tenants are useful for allowing someone to have the same email but different passwords or to have different settings, such as the theme or password rules. Add these via the API or navigate to **Tenants** and click the **green plus sign**.

![Adding a tenant.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/add-tenant.png)

Create one or many applications and add any roles they require. Create a FusionAuth application entity for each application whose users you are migrating. An application is anything a user can log in to, whether it is an API, a commercial product, or a custom web application. Add each of these via the API or navigate to **Applications** in the administrative user interface and click the **green plus sign** to add the application.

![Adding an application.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/add-application.png)

Map user attributes, as discussed above, into the FusionAuth `user` or `registration` objects. If some of your data doesn't fit into the FusionAuth model, add it to the appropriate `data` field.

All this configuration can be done via the API or the administrative user interface. If you want to use the former, you'll have to [create an API key](/docs/apis/authentication#managing-api-keys) with appropriate permissions.

Now that FusionAuth is up and running, proceed to either the [Bulk Migration Implementation](#bulk-migration-implementation), the [Segment-By-Segment Implementation](#segment-by-segment-implementation) or the [Slow Migration Implementation](#slow-migration-implementation) section.

### Bulk Migration Implementation

This section outlines how to migrate all your user data into FusionAuth with one cutover.

#### Performance

Because you have downtime with this approach, you're going to want to import users quickly. Tweak these FusionAuth settings and perform the following tasks to do so.

<PerformanceTips />

#### Building The Migration Scripts

To actually move the data, you'll build out a series of scripts and programs. To begin this process, stand up a FusionAuth instance for testing. To start your FusionAuth instance in a known state every time, you may want to configure [Kickstart](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/kickstart). A Kickstart file can serve as a foundation for developers and CI processes in the future as well.

You'll also want to [create an API key](/docs/apis/authentication#managing-api-keys). Make sure you give the key appropriate permissions. The minimum required are the `POST` method on the `/api/user/import` endpoint.

![Adding an application.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/api-key-creation.png)

You can write the migration scripts in shell, any of the supported [client library languages](/docs/sdks/), or against the [REST API](/docs/apis/users) in any language supporting HTTP requests. Iterate over all the users in the old system or systems. Build the JSON files. Add a registration for each application to which a user should have access.

<Aside type="note">
Make sure you create all your groups, tenants, and applications before you import your users. You can do that by specifying them in the Kickstart file or writing scripts to create them.
</Aside>

If you can't build JSON files on the filesystem for some reason, you may build the JSON in memory. This can be a good approach if you are dynamically merging two data sources, but will be tougher to troubleshoot.

Finally, import the JSON using the `importUsers` method of a FusionAuth client library or by calling the REST API directly. This is [fully documented](/docs/apis/users#import-users).

Here's an example of an import API JSON request body:

<JSON title="Example User Import JSON Request Body" src="users/import-request.json" />

This JSON imports one user, but you can add multiple `user` objects to the `users` array to import multiple users.

Below is an example of a curl script for importing JSON files. It times out in 10 minutes, iterates over files in a directory, and stops processing if it receives any non-`200` status code. That would indicate there was an issue importing the users.

```shell title="Example User Import Shell Script"
#!/bin/sh

API_KEY=...
JSON_FILE_DIR=...
FA_HOST=...

for file in $JSON_FILE_DIR/*.json; do
  echo "Processing $file";
  RES=`curl --max-time 600 \
       -s -w "%{http_code}" \
       -H "Authorization: $API_KEY" \
       -H "Content-type: application/json" \
       -XPOST \
       $FA_HOST/api/user/import \
       -d@$file`
  if [ "$RES" -ne "200" ]; then
    echo "Error: $RES";
    exit 1;
  fi
done
```

Consult the [Import Users API documentation](/docs/apis/users#import-users) for more information.

If the original system hashes passwords using an algorithm other than those [schemes FusionAuth supports](/docs/reference/password-hashes), write and install a [custom password hashing plugin](/docs/extend/code/password-hashes/custom-password-hashing). In either case, specify the scheme in the user import JSON file. (It is called an `encryptionScheme` for backwards compatibility, but is actually a hashing scheme.)

In FusionAuth, duplicate emails are not allowed within the same tenant. If you may have duplicate emails, de-duplicate them before importing. If you don't want to do so, set the `validateDbConstraints` property to `true` in the import JSON. When this is done, the import API will return a user-friendly error message when duplicate addresses are found.

```json title="Import Error Message When validateDbConstraints is true"
{
  "fieldErrors": {
    "user.email": [{
      "code": "[duplicate]user.email",
      "message": "A User with email [example@piedpiper.com] already exists."
    }]
  }
}
```

```json title="Import Error Message When validateDbConstraints is false"
{
  "generalErrors": [{
    "code": "[ImportRequestFailed]",
    "message": "An error occurred during the import request. This is most likely due to a unique key constraint which would indicate one or more of the users in the import request already exist in FusionAuth. Re-attempt the request with additional validation by using the [validateDbConstraints] property. If you have already enabled the additional validation and you still receive this error, please open a bug report."
  }]
}
```

The extra validation comes at a performance cost, however, so you may want to run your import with `validateDbConstraints` equal to `true` to find the duplicate email addresses and remove or remediate them. After that, you can run an import with `validateDbConstraints` equal to `false` and reap the performance benefits.

#### Rehashing User Passwords

<RehashingUserPasswords />

#### Users Without Passwords

The import API expects users to have passwords. If you are migrating some users without passwords, you have a couple of options.

You can assign them a high entropy password such as a UUID for the import and then use the [Forgot Password API](/docs/apis/users#start-forgot-password-workflow). This will send them an email to reset their password.

Another option is not to use the Import API. Instead, import these users one by one using the [User API](/docs/apis/users), which can optionally send a setup password email.

Note that both methods rely on sending an email to these users. It's worth reviewing how many users will fall into this bucket and ensuring that your email-sending infrastructure is capable of handling the requests.

#### Users With Social Logins

<SocialLoginMigration />

#### Users With MFA

<MfaMigration />

#### Testing

Test this import process with as large a dataset as possible. If you can, use your entire user dataset. Testing with a realistically sized load lets you know how long your import will take. Real-world data will reveal edge cases, such as duplicate emails or incorrectly formatted user attributes.

Even if you aren't using multiple tenants in production, during the testing phase it is a good idea to create a `Testing` tenant and load all your users and applications into this tenant. You can drop a tenant with one API call or one click in the administrative user interface. All the users, applications, groups, and settings of that tenant will be removed at that point, making it easy to iterate your import scripts.

However, you cannot drop the `Default` tenant containing the FusionAuth application. This is why you must create a new tenant. Alternatively, you could also drop the entire database and perform a fresh FusionAuth install.

When you have an import working well, test your assumptions by pointing applications to FusionAuth for authentication. You've probably made some application changes for the proof of concept, but now test with the real user data that you've just migrated.

#### Performing The Migration

When your scripts work in your testbed environment, prepare to do a production migration. Inform all the internal stakeholders. Plan for downtime unless you can run your application with the original user store in a read-only mode. How much downtime? You should know based on your testing of the import.

Run the migration on your production dataset, moving the data from the original system to FusionAuth. When the migration is finished, release your application changes. All applications should point to FusionAuth for authentication requests and related user flows, including, but not limited to:

* Login
* Registration, if applicable
* Forgot password
* Password changes

Should you need to roll back, revert the changes to your application pointing it to FusionAuth. If users have updated profile data in FusionAuth, you'll need to port those changes back to your legacy system. A script using the user API and searching for users with recent updates will be a good starting point, though the exact data rollback will be application-dependent.

### Segment-By-Segment Implementation

A segment-by-segment migration is similar to the above bulk migration, except that you split your user data into segments and migrate each segment. Logical user database segmentation points include by application or by role. However, the planning, mapping, and execution are similar, just done for smaller chunks of users and multiple times.

However, the application cutover process with this approach is not as simple. You can't simply send all your users to FusionAuth when you haven't migrated all of them.

Which users are sent to FusionAuth depends on how you create your segments. If you split on application usage, update one application to send any authenticating users to FusionAuth. If you split your users based on other attributes, build logic in your application to determine where to send a user when they log in.

### Slow Migration Implementation

With FusionAuth, slow migrations use [Connectors](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors/).

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

#### Determine Your Finish Line

Unlike bulk migrations, you need to set a migration completion goal for slow migrations. A slow migration moves accounts one user at a time, so it is unlikely you'll migrate one hundred percent of your users through this approach. Some people log in to your application rarely, while others may have abandoned their accounts. No matter how long a migration period you allow, some of your users will not log in during that time frame, and therefore won't be migrated.

So, with this approach, you need to decide what "done" means. Some factors to consider:

* How often do people log in?
* Is there a significant long tail of users who visit the application less frequently than the average user?
* Are there external events such as times of the year or holidays when greater or lesser numbers of users engage with your application?
* What are the ramifications of a user being unable to log in? Are there business, compliance, legal, or security concerns?
* Is the loss of timely access to your application an annoyance or a disaster?
* You will have some users who have not migrated when the slow migration period is over. How will you handle those accounts?
* How painful is it to operate both FusionAuth and your current authentication system?
* How valuable is a customer who has not logged in to your application in six months? A year? Three years?

Based on these answers, set a goal for a number or proportion of migrated users, the duration of the migration period, or both. If you don't have this, you don't know when to stop the migration. Set a cadence for how often you'll check the number of migrated users and compare it with your goal.

Make sure you can regularly query FusionAuth to know the number of migrated accounts. To do so, set a value on the `user.data` object, such as `user.data.migrated`, indicating successful migration. You'll also need to ensure you are using the Elasticsearch search engine, but [you can switch easily](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search/switch-search-engines).

#### Migration Timeline

Communicate a timeline for migration to interested parties.

<SlowMigrationTimeline />

#### Connect To The Original System

With a slow migration, FusionAuth connects to your previous datastore every time a user not currently in FusionAuth authenticates. This connection requires either an HTTP API request or an LDAP call.

If your current user datastore is an LDAP directory, such as ActiveDirectory or OpenLDAP, then you don't need to do anything special to enable the connection; FusionAuth knows how to communicate with LDAP servers.

If, on the other hand, your datastore is not LDAP, you'll need to build an HTTP API and use a Generic Connector. This API must take a login request in JSON format and authenticate the user against the old datastore, but can be written in any language that can output JSON.

<JSON title="Example of a Migrate on Authentication Login Request JSON Document" src="login/request.json" />

This API should return a FusionAuth login response, which includes the `User` object as well as a JWT:

<JSON title="Example of a Successful Login Response JSON" src="users/login-migrated-response.json" />

This is an example of all the JSON data you could return, but you can omit most fields. The only requirement is that either the `username` or the `email` field must be returned.

The password is not included. That password will have been hashed according to your FusionAuth tenant password settings.

The generated JWT will be delivered to the client to present to any resource servers (other API servers, etc). For maximum compatibility, it should have [FusionAuth claim values](/docs/apis/jwt).

The JSON response above has a `user.data.migrated` value of `true`. This indicates that this user has been migrated. As mentioned above, adding this custom attribute allows you to query migration progress. You can read more about the [Generic Connector requirements](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors/generic-connector) in the documentation.

#### Configure Your Connector

Navigate to **Settings -> Connectors** and add a Connector. You can also configure Connectors by using the API; consult the [Connector API documentation](/docs/apis/connectors/) for more details.

![Adding a Connector.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/add-connector.png)

Configuration varies depending on whether the original datasource is an HTTP API or an LDAP directory.

##### LDAP

Configure the connection information, including the URL of the server, the method used to connect to it (LDAPS, STARTTLS), and a system account that can query across all accounts for the directory or section of the directory tree being migrated. You'll also need to specify the user attributes to be queried and returned.

Map each attribute from the LDAP directory into the FusionAuth user object. You do this with an [LDAP Connector Reconcile Lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/reconcile/ldap-connector-reconcile).

<LdapConnectorReconcile />

Make sure you uncomment the lines where `user.data.migrated` is set to `true`, as that will be needed to monitor the migration progress. More details about LDAP configuration are available in the [LDAP Connector documentation](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors/ldap-connector).

##### Generic

With a Generic Connector, configure the URL endpoint and the security settings. Unlike with the LDAP connector, there is no lambda. The mapping of the original system's user data into the FusionAuth data model is performed instead in the HTTP API logic.

Make sure you use TLS and other security measures to connect to this endpoint, since you'll be sending sensitive user information to it. Full configuration details are available in the [Generic Connector documentation](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors/generic-connector).

#### Capturing Migration Progress

As discussed above, you want to make sure you can identify that a user has been migrated, rather than created directly in FusionAuth. Having this data allows you to determine progress toward your migration goal. Ensure that every migrated user has a `user.data.migrated` attribute set to `true`. Whichever connection you use, make sure you set this attribute, as illustrated above.

#### Testing

To test this, log some users in. If you have test users in your original auth system, you can use the [Login API](/docs/apis/login) to automate the testing:

* Confirm a user does not exist in FusionAuth
* Log a user in
* Confirm the user now exists in FusionAuth with the expected values

#### Proxying Authentication

With FusionAuth, proxying authentication requests to the original datasource is easy. You've already set up the connection information when configuring the Connector. Now associate the Connector to the tenant. This is called a Connector policy. Navigate to **Tenants -> Your Tenant -> Connectors** and add a policy.

![Adding a Connector policy.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/add-connector-policy.png)

Make sure to check the <InlineField>Migrate user</InlineField> checkbox. Then, each user will be authenticated against the original user datastore the first time they are seen. Their data will then be migrated to FusionAuth. On subsequent logins, they'll authenticate with FusionAuth. You can learn more about configuring Connector policies in the [Connector documentation](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors/).

#### Modify Your Application

Unlike with a bulk approach, there is no protracted downtime. You simply need to release the changes required for users to authenticate against FusionAuth after configuring and testing the Connectors. Make sure you record the number of accounts in the old system just before cutover.

Should you need to rollback, revert all changes made to your application which direct users to FusionAuth. If users updated their profile data in FusionAuth, you'll need to port those changes back to your original system. A script using the user API will be a good starting point.

After you release this modified version of your application, your users will begin their transparent migration into FusionAuth.

#### Monitor Progress

You can monitor your progress by comparing the number of users who have successfully migrated with the number of users in the original auth system. To query FusionAuth, run this shell script:

```shell title="Counting the number of migrated users"
API_KEY=...
FA_HOST=...
curl -H "Authorization: $API_KEY" $FA_HOST'/api/user/search?queryString=data.migrated%3Atrue%0A&accurateTotal=true'

# If you're using the default Docker FusionAuth Kickstart sample project, the command would be:
# curl -vH "Authorization: 33052c8a-c283-4e96-9d2a-eb1215c69f8f-not-for-prod" http://localhost:9011/api/user/search?queryString=data.migrated%3Atrue%0A&accurateTotal=true
```

Here's an example of the output:

```json title="Results of the FusionAuth migrated user query"
{"total":629,"users": [ ... ] }
```

However you retrieve the number of users migrated, regularly compare it to the number of accounts in the original system before the migration began. This ratio will determine whether it is time to end the slow migration.

#### Remove The Proxy

When it is time to stop the slow migration, remove the Connector policy. All future logins will take place against FusionAuth.

![Removing a Connector policy.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/delete-connector-policy.png)

You may also optionally remove the Connector.

#### Handle Unmigrated Users

At this point, decide how to handle users who haven't been migrated. You may be able to find these users by subtracting the set of migrated users from the users in the original system. You may also be able to query the original system directly and note who has not signed in since the slow migration started.

You considered this situation while planning your migration, but now need to implement the decision. You could:

* Notify them and encourage them to log in. You can contact them with a message such as the following.

  ```
  If you don’t log in by DATE, your account will be deleted.
  ```

* Archive or delete the accounts and their corresponding data. When one of these users comes to your site and tries to sign in, they won't have an account and will be forced to re-register, having lost their data.
* Move them to FusionAuth via a bulk migration of all unmigrated users.
* Extend the time running both systems; that is, set a new goal and continue the slow migration.

You can mix and match these approaches. For example, you could migrate all paying customers, even those who haven't signed in during the migration period. At the same time you could archive the data of free accounts; those potential customers may have been trialing your application and may even have forgotten they have an account.

#### The Forgot Password Use Case

What happens when a user forgets their password and attempts to reset it, but you are in the middle of a slow migration? There are two scenarios:

* The user has been migrated and has an account in FusionAuth
* The user has not been migrated and still only has an account in the legacy system

In either case, when a user submits a forgot password request, FusionAuth will display a message similar to the following.

```
We've sent you an email containing a link that will allow you to reset your password. Once you receive the email, follow the instructions to change your password.
```

An email will only be sent in the first case, where the user exists in FusionAuth. In the second case, the user will never receive an email.

Why, then, is this message displayed for both sets of users?

The answer is that FusionAuth *can't distinguish* between users that haven't been migrated and users that don't exist. In order to secure your user data and prevent enumeration attacks, FusionAuth doesn't reveal whether there is a valid account for a given username or email.

If FusionAuth were to display a `There is no account in the system` message for a user who had not been migrated, attackers could determine whether an account existed, by trying different values and noting the different error messages.

This unfortunately means that the "Forgot Password" experience isn't as smooth during migration as it is afterward.

The current recommendation is to update the error message to something like:

```
We've sent you an email containing a link that will allow you to reset your password. Once you receive the email follow the instructions to change your password. If you don't receive an email, please check your spam folder or contact customer service.
```

Make sure you provide a link to a form, phone number, or other means of contacting customer service. Customer service representatives can then check to see whether the user has been migrated or not.

A customer service representative can trigger a password reset email from the appropriate user data store. You can do that from within the FusionAuth administrative user interface.

![Resetting the password of a user.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/reset-user-password.png)

Alternatively, if the user has not been migrated, the customer service representative can look up the user and then reset their password in the legacy system.

The message displayed in the user interface when someone enters the "forgot password" flow can be modified by changing the `forgot-password-message-sent` property in the `messages.properties` file in [your theme](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/localization#messages).

There's an [open issue discussing how to improve this experience](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/895). Please upvote or add any comments there.

##### Other Options

You have two other options in this case, both of which require integration work.

You can look for failed logins.

* Set up a webhook for [failed login](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/login/user-login-failed).
* Check to see if the email address exists in your legacy user data store.
* If the user exists, migrate the user data via the [User API](/docs/apis/users#create-a-user), setting <InlineField>sendSetPasswordEmail</InlineField> to `true`.

This will force the user to reset their password, which may be a surprise to them, but will let them continue to access their account without contacting customer service. If you pursue this option, make sure you consider the content of the Set Password email template.

You can fire off an event to an API of your own when a user visits the forgot password page.

* Write JavaScript code that runs on the forgot password page. Install it via a custom theme. The JavaScript can fire an event with the user's email to an API endpoint written by you. Fire this event whenever a user submits a 'forgot password' form.
* Have the API endpoint look up the user in the legacy system. If the user exists in the legacy system, query to see whether they exist in FusionAuth.
* If they do not exist in FusionAuth but do in the legacy system, migrate the profile data.
* After they are migrated, trigger the [reset password email via FusionAuth API](/docs/apis/users#start-forgot-password-workflow).

#### The Registration Use Case

What happens when a user attempts to register for an application and you are in the middle of a slow migration? There are two scenarios:

* The user has been migrated and has an account in FusionAuth
* The user has not been migrated and still only has an account in the legacy system

In the first case, the normal FusionAuth behavior occurs: an error message will be displayed, prompting the user to log in.

In the second case, FusionAuth doesn't know about the user. You could let the new user register, which will create an entirely new account. If they have existing data, you could try to migrate it with a custom process.

A more straightforward approach would be to fail the registration. You can do this with webhooks. In this case, you'd use the [`user.create`](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/user-create) webhook, which fires every time a user is created.

If you set a transaction level of 'at least one webhook must succeed' and the webhook doesn't return a 200, then user creation will fail.

You can write code to receive the webhook and then check your database. If the user exists, they have not migrated yet. Return a non 2xx status code, and then update the error message to state that they must log in. If the user does not exist in your legacy database, you can return a 200 status code and the user creation and registration will complete.

The message displayed in the user interface when a webhook fails can be modified by changing the `[WebhookTransactionException]` property in the `messages.properties` file in [your theme](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/localization#messages).

#### Slow Migration Alternatives

In some cases, you may be able to implement a slow migration without a Connector. If the profile data in your original system of record doesn't change, or you can safely lose any changes, you can do a forked slow migration.

In this scenario, you place a custom proxy in front of both systems. This proxy receives the login credentials and then checks them with FusionAuth using the [Login API](/docs/apis/login). If the user does not exist on the FusionAuth system, the legacy system is called using a similar API, and the user data is then added to FusionAuth. A token is provided by the User API and can be returned to a client.

All communication should be over TLS to ensure the safety of user passwords. If possible, use an internal network to keep the passwords from traveling over the internet.

Once this proxy is up and running, you can choose when to do a bulk migration. Perform the migration, then modify the proxy to only consult FusionAuth, or remove the proxy entirely.

This approach has some downsides:

* It introduces additional complexity and means you are tied to the FusionAuth Login API. You can't take advantage of the hosted login pages and provided workflows.
* The legacy system must accept a username and password set of credentials over HTTP.
* Multi-factor authentication and social account links are not migrated.
* When compared to Connectors, profile data may become more fragmented.

But if you are trying to migrate an expected mass of new users and want to use FusionAuth for the new users while running the legacy system for older users, this approach may work.

## How To Import Users From Another FusionAuth Database?

There is no simple way to import users from one instance of FusionAuth to another. You need to treat this case as you would any other external data source. Follow the [generic migration tutorial](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/genericmigration) and modify the user [export and import scripts](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-import-scripts/tree/main/generic/src) in the example repository.

## How To Delete Users After Testing A Migration?

To reset the FusionAuth database to its original state after testing importing users, you have three options:

* Drop the database and create a new database with [Kickstart](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/kickstart) or [Terraform](/docs/operate/deploy/terraform) to create default applications, accounts, and other items.
* Import the users into a temporary tenant different from your default application tenant. Deleting the tenant will remove all users associated with that tenant. This option maintains all the other non-tenant settings (identity providers, email templates, and themes).
- Use the [bulk delete API](/docs/apis/users#bulk-delete-users) to remove users. You can start deleting blocks of 5-10k users and increase the number deleted with each API call. This is slower than the other options but has the benefit of leaving the rest of the system untouched.

## Special Considerations

Beyond migrating users, there may be other important data to import from a previous user identity datastore, or aspects to consider.

### Migrating Refresh Tokens

If you have a token-based authentication system, you may follow the common practice of using short-lived access tokens to protect resources and long-lived refresh tokens to avoid needlessly reauthenticating users. If updating this system to use FusionAuth as a token source, you can avoid invalidating all the existing refresh tokens.

You can import users' refresh tokens from the existing system into FusionAuth. Importing refresh tokens ensures that your users can enjoy an uninterrupted application experience. The next time their access token expires, each client can present a valid refresh token to FusionAuth, which will in turn issue a new signed access token.

This option is only applicable for bulk migrations, since a slow migration can re-issue a refresh token for each user at login time.

Consult the [Refresh Token Import API documentation](/docs/apis/users#import-refresh-tokens) for more information on how to import these tokens.

Users should be able to use their JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) from the previous system, especially if the JWTs are used only in APIs. You need to ensure the JWT producers and consumers have the correct signing secrets. Share the secrets between the old system and FusionAuth by using the [Keymaster](/docs/apis/keys) to import existing keys or allowing clients to look up the keys from both the old and new systems on a [JSON Web Key Set (JWKS) endpoint](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#json-web-key-set-jwks).

### Migrating SAML Configuration

If you have SAML identity providers (IdPs) to which your existing user account system delegates, you must update all external IdP configurations that depend on an existing authentication system. This is common when you have multiple organizations represented in your application and each organization has one or more SAML identity providers which are the system of record for the organization's users in your application.

When migrating, there is an existing SAML Service Provider (SP). This could be a custom application or another vendor. After migration, you will use FusionAuth as your new SP.

There are two options to update this type of SAML configuration external to FusionAuth.

#### Updating Upstream Configuration

The first option is to contact every upstream SAML IdP and have the administrators update their configuration to point to FusionAuth instead of the existing SAML SP. You can pre-load the required certificates in FusionAuth using the [Key Master UI](/docs/operate/secure/key-master) or APIs. You can also configure [FusionAuth SAMLv2 Identity Providers](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/) with the same values (audience, etc) as the existing SAML SP.

This is the recommended option. If you choose this option, make sure to incorporate communication and testing time into your migration plan.

#### Relaxing FusionAuth Security Settings

In the previous option, each upstream IdP needs to update its Assertion Consumer Service (ACS) URL to a valid FusionAuth value. Since the ACS URL typically is different and the administrators of the IdP may not make such changes a priority, this updating process may take a while.

This will impact a FusionAuth migration, because you may have to wait to configure your applications to use FusionAuth until the upstream IdP sends the SAML response to the correct ACS URL.

An alternative is to relax certain security settings in FusionAuth. This will allow FusionAuth to ingest SAML assertions designated for the existing SAML SP, which means you can migrate to FusionAuth more quickly.

<Aside type="version">
This option relies on FusionAuth functionality available since version 1.43.0.
</Aside>

In this scenario, you also pre-load the required certificates and notify upstream IdP administrators they'll need to update their ACS URLs eventually. You'll also configure a [FusionAuth SAMLv2 Identity Provider](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/) with the same values as your existing SAML SP.

But you also need to:

* Configure your applications to point to the FusionAuth-hosted login pages. You may want to use an `idp_hint` to skip the hosted login pages and send users directly to the IdP.
* Modify the FusionAuth destination assertion policy. You can do this via the API or the administrative user interface. In the administrative user interface, navigate to **Identity Providers -> Your SAMLv2 Identity Provider**. Then navigate to the **Options** tab, and find the <InlineField>Destination assertion policy</InlineField> field.
* Set up an HTTP redirect from your existing ACS URL to the FusionAuth ACS URL. You can do this using a proxy such as nginx.
* You may disable or shut down the existing SAML SP at this time, since all traffic should be moving through FusionAuth.

Set the <InlineField>Destination assertion policy</InlineField> field to <InlineUIElement>Allow alternates</InlineUIElement>. This choice verifies the SAML `Destination` attribute is either the expected FusionAuth ACS URL, or one multiple known alternate values. Add as many alternates as you need. Each is typically an ACS URL of the SAML SP that FusionAuth is replacing.

<Aside type="caution">
When you are changing the <InlineField>Destination assertion policy</InlineField> setting, be aware of the security risks and minimize the number of destinations that FusionAuth accepts.

While modifying this setting may be necessary for migration, you should work with the upstream IdPs to modify their configuration to point directly to the FusionAuth ACS URL as soon as possible. This is the safest and most secure configuration.
</Aside>

At a later time, request each SAML IdP update their configuration to point to the FusionAuth ACS URL. After all upstream providers have been migrated to the latest configuration, set the <InlineField>Destination assertion policy</InlineField> field to <InlineUIElement>Enabled</InlineUIElement>, the most secure setting.

### Migrating Large Numbers Of Users

Migrating tens or hundreds of millions of users is more complex than migrating 1000 users, if for no other reason than it takes more time.

This is general guidance, but feel free to [contact us](/contact) if you'd like more specific guidance about planning for such a migration.

It is useful to break the load into different phases, where you load against different instances based on goals. The ability to run FusionAuth locally lets you:

* Confirm that the encryption scheme/salt/factor configuration works. Make sure you can load a test user and log in with their known password.
* Set `validateDBConstraints` to true to make sure that the data loads properly. Enabling this value lets the import API offer useful error messages if there are constraints violated, such as duplicate usernames for users in the same tenant.
* Make sure the JSON structure is correct and that you are loading the user with the correct profile data, group memberships, and account registrations.
* Drop the database when you are done with a test load. This is quicker than deleting a tenant.

Take advantage of the iteration speed you get by running locally.

After you have made sure that your user data is clean, then test against your production system. Here, it makes sense to start with a subset of your users to get an estimate of timing. It's important to test against production or a production replica, as testing against an environment that doesn't have equivalent CPU, memory, or network bandwidth won't provide helpful results.

Testing loading 100k or 1M users will help you estimate the time needed for all your users. Load these test users in a separate tenant so you can easily test and drop users in batches.

<Aside type="note">
Deleting the test tenant will take at least as long as loading it, so plan for that in your timeline. Please [see this GitHub issue for more details](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/2151).
</Aside>

After this, you'll know how long it will take to load all of your users. You can then break up your user population into groups, loading 1M, 5M, or 10M at a time.

#### Performance Tips

<PerformanceTips />

#### Importing To FusionAuth Cloud

For FusionAuth Cloud, the following additional recommendations apply:

* You can't run the import API code in the same network due to security concerns. You can stand up an EC2 instance in the same AWS region to minimize network latency.
* Provide a static IP address to the FusionAuth team so they can allow-list your instance. This prevents your requests from being rate-limited.
* If you receive 429 error messages, you are being rate-limited. Double-check you are using an IP address on the allow list.
* If you receive 504 error messages, you are exhausting the resources of your deployment. Increase the size of your deployment or add in pauses.

#### What If I Have A Moving Target

What should you do if you have calculated it will take you two days to load all your users, but you'll have significant numbers of new users or users who have modified their profiles during that time frame?

Use timestamps to break the load up into phases based on the last modified timestamp for each user. Here are the steps to take:

* Run through all the local steps above with the bulk of your users.
* Record the timestamp, call it BULK_TIMESTAMP.
* Pull all the users who have a last modified time before `BULK_TIMESTAMP` and load them.
* Pull all users who have a created time after `BULK_TIMESTAMP` and load them.
* Pull all users who have a created time before `BULK_TIMESTAMP` but an updated time after `BULK_TIMESTAMP` and process them, updating their profile data if changed. If their password has changed, you'll need to either initiate a password reset for these users or let them initiate the password process themselves.

Depending on how long it takes you to run a bulk load, you may need to repeat this cycle a few times.

If you don't have timestamps, things get more complicated, but you may be able to split users deterministically into groups, track users in a separate datastore, or add a `processed_timestamp` column to your existing user datastore to achieve the same goal.

## Provider-Specific Migration Guides

If you are moving to FusionAuth from another provider, there may be specific tasks to perform or concepts to understand. FusionAuth has complete tutorials for importing from many providers, listed in the [Provider-Specific](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific) section below.

If you have a single user's table and want to walk through how its migration would work, review the [generic migration tutorial](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/genericmigration).

If you are working with an identity provider for which there is no guide, please [open an issue in our GitHub repository](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues) with the details.

## Additional Resources

If you have issues importing users, review the [relevant troubleshooting section](/docs/operate/troubleshooting#troubleshooting-user-import).

FusionAuth maintains a [repository of open-source import scripts](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-import-scripts) to help you migrate from third-party identity providers.

If you need further assistance migrating to FusionAuth, please ask a question in the <a href="/community/forum/" target="_blank">FusionAuth forum</a>.

If you have a paid plan, you may open a <a href="https://account.fusionauth.io" target="_blank">support request</a> from your account for more migration assistance.

* [Plugins](/docs/extend/code/password-hashes/) - Use custom password hashing support to migrate without requiring your users to change their passwords.
* [APIs](/docs/apis/) - Migrate data and configuration using the APIs.
* [Client libraries](/docs/sdks/) - Use the language of your choice to make FusionAuth API calls.
* [Connectors](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors/) - Implement a slow migration using this feature.
* [Import scripts](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-import-scripts) - Use open-source scripts to import from CSV, Auth0, and more.
* [FusionAuth Plans](/pricing) - Review your plan options. Some plans include FusionAuth team support for data migration.

# Export from FusionAuth

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import IconButton from 'src/components/IconButton.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

This guide explains how to export user data from FusionAuth to prepare it for migration to another system. This information may be useful for you to:
- Export user data to a data warehouse for analysis.
- Assess how easy migrating from FusionAuth would be before signing up.
- Switch from FusionAuth to another authentication service.

You can follow this guide to try some examples of exporting data. You will start a new FusionAuth instance with a sample user and run SQL queries. If you already use FusionAuth, you can export your data from your existing instance.

To learn about authentication migration in general, please see the [generic migration guide](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users) and the [migration overview](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users). The principles in these guides that explain how to migrate **to** FusionAuth can also be used to migrate **from** FusionAuth to another service. It is important to understand the different migration strategies, especially online and offline migrations (static versus dynamic migrations).

FusionAuth might also have a specific guide on migrating from the service you want to migrate to, listed [here](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/). If so, check the steps in the guide to see if there are any important differences between the two services that you need to plan for.

<Aside type='note'>
For integrating FusionAuth data with complementary services, such as using a monitoring service like [Prometheus](/docs/operate/monitor/prometheus) or [Elastic](/docs/operate/monitor/elastic), please see those guides.

You should use different techniques, like webhooks and APIs, for sending data to such services, instead of the bulk database export discussed in this guide.
</Aside>

<Aside type='note'>
The offboarding documentation and processes described here are tied to a specific version of FusionAuth's database schema. If you need to query the database directly, you must [download the database schema](/direct-download/) zip for your specific FusionAuth version. The schema structure may differ between versions, so you'll need to adapt these examples to match your version's database structure.
</Aside>

## Start A Sample Instance Of FusionAuth

To run a new self-hosted FusionAuth instance with Docker:

- Install [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/) if you don't have it on your machine.
- Clone the [FusionAuth example Docker Compose repository](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-docker-compose) to your computer.
- In your terminal, navigate to the `light` directory in the repository.
- Run `docker compose up` to start FusionAuth.
- Browse to http://localhost:9011 to check that FusionAuth is running. You can log in with `admin@example.com` and `password`.
- Note the database connection details in the `docker-compose.yml` file and the hidden `.env` file.

## Browse The Database

While the FusionAuth Java code is closed-source, your database data is always freely available to you, unadulterated. You should not edit the data manually and risk breaking your system, but reading the data is fine. You can browse your database using a free, cross-platform database IDE like [DBeaver](https://dbeaver.io/download) or [Azure Data Studio](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure-data-studio/download-azure-data-studio?tabs=win-install%2Cwin-user-install%2Credhat-install%2Cwindows-uninstall%2Credhat-uninstall#download-azure-data-studio)(ADS). If you use ADS, install the PostgreSQL extension in the sidebar before creating a database connection.

If you use [FusionAuth Cloud](/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/cloud#accessing-user-data) (the paid, cloud-hosted version of FusionAuth), please contact support to request a backup file of your database. Import the backup file you receive from FusionAuth into a PostgreSQL instance on your computer to explore the data and schema.

The screenshot below shows DBeaver connected to the FusionAuth PostgreSQL database from the example repository using a connection string with port `5432`, database `fusionauth`, username `fusionauth`, and password `hkaLBM3RVnyYeYeqE3WI1w2e4Avpy0Wd5O3s3`. To connect to FusionAuth on a remote server, change the <InlineField>Host</InlineField> from `localhost` to your server name. The image shows the main user data table, `identities`.

![Browse tables](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/offboard/offboardDBeaver.png)

## Bulk And Slow Migrations

Now that you know how to access your data, you can write a database export script to extract the values you want and import them into your new authentication system. However, you need to consider new users and users that update their details after you have exported your database but before the users have joined your new system.

You have three strategy options:
- Bulk migration: Take the application offline. Migrate all user data to the new system at once using a database script. Switch the application from pointing to FusionAuth for authentication to the new authentication system. Bring the application online again. This process could take a few minutes to a few hours.
- Slow migration: Use webhooks and the FusionAuth API to migrate users gradually from FusionAuth to the new system. As each user logs in, a webhook event fires, triggering a script you write to migrate the user's data and mark them as using the new system for future logins instead of FusionAuth.
- Hybrid migration: Alternatively you can combine both approaches by doing a bulk migration without taking the application offline, and using webhooks to keep both systems in sync until the migration is complete. This allows you to migrate most users quickly while maintaining system availability.

A bulk migration is simpler but requires system downtime. You'll need a slow or hybrid migration if your database is large or your application must stay online. With any approach, warn users about potential service disruptions.


Whichever option you choose, you will need to test the process thoroughly before running it against the live application.

## What To Export?

FusionAuth does not have any dedicated documentation that explains the database schema. The schema is discussed briefly in this guide and most tables' purposes should be clear from their column names. If you need help understanding something in particular, please ask the FusionAuth programmers on the [Slack channel](/community).

Some data types, like users, applications, and roles, are used in most authentication services. But some data is so specific to FusionAuth that there is no point in trying to migrate it with a script. This includes settings for webhooks, connectors, lambdas, and user actions. There is also no point in exporting logs like daily login counts and FusionAuth instance settings like themes, because your new authentication service won't use them. You will need to manually reproduce actions and styles like these in whichever format the new service specifies.

To understand the user-related data tables in the database, please read the [FusionAuth core concepts](/docs/get-started/core-concepts) guide before continuing. Below is a visual summary of the organization.

![Diagram showing user-related database tables including Users, Registrations, Groups, Roles, Applications and Tenants.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/offboard/lifecycle-migrate-users-offboard.png)

In addition to the objects above, you may want to migrate identity providers like Google OAuth, user consents, and email templates.

Below is the full database diagram for the tables you need to export. Though it has more fields than the diagram above, it is the same design. (You can [open](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/offboard/databaseDiagram.svg) the SVG in a new tab to zoom in.)

![Database diagram](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/offboard/databaseDiagram.svg)

<Aside type="note">
To browse the database diagram in DBeaver, you can download the ERD file [here](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/offboard/databaseDiagram.erd).
</Aside>

Here is the full list of FusionAuth database tables you should look at for export: `application_roles`, `applications`, `consents`, `email_templates`, `group_application_roles`, `group_members`, `groups`, `identities`, `identity_provider_links`, `identity_providers`, `identity_providers_applications`
`identity_providers_tenants`, `tenants`, `user_comments`, `user_consents`, `user_consents_email_plus`, `user_registrations`, `user_registrations_application_roles`, `users`.

## How To Migrate

There are dozens of alternative authentication services to FusionAuth. This guide provides general advice for migrating to any of them. Ultimately, migration is the process of copying data about users from a database in the FusionAuth format to the new system's database in its format, mapping tables and columns appropriately. Each service allows you to import users (and sometimes other data) in different ways:

- **Direct database import through SQL statements** — These services tend to be free or open-source. Examples include Keycloak, the Janssen project from Gluu, Authentic, and Authelia. While free services don't have the funding to pay developers to write user-migration plugins, they allow you complete access to edit your database and insert any data you need. In these cases, you would write a SQL script against the FusionAuth database that generates a SQL script that is a set of INSERT statements that writes users to the target database.
- **API** — Most services will also provide an API, allowing you to manage users from a terminal. Examples include AWS Cognito, Firebase, Keycloak, Gluu, Janssen, Auth0, Frontegg, Stytch, and authentik. Instead of writing SQL to generate SQL, write SQL to export a JSON or YAML file of users. Then write a script in bash, Python, or Node.js that loops through the file and calls the target service API to create a new user for each existing user.
- **Plugins** — Some of the more powerful services provide dedicated import plugins that will import users for you, given a CSV or JSON file or a database connection. Examples include AWS Cognito, Auth0, and Frontegg. To use a plugin, you'll need to write SQL to generate a file of users. Services that do this tend to have cloud-only offerings that don't allow you direct access to the database.

From top to bottom, these options decrease in complexity but also decrease in customization. In other words, if you have direct database access, you can map more of your existing user data into the target system, but you also have more work to do and more chance of making database entries that cause errors in the service.

## Example SQL

Let's look at example SQL queries for the three migration approaches.

Consider exporting a list of users containing user Id, first name, email, password, hash, salt, and encryption scheme. As illustrated in the database diagram above, you need to join the `users` table on the `identities` table to find these fields.

Below is the SQL to get this data.

```sql
SELECT
	u.id, u.first_name,
	i.email, i.encryption_scheme, i.password, i.salt, i.factor
FROM
	identities AS i
	JOIN users AS u
		ON u.id = i.users_id

-- OUTPUT:

id | first_name| email | encryption_scheme | password | salt | factor

00000000-0000-0000-0000-111111111111 | Fred | richard@example.com |salted-pbkdf2-hmac-sha256|ULoj1fuENZ+QvRqoaOhZ2YX6vuI7uqi7pY0a1EcE32Q= |u8ikPE4m35czpQArp2lDLYDGpIIo+FC+wiNzCclLRbw= | 24000

00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001 | Dinesh | admin@example.com |salted-pbkdf2-hmac-sha256|VBSc35CHt/4udxuL+ctb+MY+inWUGr4gMvZSwhvJ8iI= |l5LWrb6/YBIR3USJTFdDHIGYBaDWvqN1uqSRGhDfQHM= | 24000

a58ebb5e-a207-4653-824c-b7f41a73c63c | Test | test@example.com |salted-pbkdf2-hmac-sha256|3JK/aB+MBHtFXvxCvoVqZ4cl5wTkiV843dwA/HKGKBM= |s1ElWordVlDuCjuy1rhHz5i2GPdGp9NcVCfx+jSFRic= | 24000
```

### Direct Database Import Through SQL Statements

Assuming the database you're writing to has a single table called `user`, you can change the SQL query to generate SQL insert queries using the format below.

```sql
SELECT format
(
	'INSERT INTO user (id, first_name, email, encryption_scheme, password, salt, factor) VALUES (%L, %L, %L, %L, %L, %L, %s);',
	u.id, u.first_name, i.email, i.encryption_scheme, i.password, i.salt, i.factor
)
FROM
	identities AS i
JOIN
	users AS u ON
	u.id = i.users_id;

-- OUTPUT:

format

INSERT INTO user (id, first_name, email, encryption_scheme, password, salt, factor) VALUES ('00000000-0000-0000-0000-111111111111', 'Fred', 'richard@example.com', 'salted-pbkdf2-hmac-sha256', 'ULoj1fuENZ+QvRqoaOhZ2YX6vuI7uqi7pY0a1EcE32Q=', 'u8ikPE4m35czpQArp2lDLYDGpIIo+FC+wiNzCclLRbw=', 24000);

INSERT INTO user (id, first_name, email, encryption_scheme, password, salt, factor) VALUES ('00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001', 'Dinesh', 'admin@example.com', 'salted-pbkdf2-hmac-sha256', 'VBSc35CHt/4udxuL+ctb+MY+inWUGr4gMvZSwhvJ8iI=',  'l5LWrb6/YBIR3USJTFdDHIGYBaDWvqN1uqSRGhDfQHM=', 24000);

INSERT INTO user (id, first_name, email, encryption_scheme, password, salt, factor) VALUES ('a58ebb5e-a207-4653-824c-b7f41a73c63c', 'Test', 'test@example.com', 'salted-pbkdf2-hmac-sha256', '3JK/aB+MBHtFXvxCvoVqZ4cl5wTkiV843dwA/HKGKBM=', 's1ElWordVlDuCjuy1rhHz5i2GPdGp9NcVCfx+jSFRic=', 24000);
```

Save the output to a SQL file, and then run the file on the new database.

### API Or Plugins

To generate a JSON file to give to user-import plugins or loop through in code that calls the new service's API, run the original SQL query from the start of this section. In the DBeaver query output, click `Export data` and follow the wizard, choosing `JSON` as the output format.

```json
{
"SELECT \n\tu.id, u.first_name,\n\ti.email, i.encryption_scheme, i.password, i.salt, i.factor \nFROM \n\tidentities AS i\n\tJOIN users AS u \n\t\tON u.id = i.users_id": [
	{
		"id" : "00000000-0000-0000-0000-111111111111",
		"first_name" : "Fred",
		"email" : "richard@example.com",
		"encryption_scheme" : "salted-pbkdf2-hmac-sha256",
		"password" : "ULoj1fuENZ+QvRqoaOhZ2YX6vuI7uqi7pY0a1EcE32Q=",
		"salt" : "u8ikPE4m35czpQArp2lDLYDGpIIo+FC+wiNzCclLRbw=",
		"factor" : 24000
	},
	{
		"id" : "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001",
		"first_name" : "Dinesh",
		"email" : "admin@example.com",
		"encryption_scheme" : "salted-pbkdf2-hmac-sha256",
		"password" : "VBSc35CHt\/4udxuL+ctb+MY+inWUGr4gMvZSwhvJ8iI=",
		"salt" : "l5LWrb6\/YBIR3USJTFdDHIGYBaDWvqN1uqSRGhDfQHM=",
		"factor" : 24000
	},
	{
		"id" : "a58ebb5e-a207-4653-824c-b7f41a73c63c",
		"first_name" : "Test",
		"email" : "test@example.com",
		"encryption_scheme" : "salted-pbkdf2-hmac-sha256",
		"password" : "3JK\/aB+MBHtFXvxCvoVqZ4cl5wTkiV843dwA\/HKGKBM=",
		"salt" : "s1ElWordVlDuCjuy1rhHz5i2GPdGp9NcVCfx+jSFRic=",
		"factor" : 24000
	}
]}
```

If you need to rename FusionAuth columns to columns in the new database, use SQL syntax, like `SELECT u.first_name as name`. Alternatively, you could do the mapping in the Python or Node.js code.

## How To Handle Differing Password Hashing Algorithms

The biggest challenge in moving from one authentication service to another is how each service handles password hashing.

Passwords are not stored in plaintext in databases. Instead, each password is irreversibly hashed into a sequence of bytes. Sometimes the password is combined with random bytes, called a salt, before hashing. The salt must be kept with the hash. Many different algorithms hash passwords. Some algorithms include the salt in the same field as the hash.

By default, FusionAuth uses [Salted PBKDF2 HMAC SHA-256](/docs/reference/password-hashes#salted-pbkdf2-hmac-sha-256). If the new service also uses this hash algorithm, you have no work to do. If the new service uses a different algorithm, you have two choices:
- Do not migrate passwords. Require all your users to change their password before logging in using the forgot-password email mechanism. This requires little work from you, but is a poor user experience.
- Set the hashing algorithm field for the user in the new service, if the service supports the algorithm. If the service doesn't support the algorithm, it may support hashing extensions. This means that you can write your own code that implements the hashing algorithm to check the user's password at login, and add the code to the service as an extension. For example, here's how [custom hashing works](/docs/extend/code/password-hashes/custom-password-hashing) in FusionAuth. Check if your new service supports similar capabilities.

Many services provide the option to overwrite the hash and algorithm of the migrated user with the service's default algorithm after first login. You should enable this, so all users are consistently stored.

Finally, be aware that FusionAuth users can have different hashing algorithms — don't assume all users use PBKDF2, check the `encryption_scheme` field. This difference will occur only if FusionAuth users were migrated into the database from another system, or if a previous administrator configured FusionAuth to use a different algorithm than the default.

## Social Logins Like Facebook And Google

[Social logins](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers) are stored in the `identity_provider_links` table, which links `identity_providers` (like Google or Apple) with `users`. Generally, a user's email address is retrieved from the identity providers, and the address is stored in the `identities` table.

If you are changing only your authentication gateway and the domain name for your application and the identity provider client Id and key remain the same, social logins should continue to work. At worst, users will be required to log in again with their Google account. This requires only a few clicks and is not a bad user experience, unlike requiring users to complete a forgot-password workflow.

## Slow Migration Techniques

If you cannot do a bulk migration and take your application offline, you need to know how to migrate individual users. FusionAuth provides two useful tools for this, [webhooks](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks) and [APIs](/docs/apis).

It is possible to do a [slow migration](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/#user-by-user-slow-migration) using the [users](/docs/apis/users#search-for-users) API instead of a database script, but it would be slower unless your database is small.

Slow migrations generally involve choosing relevant FusionAuth [events](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events), and using those to trigger a webhook that calls a web service you've written. The web service can then call the relevant API to get user data, and call the API of the authentication service you are migrating to, to update user data.

For example, you might do a migration of some users into the target system, but continue using FusionAuth. If a user logs in to FusionAuth and updates their last name, you would want the "user update" event to fire and trigger a call to your web service. Your service could then call the `GET /api/user/{userId}` API and get the user's new last name. Finally, the service would call the new gateway's API to update the user, ensuring that user data remains synchronized between both databases until the final transition to the new gateway occurs.

# Migrate From Akamai

import AdditionalSupport from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_additional-support.mdx';
import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from '/src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import BulkMigration from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/_bulk-migration.mdx';
import GradualMigration from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/_gradual-migration.mdx';
import MappingUserAttributes from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_mapping-user-attributes.mdx';
import OtherEntitiesIntro from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_other-entities-intro.mdx';
import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import SlowMigrationTimeline from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_slow-migration-timeline.mdx';
import SocialLoginMigration from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_social-login-migration.mdx';
import SocialLoginNote from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_social-login-note.mdx';
import WhatNext from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_what-next.mdx';

export const migration_source_name = 'Akamai';
export const migration_source_dir = 'akamai';
export const script_supports_social_logins = false;

This document will help you migrate users from Akamai to FusionAuth.

This guide is a low-level, technical tutorial focusing on calling APIs and preparing data when migrating users from Akamai. To understand how to plan a migration at a higher level, please read the [FusionAuth migration guide](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/).

## Prerequisites

To follow this tutorial, you need [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/get-docker).

## Planning Considerations

Akamai (previously Janrain) and FusionAuth have [different words for the same concepts](https://identitydocs.akamai.com/getting-started/api-login/step1/page1-deliverables):
- Applications (for example, a website or mobile app) are called applications in FusionAuth and properties in Akamai. In Akamai, properties can have multiple clients for authentication (such as a login client and an administration client), which are used as API keys (called client Ids and secrets).
- User records are called users in FusionAuth and called profiles or entities in Akamai. Profiles are stored in an entity type, also called a schema. The default schema is called user.
- In Akamai, a registration flow is called a form. Every application has a flow called `standard` to start with. Flows will be used to create example users for export testing in this guide.

### Obtaining User Data

Akamai and FusionAuth both support links to images (e.g. user profile photos), stored as URLs to files hosted on cloud storage. After migration, check that your photo storage host is still usable.

When you are migrating from another provider, you can do a bulk or slow migration.

#### Bulk Migration

<BulkMigration />

#### Slow Migration

<GradualMigration />

#### Migration Options in Akamai

Here is how a bulk migration process might work:

1. Export all user data from the Akamai API.
2. Convert the user data into FusionAuth-compatible objects and import the data into FusionAuth.

Instead, if you are willing to perform a slow migration, also known as a gradual or online migration, you can allow your users to log in to Akamai via FusionAuth, and have FusionAuth transparently migrate their data. Slow migrations in FusionAuth use [Connectors](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors), a paid feature.

A slow migration would look like this:

1. Export all user data from the Akamai API.
2. Configure a FusionAuth Connector to call an intermediary web service whenever a user logs in.
3. Write the intermediary web service that will call Akamai with the user's credentials and save the password to FusionAuth.
4. Once you have migrated a large enough portion of your users, you can switch off the Connector and cancel your Akamai subscription.

This tutorial will cover all the bulk- and slow-migration steps.

### Mapping User Attributes

<MappingUserAttributes migration_source_name={migration_source_name} />

### Social Logins

<SocialLoginNote migration_source_name={migration_source_name} script_supports_social_logins={script_supports_social_logins} />

<SocialLoginMigration />

### Other Entities

<OtherEntitiesIntro migration_source_name={migration_source_name} other_migrated_entities="connections or roles" />

* In Akamai, a role is a string that can be assigned to a user. FusionAuth has [roles](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/roles) that are configured on an application-by-application basis and made available in a token after successful authentication.
* With Akamai, you can use schemas to separate users to manage access to clients. FusionAuth has [Groups](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/groups).

### Identifiers

When creating an object with the FusionAuth API, you can specify the Id. It must be a [UUID](/docs/reference/data-types#uuids).

This works for users, applications, and tenants, among others.

### Akamai User Structure

Akamai has customers (that's you) called Registration Applications. As mentioned earlier, a Registration Application has properties (which are Applications in FusionAuth terminology). A Registration Application also has schemas, which contain users.

In FusionAuth, an instance can contain multiple applications and multiple users. Users can be organized into groups, but don't need to be. Users can belong to multiple applications.

Permissions work slightly differently in the two systems. FusionAuth allows the creation of roles and those roles can be assigned to users. However, Akamai has only roles, which are strings.

## Bulk Migration

This section walks you through migrating all users from Akamai to FusionAuth in one batch.

### Export User Data From Akamai

In this section, you export your Akamai users with the API.

- Clone or download the GitHub repository at https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-import-scripts.

This repository has a directory called `akamai`. It contains JavaScript files to import users, as well as sample data.

- Clone or download the GitHub repository at https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-docker-compose.

This repository has a Docker compose file to start a local instance of FusionAuth.

- Log in to your Akamai account at https://console.janrain.com.
- If you don't have existing users, or wish to create ones purely for testing, browse to <Breadcrumb>MANAGE PROFILES -> user</Breadcrumb> and click <InlineUIElement>CREATE PROFILE</InlineUIElement> to add some users.

  ![Add an Akamai user](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/akamai/addUser.png)

<Aside type="note">
Akamai stores users in [schemas](https://techdocs.akamai.com/identity-cloud/docs/manage-user-profile-schemas-in-console). The default schema is called `user`, but you might have another one, like `employee`. If so, change references to `user` in any calls to Akamai for the rest of this guide.
</Aside>

If you want to add a lot of users, you can create each user with the API call below instead of using the console. You need to replace the parameters in the request with your own URL, client Id, and flow version. You can find these in the console under <Breadcrumb>MANAGE PROPERTIES</Breadcrumb>.

```sh
curl -X POST \
https://test-env.us-dev.janraincapture.com/oauth/register_native_traditional \
	-H 'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded' \
	-d 'client_id=955jnefgf8mzdmjugdmy55tc2j9' \
	-d 'redirect_uri=http://localhost/redirect' \
	-d 'response_type=code' \
	-d 'flow=standard' \
	-d 'flow_version=20250503165259394537' \
	-d 'locale=en-US' \
	-d 'form=traditionalRegistrationForm' \
	-d 'displayName=Jane' \
	-d 'firstName=Jane' \
	-d 'lastName=Smith' \
	-d 'emailAddress=janesmith@example.com' \
	-d 'newPassword=p@ssw0rd3xamp!e' \
	-d 'newPasswordConfirm=p@ssw0rd3xamp!e'
```

To learn what properties a user can have, look at the user schema file in the downloaded repository, in the `akamai/exampleData/1_akamaiExport` directory.

You can export your own schema from the <Breadcrumb>MANAGE SCHEMAS</Breadcrumb> page.

![Export user schema from the web interface](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/akamai/exportSchema.png)

While you can export users from the Akamai web interface, it [does not export all properties](https://techdocs.akamai.com/identity-cloud/docs/why-you-only-get-back-a-limited-set-of-attributes-when-you-export-your-user-profiles) unless you [modify the search setting](https://techdocs.akamai.com/identity-cloud/docs/modify-user-profile-search-display-attributes). The problem is the setting documentation does not explain how to get lists of values for a user – like addresses and clients. It is therefore simpler to [use the API to get all information for a user](https://techdocs.akamai.com/identity-cloud/docs/search-for-user-profiles#example-1-return-all-the-users-in-an-entity-type), and this is what you'll do in this tutorial.

To access the API, you need an API key.

- Browse to <Breadcrumb>MANAGE PROPERTIES</Breadcrumb> in the sidebar and click <InlineUIElement>CREATE PROPERTY</InlineUIElement>.
- Give the property any name.
- For permissions, disable `login_client` and enable `owner`, `direct_read_access`, and `direct_access`.
- Save using the floppy disk icon at the bottom right.

![Give API key permissions](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/akamai/propertyPermissions.png)

- Edit the property and note the client Id and secret values.

![API key values](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/akamai/property.png)

You're now done working with the Akamai console and have sample user data to test an export.

### Export The Users With The API

Open a terminal and run the code below to extract all your Akamai users to the `users.json` file. Replace the start of the URL with your own, which you can get on the <Breadcrumb>MANAGE APPLICATION</Breadcrumb> page, and use your client Id and secret from your property.

```sh
cd fusionauth-import-scripts/akamai/src

curl -X POST https://test-env.us-dev.janraincapture.com/entity.find \
  -u 'clientid:secret' \
  -d type_name=user \
  -d timeout=60 \
> users.json
```

If you get the error `"error_description":"the provided client does not have authorization for this action"`, go back to the property in the console and add more permissions. If your schema is not called `user`, change it in the `type_name` parameter in the request.

If you have a large number of users, you might have to [partition your extract requests](https://techdocs.akamai.com/identity-cloud/docs/search-for-user-profiles#example-2-find-users-with-a-birthday). You can use filters to separate users into groups, for example, `-d filter="gender='male'"`

The users file should look like the abridged results below. Note that lists, like clients and roles, are kept in arrays, and the user's password hash is returned in the `password` sub-property using bcrypt.

```json
{
  "result_count": 2,
  "results": [
    {
      "accountDataRequestTime": null,
      "accountDeleteRequestTime": null,
      "birthday": "1980-05-01",
      "clients": [
        {
          "clientId": "9a55jnetfgjf8mzdmjbugdmyr55tc2j9",
          "firstLogin": "2025-05-08 09:35:22 +0000",
          "id": 130,
          "lastLogin": "2025-05-08 09:35:22 +0000",
          "name": null
        }
      ],
      "familyName": "Smith",
      "fullName": "Jane Smith",
      "gender": "Female",
      "id": 129,
      "password": {
        "created": "2025-05-08 09:35:22.555420794 +0000",
        "type": "password-bcrypt",
        "value": "$2b$10$fGr0/0QnnDkv9VG0BtyaiOj9Fb5rNQTXkrCcidzQqR061kc6e5VBu"
      },
```

To see a complete users sample, look at `akamai/exampleData/1_akamaiExport/users.json`.

### Create Roles For Your Users

Next, you're going to start FusionAuth and import the roles your users have, so they are ready for the full import.

- Open a new terminal in the `fusionauth-example-docker-compose` directory and run the commands below to start FusionAuth.

```sh
cd light
docker compose up
```

After the containers are ready, FusionAuth will be running and accessible at `http://localhost:9011`. You can log in to the [FusionAuth admin UI](http://localhost:9011/admin) with `admin@example.com` and `password`. The container is called `fa`.

This configuration uses a bootstrapping feature of FusionAuth called [Kickstart](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/kickstart), defined in `light/kickstart/kickstart.json`. When FusionAuth starts for the first time, it will look at the `kickstart.json` file and configure FusionAuth to the specified state. In summary, the defined Kickstart sets up an API Key, an admin user to log in with, and a test application in FusionAuth.

- Back in the original terminal in the `fusionauth-import-scripts/akamai/src` directory, run the command below to import your user roles from `users.json`.

```sh
docker run --init  -it --rm --name "app" -v ".:/app" -w "/app" node:24.0.1-alpine3.21 sh -c  "npm install";

docker run --init  -it --rm --name "app" -v ".:/app" -w "/app" --network faNetwork node:24.0.1-alpine3.21 sh -c  "node 1_addRoles.mjs";
```

- Check that the roles have been imported by browsing to http://localhost:9011/admin/application/manage-roles?applicationId=e9fdb985-9173-4e01-9d73-ac2d60d1dc8e.

![Imported roles](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/akamai/importedRoles.png)

If you don't have your own `users.json` file, copy the sample from `exampleData/1_akamaiExport/users.json` to `src/`.

The code in `src/1_addRoles.mjs` loops through every user and every role, and creates a random UUID for each role. It sends the roles and UUIDs to FusionAuth using the API key created in `fusionauthDocker/kickstart/kickstart.json`. When running this code against your real FusionAuth instance, alter the constants at the top of the file to use your URL and API key.

Note that both FusionAuth and the JavaScript files in this guide must use the same network, so that the JavaScript container has access to the FusionAuth container. In the Docker Compose file, that network is called `faNetwork`.

### Prepare Users For Import To FusionAuth

The next script, `src/2_convertUserToFaUser.mjs`, is the most complex. It maps the fields of `users.json` to FusionAuth fields. You may wish to alter this script to change which fields are ignored, or where they are mapped. For more information on the FusionAuth fields, see the [import API documentation](/docs/apis/users#request-6). For more information on the Akamai fields, see the user schema file in the `exampleData/1_akamaiExport/userSchema.js`.

The script will output users that are ready for import to FusionAuth to the `faUsers.json` file.

To run the script, use the command below in the terminal you have open in the `src` directory.

```sh
docker run --init  -it --rm --name "app" -v ".:/app" -w "/app" node:24.0.1-alpine3.21 sh -c  "node 2_convertUserToFaUser.mjs";
```

The script uses `stream-json`, a JSON library that can incrementally read massive files with millions of users. It opens the `users.json` file for reading in the line `new Chain([fs.createReadStream(inputFilename ), Pick.withParser({filter: 'results'}), new StreamArray()]);`, and ignores top-level properties other than the `results` array of Akamai users. For more information, see the [`stream-json` GitHub repository](https://github.com/uhop/stream-json).

The `processUsers()` function calls `getFaUserFromUser()` to map the Akamai user to FusionAuth, and then saves the user to `faUsers.json`.

The `getFaUserFromUser()` function does a few things:

- Maps as many matching fields from Akamai to FusionAuth as possible.
- Extracts the bcrypt password strength (10), the salt, and hash from the Akamai password field.
- Stores all Akamai user details that don't map to FusionAuth in the JSON `data` field.
- Adds FusionAuth User Registrations (the link between a FusionAuth User and an Application) to users.

bcrypt stores all password components in one field, separated by `$`. However, FusionAuth requires these values to be provided as separate fields during import.

You will need to change the User Registrations Ids to match those of your application when doing a real migration. The roles here were imported into FusionAuth in the first script, and are matched on the `value` field.

Carefully read the `getFaUserFromUser()` function and make sure that the user information you need is imported correctly. If any information is not needed, you can comment out the related lines.

If you are uncertain about what a user attribute in FusionAuth does, read more in the [user guide](/docs/apis/users), as linked in the [general migration guide](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/) previously recommended.

### Save The User Details To FusionAuth

Now you'll run the Node.js import script to import the users into FusionAuth.

In the terminal in the `fusionauth-import-scripts/akamai/src` directory, run the command below.

```sh
docker run --init  -it --rm --name "app" -v ".:/app" -w "/app" --network faNetwork node:24.0.1-alpine3.21 sh -c  "node 3_import.mjs";
```

The script imports users individually. If this is too slow when running the production migration, wrap the `importUsers()` FusionAuth SDK call in a loop that bundles users in batches of 1,000.

If you experience an error running the script on your own users, you'll need to debug. Take the example data that works from `exampleData/2_faImport/faUsers.json`, and gradually swap out each field in that file for a field from a user in your file that fails import. This will show you which of your fields is problematic and needs adjustment.

### Verify The Import

Log in to the [FusionAuth admin UI](http://localhost:9011/admin) with `admin@example.com` and password `password`. Review the user entries for the test application to ensure the data was correctly imported.

![Imported users](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/akamai/importedUsers.png)

To manage a user, click <InlineUIElement>Select</InlineUIElement> to the right of their entry in the user list, and then select <InlineUIElement>Manage</InlineUIElement> from the dropdown. Review the details of the imported user's profile. In the <Breadcrumb>Source</Breadcrumb> tab, you can see all the user details as a JSON object.

Finally, check that passwords were correctly imported by logging out of FusionAuth and attempting to log back in with a username and password from the imported users.

## Slow Migration

This step of the tutorial is optional. In this section, you'll learn how to create a Connector for FusionAuth to import your users' passwords individually as each user logs in.

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

If you don't need to do this, please skip to the [What To Do Next](#what-to-do-next) section below.

### Create A User With A Password

To test the slow migration, you need a user in Akamai with a password you know. To create one, follow the instructions at the top of the [Export User Data From Akamai](#export-user-data-from-akamai) section in the bulk migration tutorial above.

You can use either the console or the API request. The rest of this tutorial assumes you created a user called `janesmith@example.com` with the password `p@ssw0rd3xamp!e`.

<Aside type="caution">
If you did not complete the bulk migration tutorial earlier, you need to complete the first steps, which download the Git repository with the export scripts, export your Akamai users, and import their roles to FusionAuth. Follow the instructions from the [Export User Data From Akamai](#export-user-data-from-akamai) section to the [Create Roles For Your Users](#create-roles-for-your-users) section.

If you did complete the bulk import tutorial, you need to delete the test user Jane from FusionAuth, so that you can import her again in this section. Browse to http://localhost:9011/admin/user, select the user Jane, and delete her.
</Aside>

Once you have a user available in Akamai, test if you can verify the user's email address and password with the curl command below. More information on this command is available in the [Akamai documentation](https://techdocs.akamai.com/identity-cloud-auth/reference/post-oauth-auth-native-traditional).

```sh
curl https://test-env.us-dev.janraincapture.com/oauth/auth_native_traditional \
     -H 'accept: application/json' \
     -H 'content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded' \
     -d client_id=9a55jnetfgjf8mzdmjbugdmyr55tc2j9 \
     -d flow_version=20250502165159394037 \
     -d flow=standard \
     -d locale=en-US \
     -d form=signInForm \
     -d redirect_uri=http://localhost \
     -d 'currentPassword=p@ssw0rd3xamp!e' \
     -d 'signInEmailAddress=janesmith@example.com'

# Example output:
# {"capture_user":{"accountDataRequestTime":null,"accountDeleteRequestTime":null,"birthday":"1980-05-01","clients":...},"sso_code": null, "stat": "ok", "access_token": "ksaxf732ruvsc2rw"}
```

Change the parameters in the command above to match your application:

- Set the request URL to your Akamai hostname found on the <Breadcrumb>MANAGE APPLICATION</Breadcrumb> page of your Akamai account.
- Create a `login_client` property (as you did an `owner` property in the [Export User Data From Akamai](#export-user-data-from-akamai) section) by browsing to <Breadcrumb>MANAGE PROPERTIES</Breadcrumb>. Alternatively, use the default login property. Set the property's client Id in the command above.
- Get your `flow_version` from <Breadcrumb>MANAGE APPLICATION</Breadcrumb>.
- Verify that your form and field names match the defaults. If they differ, browse to <Breadcrumb>REGISTRATION BUILDER</Breadcrumb> and edit the `standard` form to find your login form name.
  ![Akamai forms](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/akamai/akamaiForms.png)

Note that the JSON response returns the user's details in the `capture_user` field.

Any HTTP response other than code 200 is an error. Even if the response is 200, you still need to check the `"stat": "ok"` field. Akamai API error messages are very descriptive and should help you find the problem with your command quickly, for example:

```
{"stat":"error", "code":200, "error_description":"no such form 'sign'", "error":"invalid_argument", "request_id":"yc4qc2u8qsz27mkb"}
```

### Configure A Connector Between FusionAuth And Akamai

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

If you haven't done so already, activate your FusionAuth license by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Reactor</Breadcrumb> on the sidebar of the admin UI.

Now configure a FusionAuth Connector to point to an intermediary web service between FusionAuth and Akamai. The web service will expose an API endpoint that can be called from a FusionAuth Connector to retrieve the user's details to be imported into FusionAuth.

<Aside type="note">
For a general overview of Connectors, please see this [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ks-ppMH6WXw).
</Aside>


In your [FusionAuth admin UI](https://localhost:9011), browse to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Connectors</Breadcrumb>.

Click the dropdown button on the top right and select <InlineUIElement>Add Generic connector</InlineUIElement>.

![Create a Connector in FusionAuth](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/akamai/create-connector.png)


Enter the field values below.

- Set <InlineField>Name</InlineField> to `AkamaiConnector`
- Set <InlineField>Authentication URL</InlineField> to `http://app`. (This URL matches the Docker container you'll create later.)
- Increase timeout values (for example, to `5000`) to accommodate network latency when the API requests are being made.
- Enable <InlineUIElement>Debug enabled</InlineUIElement>

![Connector details in FusionAuth](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/akamai/connector.png)

<Aside type="caution">
  In production, you will want to add some authentication to the web service. You can add basic authentication using the <Breadcrumb>Security</Breadcrumb> tab in the Connector details page.
</Aside>

Now browse to <Breadcrumb>Tenants</Breadcrumb> and do the following.

- Select <InlineUIElement>Edit</InlineUIElement> on the default tenant.
- Navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Connectors</Breadcrumb> tab.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Add policy</InlineUIElement>.
- Select `AkamaiConnector`.
- Leave <InlineField>Domains</InlineField> with the value `*` to apply this Connector to every user.
- Enable <InlineUIElement>Migrate user</InlineUIElement> so that FusionAuth will no longer use Akamai for subsequent logins of the same user.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Submit</InlineUIElement>.

![Connector policy details in FusionAuth](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/akamai/connector-policy.png)


Move the `AkamaiConnector` policy to the top of the list. Use the arrow buttons to move the policy if necessary. With this configuration, all users are checked against this Connector the first time they are seen. If they log in, they’ll be migrated to the FusionAuth user database.

After configuration, the Connector entry form should look similar to this:

![Connector policy list in FusionAuth](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/akamai/connector-added.png)

Save the changes by clicking the save icon at the top right.

### Build An Authentication Intermediary Web Service

The next step is to write the small service that forwards the user's login Id and password to Akamai and returns the user details that will be saved to FusionAuth if the login is successful.

<Aside type='note'>
 Documentation on the inputs and outputs a Connector expects is [here](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors/generic-connector).
</Aside>

The Connector makes a POST request to the URL you specify, and expects a JSON object containing a user in return.

An example web service is in `akamai/src/4_connectorService.mjs`.

This JavaScript service has an Express HTTP POST handler that gets the login Id and password from the request and forwards them to Akamai by calling the following function.

```js
await isLoginValid(email, request.body.password);
```

- Edit the `isLoginValid` function to set your personal Akamai details to match the curl command from the previous section, such as `client_id` and `flow_version`.

A 404 is returned if the user login credentials are not valid.

If the credentials are valid, the user's details returned from Akamai are converted to a FusionAuth user in the function `getFaUserFromUser(user)`. This is the same function that was used in the script `2_convertUserToFaUser.mjs`, except the password is in plaintext, not a hash.

- Run the service with the command below.

```sh
docker run --init  -it --rm --name "app" -v ".:/app" -w "/app" --network faNetwork node:24.0.1-alpine3.21 sh -c  "node 4_connectorService.mjs";
```

Note that the container is named `app`, which matches the URL entered for the connector service in FusionAuth earlier, `http://app`. When configuring your real import service for production, ensure both values match its new location.

### Log In With A Test User

In the FusionAuth admin interface, browse to <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> and click the <InlineUIElement>Select</InlineUIElement> dropdown next to the "Example App" application, then select <InlineUIElement>View</InlineUIElement>. Copy the <InlineField>OAuth IdP login URL</InlineField> and open it in an incognito window in your browser. (If you don't use an incognito window, you need to log out of the FusionAuth admin session to prevent the active session from interfering with the test.) This URL is a login page for the "Example App" application, so that you can test the web service and Connector.

For this tutorial, the login URL should be http://localhost:9011/oauth2/authorize?client_id=e9fdb985-9173-4e01-9d73-ac2d60d1dc8e&response_type=code&redirect_uri=http%3A%2F%2Flocalhost%3A3000%2Fauth%2Fcallback.

![Test application login URL](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/akamai/login-url.png)

Log in with the username and password for the user you created earlier, such as `janesmith@example.com` and `p@ssw0rd3xamp!e`. Your Connector service should show `Request received` in the terminal and the login request succeeding.

<Aside type="note">
  After a successful test login, the user will be redirected to a URL like `https://example.com/?code=2aUqU0ZhQCjtz0fnrFL_i7wxhIAh7cTfxAXEIpJE-5w&locale=en&userState=AuthenticatedNotRegistered`.

  This occurs because you haven't set up a web application to handle the authorization code redirect yet. This is an important next step, but it's beyond the scope of this document. Consult the [5-minute setup guide](/docs/get-started/start-here/step-1) for an example of how to do this.
</Aside>

If you log out and log in again with the same user, you'll notice that `Request received` will not show in the web service console. This is because FusionAuth is now using its own authentication service, as the original user password has been hashed and saved in the FusionAuth database.

The user has been successfully migrated, and Akamai is no longer needed for them.

#### Debug The Connector Service

If you encounter errors in this process, try the following:

- View the <Breadcrumb>System Event Logs</Breadcrumb> in the bottom left of the FusionAuth web interface.
- Add `console.log` lines to the `4_connectorService.mjs` file to see where any errors are occurring.
- Adjust the timeout values of the Connector to higher values to accommodate network latency between API calls.

### Estimate The Slow Migration Timeline

When using a slow migration, you can estimate how many accounts will be migrated in a given period.

<SlowMigrationTimeline />

After this period, you may want to bulk migrate the rest of the users, or treat them as inactive and not migrate them. Plan to disable the Connector and remove the tenant's Connector policy after the slow migration is complete.

Learn more about [general slow migration considerations](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/#slow-migration-implementation).

## What To Do Next

Check what roles and features are used in Akamai for your real application and create similar permissions and roles in FusionAuth. Update the sample user conversion script to map the role names from Akamai to the roles in FusionAuth.

<WhatNext />

## Additional Support

<AdditionalSupport />

## Further Reading

- [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/get-docker)
- [Akamai concepts](https://identitydocs.akamai.com/getting-started/api-login/step1/page1-deliverables)
- [Akamai schemas](https://techdocs.akamai.com/identity-cloud/docs/manage-user-profile-schemas-in-console)
- [Akamai user export API](https://techdocs.akamai.com/identity-cloud/docs/search-for-user-profiles#example-1-return-all-the-users-in-an-entity-type)
- [Akamai individual user export API](https://techdocs.akamai.com/identity-cloud-entity/reference/post-entity)
- [FusionAuth user import API](/docs/apis/users#request-6)
- [FusionAuth import scripts GitHub repository](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-import-scripts)
- [JavaScript streaming library](https://github.com/uhop/stream-json)

# Migrate From Auth0

import AdditionalSupport from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_additional-support.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import CreateApiKeySocial from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-api-key-social.mdx';
import CreateTestApplication from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-test-application.mdx';
import CreateTestTenant from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-test-tenant.mdx';
import FinalDestination from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_final-destination.mdx';
import GetScript from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_get-script.mdx';
import Identifiers from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_identifiers.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import MappingUserAttributes from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_mapping-user-attributes.mdx';
import OtherEntitiesIntro from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_other-entities-intro.mdx';
import PasswordHashNote from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_password-hash-note.mdx';
import SetUpFusionauth from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_set-up-fusionauth.mdx';
import SocialLoginMigration from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_social-login-migration.mdx';
import SocialLoginNote from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_social-login-note.mdx';
import VerifyImport from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_verify-import.mdx';
import WhatNext from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_what-next.mdx';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

export const migration_source_name = 'Auth0';
export const migration_source_dir = 'auth0';
export const script_supports_social_logins = true;
export const add_tenant_image_role = 'bottom-cropped';

This document explains how to migrate common Auth0 configurations to FusionAuth. If you are looking to compare FusionAuth and Auth0, [see our comparison](/blog/auth0-and-fusionauth-a-tale-of-two-solutions). For general migration information, see the [FusionAuth migration guide](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users).

If you are already a paid FusionAuth customer, contact support. Navigate to [Get Support](https://account.fusionauth.io/account/support/), then open a ticket at the bottom of the support page.

## Prerequisites

* A running instance of FusionAuth. To install an instance, [see our installation guides](/docs/get-started/download-and-install).


## Planning Considerations

### Obtaining User Data

You can use either the Auth0 management API or the Auth0 user interface to export user data. This guide uses the user interface, but if you have a large number of users, the [management API is recommended](https://auth0.com/docs/api/management/v2#!/Users/get_users). Auth0 also has a [high level export guide](https://auth0.com/docs/support/export-data) worth reviewing.

If you are using the user interface, usernames, email addresses and other data can be obtained by installing an extension and downloading the data. The password hashes can be obtained by opening a support ticket.

Here's a brief video walking through the export process, which is further documented below.

<YouTube id="wQklLZZP_3s" />

### Mapping User Attributes

<MappingUserAttributes migration_source_name={migration_source_name} />

### Social Logins

<SocialLoginNote migration_source_name={migration_source_name} script_supports_social_logins={script_supports_social_logins} />

<SocialLoginMigration />

### Other Entities

<OtherEntitiesIntro migration_source_name={migration_source_name} other_migrated_entities="connections or roles" />

* In Auth0, [Database Connections](https://auth0.com/docs/authenticate/database-connections) are a source of data for users where credentials are stored locally. FusionAuth similarly supports password authentication, as well as [passwordless methods like passkeys and magic links](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/).
* Auth0 has [Identity Providers](https://auth0.com/docs/authenticate/identity-providers), a source of user data where credentials are stored in another system like Google or Okta. FusionAuth also calls these [Identity Providers](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/).
* [Actions](https://auth0.com/docs/actions) are ways for you to customize authentication or authorization workflows. FusionAuth has a similar concept called [Lambdas](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/). Auth0 defines injection points as a separate object called Triggers; in FusionAuth these are not a separate conceptual object. In Auth0 multiple actions can be added to one Trigger; FusionAuth lets you create different functions in a Lambda.
* With Auth0, [Applications](https://auth0.com/docs/get-started/auth0-overview/create-applications) are what your users can log in to. Auth0 has separate types of Applications for different use cases. FusionAuth also refers to these as [Applications](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications). FusionAuth applications don't have types; mobile, SPA, and API applications are all Applications in FusionAuth. In FusionAuth, you can use [universal applications](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications#universal-applications) for applications that need to be in more than one tenant.
* [Tenants](https://auth0.com/docs/get-started/learn-the-basics) are a high level construct which groups other entities such as users and applications together. FusionAuth calls these [Tenants](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenants) as well. FusionAuth supports a multi-tenant configuration by default.
* [Organizations](https://auth0.com/docs/manage-users/organizations) allow admin users within an Auth0 Tenant to manage a separate set of users and functionality. In FusionAuth, you'd model this with tenants and use the API or SDKs. 
* For Auth0, [Roles and Permissions](https://auth0.com/docs/manage-users/access-control/rbac) provide information about what your users can do in your custom or off the shelf applications. FusionAuth has [Roles](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/roles) and they are defined on an Application by Application basis.
* Refresh tokens allow JWTs to be refreshed without a user logging in. These can be migrated using the [Import Refresh Tokens API](/docs/apis/users#import-refresh-tokens).

<Aside type="note">
In FusionAuth, users are explicitly mapped to applications with a [Registration](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/registrations).

Auth0, in contrast, gives [users access to all Auth0 applications](https://auth0.com/docs/manage-users/user-accounts/manage-user-access-to-applications) in a tenant by default.
</Aside>

#### Identifiers

<Identifiers />

### Embedded Login

Auth0 provides [Embedded Login](https://auth0.com/docs/authenticate/login/embedded-login). This is a complex, configurable login component that works with SPAs, native applications and web applications. It is also not recommended by Auth0:

> ["We do not recommend using Embedded Login."](https://auth0.com/docs/authenticate/login/embedded-login)

FusionAuth's login experience is simpler. You can choose to build your own login pages or use FusionAuth's hosted login pages. [Read more about these choices](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/integration-points#login-options).

FusionAuth's hosted login pages are very similar to [Auth0's Universal Login](https://auth0.com/docs/authenticate/login/auth0-universal-login).

You can build an experience similar to Auth0's Embedded Login using the [FusionAuth Login API](/docs/apis/login), but FusionAuth does not offer any widgets or SDKs that use that API.

Once you've planned your migration, the next step is to export your user data from Auth0.

## Exporting Users

To export users with the user interface, log in and navigate to your dashboard. You'll perform the following steps:

1. Add the User Import/Export extension, if not present
2. Run the extension
3. Download the exported file

### Add the Extension

Auth0 provides an extension that allows you to both import and export users to and from Auth0. Add the extension by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Extensions</Breadcrumb> and searching for it.

![Finding the import/export extension.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/find-user-export-extension.png)

After you find the extension, install it:

![Installing the import/export extension.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/user-export-extension-install.png)

The next step is to run the extension.

### Run the Extension

Next, run the extension. The first time you run it, you'll be asked to grant needed permissions. Then, choose the export tab.

This will bring up a screen with information such as what fields you want to export, which connections to pull users from, and the export file format.

![Running the import/export extension.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/user-export-extension-export-run.png)

For this guide, export user information as JSON. Choose the default user database. Finally, if you have special fields to include, configure their export as needed. Then begin the export.

![View when the import/export extension is finished.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/auth0-export-complete.png)

Depending on how many users you have in your database, it may take a while for this to complete.

### Download the File

After the export finishes, download the file provided. At the end of the process, you'll end up with a JSON file like this:

```json title="Sample Auth0 user data export download"
{"user_id":"auth0|60425da93519d90068f82966","email":"test@example.com","name":"test@example.com","nickname":"test","created_at":"2021-03-05T16:34:49.518Z","updated_at":"2021-03-05T16:34:49.518Z","email_verified":false}
{"user_id":"auth0|60425dc43519d90068f82973","email":"test2@example.com","name":"test2@example.com","nickname":"test2","created_at":"2021-03-05T16:35:16.786Z","updated_at":"2021-03-05T16:35:16.786Z","email_verified":false}
```

This is half of the data you'll need to migrate your users. The other half is the password hashes.

## Exporting Password Hashes

Because password hashes are considered sensitive information, Auth0 does not export them as part of the general export process. You must file a support ticket to get the hashes and other password related information.

<PasswordHashNote migration_source_name={migration_source_name} />

However, once you've exported the password hashes from Auth0 and imported them into FusionAuth, your users will be able to log in to FusionAuth with the same password they used previously.

If you are not able to export the hashes, due to the plan you are on or the migration timelines, one alternative is to have every user change their password using the forgot password flow. You can still import all the user data.

To start the process of obtaining the hashes, open a support ticket. From your dashboard, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Get Support</Breadcrumb>, and then open a ticket by scrolling to the bottom of the support page.

![The first step to getting your password hashes.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/create-ticket-start.png)

Select the issue and details of your request. Choose `I have a question regarding my Auth0 account` and then pick the `I would like to obtain an export of my password hashes` option.

You'll receive an automated message after this ticket is submitted. View progress on the ticket screen.

<Aside type="note">
Auth0 requires you to be on a [paid plan](https://auth0.com/docs/support/export-data) to export your password hashes. You cannot export them otherwise.

Additionally, Auth0 makes no commitments about the processing time for a password hash request. In the author's experience, it took approximately one week.

Plan accordingly.
</Aside>

After your request is processed, you'll download a JSON file containing password hashes, related information and user ids. It will look like this:

```json title="Sample Auth0 password hash export download"
{"_id":{"$oid":"60425dc43519d90068f82973"},"email_verified":false,"email":"test2@example.com","passwordHash":"$2b$10$Z6hUTEEeoJXN5/AmSm/4.eZ75RYgFVriQM9LPhNEC7kbAbS/VAaJ2","password_set_date":{"$date":"2021-03-05T16:35:16.775Z"},"tenant":"dev-rwsbs6ym","connection":"Username-Password-Authentication","_tmp_is_unique":true}
{"_id":{"$oid":"60425da93519d90068f82966"},"email_verified":false,"email":"test@example.com","passwordHash":"$2b$10$CSZ2JarG4XYbGa.JkfpqnO2wrlbfp5eb5LScHSGo9XGeZ.a.Ic54S","password_set_date":{"$date":"2021-03-05T16:34:49.502Z"},"tenant":"dev-rwsbs6ym","connection":"Username-Password-Authentication","_tmp_is_unique":true}
```

Now that you have both the user data and the password hashes, you can import your users.

## Importing Users

Next up, import the user data. Here are the steps we need to take.

1. Set Up FusionAuth
2. Get the Script
3. Install Needed Gems
4. Use the Script
5. Verify the Import
6. The Final Destination of Imported Users

### Set Up FusionAuth

<SetUpFusionauth />

#### Create a Test Tenant

<CreateTestTenant migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} migration_source_name={migration_source_name} add_tenant_image_role={add_tenant_image_role} />

#### Create a Test Application

<CreateTestApplication migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} migration_source_name={migration_source_name} />

#### Add an API Key

<CreateApiKeySocial migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

### Get the Script

<GetScript migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

### Install Needed Gems

The following gems must be available to the import script:

* `date`
* `json`
* `optargs`
* `securerandom`
* `fusionauth_client`

Most likely all of these will be on your system already, except the `fusionauth_client` gem.

If you have `bundler` installed, run `bundle install` in the `auth0` directory. Otherwise install the needed gems in some other way.

### Use the Script

You can see the output of the script by running it with the `-h` option:

```sh title="Running the import script with the help command line switch"
ruby ./import.rb -h
```

The output will be similar to this:

```sh title="The help output of the import.rb script"
Usage: import.rb [options]
    -l, --link-social-accounts       Link social accounts, if present, after import. This operation is slower than an import.
    -r APPLICATION_IDS,              A comma separated list of existing applications Ids. All users will be registered for these applications.
        --register-users
    -o, --only-link-social-accounts  Link social accounts with no import.
    -u, --users-file USERS_FILE      The exported JSON user data file from Auth0. Defaults to users.json.
    -f FUSIONAUTH_URL,               The location of the FusionAuth instance. Defaults to http://localhost:9011.
        --fusionauth-url
    -k, --fusionauth-api-key API_KEY The FusionAuth API key.
    -t TENANT_ID,                    The FusionAuth tenant id. Required if more than one tenant exists.
        --fusionauth-tenant-id
    -s, --secrets-file SECRETS_FILE  The exported JSON secrets file from Auth0. Defaults to secrets.json.
    -m, --map-auth0-id               Whether to map the auth0 id for normal imported users to the FusionAuth user id.
    -h, --help                       Prints this help.
```

For this script to work correctly, set the following switches, unless the defaults work for you:

* `-u` should point to the location of the user export file you obtained, unless the default works.
* `-s` needs to point to the location of the password hash export file you received, unless the default works.
* `-f` must point to your FusionAuth instance. If you are testing locally, it will probably be `http://localhost:9011`.
* `-k` needs to be set to the value of the API key created above.
* `-t` should be set to the Id of the testing tenant created above.

The `-o` and `-l` switches will attempt to create links for any social users (where the user authenticated via Google or another social provider) found in the users data file.

If you are loading social users, you must create the social providers in FusionAuth beforehand, or the links will fail. Additionally, creating a link is not currently optimized in the same way that loading users is. So it may make sense to import all the users in one pass (omitting the `-l` switch). Then, after the users are imported, create the links using the `-o` switch in a second pass.

<Aside type="note">
The social account linking functionality will only work with FusionAuth versions above or equal to 1.28. The `fusionauth_client` library must be >= 1.28 as well.
</Aside>

You may or may not want to use the `-m` switch, which takes the Auth0 Id for users without a social login and uses the same value for the FusionAuth user Id. If you have external systems reliant on the Auth0 user identifier, set this. Doing so ensures imported users have the same Id as they did in Auth0. Otherwise, you can omit this switch.

When you run the script, you'll see output like:

```shell title="Import script output"
$ ruby ./import.rb -f http://localhost:9011 -k '...' -s secrets.json -u user-data.json
FusionAuth Importer : Auth0
 > User file: user-data.json
 > User secrets file: secrets.json
 > Call FusionAuth to import users
 > Import success
Duplicate users 0
Import complete. 2 users imported.
```

#### Enhancing the Script

You may also want to migrate additional data. Currently, the following attributes are migrated:

* `user_id`
* `email`
* `email_verified`
* `username`
* `insertInstant`
* the password hash and supporting attributes, if available
* `registrations`, if supplied

The migrated user will have the Auth0 tenant Id and original user Id stored on the `user.data` object. If you have additional user attributes to migrate, review and modify the `map_user` method.

You may also want to assign Roles, or associate users with Groups, by creating the appropriate JSON data structures in the import call. These are documented in the [Import User API docs](/docs/apis/users#import-users). This will require modifying the `import.rb` code.

### Verify the Import

<VerifyImport migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

### The Final Destination of Imported Users

<FinalDestination migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

## MFA Enrollments

Your users may have MFA enabled.
If so, you will want to port that over.

The first thing to do is to look at the MFA methods available to your users.
Here's [the list of Auth0 supported factors](https://auth0.com/docs/secure/multi-factor-authentication/multi-factor-authentication-factors).
You may not have enabled all of these.
Here's [Auth0 documentation](https://auth0.com/docs/secure/multi-factor-authentication/enable-mfa) to see which you've enabled in the dashboard.

The <InlineField>method</InlineField> field of the Two-Factor API [lists the MFA methods supported by FusionAuth](/docs/apis/two-factor#request-body).
FusionAuth also supports recovery codes.

You can determine which type of MFA is used by each user by retrieving [their data using the management API](https://auth0.com/docs/api/management/v2#!/Users/get_users_by_id).

If a user uses email or SMS verification, you can port the data over to FusionAuth using [the user update API](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/multi-factor-authentication#directly-enable-mfa-for-another-user) or by adding the <InlineField>twoFactor</InlineField> fields to your import JSON.
The former will [trigger an MAU increment](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/users#what-makes-a-user-active), while the latter will not.

While you can't generate a fixed set of recovery codes, once MFA has been enabled for a user, you can [retrieve the recovery codes](/docs/apis/two-factor#retrieve-recovery-codes).

If your user uses TOTP for MFA, where they provide a one time code provided by an application like Google Authenticator, you'll probably need to re-enroll them. As of Oct 2022, [Auth0 "probably" doesn't support export of TOTP secrets](https://community.auth0.com/t/can-mfa-secrets-be-exported/91656). However, we suggest confirming this by opening a support ticket with Auth0.

If your users use a different method unsupported by FusionAuth, then you should map the Auth0 method to a FusionAuth method.

* WebAuthn: [Authentication With WebAuthN & Passkeys](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/passwordless/webauthn-passkeys).
* Push Notifications: It is possible a [Generic Messenger](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/generic-messenger) would work, but this would require some investigation and custom coding.
* Voice: A [Generic Messenger](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/generic-messenger) integrated with a solution like [Twilio Voice](https://www.twilio.com/docs/voice) should work.
* Cisco Duo: A [Generic Messenger](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/generic-messenger) integrated with a solution like [Twilio Voice](https://www.twilio.com/docs/voice) could work.

## What to Do Next

<WhatNext />

## Additional Support

<AdditionalSupport />

# Migrate From Microsoft Azure AD B2C

import AdditionalSupport from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_additional-support.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import CreateApiKey from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-api-key.mdx';
import CreateTestApplication from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-test-application.mdx';
import CreateTestTenant from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-test-tenant.mdx';
import FinalDestination from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_final-destination.mdx';
import GetScript from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_get-script.mdx';
import Identifiers from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_identifiers.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import MappingUserAttributes from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_mapping-user-attributes.mdx';
import OtherEntitiesIntro from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_other-entities-intro.mdx';
import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import SetUpFusionauth from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_set-up-fusionauth.mdx';
import SlowMigrationTimeline from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_slow-migration-timeline.mdx';
import SocialLoginMigration from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_social-login-migration.mdx';
import VerifyImport from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_verify-import.mdx';
import WhatNext from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_what-next.mdx';
import WhatNextAzureAdB2c from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_what-next-azure-ad-b2c.mdx';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';

export const migration_source_name = 'AD B2C';
export const migration_source_dir = 'azureadb2c';
export const script_supports_social_logins = true;
export const add_tenant_image_role = 'bottom-cropped';

This document will help you migrate your users off of Microsoft Azure AD B2C, and onto FusionAuth.

There are a number of different ways applications can be integrated with Azure AD B2C, and it would be difficult to cover them all. This guide focuses on migrating user data, including profile data and passwords. However, [Azure AD B2C does not allow for password hash export](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/450019/azure-ad-b2c-export-user-password-hashes.html). Therefore, you must perform a slow migration if you don't want to force users to reset their passwords.

Alternatively, you can do a bulk migration and force everyone to reset their passwords. This option is discussed below, but the primary focus of this guide is enabling you to migrate your users from Azure AD B2C without requiring any password resets.

## Prerequisites

This guide assumes intermediate level familiarity with Microsoft Azure, in particular AD B2C.

This guide assumes you have installed FusionAuth. If you have not, please [view our installation guides](/docs/get-started/download-and-install) and install FusionAuth before you begin. For more general migration information, please view the [FusionAuth migration guide](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users).


## Planning Considerations

### Slow Migration Or Bulk Migration

To preserve your users' passwords, you need to perform a slow migration. Users log in to FusionAuth with their Azure AD B2C credentials, and FusionAuth transparently migrates their data. Slow migrations in FusionAuth use Connectors, a paid feature.

If, on the other hand, resetting user passwords is acceptable, a [Bulk Migration](#bulk-migration) can work for you. Review that section for more details on the required steps. You may also perform a bulk migration after a slow migration has run for a while. Active users can be transparently migrated and infrequent users may not mind resetting their password.

You can learn more about the [types of migrations that FusionAuth supports here](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/#migration-types).

### Mapping User Attributes

<MappingUserAttributes />

### One Tenant or Many

In Azure AD B2C, users are placed in [Tenants](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory-b2c/technical-overview). FusionAuth also has the concept of [Tenants](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenants). Both of these include data about users, applications and other configuration.

Each tenant in FusionAuth is a distinct user space. You may choose to merge multiple Azure AD B2C tenants into one FusionAuth tenant or keep them separate.

Learn more about [FusionAuth tenants](/docs/extend/examples/multi-tenant).

### Identity Providers

In Azure AD B2C, external identity providers are managed using [Identity Providers](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory-b2c/add-identity-provider). With FusionAuth, these are also called [Identity Providers](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/).

Review the supported FusionAuth [Identity Providers](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/) to ensure any you need are supported. At this time, while there is considerable overlap between the supported identity providers, there are a number of differences.

If not supported explicitly, a provider may work with an OIDC or SAML connection. Otherwise, please open a [feature request](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-issues/).

<Aside type="note">
Importing Azure AD B2C users stored in an external identity provider is more straightforward because you can use the Import API; you don't have to perform a slow migration. Many of the steps in [Bulk Migration](#bulk-migration) will apply.
</Aside>

To retrieve the user information, use the approach documented in the [Export User Data From Azure AD B2C](#export-user-data-from-azure-ad-b2c) section.

<SocialLoginMigration />

### Other Entities

<OtherEntitiesIntro migration_source_name={migration_source_name} other_migrated_entities="app clients or password policies" />

* [User Flows and Custom Policies](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory-b2c/user-flow-overview) are ways for you to customize authentication or authorization workflows with Azure AD B2C. FusionAuth has a similar concept called [Lambdas](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/). FusionAuth also has [webhooks](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/) fired at certain points in the user lifecycle; in certain configurations, they can also stop a particular authentication flow.
* Azure AD B2C does not have a standardized roles-and-permissions concept. Roles and permissions are usually handled with custom attributes or secondary data stores. FusionAuth has [roles](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/roles) that are configured on an application by application basis and made available in a token after a successful authentication.
* Azure AD B2C has the concept of [User Flow Page Layouts](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory-b2c/customize-ui?pivots=b2c-user-flow) where users can log in or register. FusionAuth has [hosted login pages](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/integration-points#hosted-login-pages) which offer a superset of the functionality of Azure AD B2C User Flow. They are [customized via themes](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/).
* In Azure AD B2C, users log into [App Registrations](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory-b2c/app-registrations-training-guide). In FusionAuth, [Applications](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications) are a similar construct, but users are associated with them through [Registrations](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/registrations). You can migrate both your Client Id and Client Secret from Azure AD B2C to FusionAuth.
* Azure AD B2C sends emails on your behalf, such as forgot password notifications. FusionAuth can do so too; [the templates are customizable](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/).
* Azure AD B2C offers the Client Credentials grant. FusionAuth offers a constrained version of this using [Entity Management](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/entity-management); this is available in all paid plans.
* Refresh tokens allow JWTs to be refreshed without a user logging in. These can be migrated from Azure AD B2C using the [Import Refresh Tokens API](/docs/apis/users#import-refresh-tokens).
* Azure AD B2C allows for custom attributes, but they must be configured at the Directory level. In FusionAuth, as mentioned above, custom user attributes are stored on the `user.data` field and are dynamic, searchable and unlimited in size. Any valid JSON value may be stored in this field.
* Azure AD B2C supports MFA. FusionAuth also [supports MFA](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/multi-factor-authentication), which may be enabled for a tenant and configured for a user at any time.

<Aside type="note">
In FusionAuth, users are explicitly mapped to applications with a [Registration](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/registrations).

Azure AD B2C, in contrast, gives users access to all Azure AD B2C applications in a Tenant by default.
</Aside>

#### Identifiers

<Identifiers />

#### Differences

In addition to the different names for common functionality outlined above in [Other Entities](#other-entities), there are some fundamental differences between FusionAuth and Azure AD B2C. If your application relies on Azure AD B2C specific functionality, please review this section carefully.

* Azure AD B2C has [a pricing model](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/pricing/details/active-directory/external-identities/#pricing) that applies to monthly active users (MAUs). FusionAuth has no user limit. Instead, you are limited by the resources provided to a FusionAuth instance, such as memory, CPU and database capacity.

Once you've planned the migration of other entities, the next step is to set up FusionAuth to connect to Azure AD B2C to import users during login.

## Importing Users

Because you are implementing a slow migration, it will take place over time. But you can set up a test environment to confirm it will work before deploying to production. Here are the steps we need to take.

1. Set Up FusionAuth
2. Set Up Azure AD B2C
3. Set Up the Connector
4. Log In as a Test User
5. Verify the Import
6. Migrate Everything Else

### Set Up FusionAuth

<SetUpFusionauth />

#### Create a Test Tenant

<CreateTestTenant migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} migration_source_name={migration_source_name} add_tenant_image_role={add_tenant_image_role} />

#### Create a Test Application

<CreateTestApplication migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} migration_source_name={migration_source_name} />

### Set Up Azure AD B2C

There are three main components you need to set up to enable this migration.

The first is an App Registration, with an [ROPC flow](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory-b2c/add-ropc-policy?tabs=app-reg-ga&pivots=b2c-user-flow).

Secondly, you will need to set up a [Microsoft Graph application](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory-b2c/microsoft-graph-get-started?tabs=app-reg-ga) to retrieve the user's details, in order to import them to FusionAuth.

The third is an [Azure Function](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-functions/functions-overview) to accept login requests from FusionAuth over TLS and perform an [ROPC login](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory-b2c/add-ropc-policy?tabs=app-reg-ga&pivots=b2c-user-flow) request on Azure AD B2C, and return the relevant user data via the Azure AD B2C Graph API app.

<Aside type="caution">
FusionAuth Connectors will send user credentials to Azure AD B2C for authentication, via an Azure Function. Secure both the data in transit and the Azure Function endpoint.

In this guide, all communication is over TLS and the Azure Function requires a unique query string code. You should also review the documents on [Securing Azure Functions](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-functions/security-concepts?tabs=v4) to implement any additional security features you may require.

Also note that the Azure AD B2C ROPC endpoint is monitored by rate limiting and identity protection systems. If a dynamic threshold of failed authentications is exceeded, the identity protection system may identify a repeated IP address (i.e. the Azure Function) as an attacker. You may need to deploy Functions to multiple regions, or perhaps self-host the function on a known IP address to mitigate potential issues.
</Aside>

#### Configuring the App Registration in Azure AD B2C

FusionAuth will send login requests to Azure AD B2C to validate the users credentials, via the Azure Function. It will also retrieve the users Azure AD B2C profile from the Microsoft Graph API. It is best practice to create new App Registrations for each of the ROPC flow and Microsoft Graph connection. This guide will walk through the configurations using the Azure Portal.

<Aside type="note">
These instructions use the newer [App Registrations](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory-b2c/app-registrations-training-guide) (as opposed to the legacy Applications) experience.
</Aside>

Visit the [Azure AD B2C App Registrations](https://aka.ms/b2cappregistrations) tab. Then [follow these instructions](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory-b2c/add-ropc-policy?tabs=app-reg-ga&pivots=b2c-user-flow#register-an-application) to set up a new ROPC App Registration and Flow.

At the end, you'll end up with an app client configuration looking similar to this:

![Configuring an ROPC App Registration for migration.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/azureadb2c/ropc-app-registration-configuration.png)

Save the new configuration. On the list of app clients, you'll see your new one.

Record the Application (client) ID. This will be a GUID like `022c5902-d8ee-43b0-ac1f-c2719b799657`. Also record the ROPC flow name - this will be needed as part of the Function environment settings.

![Finding the app client id.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/azureadb2c/ropc-app-client-id.png)

Now you can set up the App Registration for the Microsoft Graph API access. Follow [this guide](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory-b2c/microsoft-graph-get-started?tabs=app-reg-ga), including the <InlineUIElement>Create Client Secret</InlineUIElement> section. Record both the Client Secret, and the Application (client) ID as above.

Next, you'll need to set up an Azure Function to receive the login requests from FusionAuth and return the user's profile. The Function will pass the credentials on to Azure AD B2C and, when the authentication succeeds, retrieve the user's profile from Microsoft Graph, then return a FusionAuth friendly JSON object.

#### Configuring the Azure Function

The Azure Function receives the login request from FusionAuth, attempts to log the user in via ROPC, and then returns a FusionAuth user object on success. The Function will call the [Users](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/graph/api/user-get?view=graph-rest-1.0&tabs=http) API after successful authentication to get additional user attributes, which will then be transformed into a FusionAuth compatible format.

When setting this up, modify the example Function code provided in this guide. Here's the entire sample Azure Function, tested with the node 14 runtime:

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-ropc-azure-function/main/RopcProxyFunction/index.js"
            lang="javascript"
            title="Azure AD B2C Connector Function code" />

You will need to modify the `transformToFusionUserObject` function to match the properties of the users that you want to import. This converts the JSON returned from Azure AD B2C into the JSON format FusionAuth requires. You can see samples of both below. To modify this procedure, clone or fork the [repo for the full Function project](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-ropc-azure-function), then make the changes in your local copy of the project.

The exact implementation depends on your Active Directory's custom attributes and business logic. You could, for example, give users certain FusionAuth roles, register them for more than one application or add them to a previously created FusionAuth group.

```json title="Sample User Data Response from Azure AD B2C"
{
  "@odata.context": "https://graph.microsoft.com/beta/$metadata#users",
  "value":
  [
      {
          "id": "2e255143-5592-4233-a5b9-15e4ba56dfbe",
          "deletedDateTime": null,
          "accountEnabled": true,
          "ageGroup": null,
          "businessPhones":
          [],
          "city": null,
          "createdDateTime": "2022-08-05T21:05:58Z",
          "creationType": null,
          "companyName": null,
          "consentProvidedForMinor": null,
          "country": null,
          "department": null,
          "displayName": "Erlich Bachman",
          "employeeId": null,
          "employeeHireDate": null,
          "employeeLeaveDateTime": null,
          "employeeType": null,
          "faxNumber": null,
          "givenName": "Erlich",
          "imAddresses":
          [],
          "infoCatalogs":
          [],
          "isManagementRestricted": null,
          "isResourceAccount": null,
          "jobTitle": null,
          "legalAgeGroupClassification": null,
          "mail": null,
          "mailNickname": "erlich_bachman.com#EXT#",
          "mobilePhone": null,
          "onPremisesDistinguishedName": null,
          "officeLocation": null,
          "onPremisesDomainName": null,
          "onPremisesImmutableId": null,
          "onPremisesLastSyncDateTime": null,
          "onPremisesSecurityIdentifier": null,
          "onPremisesSamAccountName": null,
          "onPremisesSyncEnabled": null,
          "onPremisesUserPrincipalName": null,
          "otherMails":
          [
              "erlich@aviato.com"
          ],
          "passwordPolicies": null,
          "postalCode": null,
          "preferredDataLocation": null,
          "preferredLanguage": null,
          "proxyAddresses":
          [],
          "refreshTokensValidFromDateTime": "2022-08-05T21:05:58Z",
          "securityIdentifier": "S-1-12-1-774197571-1110660498-3826629029-3202307770",
          "showInAddressList": null,
          "signInSessionsValidFromDateTime": "2022-08-05T21:05:58Z",
          "state": null,
          "streetAddress": null,
          "surname": "Bachman",
          "usageLocation": null,
          "userPrincipalName": "erlich_bachman.com#EXT#@fusiontut.onmicrosoft.com",
          "externalUserConvertedOn": null,
          "externalUserState": null,
          "externalUserStateChangeDateTime": null,
          "userType": "Member",
          "employeeOrgData": null,
          "passwordProfile": null,
          "assignedLicenses":
          [],
          "assignedPlans":
          [],
          "authorizationInfo":
          {
              "certificateUserIds":
              []
          },
          "deviceKeys":
          [],
          "identities":
          [
              {
                  "signInType": "federated",
                  "issuer": "MicrosoftAccount",
                  "issuerAssignedId": null
              },
              {
                  "signInType": "userPrincipalName",
                  "issuer": "fusiontut.onmicrosoft.com",
                  "issuerAssignedId": "erlich_bachman.com#EXT#@fusiontut.onmicrosoft.com"
              }
          ],
          "onPremisesExtensionAttributes":
          {
              "extensionAttribute1": null,
              "extensionAttribute2": null,
              "extensionAttribute3": null,
              "extensionAttribute4": null,
              "extensionAttribute5": null,
              "extensionAttribute6": null,
              "extensionAttribute7": null,
              "extensionAttribute8": null,
              "extensionAttribute9": null,
              "extensionAttribute10": null,
              "extensionAttribute11": null,
              "extensionAttribute12": null,
              "extensionAttribute13": null,
              "extensionAttribute14": null,
              "extensionAttribute15": null
          },
          "onPremisesProvisioningErrors":
          [],
          "provisionedPlans":
          []
      }
  ]
}
```

The `transformToFusionUserObject` will transform the above into a FusionAuth compatible format, as displayed below:

```json title="Sample Successful Login JSON"
{
  "user": {
    "id": "702eebc9-ef84-489f-b7d3-6f67388ffdd3",
    "active": true,
    "firstName": "Erlich",
    "fullName": "Erlich Bachman",
    "lastName": "Bachman",
    "username": "702eebc9-ef84-489f-b7d3-6f67388ffdd3@fusiontut.onmicrosoft.com",
    "email": "erlich.bachman@piedpiper.com",
    "verified": true,
    "insertInstant": 1661188751,
    "data": {
      "azure": {
        "identities": [
          {
            "signInType": "emailAddress",
            "issuer": "fusiontut.onmicrosoft.com",
            "issuerAssignedId": "erlich.bachman@piedpiper.com"
          },
          {
            "signInType": "userPrincipalName",
            "issuer": "fusiontut.onmicrosoft.com",
            "issuerAssignedId": "702eebc9-ef84-489f-b7d3-6f67388ffdd3@fusiontut.onmicrosoft.com"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
```

Once you have the custom function logic updated, it is time to deploy the Azure Function.

#### Deploying the Azure Function

Azure Functions can be coded within the Azure portal directly, or coded on your local machine and deployed as a package using [Visual Studio Code, with Azure Extensions](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-functions/functions-develop-vs-code?tabs=csharp). As the function has dependent modules, you will need to follow these instructions. Clone the [function GitHub repo](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-ropc-azure-function), and follow the instructions in the link to deploy to your Azure Function.

After deploying the Function, set the following Function environment variables, also known as [Application Settings](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-functions/functions-how-to-use-azure-function-app-settings?tabs=portal), to those that you recorded when setting up the ROPC app:

```bash title="Azure Connector Function environment variables to set"
TENANT_NAME:          // The name of your AD B2C Tenant,
ROPC_FLOW_NAME:       // The name of the ROPC flow setup above
ROPC_CLIENT_ID:       // The Client ID of the ROPC App Registration
GRAPH_CLIENT_ID:      // The Microsoft Graph API App Registration clientId, a.k.a Application id
GRAPH_CLIENT_SECRET:  // The Microsoft Graph API App Registration client secret
```

#### Testing The Deployed API

Once you have deployed the Function, copy the Function URL with the access code from the Azure Portal. You can do this by clicking the <InlineUIElement>Get Function URL</InlineUIElement> button on the top bar of the Function overview page. The URL should look something like this: `https://fusionAuth.azurewebsites.net/api/RopcProxy?code=s0ndU863xdbXsFO4dLZAJQXLzyTU789iaUJ43uLAtIkXm_AzFuFWP1zg==`.

Test the login process with the lambda. You can use curl and an account whose username and password you know to do so.

```shell title="Testing the API and Azure Function with Curl"
curl -X POST \
'https://fusionAuth.azurewebsites.net/api/RopcProxy?code=s0ndU863xdbXsFO4dLZAJQXLzyTU789iaUJ43uLAtIkXm_AzFuFWP1zg=='  -H 'Content-type: application/json' -d '{
  "loginId": "test@example.com",
  "password": "password"
}'
```

If the user is authenticated, you should receive a response similar, though differing based on how you modified the Function code, to this:

```json title="Successful Results of Testing the API and Azure Function"
{
  "user": {
    "id": "702eebc9-ef84-489f-b7d3-6f67388ffdd3",
    "active": true,
    "firstName": "Erlich",
    "fullName": "Erlich Bachman",
    "lastName": "Bachman",
    "username": "702eebc9-ef84-489f-b7d3-6f67388ffdd3@fusiontut.onmicrosoft.com",
    "email": "erlich.bachman@piedpiper.com",
    "verified": true,
    "insertInstant": 1661188751,
    "data": {
      "azure": {
        "identities": [
          {
            "signInType": "emailAddress",
            "issuer": "fusiontut.onmicrosoft.com",
            "issuerAssignedId": "erlich.bachman@piedpiper.com"
          },
          {
            "signInType": "userPrincipalName",
            "issuer": "fusiontut.onmicrosoft.com",
            "issuerAssignedId": "702eebc9-ef84-489f-b7d3-6f67388ffdd3@fusiontut.onmicrosoft.com"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
```

If the authorization header or account credentials are incorrect, a 404 HTTP status code is returned, along with a message in the body. You can view the status code by running `curl` with the `-v` switch.

### Set Up the Connector

Now you need to set up a Connector to use the Azure AD B2C API you created. You should set up a different Connector for each Azure AD B2C Tenant.

Log back into the FusionAuth administrative user interface if needed.

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

Connectors are a feature limited to paid plans, so you must ensure you have a valid reactor license. Learn more about [activating reactor](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/licensing).

Next:

* Configure the Connector with the API URL and authorization header
* Configure the Tenant to use the Connector

#### Configure a Connector

Create and configure the Connector. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Connectors</Breadcrumb> and add a new Generic Connector.

Configure the Connector:

* Add a name like `Azure AD B2C migration`.
* Set the <InlineField>Authentication URL</InlineField> to the value of the Function URL endpoint created above.
* You don't need to set any headers, as Azure Functions have a code in the querystring.

At the end, you should have a screen like this:

![Configuring a Generic Connector.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/azureadb2c/configured-generic-connector.png)

Save the Connector. Next, configure your tenant to use this Connector.

#### Configuring the Tenant

Navigate to your tenant settings: <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Azure import tenant -> Connectors</Breadcrumb>.

Click the <InlineField>Add policy</InlineField> button to set up a new Connector policy.

![Connector policies for this Tenant.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/azureadb2c/connector-policies.png)

Set the <InlineField>Connector</InlineField> field value to the name of the Connector created previously. Make sure that the <InlineField>Migrate user</InlineField> field is enabled. You can leave the <InlineField>Domains</InlineField> field with the value of `*`, which will apply this Connector to every user.

After configuration, the Policy entry form should look similar to this:

![Add Connector policy.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/azureadb2c/add-connector-policy.png)

Save it.

Next, ensure this Connector Policy is in the correct order by using the arrows in the administrative user interface to put it at the top. With this configuration, all users are checked against this Connector the first time they are seen. If they log in, they'll be migrated to the FusionAuth user database.

![Azure AD B2C Connector policy added and in list.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/azureadb2c/connector-policy-list-after-adding.png)

### Log In With a Test User

To test that users will be migrated, log in as a test user via the FusionAuth interface.

When you set up the test application, you recorded the <InlineField>OAuth IdP login URL</InlineField>.

![Finding the login URL.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/azureadb2c/find-login-url.png)

Copy this URL and open it in a new incognito browser window. (If you don't use an incognito window, the admin user session will interfere with the test.) You should see the login screen:

![The login page.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/azureadb2c/user-login.png)

Enter credentials for a Azure AD B2C user account; it can be the same one you used to test the API with curl and log in. The user will be transparently migrated over to FusionAuth.

If the user was not migrated or the login was unsuccessful, you can troubleshoot. In the administrative user interface, enable the <InlineField>Debug enabled</InlineField> field in the Connector configuration by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Connectors</Breadcrumb> and editing the Generic Connector you added.

After enabling enhanced debug messages, try to log in again with the test user. In the administrative user interface, navigate to <Breadcrumb>System -> Event Log</Breadcrumb> and look for useful messages.

<Aside type="note">
After a successful test login, the user will be redirected to a URL like `https://example.com/?code=FlZF97WIYLNxt4SGD_22qvpRh4fZ6kg_N89ZbBAy1E4&locale=fr&userState=Authenticated`. This occurs because you haven't set up a web application to handle the authorization code redirect yet.

That is an important next step but is beyond the scope of this document. Consult the [5 minute setup guide](/docs/get-started/start-here/step-1) for an example of how to do this.
</Aside>

Let's check that the import succeeded in another way: by viewing the user in the administrative user interface.

### Verify the Migration

<VerifyImport migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />


At this point, you've successfully migrated a user from Azure AD B2C into FusionAuth. Any further changes for this user will occur against the FusionAuth database; this includes profile and password changes.

### Clean Up Your Test Environment

After you are done testing, deploy these same configuration changes to production.

Depending on your architecture, you can choose to migrate users into the default tenant or a new tenant of the production instance. Whichever you choose, configure the Connector policy of the destination tenant.

If you aren't keeping users in the test tenant, delete it. This is also useful if you want to start over because you need to tweak a setting such as the default application registration. In either case, delete the tenant you created.

This will remove all the users and other configuration for this tenant, giving you a fresh start. To delete a tenant, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants</Breadcrumb> and choose the red trash can icon corresponding to the tenant to be deleted.

![Deleting a tenant.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/azureadb2c/list-of-tenants-delete-highlighted.png)

Confirm your desire to delete the tenant. Depending on how many users exist in that tenant, this may take some time. If it is easier, you may also delete migrated users one at a time using the administrative user interface.

### Migrate Everything Else

<WhatNext />

<WhatNextAzureAdB2c />

### Estimate the Slow Migration Timeline

When using a slow migration, you can estimate how many accounts will be migrated in a given period of time.

<SlowMigrationTimeline />

After this period of time, you may want to bulk migrate the rest of the users, or treat them as inactive and not migrate them. Plan to disable the Connector and remove the tenant's Connector Policy after the slow migration is complete.

Learn more about [general slow migration considerations](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users#slow-migration-implementation).

### Additional Support

<AdditionalSupport />

## Bulk Migration

As mentioned above, a bulk migration of Azure AD B2C users requires all imported users to reset their passwords, since Azure AD B2C password hashes are inaccessible. This is typically a poor choice as it negatively affects users. However, if a slow migration won't work because of timing or other reasons, you can move all user information other than passwords from Azure AD B2C to FusionAuth, and then send password reset emails.

The benefits of a bulk migration are:

* You can move your users all at once.
* You no longer have a dependency on Azure AD B2C.

The downsides of a bulk import:

* You must require all users to reset their password. You can do this in bulk via API calls or you can have users reset their passwords when they try to login.

To bulk migrate users, the following steps are needed:

* Set up FusionAuth
* Extract all user data from Azure AD B2C
* Reformat the data into FusionAuth compatible JSON
* Import the users using the [Import User API](/docs/apis/users#import-users)
* Reset all user passwords

Let's look at each of these steps in more detail.

### Set Up FusionAuth For a Bulk Migration

You need to set up FusionAuth, including a tenant and API key.

<CreateTestTenant migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} migration_source_name={migration_source_name} add_tenant_image_role={add_tenant_image_role} />

The next step is to create an API key. This will be used by the import script. To do so, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> API Keys</Breadcrumb> in the administrative user interface.

![Adding an API key](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/azureadb2c/add-api-key.png)

This key needs to have the permission to run a bulk import of users. In the spirit of the principle of least privilege, give it the permission to `POST` to the `/api/user/import` endpoint. Also, give the key permissions to `POST` to the API endpoint `/api/user/forgot-password`. Record the API key string, as you'll use it below.

![Setting API key permissions](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/azureadb2c/set-api-key-permissions.png)

### Export User Data From Azure AD B2C

You need to export whatever data you can from Azure AD B2C before you can import it to FusionAuth.

<Aside type="note">
The Azure AD B2C UI provides for bulk exporting of users. However, at the time of this guide, [user email addresses are not available through the bulk export](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/373771/azure-ad-b2c-user-export-missing-mail.html). This guide uses the [Graph API](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory-b2c/microsoft-graph-operations) to export user data, which does include email addresses.
</Aside>

To export the data via the Graph API, you need to authenticate with the API, and then call the [List method](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/graph/api/user-list?view=graph-rest-1.0&tabs=http) to return the data.

To authenticate with Azure AD B2C, you first need to register an application with Azure AD B2C, which will give you an app ID and secret. Follow [this guide](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory-b2c/microsoft-graph-get-started?tabs=app-reg-ga) to create an application.

We've created a node console tool to authenticate with the Graph API and export the users. You can clone or fork it from [the GitHub repository](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-azure-ad-bulk-export). Then update the `.env` file with your Azure AD B2C tenant and app ID and secret.

```bash title="Bulk Export tool environment variables to set"
CLIENT_ID          // The client id,
TENANT_ID           // The the tenant id eg. guide.onmicrosoft.com
CLIENT_SECRET       // The client secret
```

Now you can run the tool, which will connect and export all the tenant users to a JSON file called `users.json`. It should look similar to this:

```json title="list-users results"
{
  "@odata.context": "https://graph.microsoft.com/beta/$metadata#users",
  "value":
  [
      {
          "id": "862caa6a-86a6-4f3c-a0c0-8fc5d817fc56",
          "deletedDateTime": null,
          "accountEnabled": true,
          "ageGroup": null,
          "businessPhones":
          [],
          "city": null,
          "createdDateTime": "2022-08-05T21:40:48Z",
          "creationType": "LocalAccount",
          "companyName": null,
          "consentProvidedForMinor": null,
          "country": "South Africa",
          "department": null,
          "displayName": "Erlich Bachman",
          "employeeId": null,
          "employeeHireDate": null,
          "employeeLeaveDateTime": null,
          "employeeType": null,
          "faxNumber": null,
          "givenName": "Erlich",
          "imAddresses":
          [],
          "infoCatalogs":
          [],
          "isManagementRestricted": null,
          "isResourceAccount": null,
          "jobTitle": null,
          "legalAgeGroupClassification": null,
          "mail": null,
          "mailNickname": "862caa6a-86a6-4f3c-a0c0-8fc5d817fc56",
          "mobilePhone": null,
          "onPremisesDistinguishedName": null,
          "officeLocation": null,
          "onPremisesDomainName": null,
          "onPremisesImmutableId": null,
          "onPremisesLastSyncDateTime": null,
          "onPremisesSecurityIdentifier": null,
          "onPremisesSamAccountName": null,
          "onPremisesSyncEnabled": null,
          "onPremisesUserPrincipalName": null,
          "otherMails":
          [],
          "passwordPolicies": "DisablePasswordExpiration",
          "postalCode": "2109",
          "preferredDataLocation": null,
          "preferredLanguage": null,
          "proxyAddresses":
          [],
          "refreshTokensValidFromDateTime": "2022-08-05T21:40:46Z",
          "securityIdentifier": "S-1-12-1-1680648810-1329366694-3314532512-1258035160",
          "showInAddressList": null,
          "signInSessionsValidFromDateTime": "2022-08-05T21:40:46Z",
          "state": null,
          "streetAddress": null,
          "surname": "Bachman",
          "usageLocation": null,
          "userPrincipalName": "862caa6a-86a6-4f3c-a0c0-8fc5d817fc56@fusiontut.onmicrosoft.com",
          "externalUserConvertedOn": null,
          "externalUserState": null,
          "externalUserStateChangeDateTime": null,
          "userType": "Member",
          "employeeOrgData": null,
          "passwordProfile": null,
          "assignedLicenses":
          [],
          "assignedPlans":
          [],
          "authorizationInfo":
          {
              "certificateUserIds":
              []
          },
          "deviceKeys":
          [],
          "identities":
          [
              {
                  "signInType": "emailAddress",
                  "issuer": "fusiontut.onmicrosoft.com",
                  "issuerAssignedId": "erlich_bachman@fusiontut.onmicrosoft.com"
              },
              {
                  "signInType": "userPrincipalName",
                  "issuer": "fusiontut.onmicrosoft.com",
                  "issuerAssignedId": "862caa6a-86a6-4f3c-a0c0-8fc5d817fc56@fusiontut.onmicrosoft.com"
              }
          ],
          "onPremisesExtensionAttributes":
          {
              "extensionAttribute1": null,
              "extensionAttribute2": null,
              "extensionAttribute3": null,
              "extensionAttribute4": null,
              "extensionAttribute5": null,
              "extensionAttribute6": null,
              "extensionAttribute7": null,
              "extensionAttribute8": null,
              "extensionAttribute9": null,
              "extensionAttribute10": null,
              "extensionAttribute11": null,
              "extensionAttribute12": null,
              "extensionAttribute13": null,
              "extensionAttribute14": null,
              "extensionAttribute15": null
          },
          "onPremisesProvisioningErrors":
          [],
          "provisionedPlans":
          []
      }
  ]
}
```

You are now ready to transform your data, and import it to FusionAuth. We've created a Ruby script to help you do this.

### Get the Script

<GetScript migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

### Install Needed Gems

The following gems must be available to the import script:

* `date`
* `json`
* `optargs`
* `securerandom`
* `fusionauth_client`

Most likely all of these will be on your system already, except the `fusionauth_client` gem.

If you have `bundler` installed, run `bundle install` in the `azureadb2c` directory. Otherwise install the needed gems in some other way.

### Use the Script

You can see the usage guide of the script by running it with the `-h` option:

```sh title="Running the import script with the help command line switch"
ruby ./import.rb -h
```

The output will be similar to this:

```sh title="The help output of the import.rb script"
Usage: import.rb [options]
    -l, --link-social-accounts       Link social accounts, if present, after import. This operation is slower than an import.
    -r APPLICATION_IDS,              A comma separated list of existing applications Ids. All users will be registered for these applications.
        --register-users
    -o, --only-link-social-accounts  Link social accounts with no import.
    -u, --users-file USERS_FILE      The exported JSON user data file from Azure AD B2C. Defaults to users.json.
    -f FUSIONAUTH_URL,               The location of the FusionAuth instance. Defaults to http://localhost:9011.
        --fusionauth-url
    -k, --fusionauth-api-key API_KEY The FusionAuth API key.
    -t TENANT_ID,                    The FusionAuth tenant id. Required if more than one tenant exists.
        --fusionauth-tenant-id
    -h, --help                       Prints this help.
```

For this script to work correctly, set the following switches, unless the defaults work for you:

* `-u` should point to the location of the user export file you obtained from running the API export, unless the default works.
* `-f` must point to your FusionAuth instance. If you are testing locally, it will probably be `http://localhost:9011`.
* `-k` needs to be set to the value of the API key created above.
* `-t` should be set to the Id of the testing tenant created above.

The `-o` and `-l` switches will attempt to create links for any social users (where the user authenticated via Google or another social provider) found in the user's data file.

If you are loading social users, you must create the social providers in FusionAuth beforehand, or the links will fail. Additionally, creating a link is not currently optimized in the same way that loading users is. So it may make sense to import all the users in one pass (omitting the `-l` switch). Then, after the users are imported, create the links using the `-o` switch in a second pass.

<Aside type="note">
The social account linking functionality will only work with FusionAuth versions above or equal to 1.28. The `fusionauth_client` library must be >= 1.28 too.
</Aside>

Running the script should produce an output like this:

```shell title="Import script output"
$ ruby ./import.rb -f http://localhost:9011 -k '...'
FusionAuth Importer : Azure AD B2C
 > User file: user-data.json
 > Call FusionAuth to import users
 > Import success
Duplicate users 0
Import complete. 2 users imported.
```

#### Enhancing the Script

You may also want to migrate additional data. Currently, the following attributes are migrated:

* `user_id`
* `email`
* `email_verified`
* `username`
* `insertInstant`
* `registrations`, if supplied

The migrated user will have the Azure AD B2C original user identities stored on the `user.data` object. If you have additional user attributes to migrate, review and modify the `map_user` method.

You may also want to assign Roles, or associate users with Groups, by creating the appropriate JSON data structures in the import call. These are documented in the [Import User API docs](/docs/apis/users#import-users). This will require modifying the `import.rb` code.

### Verify the Import

Next, log in to the FusionAuth administrative user interface. Review the user entries to ensure the data was correctly imported.

![List imported users.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/azureadb2c/list-users.png)

### The Final Destination of Imported Users

<FinalDestination migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

Now that you have all the users imported, you must reset their passwords.

### Reset Passwords

Users may reset their password using the `Forgot Password` link on the login page, or you can use the API calls documented below to do it.

<Aside type="caution">
This script will send an email to every imported user. Ensure your SMTP server, configured in <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Your Tenant -> Email</Breadcrumb>, is able to handle the volume.
</Aside>

Review the `Change Password` template to ensure the messaging is correct. Here is [more information on modifying the template](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/email-templates-replacement-variables#forgot-password).

Retrieve the `loginId` from the Azure AD B2C JSON export files and place it in a single file. The `loginId` will either be the username or the email address. Update the script below to use the API key created in [Set Up FusionAuth For a Bulk Migration](#set-up-fusionauth-for-a-bulk-migration) step.

The script below will call the [forgot password API](/docs/apis/users#start-forgot-password-workflow) for every user. It sleeps periodically to avoid overloading the SMTP server.

```shell title="Example User Password Reset"
#!/bin/bash
API_KEY=...
LOGIN_ID_FILE=...
FA_HOST=...

for loginId in `cat $LOGIN_ID_FILE`; do
  sleep $[( $RANDOM % 10 > 8)] # sleeps 1 second ~10% of the time
  RES=`curl --max-time 600 \
       -s -w "%{http_code}" \
       -H "Authorization: $API_KEY" \
       -H "Content-type: application/json" \
       -XPOST \
       $FA_HOST/api/user/forgot-password \
       -d '{"loginId": "'$loginId'","sendForgotPasswordEmail": true}'`
  if [ "$RES" -ne "200" ]; then
    echo "Error: $RES";
    exit 1;
  fi
done
```

At the end of this process, you have imported the user data and enabled users to reset their passwords to a known value.

### What To Do Next

<WhatNext />

<WhatNextAzureAdB2c />

### Additional Support

<AdditionalSupport />

# Migrate From Amazon Cognito

import MappingUserAttributes from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_mapping-user-attributes.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import SocialLoginMigration from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_social-login-migration.mdx';
import OtherEntitiesIntro from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_other-entities-intro.mdx';
import Identifiers from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_identifiers.mdx';
import SetUpFusionauth from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_set-up-fusionauth.mdx';
import CreateTestTenant from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-test-tenant.mdx';
import CreateTestApplication from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-test-application.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import VerifyImport from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_verify-import.mdx';
import WhatNext from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_what-next.mdx';
import WhatNextCognito from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_what-next-cognito.mdx';
import SlowMigrationTimeline from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_slow-migration-timeline.mdx';
import AdditionalSupport from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_additional-support.mdx';
import CreateApiKey from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-api-key.mdx';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

export const migration_source_name = 'Cognito';
export const migration_source_dir = 'cognito';
export const add_tenant_image_role = 'bottom-cropped';

This document will help you migrate your users off of Amazon Cognito. If you are looking to compare FusionAuth and Cognito, [this document may help](/blog/amazon-cognito-and-fusionauth-comparison).

There are a number of different ways applications can be integrated with Cognito, and it would be difficult to cover them all. This guide focuses on migrating user data, including profile data and passwords. However, [Cognito does not allow for password hash export](https://forums.aws.amazon.com/thread.jspa?threadID=296932&tstart=0). Therefore, you must perform a slow migration if you don't want to force users to reset their passwords.

Alternatively, you can do a bulk migration and force everyone to reset their passwords. This option is discussed below, but the primary focus of this guide is enabling you to migrate your users from Cognito without requiring any password resets.

## Prerequisites

This guide assumes intermediate level familiarity with AWS, in particular Cognito, CloudFormation and AWS Lambda.

This guide assumes you have installed FusionAuth. If you have not, please [view our installation guides](/docs/get-started/download-and-install) and install FusionAuth before you begin. For more general migration information, please view the [FusionAuth migration guide](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users).


## Planning Considerations

### Slow Migration Or Bulk Migration

To preserve your user's passwords, you need to perform a slow migration. Users log in to FusionAuth with their Cognito credentials, and FusionAuth transparently migrates their data. Slow migrations in FusionAuth use [Connectors](/docs/apis/connectors), a paid feature.

If, on the other hand, resetting user passwords is acceptable, a [Bulk Migration](#bulk-migration) can work for you. Review that section for more details on the required steps. You may also perform a bulk migration after a slow migration has run for a while. Active users can be transparently migrated and infrequent users may not mind resetting their password.

You can learn more about the [types of migrations that FusionAuth supports here](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/#migration-types).

### Mapping User Attributes

<MappingUserAttributes migration_source_name={migration_source_name} />

### One Tenant or Many

In Cognito, users are placed in [User Pools](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cognito/latest/developerguide/cognito-user-identity-pools.html). FusionAuth has a similar concept called [Tenants](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenants). Both of these include data about users, applications and other configuration.

Each tenant in FusionAuth is a distinct user space. You may choose to merge multiple Cognito User Pools into one FusionAuth tenant or keep them separate.

Learn more about [FusionAuth tenants](/docs/extend/examples/multi-tenant).

### Identity Pools

In Cognito, external identity providers are managed using [Identity Pools](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cognito/latest/developerguide/external-identity-providers.html). With FusionAuth, these are called [Identity Providers](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/).

Review the supported FusionAuth [Identity Providers](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/) to ensure any you need are supported. At this time, all Cognito external identity providers are supported by FusionAuth, except `Login with Amazon`.

If not supported explicitly, a provider may work with an OIDC or SAML connection. Otherwise, please open a [feature request](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-issues/).

<Aside type="note">
Importing Cognito users stored in an external identity provider is more straightforward because you can use the Import API; you don't have to perform a slow migration. Many of the steps in [Bulk Migration](#bulk-migration) will apply.
</Aside>

To retrieve the user information, use the approach documented in the [Export User Data From Cognito](#export-user-data-from-cognito) section.

<SocialLoginMigration />

### Other Entities

<OtherEntitiesIntro other_migrated_entities="app clients or password policies" migration_source_name={migration_source_name}/>

* [Lambda Triggers](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cognito/latest/developerguide/cognito-user-identity-pools-working-with-aws-lambda-triggers.html) are ways for you to customize authentication or authorization workflows with AWS Lambdas. FusionAuth has a similar concept called [Lambdas](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/). FusionAuth also has [webhooks](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/) fired at certain points in the user lifecycle; in certain configurations, they can also stop a particular authentication flow.
* Cognito is deeply integrated with [AWS IAM](https://aws.amazon.com/iam/), in particular with respect to roles and permissions. FusionAuth has [roles](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/roles) that are configured on an application by application basis and made available in a token after a successful authentication. FusionAuth can also issue tokens which can be used with [AWS IAM OIDC federation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_roles_providers_oidc.html).
* Cognito has the concept of a [Hosted UI](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cognito/latest/developerguide/cognito-user-pools-app-integration.html) where users can log in or register. FusionAuth has [hosted login pages](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/integration-points#hosted-login-pages) which offer a superset of the functionality of Cognito's Hosted UI. They are [customized via themes](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/).
* In Cognito, users log into [app clients](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cognito/latest/developerguide/cognito-user-pools-app-idp-settings.html) if using the Hosted UI. In FusionAuth, [Applications](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications) are a similar construct, but users are associated with them through [Registrations](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/registrations). You can migrate both your Client Id and Client Secret from Cognito to FusionAuth.
* Cognito sends emails on your behalf, such as forgot password notifications. FusionAuth can do so too; [the templates are customizable](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/).
* Cognito offers the Client Credentials grant. FusionAuth offers a constrained version of this using [Entity Management](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/entity-management); this is available in all paid plans.
* Refresh tokens allow JWTs to be refreshed without a user logging in. These can be migrated from Cognito using the [Import Refresh Tokens API](/docs/apis/users#import-refresh-tokens).
* Cognito allows for custom attributes, but they must be configured at User Pool creation. In FusionAuth, as mentioned above, custom user attributes are stored on the `user.data` field and are dynamic, searchable and unlimited in size. Any valid JSON value may be stored in this field.
* Cognito supports MFA. FusionAuth also [supports MFA](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/multi-factor-authentication), which may be enabled for a tenant and configured for a user at any time.

<Aside type="note">
In FusionAuth, users are explicitly mapped to applications with a [Registration](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/registrations).

Cognito, in contrast, gives users access to all Cognito applications In a User Pool by default.
</Aside>

#### Identifiers

<Identifiers migration_source_name={migration_source_name}/>

#### Differences

In addition to the different names for common functionality outlined above in [Other Entities](#other-entities), there are some fundamental differences between FusionAuth and Cognito. If your application relies on Cognito specific functionality, please review this section carefully.

* Cognito has [quotas](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cognito/latest/developerguide/limits.html) that apply to logins and operations. FusionAuth has no quotas. Instead, you are limited by the resources provided to a FusionAuth instance, such as memory, CPU and database capacity.
* Cognito has [the ability to retrieve AWS credentials](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cognito/latest/developerguide/getting-credentials.html) when a user logs in. FusionAuth has no inherent ability to do so. If this is required, you could use FusionAuth as a [Cognito OIDC External Identity Provider](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cognito/latest/developerguide/open-id.html) and have Cognito provision the AWS credentials.
* FusionAuth has no analog to [Cognito Sync](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cognito/latest/developerguide/cognito-sync.html). If you need this feature, use a specialized syncing library. Users report that FusionAuth works fine with [AWS AppSync](https://aws.amazon.com/appsync/).
* Cognito does not support Cross-Region Replication, which syncs data across multiple geographic regions for higher availability. In contract, [FusionAuth supports this](/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/disaster-recovery).

Once you've planned the migration of other entities, the next step is to set up FusionAuth to connect to Cognito to import users during login.

## Importing Users

Because you are implementing a slow migration, it will take place over time. But you can set up a test environment to confirm it will work before deploying to production. Here are the steps we need to take.

1. Set Up FusionAuth
2. Set Up AWS
3. Set Up the Connector
4. Log In as a Test User
5. Verify the Import
6. Migrate Everything Else

### Set Up FusionAuth

<SetUpFusionauth />

#### Create a Test Tenant

<CreateTestTenant migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} migration_source_name={migration_source_name} add_tenant_image_role={add_tenant_image_role} />

#### Create a Test Application

<CreateTestApplication migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} migration_source_name={migration_source_name} />

### Set Up AWS

There are two main components you need to set up to enable this migration. The first is an App Client. The second is an [AWS Lambda](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/welcome.html) to accept login requests from FusionAuth over TLS and proxy them to Cognito.

Set up both of these components for each Cognito User Pool whose users you are migrating.

<Aside type="caution">
FusionAuth Connectors will send user credentials to Cognito for authentication. Secure both the data in transit and the AWS Lambda endpoint.

In this guide, all communication is over TLS and the Lambda requires a certain `Authorization` header value. You could add additional layers of security, such as:

* Rotating the header periodically.
* Requiring a client certificate.
* [Locking down the API gateway](https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/api-gateway-resource-policy-access/) to only allow access from the FusionAuth IP address(es).
* Running FusionAuth within the same VPC as the Lambda and [using a VPC endpoint](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/configuration-vpc-endpoints.html).
</Aside>


#### Configuring the App Client in Cognito

FusionAuth will send login requests to Cognito but needs a client Id to do so. You can re-use an existing app client, but it is better practice to create a new one to receive these requests. This guide will walk through configuration using the AWS Console, but you can also configure this using CloudFormation, Terraform or any other IAC tool.

<Aside type="note">
These instructions use the new Cognito user interface released in the fall of 2021.
</Aside>

Visit the Cognito User Pool configuration containing the users you want to migrate. Navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Create app client</Breadcrumb> screen. Configure the new app client:

* Select `Other` for the <InlineField>App type</InlineField>. Give it a name, such as `FusionAuth migration`.
* Ensure the <InlineField>Client secret</InlineField> field is set to not generate a secret.
* For the <InlineField>Authentication flows</InlineField> field, select `ALLOW_USER_PASSWORD_AUTH` to enable username/password based authentication. This is the form of authentication FusionAuth will use to migrate over your users.
* You must enter a value in the <InlineField>Allowed callback URLs</InlineField> field, but this won't be used. Use a value like `https://example.com`.
* Make sure the client can read whatever attributes should be migrated; include the username or email address at a minimum.

Everything else can be left with default values.

At the end, you'll end up with an app client configuration looking similar to this:

![Configuring an app client for migration.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/cognito/cognito-app-client-configuration.png)

Save the new configuration. On the list of app clients, you'll see your new one.

Record the client Id. This will be a value like `5pmi4ct0o4n6ulqj7vlnkm6nhh`. Also, note the AWS region your User Pool is in, such as `us-east-2`.

![Finding the app client Id.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/cognito/cognito-app-client-list.png)

Next, you'll need to set up an Lambda with an API Gateway to receive the login requests from FusionAuth. The lambda will pass the credentials on to Cognito and, when the authentication succeeds, return a FusionAuth friendly JSON object.

#### Configuring the AWS Lambda

The AWS lambda receives the login request from FusionAuth, attempts to log the user in via Cognito, and then returns a FusionAuth user object on success. The lambda will call the [GetUser](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cognito-user-identity-pools/latest/APIReference/API_GetUser.html) API after successful authentication to get additional user attributes, which will then be transformed into a FusionAuth compatible format.

When setting this up, modify the example lambda code provided in this guide. Here's the entire sample AWS lambda, tested with the node 14 runtime:

<Aside type="caution">
This code will not work with the node 18 runtime or greater. Be sure to select the proper version of the node runtime when creating the AWS lambda.
</Aside>

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-cdk-cognito-migration/main/resources/index.js"
            lang="js"
            title="AWS Connector Lambda code" />

First, modify the constants at the top of the file with values you've previously recorded.

```javascript title="AWS Connector Lambda constants to modify"
const clientId = // the value of the App Client Id you created above
const region = // the AWS region where your user pool exists
const fusionAuthApplicationId = // the Id of the FusionAuth application to which you want to register the users automatically. Must exist in the test tenant.
const authorizationHeaderValue = // a random string to ensure that only the Connector can execute this lambda
```

You must modify the `processUserJSON` function as well. This converts the JSON returned from Cognito into the JSON format FusionAuth requires. You can see samples of both below.

The exact implementation depends on your UserPool custom attributes and business logic. You could, for example, give users certain FusionAuth roles, register them for more than one application or add them to a previously created FusionAuth group.

<Aside type="tip">
To test the AWS lambda you can configure the test event in the AWS management console. You will need to supply the `Event JSON`. It should look something like this:

```json title="Test Event JSON"
{
  "path": "/",
  "httpMethod": "POST",
  "headers": {
    "Authorization": "2687EE95-AF19-4CE6-A8BD-963139DED32E"
  },
  "body": "{\"loginId\":\"user1\",\"password\":\"Password#1\"}"
}
```

Update the Authorization header value and supply a known Cognito username and password.
</Aside>

```json title="Sample User Data Response from Cognito"
{
  "Username": "06744664-df6e-48cc-9421-3d56a9732172",
  "Attributes": [
    {
      "Name": "sub",
      "Value": "06744664-df6e-48cc-9421-3d56a9732172"
    },
    {
      "Name": "website",
      "Value": "http://example.com"
    },
    {
      "Name": "given_name",
      "Value": "Test"
    },
    {
      "Name": "middle_name",
      "Value": "T"
    },
    {
      "Name": "family_name",
      "Value": "Testerson"
    },
    {
      "Name": "email",
      "Value": "test@example.com"
    }
  ]
}
```

The `processUserJSON` will transform the above into a FusionAuth compatible format, as displayed below:

<JSON title="Sample Successful Login JSON" src="users/login-migrated-response.json" />

Once you have the custom lambda logic updated, it is time to deploy the AWS Lambda. Since it will be communicating over HTTP, it also needs an API Gateway.

#### Deploying the AWS Lambda

You have a number of options here. It's simplest to deploy with [CloudFormation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/Welcome.html), but pick the option that works best for you.

##### CloudFormation

Below is a sample template which sets up an API gateway that forwards POSTs to the AWS lambda. The lambda function definition is subject to the [limits outlined in the AWS documentation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-properties-lambda-function-code.html) for the `ZipFile` property.

Note the one looooong line containing the AWS lambda code.

You'll modify that next.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-cdk-cognito-migration/main/cloudformation/cloudformation.yaml"
            lang="yaml"
            title="CloudFormation AWS Lambda Deployment Template" />

Find a JavaScript minifier online and minify your custom lambda code. It's best if the minifier puts everything on one line; [this one is fine](https://www.toptal.com/developers/javascript-minifier/).

Update the template; replace the line after `ZipFile: |` with your minified JavaScript code.

```yaml title="CloudFormation Customization Point"
  lambdaFunction:
    Type: AWS::Lambda::Function
    Properties:
      Code:
        ZipFile: |
          # REPLACE THIS LINE
```

Next, create this stack as you would any other CloudFormation stack. Skip to [Testing The Deployed API](#testing-the-deployed-api).

##### AWS CDK

If you'd like to set up your Lambda with the AWS CDK, use [this example project](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-cdk-cognito-migration).

Here's an [introduction to the CDK](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cdk/latest/guide/getting_started.html).

{/*  TODO you can apparently call lambdas directly via a URL now? https://twitter.com/0xdabbad00/status/1461785704212709379 */}

Next, proceed to [Testing The Deployed API](#testing-the-deployed-api).

##### Deploy In Your Environment With Your Tools

If you already have an API gateway set up or want to build the environment from scratch, use the lambda code and deploy it in whatever fashion you wish. It doesn't need any special permissions other than CloudWatch logs for logging. When you deploy this infrastructure, make sure the lambda code is only available for `POST`s.

Here's the [AWS documentation about setting up an API gateway with a lambda](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/apigateway/latest/developerguide/getting-started.html).

#### Testing The Deployed API

Now that you've deployed the API backed by your custom AWS lambda, you should have a URL that looks something like this: `https://j2xbdwi6hf.execute-api.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/prod/`.

Test the login process with the lambda. You can use curl and an account whose username and password you know to do so.

```shell title="Testing the API and AWS Lambda with Curl"
curl -XPOST -H 'Authorization: <the value of authorizationHeaderValue>' \
https://j2xbdwi6hf.execute-api.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/prod/  -H 'Content-type: application/json' -d '{
  "loginId": "test@example.com",
  "password": "password"
}'
```

If the user is authenticated, you should receive a response similar, though differing based on how you modified the lambda code, to this:

```json title="Successful Results of Testing the API and AWS Lambda"
{
  "user": {
    "data": {
      "migratedDate": "2021-11-19T21:50:19.048Z",
      "migratedFrom": "cognito",
      "website": "http://example.com"
    },
    "username": "06744664-df6e-48cc-9421-3d56a9732172",
    "email": "test@example.com",
    "id": "06744664-df6e-48cc-9421-3d56a9732172",
    "firstName": "Test",
    "lastName": "Testerson",
    "active": true,
    "tenantId": "30663132-6464-6665-3032-326466613934",
    "registrations": [{
      "applicationId": "85a03867-dccf-4882-adde-1a79aeec50df"
    }]
  }
}
```

If the authorization header or account credentials are incorrect, an empty body and an HTTP status code are returned. You can view the status code by running `curl` with the `-vv` switch.

### Set Up the Connector

Now you need to set up a Connector to use the AWS API you created. You should set up a different Connector for each Cognito User pool.

Log back into the FusionAuth administrative user interface if needed.

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

Connectors are a feature limited to paid plans, so you must ensure you have a valid reactor license. Learn more about [activating reactor](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/licensing).

Next:

* Configure the Connector with the API URL and authorization header
* Configure the Tenant to use the Connector

#### Configure a Connector

Create and configure the Connector. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Connectors</Breadcrumb> and add a new Generic Connector.

![Adding a Generic Connector.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/cognito/add-generic-connector.png)

Configure the Connector:

* Add a name like `Cognito migration`.
* Set the <InlineField>Authentication URL</InlineField> to the value of the API gateway endpoint created above.
* Navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Headers</Breadcrumb> tab. Add the custom header value the AWS Lambda requires. Unless you modified the code, the header name is `Authorization`.

At the end, you should have a screen like this:

![Configuring a Generic Connector.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/cognito/configured-generic-connector.png)

Save the Connector. Next, configure your tenant to use this Connector.

#### Configuring the Tenant

Navigate to your tenant settings: <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Cognito import tenant -> Connectors</Breadcrumb>.

Click the <InlineField>Add policy</InlineField> button to set up a new Connector policy.

![Connector policies for this Tenant.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/cognito/connector-policies.png)

Set the <InlineField>Connector</InlineField> field value to the name of the Connector created previously. Make sure that the <InlineField>Migrate user</InlineField> field is enabled. You can leave the <InlineField>Domains</InlineField> field with the value of `*`, which will apply this Connector to every user.

After configuration, the Policy entry form should look similar to this:

![Add Connector policy.,width=1200](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/cognito/add-connector-policy.png)

Save it.

Next, ensure this Connector Policy is in the correct order by using the arrows in the administrative user interface to put it at the top. With this configuration, all users are checked against this Connector the first time they are seen. If they log in, they'll be migrated to the FusionAuth user database.

![Cognito Connector policy added and in list.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/cognito/connector-policy-list-after-adding.png)

### Log In With a Test User

To test that users will be migrated, log in as a test user via the FusionAuth interface.

When you set up the test application, you recorded the <InlineField>OAuth IdP login URL</InlineField>.

![Finding the login URL.,width=1200](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/cognito/find-login-url.png)

Copy this URL and open it in a new incognito browser window. (If you don't use an incognito window, the admin user session will interfere with the test.) You should see the login screen:

![The login page.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/cognito/user-login.png)

Enter credentials for a Cognito user account; it can be the same one you used to test the API with curl and log in. The user will be transparently migrated over to FusionAuth.

If the user was not migrated or the login was unsuccessful, you can troubleshoot. In the administrative user interface, enable the <InlineField>Debug enabled</InlineField> field in the Connector configuration by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Connectors</Breadcrumb> and editing the Generic Connector you added.

After enabling enhanced debug messages, try to log in again with the test user. In the administrative user interface, navigate to <InlineField>System -> Event Log</InlineField> and look for useful messages.

<Aside type="note">
After a successful test login, the user will be redirected to a URL like `https://example.com/?code=FlZF97WIYLNxt4SGD_22qvpRh4fZ6kg_N89ZbBAy1E4&locale=fr&userState=Authenticated`. This occurs because you haven't set up a web application to handle the authorization code redirect yet.

That is an important next step but is beyond the scope of this document. Consult the [5 minute setup guide](/docs/get-started/start-here/step-1) for an example of how to do this.
</Aside>

Let's check that the import succeeded in another way: by viewing the user in the administrative user interface.

### Verify the Migration

<VerifyImport migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

At this point, you've successfully migrated a user from Cognito into FusionAuth. Any further changes for this user will occur against the FusionAuth database; this includes profile and password changes.

### Clean Up Your Test Environment

After you are done testing, deploy these same configuration changes to production.

Depending on your architecture, you can choose to migrate users into the default tenant or a new tenant of the production instance. Whichever you choose, configure the Connector policy of the destination tenant.

If you aren't keeping users in the test tenant, delete it. This is also useful if you want to start over because you need to tweak a setting such as the default application registration. In either case, delete the tenant you created.

This will remove all the users and other configuration for this tenant, giving you a fresh start. To delete a tenant, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants</Breadcrumb> and choose the red trash can icon corresponding to the tenant to be deleted.

![Deleting a tenant.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/cognito/list-of-tenants-delete-highlighted.png)

Confirm your desire to delete the tenant. Depending on how many users exist in that tenant, this may take some time. If it is easier, you may also delete migrated users one at a time using the administrative user interface.

### Migrate Everything Else

<WhatNext />

<WhatNextCognito />

### Estimate The Slow Migration Timeline

When using a slow migration, you can estimate how many accounts will be migrated in a given period of time.

<SlowMigrationTimeline />

After this period of time, you may want to bulk migrate the rest of the users, or treat them as inactive and not migrate them. Plan to disable the Connector and remove the tenant's Connector Policy after the slow migration is complete.

Learn more about [general slow migration considerations](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users#slow-migration-implementation).

### Additional Support

<AdditionalSupport />

## Bulk Migration

As mentioned above, a bulk migration of Cognito users requires all imported users to reset their passwords, since Cognito password hashes are inaccessible. This is typically a poor choice as it negatively affects users. However, if a slow migration won't work because of timing or other reasons, you can move all user information other than passwords from Cognito to FusionAuth, and then send password reset emails.

The benefits of a bulk migration are:

* You can move your users all at once.
* You no longer have a dependency on Cognito.

The downsides of a bulk import:

* You must require all users to reset their password. You can do this in bulk via API calls or you can have users reset their passwords when they try to login.

To bulk migrate users, do the following:

* Set up FusionAuth
* Extract all user data from Cognito
* Reformat the data into FusionAuth compatible JSON
* Import the users using the [Import User API](/docs/apis/users#import-users)
* Reset all user passwords

Let's look at each of these steps in more detail.

### Set Up FusionAuth For a Bulk Migration

You need to set up FusionAuth, including a tenant and API key.

<CreateTestTenant migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} migration_source_name={migration_source_name} add_tenant_image_role={add_tenant_image_role} />

The next step is to create an API key. This will be used by the import script. To do so, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> API Keys</Breadcrumb> in the administrative user interface.

![Adding an API key](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/cognito/add-api-key.png)

This key needs to have the permission to run a bulk import of users. In the spirit of the principle of least privilege, give it the permission to `POST` to the `/api/user/import` endpoint. Also, give the key permissions to `POST` to the API endpoint `/api/user/change-password`. Record the API key string, as you'll use it below.

![Setting API key permissions](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/cognito/set-api-key-permissions.png)

### Export User Data From Cognito

You need to export whatever data you can from Cognito before you can import it to FusionAuth.

<Aside type="note">
These instructions use the `aws` command line tool. If you don't have that installed, please install and configure it using [the AWS documentation](https://aws.amazon.com/cli/).
</Aside>

Log in to the AWS console to find your User Pool Id. It will look something like `us-east-2_ud90QwSeF`. Then, get a list of all your users with the `list-users` command:

```shell title="Listing users in a pool"
aws cognito-idp list-users --user-pool-id us-east-2_ud90QwSeF
```

```json title="list-users results"
{
    "Users": [
        {
            "Username": "05f1780a-17d4-4bba-befb-07c074a89d7b",
            "Attributes": [
                {
                    "Name": "sub",
                    "Value": "05f1780a-17d4-4bba-befb-07c074a89d7b"
                },
                {
                    "Name": "website",
                    "Value": "http://example.com"
                },
                {
                    "Name": "email_verified",
                    "Value": "true"
                },
                {
                    "Name": "given_name",
                    "Value": "testverified"
                },
                {
                    "Name": "middle_name",
                    "Value": "T"
                },
                {
                    "Name": "family_name",
                    "Value": "Testerson"
                },
                {
                    "Name": "email",
                    "Value": "testverified@example.com"
                }
            ],
            "UserCreateDate": "2021-11-16T17:27:47.442000-07:00",
            "UserLastModifiedDate": "2021-11-16T17:30:05.292000-07:00",
            "Enabled": true,
            "UserStatus": "CONFIRMED"
        },
        {
            "Username": "06744664-df6e-48cc-9421-3d56a9732172",
            "Attributes": [
                {
                    "Name": "sub",
                    "Value": "06744664-df6e-48cc-9421-3d56a9732172"
                },
                {
                    "Name": "website",
                    "Value": "http://example.com"
                },
                {
                    "Name": "given_name",
                    "Value": "Test"
                },
                {
                    "Name": "middle_name",
                    "Value": "T"
                },
                {
                    "Name": "family_name",
                    "Value": "Testerson"
                },
                {
                    "Name": "email",
                    "Value": "test@example.com"
                }
            ],
            "UserCreateDate": "2021-11-15T15:51:01.512000-07:00",
            "UserLastModifiedDate": "2021-11-15T15:53:06.566000-07:00",
            "Enabled": true,
            "UserStatus": "CONFIRMED"
        }
    ]
}
```

If you have more than a few users, you may need to paginate the results. If this is the case, you'll receive a `NextToken` value in the JSON output:

```json title="NextToken sample value"
{
  "Users": [ ... ],
   "NextToken": "eyJQYWdpbmF0aW9uVG9rZW4iOiBudWxsLCAiYm90b190cnVuY2F0ZV9hbW91bnQiOiAxfQ=="
}
```

Use that value in your next call `list-users` request:

```shell title="Listing users in a pool using pagination"
aws cognito-idp list-users --user-pool-id us-east-2_ud90QwSeF --starting-token eyJQYWdpbmF0aW9uVG9rZW4iOiBudWxsLCAiYm90b190cnVuY2F0ZV9hbW91bnQiOiAxfQ==
```

You'll need to do this until you have all your user data.

You are now ready to transform your data. Use a tool like `jq` or any other programming language to transform the JSON from the Cognito format to the FusionAuth format. In addition to fields you are directly translating, such as from `family_name` to `lastName`, make sure you:

* Ensure every user has a valid email address so they can reset their password.
* Create any registrations for users for existing FusionAuth Applications.
* Configure the users to be part of the test tenant by setting their `tenantId`.
* Set a `user.data` field indicating these users are from a bulk import. That is, set `user.data.importSource` to `"cognito"`.
* Set the password to a random string, such as a UUID. Set the encryption and salt methods to any valid value, because the password will be reset in the last stage of the bulk migration.
* Optionally use the `sub` claim from Cognito as your user Id.
* Ensure that the email address is unique across all users imported to the same tenant.

Here's an example of JSON suitable for import:

<JSON title="Example Import Request JSON" src="users/import-request.json" />

You can put as many as 100,000 users in each FusionAuth import JSON file.

{/* TODO write ruby script to do this. */}

### Import the Users

After you have transformed your data to the format expected by the Import Users API, load the user data. Place all the JSON files in a directory, and update the shell script below with the location of that directory, the FusionAuth instance hostname and the API key you created above. Then you can run this shell script.

```sh title="Example Import Shell Script"
#!/bin/sh

API_KEY=...
JSON_FILE_DIR=...
FA_HOST=...

for file in $JSON_FILE_DIR/*.json; do
  echo "Processing $file";
  RES=`curl --max-time 600 \
       -s -w "%{http_code}" \
       -H "Authorization: $API_KEY" \
       -H "Content-type: application/json" \
       -XPOST \
       $FA_HOST/api/user/import \
       -d@$file`
  if [ "$RES" -ne "200" ]; then
    echo "Error: $RES";
    exit 1;
  fi
done
```

You can also review the [Import scripts repository](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-import-scripts) for other example scripts which process export data in a more robust fashion; the Auth0 import script is a good example. Pull requests to add Cognito compatibility are welcome!

Now that you have all the users imported, you must reset their passwords. Ouch. Don't worry, you can script it.

### Reset Passwords

Users may reset their password using the `Forgot Password` link on the login page, or you can use the API calls documented below to do it.

<Aside type="caution">
This script will send an email to every imported user. Ensure your SMTP server, configured in <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Your Tenant -> Email</Breadcrumb>, is able to handle the volume.
</Aside>

Review the `Change Password` template to ensure the messaging is correct. Here is [more information on modifying the template](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/email-templates-replacement-variables#forgot-password).

Retrieve the `loginId` from the Cognito JSON export files and place it in a single file. The `loginId` will either be the username or the email address. Update the script below to use the API key created in [Set Up FusionAuth For a Bulk Migration](#set-up-fusionauth-for-a-bulk-migration) step.

The script below will call the [forgot password API](/docs/apis/users#start-forgot-password-workflow) for every user. It sleeps periodically to avoid overloading the SMTP server.

```shell title="Example User Password Reset"
#!/bin/bash
API_KEY=...
LOGIN_ID_FILE=...
FA_HOST=...

for loginId in `cat $LOGIN_ID_FILE`; do
  sleep $[( $RANDOM % 10 > 8)] # sleeps 1 second ~10% of the time
  RES=`curl --max-time 600 \
       -s -w "%{http_code}" \
       -H "Authorization: $API_KEY" \
       -H "Content-type: application/json" \
       -XPOST \
       $FA_HOST/api/user/forgot-password \
       -d '{"loginId": "'$loginId'","sendForgotPasswordEmail": true}'`
  if [ "$RES" -ne "200" ]; then
    echo "Error: $RES";
    exit 1;
  fi
done
```

At the end of this process, you have imported the user data and enabled users to reset their passwords to a known value.

### What To Do Next

<WhatNext />

<WhatNextCognito />

### Additional Support

<AdditionalSupport />

# Migrate From Duende IdentityServer

import MappingUserAttributes from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_mapping-user-attributes.mdx';
import SocialLoginNote from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_social-login-note.mdx';
import SocialLoginMigration from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_social-login-migration.mdx';
import OtherEntitiesIntro from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_other-entities-intro.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import SetUpFusionauth from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_set-up-fusionauth.mdx';
import CreateTestTenant from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-test-tenant.mdx';
import CreateTestApplication from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-test-application.mdx';
import CreateApiKeySocial from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-api-key-social.mdx';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import GetScript from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_get-script.mdx';
import VerifyImport from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_verify-import.mdx';
import FinalDestination from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_final-destination.mdx';
import WhatNext from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_what-next.mdx';
import AdditionalSupport from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_additional-support.mdx';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

export const migration_source_name = 'Duende IdentityServer';
export const migration_source_dir = 'duende';
export const script_supports_social_logins = true;
export const add_tenant_image_role = 'bottom-cropped';

This document will help you migrate from Duende IdentityServer to FusionAuth.

This guide assumes you have installed FusionAuth. If you have not, please [view our installation guides](/docs/get-started/download-and-install) and install FusionAuth before you begin. For more general migration information, please view the [FusionAuth migration guide](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users).

There are a number of different ways applications can be integrated with Duende IdentityServer and it would be difficult to cover them all. This guide mentions the typical parts of a bulk migration and focuses on migrating user data from a Duende IdentityServer user database into FusionAuth.

## Planning Considerations

### Obtaining User Data

Duende IdentityServer does not prescribe where you store your user data. You can store it in a database of your choice, in a file, or in a custom data store. How you store your user information will determine how you export it. This guide assumes your Duende IdentityServer installation uses [ASP.NET Identity](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/security/authentication/identity?view=aspnetcore-7.0&tabs=visual-studio) to manage users and passwords stored in a [Microsoft SQL Server](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server/) database. If you are using another custom setup, this guide should still be helpful as a starting point, but you will need to modify the export program to match your setup.

### Mapping User Attributes

<MappingUserAttributes migration_source_name={migration_source_name} />

### Social Logins

<SocialLoginNote migration_source_name={migration_source_name} script_supports_social_logins={script_supports_social_logins} />

<SocialLoginMigration />

### Other Entities

<OtherEntitiesIntro migration_source_name={migration_source_name} other_migrated_entities="connections or roles" />

* In Duende IdentityServer, External Identity Providers are a source of data for users. FusionAuth calls these Identity Providers.
* Login flows with Duende IdentityServer are highly customizable using custom code in your host application. FusionAuth authentication flows can be customized with a feature called [Lambdas](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/).
* Duende IdentityServer has the concept of clients. Clients are sets of credentials and authentication flow settings. FusionAuth refers to these as Applications.
* FusionAuth Tenants are a high-level construct that groups entities such as users and applications together. Duende IdentityServer does not have an equivalent concept. Each Duende IdentityServer deployment is in effect a tenant.
* For Duende IdentityServer, roles can be implemented through connecting to .Net IdentityStore or through custom code. FusionAuth roles are defined on an application-by-application basis.
* Refresh tokens allow JWTs to be refreshed without a user logging in. These can be migrated using the [Import Refresh Tokens API](/docs/apis/users#import-refresh-tokens).
* Since Duende IdentityStore is a framework used to build custom authentication servers, the actual functionality and features of the particular custom server you are migrating from could vary widely. FusionAuth may not have equivalents for these custom features and functionality, and is focused primarily on authentication, authorization and user management. If we don't have what you are looking for, please [file a feature request with details](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/).

<Aside type="note">
In Duende IdentityServer, users have access to all clients on the same server by default.

In FusionAuth, users are explicitly mapped to applications with a [Registration](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/registrations).
</Aside>

#### Identifiers

When creating an object with the FusionAuth API, you can specify the Id. It must be a [UUID](/docs/reference/data-types#uuids).

This works for users, applications, and tenants, among others.

Duende IdentityServer implementations may use any format for an identifier. If you're managing users with ASP.NET, this identifier may be a UUID, which can be imported when you create the user on FusionAuth.

If you have an IdentityServer implementation that does not use a UUID as the user identifier, you can add a new attribute under <InlineField>user.data</InlineField> (such as <InlineField>user.data.originalId</InlineField>) with the value of the Duende IdentityServer identifier. Because everything under <InlineField>user.data</InlineField> is indexed and available via search, you'll be able to find your users using either a new FusionAuth UUID Id or the original Duende IdentityServer identifier.

### Login UI

Duende IdentityServer does not prescribe a particular login UI. Login pages are highly variable across Duende IdentityServer implementations.

FusionAuth's login experience follows two paths. You can choose to build your own login pages or use FusionAuth's hosted login pages. [Read more about these choices](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/integration-points#login-options).

## Exporting Users

Duende IdentityServer provides a package to integrate with [ASP.NET Identity](https://docs.duendesoftware.com/identityserver/v6/aspnet_identity/), which determines the format user information is stored in.

We recommend exporting your user information in JSON format so that you can import the data into FusionAuth using the FusionAuth API. Alternatively, you can create a custom tool to read your user attributes from the Duende IdentityServer database and directly call the [FusionAuth API to create users](/docs/apis/users).

### Create a User File

We've created a sample C# export program to export users from a Duende IdentityServer database to a JSON file. This program assumes you are using [ASP.NET Identity](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/security/authentication/identity?view=aspnetcore-7.0&tabs=visual-studio). You can find the folder with the source code for the export program [here](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-import-scripts/tree/identityserver/duende/identity-server-export).

Clone the repo and open the solution in Visual Studio Code.

Update the <InlineField>connectionString</InlineField> variable in the `Program.cs` file with your database connection information.

The export program assumes that user data is stored in the standard ASP.NET Identity tables, namely `AspNetUsers` and `AspNetUserLogins`. If you are using a different table or have extended the ASP.NET Identity tables, you will need to update the program to select from the correct tables. You can do this by modifying the `SqlCommand` in the `Program.cs` file. You can also modify the mapping of the user information to the `User` export objects in the `Program.cs` file.

The program also assumes that you have used ASP.NET Identity to create the users' password hashes. ASP.NET Identity stores the salt, hash, and iteration in a single Base64-encoded string. There are two versions of hashing used, as you can see in the [ASP.NET Identity source code](https://github.com/dotnet/aspnetcore/blob/v6.0.14/src/Identity/Extensions.Core/src/PasswordHasher.cs).

* V2 - PBKDF2 with HMAC-SHA1, 128-bit salt, 256-bit subkey, 1000 iterations. The format of the Base64-encoded hash string is `{ 0x00, salt, subkey }`. The first byte is a version marker, `0x00` representing V2. The next 128 bits are the salt, and the remaining 256 bits are the subkey or salted password hash. The iteration count is hardcoded to 1000.
* V3 - PBKDF2 with HMAC-SHA256, 128-bit salt, 256-bit subkey, 10000 iterations. The format  of the Base64-encoded hash string is a little more complicated: `{ 0x01, prf (UInt32), iter count (UInt32), salt length (UInt32), salt, subkey }`. The first byte is a version marker, `0x01` representing V3.

The export program will detect which version of hashing is used and parse out the salt, hash, iterations, and algorithm. The exported `users.json` file has a property named <InlineField>encryptionScheme</InlineField>. For V2, the <InlineField>encryptionScheme</InlineField> value will be set to `example-asp-identity-v2`. For V3, the algorithm will be set to `salted-pbkdf2-hmac-sha256`.

The ASP.NET Identity V3 hashing algorithm is [directly supported by FusionAuth](/docs/reference/password-hashes#salted-pbkdf2-hmac-sha-256).

The ASP.NET Identity V2 hashing algorithm is not directly supported by FusionAuth. If you have V2 hashes, you will need to install a custom hashing plugin in FusionAuth. This is covered in detail in the [Add the ASP.NET Identity V2 Hashing Plugin](#add-the-aspnet-identity-v2-hashing-plugin) section further on in this guide.

If you have not used ASP.NET Identity or if you have created your own password hashing algorithm, you will need to update the export program to use this hashing algorithm and create a custom hashing plugin for FusionAuth if necessary. FusionAuth supports [these hashing algorithms](/docs/reference/password-hashes) out of the box, so you can check if your algorithm is already supported.

Once you have customized the export program to your Duende IdentityServer implementation, run it. It will output a `users.json` file in the same directory as the running program, usually the `bin/Debug/net6.0` folder.

Once the export is complete, you should have a JSON file called `users.json` containing user objects that look something like this:

```json
{
  "users": [
    {
      "active": true,
      "birthDate": null,
      "insertInstance": 1680463413000,
      "data": {
        "migrated": true,
        "favoriteColors": "red"
      },
      "email": "richard@example.com",
      "expiry": null,
      "firstName": "",
      "fullName": "",
      "id": "004eba25-8f8a-4571-ac02-d4d618fa0e28",
      "lastLoginInstant": 0,
      "lastName": "",
      "middleName": "",
      "mobilePhone": "",
      "password": "kYvylojznO+rLOZm+Y0r3q52aFrtIwJucApZY8HF/wk=",
      "salt": "dFilBnTpkMaB5NnPGEaBTg==",
      "factor": 10000,
      "encryptionScheme": "salted-pbkdf2-hmac-sha256",
      "passwordChangeRequired": false,
      "passwordLastUpdateInstant": 0,
      "preferredLanguages": [
        "en"
      ],
      "identityProviders": {},
      "timezone": null,
      "twoFactorEnabled": false,
      "username": "alice",
      "verified": true
    }
 ]
}
```

Check the output for any errors and to make sure the data looks correct. If you have any issues, you can modify the export program to output more information about the users being exported.

Also check if there are any <InlineField>encryptionScheme</InlineField> values that are set to  `example-asp-identity-v2`. If there are, you will need to create a custom hashing plugin for FusionAuth. This is covered in detail in the [Add the ASP.NET Identity V2 Hashing Plugin](#add-the-aspnet-identity-v2-hashing-plugin) section further on in this guide.


## Importing Users

Next, import the user data. Here are the steps we need to take.

1. Set Up FusionAuth.
2. Get the Script.
3. Install Needed Gems.
4. Use the Script.
5. Verify the Import.
6. The Final Destination of Imported Users.

### Set Up FusionAuth

<SetUpFusionauth />

#### Create a Test Tenant

<CreateTestTenant migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} migration_source_name={migration_source_name} add_tenant_image_role={add_tenant_image_role} />

#### Create a Test Application

<CreateTestApplication migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} migration_source_name={migration_source_name} />

#### Add an API Key

<CreateApiKeySocial migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

#### Add the ASP.NET Identity V2 Hashing Plugin

Some older IdentityServer systems using ASP.NET Identity may still have password hashes created by the V2 version of the ASP.NET Identity hashing scheme. FusionAuth does not support this scheme directly, but does [support plugins for custom hashing](/docs/extend/code/password-hashes/custom-password-hashing).

FusionAuth has a repository for [community-contributed examples and code](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-contrib). This repo contains a password hash plugin called `ExampleASPIdentityV2PasswordEncryptor`. To extend FusionAuth to support ASP.NET Identity V2 hashes, follow the instructions in the article [writing a plugin](/docs/extend/code/password-hashes/writing-a-plugin) using the plugin in the contributed examples. A quick summary of the steps:

* Clone the [community-contributed examples and code](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-contrib) repository.
* Navigate to the `Password Hashing Plugins` directory.
* Install Java JDK 8 or higher, for example, from [https://jdk.java.net/20/](https://jdk.java.net/20/).
* Install [Maven](https://maven.apache.org/).
* Install [Savant](http://savantbuild.org/).
* Run `mvn install` to test that the plugin builds.
* Run `mvn clean compile package` to create the plugin JAR file.
* Copy the plugin `.jar` file from the `./target` directory to the `plugins` directory of your FusionAuth installation.
** On Linux and macOS, the plugin directory is `/usr/local/fusionauth/plugins`.
** On Windows, the plugin directory is `\fusionauth\plugins`.
* Restart FusionAuth.

After installing the plugin and restarting FusionAuth, you can verify that the plugin is installed by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Your Tenant</Breadcrumb>, then the <Breadcrumb>Password</Breadcrumb> tab. Under the <InlineUIElement>Cryptographic hash settings</InlineUIElement> section, you should see the new hash scheme available in the <InlineUIElement>Scheme</InlineUIElement> dropdown. Only check that the plugin is listed, don't select it or any new user will be created with that hash scheme. Rather than selecting the plugin here, it is specified per user in the `users.json` file.

If the plugin doesn't show up, please review the [plugin troubleshooting steps](/docs/extend/code/password-hashes/writing-a-plugin#troubleshooting).

### Get the Script

<GetScript migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

### Install Needed Gems

The following gems must be available to the import script:

* `date`
* `json`
* `optparse`
* `securerandom`
* `fusionauth_client`

It is likely that all of these will be on your system already, except the `fusionauth_client` gem.

If you have `bundler` installed, run `bundle install` in the `duende` directory. Otherwise, install the needed gems another way.

### Use the Script

You can see the output of the script by running it with the `-h` option:

```sh title="Running the import script with the help command line switch"
ruby ./import.rb -h
```

The output will be similar to this:

```sh title="The help output of the import.rb script"
Usage: import.rb [options]
    -l, --link-social-accounts       Link social accounts, if present, after import. This operation is slower than an import.
    -r APPLICATION_IDS,              A comma separated list of existing applications Ids. All users will be registered for these applications.
        --register-users
    -o, --only-link-social-accounts  Link social accounts with no import.
    -u, --users-file USERS_FILE      The exported JSON user data file from IdentityServer. Defaults to users.json.
    -f FUSIONAUTH_URL,               The location of the FusionAuth instance. Defaults to http://localhost:9011.
        --fusionauth-url
    -k, --fusionauth-api-key API_KEY The FusionAuth API key.
    -t TENANT_ID,                    The FusionAuth tenant id. Required if more than one tenant exists.
        --fusionauth-tenant-id
    -h, --help                       Prints this help.
```

For this script to work correctly, set the following switches, unless the defaults work for you:

* `-u` should point to the location of the user export file you obtained, unless the default works.
* `-f` should point to your FusionAuth instance. If you are testing locally, it will probably be `http://localhost:9011`.
* `-k` should be set to the value of the API key created above.
* `-t` should be set to the Id of the testing tenant created above.

The `-o` and `-l` switches will attempt to create links for any users authenticated via Google or another social identity provider found in the users data file.

If you are loading users with social account authentication, you must create the social identity providers in FusionAuth beforehand or the links will fail. Additionally, creating a link is not currently optimized in the same way that loading a user is. It may make sense to import all the users in one pass (omitting the `-l` switch) and then create the links using the `-o` switch in a second pass, after the users are imported.

<Aside type="note">
The social account linking functionality will only work with FusionAuth version 1.28 or above. The `fusionauth_client` library must be >= 1.28.
</Aside>

When you run the script, you should get an output similar to the following:

```shell title="Import script output"
$ ruby ./import.rb -f http://localhost:9011 -k '...' -t '...' -u users.json
FusionAuth Importer : IdentityServer
 > User file: users.json
 > Call FusionAuth to import users
 > Import success
Duplicate users 0
Import complete. 2 users imported.
```

#### Enhancing the Script

You may want to migrate additional data. Currently, the following attributes are migrated:

* `user_id`
* `email`
* `email_verified`
* `username`
* `insertInstance`
* the password hash and supporting attributes, if available
* `registrations`, if supplied

The migrated user will have the original Duende IdentityServer user Id. If you have additional user attributes to migrate, review and modify the `map_user` method.

You may also want to assign Roles or associate users with Groups by creating the appropriate JSON data structures in the import call. These are documented in the [Import User API docs](/docs/apis/users#import-users). This will require modifying the `import.rb` code.

### Verify the Import

<VerifyImport migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

### The Final Destination of Imported Users

<FinalDestination migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

## What to Do Next

<WhatNext />

## Additional Support

<AdditionalSupport />

# Migrate From Firebase

import AdditionalSupport from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_additional-support.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import CreateApiKeySocial from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-api-key-social.mdx';
import CreateTestApplication from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-test-application.mdx';
import CreateTestTenant from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-test-tenant.mdx';
import FinalDestination from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_final-destination.mdx';
import GetScript from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_get-script.mdx';
import MappingUserAttributes from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_mapping-user-attributes.mdx';
import OtherEntitiesIntro from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_other-entities-intro.mdx';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import SetUpFusionauth from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_set-up-fusionauth.mdx';
import SocialLoginMigration from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_social-login-migration.mdx';
import SocialLoginNote from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_social-login-note.mdx';
import VerifyImport from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_verify-import.mdx';
import WhatNext from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_what-next.mdx';

export const migration_source_name = 'Firebase';
export const migration_source_dir = 'firebase';
export const script_supports_social_logins = true;
export const add_tenant_image_role = 'bottom-cropped';

This document will help you migrate off of Firebase Authentication. If
you are looking to compare FusionAuth and Firebase Authentication, [this document may help](/blog/firebase-and-fusionauth-ciam-comparison).

This guide assumes you have installed FusionAuth. If you have not, please [view our installation guides](/docs/get-started/download-and-install) and install FusionAuth before you begin. For more general migration information, please view the [FusionAuth migration guide](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users).

There are a number of different ways applications can be integrated with
Firebase, and it would be difficult to cover them all. This guide
mentions the typical parts of a bulk migration and focuses on migrating
user data from a Firebase managed user database into FusionAuth.

## Planning Considerations

### Obtaining User Data

You can use the Firebase CLI or API to export user data. This guide uses
the CLI, but if you have a large number of users, or want to build the
migration into your application, the API might be useful.
Firebase also has a [high level export guide worth reviewing](https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/manage-data/export-import).

If you haven't already installed and set up the Firebase CLI, you can
follow the
[guide here](https://firebase.google.com/docs/cli#install-cli-mac-linux)
to do so.


### Mapping User Attributes

<MappingUserAttributes />

### Social Logins

<SocialLoginNote migration_source_name={migration_source_name} script_supports_social_logins={script_supports_social_logins} />


<SocialLoginMigration />

### Other Entities

<OtherEntitiesIntro migration_source_name={migration_source_name} other_migrated_entities="connections or roles" />

* In Firebase, sign-in providers are a source of data for users.
FusionAuth calls these Identity Providers.
* Observers are ways for you to customize authentication
or authorization workflows. FusionAuth has a similar concept called
Lambdas.
* With Firebase, Applications are what your
users can log in to. FusionAuth refers to these as Applications as well.
* Projects are a high level construct which groups entities such as
users and applications together. FusionAuth calls these Tenants.
* For Firebase, Roles can be implemented using a combination of [custom claims and security rules.](https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/admin/custom-claims) FusionAuth has Roles and they are defined on an Application by Application basis.
* Refresh tokens allow JWTs to be refreshed without a user logging in.
These can be migrated using the [Import Refresh Tokens API](/docs/apis/users#import-refresh-tokens).
* Firebase has many other products your applications might be using, from Cloud Firestore for data, Analytics and more. FusionAuth does not have equivalents for these products, and is focused only on authentication. You can use FusionAuth in conjunction with all the other Firebase products.

<Aside type="note">
In FusionAuth, users are explicitly mapped to applications with a [Registration](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/registrations).

In Firebase, users have access to all Firebase Applications in the same project by default. You can control access by using Roles and Security Rules per Application if you need.
</Aside>


#### Identifiers

When creating an object with the FusionAuth API, you can specify the Id. It must be a [UUID](/docs/reference/data-types#uuids).

This works for users, applications, and tenants, among others.

Firebase uses a custom UID format. When migrating, a new UUID will be created for the user on FusionAuth.

If you have external dependencies on an Id stored in Firebase, you can add a new attribute under `user.data` (such as `user.data.originalId`) with the value of the Firebase Id. Because everything under `user.data` is indexed and available via search, you'll be able to find your users using either the new FusionAuth Id, or the original Firebase one.

### Login UI

Firebase has pre-built UIs for web, iOS, Android, etc. called FirebaseUI Auth. You can also choose to build your own login page, and call the Firebase APIs.

FusionAuth’s login experience is similar. You can choose to
build your own login pages or use FusionAuth’s hosted login pages. [Read more about these choices](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/integration-points#login-options).

Once you’ve planned your migration, the next step is to export your user
data from Firebase.

## Exporting Users

To export users with the Firebase CLI, you’ll perform the following steps:

1. Install the Firebase CLI
2. Retrieve the Project Id of the Firebase application you want to export the users from
3. Download the exported file in your chosen format

### Install the Firebase CLI

Navigate to the [Firebase CLI documentation](https://firebase.google.com/docs/cli#install-cli-mac-linux), and install the Firebase CLI to your system.

After installing the CLI, be sure to [login and test](https://firebase.google.com/docs/cli#sign-in-test-cli) that the installation is successful.

### Retrieve the Project Id

Before exporting the users, you'll need the Project Id of the Firebase
project you want to export from. To get this Id, run the following
Firebase CLI command:

```bash
firebase projects:list
```

This will list all your Firebase projects, like this:

*List of Firebase projects*
```
│ Project Display Name │ Project ID   │ Project Number │ Resource Location ID │
├──────────────────────┼──────────────┼────────────────┼──────────────────────┤
│ fusion               │ fusion-bea44 │ 1021914842301  │ [Not specified]
```

Make a note of the Project Id of the Firebase project you want to export
from.

### Download the File

To download the user file, run the following
[Firebase `auth:export` CLI command](https://firebase.google.com/docs/cli/auth):

```bash
firebase auth:export users.json --format=JSON --project your_project_id
```

Replace `your_project_id` with the Project Id you noted above.

After the export finishes, you’ll end up with a JSON file called
`users.json`. It should look something like this:

```json
{"users": [
    {
      "localId": "OzDdXA7LwoR7lX2MH7AXaEmmn5u2",
      "email": "user1@test.com",
      "emailVerified": false,
      "passwordHash": "0fn2PA6FmYZynpk9cvekSgbJTXa7j0XQAwtp4XuyyuIYzX5hASd4mB4GFeaS5OiG9mENrvt+sPoZmwVjvEDZ2Q==",
      "salt": "+mkMRRbwdwqJkA==",
      "createdAt": "1648020042135",
      "disabled": false,
      "providerUserInfo": []
    },
    {
      "localId": "bBd018SFAYa8fkkZdgAz3PEgaKj1",
      "email": "user2@test.com",
      "emailVerified": false,
      "passwordHash": "TFJtUjKMN4dNcp5IuSwaeRkPwjwpkp9ZlqXuL/QHsQ3097QLHnZWccWt2yThLa0Q5rmbuOOXoqzoHBZM8x3GpQ==",
      "salt": "RHQ5jbaxNJ1lDA==",
      "createdAt": "1648020072141",
      "disabled": false,
      "providerUserInfo": []
    }
]}
```

## Importing Users

Next up, import the user data. Here are the steps we need to take.

1. Set Up FusionAuth
2. Add the scrypt Hashing Plugin
3. Get the Script
4. Install Needed Gems
5. Use the Script
6. Verify the Import
7. The Final Destination of Imported Users

### Set Up FusionAuth

<SetUpFusionauth />

#### Create a Test Tenant

<CreateTestTenant migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} migration_source_name={migration_source_name} add_tenant_image_role={add_tenant_image_role} />

#### Create a Test Application

<CreateTestApplication migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} migration_source_name={migration_source_name} />


#### Add an API Key

<CreateApiKeySocial migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

### Add the scrypt Hashing Plugin

Most Firebase projects use a [modified version of the scrypt algorithm](https://github.com/firebase/scrypt) for password hashes. FusionAuth does not support scrypt directly, but does [support plugins for custom hashing](/docs/extend/code/password-hashes/custom-password-hashing).

To extend FusionAuth to support scrypt, follow the instructions for
[cloning, building and installing the plugins example repository](/docs/extend/code/password-hashes/writing-a-plugin). Before building
the project, navigate to the
`src/main/java/com/mycompany/fusionauth/plugins/ExampleFirebaseScryptPasswordEncryptor.java`
file to add in a few scrypt parameters, which we'll get from Firebase.

In Firebase, navigate to the Authentication panel, and click on the three
dots near the *Add User* button. Then select *Password hash
parameters*. This will open a modal with the parameters we need. Make a
note of them.

{/*  image::migration-guide/{migration_source_dir}/firebase-hash-parameters.png[Copying the Firebase hash parameters,width=1200] */}

Now open the
`src/main/java/com/mycompany/fusionauth/plugins/ExampleFirebaseScryptPasswordEncryptor.java`
file. Copy the Firebase parameters from above into the variables under
the `Firebase Scrypt Parameters` comment.


<RemoteCode lang="shell"
            title="Adding the scrypt parameters to the plugin"
            url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-contrib/main/Password%20Hashing%20Plugins/src/main/java/com/mycompany/fusionauth/plugins/ExampleFirebaseScryptPasswordEncryptor.java"
            tags="scryptParameters" />

After you have copied over the parameters, build and install the plugin
project as detailed
[in the plugins guide](/docs/extend/code/password-hashes/writing-a-plugin). You may need to change the test case parameters in the
file
`src/test/java/com/mycompany/fusionauth/plugins/ExampleFirebaseScryptPasswordEncryptorTest.java`
to match a known password, salt and hash from your Firebase
installation.

After installing the plugin, and restarting FusionAuth, navigate to the
Test Tenant you created earlier. Click the *edit* icon. Under the
*Password* tab, find the section *Cryptographic hash settings*. Choose
*example-salted-firebase-scrypt* as the *Scheme*.


<img src={`/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/${migration_source_dir}/set-hash-scheme.png`} alt="Set hash scheme" width="1200" />

If that plugin doesn't show up, please review the [plugin troubleshooting steps](/docs/extend/code/password-hashes/writing-a-plugin#troubleshooting).

### Get the Script

<GetScript migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

### Install Needed Gems

The following gems must be available to the import script:

* `date`
* `json`
* `optparse`
* `securerandom`
* `fusionauth_client`

Most likely all of these will be on your system already, except the
`fusionauth_client` gem.

If you have `bundler` installed, run `bundle install` in the `firebase`
directory. Otherwise install the needed gems in some other way.

### Use the Script

You can see the output of the script by running it with the `-h` option:

Running the import script with the help command line switch

```sh
ruby ./import.rb -h
```

The output will be similar to this:

```sh title="The help output of the import.rb script"
Usage: import.rb [options]
    -l, --link-social-accounts       Link social accounts, if present, after import. This operation is slower than an import.
    -r APPLICATION_IDS,              A comma separated list of existing applications Ids. All users will be registered for these applications.
        --register-users
    -o, --only-link-social-accounts  Link social accounts with no import.
    -u, --users-file USERS_FILE      The exported JSON user data file from Firebase. Defaults to users.json.
    -f FUSIONAUTH_URL,               The location of the FusionAuth instance. Defaults to http://localhost:9011.
        --fusionauth-url
    -k, --fusionauth-api-key API_KEY The FusionAuth API key.
    -t TENANT_ID,                    The FusionAuth tenant id. Required if more than one tenant exists.
        --fusionauth-tenant-id
    -m, --map-firebase-id            Whether to map the Firebase id for normal imported users to the FusionAuth user id.
    -h, --help                       Prints this help.
```

For this script to work correctly, set the following switches, unless the defaults work for you:

* `-u` should point to the location of the user export file you obtained, unless the default works.
* `-f` must point to your FusionAuth instance. If you are testing locally, it will probably be `http://localhost:9011`.
* `-k` needs to be set to the value of the API key created above.
* `-t` should be set to the Id of the testing tenant created above.

The `-o` and `-l` switches will attempt to create links for any social users (where the user authenticated via Google or another social provider) found in the users data file.

If you are loading social users, you must create the social providers in FusionAuth beforehand, or the links will fail. Additionally, creating a link is not currently optimized in the same way that loading users is. So it may make sense to import all the users in one pass (omitting the `-l` switch). Then, after the users are imported, create the links using the `-o` switch in a second pass.

<Aside type="note">
The social account linking functionality will only work with FusionAuth versions above or equal to 1.28. The `fusionauth_client` library must be >= 1.28 as well.
</Aside>

You may or may not want to use the `-m` switch, which takes the Firebase Id for users without a social login and uses the same value for the FusionAuth user Id. If you have external systems reliant on the Firebase user identifier, set this. Doing so ensures imported users have the same Id as they did in Firebase. Otherwise, you can omit this switch.

When you run the script, you’ll see output like:

```shell title="Import script output"
$ ruby ./import.rb -f http://localhost:9011 -k '...' -u user-data.json
FusionAuth Importer : Firebase
 > User file: user-data.json
 > Call FusionAuth to import users
 > Import success
Duplicate users 0
Import complete. 2 users imported.
```

#### Enhancing the Script

You may also want to migrate additional data. Currently, the following
attributes are migrated:

* `user_id`
* `email`
* `email_verified`
* `username`
* `insertInstant`
* the password hash and supporting attributes, if available
* `registrations`, if supplied

The migrated user will have the Firebase project Id and original user Id
stored on the `user.data` object. If you have additional user attributes
to migrate, review and modify the `map_user` method.

You may also want to assign Roles, or associate users with Groups, by
creating the appropriate JSON data structures in the import call. These
are documented in the [Import User API docs](/docs/apis/users#import-users). This will require modifying the `import.rb` code.

### Verify the Import

<VerifyImport migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

### The Final Destination of Imported Users

<FinalDestination migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

## What to Do Next

<WhatNext />

## Additional Support

<AdditionalSupport />

# Migrate From Forgerock

import AdditionalSupport from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_additional-support.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import CreateApiKey from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-api-key.mdx';
import CreateTestApplication from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-test-application.mdx';
import CreateTestTenant from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-test-tenant.mdx';
import FinalDestination from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_final-destination.mdx';
import GetScript from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_get-script.mdx';
import Identifiers from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_identifiers.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import MappingUserAttributes from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_mapping-user-attributes.mdx';
import OtherEntitiesIntro from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_other-entities-intro.mdx';
import PasswordHashNote from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_password-hash-note.mdx';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import SetUpFusionauth from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_set-up-fusionauth.mdx';
import SocialLoginMigration from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_social-login-migration.mdx';
import SocialLoginNote from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_social-login-note.mdx';
import VerifyImport from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_verify-import.mdx';
import WhatNext from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_what-next.mdx';

export const migration_source_name = 'Forgerock';
export const migration_source_dir = 'forgerock';

This document will help you migrate off of {migration_source_name}.

This guide assumes you have installed FusionAuth. If you have not, please [view our installation guides](/docs/get-started/download-and-install) and install FusionAuth before you begin. For more general migration information, please view the [FusionAuth migration guide](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users).

There are a number of different ways applications can be integrated with {migration_source_name}, and it would be difficult to cover them all. This guide mentions the typical parts of a bulk migration and in particular focuses on migrating user data from a {migration_source_name} user database into FusionAuth.

<Aside type="note">
This guide was tested against {migration_source_name} 7.4. You can find the {migration_source_name} Cloud Development Kit [here](https://backstage.forgerock.com/docs/forgeops/7.4/cdk/intro.html).
</Aside>

## Planning Considerations

### Obtaining User Data

You will need API read access to your {migration_source_name} instance. As part of the planning process, gather the credentials that will allow you to run the API queries against this instance.

<Aside type="note">
There are many ways to get data from the {migration_source_name} instances. If you cannot get API access and use something like the ./ldapsearch on the server, you will need to convert the output to similar JSON as output by the API calls.
</Aside>

### Mapping User Attributes

<MappingUserAttributes />

### Social Logins

<SocialLoginNote migration_source_name={migration_source_name} />

<SocialLoginMigration />

### Other Entities

<OtherEntitiesIntro migration_source_name={migration_source_name} other_migrated_entities="identity providers, clients, or keys" />

* In {migration_source_name}, Identity Providers and User Federation allow user data to remain in external systems of record. FusionAuth has similar concepts of [Identity Providers](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/) and [Connectors](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors/).
* Mappers are ways for you to customize authentication or authorization workflows. FusionAuth has a similar concept called [Lambdas](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/).
* With {migration_source_name}, Clients are what your users can log in to. FusionAuth refers to these as [Applications](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications). In both cases, you can use either OAuth/OIDC or SAML to do so.
* Realms are a high level construct which groups other entities such as users and clients together. FusionAuth calls these [Tenants](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenants). FusionAuth supports a multi-tenant configuration by default.
* For {migration_source_name}, [Roles](https://www.keycloak.org/docs/latest/server_admin/#core-concepts-and-terms) provide information about what your users can do in your custom or off the shelf applications. Roles can be associated with other roles. FusionAuth has [Roles](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/roles) and they are defined on an Application by Application basis and cannot be composed.
* Refresh tokens allow JWTs to be refreshed without a user logging in. These can be migrated using the [Import Refresh Tokens API](/docs/apis/users#import-refresh-tokens). {migration_source_name} calls these "Offline Sessions"

#### Identifiers

<Identifiers />

Once you've planned your migration, the next step is to export your user data from {migration_source_name}.

## Exporting Users

To import your users, you'll need their attributes, including their password hashes and other information.

<PasswordHashNote migration_source_name={migration_source_name} />

Here are scripts that will query the needed fields.

### Exporting Using the API

There are many ways to export data from {migration_source_name}. For this example, you will be using the Rest API.

<Aside type="note">
By default, {migration_source_name} has disabled the exporting of the password hash through the Rest API. To enable, select Identity Management Native Console -> Configure -> Managed Object -> User. Find the 'password' field. Select Edit. Then, select the Privacy & Encryption tab. Next, set Private to false. You may wish to re-enable after the export.

If you do not want to set the `Private` switch to false in your environment, you may use the ./ldapsearch method mentioned above or another viable alternative method. The results of that will then have to be merged with the other user information into a `.json` file using the method of your choosing.
</Aside>

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-import-scripts/main/forgerock/forgerock-export.rb"
            lang="ruby"
            title="Forgerock Export Script" />

There are several options that can be set when running the script. To see a list of options available, use the -h switch.

The output of the script will be a `.json` file:

```shell title="Forgerock Export Script Help"
ruby ./forgerock-export.rb -h
```

```shell title="Forgerock Export Script Help Results"
Usage: forgerock-export.rb [options]
    -o, --output-file OUTPUT_FILE    The name and location of the output file to write.
    -b, --base-url BASE_URL          The base url for the Forgerock instance.
    -r, --realm REALM                The Forgerock realm the client belongs to.
    -u, --user-name USER_NAME        The user name of the api user.
    -p USER_PASSWORD,                The password for the api user.
        --user-password
    -c, --client-id CLIENT_ID        The client id of the application to use for the authentication.
    -s, --client-secret              The client secret for the application to use for authentication.
    -h, --help                       Prints this help.
```

```shell title="Generate JSON Export with Forgerock Rest API"
ruby forgerock-export.rb -o "forgerock_user_export.json" -b "https://cdk.example.com/" -r "realms/root/realms/alpha/" -u "postmanAdminUser" -p "Password1234\!" -c "postmanAdminClient" -s "Password1234\!"
```

### Export Result

The result of running the script will be a JSON file that looks like:

```json title="Sample User Export"
{
  "result": [
    {
      "_id": "b8fb2d96-2cfe-492c-924c-fd365bdb8f69",
      "_rev": "afba2c3c-2f7e-4416-8f3f-2de234a3021b-145868",
      "favoriteColor": "red",
      "telephoneNumber": null,
      "mail": "testuser1@example.com",
      "password": "{PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA256}10:NnfLb4gwMj31YdtATz8824xGQrJylmwCNm2LQqy0wixtuWvU+vMKMpZ7mye04Jfp",
      "sn": "User1",
      "givenName": "Test1",
      "userName": "testuser1"
    },
    {
      "_id": "be0d0fb2-1634-4e14-9fe4-5ac8775cf6b0",
      "_rev": "afba2c3c-2f7e-4416-8f3f-2de234a3021b-145875",
      "favoriteColor": "blue",
      "telephoneNumber": null,
      "mail": "testuser2@example.com",
      "password": "{PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA256}10:8c7nLGEIXeZf45YQ92A2MD+v8olvKKl6iWXGQZoluJ/awqZnHwFvslIOx7xOZ9AV",
      "sn": "User2",
      "givenName": "Test2",
      "userName": "testuser2"
    }
  ],
  "resultCount": 2,
  "pagedResultsCookie": null,
  "totalPagedResultsPolicy": "NONE",
  "totalPagedResults": -1,
  "remainingPagedResults": -1
}
```

Now, you can begin the user import process.

## Importing Users

Next up, import the user data. Here are the steps we need to take:

1. Set Up FusionAuth
2. Get the Script
3. Install Needed Gems
4. Use the Script
5. Verify the Import
6. The Final Destination of Imported Users

### Set Up FusionAuth

<SetUpFusionauth />

#### Optionally Install a Hashing Plugin

FusionAuth will work with the {migration_source_name} default PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA256 encryption.

If you have configured {migration_source_name} to use a different hashing algorithm, you may need to [write and install a plugin](/docs/extend/code/password-hashes/writing-a-plugin) using that algorithm. You'll also need to update the `map_hashing_algorithm` method in the `import.rb` script.

#### Create a Test Tenant

<CreateTestTenant migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} migration_source_name={migration_source_name} />


#### Create a Test Application

<CreateTestApplication migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} migration_source_name={migration_source_name} />

#### Add an API Key

<CreateApiKey migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

### Get the Script

<GetScript migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

### Install Needed Gems

The following gems must be available to the import script:

* `date`
* `json`
* `optparse`
* `fusionauth_client`
* `base64`


Most likely all of these will be on your system already, except the `fusionauth_client` gem.

If you have `bundler` installed, run `bundle install` in the {migration_source_dir} directory. Otherwise install the needed gems in some other way.

### Use the Script

```sh title="Running the import script with the help command line switch"
ruby ./import.rb -h
```

```shell title="Import Script Help Results"
Usage: import.rb [options]
    -r APPLICATION_IDS,              A comma separated list of existing applications Ids. All users will be registered for these applications.
        --register-users
    -u, --users-file USERS_FILE      The exported json user data file from Forgerock. Defaults to samplefiles/forgerock-user-export.json.
    -f FUSIONAUTH_URL,               The location of the FusionAuth instance. Defaults to http://localhost:9011.
        --fusionauth-url
    -k, --fusionauth-api-key API_KEY The FusionAuth API key.
    -t TENANT_ID,                    The FusionAuth tenant id. Required if more than one tenant exists.
        --fusionauth-tenant-id
    -m, --map-forgerock-user-id      Whether to map the forgerock user id for normal imported users to the FusionAuth user id.
    -h, --help                       Prints this help.
```

For this script to work correctly, set the following switches, unless the defaults work for you:

* `-u` should point to the location of the user export file you created.
* `-f` must point to your FusionAuth instance. If you are testing locally, it will probably be `http://localhost:9011`.
* `-k` needs to be set to the value of the API key created above.
* `-t` should be set to the Id of the testing tenant created above.

You may or may not want to use the `-m` switch, which takes the {migration_source_name} Id and uses that for the FusionAuth user Id. If you have external systems reliant on the identifier, set this. Doing so ensures imported users have the same Id as they did in {migration_source_name}. Otherwise, you can omit this switch.

When you run the script, you'll see output like:

```shell title="Import script output"
$ ruby ./import.rb -u ./sample-files/forgerock-user-export.json -k 33052c8a-c283-4e96-9d2a-eb1215c69f8f-not-for-prod -t 25c9d123-8a79-4edd-9f76-8dd9c806b0f3
FusionAuth Importer : Forgerock
 > Working Directory: forgerock
 > User file: ./sample-files/forgerock-user-export.json
 > Call FusionAuth to import users
 > Import success
Duplicate users 0
Import complete. 2 users imported.
```

#### Enhancing the Script

You may also want to migrate additional data. Currently, the following attributes are migrated:

* `user_id`
* `email`
* `username`
* `firstName`
* `lastName`
* the password hash and supporting attributes, if available

The migrated user will have the original {migration_source_name} user Id stored on the `user.data` object. If you have additional user attributes to migrate, review and modify the `map_user` method.

You may also want to assign Roles, or associate users with Groups, by creating the appropriate JSON data structures in the import call. These are documented in the [Import User API docs](/docs/apis/users#import-users). This will require modifying the `import.rb` code.

### Verify the Import

<VerifyImport migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

### The Final Destination of Imported Users

<FinalDestination migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

## What to Do Next

<WhatNext />

## Additional Support

<AdditionalSupport />

# Migrate From Frontegg

import AdditionalSupport from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_additional-support.mdx';
import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from '/src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import MakeWebservicePublic from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_make-webservice-public.mdx';
import MappingUserAttributes from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_mapping-user-attributes.mdx';
import OtherEntitiesIntro from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_other-entities-intro.mdx';
import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import SlowMigrationTimeline from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_slow-migration-timeline.mdx';
import SocialLoginMigration from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_social-login-migration.mdx';
import SocialLoginNote from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_social-login-note.mdx';
import WhatNext from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_what-next.mdx';

export const migration_source_name = 'Frontegg';
export const migration_source_dir = 'frontegg';
export const script_supports_social_logins = false;

This document will help you migrate users from Frontegg to FusionAuth.

This guide is a low-level, technical tutorial focusing on calling APIs and preparing data when migrating users from Frontegg. To understand how to plan a migration at a higher level, please read the [FusionAuth migration guide](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users).

## Prerequisites

To follow this tutorial, you need:
- [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en) to run the migration scripts, and npm.
- [FusionAuth](/download). The easiest way to run FusionAuth locally is to use [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/) with the configuration file provided later in this tutorial.

## Planning Considerations

### Obtaining User Data

While the Frontegg platform allows you to export your user data using its API, it does not allow you to export user password hashes. This means you cannot migrate your user passwords into FusionAuth and allow your users to log in if you do a bulk migration. Your users will need to use the FusionAuth forgot password flow to set a new password and log in.

Here is how a bulk migration process might work:
1. Export all user data from the Frontegg API, except password hashes.
2. Convert the user data into FusionAuth-compatible objects and import the data into FusionAuth.
3. Have your users use the forgot password flow to change their passwords.

If you are willing to perform a slow migration, also known as a slow migration, you can allow your users to log in to Frontegg via FusionAuth, and have FusionAuth transparently migrate their data. Slow migrations in FusionAuth use [Connectors](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors), a paid feature.

A slow migration would look like this:
1. Export all user data from the Frontegg API, except password hashes.
2. Configure a FusionAuth Connector to call an intermediary web service whenever a user logs in.
3. Write the intermediary web service that will call Frontegg with the user's credentials and save the password to FusionAuth.
4. Once you have migrated a large enough portion of your users, you can switch off the Connector and cancel your Frontegg subscription.

This tutorial will cover all the bulk and slow migration steps.

### Mapping User Attributes

<MappingUserAttributes migration_source_name={migration_source_name} />

### Social Logins

<SocialLoginNote migration_source_name={migration_source_name} script_supports_social_logins={script_supports_social_logins} />

<SocialLoginMigration />

### Other Entities

<OtherEntitiesIntro migration_source_name={migration_source_name} other_migrated_entities="connections or roles" />

* In Frontegg, a [role](https://docs.frontegg.com/docs/roles-1) is a collection of permissions that can be assigned to a user or application. FusionAuth has [roles](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/roles) that are configured on an application-by-application basis and made available in a token after successful authentication.
* With Frontegg, you can use [groups](https://docs.frontegg.com/docs/groups) to organize a collection of user identities to manage access to applications. FusionAuth also has [Groups](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/groups).
* Frontegg uses [tenants](https://docs.frontegg.com/docs/user-admin-management#tenants) to define sets of users and help you manage users. You can also manage a set of users via a [Tenant](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenants) in FusionAuth.


#### Identifiers

When creating an object with the FusionAuth API, you can specify the Id. It must be a [UUID](/docs/reference/data-types#uuids).

This works for users, applications, and tenants, among others.

### Frontegg User Structure

Frontegg has customers (that's you) called vendors. Each vendor has customers called users, grouped into tenants. Tenants are grouped into environments (such as development, QA, and production). Below is an illustration of an example user structure in Frontegg.

<img src={`/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/${migration_source_dir}/users.png`} alt="Frontegg user structure" width="1200" />

Note that tenants are called accounts in the Frontegg web portal. FusionAuth also uses tenants to group users.

Permissions work slightly differently in the two systems. FusionAuth and Frontegg both group permissions into roles, and assign roles to users. A user then has all the permissions associated with that user's roles.

However, Frontegg also supports assigning permissions directly to a user using features. FusionAuth does not support this. If you have used Frontegg features, you will need to map features to FusionAuth Roles in your migration script. Below is a Frontegg illustration of the platform's permissions structure (which Frontegg calls entitlements).

<img src={`/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/${migration_source_dir}/permissions.png`} alt="Frontegg entitlements" width="1200" />


## Bulk Migration

Be aware that the steps outlined for bulk migrating users from Frontegg will not export password hashes, and users will need to change their passwords using the forgot password flow on FusionAuth.

### Exporting User Data From Frontegg

In this section, you create two sample Frontegg users in the web portal and export them with the API.

If you have existing users, you can use them to follow this migration tutorial. If not, add users as described below.

- Log in to your account at https://portal.frontegg.com.
- Add an environment, like `Development`.
- Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Environments -> Development -> Env settings</Breadcrumb> and note your <InlineUIElement>Client ID</InlineUIElement>, <InlineUIElement>API Key</InlineUIElement>, and <InlineUIElement>Login URL</InlineUIElement>.

<img src={`/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/${migration_source_dir}/env-settings.png`} alt="Frontegg environment settings" width="1200" />

- In the environment's <Breadcrumb>Backoffice -> Accounts</Breadcrumb>, create a new account (tenant) called `a`.
- In <Breadcrumb>Backoffice -> Users</Breadcrumb>, create two new users called `a` and `b` assigned to account `a`. Assign roles for the users. The default roles available are "Admin" and "Read Only". For the user email addresses, you can use most web email addresses with an alias. For instance, if you use Gmail and your address is `myemail@gmail.com`, you can give the two new users the email aliases `myemail+a@gmail.com` and `myemail+b@gmail.com`. Emails sent to the users will come to your inbox.
- For each user, open the hamburger menu on the right and click <InlineField>Edit user & Metadata</InlineField>. Give them some JSON metadata (like `{"country": "france"}`) and save.
- When you receive the welcome emails for these users, verify them by clicking the link.

You're now done working with the Frontegg web portal and have sample user data to test a migration.

### Export The Users With The API

FusionAuth provides export and import scripts under a permissive open-source license. To get the scripts, clone the Git repository.

```sh
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-import-scripts
```

The `frontegg` directory contains all the scripts you need for this tutorial, and `frontegg/exampleData` has the output of the scripts.

Navigate to the `frontegg/src` directory.

```sh
cd fusionauth-import-scripts/frontegg/src
```

Install the required npm dependencies by running the following command.

```sh
npm install
```

Export your users from Frontegg by running the command below. Use the Frontegg client Id and API key you noted in the previous section.

```sh
node 1_exportUsers.mjs yourclientid yourapikey
```

This command will create a `users.json` file in the current `frontegg/src` directory. The `users.json` file should contain user data similar to the data in `exampleData/1_fronteggExport/users.json`.

The `1_exportUsers.mjs` script makes two calls to the Frontegg API:
- `httpClient.get('identity/resources/users/v3')` gets all your users and some basic data on each.
- `httpClient.get('identity/resources/vendor-only/users/v1/' + user.id)` gets comprehensive data for each user, including roles, but not features.

### Create Roles For Your Users

If you look at `exampleData/1_fronteggExport/users.json`, you'll see the users have two roles, `ReadOnly` and `Admin`, in the keys.

```json
       "tenants": [
            {
                "tenantId": "1d378739-a1ac-4a79-9d2f-e7eb53e6dcd7",
                "roles": [
                    {
                        "id": "f4c43bb0-d9ae-4837-8a97-8688abcd8404",
                        "vendorId": "0d0c5e4b-6c5c-4a85-96fc-7c17b31ee36a",
                        "tenantId": null,
                        "key": "ReadOnly",
                        "name": "Read Only",
```

You need to add these role names in your FusionAuth Application. Users will be linked to an application through a registration object, which includes the role. If the users in your exported data have different role names to the ones in the example data, change them in the script `frontegg/src/2_addRoles.mjs`. The role UUIDs are random in this script — you can use any Ids you like, including the ones matching the UUIDs of your roles in Frontegg.

To use this script, you need an instance of FusionAuth running. Start a local instance of FusionAuth running in Docker by running the commands below in a new terminal.

```sh
cd fusionauth-import-scripts/frontegg/fusionAuthDockerFiles
docker compose up
```

FusionAuth will now be running and accessible at `http://localhost:9011`. You can log in to the [FusionAuth admin UI](http://localhost:9011/admin) with `admin@example.com` and `password`. The container is called `fa`.

This configuration makes use of a bootstrapping feature of FusionAuth called [Kickstart](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/kickstart), defined in `fusionauth-import-scripts/frontegg/fusionAuthDockerFiles/kickstart/kickstart.json`. When FusionAuth comes up for the first time, it will look at the `kickstart.json` file and configure FusionAuth to the specified state. In summary, the defined Kickstart sets up an API Key, an admin user to log in with, and a Test application in FusionAuth.

In another terminal, navigate to the `frontegg/src/` directory. Now you can run the role creation script below.

```sh
node 2_addRoles.mjs
```

Now in the [FusionAuth admin interface](http://localhost:9011/admin), if you browse to <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Test</Breadcrumb> and click the <InlineUIElement>Manage Roles</InlineUIElement> button, you can see the roles have been added for your sample Application.

<img src={`/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/${migration_source_dir}/added-roles.png`} alt="Roles added to the import application" width="1200" />

### Prepare Users For Import To FusionAuth

The next script, `3_convertFeUserToFaUser.mjs`, is the most important. It maps the fields of `users.json` to FusionAuth fields. You may wish to alter this script to change which fields are ignored, or where they are mapped.

The script uses `stream-json`, a JSON library that can incrementally read massive files with millions of users. It opens the `users.json` file for reading in the line `new Chain([fs.createReadStream(inputFilename), parser(), new StreamArray(),]);`. For more information, read https://github.com/uhop/stream-json. The `processUsers()` function calls `getFaUserFromUser()` to map the Frontegg user to FusionAuth, and then saves the user to an `faUsers.json` file.

The `getFaUserFromUser()` function does a few things:
- Maps as many matching fields from Frontegg to FusionAuth as possible.
- Creates a random UUID in plain text for the user password. This will require users to create a new password when logging in to your application after migration.
- Stores all Frontegg user details that don't map to FusionAuth in the JSON `data` field. This is where the Frontegg `metadata` field is saved to.
- Adds FusionAuth User Registrations (the link between a FusionAuth User and an Application) to users. You will need to change these Ids to match those of your application when doing a real migration. This section is marked with `TODO`.

Carefully read this function and make sure that the user information you need is imported correctly. If any information is not needed, you can comment out the related lines.

If you are uncertain about what a user attribute in FusionAuth does, read more in the [user guide](/docs/apis/users), as linked in the [general migration guide](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users) recommended earlier.

In a terminal in the `fusionauth-import-scripts/frontegg/src` directory, run the script with the following command.

```sh
node 3_convertFeUserToFaUser.mjs
```

The script will output users ready to import to FusionAuth to the `faUsers.json` file.

### Save The User Details To FusionAuth

Now you'll run the Node.js import script to import the users into FusionAuth.

In a terminal in the `fusionauth-import-scripts/frontegg/src` directory, run the command below.

```sh
node 4_import.mjs
```

This script uses the FusionAuth SDK for Node.js `@fusionauth/typescript-client`. It's used only for a single operation, `fa.importUsers(importRequest)`. For more information, read the [FusionAuth Typescript Client Library](/docs/sdks/typescript) documentation.

The script imports users individually. If this is too slow when running the production migration, wrap the `importUsers()` FusionAuth SDK call in a loop that bundles users in batches of 1000.

### Verify The Import

Log in to the [FusionAuth admin UI](http://localhost:9011/admin) with `admin@example.com` and password `password`. Review the user entries for the test application to ensure the data was correctly imported.

<img src={`/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/${migration_source_dir}/imported-users.png`} alt="List of imported users" width="1200" />

Manage users by clicking on the <InlineUIElement>Manage</InlineUIElement> button (black button) to the right of the user in the list of users. Review the details of the imported user’s profile. In the <InlineUIElement>Source</InlineUIElement> tab, you can see all the user details as a JSON object.

## Slow Migration

This step of the tutorial is optional. In this section, you'll learn how to create a Connector for FusionAuth to import your users' passwords individually as each user logs in.

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

If you don't need to do this, please skip to the [What To Do Next](#what-to-do-next) section below.

### Create A User With A Password

To test the slow migration, you need a user with a password you know. To create a user with a password that you can use to test authentication, alter your login form in the Frontegg web portal as follows:

- Click <InlineUIElement>Go to builder</InlineUIElement> on the sidebar in Frontegg dashboard.

<img src={`/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/${migration_source_dir}/goto-builder.png`} alt="Go to builder in Frontegg" width="1200" />

- Disable all sign-in types on the left, except for <InlineUIElement>Email sign on</InlineUIElement> with <InlineUIElement>Password</InlineUIElement>, which you enable.
- Enable <InlineUIElement>Allow signup</InlineUIElement>.
- Use the <InlineUIElement>Review to Publish</InlineUIElement> button at the top right to review and publish this change.

<img src={`/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/${migration_source_dir}/signup.png`} alt="Customize signup in Frontegg" width="1200" />

Confirm the changes when asked and then publish the changes to your environment.

Get the signup URL for your environment:

- Log in to your account at https://portal.frontegg.com.
- Go to the environment, like <Breadcrumb>Development</Breadcrumb>.
- Go to <Breadcrumb>Environments -> Development -> Env settings</Breadcrumb> and note down the <InlineUIElement>Login URL</InlineUIElement>.

<img src={`/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/${migration_source_dir}/env-settings.png`} alt="Get login URL" width="1200" />

Now visit the signup URL by appending `/account/sign-up` to the login URL to get a URL such as `https://app-xyhd7853hsngq.frontegg.com/oauth/account/sign-up`.

Create a new user with an alias like `myemail+test@gmail.com` and password `password`.

<Aside type="note">
  If you did not go through the steps mentioned earlier in the bulk migration section, get export scripts by going through the steps in the [Export The Users With The API](#export-the-users-with-the-api) and [Create Roles For Your Users](#create-roles-for-your-users) sections. The steps are summarized below.
</Aside>

Export the new user by running the `frontegg/src/1_exportUsers.mjs` script.

```sh
node 1_exportUsers.mjs yourclientid yourapikey
```

If not already created, create roles in FusionAuth by running the `frontegg/src/2_addRoles.mjs` script.

```sh
node 2_addRoles.mjs
```

In the `frontegg/src/3_convertFeUserToFaUser.mjs` script, comment out the following code lines that assign a random password and require a password change.

```javascript
  faUser.password = uuidv4();
  faUser.passwordChangeRequired = true;
  faUser.passwordChangeReason = "Administrative";
```

Map the users in the exported `users.json` file to FusionAuth-compatible objects by running the `3_convertFeUserToFaUser.mjs` script.

```sh
node 3_convertFeUserToFaUser.mjs
```

### Configure A Connector Between FusionAuth And Frontegg

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

Now configure a FusionAuth Connector to point to an intermediary web service between FusionAuth and Frontegg. The web service will expose an API endpoint that can be called from a FusionAuth Connector to retrieve the user's details to be imported to FusionAuth.

<Aside type="note">
For a general overview of Connectors, please see this [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ks-ppMH6WXw).
</Aside>


In your [FusionAuth admin UI](https://localhost:9011), browse to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Connectors</Breadcrumb>.

Click the dropdown button on the top right and select <InlineUIElement>Add Generic connector</InlineUIElement>.

<img src={`/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/${migration_source_dir}/create-connector.png`} alt="Create a Connector in FusionAuth" width="1200" />

Enter the field values below.

- <InlineField>Name:</InlineField> `FronteggConnector`
- <InlineField>Authentication URL:</InlineField> `http://host.docker.internal:6252`. If you are running FusionAuth directly on your machine and not in Docker you can use `http://localhost:6252`.
- Adjust the timeout values to higher values to cater for network latency when the API requests are being made
- Enable <InlineUIElement>Debug enabled</InlineUIElement>

<Aside>
  You may need to update your hosts file to include an entry for `127.0.0.1 host.docker.internal` if it's not already present. On macOS and Linux you can achieve this by running the following command:

  ```
  echo "127.0.0.1 host.docker.internal" | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts
  ```
</Aside>

<img src={`/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/${migration_source_dir}/connector.png`} alt="Connector details in FusionAuth" width="1200" />

<MakeWebservicePublic ngrok_port='6252' />

<Aside type="caution">
  In production, you will want to add some authentication to the web service.
</Aside>

Now browse to <Breadcrumb>Tenants</Breadcrumb> and do the following.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Edit</InlineUIElement> on the default tenant.
- Click the <Breadcrumb>Connectors</Breadcrumb> tab.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Add policy</InlineUIElement>.
- Select `FronteggConnector`.
- Leave <InlineField>Domains</InlineField> with the value `*` to apply this Connector to every user.
- Enable <InlineUIElement>Migrate user</InlineUIElement> so that FusionAuth will no longer use Frontegg for subsequent logins of the same user.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Submit</InlineUIElement>.

<img src={`/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/${migration_source_dir}/connector-policy.png`} alt="Connector policy details in FusionAuth" width="1200" />

Move the `FronteggConnector` policy to the top of the list. Use the arrow buttons to move the policy if necessary. With this configuration, all users are checked against this Connector the first time they are seen. If they log in, they’ll be migrated to the FusionAuth user database.

After configuration, the Connector entry form should look similar to this:

<img src={`/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/${migration_source_dir}/connector-added.png`} alt="Connector policy list in FusionAuth" width="1200" />

Save the changes by clicking the save icon at the top right.


### Build An Authentication Intermediary Web Service

The next step is to write the small service available on port 6252 that forwards the user's login Id and password to Frontegg and returns the user details that will be saved to FusionAuth if the login is successful.

<Aside type='note'>
 Documentation on the inputs and outputs a Connector expects is [here](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors/generic-connector).
</Aside>

The Connector makes a POST request to the URL you specify, and expects a JSON object back containing a `user`.

An example web service is in `frontegg/src/5_connectorService.mjs`.

This file has an Express HTTP POST handler that gets the login Id and password from the request and forwards them to Frontegg by calling the following function.

```js
await isLoginValid(email, request.body.password);
```

A 404 is returned if the credentials are not valid.

If the credentials are valid, the user's details stored in the `faUsers.json` file are returned. Unfortunately, the Frontegg API method `https://docs.frontegg.com/reference/vendoronlyusers_verifyuserpassword` you call in the service does not return a user Id. The search for the user Id is done in the following function.

```js
await getUserDetailsFromFile(email);
```

Run this web service now using the command below.

```sh
node 5_connectorService.mjs yourfronteggclientid yourfronteggapikey
```

### Log In With A Test User

In the FusionAuth admin interface, browse to <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> and click the magnifying glass next to the <InlineUIElement>Test</InlineUIElement> application. Copy the value of the <InlineField>OAuth IdP login URL</InlineField> and open it in an incognito window in your browser (if you don't use an incognito window, you need to log out of the FusionAuth admin session to prevent the active session from interfering with the test). This URL is a login page for the Test application so that you can test the web service and Connector.

<img src={`/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/${migration_source_dir}/login-url.png`} alt="Test application login URL" width="1200" />

Log in with the username and password you entered earlier, such as `myemail+test@gmail.com` and `password`. Your web service should show `Request received` on the console and the login request succeeding.

<Aside type="note">
  After a successful test login, the user will be redirected to a URL like `https://example.com/?code=2aUqU0ZhQCjtz0fnrFL_i7wxhIAh7cTfxAXEIpJE-5w&locale=en&userState=AuthenticatedNotRegistered`.

  This occurs because you haven't set up a web application to handle the authorization code redirect yet. This is an important next step, but it's beyond the scope of this document. Consult the [5-minute setup guide](/docs/get-started/start-here/step-1) for an example of how to do this.
</Aside>

If you log out and log in again with the same user, you'll notice that `Request received` will not show in the web service console. This is because FusionAuth is now using its own authentication service as the original user password has been hashed and saved in the FusionAuth database.

The user has been successfully migrated, and Frontegg is no longer needed for them.

#### Debug The Connector Service

If you encounter errors in this process, try the following:

- View the <Breadcrumb>System Event Logs</Breadcrumb> in the bottom left of the FusionAuth web interface.
- Add `console.log` lines to the `5_connectorService.mjs` file to see where any errors are occurring.
- Adjust the timeout values of the Connector to higher values to cater for network latency between API calls.

### Estimate The Slow Migration Timeline

When using a slow migration, you can estimate how many accounts will be migrated in a given period.

<SlowMigrationTimeline />

After this period, you may want to bulk migrate the rest of the users, or treat them as inactive and not migrate them. Plan to disable the Connector and remove the tenant's Connector policy after the slow migration is complete.

Learn more about [general slow migration considerations](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users#slow-migration-implementation).

## What To Do Next

Check what roles and features are used in Frontegg for your real application and create similar permissions and roles in FusionAuth. Update the sample user conversion script to map the role names from Frontegg to the roles in FusionAuth.

<WhatNext />

## Additional Support

<AdditionalSupport />

# Migrate From Keycloak

import AdditionalSupport from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_additional-support.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import CreateApiKey from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-api-key.mdx';
import CreateTestApplication from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-test-application.mdx';
import CreateTestTenant from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-test-tenant.mdx';
import FinalDestination from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_final-destination.mdx';
import GetScript from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_get-script.mdx';
import Identifiers from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_identifiers.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import MappingUserAttributes from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_mapping-user-attributes.mdx';
import OtherEntitiesIntro from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_other-entities-intro.mdx';
import PasswordHashNote from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_password-hash-note.mdx';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import SetUpFusionauth from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_set-up-fusionauth.mdx';
import SocialLoginMigration from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_social-login-migration.mdx';
import SocialLoginNote from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_social-login-note.mdx';
import VerifyImport from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_verify-import.mdx';
import WhatNext from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_what-next.mdx';

export const migration_source_name = 'Keycloak';
export const migration_source_dir = 'keycloak';

This document will help you migrate from Keycloak to FusionAuth.

If you are looking to compare FusionAuth and Keycloak, [this document may help](/blog/keycloak-fusionauth-comparison).

This guide assumes you have installed FusionAuth. If you have not, please [view our installation guides](/docs/get-started/download-and-install) and install FusionAuth before you begin. For more general migration information, please view the [FusionAuth migration guide](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users).

There are a number of different ways applications can be integrated with Keycloak, and it would be difficult to cover them all. This guide mentions the typical parts of a bulk migration and in particular focuses on migrating user data from a Keycloak user database into FusionAuth.

<Aside type="note">
This guide was tested against Keycloak 15.
</Aside>

## Planning Considerations

### Obtaining User Data

You will need read only database access to your Keycloak database. As part of the planning process, gather the credentials that will allow you to run SQL queries against this database.

You will need read only access to these tables:

* `USER_ENTITY`
* `CREDENTIAL`

You will also need to have a list of realms that you want to move and their names. You can find their names in the administrative user interface:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/keycloak-tenant-screen.png" alt="The Keycloak realm screen." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Make note of each realm name containing users you want to migrate. You may migrate one, many or all realms depending on your requirements and larger migration plan.

### Mapping User Attributes

<MappingUserAttributes />

### Social Logins

<SocialLoginNote migration_source_name={migration_source_name} />

<SocialLoginMigration />

### Other Entities

<OtherEntitiesIntro migration_source_name={migration_source_name} other_migrated_entities="identity providers, clients, or keys" />

* In Keycloak, Identity Providers and User Federation allow user data to remain in external systems of record. FusionAuth has similar concepts of [Identity Providers](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/) and [Connectors](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors/).
* Mappers are ways for you to customize authentication or authorization workflows. FusionAuth has a similar concept called [Lambdas](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/).
* With Keycloak, Clients are what your users can log in to. FusionAuth refers to these as [Applications](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications). In both cases, you can use either OAuth/OIDC or SAML to do so.
* Realms are a high level construct which groups other entities such as users and clients together. FusionAuth calls these [Tenants](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenants). FusionAuth supports a multi-tenant configuration by default.
* For Keycloak, [Roles](https://www.keycloak.org/docs/latest/server_admin/#core-concepts-and-terms) provide information about what your users can do in your custom or off the shelf applications. Roles can be associated with other roles. FusionAuth has [Roles](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/roles) and they are defined on an Application by Application basis and cannot be composed.
* Refresh tokens allow JWTs to be refreshed without a user logging in. These can be migrated using the [Import Refresh Tokens API](/docs/apis/users#import-refresh-tokens). Keycloak calls these "Offline Sessions"

#### Identifiers

<Identifiers />

Once you've planned your migration, the next step is to export your user data from Keycloak.

## Exporting Users

To import your users, you'll need their attributes, including their password hashes and other information. Some of these are stored in JSON fields.

<PasswordHashNote />

Here are SQL scripts that will query the needed fields. Update `RealmID` with the name of the Keycloak realm to export, gathered from the [Obtaining User Data](#obtaining-user-data) step. The scripts are different depending on if you are exporting from MySQL or PostgreSQL.

### Exporting From MySQL

Here's the SQL to export from MySQL.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-import-scripts/main/keycloak/keycloak-export.sql"
            lang="sql"
            title="Keycloak Export MySQL SQL" />

You'll need to run this SQL query in such a way as to get comma separated values (CSV) out of it. Depending on your database, you'll do this differently.

Here's how to generate CSV with MySQL, assuming the SQL above is in `keycloak-export.sql`. You may have to remove the header line from the `out.csv` file.

```shell title="Generate CSV with MySQL"
cat keycloak-export.sql | mysql -u USER -p keycloak| sed 's/\t/,/g' > out.csv
```

### Exporting From PostgreSQL

Here's the SQL to export from PostgreSQL.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-import-scripts/main/keycloak/keycloak-export-postgres.sql"
            lang="sql"
            title="Keycloak Export Postgres SQL" />

Here's how to generate CSV with PostgreSQL, assuming the SQL above is in `keycloak-export-postgres.sql`. You may have to remove the header line from the `out.csv` file.

```shell title="Generate CSV with PostgreSQL"
psql -W -h localhost -p5433 -U USER -d keycloak -c "Copy (`cat keycloak-export-postgres.sql`) To STDOUT With CSV HEADER DELIMITER ',';" > out.csv
```

### Export Result

Whichever database you are exporting from, at the end of the export process you'll have a file that looks like:

```plaintext title="Sample User Export"
FIRST_NAME,LAST_NAME,EMAIL,USERNAME,EMAIL_VERIFIED,ID,PASSWORD,SALT,HASHITERATIONS,ALGORITHM,CREATED_TIMESTAMP,REALM_ID
Test,Example,test@example.com,test,\0,f35a58e2-0247-4c38-aa39-93405e09c677,T6S/56cQy0ahQKohXe61aMOhvFr/PHEPfQbILKMLZKrdfOSo8wc+S6HCYomSJwTgYmdPy2gKh+oQW9UbeCmEwQ==,eYcTxcZhBV+GU9BQRt8Ypw==,27500,pbkdf2-sha256,1634670076567,Test
Test,Example2,test2@example.com,test2,
,1709a278-12a5-4126-9542-02f6809a349e,LjFqvhPuUHJdQvWIwVQfqxjeujAWqG/DVQRFoOv62/cTznl9ob4jwWwY6i1RrwGviu5iNPU5VIp03SxDyetyfw==,jVqbuA9k2Mlo37OWXBMKLw==,27500,pbkdf2-sha256,1634670197972,Test
```

Now, you can begin the user import process.

## Importing Users

Next up, import the user data. Here are the steps we need to take:

1. Set Up FusionAuth
2. Get the Script
3. Install Needed Gems
4. Use the Script
5. Verify the Import
6. The Final Destination of Imported Users

### Set Up FusionAuth

<SetUpFusionauth />

#### Optionally Install A Hashing Plugin

The FusionAuth team has written a Keycloak compatible password hashing plugin. The <InlineField>encryptionScheme</InlineField> for this plugin is `salted-pbkdf2-hmac-sha256-512`. This plugin ships with versions of FusionAuth 1.34 and above. It is called the `Salted PBKDF2 with SHA-256 with 512-bit derived key` plugin.

 If you have a version of FusionAuth below 1.34, the code is [available for download](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-contrib/blob/main/Password%20Hashing%20Plugins/src/main/java/com/mycompany/fusionauth/plugins/ExamplePBDKF2HMACSHA256KeyLength512PasswordHasher.java). If you use this, follow the [plugin installation steps](/docs/extend/code/password-hashes/writing-a-plugin#install-the-plugin).

If you have configured Keycloak to use a different hashing algorithm, you will need to [write and install a plugin](/docs/extend/code/password-hashes/writing-a-plugin) using that algorithm. You'll also need to update the `map_hashing_algorithm` method in the `import.rb` script.

<Aside type="tip">
You may complete the import of all users with passwords, but find afterward that you cannot log in to FusionAuth with a username and password that you are sure are correct. The most likely cause is that the hashing algorithm for the user is incorrect. Check that the algorithm in Keycloak is the same one specified in FusionAuth. If you find `salted-pbkdf2-hmac-sha256-512` doesn't work, try `salted-pbkdf2-hmac-sha256` instead.
</Aside>

#### Create A Test Tenant

<CreateTestTenant migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} migration_source_name={migration_source_name} />


#### Create A Test Application

<CreateTestApplication migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} migration_source_name={migration_source_name} />

#### Add An API Key

<CreateApiKey migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

### Get The Script

<GetScript migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

### Install Needed Gems

The following gems must be available to the import script:

* `date`
* `csv`
* `optargs`
* `fusionauth_client`

Most likely all of these will be on your system already, except the `fusionauth_client` gem.

If you have `bundler` installed, run `bundle install` in the `keycloak` directory. Otherwise install the needed gems in some other way.

### Use The Script

You can see the output of the script by running it with the `-h` option:

```sh title="Running the import script with the help command line switch"
ruby ./import.rb -h
```

The output will be similar to this:

```sh title="The help output of the import.rb script"
Usage: import.rb [options]
    -r APPLICATION_IDS,              A comma separated list of existing applications Ids. All users will be registered for these applications.
        --register-users
    -u, --users-file USERS_FILE      The exported CSV user data file from Keycloak. Defaults to out.csv.
    -f FUSIONAUTH_URL,               The location of the FusionAuth instance. Defaults to http://localhost:9011.
        --fusionauth-url
    -k, --fusionauth-api-key API_KEY The FusionAuth API key.
    -t TENANT_ID,                    The FusionAuth tenant id. Required if more than one tenant exists.
        --fusionauth-tenant-id
    -m, --map-keycloak-user-id       Whether to map the keycloak user id for normal imported users to the FusionAuth user id.
    -h, --help                       Prints this help.
```

For this script to work correctly, set the following switches, unless the defaults work for you:

* `-u` should point to the location of the user export file you created.
* `-f` must point to your FusionAuth instance. If you are testing locally, it will probably be `http://localhost:9011`.
* `-k` needs to be set to the value of the API key created above.
* `-t` should be set to the Id of the testing tenant created above.

You may or may not want to use the `-m` switch, which takes the Keycloak Id and uses that for the FusionAuth user Id. If you have external systems reliant on the identifier, set this. Doing so ensures imported users have the same Id as they did in Keycloak. Otherwise, you can omit this switch.

When you run the script, you'll see output like:

```shell title="Import script output"
$ ruby ./import.rb -f http://localhost:9011 -k '...' -u out.csv
FusionAuth Importer : Keycloak
 > User file: out.csv
 > Call FusionAuth to import users
 > Import success
Duplicate users 0
Import complete. 2 users imported.
```

#### Enhance The Script

You may also want to migrate additional data. Currently, the following attributes are migrated:

* `user_id`
* `email`
* `email_verified`
* `username`
* `firstName`
* `lastName`
* `insertInstant`
* the password hash and supporting attributes, if available
* `registrations`, if supplied

The migrated user will have the Keycloak tenant Id and original user Id stored on the `user.data` object. If you have additional user attributes to migrate, review and modify the `map_user` method.

You may also want to assign Roles, or associate users with Groups, by creating the appropriate JSON data structures in the import call. These are documented in the [Import User API docs](/docs/apis/users#import-users). This will require modifying the `import.rb` code.

### Verify The Import

<VerifyImport migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

### The Final Destination of Imported Users

<FinalDestination migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

## What To Do Next

<WhatNext />

## Additional Support

<AdditionalSupport />

# Migrate From Ping Identity

import AdditionalSupport from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_additional-support.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import CreateApiKeySocial from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-api-key-social.mdx';
import CreateTestApplication from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-test-application.mdx';
import CreateTestTenant from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-test-tenant.mdx';
import FinalDestination from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_final-destination.mdx';
import GetScript from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_get-script.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import MappingUserAttributes from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_mapping-user-attributes.mdx';
import OtherEntitiesIntro from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_other-entities-intro.mdx';
import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import SetUpFusionauth from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_set-up-fusionauth.mdx';
import SlowMigrationTimeline from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_slow-migration-timeline.mdx';
import SocialLoginMigration from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_social-login-migration.mdx';
import SocialLoginNote from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_social-login-note.mdx';
import WhatNext from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_what-next.mdx';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';

export const migration_source_name = 'Ping Identity';
export const migration_source_dir = 'pingidentity';
export const script_supports_social_logins = true;
export const add_tenant_image_role = 'bottom-cropped';
export const codeRoot = 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-import-scripts/main'

This document will help you migrate your users from Ping Identity to FusionAuth.

There are a number of different ways applications can be integrated with Ping Identity, and it would be difficult to cover them all. This guide focuses on migrating user data, including profile data and passwords. However, Ping Identity does not allow for password hash export. Therefore, you must perform a slow migration if you don’t want to force users to reset their passwords.

Alternatively, you can do a bulk migration and force everyone to reset their passwords. This option is discussed below, but the primary focus of this guide is enabling you to migrate your users from Ping Identity without requiring any password resets.

## Prerequisites

This guide assumes you already have FusionAuth installed. If not, please [view our installation guides](/docs/get-started/download-and-install) and install FusionAuth before you begin. For more general migration information, please view the [general migration guide](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users).

## Planning Considerations

### Slow Migration Or Bulk Migration

To preserve your users' passwords, you need to perform a slow migration. Users log in to FusionAuth with their Ping Identity credentials, and FusionAuth transparently migrates their data. Slow migrations in FusionAuth use [Connectors](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors), a paid feature.

If, on the other hand, resetting user passwords is acceptable, a [Bulk Migration](#bulk-migration) can work for you. Review that section for more details on the required steps. You may also perform a bulk migration after a slow migration has run for a while. Active users can be transparently migrated and infrequent users may not mind resetting their password.

You can learn more about the types of migrations that FusionAuth supports [here](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/#migration-types).

### Mapping User Attributes

<MappingUserAttributes migration_source_name={migration_source_name} />

### One Tenant Or Many

The [Ping Identity platform](https://docs.pingidentity.com/r/en-us/pingone/p1_c_introduction) uses an organization-based model to define tenant accounts and their related entities. The organization is the top-level identifier. It defines your entire enterprise within the platform.

FusionAuth has the concept of [Tenants](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenants). Both FusionAuth Tenants and Ping Identity organizations include data about users, applications, and other configuration.

Each tenant in FusionAuth is a distinct user space. You may choose to merge multiple Ping Identity organizations into one FusionAuth Tenant or keep them separate.

Learn more about [FusionAuth Tenants](/docs/extend/examples/multi-tenant).

### Identity Providers

With Ping Identity, you can use the PingOne user directory or an [external identity provider (IdP)](https://docs.pingidentity.com/r/en-us/pingone/p1_c_identityproviders). Using an external IdP allows linked users to authenticate using the credentials provided by the external IdP. An external IdP includes mapping PingOne user attributes to attributes from the IdP. With FusionAuth, these are also called [Identity Providers](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/).

Review the supported FusionAuth [Identity Providers](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/) to ensure any you need are supported. At this time, while there is considerable overlap between the supported identity providers, there are a number of differences.

If not supported explicitly, a provider may work with an OIDC or SAML connection. Otherwise, please open a [feature request](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-issues/).

<Aside type="note">
  Importing Ping Identity users stored in an external identity provider is more straightforward because you can use the Import API; you don't have to perform a slow migration. Many of the steps in [Bulk Migration](#bulk-migration) will apply.
</Aside>

To retrieve the user information, use the approach documented in the [Export User Data From Ping Identity](#export-user-data-from-ping-identity) section.

<SocialLoginNote migration_source_name={migration_source_name} script_supports_social_logins={script_supports_social_logins} />

<SocialLoginMigration />

### Other Entities

<OtherEntitiesIntro migration_source_name={migration_source_name} other_migrated_entities="app clients or password policies" />

* Ping Identity uses [DaVinci](https://docs.pingidentity.com/r/en-us/davinci/davinci_landing_page), an orchestration platform that lets you create flows using connections and logical operators. These flows guide users through defined processes that can present customized pages, modify values, or perform other actions. In FusionAuth, [Applications](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications) are a similar construct, but users are associated with them through [Registrations](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/registrations).
* Ping Identity uses [Flows in DaVinci](https://docs.pingidentity.com/r/en-us/davinci/davinci_flows). A flow is a user journey, such as registration or authentication, built from a set of capabilities and logical operators. FusionAuth has a similar concept called [Lambdas](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/). FusionAuth also has [webhooks](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/) fired at certain points in the user lifecycle; in certain configurations, they can also stop a particular authentication flow.
* In Ping Identity a [role](https://docs.pingidentity.com/r/en-us/pingone/p1_c_roles) is a collection of permissions that can be assigned to a user, application, or connection. FusionAuth has [roles](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/roles) that are configured on an application-by-application basis and made available in a token after successful authentication.
* Ping Identity allows using [groups](https://docs.pingidentity.com/r/en-us/pingone/p1_c_groups) to organize a collection of user identities to manage access to applications. FusionAuth also has [groups](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/groups).
* Ping Identity makes use of [populations](https://docs.pingidentity.com/r/en-us/pingone/p1_c_populations). A population defines a set of users and can help you make user management simple. In FusionAuth, you can manage a set of users via a [Tenant](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenants).
* Ping Identity sends emails on your behalf, such as forgotten password notifications. FusionAuth also sends emails, and [the templates are customizable](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/).
* Ping Identity supports Client Credentials grant. FusionAuth offers a constrained version of this using [Entity Management](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/entity-management); this is available in all paid plans.
* Ping Identity allows for custom attributes, but they must be configured at the Directory level. In FusionAuth, as mentioned above, custom user attributes are stored on the `user.data` field and are dynamic, searchable, and unlimited in size. Any valid JSON value may be stored in this field.
* Ping Identity supports multi-factor authentication (MFA). FusionAuth also [supports MFA](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/multi-factor-authentication), which may be enabled for a tenant and configured for a user at any time.

<Aside type="note">
  In FusionAuth, users are explicitly mapped to applications with a [Registration](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/registrations).
  In Ping Identity:
  * Users get assigned to a directory in the environment as part of an organization.
  * These users then by default get access to the applications defined in this environment, but access might be dependent on certain roles.
</Aside>

#### Differences

In addition to the different names for common functionality outlined above in [Other Entities](#other-entities), there are some fundamental differences between FusionAuth and Ping Identity. If your application relies on Ping Identity-specific functionality, please review this section carefully.

* Ping Identity has certain [pricing limitations](https://www.pingidentity.com/en/company/contact-sales.html), like number of users. FusionAuth has no user limit. Instead, you are limited by the resources provided to a FusionAuth instance, such as memory, CPU, and database capacity.

Once you've planned the migration of other entities, the next step is to set up FusionAuth to connect to Ping Identity to import users during login.

### Login UI

Ping Identity allows custom [branding and theming](https://docs.pingidentity.com/r/en-us/pingone/p1_c_branding_themes) on the UI. Login pages are highly variable across Ping Identity instances. This is beyond the scope of this document.

The FusionAuth login experience follows two paths: You can choose to build your own login pages or use the FusionAuth-hosted login pages. [Read more about these choices](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/integration-points#login-options).

## Importing Users

Because you are implementing a slow migration, it will take place over time. But you can set up a test environment to confirm it will work before deploying to production.

Here are the steps you need to take to import the user data.

1. Set up FusionAuth.
2. Set up Ping Identity to export users.
3. Configure endpoints.
4. Set up authentication logic.
5. Set up the connector.
6. Log in as a test user.
7. Verify the import.
8. Migrate everything else.

### Set Up FusionAuth

<SetUpFusionauth />

#### Create A Test Tenant

<CreateTestTenant migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} migration_source_name={migration_source_name} add_tenant_image_role={add_tenant_image_role} />

#### Create A Test Application

<CreateTestApplication migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} migration_source_name={migration_source_name} />

### Set Up Ping Identity To Export Users

There are two main components you need to set up to enable a slow migration from Ping Identity.

- A publicly available API endpoint that can be called from a FusionAuth Connector.
- A Ping Identity authentication "stub" to retrieve the user's details to be imported to FusionAuth.

#### Set Up An API Endpoint

You have a few options for setting up an API endpoint.

- Using Microsoft Azure, you can create an [HTTP trigger](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-functions/functions-bindings-http-webhook-trigger?tabs=python-v2%2Cisolated-process%2Cnodejs-v4%2Cfunctionsv2) on an Azure function app.
- You can use an [API gateway](https://aws.amazon.com/api-gateway/) on AWS.
- You can create a self-hosted endpoint locally and make it public using a service like [ngrok](https://ngrok.com/).

This guide will show you how to create an ngrok endpoint that will use a Flask API to validate user credentials from FusionAuth login requests and retrieve the user's Ping Identity profile from the PingOne API.

<Aside type="note">
  ngrok can be downloaded at https://ngrok.com. There are free and paid plans available. This guide uses a free plan.

  Follow this [quickstart to get ngrok up and running](https://ngrok.com/docs/getting-started/).
</Aside>

When ngrok is installed, start it with this command.

```sh
ngrok http 5001
```

Take note of the URL ngrok prints to your terminal, as you will need it later. It should look something like `https://random-ngrok-string.ngrok-free.app`.

#### Set Up A Ping Identity Stub To Authenticate Users

There are several ways you can set up a Ping Identity authentication stub.

- With Microsoft Azure, you can use a [Microsoft Azure function app](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-functions/functions-overview).
- You can use an AWS [Lambda function](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/welcome.html).
- You can create a Flask app that exposes an endpoint used with ngrok and configured as a Connector on FusionAuth.

This guide will show you how to use Flask and ngrok.

The authentication stub accepts a login request from FusionAuth over TLS and performs an [ROPC login](https://docs.pingidentity.com/r/en-us/developer/kwc1601508084434) request on Ping Identity, returning the relevant user data via the PingOne API.

#### Add The PingOne Authorize Service To Your Environment

To connect to the Ping Identity API, add the PingOne Authorize service to your environment and then create a [worker application](https://docs.pingidentity.com/r/en-us/pingone/p1az_adding_worker_app) in the environment. To add the PingOne Authorize service to your environment, go to <Breadcrumb>Overview -> Services</Breadcrumb> and click the <InlineUIElement>+</InlineUIElement> button. Click <InlineUIElement>+ Add</InlineUIElement> next to PingOne Authorize service to add the service.

![Add PingOne Authorize service to environment.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/pingidentity/authorise_service.png)

#### Add A Worker Application For The PingOne Authorize Service

After setting up the PingOne Authorize service in your environment, add a worker application to enable dynamic authorization of API actions for the service. Under <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Applications</Breadcrumb> click the <InlineUIElement>+</InlineUIElement> button to create a new application. Set the <InlineField>Application Name</InlineField> and select the "Worker" application type. Save the application.

![Add worker application to environment.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/pingidentity/add_worker.png)

After saving, enable the application by clicking the toggle button (top right) next to the application name. Give the worker application sufficient permissions to access your user data by assigning the necessary roles, for example, the "Identity Data Admin" role for your environment.

![Add roles to worker application.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/pingidentity/add_roles.png)

Generate an access token in the Configuration tab by clicking the <InlineUIElement>Get Access Token</InlineUIElement> and take note of it to use in the Flask application you will create shortly.

![Get access token.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/pingidentity/get_access_token.png)

On the Overview tab of the application take note of the <InlineField>Environment ID</InlineField>.

#### Add An OIDC Application In Your Ping Environment

Create an [OIDC application](https://docs.pingidentity.com/r/en-us/pingfederate-pingone-mfa-ik/pingfederate_pingone_mfa_ik_creating_a_web_or_native_application_in_pingone) in your Ping Environment to call from the Flask app. Under <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Applications</Breadcrumb> click the <InlineUIElement>+</InlineUIElement> button to create a new application. Set the <InlineField>Application Name</InlineField> and select the "OIDC Web App" application type. Save the application. After saving, enable the application by clicking the toggle button (top right) next to the application name.

On the Configuration tab click the pencil edit button to edit the configuration details of the application.

- Select "Code" as the <InlineField>Response Type</InlineField>.
- Select "Authorization Code" as the <InlineField>Grant Type</InlineField>.
- Set `https://www.google.com` for the <InlineField>Redirect URIs</InlineField>
- Take note of the Client Id of the application to use in the Flask app and save the configuration.

![OIDC application configuration](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/pingidentity/oidc_edit_config.png)

<Aside type="caution">
  FusionAuth Connectors will send user credentials to Ping Identity via a Python Flask app for demonstration purposes. In production migrations, it is important to secure both the data in transit and the various endpoints that form part of the solution.

  In this guide, all communication is over TLS, and the Python Flask app can use a unique query string code for security purposes. Regardless of the migration implementation you choose, security in production migrations should be the highest priority and proper review and planning regarding this should be done.

  Ping Identity also uses an access token that needs certain administrative permissions to perform the functions needed. Please bear in mind that the access token may expire and need to be renewed.
</Aside>

### Set Up Authentication Logic

<Aside type="note">
  This section relies on Python being available on your system. Python can be downloaded from  https://www.python.org/downloads/.
</Aside>

Create a directory to set up the Flask application.

```sh
mkdir authenticator_app && cd authenticator_app
```

Set up a virtual environment in the `authenticator_app` directory by running the following command.

```sh
python -m venv venv
```

Activate the virtual environment with the command.

```sh
source venv/bin/activate
```

Install requirements for the Flask application in the virtual environment with the following command.

```sh
pip install requests flask
```

Create a `pingIdentityAuth.py` file and add the Flask authenticator code below to it. Modify the example function code provided as needed and remember to update the domains (for example, `apiPath`) to match the region where the Ping Identity data is hosted.

The following fields need to be populated from your environment:

* `envID`: The Id of the environment the user data will be exported from.
* `appId`: The Client Id of the OIDC application.
* `access_token`: The access token you generated when you created the worker application in Ping Identity.

<RemoteCode lang="python" url={codeRoot + "/pingidentity/export/slowmigration/pingIdentityAuth.py"} />

This code receives a login request from FusionAuth, attempts to log the user in via ROPC, and then returns a FusionAuth user object on success.

Following successful authentication, the function calls the [PingOne API `users` endpoint](https://apidocs.pingidentity.com/pingone/main/v1/api/#getting-started-with-the-pingone-apis) to get additional user attributes, which are then transformed into a FusionAuth-compatible format.

Now run the application.

```sh
python pingIdentityAuth.py
```

#### Testing The Deployed API

The `transform_json_user` function converts the JSON returned from Ping Identity to the format FusionAuth requires.

Modify the `transform_json_user` function to match the user properties you want to import. The exact implementation depends on the custom attributes and business logic you used in Ping Identity. You could, for example, give users certain FusionAuth roles, register them for more than one application, or add them to a previously created FusionAuth group.

<Aside type="note">
  Please note that the FusionAuth connector will require a URL like the following in its configuration: `https://random-ngrok-string.ngrok-free.app/api/RopcProxy?code=s0ndU863xdbXsFO4dLZAJQXLzyTU789iaUJ43uLAtIkXm_AzFuFWP1zg==`. This is the URL exposed by ngrok and the Flask API. The code value in this example is just an arbitrary value representing the security token value you noted earlier.
</Aside>

Test the deployed API with the command below. Remember to use the credentials for your own Ping Identity test user.

```sh
curl -X POST 'https://random-ngrok-string.ngrok-free.app/api/RopcProxy?code=s0ndU863xdbXsFO4dLZAJQXLzyTU789iaUJ43uLAtIkXm_AzFuFWP1zg=='  \
  -H 'Content-type: application/json' \
  -d '{
    "loginId": "Richard",
    "password": "password"
  }'
```

If the authorization header or account credentials are incorrect, you will receive a 404 HTTP status code containing a message in the body. You can view the status code by running `curl` with the `-v` switch.

Otherwise, the following will be returned.

```json title="Sample User Data Response from Ping Identity"
  {
    "_links": {
    "self": {
    "href": "https://api.pingone.com/v1/environments/de6b5f05-a95b-4ada-85bb-d8892700d1a0/users/cffa5359-aa0a-4d4c-8a1c-4cc18a36a529"
  },
    "environment": {
    "href": "https://api.pingone.com/v1/environments/de6b5f05-a95b-4ada-85bb-d8892700d1a0"
  },
    "population": {
    "href": "https://api.pingone.com/v1/environments/de6b5f05-a95b-4ada-85bb-d8892700d1a0/populations/fbfccbc2-f853-4539-a2f1-c4210d155c51"
  },
    "devices": {
    "href": "https://api.pingone.com/v1/environments/de6b5f05-a95b-4ada-85bb-d8892700d1a0/users/cffa5359-aa0a-4d4c-8a1c-4cc18a36a529/devices"
  },
    "roleAssignments": {
    "href": "https://api.pingone.com/v1/environments/de6b5f05-a95b-4ada-85bb-d8892700d1a0/users/cffa5359-aa0a-4d4c-8a1c-4cc18a36a529/roleAssignments"
  },
    "password": {
    "href": "https://api.pingone.com/v1/environments/de6b5f05-a95b-4ada-85bb-d8892700d1a0/users/cffa5359-aa0a-4d4c-8a1c-4cc18a36a529/password"
  },
    "password.reset": {
    "href": "https://api.pingone.com/v1/environments/de6b5f05-a95b-4ada-85bb-d8892700d1a0/users/cffa5359-aa0a-4d4c-8a1c-4cc18a36a529/password"
  },
    "password.set": {
    "href": "https://api.pingone.com/v1/environments/de6b5f05-a95b-4ada-85bb-d8892700d1a0/users/cffa5359-aa0a-4d4c-8a1c-4cc18a36a529/password"
  },
    "password.check": {
    "href": "https://api.pingone.com/v1/environments/de6b5f05-a95b-4ada-85bb-d8892700d1a0/users/cffa5359-aa0a-4d4c-8a1c-4cc18a36a529/password"
  },
    "password.recover": {
    "href": "https://api.pingone.com/v1/environments/de6b5f05-a95b-4ada-85bb-d8892700d1a0/users/cffa5359-aa0a-4d4c-8a1c-4cc18a36a529/password"
  },
    "linkedAccounts": {
    "href": "https://api.pingone.com/v1/environments/de6b5f05-a95b-4ada-85bb-d8892700d1a0/users/cffa5359-aa0a-4d4c-8a1c-4cc18a36a529/linkedAccounts"
  },
    "account.sendVerificationCode": {
    "href": "https://api.pingone.com/v1/environments/de6b5f05-a95b-4ada-85bb-d8892700d1a0/users/cffa5359-aa0a-4d4c-8a1c-4cc18a36a529"
  },
    "memberOfGroups": {
    "href": "https://api.pingone.com/v1/environments/de6b5f05-a95b-4ada-85bb-d8892700d1a0/users/cffa5359-aa0a-4d4c-8a1c-4cc18a36a529/memberOfGroups"
  }
  },
    "_embedded": {
    "population": {
    "_links": {
    "self": {
    "href": "https://api.pingone.com/v1/environments/de6b5f05-a95b-4ada-85bb-d8892700d1a0/populations/fbfccbc2-f853-4539-a2f1-c4210d155c51"
  },
    "environment": {
    "href": "https://api.pingone.com/v1/environments/de6b5f05-a95b-4ada-85bb-d8892700d1a0"
  }
  },
    "id": "fbfccbc2-f853-4539-a2f1-c4210d155c51"
  }
  },
    "id": "cffa5359-aa0a-4d4c-8a1c-4cc18a36a529",
    "environment": {
    "id": "de6b5f05-a95b-4ada-85bb-d8892700d1a0"
  },
    "account": {
    "canAuthenticate": true,
    "status": "OK"
  },
    "createdAt": "2024-02-18T07:00:18.420Z",
    "email": "richard.hendricks@piedpiper.com",
    "enabled": true,
    "identityProvider": {
    "type": "PING_ONE"
  },
    "lastSignOn": {
    "at": "2024-02-18T19:17:47.061Z",
    "remoteIp": "105.214.52.47"
  },
    "lifecycle": {
    "status": "ACCOUNT_OK"
  },
    "mfaEnabled": false,
    "name": {
    "given": "Richard",
    "family": "Hendricks"
  },
    "population": {
    "id": "fbfccbc2-f853-4539-a2f1-c4210d155c51"
  },
    "updatedAt": "2024-02-18T19:17:47.086Z",
    "username": "Richard",
    "verifyStatus": "NOT_INITIATED"
  }
```

The `transform_json_user` function will transform the returned JSON into FusionAuth-compatible JSON, which looks something like the following.

```json title="Sample Successful Login JSON"
{
  "user": {
    "active": true,
    "birthDate": null,
    "data": {
      "migrated": true
    },
    "email": "richard.hendricks@piedpiper.com",
    "expiry": null,
    "firstName": "Richard",
    "fullName": "",
    "id": "cffa5359-aa0a-4d4c-8a1c-4cc18a36a529",
    "lastLoginInstant": 0,
    "lastName": "Hendricks",
    "middleName": "",
    "passwordChangeRequired": false,
    "passwordLastUpdateInstant": 0,
    "preferredLanguages": [
    "en"
    ],
    "timezone": null,
    "username": "Richard",
    "verified": false
  }
}
```

<Aside type="note">
  Once you have updated the custom function logic, it's time to configure the Connector in FusionAuth. If you are migrating from Ping Identity using the AWS or Microsoft Azure approach, you'll now deploy the Lambda function or Microsoft Azure function app.
</Aside>

### Set Up The Connector

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

Now you'll set up a Connector to use the ngrok Flask API you created. Connectors are a feature limited to paid plans of FusionAuth, so ensure you have a valid Reactor license. Learn more about [activating Reactor](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/licensing).

Log in to the FusionAuth administrative user interface.

#### Configure A Connector

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Connectors</Breadcrumb>, click the <InlineUIElement>dropdown</InlineUIElement> button, and select <InlineUIElement>Add Generic connector</InlineUIElement> button on the top right.
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

![Navigate to Settings, Connectors, and click Add Generic connector.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/pingidentity/create-connector.png)

Configure the Connector:

* Give the Connector a name like `PingIdentityConnector`.
* Set the <InlineField>Authentication URL</InlineField> to the value of the URL endpoint created above, for example, https://random-ngrok-string.ngrok-free.app/api/RopcProxy?code=s0ndU863xdbXsFO4dLZAJQXLzyTU789iaUJ43uLAtIkXm_AzFuFWP1zg==.
* Don't set any headers, as you might need a code passed into your functions in the query string.
* Adjust the timeout values to higher values to cater for network latency when the API requests are being made.

![Configuring a Generic Connector.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/pingidentity/configure-connector.png)

Save the Connector.

Note that if you have problems with the Connector, you can enable <InlineField>Debug enabled</InlineField> to have errors or warnings logged in the FusionAuth system event log.

#### Configure The Tenant

Now you'll configure the tenant to use the Connector.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Ping Identity import tenant -> Edit -> Connectors</Breadcrumb>.

Click the <InlineUIElement>Add policy</InlineUIElement> button to set up a new Connector policy.

![Connector policies for this Tenant.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/pingidentity/connector-policies.png)

Set the <InlineField>Connector</InlineField> field value to the name of the Connector you created. Make sure that the <InlineField>Migrate user</InlineField> field is enabled. You can leave the <InlineField>Domains</InlineField> field with the value of `*`, which will apply this Connector to every user. Submit the policy.

Ensure the new Connector Policy is at the top of the list of policies. Use the arrow buttons to move the policy if necessary. With this configuration, all users are checked against this Connector the first time they are seen. If they log in, they'll be migrated to the FusionAuth user database.

After configuration, the Connector entry form should look similar to this:

![Ping Identity Connector policy added and in list](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/pingidentity/added-connector-policies.png)

Save the changes.

### Log In As A Test User

To test that users will be migrated, log in as a test user via the FusionAuth interface with a valid user from your Ping Identity instance.

You'll need the <InlineField>OAuth IdP login URL</InlineField> you recorded when you set up the test application.

![Finding the login URL.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/pingidentity/find-login-url.png)

Copy this URL and open it in a new incognito browser window (if you don't use an incognito window, the admin user session will interfere with the test). You should see the login screen:

![The login page.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/pingidentity/user-login.png)

Enter credentials for a Ping Identity user account; you can use the same account you used to test the API with curl and log in. The user will be transparently migrated over to FusionAuth.

If the user was not migrated or the login was unsuccessful, enable <InlineField>Debug enabled</InlineField> in the Connector configuration to troubleshoot. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Connectors</Breadcrumb> and edit the Connector.

Try to log in again with the test user, then return to the FusionAuth UI and navigate to <Breadcrumb>System -> Event Log</Breadcrumb> to see if it contains any useful information.

<Aside type="note">
  After a successful test login, the user will be redirected to a URL like `https://example.com/?code=2aUqU0ZhQCjtz0fnrFL_i7wxhIAh7cTfxAXEIpJE-5w&locale=en&userState=AuthenticatedNotRegistered`.

  This occurs because you haven't set up a web application to handle the authorization code redirect yet. This is an important next step, but it's beyond the scope of this document. Consult the [5-minute setup guide](/docs/get-started/start-here/step-1) for an example of how to do this.
</Aside>

### Verify The Import

You can also check that the import succeeded by viewing the user in the administrative user interface.

![Migrated user in FusionAuth.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/pingidentity/migrated-user.png)

Once you have successfully migrated a user from Ping Identity to FusionAuth, any further profile or password changes to the user will occur against the FusionAuth database.

### Clean Up Your Test Environment

When you have completed testing the migration, you can deploy the same configuration changes to production.

Depending on your architecture, you can choose to migrate users into the default tenant or a new tenant of the production instance. Whichever you choose, configure the Connector policy of the destination tenant.

If you aren't keeping users in the test tenant, delete it. This is also useful if you want to start over because you need to tweak a setting such as the default application registration. In either case, delete the test tenant you created.

Deleting a tenant will remove all the users and other configuration for the tenant, giving you a fresh start. To delete a tenant, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants</Breadcrumb> and choose the red trash can icon corresponding to the tenant to be deleted.

![Deleting a tenant.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/pingidentity/list-of-tenants-delete-highlighted.png)

Confirm that you want to delete the tenant. Depending on how many users exist in a tenant, deleting a tenant may take some time. If it is easier, you may also delete migrated users one at a time using the administrative user interface.

### Migrate Everything Else

<WhatNext />

### Estimate The Slow Migration Timeline

When using a slow migration, you can estimate how many accounts will be migrated in a given period.

<SlowMigrationTimeline />

After this period, you may want to bulk migrate the rest of the users, or treat them as inactive and not migrate them. Plan to disable the Connector and remove the tenant's Connector Policy after the slow migration is complete.

Learn more about [general slow migration considerations](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users#slow-migration-implementation).

## Bulk Migration

Be aware that the steps outlined for bulk migrating users from Ping Identity will not export password hashes and users will need to change their passwords manually on FusionAuth.

### Export User Data From Ping Identity

Ping Identity provides a [REST API](https://apidocs.pingidentity.com/pingone/platform/v1/api/#get-read-user-or-users) to perform management functions.
One of these endpoints allows you to read the user information in JSON format.

We recommend exporting your user information in JSON format so that you can import the data into FusionAuth using the FusionAuth API.

### Creating The User File

To connect to the Ping Identity API and export users, create a worker application in your Ping Identity environment.  Follow the steps in the [Add The PingOne Authorize Service To Your Environment](#add-the-pingone-authorize-service-to-your-environment) and [Add A Worker Application For The PingOne Authorize Service](#add-a-worker-application-for-the-pingone-authorize-service) sections.

Give the worker application sufficient permissions to access your user data by assigning the necessary roles, for example, the "Identity Data Admin" role for your environment.

Generate an access token in the Configuration tab and take note of it to use in the export application.

We've created a sample Python export program to export users from a Ping Identity server to a JSON file.

The following fields need to be populated from your environment:

* `envID`: The Id of the environment the users will be exported from.
* `access_token`: The access token generated when you created the worker application in Ping Identity.

Set up a Python virtual environment as described in the [Set Up Authentication Logic](#set-up-authentication-logic) section. Install the `requests` requirement for the Python script with `pip install requests`.

Clone the code below to a file named `exportPingUsers.py` and make modifications appropriate to your environment and needs. In addition to adding the `envID` and `access_token`, change the `apiPath` to point to the domain of the region where your Ping Identity data is hosted.

<RemoteCode lang="python" url={codeRoot + "/pingidentity/export/bulk/exportPingUsers.py"} />

Run the script with the following command.

```sh
python exportPingUsers.py
```

The data received from Ping Identity will look similar to the following.

```json
{
    "_links": {
        "self": {
            "href": "https://api.pingone.com/v1/environments/24f17b5b-a458-4238-973e-0f77401897ed/users?limit=100"
        }
    },
    "_embedded": {
        "users": [
            {
                "_links": {
                    "password": {
                        "href": "https://api.pingone.com/v1/environments/24f17b5b-a458-4238-973e-0f77401897ed/users/916b9057-1de6-4718-931d-91f9e886316c/password"
                    },
                    "password.set": {
                        "href": "https://api.pingone.com/v1/environments/24f17b5b-a458-4238-973e-0f77401897ed/users/916b9057-1de6-4718-931d-91f9e886316c/password"
                    },
                    "account.sendVerificationCode": {
                        "href": "https://api.pingone.com/v1/environments/24f17b5b-a458-4238-973e-0f77401897ed/users/916b9057-1de6-4718-931d-91f9e886316c"
                    },
                    "linkedAccounts": {
                        "href": "https://api.pingone.com/v1/environments/24f17b5b-a458-4238-973e-0f77401897ed/users/916b9057-1de6-4718-931d-91f9e886316c/linkedAccounts"
                    },
                    "self": {
                        "href": "https://api.pingone.com/v1/environments/24f17b5b-a458-4238-973e-0f77401897ed/users/916b9057-1de6-4718-931d-91f9e886316c"
                    },
                    "password.check": {
                        "href": "https://api.pingone.com/v1/environments/24f17b5b-a458-4238-973e-0f77401897ed/users/916b9057-1de6-4718-931d-91f9e886316c/password"
                    },
                    "password.reset": {
                        "href": "https://api.pingone.com/v1/environments/24f17b5b-a458-4238-973e-0f77401897ed/users/916b9057-1de6-4718-931d-91f9e886316c/password"
                    },
                    "password.recover": {
                        "href": "https://api.pingone.com/v1/environments/24f17b5b-a458-4238-973e-0f77401897ed/users/916b9057-1de6-4718-931d-91f9e886316c/password"
                    }
                },
                "id": "916b9057-1de6-4718-931d-91f9e886316c",
                "environment": {
                    "id": "24f17b5b-a458-4238-973e-0f77401897ed"
                },
                "account": {
                    "canAuthenticate": true,
                    "status": "OK"
                },
                "address": {
                    "streetAddress": "115 Randy Park",
                    "locality": "Cookshire-Eaton",
                    "countryCode": "CA"
                },
                "createdAt": "2024-02-14T16:28:27.845Z",
                "email": "hearthfield_berengere@example.com",
                "enabled": true,
                "identityProvider": {
                    "type": "PING_ONE"
                },
                "lifecycle": {
                    "status": "ACCOUNT_OK"
                },
                "mfaEnabled": false,
                "name": {
                    "formatted": "Hearthfield Bérengère",
                    "given": "Hearthfield",
                    "family": "Bérengère"
                },
                "population": {
                    "id": "5a899957-18d8-4a62-9a15-e7d4a5265bf8"
                },
                "updatedAt": "2024-02-14T16:28:27.845Z",
                "username": "hearthfield_bérengère",
                "verifyStatus": "NOT_INITIATED"
            },
        ]
    }
}
```

The script converts this data to a structure similar to the example below and saves it to a `users.json` file in the same folder as the script.

```json
{
	"users": [
		{
			"active": true,
			"birthDate": null,
			"insertInstance": null,
			"data": {
				"migrated": true,
				"favoriteColors": null
			},
			"email": "hearthfield_berengere@example.com",
			"expiry": null,
			"firstName": "",
			"fullName": "",
			"id": "916b9057-1de6-4718-931d-91f9e886316c",
			"lastLoginInstant": 0,
			"lastName": "",
			"middleName": "",
			"mobilePhone": "",
			"password": null,
			"salt": null,
			"factor": 10000,
			"encryptionScheme": "salted-pbkdf2-hmac-sha256",
			"passwordChangeRequired": false,
			"passwordLastUpdateInstant": 0,
			"preferredLanguages": [
				"en"
			],
			"identityProviders": {
			},
			"timezone": null,
			"twoFactorEnabled": false,
			"username": "hearthfield_bérengère",
			"verified": true
		},
		{
			"active": true,
			"birthDate": null,
			"insertInstance": null,
			"data": {
				"migrated": true,
				"favoriteColors": null
			},
			"email": "wingar_helena@example.com",
			"expiry": null,
			"firstName": "",
			"fullName": "",
			"id": "a7ff34b6-dfa1-4d60-abd7-5614eb21c8dc",
			"lastLoginInstant": 0,
			"lastName": "",
			"middleName": "",
			"mobilePhone": "",
			"password": null,
			"salt": null,
			"factor": 10000,
			"passwordChangeRequired": false,
			"passwordLastUpdateInstant": 0,
			"preferredLanguages": [
				"en"
			],
			"identityProviders": {
			},
			"timezone": null,
			"twoFactorEnabled": false,
			"username": "wingar_hélèna",
			"verified": true
		}
	]
}
```

Check the output for any errors and to make sure the data looks correct.

If you encounter any issues, you can modify the export program to output more information about the users being exported.

### Importing Users

<Aside type="note">
  Remember that the steps outlined here for importing users will not export password hashes, and users will need to change their passwords manually in FusionAuth.
</Aside>

Here are the steps you need to take to import the user data.

1. Set up FusionAuth.
2. Get the script.
3. Install needed gems.
4. Use the script.
5. Verify the import.

### Set Up FusionAuth

<SetUpFusionauth />

#### Create A Test Tenant

<CreateTestTenant migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} migration_source_name={migration_source_name} add_tenant_image_role={add_tenant_image_role} />

#### Create A Test Application

<CreateTestApplication migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} migration_source_name={migration_source_name} />

#### Add An API Key

<CreateApiKeySocial migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

### Get The Script

<GetScript migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

### Install Needed Gems

The following gems must be available to the import script:

* `date`
* `json`
* `optparse`
* `securerandom`
* `fusionauth_client`

All of these will likely be on your system already, except the `fusionauth_client` gem.

If you have `bundler` installed, run `bundle install` in the `pingidentity` directory. Otherwise, install the needed gems another way.

### Use The Script

You can see the output of the script by running it with the `-h` option.

```sh title="Running the import script with the help command line switch"
ruby ./import.rb -h
```

The output will be similar to the following.

```sh title="The help output of the import.rb script"
Usage: import.rb [options]
    -l, --link-social-accounts       Link social accounts, if present, after import. This operation is slower than an import.
    -r APPLICATION_IDS,              A comma separated list of existing applications Ids. All users will be registered for these applications.
        --register-users
    -o, --only-link-social-accounts  Link social accounts with no import.
    -u, --users-file USERS_FILE      The exported JSON user data file from IdentityServer. Defaults to users.json.
    -f FUSIONAUTH_URL,               The location of the FusionAuth instance. Defaults to http://localhost:9011.
        --fusionauth-url
    -k, --fusionauth-api-key API_KEY The FusionAuth API key.
    -t TENANT_ID,                    The FusionAuth tenant id. Required if more than one tenant exists.
        --fusionauth-tenant-id
    -h, --help                       Prints this help.
```

For the script to work correctly, set the following switches, unless the defaults work for you.

* `-u` should point to the location of the user export file you obtained, unless the default works.
* `-f` should point to your FusionAuth instance. If you are testing locally, it will probably be `http://localhost:9011`.
* `-k` should be set to the value of the API key created above.
* `-t` should be set to the Id of the testing tenant created above.

The `-o` and `-l` switches will attempt to create links for any users authenticated via Google or another social identity provider found in the user data file.

If you are loading users with social account authentication, you must create the social identity providers in FusionAuth beforehand or the links will fail. Additionally, creating a link is not currently optimized in the same way that loading a user is. It may make sense to import all the users in one pass (omitting the `-l` switch) and then create the links using the `-o` switch in a second pass after the users are imported.

<Aside type="note">
  The social account linking functionality will only work with FusionAuth version 1.28 or above. The `fusionauth_client` library must be >= 1.28.
</Aside>

When you run the script, you should get an output similar to the following.

```sh title="Import script output"
$ ruby ./import.rb -f http://localhost:9011 -k '...' -t '...' -u users.json
FusionAuth Importer : IdentityServer
 > User file: users.json
  >> 2 users found in JSON file
 > Call FusionAuth to import users
 > Import success
Duplicate users 0
Import complete. 2 users imported.
```

#### Enhancing The Script

You may want to migrate additional data. Currently, the following attributes are migrated:

* `user_id`
* `email`
* `email_verified`
* `username`
* `insertInstance`
* `registrations`, if supplied

The migrated user will have the original Ping Identity user Id. If you have additional user attributes to migrate, review and modify the `map_user` method.

You may also want to assign roles or associate users with groups by creating the appropriate JSON data structures in the import call. These are documented in the [Import User API docs](/docs/apis/users#import-users). This will require modifying the `import.rb` code.

### Verify The Bulk Import

Log in to the FusionAuth administrative user interface and review the user entries to ensure the data was correctly imported.

![List imported users.](/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/pingidentity/list-users.png)

### The Final Destination of Bulk Imported Users

<FinalDestination migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

Now that you have all the users imported, you need to reset their passwords.

### Reset Passwords

Users may reset their password using the `Forgot Password` link on the login page, or you can use the API calls documented below to do it.

<Aside type="caution">
  This script will send an email to every imported user. Ensure your SMTP server can handle the volume. Configure your SMTP server in <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Your Tenant -> Email</Breadcrumb>.
</Aside>

Review the `Change Password` template to ensure the messaging is correct. Here is [more information on modifying the template](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/email-templates-replacement-variables#forgot-password).

Retrieve the `loginId` from the Ping Identity JSON export files and place it in a single file. The `loginId` will either be the username or the email address. Update the script below to use the API Key created in [Set Up FusionAuth](#set-up-fusionauth) step.

The script below will call the [forgot password API](/docs/apis/users#start-forgot-password-workflow) for every user. It sleeps periodically to avoid overloading the SMTP server. Make sure the API Key has the `POST` to the `api/user/forgot-password` endpoint permission enabled.

```sh title="Example User Password Reset"
#!/bin/bash
API_KEY=...
LOGIN_ID_FILE=...
FA_HOST=...

for loginId in `cat $LOGIN_ID_FILE`; do
  sleep $[( $RANDOM % 10 > 8)] # sleeps 1 second ~10% of the time
  RES=`curl --max-time 600 \
       -s -w "%{http_code}" \
       -H "Authorization: $API_KEY" \
       -H "Content-type: application/json" \
       -XPOST \
       $FA_HOST/api/user/forgot-password \
       -d '{"loginId": "'$loginId'","sendForgotPasswordEmail": true}'`
  if [ "$RES" -ne "200" ]; then
    echo "Error: $RES";
    exit 1;
  fi
done
```

At the end of this process, you have imported the user data and enabled users to reset their passwords to a known value.

## Additional Support

<AdditionalSupport />

# Migrate From Stytch

import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import AdditionalSupport from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_additional-support.mdx';
import Identifiers from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_identifiers.mdx';
import MappingUserAttributes from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_mapping-user-attributes.mdx';
import SocialLoginNote from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_social-login-note.mdx';
import SocialLoginMigration from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_social-login-migration.mdx';
import OtherEntitiesIntro from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_other-entities-intro.mdx';
import WhatNext from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_what-next.mdx';

export const migration_source_name = 'Stytch';
export const migration_source_dir = 'stytch';
export const script_supports_social_logins = true;

This document will help you migrate users from Stytch to FusionAuth.

There are a number of different ways applications can be integrated with Stytch, and it would be difficult to cover them all. This guide is a low-level, technical tutorial focusing on transferring password hashes, calling APIs, and preparing data when migrating users from a Consumer Authentication project. The steps outlined here have not been tested with the Stytch B2B SaaS Authentication project type.

This guide explains how to import passwords into FusionAuth, but does not deal with other Stytch authentication types like magic links, passkeys, passcodes, mobile biometrics, two-factor authentication, and social logins such as Google OAuth.

For an explanation of the high-level process of a migration strategy, see the [migration overview article](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users). Be aware of all laws regarding the protection and transfer of personal information in your country.

## Prerequisites

If you want to import user passwords in addition to user personal details, you need a basic understanding of how password hashing and salts work. FusionAuth has a [hashing article](/articles/security/math-of-password-hashing-algorithms-entropy) that is a good starting point.

To follow this tutorial, you need:
- [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en) to run the migration scripts, and npm.
- [FusionAuth](/download). The easiest way to run it locally is to use [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/) with the configuration file provided later in this tutorial.

Stytch also has SDKs for [Go, Java, Python, and Ruby](https://stytch.com/docs/sdks) if you prefer to convert the JavaScript scripts accompanying this tutorial to another language for your migration in production.

## Planning Considerations

### Obtaining User Data

You can use the [Stytch API](https://stytch.com/docs/api) to export user data, but you cannot export password hashes via the API. To get password hashes, you will need to email Stytch support as described in the [Request User Passwords From Stytch](#request-user-passwords-from-stytch) section.

### Mapping User Attributes

<MappingUserAttributes />

### Social Logins

<SocialLoginNote migration_source_name={migration_source_name} script_supports_social_logins={script_supports_social_logins} />

<SocialLoginMigration />

### Other Entities

<OtherEntitiesIntro migration_source_name={migration_source_name} other_migrated_entities="connections or roles" />

* In Stytch, sign-in providers are a source of data for users. FusionAuth calls these Identity Providers.

#### Identifiers

<Identifiers migration_source_name={migration_source_name}/>

## Exporting Users

To export users from Stytch, you need to request the user password hashes from Stytch via email, get all user details via the API, and then combine the user details with the hashes.

### Create Stytch Users

You probably already have a Stytch account with users you want to export to FusionAuth. Even so, it is a good idea to create a separate test project in Stytch with only a few users. You can use the test project to run an end-to-end migration between Stytch and FusionAuth quickly, without having to handle millions of real users and the privacy risks of handling their data when encountering errors.

Create a new Stytch project:

- Create a Stytch account or sign in to your existing account at https://stytch.com/dashboard.
- Locate the project button next to the workspace button in the header at the top left and use the project button to create a new project you'll use for test users.
- Under Configuration on the sidebar, select <InlineUIElement>API Keys</InlineUIElement>.
- Note the project Id and secret.

Create three example users:
- Download this tutorial's scripts repository from https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-import-scripts and unzip it, or if you have Git, run the code below.

  ```sh
  git clone https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-import-scripts.git
  ```
- In the file `fusionauth-import-scripts/stytch/js/1_makeStytchUsers.mjs`, change the project Id and secret to match your project.
- In a terminal, run the code below to create three new users in Stytch using the Stytch JavaScript API.
  ```sh
  cd fusionauth-import-scripts/stytch/js
  npm update
  node 1_makeStytchUsers.mjs
  ```
- In the Stytch web dashboard, check that the users now exist.
- If any errors occur and you need to delete the users, uncomment the lines with `client.users.delete`, set the user Ids from the dashboard, and rerun the script.

<Aside type="note">
The `1_makeStytchUsers.mjs` file uses the Stytch JavaScript SDK to create users with three different hashing algorithms. However, the line `client.passwords.authenticate` provides the clear text password to Stytch, which Stytch uses to rehash the user password using the Scrypt hashing algorithm. At the end of this script, all your users' passwords will be hashed with Scrypt in the Stytch database.

Even though you can create passwords for Stytch users with different hashing algorithms ([bcrypt, scrypt, Argon2, MD5, SHA-1, or PBKDF2](https://stytch.com/docs/api/password-migrate)), scrypt is the Stytch-preferred algorithm. Whenever a user logs in, Stytch will verify their password hash using the algorithm it is currently stored with, and then rehash their password using scrypt and discard the old hash. Password rehashing is a common technique used to upgrade security as hashing algorithms evolve.

Once you have completed this tutorial and understand how to import hashes into FusionAuth, you might want to go back and comment out the `authenticate` line to test other hashing algorithms. Note that this is necessary only in the rare case that you previously imported users into Stytch from another system, and some of those users have not yet logged in again.
</Aside>

### Request User Passwords From Stytch

You cannot download your users' password hashes from Stytch using their API. To get the password hashes, email `support@stytch.com` from the email address you used to sign up with Stytch and ask for your users' hashes to be sent to you.

Stytch will encrypt the hashes with your public key. Attach this key in a `.pem` file to the email you send Stytch.

To create a private and public key pair, use the commands below in a terminal.

```sh
openssl genpkey -algorithm RSA -out private_key.pem &&
openssl rsa -pubout -in private_key.pem -out public_key.pem
```

Email Stytch only `public_key.pem`. Keep `private_key.pem` secret and secure.

An example of what these keys look like is in the directory `fusionauth-import-scripts/stytch/exampleData/1_emailRequest`. You can use the keys to request test users from Stytch but do **not** use these keys for real users, as they are publicly available on GitHub.

<Aside type="tip">
If you don't want to send Stytch an email, you can use the example response files for the rest of this tutorial. The two files Stytch emailed are in `exampleData/2_emailResponse`. Remember to change the sample user Ids to your actual user Ids as you proceed.
</Aside>

### Decrypt The Reply

Stytch will reply with two files: An encrypted password hash file (`stytch-project-test-36510638-652a-4d3d-9a94-f0a7106582fc-hashes-2021-01-11.enc`) and the key to decrypt it (`key.bin.enc`).

Decrypt the password file with the commands below.

```sh
openssl pkeyutl -decrypt -inkey private_key.pem -in key.bin.enc -out key.bin &&
openssl enc -d -aes-256-cbc -in stytch-project-test-36510638-652a-4d3d-9a94-f0a7106582fc-hashes-2021-01-11.enc -out stytch_password_hashes.csv -pass file:./key.bin
```

Now you have all your user hashes in the file `stytch_password_hashes.csv`. Below is the `exampleData/3_responseDecryption/stytch_password_hashes.csv` file content for three users.

<RemoteCode
    url={frontmatter.importCodeRoot + "/stytch/exampleData/3_responseDecryption/stytch_password_hashes.csv"}
    lang="plaintext"
/>

The file header describes the parameters you need to use when you run the scrypt hashing algorithm to convert user passwords to match the hashes in this file.

Below the header are the column names, and then one row per user. In the example data, all hashes were made using scrypt.

#### Common Problems With Hashes

Not all hash algorithms use separate salts. For instance, bcrypt will create a salt automatically when hashing a password, and store the hash and salt concatenated in one string. You may have to deal with the peculiarities of different algorithms like this if you previously migrated users into Stytch from an authentication provider that did not use scrypt.

Even when using scrypt with the given parameters, you need to carefully check that how you hash passwords has the same result as Stytch. Hashes and salts are arrays of bytes (numbers) and therefore cannot be displayed directly as text. They are instead mapped to text using a conversion process called Base64. However, there are [different ways](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base64#Variants_summary_table) to do this mapping. Since you can see the hashes from Stytch use `-` and `_`, they must use RFC 4648 (the URL-safe standard). This can cause miscommunications with other hash libraries that use `+` and `/`.

For instance, we can use the snippet of JavaScript Node.js code below in `js/2_checkHash.mjs` to create a hash for the last user in the example file.

<RemoteCode
    url={frontmatter.importCodeRoot + "/stytch/js/2_checkHash.mjs"}
    lang="js"
/>

Note that our hash algorithm looks correct, but the hashes differ by one character, `+`, in `8dg6AaIWPfcLTQU7lb4H-CI49dHeqaBXfFE1ogb2qRQ=` and `8dg6AaIWPfcLTQU7lb4H+CI49dHeqaBXfFE1ogb2qRQ=`.

To have the hashes match correctly, you need to replace the `+` and `/` characters in your hash:

```js
const keyBase64 = derivedKey.toString('base64').replace(/\+/g, '-').replace(/\//g, '_');
```

JavaScript and FusionAuth use the `+` and `/` symbols. Stytch and the Java scrypt plugin use `-` and `_`. If you encounter an error when verifying hashes, try converting the hash and salt to use the other character set.

### Get All User Details And Combine With Hashes

Stytch emails you only the user hash and Id. You need to use the Stytch API to retrieve all user details from Stytch, then combine those with the hash from the email, and save the user to FusionAuth.

Open your hash file from Stytch in a text editor and remove all the header lines so only one user per row remains. Save this file to `fusionauth-import-scripts/stytch/js/hash.csv`. The file should look like `exampleData/4_hashFilePreparation/hash.csv` now.

<RemoteCode
    url={frontmatter.importCodeRoot + "/stytch/exampleData/4_hashFilePreparation/hash.csv"}
    lang="csv"
/>

Check the fourth column to ensure that only scrypt users are included. The first four columns are the most important: `id`, `hash`, `salt`, and `hash_method`.

The `3_getUserDetails.mjs` script loops through each user in the `hash.csv` file, uses the API to get the user details from Stytch, and saves them to `js/users.json`.

- Open `3_getUserDetails.mjs` and set your project Id and secret.
- Make sure the `hash.csv` is the same directory `fusionauth-import-scripts/stytch/js` where the `3_getUserDetails.mjs` script is located.
- Run the commands below in a terminal in the `fusionauth-import-scripts/stytch/js` directory.
  ```sh
  npm update
  node 3_getUserDetails.mjs
  ```

Open `js/users.json`. It should look like the sample in `exampleData/5_userDetailAndHashPreparation/users.json`.

<RemoteCode
    url={frontmatter.importCodeRoot + "/stytch/exampleData/5_userDetailAndHashPreparation/user.json"}
    lang="json"
/>

<Aside type="note">
In Stytch, a user can have multiple emails and phone numbers. FusionAuth allows for only one. You will store the extras in the user data JSON field when migrating the user, along with any other Stytch fields FusionAuth does not support.
</Aside>

The last lines of the object show the hash and salt that the script added from the hash file to the user details from the API.

## Importing Users

First install a FusionAuth plugin to handle the Stytch password hash algorithm, then import the users, and finally verify the import.

### Build The Scrypt Password Hash Plugin For FusionAuth

The scrypt hashing algorithm is not [natively supported by FusionAuth](/docs/reference/password-hashes). However, FusionAuth allows [custom plugins](/docs/extend/code/password-hashes/custom-password-hashing). There is a scrypt plugin accompanying this article [in this GitHub repository](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-contrib/tree/main/Password%20Hashing%20Plugins).

<Aside type="note">
The linked repository has multiple plugin projects. You need to build and install only the hashing project.
</Aside>

Download and unzip the repository, or use Git in a terminal with the code below.
```sh
git clone https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-contrib.git
```

Open the file `fusionauth-contrib/Password Hashing Plugins/src/main/java/com/mycompany/fusionauth/plugins/ExampleStytchScryptPasswordEncryptor.java`. The content of the file is shown below.

<RemoteCode
    url={frontmatter.javaCodeRoot + "/Password Hashing Plugins/src/main/java/com/mycompany/fusionauth/plugins/ExampleStytchScryptPasswordEncryptor.java"}
    lang="java"
/>

This program takes a password and salt and returns a hash. It accepts and returns the `+` form of Base64, but changes it to `-` to work with Java internally. The `factor` parameter is ignored. Scrypt instead has multiple parameters set at the top of the file. If any of these differ from the ones you received in your encrypted CSV file header, you need to change them in the Java file.

There are two other files linked to this scrypt plugin that you shouldn't need to alter:
- `fusionauth-contrib/Password Hashing Plugins/src/test/java/com/mycompany/fusionauth/plugins/ExampleStytchScryptPasswordEncryptorTest.java`, which holds unit tests for the hasher.
- `fusionauth-contrib/Password Hashing Plugins/src/main/java/com/mycompany/fusionauth/plugins/guice/MyExampleFusionAuthPluginModule.java`, which makes the hasher file known to FusionAuth.

If you make another hash plugin, you will need to make your own test and add your plugin to the Guice file.

Build the Java plugin and add it to FusionAuth:
- Open a terminal and run the code below to build a Docker container for Java, with the repository shared as a volume into the container.
  ```sh
  cd fusionauth-contrib/.devcontainer
  docker build -t javaimage .
  cd ..
  docker run -it --name javabox -v .:/workspace javaimage
  ```
- In the Docker container terminal that is now running, run the code below.
  ```sh
  cd "/workspace/Password Hashing Plugins"
  mvn clean install
  exit
  ```
- If you have Java installed locally, you can run the Maven command without Docker.

All tests should pass, and the plugin file should be available in `Password Hashing Plugins/target/fusionauth-example-password-encryptor-0.1.0.jar`.

### Set Up FusionAuth And Deploy The Plugin

Now copy `fusionauth-example-password-encryptor-0.1.0.jar` to your FusionAuth `plugins` directory and restart FusionAuth.

If you are not already running FusionAuth or want to test this process on another instance, you can start FusionAuth in Docker.
- Open a new terminal in the `fusionauth-import-scripts` directory and run the code below.
  ```sh
  cd stytch/fusionAuthDockerFiles
  docker compose up
  ```
- FusionAuth will now be running and browsable at `http://localhost:9011`. You can log in with `admin@example.com` and `password`. The container is called `fa`.
- Open a terminal in the `fusionauth-contrib` root directory, where you built the plugin. Run the commands below to copy the JAR file into the FusionAuth container `plugins` directory.
  ```sh
  docker exec fa mkdir /usr/local/fusionauth/plugins
  docker cp "Password Hashing Plugins/target/fusionauth-example-password-encryptor-0.1.0.jar" fa:/usr/local/fusionauth/plugins/fusionauth-example-password-encryptor-0.1.0.jar
  ```
- Finally, restart FusionAuth for it to detect the plugin. In the terminal where FusionAuth is running in Docker, press `control-C` to stop it, wait, and run `docker compose up` again.

### Save The User Details And Hash To FusionAuth

Now you have the users file `users.json` and the scrypt plugin is installed. To import the users into FusionAuth, you need to run the Node.js import script.

### Use the Script

Open a terminal in the `fusionauth-import-scripts` directory and run the code below.
```sh
cd stytch/js
npm update
node 4_import.mjs
```

This import script needs only FusionAuth to be running locally on port 9011 and the `users.json` file to exist in the `fusionauth-import-scripts/stytch/js` directory. The FusionAuth Kickstart file already set a sample application to match the Ids in `4_import.mjs`. If your FusionAuth installation is different, please edit the Ids in `4_import.js`.

<Aside type="tip">
You might want to set the user's registration and tenant Id in your production migration.
```js
faUser.registrations = Array<UserRegistration>;
faUser.tenantId = UUID;
```
</Aside>



The `4_import.mjs` script is the code you will need to spend the most time editing if you want to customize your own migration. Let's look at how it works.

The script has two dependencies:
- `stream-json` — A JSON library that can read massive files with millions of users incrementally. It opens `users.json` for reading in the line `new Chain([fs.createReadStream(filename), parser(), new StreamArray(),])`. For more information, read https://github.com/uhop/stream-json.
- `@fusionauth/typescript-client` — The FusionAuth SDK for Node.js. It's only used for a single operation: `fa.importUsers(importRequest);`. For more information, read the [FusionAuth Typescript Client Library](/docs/sdks/typescript) documentation.

The main program loop is the code below.

```js
for await (const { value: stytchUser } of stytchUsers) {
  const faUser = getFaUserFromStytchUser(stytchUser);
  await importUser(faUser, stytchUser);
}
```

The program takes a Stytch user from the JSON file, maps it to a FusionAuth user ready for import, and sends it to FusionAuth.

The `getFaUserFromStytchUser()` function does a few things:
- Maps as many matching fields from Stytch to FusionAuth as possible.
- Takes the first verified contact it can find or the first contact as the primary FusionAuth contact and saves additional contacts in the generic `data` JSON field. This is because FusionAuth allows only one email and phone number while Stytch has an array.
- Stores all Stytch user details that don't map to FusionAuth in the `data` field.
- Ignores empty fields and arrays.
- Uses the name we registered for the hashing algorithm in the Java plugin in `faUser.encryptionScheme = 'example-salted-stytch-scrypt';`.

Carefully read this function and make sure that the user information you need is imported correctly. If any information is not needed, you can comment out the related lines.

The function `getNullOrUUIDFromUserId()` extracts a standard UUID from the Stytch format to set a user Id in FusionAuth.

Finally, this script imports users individually. If this is too slow when running the production migration, wrap the `importUsers()` FusionAuth SDK call in a loop that bundles users in batches of 1000.

If you are uncertain what a user attribute in FusionAuth does, read more in the [user guide](/docs/apis/users), as linked in the [general migration guide](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users) recommended earlier.


### Import Roles

Stytch does not support user roles and applications as native properties of users. Instead, you can [implement roles](https://stytch.com/docs/guides/authorization/rbac) by adding them as values in the JSON `trusted_metadata` field of the user. This field is similar to the FusionAuth `data` field.

As discussed in the general migration guide, roles in FusionAuth are stored in a Registration object (a link between a User and an Application).

If you have roles in Stytch you want to import, add them to the `faUser.registrations` array in the import script. This is not included in the tutorial script because every Stytch client will have their own way of linking users and applications in Stytch using JSON.

### Verify the Import

If the migration script ran successfully, you should be able to log in to FusionAuth with one of the imported users:
- Browse to `http://localhost:9011`.
- Enter username `user1@example.com` and password `averylongandunguessablepasswordwithlotsofrandominfooofisjoafasnr;,n1`.
- Logging in should work, but your user will not be able to see anything as it has no administration rights.
- Log out again and log in with `admin@example.com`.
- Browse to <InlineUIElement>Users</InlineUIElement> and edit one of the imported users.
- In the <InlineUIElement>Source</InlineUIElement> tab, you can see all the user details.

#### Debug With The FusionAuth Database

If you have errors logging in, use the FusionAuth database directly to see if your users were imported, and check their hashes manually.

You can use any PostgreSQL browser. [DBeaver](https://dbeaver.io/download) is free, cross-platform, and open source. The connection details are in `fusionauth-import-scripts/stytch/fusionAuthDockerFiles/docker-compose.yml` and `.env`.

In DBeaver or your database IDE, create a new PostgreSQL connection with the following details:
- <InlineField>URL:</InlineField> `jdbc:postgresql://localhost:6432/fusionauth`
- <InlineField>Host:</InlineField> `localhost`
- <InlineField>Port:</InlineField> `6432`
- <InlineField>Database:</InlineField> `fusionauth`
- <InlineField>Username:</InlineField> `fusionauth`
- <InlineField>Password:</InlineField> `hkaLBM3RVnyYeYeqE3WI1w2e4Avpy0Wd5O3s3`

Log in to the database and browse to `Databases/fusionauth/Schemas/public/Tables/identities` and `users`. These two tables will show you the login credentials and user personal information.

## What to Do Next

<WhatNext />

## Additional Support

<AdditionalSupport />

# Migrate From Supabase

import AdditionalSupport from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_additional-support.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import CreateApiKeySocial from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-api-key-social.mdx';
import CreateTestApplication from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-test-application.mdx';
import CreateTestTenant from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_create-test-tenant.mdx';
import FinalDestination from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_final-destination.mdx';
import GetScript from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_get-script.mdx';
import MappingUserAttributes from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_mapping-user-attributes.mdx';
import OtherEntitiesIntro from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_other-entities-intro.mdx';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import SetUpFusionauth from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_set-up-fusionauth.mdx';
import SocialLoginMigration from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_social-login-migration.mdx';
import SocialLoginNote from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_social-login-note.mdx';
import VerifyImport from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_verify-import.mdx';
import WhatNext from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_what-next.mdx';

export const migration_source_name = 'Supabase';
export const migration_source_dir = 'supabase';


This document will help you migrate from Supabase to FusionAuth.

This guide assumes you have installed FusionAuth. If you have not, please [view our installation guides](/docs/get-started/download-and-install) and install FusionAuth before you begin. For more general migration information, please view the [FusionAuth migration guide](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users).

There are a number of different ways applications can be integrated with Supabase, and it would be difficult to cover them all. This guide mentions the typical parts of a bulk migration and focuses on migrating user data from a Supabase-managed user database into FusionAuth.

## Planning Considerations

### Obtaining User Data

You can write a custom psql script in the Supabase SQL Editor to export user data as JSON that you can import to FusionAuth. In Supabase, user data is stored in the `auth.users` table, and you can join the query with data from other `auth` tables to pull specific attributes.

### Mapping User Attributes

<MappingUserAttributes />

### Social Logins

<SocialLoginNote migration_source_name={migration_source_name} />

<SocialLoginMigration />

### Other Entities

<OtherEntitiesIntro migration_source_name={migration_source_name} other_migrated_entities="connections or roles" />

* In Supabase, sign-in providers are a source of data for users. FusionAuth calls these Identity Providers.
* Projects are a high-level construct that groups entities such as users and applications together. FusionAuth calls these Tenants.
* Supabase has other products your applications might be using, like Edge functions. FusionAuth does not have equivalents for these products, and is focused only on authentication.

#### Identifiers

When creating an object with the FusionAuth API, you can specify the Id. It must be a [UUID](/docs/reference/data-types#uuids).

This works for users, applications, and tenants, among others.

Supabase uses a custom UUID format. When migrating, a new UUID will be created for the user on FusionAuth.

If you have external dependencies on an Id stored in Supabase, you can add a new attribute under `user.data` (such as `user.data.originalId`) with the value of the Supabase Id. Because everything under `user.data` is indexed and available via search, you'll be able to find your users using either the new FusionAuth Id, or the original Supabase one.

## Exporting Users

To export users from Supabase, you’ll perform the following steps:

1. Access the Supabase SQL Editor and create a new query.
2. Paste the `ufn_get_user_migration_data_json()` function code into the editor.
3. Run the function in the editor and save the JSON data to a file, for example, `users.json`.

The script below is a user-defined psql function for exporting user data from Supabase. The script will generate a JSON array object.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-import-scripts/main/supabase/supabase_user_migration_script.sql"
            lang="shell"
            title="Supabase user data export function" />

The function `ufn_get_user_migration_data_json()` returns a JSON array with formatted user data. Create a new file on your machine, for example, `users.json`, and copy the generated JSON to it. You'll upload this data to FusionAuth later.

<img src={`/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/${migration_source_dir}/supabase-sql.png`} alt="Adding an API key," width="1200" />

The user data to be exported will be selected from the `auth` table. If you have other tables that contain user-specific fields (for example, usernames), you can edit the script above to cater to that.

The JSON output produced by the script should look something like this:

```json
[
  {
    "instance_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000",
    "encrypted_password": "",
    "created_at": 1684248249840.815,
    "provider": "facebook",
    "email": "erlich@example.com",
    "user_id": "facebook|99af46c2-b9e9-4471-81fd-35bdf12957aa",
    "salt": "",
    "password": "hasprovider",
    "email_verified": true
  },
  {
    "instance_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000",
    "encrypted_password": "$2a$10$VnxRmsfGTooc.Yy7Ez7L7.bkdHaSzseGwHkjvxZUGaGo5k4XIfDYe",
    "created_at": 1684096920263.688,
    "provider": "email",
    "email": "richard@example.com",
    "user_id": "auth0|b60d3ece-2c59-43d0-acf1-632fdefb6a54",
    "factor": "10",
    "salt": "VnxRmsfGTooc.Yy7Ez7L7.",
    "password": "bkdHaSzseGwHkjvxZUGaGo5k4XIfDYe",
    "encryptionScheme": "bcrypt",
    "email_verified": true
  },
  {
    "instance_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000",
    "encrypted_password": "",
    "created_at": 1684269308911.086,
    "provider": "google",
    "email": "bertram@example.com",
    "user_id": "google|1a5347be-4bab-4113-aaf5-51d358fd4165",
    "salt": "",
    "password": "hasprovider",
    "email_verified": true
  },
  {
    "instance_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000",
    "encrypted_password": "$2a$10$X06hVD7/522iK698AxX1u.NINSImp/Md75dY/yz5sYjpmGF/5aeM6",
    "created_at": 1684052197215.207,
    "provider": "email",
    "email": "jared@example.com",
    "user_id": "auth0|90d5cfea-e41e-44ea-a3bd-e16d112622f8",
    "factor": "10",
    "salt": "X06hVD7/522iK698AxX1u.",
    "password": "NINSImp/Md75dY/yz5sYjpmGF/5aeM6",
    "encryptionScheme": "bcrypt",
    "email_verified": true
  }
]
```

## Importing Users

Next up, import the user data. Here are the steps you need to take.

1. Set Up FusionAuth
2. Get the Script
3. Install Needed Gems
4. Use the Script
5. Verify the Import
6. The Final Destination of Imported Users

### Set Up FusionAuth

<SetUpFusionauth />

#### Create a Test Tenant

<CreateTestTenant migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} migration_source_name={migration_source_name} />

#### Create a Test Application

<CreateTestApplication migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} migration_source_name={migration_source_name} />

#### Add an API Key

<CreateApiKeySocial migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

### Get the Script

<GetScript migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

### Install Needed Gems

The following gems must be available to the import script:

* `date`
* `json`
* `optparse`
* `securerandom`
* `fusionauth_client`

Most likely all of these will be on your system already, except the `fusionauth_client` gem.

If you have `bundler` installed, run `bundle install` in the `supabase` directory. Otherwise, install the needed gems in some other way.

### Use the Script

You can see the output of the script by running it with the `-h` option:

Running the import script with the help command line switch

```sh
ruby ./import.rb -h
```

The output will be similar to this:

```sh title="The help output of the import.rb script"
Usage: import.rb [options]
    -l, --link-social-accounts       Link social accounts, if present, after import. This operation is slower than an import.
    -r APPLICATION_IDS,              A comma separated list of existing applications Ids. All users will be registered for these applications.
        --register-users
    -o, --only-link-social-accounts  Link social accounts with no import.
    -u, --users-file USERS_FILE      The exported JSON user data file from Supabase. Defaults to users.json.
    -f FUSIONAUTH_URL,               The location of the FusionAuth instance. Defaults to http://localhost:9011.
        --fusionauth-url
    -k, --fusionauth-api-key API_KEY The FusionAuth API key.
    -t TENANT_ID,                    The FusionAuth tenant id. Required if more than one tenant exists.
        --fusionauth-tenant-id
    -m, --map-supa-id            Whether to map the Supabase id for normal imported users to the FusionAuth user id.
    -h, --help                       Prints this help.
```

For this script to work correctly, set the following switches, unless the defaults work for you:

* `-u` should point to the location of the user export file you obtained, unless the default works.
* `-f` must point to your FusionAuth instance. If you are testing locally, it will probably be `http://localhost:9011`.
* `-k` needs to be set to the value of the API key created above.
* `-t` should be set to the Id of the testing tenant created above.

The `-o` and `-l` switches will attempt to create links for any social users (where the user authenticated via Google or another social provider) found in the users data file.

If you are loading social users, you must create the social providers in FusionAuth beforehand, or the links will fail. Additionally, creating a link is not currently optimized in the same way that loading users is. So it may make sense to import all the users in one pass (omitting the `-l` switch). Then, after the users are imported, create the links using the `-o` switch in a second pass.

<Aside type="note">
The social account linking functionality will only work with FusionAuth versions above or equal to 1.28. The `fusionauth_client` library must be >= 1.28 as well.
</Aside>

When you run the script:

```shell title="Import script output"
ruby ./import.rb -f http://localhost:9011 -k '...' -u users.json -t '...' -l
```

You’ll see output like:

```shell title="Import script output"
FusionAuth Importer : Supabase
 > User file: users.json
 > Call FusionAuth to import users
 > Import success
Linking 2 social accounts
 > Link success
 > Link success
Duplicate users 0
Import complete. 4 users imported.
```

#### Enhancing the Script

You may also want to migrate additional data. Currently, the following attributes are migrated:

* `user_id`
* `email`
* `email_verified`
* `username`
* the password hash and supporting attributes, if available

If you have additional user attributes to migrate, review and modify the `map_user` method.

You may also want to assign Roles, or associate users with Groups, by creating the appropriate JSON data structures in the import call. These are documented in the
[Import User API docs](/docs/apis/users#import-users). This will require modifying the `import.rb` code.

### Verify the Import

<VerifyImport migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

### The Final Destination of Imported Users

<FinalDestination migration_source_dir={migration_source_dir} />

## What to Do Next

<WhatNext />

## Additional Support

<AdditionalSupport />

# Migrate From Userfront

With the upcoming shutdown of the Userfront identity service, FusionAuth has partnered with Userfront to provide Userfront customers a new home and a smooth transition. This guide walks you through the steps required to migrate your application from Userfront to FusionAuth.

## Prerequisites

Before you begin, contact Userfront to share your data with FusionAuth. This allows FusionAuth to migrate your data from Userfront.

## Verify FusionAuth

The first step is to verify that FusionAuth is the right solution for your application. There are two ways you can test FusionAuth to ensure it meets your requirements:

1. Follow our [Getting Started guide](/docs/get-started/start-here/step-1) to run FusionAuth locally and test it with your application.
2. [Contact FusionAuth sales](/contact) to set up a test environment in FusionAuth Cloud and work with our Solution Engineering team to answer any questions you might have. They can also help with design and troubleshooting.

### Key Differences

There are a number of key differences between Userfront and FusionAuth to keep in mind during the verification process.

* FusionAuth is a standards based CIAM platform that implements the OAuth, OpenID Connect, and SAML standards; Userfront is an bespoke identity service that primarily leverages custom APIs to perform authentication.
* While FusionAuth provides a custom authentication API, using the OAuth, OpenID Connect, or SAML standards is recommended.
* FusionAuth SDKs leverage a standard-based approach to authentication via OpenID Connect.
* Translating between the Userfront SDKs and FusionAuth SDKs will require some additional work to implement OpenID Connect properly in your application.
* FusionAuth's support for MFA is different than Userfront's, which is tied to a user or required for all users. FusionAuth offers the same methods, but with more granularity around when the MFA challenge occurs.
* FusionAuth supports SAML directly as both a Service Provider (SP) and Identity Provider (IdP) following the SAML specification. Converting from Userfront's SAML implementation to FusionAuth's implementation may require different configuration and integration.
* FusionAuth roles are not scoped to a Tenant. Rather they are scoped to an Application, which can exist in a Tenant or be defined as a Universal Application.

### Limitations

Here are some limitations to consider when switching your application from Userfront to FusionAuth:

* FusionAuth does not support Tenant hierarchies but does support multi-tenancy.
* The Userfront SDKs will not work with FusionAuth.
* The FusionAuth SDKs are not a drop in replacement for the Userfront SDKs.

### Implementation

This guide doesn't provide a step-by-step guide to migrate your application from Userfront to FusionAuth due to the wide variety of possible integrations and configurations. However, the general migration process will be to convert your application from an embedded login component to use FusionAuth's OpenID Connect workflow (which is built on top of OAuth).

If you aren't familiar, OAuth is a standard that uses browser redirects to handle everything from registration and login to MFA and Single Sign-on. FusionAuth implements OAuth directly and our SDKs also integrate with OAuth as well.

As an example, Userfront's React SDK provides an embedded `<LoginForm>` component that calls the Userfront APIs directly. FusionAuth's [React SDK](/docs/get-started/quickstarts/spa/react) instead uses a `startLogin()` function that handles the redirect to FusionAuth's OAuth workflow. To convert from an embedded login form to OAuth, you'll need to rework your application appropriately.

If you are concerned about switching from an embedded login page to OAuth, OAuth is a well-defined standard that has been through rigorous review and testing for over a decade. It is now considered the most secure and consistent way to implement authentication. It prevents attacks such as XSS, cookie stealing, URL hijecking, token hijacking, and many more. In addition, FusionAuth has over 7 years of rigorous security audits, penetration tests, bug bounties, and security reviews of our OAuth implementation. You can rest assured that FusionAuth's OAuth implementation is secure and reliable.

## Migration Steps

Once you have confirmed that FusionAuth meets your needs, you will need to [contact FusionAuth Support](/contact) to gain access to the Userfront migration script or to request data imports into your FusionAuth Cloud environment.

If you self-host FusionAuth, ask Userfront to allowlist the IP address of the machine where you plan to run the migration script. Once added to the allowlist, use the migration script to import Userfront user data into your FusionAuth instance. Allowlisting is required by Userfront for security.

If you are using FusionAuth Cloud, the FusionAuth Support team will work with you to import your data into your FusionAuth Cloud environment. This can be scheduled to coincide with the timing of when your application will convert to FusionAuth as well.

# Migrate From WordPress

import AdditionalSupport from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_additional-support.mdx';
import Aside from '/src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import Identifiers from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_identifiers.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import MappingUserAttributes from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_mapping-user-attributes.mdx';
import OtherEntitiesIntro from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_other-entities-intro.mdx';
import SocialLoginMigration from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_social-login-migration.mdx';
import SocialLoginNote from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_social-login-note.mdx';
import WhatNext from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/_what-next.mdx';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';

export const migration_source_name = 'WordPress';
export const migration_source_dir = 'wordpress';
export const script_supports_social_logins = false;

## Overview

This document will help you migrate users from WordPress to FusionAuth.

This guide is a low-level, technical tutorial focusing on transferring password hashes, calling APIs, and preparing data when migrating users from WordPress. To understand how to plan a migration at a higher level, please read the [FusionAuth migration guide](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users).

## Prerequisites

If you want to import user passwords in addition to user personal details, you need a basic understanding of how password hashing and salts work. FusionAuth has a [hashing article](/articles/security/math-of-password-hashing-algorithms-entropy) that is a good starting point.

To follow this tutorial, you need:
- [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en) to run the migration scripts, and npm.
- [FusionAuth](/download). The easiest way to run it locally is to use [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/) with the configuration file provided later in this tutorial.

## Planning Considerations

### Obtaining User Data

WordPress stores all users in a MySQL database. You will need access to the database to run a SQL extraction script.

### Mapping User Attributes

<MappingUserAttributes migration_source_name={migration_source_name} />

### Social Logins

<SocialLoginNote migration_source_name={migration_source_name} script_supports_social_logins={script_supports_social_logins} />

<SocialLoginMigration />

### Other Entities

<OtherEntitiesIntro migration_source_name={migration_source_name} other_migrated_entities="connections or roles" />

#### Identifiers

When creating an object with the FusionAuth API, you can specify the Id. It must be a [UUID](/docs/reference/data-types#uuids).

This works for users, applications, and tenants, among others.

## Export Users

In this section, you create a sample WordPress database in Docker, understand where the user details are kept in the database, and export them with a SQL script.

### Start WordPress

Create a directory for this project. In the directory, create a file called `docker-compose.yaml` and insert the code below.

```yaml
# Source: https://hub.docker.com/r/bitnami/wordpress-nginx
version: '2'
services:
  mariadb:
    image: docker.io/bitnami/mariadb:11.2
    container_name: fawp_db
    ports:
      - '3306:3306'
    volumes:
      - './db:/bitnami/mariadb'
    environment:
      # ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD is recommended only for development.
      - ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD=yes
      - MARIADB_USER=wp
      - MARIADB_DATABASE=wp
  wordpress:
    image: docker.io/bitnami/wordpress-nginx:6
    container_name: fawp
    ports:
      - '80:8080'
      - '443:8443'
    volumes:
      - './wp:/bitnami/wordpress'
    depends_on:
      - mariadb
    environment:
      # ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD is recommended only for development.
      - ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD=yes
      - WORDPRESS_DATABASE_HOST=mariadb
      - WORDPRESS_DATABASE_PORT_NUMBER=3306
      - WORDPRESS_DATABASE_USER=wp
      - WORDPRESS_DATABASE_NAME=wp
volumes:
  mariadb_data:
    driver: local
  wordpress_data:
    driver: local
```

Open a terminal in the same directory as the file and run the code below to start a MariaDB and WordPress container.

```sh
mkdir db && mkdir wp && sudo chmod -R 777 ./db ./wp
docker compose up
```

This command creates two directories to hold the data for your WordPress and database files, shared with volumes in the Docker containers.

Browse to http://localhost/wp-login.php. Log in with username `user` and password `bitnami`. This is the default WordPress administrator configured in the Bitnami Docker image we used.

### Add A New User

If you use WordPress as a user management system, you need to allow users to register themselves. To do this, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> General -> Membership</Breadcrumb>. Enable <InlineUIElement>Anyone can register</InlineUIElement> and click <InlineUIElement>Save Changes</InlineUIElement>.

Log out at the top right of the page. Browse to http://localhost/wp-login.php.
Register a new user. Enter a username and email `richard@example.com`.

### Explore The Users In The Database

Browse the database in any database IDE that can connect to MariaDB. [DBeaver](https://dbeaver.io/download) is a free, cross-platform IDE you can use.

Create a new MariaDB connection to `localhost`, port `3306`, database `wp`, username `wp`, with no password needed. Open the connection and expand the database tables.

WordPress has two tables related to users: `wp_users` and `wp_usermeta`.

#### The `wp_users` Table

In `wp_users`, you will have data similar to the example below. This table holds identifiers and a password hash for each user.

```
ID |user_login|user_pass                         |user_nicename|user_email            |user_url        |user_registered         |user_activation_key                           |user_status|display_name|
---|----------|----------------------------------|-------------|----------------------|----------------|------------------------|----------------------------------------------|-----------|------------
 1 |user      |$P$BVrdsW/NUuXDi0Od0uUdk2SnJHHmQ01|user         |user@example.com|     http://127.0.0.1 |2024-02-21 07:09:20.000 |                                              |          0|user    |
 2 |richard   |$P$B/kCzTMDV7ccClaRShJPz8suWQdKc5/|richard      |richard@example.com   |                |2024-02-21 10:52:53.000 |1708512773:\$P$BYELgLl.oz9lv.YRNp7ppBA1GxzOEY0|          0|a       |
```

Unfortunately, neither the [WordPress Codex](https://codex.wordpress.org/Database_Description) nor the [WordPress Developer Handbook](https://developer.wordpress.org) gives definitions of the database fields and their meanings. To be certain of their purpose, you would need to read the WordPress source code, but the column definitions below seem obvious enough to trust.

- <InlineField>ID:</InlineField> A unique identifier for each user. It is an auto-incremented integer and serves as the primary key for the table.
- <InlineField>user_login:</InlineField> The user's username used for logging in to WordPress.
- <InlineField>user_pass:</InlineField> The hashed password for the user.
- <InlineField>user_nicename:</InlineField> A URL-friendly version of the user's username. It is used in the author slug URL.
- <InlineField>user_email:</InlineField> The user's email address. It is unique for each user and used for account management and notifications.
- <InlineField>user_url:</InlineField> The URL of the user's website. This field is optional and can be left blank.
- <InlineField>user_registered:</InlineField> The date and time when the user registered on the WordPress site. It is stored in the 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS' format.
- <InlineField>user_activation_key:</InlineField> Used for storing a hash that is used to activate the user's account or for password reset purposes.
- <InlineField>user_status:</InlineField> This field is deprecated and not used by core WordPress functions. It was originally intended for user status but is now typically left at its default value of 0.
- <InlineField>display_name:</InlineField> The publicly displayed name of the user. This name is shown on the site in places like author posts or comments.

#### The `wp_usermeta` Table

The `wp_usermeta` table holds all information about a user besides what is kept in the `wp_users` table. WordPress plugins can add their own data, too. Below is the data you should have in `wp_usermeta`.

umeta_id|user_id|meta_key                             |meta_value
--------|-------|-------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1|      1|nickname                             |user
2|      1|first_name                           |UserName
3|      1|last_name                            |LastName
4|      1|description                          |
5|      1|rich_editing                         |true
6|      1|syntax_highlighting                  |true
7|      1|comment_shortcuts                    |false
8|      1|admin_color                          |fresh
9|      1|use_ssl                              |0
10|      1|show_admin_bar_front                 |true
11|      1|locale                               |
12|      1|wp_capabilities                      |`a:1:{s:13:"administrator";b:1;}`
13|      1|wp_user_level                        |10
14|      1|dismissed_wp_pointers                |
15|      1|show_welcome_panel                   |1
16|      1|session_tokens                       |`a:1:{s:64:"ed6949d03244303edfd56de57f46b77a7300c2c62406ccde3b717b700c4fce4a";a:4:{s:10:"expiration";i:1708684580;s:2:"ip";s:10:"172.25.0.1";s:2:"ua";s:101:"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/121.0.0.0 Safari/537.`
17|      1|wp_dashboard_quick_press_last_post_id|4
18|      1|community-events-location            |`a:1:{s:2:"ip";s:10:"172.25.0.0";}`
19|      2|nickname                             |richard
20|      2|first_name                           |
21|      2|last_name                            |
22|      2|description                          |
23|      2|rich_editing                         |true
24|      2|syntax_highlighting                  |true
25|      2|comment_shortcuts                    |false
26|      2|admin_color                          |fresh
27|      2|use_ssl                              |0
28|      2|show_admin_bar_front                 |true
29|      2|locale                               |
30|      2|wp_capabilities                      |`a:1:{s:10:"subscriber";b:1;}`
31|      2|wp_user_level                        |0
32|      2|default_password_nag                 |1

The column definitions for the table are:

- <InlineField>umeta_id:</InlineField> A unique identifier for each meta entry. It is an auto-incremented integer and serves as the primary key for the table.
- <InlineField>user_id:</InlineField> The Id of the user the meta entry belongs to. It links to the Id column in the `wp_users` table.
- <InlineField>meta_key:</InlineField> The name of the metadata field. WordPress uses this field to store various pieces of user-related information, such as administrative capabilities (`wp_capabilities`), user roles (`wp_user_level`), and custom user meta added by themes or plugins.
- <InlineField>meta_value:</InlineField> The value of the metadata field. The information here can vary widely depending on the meta_key. This field can store serialized arrays or strings, depending on the type of data being stored.

The `wp_usermeta` table uses an entity-attribute-value (EAV) model. Instead of having one column for each type of field to store for a user, new fields are added using key-value combinations.

Some things to note when deciding which fields you want to import to FusionAuth:
- Blank fields, like description, can be ignored.
- Fields that are specific to WordPress, like <InlineField>rich_editing</InlineField>, can be ignored.
- Some fields are PHP objects serialized into strings, like `wp_capabilities` with value `a:1:{s:13:"administrator";b:1;}`. This reads as: An array of one element containing a string of 13 elements and a boolean of value true. You will need to deserialize these when importing them.
- Legacy fields, like `wp_user_level`, can be ignored.

Here are some of the `meta_key` types you might find:

- <InlineField>wp_capabilities:</InlineField> Stores the roles assigned to a user in a serialized array. This determines what the user can and cannot do in WordPress.
- <InlineField>wp_user_level:</InlineField> A legacy way to define user roles and capabilities, primarily kept for backward compatibility. It represents the user's role as a numeric level.
- <InlineField>rich_editing:</InlineField> Indicates whether the user prefers to use the visual rich editor when writing. The value is either "true" or "false".
- <InlineField>syntax_highlighting:</InlineField> Indicates whether the user prefers to have syntax highlighting enabled in the code editor. The value is either "true" or "false".
- <InlineField>comment_shortcuts:</InlineField> Indicates whether the user wishes to use keyboard shortcuts for comment moderation. The value is either "true" or "false".
- <InlineField>admin_color:</InlineField> The color scheme the user has chosen for the admin dashboard.
- <InlineField>use_ssl:</InlineField> Whether the user prefers to use SSL when logging into the admin area. The value is either "0" (do not force SSL) or "1" (force SSL).
- <InlineField>show_admin_bar_front:</InlineField> Determines whether the WordPress admin bar should be displayed to the user when viewing the site. The value is either "true" or "false".
- <InlineField>locale:</InlineField> The user's preferred language locale for the admin dashboard.
- <InlineField>wp_dashboard_quick_press_last_post_id:</InlineField> The Id of the last post created using the "Quick Draft" dashboard widget.
- <InlineField>dismissed_wp_pointers:</InlineField> Tracks the admin pointers dismissed by the user to avoid showing them again.
- <InlineField>session_tokens:</InlineField> Stores the user's session tokens for maintaining login sessions across different devices.
- <InlineField>wp_user-settings</InlineField> and <InlineField>wp_user-settings-time:</InlineField> Store user-specific settings for the admin area, such as the true or false status of checkboxes and the timestamp of the last settings update, respectively.

### Export The Users In SQL

FusionAuth provides export and import scripts under a permissive open-source license. To get the scripts, clone the Git repository.

```sh
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-import-scripts
```

The `wordpress` directory contains all the scripts you need for this tutorial, and `wordpress/exampleData` has the output of the scripts.

Navigate to the `wordpress/src` directory.

```sh
cd fusionauth-import-scripts/wordpress/src
```

Install the required npm dependencies by running the following command.

```sh
npm install
```

Run the SQL script `1_exportWordpressUsers.sql` in the `fusionauth-import-scripts/wordpress/src` directory against your WordPress database to export all the user data as JSON. View the output as text in DBeaver and save the `json_result` column to a file called `users.txt`.

<Aside type="note">
  If you have the `mysql` CLI installed, you can use a command similar to the one below to export user data from the database to the `users.txt` file. If you use the command to export the data, you will need to remove the column name `json_result` from the first line and any blank lines in the resulting `users.txt` file.

  ```sh
  mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3306 -u wp wp --raw < 1_exportWordpressUsers.sql > users.txt
  ```
</Aside>

The script exports the `wp_users` table as JSON with all `wp_usermeta` fields related to each user as an array called `meta`.

Your `users.txt` file should now have user data similar to the one in `fusionauth-import-scripts/exampleData/1_wordpressExport/users.txt`. Each row is JSON, but the file as a whole is not JSON. Each row must end with a comma and the file contents must be wrapped in brackets.

Copy your `users.txt` file into `fusionauth-import-scripts/wordpress/src` and run the code below.

```sh
node 2_convertTextToJson.mjs
```

Your output should be valid JSON and look like the file `fusionauth-import-scripts/exampleData/1_wordpressExport/users.json`.

## Import Users

Now that the user details have been extracted from WordPress, you need to add a password hashing plugin to FusionAuth that supports the phpass hashing algorithm used in WordPress, map the WordPress fields to FusionAuth fields, and then import the users using a script.

### Use A WordPress Password Hash Plugin For FusionAuth

The WordPress Phpass hashing algorithm is not [natively supported by FusionAuth](/docs/reference/password-hashes). However, FusionAuth allows [custom plugins](/docs/extend/code/password-hashes/custom-password-hashing). There is a WordPress Phpass plugin accompanying this article [in this GitHub repository](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-contrib/tree/main/Password%20Hashing%20Plugins).

<Aside type="note">
The linked repository has multiple plugin projects. You need to build and install only the Password Hashing Plugins project.
</Aside>

Download and unzip the repository, or use Git in a terminal with the command below.

```sh
git clone https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-contrib.git
```

Open the file `fusionauth-contrib/Password Hashing Plugins/src/main/java/com/mycompany/fusionauth/plugins/ExampleWordPressPhpassPasswordEncryptor.java`. The content of the file is shown below.

<RemoteCode
    url={frontmatter.javaCodeRoot + "/Password Hashing Plugins/src/main/java/com/mycompany/fusionauth/plugins/ExampleWordPressPhpassPasswordEncryptor.java"}
    lang="java"
/>

Most of the other hashing plugins in this project take a plaintext password and Base64 salt and return a Base64 hash. The phpass plugin is more complicated. The salt is stored inside the hash, as is the hashing algorithm name. Thus the `encrypt` function needs to perform the password hash comparison inside the phpass algorithm to verify the user's password is correct. The WordPress user import script you will use shortly saves the existing hash to the salt field. If the `checkPassword` function succeeds, then the `encrypt` function returns the existing salt. If it fails, the function returns a random number to ensure that the passwords will never match. Only if given a new password with no existing hash will `encrypt` return a new hash.

The `factor` parameter should always be 8.

There are two other files linked to this plugin that you shouldn't need to alter:
- `fusionauth-contrib/Password Hashing Plugins/src/main/java/com/mycompany/fusionauth/plugins/ExampleWordPressPhpassPasswordEncryptorTest.java`, which holds unit tests for the hasher.
- `fusionauth-contrib/Password Hashing Plugins/src/main/java/com/mycompany/fusionauth/plugins/guice/MyExampleFusionAuthPluginModule.java`, which makes the hasher file known to FusionAuth.

If you make another hash plugin, you will need to make your own test and add your plugin to the Guice file. This might be the case if your WordPress installation has overridden the default hashing algorithm.

<Aside type="note">
The WordPress Phpass library uses specific prefixes in password hashes to indicate the algorithm and cost parameters.

- **No prefix:** Very old WordPress installations might use MD5 hashes. These hashes are 32 characters long and consist of hexadecimal characters.
- **$P$ or $P$B:** This prefix indicates phpass library. The $P$ indicates phpass, and the character following this prefix represents the cost parameter of the hash. The actual algorithm is a modified MD5 with multiple iterations to increase security. This is the algorithm the Java plugin discussed above uses and is the default in WordPress in 2024.
- **$1$:** This prefix indicates an MD5-based crypt hash processed with a Unix `crypt()` function.
- **$2a$, $2x$, $2y$:** These prefixes are associated with bcrypt.
- **$5$ and $6$:** These prefixes indicate SHA-256 and SHA-512 hashing respectively.
- **$argon2i$, $argon2id$:** These prefixes are for Argon2.
</Aside>

Build the Java plugin and add it to FusionAuth:

- Open a terminal in the `fusionauth-contrib` directory and run the commands below to build a Docker container for Java, with the repository shared as a volume into the container.

  ```sh
  cd .devcontainer
  docker build -t javaimage .
  cd ..
  docker run -it --name javabox -v .:/workspace javaimage
  ```
- In the Docker container terminal that is now running, run the commands below.
  ```sh
  cd "/workspace/Password Hashing Plugins"
  mvn clean install
  exit
  ```
- If you have Java installed locally, you can run the Maven command without Docker.

All tests should pass, and the plugin file should be available in `Password Hashing Plugins/target/fusionauth-example-password-encryptor-0.1.0.jar`.

### Set Up FusionAuth And Deploy The Plugin

Now copy `fusionauth-example-password-encryptor-0.1.0.jar` to your FusionAuth `plugins` directory and restart FusionAuth.

If you are not already running FusionAuth or want to test this process on another instance, you can start FusionAuth in Docker.
- Open a new terminal in the `fusionauth-import-scripts` directory and run the code below.
  ```sh
  cd wordpress/fusionAuthDockerFiles
  docker compose up
  ```
- FusionAuth will now be running and browsable at `http://localhost:9011`. You can log in to the [FusionAuth admin UI](http://localhost:9011/admin) with `admin@example.com` and `password`. The container is called `fa`.
- In the `fusionauth-contrib` terminal where you built the plugin, run the commands below to copy the JAR file into the FusionAuth container `plugins` directory.
  ```sh
  docker exec fa mkdir /usr/local/fusionauth/plugins
  docker cp "Password Hashing Plugins/target/fusionauth-example-password-encryptor-0.1.0.jar" fa:/usr/local/fusionauth/plugins/fusionauth-example-password-encryptor-0.1.0.jar
  ```
- Finally, restart FusionAuth for it to detect the plugin. In the terminal where FusionAuth is running in Docker, press Ctrl + C to stop it, wait, and run `docker compose up` again.

### Create Roles For Your Users

The two users you exported have the roles Administrator and Subscriber, as seen in the `wp_capabilities` meta field. Create the roles in FusionAuth. In a terminal in the `fusionauth-import-scripts/wordpress/src` directory, run the code below.

```sh
node 3_addRoles.mjs
```

Now in the [FusionAuth admin interface](http://localhost:9011/admin), if you browse to <Breadcrumb>Applications -> WordpressTestImportApp</Breadcrumb> and click the <InlineUIElement>Manage Roles</InlineUIElement> button, you can see the roles have been added for your sample Application. This Application was created using a bootstrapping feature of FusionAuth called [Kickstart](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/kickstart), defined in `fusionauth-import-scripts/wordpress/fusionAuthDockerFiles/kickstart/kickstart.json`. When FusionAuth comes up for the first time, it will look at the `kickstart.json` file and configure FusionAuth to the specified state.

### Prepare Users For Import To FusionAuth

The next script, `4_convertWpUserToFaUser.mjs`, is the most important. It maps the fields of `users.json` to FusionAuth fields. You may wish to alter this script to change which fields are ignored, or where they are mapped.

The script uses `stream-json`, a JSON library that can incrementally read massive files with millions of users. It opens the `users.json` file for reading in the line `new Chain([fs.createReadStream(inputFilename), parser(), new StreamArray(),]);`. For more information, read https://github.com/uhop/stream-json. The `processUsers()` function calls `getFaUserFromUser()` to map the WordPress user to FusionAuth, and then saves them to an `faUsers.json` file.

The `getFaUserFromUser()` function does a few things:
- Maps as many matching fields from WordPress to FusionAuth as possible.
- Stores all WordPress user details that don't map to FusionAuth in the `data` field. If there are details you want to include or exclude, alter the `dataToIgnore` list at the top of the file.
- Ignores empty fields and arrays.
- Uses the name we registered for the hashing algorithm in the Java plugin in `faUser.encryptionScheme = 'example-wordpress-phpass';`.
- Adds Registrations (a Role link between a User and an Application) for users. You will need to change these Ids to match those of your application when doing a real migration.

There are a few helper functions at the bottom of the file to extract keys and values from the WordPress `wp_usermeta` object and deserialize them from PHP. These are used when working with `wp_capabilities`.

Carefully read this function and make sure that the user information you need is imported correctly. If any information is not needed, you can comment out the related lines.

If you are uncertain about what a user attribute in FusionAuth does, read more in the [user guide](/docs/apis/users), as linked in the [general migration guide](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users) recommended earlier.

In a terminal in the `fusionauth-import-scripts/wordpress/src` directory, run the script with the following command.

```sh
node 4_convertWpUserToFaUser.mjs
```

### Use The Script

Now you have the users file `faUsers.json` and the WordPress Phpass plugin is installed. To import the users into FusionAuth, you need to run the Node.js import script.

In a terminal in the `fusionauth-import-scripts/wordpress/src` directory, run the command below.

```sh
node 5_import.mjs
```

This script uses the FusionAuth SDK for Node.js `@fusionauth/typescript-client`. It's used only for a single operation, `fa.importUsers(importRequest)`. For more information, read the [FusionAuth Typescript Client Library](/docs/sdks/typescript) documentation.

Finally, this script imports users individually. If this is too slow when running the production migration, wrap the `importUsers()` FusionAuth SDK call in a loop that bundles users in batches of 1000.

### Verify The Import

If the migration script ran successfully, you should be able to log in to the `WordpressTestImportApp` application with one of the imported users. In the [FusionAuth admin UI](http://localhost:9011/admin), navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications -> WordpressTestImportApp</Breadcrumb>. Click the <InlineUIElement>View</InlineUIElement> button (green magnifying glass) next to the application and note the <InlineField>OAuth IdP login URL</InlineField>.

<img src={`/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/${migration_source_dir}/find-login-url.png`} alt="Application login URL." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Copy this URL and open it in a new incognito browser window. (If you don’t use an incognito window, the admin user session will interfere with the test.) You should see the login screen. Enter username `user@example.com` and password `bitnami`. Login should work.

<Aside type="note">
  After a successful test login, the user will be redirected to a URL like `https://example.com/?code=FlZF97WIYLNxt4SGD_22qvpRh4fZ6kg_N89ZbBAy1E4&locale=fr&userState=Authenticated`. This occurs because you haven't set up a web application to handle the authorization code redirect yet.

  That is an important next step but is beyond the scope of this document. Consult the [5-minute setup guide](/docs/get-started/start-here/step-1) for an example of how to do this.
</Aside>


Next, log in to the [FusionAuth admin UI](http://localhost:9011/admin) with `admin@example.com` and password `password`. Review the user entries to ensure the data was correctly imported.

<img src={`/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/provider-specific/${migration_source_dir}/list-users.png`} alt="List of imported users." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

You can manage a user by clicking on the <InlineUIElement>Manage</InlineUIElement> button (black button) to the right of the user in the list of users to review the details of the imported user’s profile. In the <InlineUIElement>Source</InlineUIElement> tab, you can see all the user details as a JSON object.

#### Debug With The FusionAuth Database

If you have errors logging in, you can use the FusionAuth database directly to see if your users were imported, and check their hashes manually.

You can use any PostgreSQL browser. DBeaver will work. The connection details are in `fusionauth-import-scripts/wordpress/fusionAuthDockerFiles/docker-compose.yml` and `.env`.

In your database IDE, create a new PostgreSQL connection with the following details:

- <InlineField>URL:</InlineField> `jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/fusionauth`
- <InlineField>Host:</InlineField> `localhost`
- <InlineField>Port:</InlineField> `5432`
- <InlineField>Database:</InlineField> `fusionauth`
- <InlineField>Username:</InlineField> `fusionauth`
- <InlineField>Password:</InlineField> `hkaLBM3RVnyYeYeqE3WI1w2e4Avpy0Wd5O3s3`

Log in to the database and browse to `Databases/fusionauth/Schemas/public/Tables`. Tables `identities` and `users` will show you the login credentials and user personal information.

## What To Do Next

WordPress Phpass uses a relatively old and weak hashing algorithm, though not terrible. You might want to rehash your users' passwords on their next login with a stronger algorithm. To enable this setting, follow these [instructions](/docs/extend/code/password-hashes/custom-password-hashing#rehashing-user-passwords).

<WhatNext />

## Additional Support

<AdditionalSupport />

# Azure AD SCIM Client

import AzureAside from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_azure-ad-entra-id.mdx';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

This is a basic example to get started configuring Azure AD/Microsoft Entra ID as a SCIM client and establish a connection between FusionAuth and Azure AD for provisioning purposes.

For complete documentation, please refer to the [Azure AD/Microsoft Entra ID provisioning documentation](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity/app-provisioning/user-provisioning).

<AzureAside />

To configure the integration, in the Microsoft Azure console, navigate to *Azure AD* and click on *Enterprise Applications* and either create a new application, or select the application you will be using for SCIM provisioning. Once you have selected the application, click on *Provisioning* in the left navigation under the *Manage* section.

Here you will find an *Update Credentials* option in the *Manage Provisioning* section at the bottom of the page. Expand the *Admin Credentials* section find the required configuration fields.

<Aside type="caution">
  This screenshot is an example only. The preferred integration is to use client credentials so that you do not need to create a long lived token.

  If at all possible you should be directly integrating the client credentials grant. Using a long lived token becomes an API key that you cannot revoke.
</Aside>


<Breadcrumb>Home -> Azure AD -> Enterprise Applications -> Provisioning -> Update credentials</Breadcrumb>
<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/scim/azure-ad-scim-client-credentials.png" alt="Azure AD SCIM Provisioning Integration" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Tenant URL">
    Set this value equal to the FusionAuth SCIM tenant URL found in the Tenant view dialog.

    For example, if the base URL for FusionAuth is `https://piedpiper.com`, your SCIM URL will be `https://piedpiper.com/api/scim/resource/v2`
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Secret Token">
    This value will be set using the access token generated using the client credentials grant for the SCIM client entity and the SCIM server entity. [Learn more about getting the access token.](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/scim#scim-client-authentication)
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

# SCIM

import EnterprisePlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_enterprise-plan-blurb.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import ScimLimits from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_scim-limits.mdx';
import ScimServerPermissions from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_scim-server-permissions.md'

<EnterprisePlanBlurb />

<Aside type="version">
This functionality has been available since 1.36.0
</Aside>

SCIM (System for Cross-domain Identity Management) is a specification for a client to provision users and groups on a server using a standard protocol. FusionAuth can consume SCIM formatted requests and act as the provisioning server in a SCIM client/server environment.

## Common SCIM Use Cases

SCIM lets you provision and deprovision users from external identity stores into FusionAuth. Here are some scenarios where this is useful:

* When your customers are themselves businesses with a centralized user data store. This is common when you are a business to business SaaS product. Customers want to control access to their instance of your application. They can do so by using SCIM to set up accounts for their users. When an employee leaves the customer's company, the employee account is automatically disabled in FusionAuth. Since SCIM is configured at the FusionAuth tenant level, this is an enterprise feature that FusionAuth makes it easy to offer.
* Ensuring your employees have access to your custom applications which use FusionAuth as an identity store. When a new employee is added into your corporate directory (Azure AD/Microsoft Entra ID, Okta, or otherwise), SCIM can provision them into the custom application, accelerating their onboarding experience. Equally important, when the employee departs, their access to the app also departs.

## Specifications

The links below include details about the SCIM specification as well as detailed information about the protocols and schemas.

- [The RFC defining the overall concepts and requirements](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7642)
- [The RFC defining the protocol](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7644)
- [The RFC defining the core schema definitions](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7643)

## FusionAuth SCIM Support

Any SCIM client can make requests to FusionAuth using the SCIM specification for defining Users and Groups. In this scenario FusionAuth acts as the provisioning server and can respond with SCIM compliant responses.

FusionAuth is not a SCIM compatible client, but if you are interested in similar functionality, review [available Webhooks](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/).

### The FusionAuth SCIM Workflow

This is an example of a basic interaction between an external SCIM client provisioning request to create a FusionAuth User:

1. The client would send a SCIM compliant request to the [SCIM User endpoint](/docs/apis/scim/scim-user) `/api/scim/resource/v2/Users`. Other [SCIM API endpoints](/docs/apis/scim/) are also available.

<JSON title="Example User Create Request JSON" src="scim/user-create-request.json" />

2. FusionAuth will authenticate the incoming request to ensure the request is from a known SCIM client. Each SCIM client and server instance is represented as an Entity and will authenticate using a [Client Credentials Grant](/docs/apis/authentication#client-credentials). An example [client credentials grant using Entities](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/#example-client-credentials-grant).
3. FusionAuth will call the assigned incoming request lambda, passing the SCIM request data and a FusionAuth User object. The lambda is responsible for converting the incoming SCIM request data into a FusionAuth User object. For example, the `name.givenName` property shown above could be mapped to `user.firstName`.
- [SCIM Group Request Converter Lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/scim-group-request-converter)
- [SCIM User Request Converter Lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/scim-user-request-converter)
4. FusionAuth will attempt to create the FusionAuth User using the mapped object from the incoming request lambda.
5. Upon successful creation of the User, FusionAuth will call the outgoing response lambda, passing the newly created FusionAuth User and the SCIM response. The outgoing lambda is responsible for mapping the FusionAuth User properties to the appropriate SCIM representation.
- [SCIM Group Response Converter Lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/scim-group-response-converter)
- [SCIM User Response Converter Lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/scim-user-response-converter)

The lambdas will need to map the SCIM data to the appropriate FusionAuth object property. Below are some suggested strategies, but the data can be mapped in any way you choose.

*Suggested lambda mapping between SCIM Group schema extension and FusionAuth Group*
|SCIM Group Attribute | FusionAuth Group and members property |
| --- | --- |
|`externalId` | This field is handled automatically so it does not need to be mapped in the lambdas |
|`displayName` |`group.name` |
|`members[x].value` |`members[x].userId` |
|`members[x].$ref` |`members[x].data.$ref` |

*Suggested lambda mapping between SCIM User schema and FusionAuth User*
|SCIM User Attribute | FusionAuth User property |
| --- | --- |
|`active` |`user.active` |
|`emails[x].value` |`user.email` |
|`externalId` | This field is handled automatically so it does not need to be mapped in the lambdas |
|`name.familyName` |`user.lastName` |
|`name.formatted` |`user.fullName` |
|`name.givenName` |`user.firstName` |
|`name.honorifixPrefix` |`user.data.honorificPrefix` |
|`name.honorifixSuffix` |`user.data.honorificSuffix` |
|`name.middleName` |`user.middleName` |
|`password` |`user.password` |
|`name.givenName` |`user.firstName` |
|`phoneNumbers[x].value` |`user.mobilePhone` |
|`userName` |`user.userName` |

The SCIM EnterpriseUser schema is an extension of the SCIM User schema so the suggested mappings would include the ones from Table 1 above and the additional mappings in Table 2 below. This is the suggested mapping strategy for all SCIM schema extensions.

*Suggested lambda mapping between SCIM EnterpriseUser schema extension and FusionAuth User where `schema` is `urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:extension:enterprise:2.0:User`*
|SCIM EnterpriseUser Attribute | FusionAuth User property |
| --- | --- |
|`costCenter` |`user.data.extensions[schema].costCenter` |
|`department` |`user.data.extensions[schema].department` |
|`division` |`user.data.extensions[schema].division` |
|`employeeNumber` |`user.data.extensions[schema].employeeNumber` |
|`manager.displayName` |`user.data.extensions[schema].managerDisplayName` |
|`manager.$ref` |`user.data.extensions[schema].managerURI` |

## Configuration

In order for FusionAuth to accept requests from SCIM clients, you need to perform a few one time configuration steps.

- You need to enable SCIM support for your tenant.
- You need to define your incoming request and outgoing response lambdas for each the supported SCIM resource types (User, Enterprise User, Group)
- You will need to verify that the default SCIM schemas provided match your desired SCIM schema for each of the SCIM resource types or provide your own.
- You will need an Entity defined for each SCIM client and SCIM Server. [Default entity types](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/entity-management#scim-configuration) are provided for you. You can create the entities from those default types or create your own types.

### Permissions

<ScimServerPermissions />

## FusionAuth SCIM API Endpoints

In order to use FusionAuth as your SCIM provisioning server for SCIM clients, you will need to call the correct FusionAuth SCIM API endpoint. FusionAuth provides endpoints for retrieving, creating, replacing, and deleting SCIM [Users](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7643#section-4.1), [EnterpriseUsers](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7643#section-4.3), and [Groups](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7643#section-4.2).

See the [SCIM API Overview](/docs/apis/scim/) for details about the supported endpoints.

## Adding Registrations

With SCIM, users are provisioned. They are not registered for applications within FusionAuth.

Options to automatically add a registration to a new user include:

* Listen for the [user.create.complete](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/user-create-complete) webhook and add the registration using an API call on the receiver.
* Make an API call registering the user to an application from the [SCIM User Response Converter lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/scim-user-response-converter) which is called after the user is created. Ensure this idempotent as the lambda will be called any time the user is updated as well.
* If you enable self service registration for your application, and the user logs in to the application, they will be automatically registered for the application. [Learn more](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/registrations#registrations-and-self-service-registration).

## SCIM Client Authentication

FusionAuth requires the token from a completed Client Credentials grant for SCIM server authentication, as mentioned above. The token generated from the grant is used in the `Authorization` header as a `Bearer` token.

However, some SCIM clients can't dynamically complete a client credentials grant. Instead, they need a static authorization header value.

<Aside type="caution">
 Please note that it is very risky to use a long lived token.  If at all possible you should be directly integrating the client credentials grant with your SCIM client.

  If your SCIM client does not support the client credentials grant, and you then need to create a long lived token you should be aware of this inherent risk. This long lived token becomes an API key that you cannot revoke.
</Aside>

To correctly integrate with such clients, do the following:

* Optionally change the JWT duration of the SCIM Client Entity Type to a larger value, such as a year, which is `31536000`. The generated JWT will not be able to be revoked, so pick a duration that balances the security risk with the effort of updating the JWT in the SCIM client configuration (Azure AD/Microsoft Entra ID, Okta, etc).
* Gather the Client Id of the SCIM Client, the Client Secret of the SCIM Client, and the SCIM Server Client Id. These values are available from the respective Entity details screen.
* Determine the SCIM permissions you want to grant the SCIM Client.
* Perform the Client Credentials grant manually using a tool like curl (see below for an example).

```shell title="Performing the Client Credentials grant for a SCIM Client."
# This curl script grants all SCIM permissions to the client via the JWT.
# Edit the scope below if you need restricted permissions for this token.
SCIM_CLIENT_CLIENT_ID=...
SCIM_CLIENT_CLIENT_SECRET=...
SCIM_SERVER_CLIENT_ID=...
FUSIONAUTH_HOSTNAME=https://local.fusionauth.io # update this

SCIM_ENTITY_PERMISSIONS='scim:enterprise:user:create,scim:enterprise:user:update,scim:user:update,scim:group:read,scim:group:create,scim:enterprise:user:delete,scim:group:delete,scim:group:update,scim:user:delete,scim:enterprise:user:read,scim:user:create,scim:user:read'

curl -u $SCIM_CLIENT_CLIENT_ID:$SCIM_CLIENT_CLIENT_SECRET $FUSIONAUTH_HOSTNAME/oauth2/token \
--data-urlencode "grant_type=client_credentials" \
--data-urlencode "scope=target-entity:$SCIM_SERVER_CLIENT_ID:$SCIM_ENTITY_PERMISSIONS"
```

This script will return JSON, including an `access_token` value.

```json title="Sample JSON returned from the Client Credentials grant."
{
  "access_token": "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCIsImd0eSI6WyJjbGllbnRfY3JlZGVudGlhbHMiXSwia2lkIjoiZWQzNzU4NThkIiwidXNlIjoic2NpbV9zZXJ2ZXIifQ.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.ZHqaZAn9SFJ10HGfvQ1ACLS3ys8JjzH1W_Cmgq_hOOU",
  "expires_in": 3599,
  "scope": "target-entity:70f195ba-0729-4b20-b07a-db8b6914acc4:scim:enterprise:user:create,scim:enterprise:user:update,scim:user:update,scim:group:read,scim:group:create,scim:enterprise:user:delete,scim:group:delete,scim:group:update,scim:user:delete,scim:enterprise:user:read,scim:user:create,scim:user:read",
  "token_type": "Bearer"
}
```

Place the `access_token` in the authorization header configuration field of your SCIM client.

<Aside type="caution">
When the token expires, the SCIM integration will fail. Document how to regenerate the token and update the client configuration.
</Aside>

Learn more about [the Client Credentials grant](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/#example-client-credentials-grant).

## Limits

<ScimLimits />

# Okta SCIM Client

import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';

This is a basic example to get started configuring Okta as a SCIM client and establish a connection between FusionAuth and Okta for provisioning purposes.

For complete documentation, please refer to the [Okta provisioning documentation](https://help.okta.com/oie/en-us/Content/Topics/Apps/Apps_App_Integration_Wizard_SCIM.htm).

To configure the integration, in your Okta Dashboard, find your Application configured for provisioning and click on the *Provisioning* tab of the Application configuration.

Select *Integration* from the left *Settings* navigation menu, and find the required configuration fields.

<Aside type="caution">
  This screenshot is an example only. The preferred integration is to use client credentials so that you do not need to create a long lived token.

  If at all possible you should be directly integrating the client credentials grant. Using a long lived token becomes an API key that you cannot revoke.

  If your SCIM client authentication only allows for a token and does not directly support the client credentials grant, we would recommend that you programatically generate and rotate the access token by using an API to ensure that you are not creating very long lived access tokens for a SCIM client.
</Aside>

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/scim/okta-scim-client-credentials.png" alt="Okta SCIM Provisioning Integration" width="1200" />

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Enable API integration">
    Check this box to enable the following two fields.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="SCIM 2.0 Base Url">
    Set this value equal to the FusionAuth SCIM tenant URL found in the Tenant view dialog.

    For example, if the base URL for FusionAuth is `https://piedpiper.com`, your SCIM URL will be `https://piedpiper.com/api/scim/resource/v2`
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="OAuth Bearer Token">
    This value will be set using the access token generated using the client credentials grant for the SCIM client entity and the SCIM server entity. [Learn more about getting the access token.](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/scim#scim-client-authentication)
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

# SCIM-SDK

import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';

This guide shows how to integrate a SCIM client, built using the open source [SCIM-SDK Java Library](https://github.com/Captain-P-Goldfish/SCIM-SDK), with FusionAuth.

## Prerequisites

In order to work through this guide, you'll need a few things already set up.

* A FusionAuth instance, running version 1.36.8 or greater. [Learn more about various ways of installing FusionAuth](/docs/get-started/download-and-install).
* A license. You can [learn more about licensing here](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/licensing). SCIM requires an enterprise license. Learn more about [options](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/plans-features) and [pricing](/pricing).
* git, to download the SCIM client.
* Maven3 and a modern version of Java, to run the SCIM client. The below instructions were tested with Java 17.

## FusionAuth Configuration

In order for FusionAuth to accept requests from SCIM clients, it must be properly configured as a SCIM server. To do so, follow the steps below.

### Entity Types

Review or create the required entity types. These entity types will be present if you installed FusionAuth via the Setup Wizard. However, they will not be present if you have used [Kickstart](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/kickstart).

If these entity types are present, skip to [Entities](#entities) unless you want to learn more about the entity types and permissions.

#### Add the Server Entity Type

First, add the SCIM server. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Entity Management -> Entity Types</Breadcrumb>. Select the <Breadcrumb>Add SCIM Server</Breadcrumb> option.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/scim/add-scim-server-entity-type.png" alt="Add the SCIM server entity type." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

This entity will, by default, have the following permissions:

* `scim:enterprise:user:create`
* `scim:enterprise:user:delete`
* `scim:enterprise:user:read`
* `scim:enterprise:user:update`
* `scim:group:create`
* `scim:group:delete`
* `scim:group:read`
* `scim:group:update`
* `scim:resource-types:read`
* `scim:schemas:read`
* `scim:service-provider-config:read`
* `scim:user:create`
* `scim:user:delete`
* `scim:user:read`
* `scim:user:update`

Remove permissions if you never want your SCIM server to support an operation. For example, remove `scim:user:delete` to disable user deletion by any clients accessing this SCIM server. Set the name of the entity type to an appropriate value, such as `SCIM Server`.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/scim/adding-scim-server-entity-type-details.png" alt="The details page when adding add the SCIM server entity type." width="1200" />

#### Add the Client Entity Type

Next, create a SCIM client entity type. Unlike the server, this entity type doesn't have any permissions. Instead, this is the type representing SCIM client applications. Such applications provide user and group data to the SCIM server to be provisioned.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/scim/add-scim-client-entity-type.png" alt="Adding the SCIM client entity type." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Give this entity type an appropriate name such as `SCIM Client`.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/scim/adding-scim-client-entity-type-details.png" alt="The details of the SCIM client entity type." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

After you have set up or verified the existence of these two types of entities, the next step is to set up the individual entities, representing the actual SCIM server or client applications.

### Entities

You need to set up at least two entities: an instance of the SCIM server and the SCIM client. Then, you must grant permissions on the SCIM server to the SCIM client.

You may have as many SCIM clients and servers as you would like, but typically you will have at most one SCIM server per tenant. For each SCIM interaction, only one server can be specified.

To add the entities, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Entity Management -> Entities</Breadcrumb> and create a new entity using the <InlineUIElement>+</InlineUIElement> button.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/scim/add-scim-server-entity.png" alt="Adding a SCIM server entity." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Make sure the new SCIM server entity has the <InlineField>Entity type</InlineField> of the SCIM server entity type outlined above. Give it a name as well.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/scim/adding-scim-server-entity-details.png" alt="The details of the SCIM server entity." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

After you save the entity, you'll be presented with a list of existing entities. The next step is to add another entity for the SCIM client application.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/scim/add-scim-client-entity.png" alt="Adding a SCIM client entity." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Similarly to the SCIM server entity you just created, make sure this entity has the <InlineField>Entity type</InlineField> of the SCIM client entity type outlined above. Since you may have more than one SCIM client, a descriptive name for this entity is especially important.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/scim/adding-scim-client-entity-details.png" alt="The details of the SCIM client entity." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Next, manage the client entity to grant the correct permissions to the server entity. Do so by clicking the black button on the entity listing page next to the client entity.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/scim/list-view-highlight-manage-button.png" alt="The manage button for the SCIM client." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Click the <InlineUIElement>Add</InlineUIElement> button to begin the grant adding process.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/scim/client-grant-add-page.png" alt="The Add Button lets you add grants." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Search for the SCIM server by entering the name of the entity you created above in the search box. Select the correct entity.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/scim/client-grant-search-page.png" alt="Searching for the correct SCIM server entity." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Next, add permissions. You may grant one or more SCIM permissions to the client application. These permissions will be included in the authentication process to obtain the appropriate level of access. 

The SCIM server entity will be in the <InlineField>Name</InlineField> field. Select permissions you'd like this client to have. Below, the ability to read and create users is granted. This client may neither delete nor update users.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/scim/granting-scim-client-permissions-on-scim-server.png" alt="Granting permissions on the server to the client." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Finally, you need to record the client Id of the SCIM server and the client Id and secret of the SCIM client. These will be used by the SCIM client Java application, which uses the SCIM-SDK project and is examined below, to provision users.

You can see the Ids by looking in the list view.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/scim/getting-ids-for-scim-client-and-server.png" alt="Finding the Ids for the entities." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

To find the client secret for the SCIM client entity, view the details screen. You can navigate to the details screen by clicking on the <InlineUIElement>View</InlineUIElement> button (the magnifying glass) from the entity list page.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/scim/scim-client-id-secret.png" alt="Determining the client secret for the SCIM client." width="1200" />

### Request and Response Lambdas

Next, we need to review the lambdas. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Lambdas</Breadcrumb>. You should see four lambdas prefixed with "SCIM".

There are two sets of default lambdas, one for users and one for groups. Each set of lambdas has one lambda for incoming requests and one for outgoing responses. You can use the same lambda for both User and EnterpriseUser resources, or you can use different ones.

Lambdas can transform requests and responses, register users for applications, make HTTP requests to external APIs, and contain other business logic. [Learn more about the different lambdas](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/), including their arguments.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/scim/scim-lambdas-list.png" alt="A list including the default SCIM lambdas." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

You may edit and modify lambdas as needed, but for the purposes of this document, the default lambdas work fine.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/scim/scim-user-request-default-lambda.png" alt="The default SCIM user request lambda." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

After you have verified the lambdas will work for your needs, enable and configure SCIM in the tenant settings.

### Tenant Configuration

Prior to this, you have configured everything required to enable SCIM for a FusionAuth tenant. 

To do so, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Default Tenant</Breadcrumb>. Edit the tenant and then navigate to the <Breadcrumb>SCIM</Breadcrumb> tab. Once you've checked the <InlineField>Enabled</InlineField> field, you'll see all the SCIM settings.

Configure the following details:

* The <InlineField>Client entity type</InlineField> should be the client entity type you previously created: `SCIM Client`.
* The <InlineField>Server entity type</InlineField> should be the client entity type you previously created: `SCIM Server`.
* The <InlineField>User request lambda</InlineField> should be the default lambda of the correct type.
* The <InlineField>User response lambda</InlineField> should be the default lambda of the correct type.
* The <InlineField>Enterprise User request lambda</InlineField> should be the default lambda of the correct type.
* The <InlineField>Enterprise User response lambda</InlineField> should be the default lambda of the correct type.
* The <InlineField>Group request lambda</InlineField> should be the default lambda of the correct type.
* The <InlineField>Group response lambda</InlineField> should be the default lambda of the correct type.

You can leave the <InlineField>Schemas</InlineField> field blank; a default schema will be provided.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/scim/tenant-scim-settings-after-configuration.png" alt="A configured tenant's SCIM settings." width="1200" />

Each of these settings is documented in detail elsewhere. [Review detailed documentation about the Tenant SCIM settings](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenants#scim). 

## The SCIM Client Application

Next, create a command line SCIM client Java application. This application will use the open source [SCIM-SDK Java library](https://github.com/Captain-P-Goldfish/SCIM-SDK) to interact with the FusionAuth SCIM server. 

Clients are the source of user information, so this client will be able to create, list and retrieve a user in FusionAuth.

The [entire source code is available](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-scim-integration). Below you'll download, configure and run it.

Before you configure the application, clone the repository and compile it:

```shell title="Compiling the example SCIM client application"
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-scim-integration && \
cd fusionauth-example-scim-integration && \
mvn compile
```

### Configure the Application

You'll need to modify the application by editing the `src/main/java/io/fusionauth/example/scim/ScimExample.java` file using the text editor or IDE of your choice. 

Search for the text: `change these`. You'll see something similar to the below code.

<RemoteCode title="Configuration to change for the example" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-scim-integration/main/src/main/java/io/fusionauth/example/scim/ScimExample.java" lang="java" tags="scimConfiguration" />

You need to update the various constants:

* Update `FUSIONAUTH_HOST` with the URL pointing to your FusionAuth installation, such as `http://localhost:9011`.
* Update `SCIM_SERVER_ENTITY_ID` with the Id of the entity with the type `SCIM Server` created above. This represents the FusionAuth server. If you didn't record this, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Entity Management -> Entities</Breadcrumb> and copy the Id from the list of entities.
* Update `CLIENT_ID` with the Id of the entity with the type `SCIM Client` created above. This represents this Java program. If you didn't record this, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Entity Management -> Entities</Breadcrumb> and copy the Id from the list of entities.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/scim/getting-ids-for-scim-client-and-server.png" alt="Finding the Ids for the entities." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

You may also optionally update `EXISTING_USER_ID` with the Id of any user in your FusionAuth system. Find one by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb> and viewing the details of a user. If you don't update this constant, you won't be able to retrieve a user.

Optionally update `CREATED_USER_LOGIN_ID` with a unique username. This will be the username of the created user. If you don't modify this value, the default username will be used.

The other constants may be left unchanged, unless you want to experiment with changing permissions or setting a different password for created users.

### Run the Application

The application can be run in three modes:

* `get` which retrieves a single user
* `list` which lists up to five users 
* `create`, which adds a new user

Let's create a new user and then check to see that the user was added.

To run the program, to recompile it to ensure the changes above are picked up.

```shell title="Recompiling the sample application"
mvn compile
```

Then, run it. You need to provide two arguments to the application. The first is the client secret for the SCIM client entity. This value, along with the client Id, will be used to authenticate the SCIM client before the SCIM APIs are called. If you didn't record this, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Entity Management -> Entities</Breadcrumb>, view the details of the SCIM Client entity, and copy the secret.

Then, run the command below, with the value of `YOUR_CLIENT_SECRET` updated to the real value, such as `i2kN2KFBPKKj3FsxfilPXDDreBUskn2Sl-27QbQRYQM`.

```shell title="Running the sample application"
mvn exec:java -Dexec.mainClass="io.fusionauth.example.scim.ScimExample" \
-Dexec.args="YOUR_CLIENT_SECRET create"
```

You'll see the output of the sample application, which should look something like this.

```shell title="Output of sample application"
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] ---------------< io.fusionauth.example:scim-integration >---------------
[INFO] Building scim-integration 0.0.1
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- exec-maven-plugin:3.0.0:java (default-cli) @ scim-integration ------
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  1.259 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2022-07-05T09:42:03-04:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
```

If you navigate to <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb> in the administrative user interface, you will see the new user has been added.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/scim/new-user-added.png" alt="New user added via SCIM." width="1200" />

### Examine the Application

Let's look at two parts of the example application: the SCIM client authentication and the method that creates the user.

To authenticate a SCIM client in FusionAuth, the [client credentials grant](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/#example-client-credentials-grant) is performed, including requesting any needed SCIM permissions. The resulting access token is then used as a bearer token in the SCIM API request, by including it in the `Authorization` header. The token generation happens in the `getCredentials` method.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-scim-integration/main/src/main/java/io/fusionauth/example/scim/ScimExample.java"
            lang="java"
            title="The getCredentials method"
            tags="getCredentials" />

The `create` operation first builds a user object and then calls the SCIM-SDK provided `scimRequestBuilder.create` method, which posts to a SCIM server; in this case, the FusionAuth server receives the request.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-scim-integration/main/src/main/java/io/fusionauth/example/scim/ScimExample.java"
            lang="java"
            title="The createUser method"
            tags="createUser" />

The list and get operations of this client application similarly build the request and use the SCIM-SDK library to make a SCIM compliant request. As noted above, you can view, download and run the client application by cloning the [GitHub repository](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-scim-integration).

Congrats! You've configured FusionAuth as a SCIM server and created a SCIM client that can provision users with SCIM.

## More Information

* See [What is SCIM](/blog/what-is-scim) for a gentle introduction to SCIM.
* See the [SCIM Overview](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/scim) for details about SCIM.
* See the [SCIM API Overview](/docs/apis/scim/) for details about the supported endpoints.
* See the [Tenants SCIM Overview](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenants#scim) for details about SCIM Tenant settings.

# Advanced Registration Forms

import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import AvailableSince from 'src/components/api/AvailableSince.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import RegistrationsSelfService from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_registrations-self-service.mdx';
import AdminUserForm from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_admin-user-form.mdx';
import AdminUserRegistrationForm from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_admin-user-registration-form.mdx';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

Advanced registration forms let you build multi-step custom registration and admin user management forms for your applications. 

## What Are Advanced Registration Forms?

Advanced registration forms let you build powerful, multi-step, custom registration experiences with no coding required.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/built-out-advanced-form.png" alt="Example of built out advanced registration form." width="1200" />

You might be interested in this feature if you use the FusionAuth themed login pages for your application and the default self service registration form doesn't meet your needs. Advanced registration forms can help if you want to separate a form into multiple steps, verify identities before user creation, verify identities before user creation, gather user consent, or have the user provide app-specific data.

If you are building your own login and registration pages using the [APIs](/docs/apis), you can still use the form builder in the administrative user interface, but you will have to generate the user facing HTML from the configured form data and recreate any front end logic. You may want to consider using the themeable hosted login pages instead.

## How Do I Use Advanced Registration Forms?

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

Here's a video showing setup and use of the advanced registration forms feature.

<YouTube id="wte-NDXHE8I" />

To use advanced registration forms, you must:

* Create any needed custom form fields.
* Assemble predefined and custom form fields into steps, and steps into a form.
* Configure an application to use the form for self service registration.
* Theme the form (optional, but highly recommended).

## What is the Difference Between Advanced and Basic Registration Forms

FusionAuth has two types of registration forms: basic and advanced. Both of these options allow you to enable self service registration in your application. The basic option is available in all plans of FusionAuth, including Community.

Basic registration is limited to a single step and offers minimal configuration. You may mix and match from the following user data fields:

* Birthdate
* First name
* Full name
* Last name
* Middle name
* Mobile phone
* Preferred languages

Any displayed fields can be required for successful registration. You can choose to use an email, phone number, or a username for your login identifier. A password field is displayed and required.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/basic-registration.png" alt="Basic registration." width="1200" />

This is a solid registration page; you can collect information and at the end the user will be associated with the application in FusionAuth and be able to sign in. The look and feel of the registration form can be themed. Validation is limited to having fields be required, though you can also implement additional validation in theme managed client side JavaScript.

Basic registration forms have a subset of the functionality of advanced registration forms. With advanced registration forms, in addition to registering a user to an application, you can also:

* Collect additional profile data and store it in FusionAuth.
* Validate any field on the server in a variety of ways, including matching a regular expression.
* Use more complicated fields, such as consents and confirmation fields.
* Break a registration process into a series of less imposing steps.
* Verify user identities before creating the user.

## Set Up

To use advanced registration forms, you must have a valid license key. Please visit [our pricing page](/pricing) to review paid plan options and buy a license.

Next, you need to activate the license. Before that, ensure that your FusionAuth instance has outbound network access. To activate, follow the steps outlined in the [Reactor documentation](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/licensing).

## Building an Advanced Form Registration Flow

Let's create a form for a fictional real estate application. When someone registers, the application should collect the minimum home price and maximum home price that the user is looking at. You'll also need to collect other, more typical, data, such as an email address. This guide will walk through creating a form to collect the following profile information:

* Email
* Password
* First name
* Phone number
* Free form geographic area where they are looking to buy
* Minimum house price
* Maximum house price

Some of these fields are available in every FusionAuth installation, but some are custom. Before you create a form, first create any non-standard form fields. 

### Create Form Fields

The following fields are available by default:

* Email
* Phone number
* Username
* Password
* First name
* Middle name
* Last name
* Full name
* Mobile phone
* Birthdate

If you need additional fields, you must create them. To do so, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Form Fields</Breadcrumb>. You'll see a list of the above default fields, any existing custom fields and a button to create new ones.

You can mix and match any fields listed here on a form. If what you need is already defined, there's no need for any custom form field creation. But if not, create a new form field.

#### Custom Form Fields

The real power of advanced registration forms comes when you add custom fields. You can add as many of these as you'd like. 

You may store data in any of the predefined user fields such as `user.fullName`. But you can also use the `data` field on both the `registration` and the `user` objects to store data. 

`user.data` is the right place to store information related to a user's account which is not application specific. If you wanted information that multiple applications might use, such as a current mailing address, that would be best stored in the `user.data` field.

Store data related to a user's account and specific to an application in `registration.data`. As a reminder, [a registration](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/registrations) is a link between a user and an application defined in FusionAuth.

Since you are building a real estate app, the minimum house hunting price point of the user is only useful to this application. Therefore, storing the data in `registration.data` is the right approach. If you were later to build a mortgage application, there would be different fields, such as loan amount sought, associated with that registration. 

Now that you have decided where to store the custom profile data, you should create the fields.

First, add a minimum price field. Configure the form field to have a data type of `number` and a `text` form control. The user's minimum price point is really useful information. Make it required so that a new user can't complete registration without providing a value. Here's what it will look like before saving the configuration:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/minimum-price-form-field.png" alt="Adding the minimum price field." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Add a maximum price field by duplicating the `minprice` field. Use a key of `maxprice`; keys must be unique within the `data` object, `registration.data` in this case. Change the name as well. All other settings can be the same as those of the `minprice` field.

Finally, add a geographic search area custom field. The purpose of this field is to capture where the new user is looking to buy. It'll be a string, but make it optional. Potential users might not have a good idea of where they're interested in looking at homes.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/geographic-area-form-field.png" alt="Adding the geographic area field." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

After saving the above custom fields, if you view the list of fields, you'll see the three new fields. They are now available for the advanced registration form you'll build next. These custom fields can be used for future forms as well.

### Create a Form

The next step is to assemble the form from the form fields. You can mix and match any of the standard, predefined form fields and your custom form fields.

Fields may appear in any order on the form. Arrange them in whatever order makes the most sense for your potential users. You may also add as many steps as make sense. It's a good idea to group similar types of fields together into the same step. 

When you create a new form, you'll see a name field and a button to add steps:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/new-form.png" alt="The blank form, ready to be assembled." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

There are a few rules about advanced registration forms. Each form must have:

* At least one step
* An email, phone number, or a username field in one of the steps
* At least one field on each step (except for verification steps)

To begin building this real estate application form, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Forms</Breadcrumb>. Click the green <Breadcrumb>+</Breadcrumb> button to create a new form.

Add the first step and then the following fields:

* First name
* Email
* Password
* Phone number

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/first-step-form-editor.png" alt="Adding fields to our first step." width="1200" />

Create a second step. Add your custom house hunting parameter fields:

* Geographic area of interest
* Minimum house search price
* Maximum house search price

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/second-step-form-editor.png" alt="Adding fields to our second step." width="1200" />


After you've added these fields to the form, feel free to rearrange the form fields within each step by clicking the arrows to move a field up or down. 

The form configuration specifies steps and field display order within those steps. If you need to move a field between steps, delete it from one step and add it to another. To change field validation, return to the <InlineUIElement>OAuth Configuration</InlineUIElement> section and make your changes. When you're done tweaking the form to your liking, save it.

### Associate a Form With an Application

Once you've created an advanced registration form, the next step is to specify which applications should use this form. Forms can be reused in any application and any tenant.

In addition to specifying the registration form, you'll need to configure a few other options. Assuming you are creating a new FusionAuth application, navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> tab and add one. If you aren't, you'll need to tweak the settings of your existing application.

You must configure a redirect URL; this is where the user is sent when registration succeeds. Navigate to the <Breadcrumb>OAuth</Breadcrumb> tab of your application and enter a valid redirect URL. Though the specifics depend on your application settings, such as whether you require email verification, a user will typically be authenticated at the end of the registration process.

You must configure the application to allow users to register themselves. Otherwise, no users will be allowed to create their own accounts, which means they'll never see the registration form. Navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Registration</Breadcrumb> tab and enable <InlineField>Self service registration</InlineField>. You configure the application to use your registration form by checking the advanced option and selecting the form you created above.

Return to the list of applications. Your form is ready to go. Once you have the registration URL, your users can sign up.

### User Registration

To find the registration URL, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> and then view the application you created. Copy the <InlineField>Registration URL</InlineField>.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/find-registration-url.png" alt="Finding the registration URL." width="1200" />

Now that you have the URL, open up an incognito window or a different browser and navigate to it. The first screen asks for your first name, email address, password and phone number. Each screen also shows how many registration steps there are.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/first-step-no-placeholder.png" alt="The first page of the custom registration flow." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

The second screen displays the custom fields: the minimum and maximum home prices and your area of geographic interest. Click <InlineUIElement>Register</InlineUIElement> to complete your sign up. You'll be sent to the configured redirect URL value and be signed in.

#### The Admin View

Sign into the administrative user interface and navigate to <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb> page. You should see a new account added with the data you filled out. If you go to the <Breadcrumb>User data</Breadcrumb> tab on the new user's account details page, you'll see the custom data as well:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/new-user-data-display.png" alt="The user data tab of the newly registered user." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

### Theming

The form you built has a few rough user interface elements. You can create a better user experience by theming the form.

#### Theming Setup

While you can make the changes outlined below in the administrative user interface, you can also manipulate the theme via the FusionAuth API. To do so, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> API Keys</Breadcrumb> and create an API key. Allow this API key to call all methods on the `/api/theme` endpoint, at a minimum.

Next, create a new theme, since the default theme is read-only. Themes are assigned on a tenant by tenant basis, so you may either change the theme for the default tenant or create a new tenant and assign a new theme to it. This guide will do the former. To do so, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Themes</Breadcrumb>. Duplicate the existing FusionAuth theme. Rename your theme to something meaningful, such as `Real Estate Application`.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants</Breadcrumb> and edit the default tenant. Go to the <Breadcrumb>General</Breadcrumb> tab and update the <InlineField>Login theme</InlineField> setting to the `Real Estate Application` theme.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/update-theme-for-tenant.png" alt="Select your new theme for the default tenant." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

#### Customizing a Theme

Customizing the theme gives you full control over what the user sees. As a reminder, here's what the first step of the registration flow looked like with no theming:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/first-step-no-placeholder.png" alt="The first page of the custom registration flow." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

You are going to add placeholders and labels, but there's a lot more you can do; check out the [theming documentation](/docs/customize/look-and-feel) for more information.

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Themes</Breadcrumb>. Find the theme you created above and copy the Id; it'll be a GUID like `42968bbf-29af-462b-9e83-4c8d7c2d55cf`.

##### Modifying a Theme Via API

To change placeholders or other messages to users such as validation errors, you must modify the messages attribute of a theme. These are stored in a Java properties file format by FusionAuth. You might want to use the API, as opposed to the administrative user interface, to change these messages if you plan to version control them or use automated tooling.

Scripts can help manage updating the messages via API. The below shell scripts assume you are running FusionAuth at `http://localhost:9011`; if not, adjust the endpoints accordingly. These scripts are [also available on GitHub](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-theme-management). To use them, you must have [`jq`](https://stedolan.github.io/jq/) and python3 installed locally.

##### Retrieving a Theme File For Local Editing

To modify these messages, you will first retrieve the messages and store them in a text file. Below is a shell script which converts the JSON response from the API into a newline delimited file:

```shell
API_KEY=<your api key> # created above
THEME_ID=<your theme id>

curl -H "Authorization: $API_KEY" 'http://localhost:9011/api/theme/'$THEME_ID|jq '.theme.defaultMessages' |sed 's/^"//' |sed 's/"$//' |python3 convert.py > defaultmessages.txt
```

The `convert.py` script turns embedded newlines into real ones:

```python
import sys

OUTPUT = sys.stdin.read()
formatted_output = OUTPUT.replace('\\n', '\n')
print(formatted_output)
```

Running this script after updating the API key and theme Id will create a `defaultmessages.txt` file in the current directory. This script downloads only the messages file, but could be extended to retrieve other theme attributes. The `defaultmessages.txt` file contents look like this:

```
#
# Copyright (c) 2019-2020, FusionAuth, All Rights Reserved
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

# ...

# Webhook transaction failure
[WebhookTransactionException]=One or more webhooks returned an invalid response or were unreachable. Based on your transaction configuration, your action cannot be completed.
```

The file is approximately 200 lines in length so the above is an excerpt. Open it in your favorite text editor.

##### Modifying the Messages File

You are going to add both placeholders for the text input boxes as well as custom validation messages. To add the placeholders, add values to the `Custom Registration` section. 

Maintaining sections in this file isn't required since it's not a `.ini` file. However, it's a good idea to change only what is needed and not restructure the entire file. Upgrades to FusionAuth will add more properties and you will have to merge your changes in. Search for the section starting with `Custom Registration forms`.

The keys of the messages file must match the field keys for the registration form.

To add the placeholders for the custom and default input fields, add these lines:

```properties
# ...
user.firstName=Your first name
user.mobilePhone=Your mobile phone num
registration.data.minprice=Minimum home price
registration.data.maxprice=Maximum home price
registration.data.geographicarea=Where are you looking?
# ...
```

To add validation messages, search for `# Custom Registration form validation errors`. You'll add the error messages there.

Each error message takes the form: `[errortype]fieldname`. Look at the `Default validation errors` section to see the list of valid `errortype`s. The field name is the keyname for the field. For example, to display a user friendly error message when required price range information is omitted or invalid, add these properties:

```properties
[invalid]registration.data.minprice=Please enter a number
[invalid]registration.data.maxprice=Please enter a number
[missing]registration.data.minprice=Minimum home price required
[missing]registration.data.maxprice=Maximum home price required
```

These messages are displayed to the user when the minimum or maximum prices are `invalid`. Because these fields have the `number` datatype, they are `invalid` any time the user input is not a number, but missing when the empty string is provided. 

If any of the values added to `defaultmessages.txt` contain a double quote, escape it: `\"`. Since the file will be eventually turned into a quoted JSON attribute and sent to the API, an unescaped double quote is invalid JSON and will cause the API call to fail.

##### Updating the Messages

After `defaultmessages.txt` has been changed, it needs to be converted to JSON and sent to FusionAuth. The following script updates a FusionAuth theme's `defaultMessages` attribute:

```shell
API_KEY=<your api key>
THEME_ID=<your theme id>

FILE_NAME=out.json$$

awk '{printf "%s", $0"\\n"}' defaultmessages.txt |sed 's/^/{ "theme": { "defaultMessages": "/' | sed 's/$/"}}/' > $FILE_NAME

STATUS_CODE=`curl -XPATCH -H 'Content-type: application/json' -H "Authorization: $API_KEY" 'http://localhost:9011/api/theme/'$THEME_ID -d @$FILE_NAME -o /dev/null -w '%{http_code}' -s`

if [ $STATUS_CODE -ne 200 ]; then
  echo "Error with patch, exited with status code: "$STATUS_CODE
  exit 1
fi

rm $FILE_NAME
```

To load the new messages, run this script in the directory with the modified `defaultMessages.txt` file. Visit the registration URL in your incognito browser and see the changes:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/first-step-with-placeholder.png" alt="The first page of the registration form with the correct messages added." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

#### Adding Form Labels

You can customize your field display more extensively by modifying macros used to build the registration form. You can edit these directly in the administrative user interface. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Themes</Breadcrumb> and edit your theme. Click on <InlineUIElement>Helpers</InlineUIElement> and scroll to the bottom. You'll be modifying the `customField` [FreeMarker macro](https://freemarker.apache.org/).

The macro is a series of if/then statements executed against every custom field as the user interface is generated. The macro examines each field definition and creates the correct HTML element. For instance, a `password` field will be rendered as an HTML input field with the type `password`. 

To add a label to each field, after `[#assign fieldId = field.key?replace(".", "_") /]`, add this:

```
<label for="${fieldId}">${theme.optionalMessage(field.key)}:</label>
```

Open an incognito window and go through the registration flow again. You should see labels for both steps. These label values are pulled from your message bundles.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/first-step-with-placeholder-and-labels.png" alt="The first registration step with labels." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

This gives you a glimpse of the full flexibility of FusionAuth themes. You can use the power of Apache FreeMarker, ResourceBundles, CSS, and JavaScript to customize and localize these pages. Check out the [theme documentation](/docs/customize/look-and-feel) for more.

### Reading the Data

The registered user's profile data is available via the FusionAuth APIs, in the standard user fields, `user.data`, and `registration.data`. It is also available for viewing, but not editing, in the administrative user interface. 

To enable users to modify their profile data, you'll have to build a profile management application. The application will let users log in or register. After a user has been authenticated, it will display their profile information. 

Because the application profile data, such as the home price ange, isn't standard, you can't use an OAuth or OIDC library to retrieve it. Instead, you must use the FusionAuth APIs. To do so, you'll need to create an API key and then use either the API or one of the [client libraries](/docs/sdks) to access it.

This interface should be integrated with the rest of your application, but this guide will build an example in python and flask. You can view the [example code here](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-flask-portal).

#### Creating an API key

Go to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> API Keys</Breadcrumb>. Create an API key. Configure these endpoints to be allowed:

* `/api/user/registration`: all methods
* `/api/form`: `GET` only
* `/api/form/field`: `GET` only

Here's the relevant section of the example application:

```python
# ...

@app.route('/', methods=["GET"])
def homepage():
  user=None
  registration_data=None
  fields = {}
  if session.get('user') != None:
    user = session['user']
    fusionauth_api_client = FusionAuthClient(app.config['API_KEY'], app.config['FA_URL'])
    user_id = user['sub']
    application_id = user['applicationId']
    client_response = fusionauth_api_client.retrieve_registration(user_id, application_id)
    if client_response.was_successful():
      registration_data = client_response.success_response['registration'].get('data')
      fields = get_fields(fusionauth_api_client)
    else:
      print(client_response.error_response)
  return render_template('index.html', user=user, registration_data=registration_data, fields=fields)

# ...
```

This home page route examines the `user` object, which was returned from the successful authentication. It pulls off the `sub` attribute, which is the user identifier and looks something like `8ffee38d-48c3-48c9-b386-9c3c114c7bc9`. It also retrieves the `applicationId`. 

Once these are available, the registration object is retrieved using a FusionAuth client. The registration object's data field is placed into the `registration_data` variable and passed to the template for display. The helper method, to be examined below in more detail, is also called and whatever it returns is made available to the template as the `fields` variable.

Here's the `get_fields` helper method:

```python
# ...

def get_fields(fusionauth_api_client):
  fields = {}
  client_response = fusionauth_api_client.retrieve_form(app.config['FORM_ID'])
  if client_response.was_successful():
    field_ids = client_response.success_response['form']['steps'][1]['fields']
    for id in field_ids:
      client_response = fusionauth_api_client.retrieve_form_field(id)
      if client_response.was_successful(): 
        field = client_response.success_response['field']
        fields[field['key']] = field
  else:
    print(client_response.error_response)
  return fields
# ...
```

This function looks at the form and retrieves ids of all fields on the second step: `['form']['steps'][1]`. It then retrieves the configuration of each field. 

The code then adds that form field configuration information to a dictionary, with a key of the field `key`. A field key looks like `registration.data.minprice`. This dictionary is used to build attributes of the update form, which is created later. This helper would need to be modified to loop over multiple steps if you had more than one step collecting profile data.

Here's the update form processing route:

```python
# ... 
@app.route("/update", methods=["POST"])
def update():
  user=None
  error=None
  fields=[]
  fusionauth_api_client = FusionAuthClient(app.config['API_KEY'], app.config['FA_URL'])
  if session.get('user') != None:
    user = session['user']
    user_id = user['sub']
    application_id = user['applicationId']

    client_response = fusionauth_api_client.retrieve_registration(user_id, application_id)
    if client_response.was_successful():
      registration_data = client_response.success_response['registration'].get('data')
      fields = get_fields(fusionauth_api_client)
      for key in fields.keys():
        field = fields[key]
        form_key = field['key'].replace('registration.data.','')
        new_value = request.form.get(form_key,'')
        if field['control'] == 'number':
          registration_data[form_key] = int(new_value)
        else:
          registration_data[form_key] = new_value
      patch_request = { 'registration' : {'applicationId': application_id, 'data' : registration_data }}
      client_response = fusionauth_api_client.patch_registration(user_id, patch_request)
      if client_response.was_successful():
        pass
      else:
        error = "Unable to save data"
        return render_template('index.html', user=user, registration_data=registration_data, fields=fields, error=error)
  return redirect('/')
# ... 
```

This code retrieves the user's registration object. It updates the `data` object with new values from the profile update form, perhaps transforming a field from a string to a different datatype if required. Currently only the `number` type is transformed, but could be extended to handle `boolean` or other data types. After the object has been updated, a `PATCH` request is made. This updates only the `data` field of the user registration.

Here's an image of the portal in action:

{/*  fix dark mode/incognito mode at some point */}

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/flask-app-screen-shot.png" alt="The user profile portal." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

You can view the [example code here](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-flask-portal), which includes templates and the login and registration links as well as the above profile modification code.

## Editing User Data In The Admin UI

<Aside type="version">
Available Since Version 1.20.0
</Aside>

Advanced user registration forms add custom data to your users' profiles. However, what happens when that profile data needs to be modified? You can write code against the APIs to modify it, but using a custom admin form is easier. You don't have to write any code, only configure a form or two.

There are two types of profile data:

* User data, which is associated with the user. This could be in standard fields such as `user.birthDate` or custom data fields in `user.data`.
* Registration data, associated with the user's registration to an application. This could be in standard fields such as `roles` or custom data in `registration.data`.

Each of these types of profile data has an admin form associated with it. Admin user forms are associated with the tenant and admin registration forms are associated with an application. 

The default user and registration editing forms ship with FusionAuth and are implemented using this functionality. They can easily be replaced by your own custom forms suited to your business needs.

### How To Use A Custom Admin Form
 
There are a few steps to using custom admin forms:

* Determine if you are going to create a custom registration form, user form or both.
* Consider data sources for each field of the profile. It could be user registration, API calls from other systems, or manually entered by an admin. Should some data be protected from admin modification?
* Create custom fields if needed. This is where you'd set the data type, form control and validation rules.
* Assemble the fields into a form, including possibly organizing them into sections.
* Update the tenant or application, as appropriate, to use the form.

Let's walk through each of these.

#### Custom Registration Form or Custom User Form

To determine if you are going to create a custom admin registration form, custom admin user form or both, think about where the data should be stored.

If the profile information is useful for more than one application which the user might log in to, then the data should be stored on the user. You could put it in a custom field (`user.data.somefield`) or repurpose one of the standard user fields. 

For instance, for the real estate search application built above, a boolean value indicating that someone is a current client would be good to store on the user. Data stored as `user.data.currentClient` would be helpful for many applications. Some examples of functionality you might build based on this value: 

* For a search application, display additional information to current clients or add a CTA for past clients.
* For a mortgage application, display additional interest rate or program information.
* Trigger a welcome email when someone becomes a client.

If, on the other hand, your data is useful only to a specific application, associate it with a registration. An example of that is the `registration.data.minprice` field created above. 

The minimum and maximum price points someone is searching for only apply to the real estate search application. Such data won't be useful for other applications.

#### Profile Data Sources

Next, consider where the data will come from. You have three main source of profile data:

* The user registration; when a new user signs up
* API calls to modify the profile data using the [User APIs](/docs/apis/users) or [Registration APIs](/docs/apis/registrations).
* The admin forms, used in the FusionAuth backend.

Think about what profile data will come from each source. For example, the user's email address will typically come from their registration. The date of their closing might come from an external scheduling system. And the current client status should be set by a customer service rep or realtor.

When you know where each field is coming from, you can consider what kind of administrator modifications should be allowed. Some of this user profile data will be submitted by the end user and should be read-only for admin users. 

An example of this would be a data sharing setting; does someone want their data shared with brokerage affiliated companies? Depending on your business rules, you may not want to expose this setting to your admins in the backend FusionAuth user interface. However, more typically, you'll want to allow your admin users to modify most profile data.

There will also be fields which contain profile data not created at user registration time. Some of these may be created or updated by automated processes. Others, for example, a `user.data.notes` field, will be manually updated by admin users. This field can be used to capture information a user's real estate needs. This field should be updated by customer service reps. New clients certainly won't be providing this information about themselves on registration.

#### Create Custom Fields

If you want any fields in your custom admin forms which are not part of a user registration form you've created, such as the `notes` field mentioned above, you'll need to create a custom field for that data. To do so, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Form Fields</Breadcrumb> and add them.

Here's an example of adding a `user.data.notes` field:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/add-custom-field.png" alt="Adding a custom form field." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

You may use any supported validation rules, form controls or data types. 

Don't forget to add the field names for any new fields to your theme's messages file. Otherwise users in the administrative user interface will see a field name like `user.data.notes` instead of `User notes`.

#### Build the Forms

Next, build the forms. You can use any of the custom or standard form fields previously created.

First, let's add an admin user form. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Forms</Breadcrumb> and add a new form. Make sure that the <InlineField>Type</InlineField> is set to `Admin User`.

Add your form fields and order as needed. Multiple sections help organize the data if you have a large number of fields and want them logically grouped. Here we'll just add the fields we added for user registration as well as our new, admin only, notes field. You'll end up with a form looking similar to this:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/add-admin-user-form.png" alt="Adding an admin user form." width="1200" />

Next up, let's create a custom admin registration form. This will only apply to the real estate search application. To add this form, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Forms</Breadcrumb> and add a new form. Make sure that the <InlineField>Type</InlineField> is set to `Admin Registration`.

Add your form fields, ordering them as needed. Add multiple sections if desired. Again, this is typically a good idea if you have a large number of fields and want to logically group them. Below, the three custom registration fields added for user registration have been added to this form: Geographic Area, Minimum Price and Maximum Price. If you are doing the same, you'll end up with a form looking similar to this:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/add-admin-registration-form.png" alt="Adding an admin registration form." width="1200" />

Next up, you'll need to associate the admin user form with the tenant, and the admin registration form with the application.

#### Associate the Form(s)

If your form is an admin user form, modify the tenant settings. If, on the other hand, it is an admin registration form, modify the application. In both cases, you can use either the administrative user interface or the API to make the updates. Below you'll see how to make the changes with the administrative user interface.

To change the form used to edit users, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Your Tenant -> General -> Form Settings</Breadcrumb>. Then chose your custom form as the <InlineField>Admin user form</InlineField>:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/associate-admin-user-form.png" alt="Associating an admin user form with a tenant." width="1200" />

To change the admin registration form, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Your Application -> Registration -> Form Settings</Breadcrumb>. Then chose your custom form as the <InlineField>Form</InlineField> value:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/associate-admin-registration-form.png" alt="Associating an admin registration form with an application." width="1200" />

Once you've configured these forms, see how it looks for an admin user to edit a user or a registration by, well, editing a user or registration. These forms will be used both for editing users or registrations as well as adding new users or registrations. Any time you are accessing a user or registration from the FusionAuth administrative user interface, the specified form is used.

### Limiting User Access to the FusionAuth UI

Using custom admin forms lets users access the FusionAuth web interface to manage custom user and registration data. But perhaps you don't want to expose all of the FusionAuth administrative user interface and configuration settings to employees who only need to be able to update user profile data? 

FusionAuth roles to the rescue! The FusionAuth application has over 25 roles which offer fine grained control over its functionality. Whether you want to let people only manage themes or webhooks, consents or lambdas, roles let you lock down access. 

Let's build a user account which will only have user management access. After adding the account, if needed, edit the account's FusionAuth registration and give them the `user_manager` role. With this role, they'll be able to add and update users, but nothing else. To prevent privilege escalation, they won't be able to modify their role or anyone else's, however.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/set-user-role-user-manager.png" alt="Granting a user a role." width="1200" />

Check the `user_manager` checkbox and save the user. Next time they log in to the FusionAuth interface, they'll see only what they have permissions for:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/limited-menu.png" alt="The FusionAuth administrative user interface when viewed with limited privileges." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Log out of your admin account and sign into this user manager account. When you edit a user, you can see the edit screen shows the fields you added to the form above:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/user-edit-screen.png" alt="Editing a user with a custom form." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

The same is true for adding or editing a registration for the application:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/registration-edit-screen.png" alt="Editing a user application registration with a custom form." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

If a user manager edits the URL to try to access other admin areas, they'll see a message letting them know that access is not authorized:

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/unauthorized-access-user-manager.png" alt="Unauthorized access: denied!." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

## Using the API to Manage Forms

You can use the [form fields](/docs/apis/custom-forms/form-fields) and [forms](/docs/apis/custom-forms/forms) APIs to manage advanced registration forms. Using the API allows for migration of form configuration between environments as well as the dynamic creation of registration forms for new applications.

For instance, if you had a private labelled application, you might want to allow an administrator to control which fields were required at registration without allowing them access to the FusionAuth administrative interface. Building a custom interface and calling the FusionAuth APIs to assemble the registration form and associate it with the application would accomplish this.

## Consents

To associate an existing consent with a field, select a <InlineField>field</InlineField> of `Self consent`. See the [Consent APIs](/docs/apis/consents) for more information on user consents. Consents are rendered as a checkbox to the user in the registration from.

The consent field will have a name automatically generated based on the consent identifier. For example: `consents['dd35541d-e725-4487-adba-5edbd3680fb8']`. However, it can be referenced in the theme files. To add a label for the above consent, add this line to your messages file:

```
consents['dd35541d-e725-4487-adba-5edbd3680fb8']=I consent to sharing my data with affiliated companies
```

## Email Localization

Emails are localized based on the user preferred language attributes. [Learn more here about the different ways FusionAuth localizes content](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/localization-and-internationalization).

Using advanced registration forms, you can set this attribute on registration. FusionAuth will then localize any initial emails, such as a password setup or email verification email.

To do so, add a custom field to your form setting the <InlineField>user.preferredLanguages</InlineField> field. You can use the default one that ships with FusionAuth, as below.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/setup-locale-selection.png" alt="Add locale choice to registration form." width="1200" />

This will build a select box with a list of all supported locales. If you'd prefer to limit it to a certain subset, copy the default field and edit the allowed values.

You may also add this as a hidden field and set it via JavaScript if you'd rather not display the dropdown.

## Form Fields and Validation

Making sure user registration data meets your quality requirements is important. FusionAuth provides multiple ways to validate user input during the registration process.

Any validation failure will prevent the user from moving past the current registration step. The theme controls the location and display of error messages. All validation for advanced registration forms are either browser native or server side. If you'd like to add client side validation, you may inject JavaScript validation libraries and code into your login templates.

### Form Control

If your field uses a form control with a limited set of options, such as a radio button or select dropdown, the user will be forced to choose from that set of options. 

Form field control options are documented in the [form field API documentation](/docs/apis/custom-forms/form-fields).

### Data Type

You can configure a form field to use one of the non-`String` data types. Doing so means the form field will require the user to enter data acceptable to that data type. For instance, if a form field has a data type of `Number`, any non-numeric value will result in an error message.

Form field data type options are thoroughly documented in the [form field API documentation](/docs/apis/custom-forms/form-fields).

### The Required Attribute

If a field is configured to be <InlineField>required</InlineField>, a valid value must be provided. Otherwise an empty string is a valid value.

### The Confirm Value Attribute

If a field is configured to have a <InlineField>Confirm value</InlineField>, a second input field of the same type and control will be added to the form. This confirmation field will be displayed just below the original field, but the location can be customized by modifying the theme. 

The form will fail validation unless the same value is entered in both fields.

### Regular Expression Validation

If <InlineField>Validation</InlineField> is enabled, a regular expression must be specified. The user input will be matched against the regular expression and validation will fail if it doesn't match. See the [Java Regular Expression documentation](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/regex/Pattern.html) for more information on how to build such a regular expression.

### Lambda Validation

If you need to perform more complex validation of the registration form, use this lambda [Self-Service Registration Validation lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/self-service-registration). If you are on a plan which includes HTTP Lambda Connect, you can also make fetch calls to external APIs if needed to validate a registration.

## Special Considerations

### Pre-verification

<AvailableSince since="1.62.0" />

Advanced registration forms can be used to verify users' identities before user creation. See [Email Identity Pre-Verification](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/identity-pre-verification-using-email) and [Phone Identity Pre-Verification](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/identity-pre-verification-using-phone) for more details.

### Searching on User Data

All data stored in the `registration.data` and `user.data` fields is indexed if you are using the Elasticsearch search engine. You may use the [User Search API](/docs/apis/users) to search against these values.

For example, if you wanted to find all the users with a `minprice` value between 50000 and 100000, you could use this Elasticsearch query:

<JSON title="Example JSON for the query parameter to search for users with a given house hunting price range" src="users/search-registration-data-range-query.json" />

### Adding Required Fields Later

Once you enable self service registration, the authentication flow is:

```
Authorize -> Complete Registration -> Redirect
```

Every time a user authenticates using the hosted login pages, FusionAuth ensures their registration is complete.

If you add a required field to the application's registration form after users have registered, the next time one of the users authenticates using the hosted login pages, they'll be sent to the registration form to fill out the required field. The <InlineField>OAuth complete registration</InlineField> template will be used in this scenario.

If you have required registration fields and the user authenticates via a single sign-on method, such as Google or SAML, and all the required fields are not provided, then the user will be dropped into your registration form.

You can avoid this for users logging in with an Identity Provider by providing all required profile fields in a lambda.

<Aside type="note">
    Any <InlineField>Email verification</InlineField> or <InlineField>Phone verification</InlineField> steps that exist on a registration form will be ignored when completing registrations for existing users. Verification requirements for existing users are enforced with gating. See [Gate Users Until They Verify Their Email
    ](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/gate-accounts-until-user-email-verified) or [Gate Users Until They Verify Their Phone Number
    ](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/gate-accounts-until-user-phone-verified) for more details.
</Aside>

### Modifying an Existing Form Field

You cannot change the underlying field, control or data type of an existing form field. Other attributes may be modified. 

If you need to change the data type or form control of a field, create a new one. Duplicate the form field and update the form to use the duplicate.

<Aside type="caution">
Changing data types for the same underlying key into `registration.data` or `user.data` is problematic if you are using Elasticsearch and may require manual updates of the index. It is recommended that you change the key name if you must change the data type of a form field.
</Aside>

For example, if you wanted to modify the real estate search form to have the minimum price be a drop down instead of a numeric input field, duplicate the existing form field and modify the control. Then update the form to use the new form field. 

### Registration With Other Identity Providers 

If you have an advanced registration form, but allow for a user to register with an external identity provider, such as Facebook or Active Directory, FusionAuth will drop the user into the registration flow after the external provider returns.

Assume you've enabled the Facebook identity provider and allowed for registration with that provider. Also, assume you've created a registration form with three steps. The first step contains optional fields, and the second step contains required fields.

After a user signs up with Facebook, they'll be dropped back into the registration flow on the second step. They'll be required to complete the registration from the second step onward before they are fully registered.

### Hidden Fields

You may create form fields in an advanced registration form that capture information about a user, such as a referrer, using hidden fields.

To do so:

* create the form field. You can set the cont
* add it to the form
* modify your theme to not display the form field

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/hidden-field.png" alt="Example of hidden form field." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Modify the Freemarker code which generates the registration form to do this. The `customField` macro generates the HTML, so you could modify it like so:

```plaintext title="Generating a hidden field"
[#if field.key == "user.data.referrer"]
  <input id="user_data_referrer" type="hidden" name="user.data.referrer">
[/#if]
```

Note that the field Id has all periods replaced with underscores. That is expected by the form processing logic.

Set the field value using JavaScript:

```javascript title="Setting a hidden field"
document.getElementById("user_data_referrer").value = "value";
```

### Self-Service Registration and Registrations

<RegistrationsSelfService />

## Customizing The Admin UI Forms

You can also use custom form fields and forms to tailor your admin UI.

### The User Form

<AdminUserForm />

### The Registration Form

<AdminUserRegistrationForm />

# Anonymous Users

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

A "stub" user profile, also known as an **anonymous user**, is a pattern to allow your users to build up profiles gradually before requiring identifying information such as an email address or username. This is a common pattern with business to consumer or gaming applications, where you want to lower friction as much as possible.

In this guide, you'll be creating anonymous users whenever a user visits a page to watch the video. The video is about [ChangeBank](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CXDxNCzUspM), the global leader in making change.

In this case, you will record how many times a user visited the video page. You could also capture other data, such as how long this video was watched, when it was visited, or anything else you want to record. Users can also sign up on the viewing page and set a password via an email. The number of times the user watched the video will be preserved in the user account.

This guide will cover the important concepts and code, but won't be a step by step tutorial.

You can find [the full code here](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-anonymous-user) if you want to grab it and explore the code yourself. The repository includes a Kickstart file to get FusionAuth correctly configured in one command.

The example requires the following prerequisites:

* Docker for running FusionAuth
* Python3.8 or later

## Setting Up Anonymous User Support

Tracking a user without any identifying information isn't supported by the FusionAuth hosted login pages, so you'll be building on top of the FusionAuth APIs. The APIs allow you to extend FusionAuth to meet specific or atypical needs for your identity store.

This guide uses Python to interact with the APIs, but you can use any of the supported [client libraries](/docs/sdks/) or the [REST API](/docs/apis/).

To track anonymous users and allow them to convert to regular users, you'll need to:

* Set up an API Key with the appropriate permissions
* Set up an anonymous user profile based on behavior on the site
* Store the anonymous user Id on the device
* Update the stub user profile when the user takes an action, such as viewing a page
* Build a conversion page when the user wants to sign up with an email address to enable more personalized functionality

There are four types of users in this solution:

* an unknown user is a regular website visitor who has not yet taken an action which will create an anonymous user account
* an anonymous user has a shadow account in FusionAuth which can track actions, but doesn't have access to that account
* a converted user has set up a password and email address, but previously had an anonymous account
* a regular user is either a converted user or an unknown user who has registered

## Creating The API Key

Since you are using the FusionAuth APIs to create and update user data, you'll need to create an API Key. This is a high privilege secret and should be treated with care. Actions it will enable:

* creating the anonymous user account
* reading and updating the user's data
* issuing a special JWT to safely place the user Id in a browser cookie
* triggering a forgot password flow

To create the key, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> API Keys</Breadcrumb> and create a new API Key. The key needs to have the following permissions:

* `/api/user`: `GET`, `POST`, `PATCH`
* `/api/jwt/vend`: `POST`
* `/api/user/forgot-password`: `POST`

Now that you've set up the API key, make sure it is available to the application via a secrets manager or environment variable. You can then create a FusionAuth client like this.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-anonymous-user/main/complete-application/server.py"
            lang="python"
            tags="createFusionAuthClient" />

## Create The Anonymous User

Next, determine when to create the anonymous user account. The best time is when a user first takes an action worth recording. In this example, that occurs when they visit the video page.

When that happens, make an API call to create a user. Because FusionAuth requires a login identifier (either an email or a username) and a password, you'll have to provide those. Use long random values for these fields so they are unguessable. You'll be accessing the account via the Id and the user won't be logging in, so random values are fine.

Here's the user creation logic, from the route which serves up the video page.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-anonymous-user/main/complete-application/server.py"
            lang="python"
            tags="createUser" />

You can see code checks to see if an anonymous account exists by checking for a cookie. If not, a new user is created with the relevant data attributes. The Id of the user is then extracted. You'll need to save that off. All future interactions will be keyed off this Id.

## Saving The Id

After the anonymous profile is created, you need to store the Id, which is a [UUID](/docs/reference/data-types#uuids). This value should be sent down to the user's device. If this is a web application, a `Secure`, `HttpOnly` cookie is a good storage option.

The value of the cookie can be one of the following.

* the plaintext Id value
* a JSON Web Token (JWT) containing the Id
* an encrypted value

Which you choose depends on your use case. The security risk with the plaintext value is that anyone with access to the cookie can try different Id values to modify the profile of another user. Attackers may notice the anonymous cookie format and try to probe your system in other ways using scripts. This may be an acceptable risk in low-value accounts.

An encrypted value ensures that no one can read the Id except the system which created it. This requires effort and key management.

A JWT is a middle ground. It requires less effort than encrypting the Id, but eliminates the risk of account probing, since any JWT that is tampered won't be valid. That is the approach this guide will take. 

Here's the code to create the JWT and store it in a cookie.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-anonymous-user/main/complete-application/server.py"
            lang="python"
            tags="createJWT" />

You can then store the JWT. You can do so in a persistent secure, `HttpOnly` browser cookie, or, if the device is a mobile application, in a shared preferences file.

<Aside type="note">
You can also add more information to the JWT. Depending on how your application is architected, you may want to replicate the format of a JWT which would be generated by a full account login.
</Aside>


## Presenting The Token

Your client side application should then present the token representing the stub profile every time it interacts with your application to persist or read a preference. At a high level, the process is:

* read the JWT
* validate it
* read the Id
* retrieves the user information from the User API
* updates the user profile data

In this example, the `watchCount` is incremented each time the video page is viewed. Here's the code to do so.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-anonymous-user/main/complete-application/server.py"
            lang="python"
            tags="readJWT" />

The user Id is retrieved from the cookie, then the user is looked up. If the user Id is not found, something is wrong and processing stops. Otherwise, the anonymous user profile is updated.

It's also worth looking at the `get_anon_user_id_from_cookie` method, which is what gets the `user_id`.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-anonymous-user/main/complete-application/server.py"
            lang="python"
            tags="getAnonUserIdFromCookie" />

Here the JWT is retrieved from the cookie. It is also validated using the [authlib JWT decoder](https://docs.authlib.org). If validation fails, someone is messing with the JWT value and no processing should occur.

## Converting To A Full User

After a period of time, the user may want to register. Behind the scenes, this process is different from a normal self-service registration because you're converting an anonymous account to a full user profile. However, for the user, it is a simple registration. You may prompt them to register based on time of game play or actions they've taken. Encourage them to register if they want to play across devices or require them to do so to gain access to features.

<Aside type="note">
You'll also want to handle the case where an unknown user wants to register.

In that case, redirect to your normal registration flow.
</Aside>

For the purposes of this example, you are going to allow the user to convert to a full account by clicking a link any time they want to, rather than forcing registration based on business logic.

A conversion process looks like this:

* The user chooses to convert their account by providing an email address
* The application retrieves the user Id
* The application updates the user account with the email address
* The application triggers a forgot password email

Here's code that does this.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-anonymous-user/main/complete-application/server.py"
            lang="python"
            tags="registerAnonymousUserRoute" />

### The Forgot Password Workflow

Make sure that you always confirm the user owns the email address which they are entering. Otherwise, a malicious actor could enter any email address, which may lead to unwanted escalation.

Since you can only have one forgot password email template per user, you can provide a `state` value specifying this forgot password workflow was started by an anonymous user conversion, and then use logic in the email template.

Here's the example email template with the logic with a `[#if state.anon_user??]` statement.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-anonymous-user/main/kickstart/email-templates/forgot-password.txt.ftl" />


### Cleaning Up After Full Conversion

After the forgot password workflow is completed, the user should be prompted to log in. At this point, the anonymous user has been fully converted to a regular user account, and you can undertake any cleanup that is needed.

There are two [webhook](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/) events you could listen for and process cleanup after.

The first is [password change](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/password/user-password-update). This is the cleanest option, because when a user has changed their password, they have indicated control of the email address, but this is only available on the Enterprise plan.

The second is the [successful user login event](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/password/user-password-update). Here, you examine the user who is logging in and see if they have any anonymous user attributes. Since an anonymous user can't log in, because they have a random username and password, this event will never be triggered for that type of user.

This guide will use the latter option. You'll need to [create and register the webhook](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/#add-webhook), which can be done via admin UI or API.

Here's the webhook code.

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-anonymous-user/main/complete-application/server.py"
            lang="python"
            tags="cleanupAnonymousUserRoute" />

This examines the incoming event to see if it is a login success. It then checks if the user is a newly converted user, as indicated by a value of `user.data.anonymousUser`. If these are all true, then the user is updated to set `anonymousUser` to `false`. For this guide, that is indication that the user has been converted to a regular user.

At this point, the user has a full fledged user account with a known login identifier and password, as well as the profile data that they've provided when they were an anonymous user.

## Querying For Users

When you create a user and put values in `user.data`, you can query those values later. Running such queries helps you understand how many anonymous users you have, what these anonymous users are doing, how many people convert to full accounts, and more.

In this example, the `user.data` object looks like this.

```json
{
  "data" : {
    "anonymousUser" : true,
    "watchCount" : 2
  }
}
```

You can run queries to see how many anonymous users there are or how many actions they've taken. Run such queries using the [User Search API](/docs/apis/users#search-for-users).

For more examples of searching users, see the [Searching Users With Elasticsearch guide](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search/user-search-with-elasticsearch).

## Limitations

Creating anonymous users as outlined in this guide has some limitations.

* Creating an anonymous user counts as a [monthly active user](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/users#what-makes-a-user-active), which may affect your cost if you have a paid plan. Any updates to a user will not trigger an MAU.
* If a user removes the cookie or logs in from a different device, they will not have access to the anonymous profile.
* You may end up with a large number of stub accounts, depending on when you create them. You use the User Search APIs to find anonymous accounts that have not been updated for 30 days and delete those accounts.

# Self-service Registration

import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import RegistrationsSelfService from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_registrations-self-service.mdx';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

Self-service basic registration forms let you quickly and simply add signup functionality to your application.

## What Are Basic Registration Forms

Basic registration forms let you get user registration up and running quickly and simply with no coding required.

![Example of built out basic registration form.](/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/register-new-user.png)

You might be interested in this feature if you have a straightforward registration process, where all you need are a few pieces of common user information to register a new user. Basic registration forms are a single step.

This is also called self-service registration, because visitors can create an account on their own, with no action required from you.

If you are building your own login and registration pages using the [APIs](/docs/apis/), you can still use the basic registration setup in the administrative user interface, but you will have to generate the user facing HTML from the configured form data and recreate any front end logic. You may want to consider using the themeable hosted login pages instead.

Here's a video showing setup and use of the advanced registration forms feature.

<YouTube id="kvn9bj1tTV8" />


## How Do I Use Basic Registration Forms?

To use basic registration forms, you must:

* Create an application.
* Enable and configure registration on the application.

## Building a Basic Form Registration Flow

Let's create a basic registration form for an application that requires:

* Email
* Password
* First name
* Optional last name

These fields are already available in the set of basic registration fields in every FusionAuth installation, and only need to have their <InlineUIElement>Enabled</InlineUIElement> and <InlineUIElement>Required</InlineUIElement> switches toggled.

We'll go through the entire process, from creating a new application in FusionAuth, to registering a new user.

### Create a new FusionAuth Application

In order to register a user, you must have first installed FusionAuth and created an Application.

A guide to getting started with installing FusionAuth is provided in the [Getting Started Guide](/docs/get-started/).

A tutorial for creating an Application is provided in the [Applications Overview](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications). Once the Application has been created, you can set up the basic registration options.

### Configuring Basic Registration

To set up Basic Registration, navigate to the Applications tab, and select the "Edit" icon to open the edit page.

Then navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Registration</Breadcrumb> tab. Scroll down to the <InlineUIElement>Self Service Registration</InlineUIElement> section. Toggle the <InlineUIElement>Enabled</InlineUIElement> switch on.

The "Type" radio button should have "Basic" selected. Leave it on this setting.

You can toggle on the <InlineUIElement>Confirm Password</InlineUIElement> switch to ask the user to enter their password twice when creating an account to ensure it is captured correctly.

Leave the "Login type" radio button set on "Email".

Then set the "Registration Fields" as follows:

- First name: "Enabled" and "Required" on.
- Last name: "Enabled" on and "Required" off.

Set all the other fields to "Enabled" off.

The settings should now look like this:

![Basic Registration Settings](/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/basic-registration-settings.png)

### Register a User

Now that the application has been configured, you can register a user. Navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Applications list</Breadcrumb> page. Click on the green button with the magnifying glass icon next to your application to open the details popup.

Scroll down to the "Registration URL" item, and copy the URL.

![Register URL](/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/registration-url.png)

Open the URL in a new tab, and follow the instructions to register a user.

![Register a new user](/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/register-new-user.png)

The page specified by the "redirect_uri" in the "Registration URL" is the page that your users will be redirected to when they click the <InlineUIElement>Register</InlineUIElement> button. This can be configured on the <Breadcrumb>OAuth</Breadcrumb> tab of the application. You can have more than one.

After registering, you should receive an email with a verification link. Click the link to verify the user.

### View the User
After you have registered a user, you can view the user in the FusionAuth user management interface. Navigate to the <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb> page in the sidebar.

You should see the newly registered user in the list.

![New user listing](/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/new-user-listing.png)

## Advanced Registration Forms

Basic self-service registration can meet many requirements. Advanced self-service registration forms are a paid feature that allows a bit more flexibility including the ability to collect custom user data at registration and more.

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

With advanced registration forms, in addition to allowing a user to register for an application, you can also:

* Collect additional profile data and store it in FusionAuth.
* Validate any field on the server in a variety of ways, including matching a regular expression.
* Use more complicated fields, such as consent and confirmation fields.
* Break a registration process into a series of less imposing steps.

A guide to setting up advanced registration forms is provided at [Advanced Registration Forms](/docs/lifecycle/register-users/advanced-registration-forms).

## Self-Service Registration and Registrations

<RegistrationsSelfService />

# Register Users

Registration lets you control which users have access to which applications in a tenant (authorization), in contrast to authenticating a user. [Learn more about these concepts.](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/authentication-authorization)

You have a number of options for registering users. 

## Self-service Registration

You can enable self-service registration, which lets users create accounts without any interaction from your team. There are two kinds of self-service registration:

* [Basic](/docs/lifecycle/register-users/basic-registration-forms), which is included in the Community plan and lets you capture a limited number of fields on one page
* [Advanced](/docs/lifecycle/register-users/advanced-registration-forms), which requires a paid plan and lets you capture unlimited fields on multiple pages

If any user in a tenant logs into any application with self-service registration enabled, they will automatically have a registration created for that application.

## Federation Using Identity Providers

If you allow users to log in to an Application with an [Identity Provider](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers), you can register the user at the time of login. This is controlled using the `createRegistration` attribute on the Identity Provider.

## Using The APIs

You can register users using the [User Registration APIs](/docs/apis/registrations). There's [a guide here](/docs/lifecycle/register-users/register-user-login-api). 

This is a good choice if you want to embed registration into your application and don't want to use the FusionAuth hosted login pages. The hosted login pages offer pre-built workflows, but if you need custom workflows, the APIs will allow you maximum flexibility.

## Special Situations

### Anonymous Users

You capture data about anonymous users using the [User APIs](/docs/apis/users). There's [a guide here](/docs/lifecycle/register-users/anonymous-user) walking through the use case in detail.

This is helpful when you want to avoid account creation to minimize friction, but still allow users to customize their experience.

### Progressive Registration

You can also implement progressive registration with FusionAuth. In this case, you'd use one of the above options to collect minimal user profile data to get users into your application with as little friction as possible.

Then, you'd use the [User APIs](/docs/apis/users) or [User Registration APIs](/docs/apis/registrations) along with custom screens in your application to collect additional information.

# Register A User And Login

import ListHostedLoginPagesUseCases from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_list-hosted-login-pages-use-cases.mdx';

This page explains how to register a user and authenticate them to use an Application using the FusionAuth APIs or the hosted login pages.

## Register a User

In order to register a User, you must have first created an Application.  A tutorial for creating an application is provided in the [Application overview](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications). Once the Application has been created, you are ready to call the API to register a User.

There are two APIs that can be used to create the User and then create a Registration for that User in the Application you create. In most cases you will want to create the User and register them in a single step. This can be accomplished by calling the [`/api/user/register` (combined) API](/docs/apis/registrations#create-a-user-and-registration-combined).

However, you can also create the User and then register them for the Application in separate API calls. This method would make use of the [`/api/user` API](/docs/apis/users#create-a-user) followed by a call to the [`/api/user/register` API](/docs/apis/registrations#create-a-user-registration-for-an-existing-user). We recommend using the single API call, but in some cases, calling the APIs separately is preferred.

You can also allow accounts to be created with [basic self-service registration](/docs/lifecycle/register-users/basic-registration-forms) or [advanced self-service registration](/docs/lifecycle/register-users/advanced-registration-forms). With this approach, FusionAuth hosts the registration forms and pages.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/register-new-user.png" alt="Example of built out basic registration form." width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />

## Log in a User

Once you have created a User and registered them for an Application, you can authenticate them by calling the [Login API](/docs/apis/login). That will return a JWT and other User information as documented.

A user can also log in via the [hosted login pages](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/integration-points/#hosted-login-pages). These use the Authorization Code grant or a SAML flow. FusionAuth owns the user interface for authentication in this scenario.

<img src="/img/docs/lifecycle/register-users/login-page.png" alt="Example of login form." width="1200"  role="bottom-cropped" />

## Should I Use the APIs or the FusionAuth Hosted Login Pages

In general the hosted login pages are recommended. They are [customizable and localizable with themes](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/) and when used, FusionAuth is the only server side system to see sensitive user information like credentials. In other words, you are delegating authentication and authorization entirely to FusionAuth.

They also include a number of common workflows, including, but not limited to:

<ListHostedLoginPagesUseCases />

The reason to use the APIs is to give you full control over the workflow, user experience, and look and feel of your login and registration functionality. Reasons include:

* You don't want to use a webview for authentication on a mobile application.
* You need a custom user registration flow not supported by FusionAuth, such as directing a user to different registration flows based on their email address.
* You have an existing application that already handles login and you want to continue to use it as the "front door" to your app.

# FusionAuth Cluster Setup

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import DowntimeUpgradeLimitations from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_downtime-upgrade-limitation.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import SharedState from 'src/content/docs/operate/deploy/_shared-state.mdx';
import TroubleshootingRuntimeModeMismatch from 'src/content/docs/get-started/download-and-install/_troubleshooting-runtime-modes-at-startup.mdx';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

FusionAuth is stateless and typically CPU bound. Clustering FusionAuth nodes improves performance and redundancy. You can run as many FusionAuth nodes in a cluster as you'd like.

<SharedState />

FusionAuth can be run in multiple architectures; see the [Server Layout](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/reference/server-layout) documentation for more.

## Using Clustered FusionAuth

### Requirements

Before you cluster multiple servers or containers running FusionAuth, prepare your environment. In addition to FusionAuth, you'll need the following components:

* A database. This will be used by all nodes to maintain state. While you could have the database on a node running FusionAuth, you'll see better performance on a dedicated database server.
* A load balancer in front of the FusionAuth nodes. This will distribute traffic between them.
* An Elasticsearch cluster, if using the [Elasticsearch search engine](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/users#user-search). 

This infrastructure must be created and managed when operating a FusionAuth cluster. However, this setup is beyond the scope of this document. 

These instructions assume you have a load balancer, optional Elasticsearch server, and database server already configured.

When building a FusionAuth cluster, consider:

* What load balancer will you use? Software or hardware load balancers both work. You can use a vendor managed balancer like an AWS application load balancer or an open source web server such as nginx. 
* By what algorithm will traffic be distributed? If all the nodes have equivalent capacity, a round robin algorithm is fine.
* Where will you terminate SSL? Typically this is done at the load balancer, but can be done at the FusionAuth nodes.
* What level of security and network isolation do you need? Build the architecture that suits your needs. You can run FusionAuth in a private network and have all HTTP connections proceed through the load balancer, with SSH connections happening through a jump box, for example.
* What version of FusionAuth will you be running? All nodes must be on the same version for correct functionality.
* How will you manage [FusionAuth configuration](/docs/reference/configuration)? All nodes must have the same configuration or undetermined behavior will occur. Ensure that configuration changes are replicated to every node.
* Will you use a custom password hashing plugin? If so, plan to distribute the plugin to every node, distribute to a shared filesystem, or otherwise make it available.
* With a standalone database you must use the [advanced database installation](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/fusionauth-app#advanced-installation) and run the database creation and migration scripts outside of FusionAuth. How will you manage this? Do you have in-house tools you can leverage to do so?

### FusionAuth Installation

User the [advanced database installation instructions](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/fusionauth-app#advanced-installation) to create and populate the FusionAuth database. Add a FusionAuth database user and password. Record the connection information; you'll want a JDBC URL, the username and the password.

Install FusionAuth on each of the servers or containers which you plan to run. You can install the software via RPM, DEB, zip file or [any of the installation methods](/docs/get-started/download-and-install). 

Build your [FusionAuth configuration](/docs/reference/configuration). Double check the following settings (these are shown as the configuration file keys, but the same settings are available as environment variables or system properties):

* `fusionauth-app.url` should typically be blank. You may need to manually specify this value if you have multiple FusionAuth nodes and the only way the nodes can communicate is on a public network. In that case, specify each node's public address.
* Set the `fusionauth-app.runtime-mode` to `production`.
This setting ensures your users will never see maintenance mode.
You want to avoid that because maintenance mode writes database and other configuration information to only one node.
With a cluster, you should always be using `silent` mode with a runtime of `production`.
Ensure your database connection configuration is synchronized across all nodes.
You will have to apply database upgrades out of band, via [FusionAuth's provided database upgrade scripts](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/fusionauth-app#advanced-installation).
* Configure `database.url` with the full JDBC connection string URL recorded above.
* Set `database.username` to the database user name recorded above.
* Update `database.password` as the database password noted above.

Distribute your FusionAuth configuration to all nodes. They must all have the same configuration. You can do this by setting environment variables, Java system properties, or by pushing the `fusionauth.properties` file to each server. If you have a password hashing plugin, make sure it is distributed or available to all the nodes as well.

Restart the instances to ensure configuration changes are picked up.

Add the instance addresses to your load balancer. If you are terminating TLS at the load balancer, proxy the HTTP port, otherwise communicate over the TLS port. Both of these are configurable, but they default to `9011` and `9013`, respectively. 

Configure the load balancer to forward the following headers to FusionAuth:

* `X-Forwarded-Proto`: typically this will be `https`. This ensures any redirects are sent with the appropriate scheme.
* `X-Forwarded-Host`: The original host requested by the client in the `Host` HTTP request header.
* `X-Forwarded-For`: The originating IP address of the client.
* `X-Forwarded-Server`: The hostname of the proxy server.

You can see community submitted proxy configurations in [the `fusionauth-contrib` repo](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-contrib/tree/main/Reverse%20Proxy%20Configurations).

You can learn more about [FusionAuth and proxies here](/docs/operate/deploy/proxy-setup).

#### Troubleshooting Installation

If you have difficulty installing FusionAuth in a cluster, you can set up a cluster with one node. Set up your load balancer to point to only one server, and get this working before adding any other nodes. This will narrow down any issues you may encounter.

### Verification

Verify that the installation is clustered by navigating to <Breadcrumb>System -> About</Breadcrumb>. You'll see multiple nodes listed:

![The about page with multiple nodes](/img/docs/operate/deploy/clustered-about-page.png)

The node which served the request you made has a checkmark in the <InlineField>This node</InlineField> field. `Node 1` served the above request.

You may see incorrect IP addresses for each node if you are using a version of FusionAuth prior to 1.23. This bug doesn't affect clustering functionality. All other information about the nodes is correct.

## Cluster Operation

### Security

While ssh access to each node is helpful for initial installation and troubleshooting, you should not need it during normal cluster operation. Modify your firewall accordingly. 

You may also lock down the FusionAuth nodes to only accept traffic from the load balancer, so that all HTTP traffic goes through it.

### Monitoring

If your load balancer supports health checks, call the [status API](/docs/apis/system#retrieve-system-status). A `GET` request against the `/api/status` endpoint will return a status code. It'll either be `200` if the system is operating as expected or non `200` value if there are any issues with the node.

<Aside type="version">
Available since 1.27, you can use a [Prometheus endpoint](/docs/operate/monitor/prometheus) to monitor your instances.
</Aside>

You can ingest the [system log output](/docs/apis/system#export-system-logs), [event logs](/docs/apis/event-logs) and [audit logs](/docs/apis/audit-logs#export-audit-logs) into a log management system via API calls. 

See the [Monitoring documentation](/docs/operate/monitor) for more information.

### Log Files

<Aside type="version">
Available since 1.16.0-RC1
</Aside>

Should you need to review system log files in the administrative user interface, you can see those by navigating to <Breadcrumb>System -> Logs</Breadcrumb>. Logs for all nodes are displayed there.

See [the Troubleshooting documentation](/docs/operate/troubleshooting) for more information about logs.

### Adding and Removing Nodes

To add more nodes to the cluster, do the following:

* Stand up new FusionAuth servers.
* Provide the same FusionAuth configuration as the existing nodes. In particular, provide the same connection info for the database. 
* Add any custom password hashing plugins, if used. You can either use a shared filesystem or copy the plugin jar file to the correct location.
* Update your load balancer to send traffic to the new node.

To remove nodes, simply:

* Update your load balancer configuration; remove the node that you'll be shutting down. 
* Stop FusionAuth on the node to be removed.
* Verify that the node disappears from the node list displayed at <Breadcrumb>System -> About</Breadcrumb>.

Here's a video covering how to add and remove nodes from a FusionAuth cluster:

<YouTube id="y6bPjqP4Dzk" />

#### "Bye node" Messages

There are two different levels of cluster membership. The first is managed by the load balancer and concerns what traffic is sent to which node. FusionAuth operates a second level of cluster membership for the limited state shared between nodes.

<SharedState />

Each node regularly updates the shared database by updating a row with URL and timestamp information. If a node does not check in, after a certain period it will be removed from the cluster, as far as FusionAuth is concerned.

If that happens you might see a message like this:

```
io.fusionauth.api.service.system.NodeService - Node [abce451c-6c5f-4615-b4eb-c1ae5ccf460c] with address [http://10.0.0.2:9011] removed because it has not checked in for the last [83] seconds. Bye node.
```

While a node is removed from FusionAuth's node list, it will no longer participate in the FusionAuth cluster actions as mentioned above.

This automated removal does not affect load balancer traffic. The load balancer, typically by using a health check, must stop sending a node authentication traffic if it is unhealthy.

### How Many Instances Should I Run?

To determine the number of nodes to run, load test your cluster. Usage, installation and configuration differ across environments and load testing is the best method to determine the correct setup for your situation.

Any commercial or open source load testing tool will work. Alternatively, use [the FusionAuth load testing scripts](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-load-tests). 

If you'd prefer detailed architecture or design guidance customized to your situation, please purchase [a support contract](/pricing).

## Cluster Upgrades

<DowntimeUpgradeLimitations />

## Troubleshooting

### Runtime Mode Mismatch

<TroubleshootingRuntimeModeMismatch />

# Deploy

import ThemeEnvironments from 'src/content/docs/operate/deploy/_theme-environment-management.mdx';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

FusionAuth is a key part of your application infrastructure.
How can you manage changes to the configuration?
How can you promote changes from one environment to another?

## Configuration Management Options

There are a number of options you can use to manage the configuration of your FusionAuth instance over time, as well as to promote changes from one environment (such as staging) to another (such as production).

### Script The Changes

You can script your changes using the API and apply those scripts to different environments. You can either use the API directly or a [client library](/docs/sdks/) in one of the supported programming languages.

This approach is similar to database migration scripts except the scripts make REST calls against the FusionAuth API instead of SQL calls against a database. The scripts are run during upgrades of an application or as a standalone project that other applications depend upon. 

If you are using an application framework such as rails, you can leverage the existing migration framework.

Using this approach gives you full access to the FusionAuth API.

### Terraform

There is an open source terraform provider which allows you to manage FusionAuth using Terraform, an open source infrastructure tool.

Here is the [FusionAuth Terraform provider documentation](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/fusionauth/fusionauth/latest/docs).

There is a [FusionAuth and Terraform guide](/docs/operate/deploy/terraform) which goes into more details about how use these technologies together.

### Pulumi

There is a community supported, open source terraform provider which allows you to manage FusionAuth using Pulumi, an open source infrastructure tool.

Here is the [FusionAuth Pulumi package documentation](https://www.pulumi.com/registry/packages/fusionauth/).

Since it is a community project, it is not as complete as the client libraries. If you find yourself needing to manage something not currently supported, you can contribute to the [project using GitHub](https://github.com/theogravity/pulumi-fusionauth).

{/* TODO example */}

### CLI

You can use the [FusionAuth CLI](/docs/customize/cli) to manage complex configuration such as themes.

### Manual Configuration

You can manually configure FusionAuth via the administrative user interface. Changes made in this manner are recorded in the Audit Log, which you may view by navigating the <Breadcrumb>System -> Audit Log</Breadcrumb>.

However, while this is a good option for testing out new functionality, it is not recommended for production environments, since it depends on humans replicating configuration.

## Options To Avoid

There are some options that you may think will work, but should be avoided.

### Exporting and Importing the FusionAuth Database

If you are self hosting FusionAuth, you could conceivably export the database containing the FusionAuth information and import it into a new environment. You could also directly manipulate settings via SQL statements.

This is unsupported and not advised. The database structure of FusionAuth is not exposed for a reason and may change at any time. It also contains sensitive information such as passwords and user personal information that shouldn't be shared between environments.

### Kickstart

Kickstart is perfect for continuous integration (CI) as it provides full access to the FusionAuth API to configure a test instance however you want.

However, Kickstart works only on fresh installs; it doesn't execute if the instance has previously been configured. This means it doesn't work for managing configuration changes over time.

There is an open issue regarding [Kickstart migrations](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/560), feel free to upvote it.

Learn more about [Kickstart](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/kickstart).

## Other Considerations

### Theme Assets

<ThemeEnvironments />

# FusionAuth and Proxies

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import ProxyTroubleshooting from 'src/content/docs/operate/deploy/_proxy-troubleshooting.mdx';

While FusionAuth doesn't require a proxy, using one offers additional flexibility.

## What Is a Proxy

While the term is overloaded, for the purposes of this document, a proxy is any software which sits between your users and FusionAuth. Some or all requests to FusionAuth then pass through the proxy.

```mermaid title="A typical proxy configuration."
sequenceDiagram

participant u as User Agent
participant p as Proxy
participant f as FusionAuth

u ->> p : Request
p ->> f : Request 
f -->> p : Send page
p -->> u : Send page
```

Proxies can be self-hosted or SaaS. Examples include:

* NGINX
* Apache
* Caddy
* Cloudflare
* CloudFront

FusionAuth should work with any proxy that supports HTTP. If you find a proxy that isn't supported, please [open a GitHub issue with details](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-issues/issues).

## Why Use a Proxy

While you can run FusionAuth without a proxy, there are a number of reasons why you might want one:

* Have different domain names which point to different FusionAuth tenants; the proxy can map between domain names and tenant Ids
* Block or throttle access based on request characteristics such as user agent
* Cache CSS or other static assets for performance
* Display custom error pages for 4xx or 5xx errors ([see this issue for more](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/404))
* Terminate TLS before requests reach FusionAuth
* Add additional request processing logic
* Have FusionAuth requests served from a non-standard path such as `/fa/` ([see this issue for more](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/88))

## How To Use a Proxy

This section won't discuss setting up your proxy or proxy specific configuration. For more on that, please consult your proxy package's or server's documentation. 

To correctly set up a proxy in front of FusionAuth, you must forward all requests to FusionAuth, and you must also set the correct headers. 

### Headers To Set

Below is a list of the headers you must set when using a proxy with FusionAuth. If you do not set these headers correctly, FusionAuth will not function correctly. You may be unable to log in to the administrative user interface, redirect URLs may be sent incorrectly, or other functionality may not work.

*Proxy Headers To Set*
| Header | Example Value | Notes |
| ---- | ---- | ---- |
| `X-Forwarded-Proto` | `https` | Typically this will be `https`, as it is typical to run FusionAuth in production using HTTPS. This ensures any redirects and cookies are sent with the appropriate scheme. This will be the scheme of the proxy server. |
| `X-Forwarded-Host` | `auth.example.com` | The original host requested by the client in the `Host` HTTP request header. This will be the hostname of the proxy server. |
| `X-Forwarded-Port` | `443` | The original port requested by the client. This will be the port of the proxy server. |
| `X-Forwarded-For` | `204.98.1.1` | The originating IP address of the client. This varies and is used for logging IP addresses and [enforcing ACLs](/docs/apis/ip-acl). |
| `X-Forwarded-Server` | `auth.example.com` | The hostname of the proxy server. It should be set by every proxy server in the proxy chain. This may be different from `X-Forwarded-Host` if there are two or more proxy servers. |

Let's say FusionAuth is running at `https://example.fusionauth.io`, and the proxy lives at `https://auth.example.com`. In this case, the headers would have the following values:

* `X-Forwarded-Proto`: `https`
* `X-Forwarded-Host`: `auth.example.com`
* `X-Forwarded-For`: The client IP address
* `X-Forwarded-Server`: `auth.example.com`
* `X-Forwarded-Port`: `443`

Proxies may use different formats to set these headers. For example, IIS requires underscores and you must prepend the header with HTTP. `X-Forwarded-Proto` is `HTTP_X_Forwarded_Proto`. Please consult your proxy server's documentation for more details.

Here is documentation for common proxy servers, describing how to configure these headers:

* [Cloudflare](https://developers.cloudflare.com/rules/transform/request-header-modification/)
* [NGINX](https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_headers_module.html)
* [Apache](https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_headers.html)
* [Caddy](https://caddyserver.com/docs/caddyfile/directives/header)
* [Amazon CloudFront](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonCloudFront/latest/DeveloperGuide/add-origin-custom-headers.html)


### Caching

FusionAuth disallows caching of non-static assets such as HTML pages with the [`Cache-control: no-store` header](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Cache-Control).

Never cache FusionAuth non-static asset responses.

### Common Proxy Configurations

The community has provided a number of example configurations for different proxies. You can [view them in the GitHub repo](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-contrib/tree/main/Reverse%20Proxy%20Configurations).

<Aside type="note">
If you are running version `1.41.0` or later, please make sure your proxy is using `HTTP/1.1` instead of `HTTP/1.0`. We do not support `HTTP/1.0` anymore.

We figured since it has been [supported since 1997](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Basics_of_HTTP/Evolution_of_HTTP), `HTTP/1.1` was a good option.
</Aside>

### Chaining Proxies

If needed, you can have multiple proxies for each request. This may be useful if one proxy handles custom domain names for tenants and another handles error pages.

```mermaid title="A proxy configuration with multiple proxies."
sequenceDiagram

participant u as User Agent
participant p1 as Proxy 1
participant p2 as Proxy 2
participant f as FusionAuth

u ->> p1  : Request
p1 ->> p2 : Request 
p2 ->> f  : Request 
f -->> p2  : Send page
p2 -->> p1 : Send page
p1 -->> u  : Send page
```

With this pattern, every proxy in the chain must have the same value for `X-Forwarded-Host`, the hostname of the initial proxy. The initial proxy is `Proxy 1` in the diagram above.

Doing so allows FusionAuth to set cookies and create redirects correctly.

However, `X-Forwarded-Server` should change as requests pass through each proxy.

### Proxies and Tenants

If you are running [multiple tenants](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenants) in FusionAuth, a proxy can be useful to add the tenant Id to all requests for a given domain or path. Clients use the domain without needing to know or care about the tenant they are interacting with.

Suppose we have with two tenants, Pied Piper and Hooli:

* Pied Piper has an endpoint at `piedpiper.example.com` and a FusionAuth tenant Id of `edfcf8d6-3044-4b5b-a52a-016f17f635d6`.
* Hooli has an endpoint at `hooli.example.com` and a FusionAuth tenant Id of `6fec7aed-cad3-45e0-bade-3c23cbeff070`.

When an API request comes in to `piedpiper.example.com`, the proxy can append an `X-FusionAuth-TenantId` header with the value `edfcf8d6-3044-4b5b-a52a-016f17f635d6`. And, when an API request comes in to `hooli.example.com`, the proxy can append an `X-FusionAuth-TenantId` header with the value `6fec7aed-cad3-45e0-bade-3c23cbeff070`.

When requesting the [hosted login pages](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/integration-points#hosted-login-pages), you can append a `tenantId` query string. Simply add `tenantId=edfcf8d6-3044-4b5b-a52a-016f17f635d6` for all requests to `piedpier.example.com`.

### Locking FusionAuth Down

You may want to allow access to FusionAuth only through the proxy to enhance a defense in depth strategy. There are a few options to do so:

* At the network level, using firewalls.
* Using FusionAuth's IP ACL feature (only available in the Enterprise plan).

In either case, disallow traffic to FusionAuth not originating from the proxy.

## Trusting Proxies

When running behind a proxy, FusionAuth uses the `X-Forwarded-For` header to resolve the client's IP address. To prevent man-in-the-middle attacks or IP spoofing via the `X-Forwarded-For` header, FusionAuth allows you to specify a list of trusted proxies. See the [networking configuration](/docs/operate/secure/networking) section for more information.

## Troubleshooting

<ProxyTroubleshooting />

## Proxying Requests From FusionAuth

This guide covers proxying requests *to* FusionAuth, in order to add a layer of indirection between your users and FusionAuth. The benefits are listed in [Why Use a Proxy](#why-use-a-proxy).

If you are self-hosting, you can also proxy requests *from* FusionAuth, such as [webhooks](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/) or [connector requests](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/connectors/). You can read more about that in the [Configuration Reference](/docs/reference/configuration). Look for the `proxy.*` configuration values. This functionality is not available in FusionAuth Cloud.

## FusionAuth Cloud Instances

The latest FusionAuth Cloud Instances will use [Server Name Indication (SNI)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Name_Indication) to negotiate a TLS connection. If you are using a proxy in front of your FusionAuth instance, ensure it supports the use of SNI for TLS connections. Additionally, to allow for proper TLS certificate handling, the `Host` header should be set to the domain name of your FusionAuth instance (e.g. `example.fusionauth.io`).

## Limits

There are no limits on using a proxy with FusionAuth.

You can use a proxy with self-hosted FusionAuth or with FusionAuth Cloud.

When using a proxy with FusionAuth Cloud, ensure you have configured DDOS and other protections correctly at the proxy.
FusionAuth Cloud's built-in protection depends, in part, on receiving correct client IP addresses, but a proxy may mask or modify those and render this protection less effective.

# FusionAuth And Terraform

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import JSON from 'src/components/JSON.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import TerraformLimitations from 'src/content/docs/operate/deploy/_terraform-limitations.mdx';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

In this section you'll learn about the open source [FusionAuth Terraform provider](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/fusionauth/fusionauth/latest/), with which you will be able to manage FusionAuth using Terraform, an open source infrastructure as code automation tool.

Since it began as a community project, the provider is not as complete as the [client libraries](/docs/sdks), but it covers the majority of use cases. If you find yourself needing to manage an unsupported resource or configuration, please submit a PR to the [GitHub repository](https://github.com/fusionauth/terraform-provider-fusionauth). PRs are regularly reviewed and merged.

### Types Of Resources

In any FusionAuth system, there are three types of configuration information. 

* Default object with configuration defined by FusionAuth. For example, the FusionAuth admin UI is represented as an Application inside FusionAuth's default Tenant.
* Objects managed by the application developer. Examples of these include any Applications other than the admin UI, Groups, Email Templates and more.
* Self-managed objects. The most common of these is user objects, when users can self-register.

Only the first two are good fits for management by an infrastructure as code tool like Terraform. And the first, since they cannot be created by Terraform, require special handling to import and manage.

## Prerequisites

In order to get the most value from this guide, you should have a running FusionAuth instance and the Terraform CLI installed. If you don't have these set up yet, please review the following documentation:

* The [FusionAuth 5 minute setup guide](/docs/get-started/start-here/step-1) - get a FusionAuth instance running and integrated with an Express application. If you want to use a different technology, please check out [the quickstarts](/docs/get-started/quickstarts/).
* The [Install Terraform](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/tutorials/docker-get-started/install-cli) section in the [Get Started - Docker](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/tutorials/docker-get-started) guide from Terraform walks you through installing the Terraform CLI.

This document has been tested with Terraform 1.5 but should work with any modern version.

You can download all of the terraform files in this guide in the [corresponding GitHub repository](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-terraform).

## Initial Setup

In this section, you initialize the Terraform working directory with a FusionAuth API key.

### The FusionAuth API Key

First, create an API key as described in [Managing API Keys](/docs/apis/authentication#managing-api-keys). Create a superuser key by not selecting any endpoint methods for the key. A super user API key has access to all API endpoints. If you want to limit the operations which can be performed by Terraform, limit the API key to specific endpoints. For this document, a super user API key is assumed.

Copy the key value before pressing the Save button.

If you wanted to set up the key automatically, use [Kickstart](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/kickstart) with a predefined API key. Then you can add this key as a secret in your automated deployment.

<JSON title="Example Kickstart File" src="kickstart/simplest-kickstart.json" />

### Initializing The Working Directory

With the API key from your FusionAuth instance, you need to initialize the Terraform working directory. 

Create a new directory. Any name will do, but for consistency, it is suggested to name it after your FusionAuth instance host name.

```
mkdir auth.example.com
cd auth.example.com
```

You'll use Terraform variables, so create a `variables.tf` file with the following content to declare all the [Input Variables](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/values/variables) used in this example.

<RemoteCode lang="hcl" title="Example Variables File" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-terraform/main/examples/import/variables.tf" />

<Aside type="caution">
For the `fusionauth_api_key` variable, the configuration option `sensitive = true` is set. This will prevent sensitive data being added to the Terraform state.
</Aside>

For the variable definitions, create a `terraform.tfvars` file with the following content and changes:

* Set the `fusionauth_api_key` variable to the value of the previously created API key.
* Set the `fusionauth_host` variable to the hostname of the FusionAuth instance you want to manage. Make sure this value is the full URL including the protocol of your FusionAuth instance. When using docker, this will typically be `http://localhost:9011`.
* The `fusionauth_default_tenant_id` variable can be omitted for now, but you'll update it later.

<RemoteCode lang="hcl" title="Example Variable Definitions" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-terraform/main/examples/import/terraform.tfvars" />

The variable definition with `terraform.tfvars` is only one option for setting these variables. Review the [Assigning Values to Root Module Variables](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/values/variables#assigning-values-to-root-module-variables) documentation for more options.

Next, add the [FusionAuth Terraform Provider](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/fusionauth/fusionauth/latest) configuration in the directory by:

* Opening the [FusionAuth Terraform Provider Documentation](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/fusionauth/fusionauth/latest/docs).
* Clicking the <InlineUIElement>USE PROVIDER</InlineUIElement> button.
* Copying the HashiCorp Configuration Language (HCL) provided.
* Creating a Terraform configuration file named `main.tf`.
* Pasting the copied HCL into that file.
* Adding the previously created variable as `var.fusionauth_api_key` to the `provider` section
* Adding the FusionAuth instance you plan to manage with the `var.fusionauth_host` variable in the `provider` section

Here's a screenshot of the page.

![Downloading the HCL for the FusionAuth provider.](/img/docs/operate/deploy/terraform-provider.png)

Here's what your `main.tf` file should look like at this point.

<RemoteCode lang="hcl" title="Example main.tf File" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-terraform/main/examples/import/main.tf" tags="terraformProvider" />

Finally, the following command prepares the current working directory for use with Terraform.

```shell
terraform init
```

It is always safe to run [`terraform init`](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/init) multiple times, to bring the working directory up to date with changes in the configuration. Though subsequent runs may give errors, this command will never delete your existing configuration or state.

## Choosing A Configuration Strategy

Once you initialize the Terraform working directory, review different initial strategies to handle resource creation.

| Strategy | Advantages | Disadvantages |
| ---- | ---- | ---- |
| import | manage existing resources | some resources don't fully support the Terraform lifecycle |
| data source  | reference existing resources without having to manage them | requires a external process to manage these resources |
| create | always create and be able to manage all resources through Terraform | bigger initial effort and default resources can't be managed |

## Importing Default Resources

Before you create, update, and remove resources with Terraform, let's examine the [Import](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/import) and [Data Source](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/data-sources) functionality.

There are [FusionAuth default configuration elements](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/limitations#default-configuration) present in every FusionAuth instance. If you want to manage changes to these elements via Terraform, you must tell Terraform about them. Or, if you have existing FusionAuth configuration you want to manage via Terraform, import it.

<Aside type="tip">
The most consistent method for managing FusionAuth is to create all resources through Terraform. However, you must use either `Import` or `Data Source` to handle default or existing FusionAuth configuration.
</Aside>

The FusionAuth default Tenant and default Application are two configuration elements that you will almost certainly want to manage via Terraform. There are others outlined in the [FusionAuth default configuration elements](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/limitations#default-configuration) that can be managed using the same methods described below.

### Importing Tenants

The default Tenant is created whenever you install FusionAuth. To manage it through Terraform, you must import this resource. The FusionAuth Application, which is the administrative user interface, is always in this Tenant.

<Aside type="tip">
While you can use the default Tenant for all your Applications, when using Terraform, it is easier to create your own Tenant and create Applications in that Tenant.
</Aside>

As outlined in the [Tenant Terraform Resource documentation](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/fusionauth/fusionauth/latest/docs/resources/tenant), add the following code to `main.tf`.

<RemoteCode lang="hcl" title="Default Tenant Import" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-terraform/main/examples/import/main.tf" tags="defaultTenantImport" />

To make things easier, you only have to update the first Id in the import section with the default Tenant Id. You can find this Id in the FusionAuth admin UI under "Tenants".

![The dashboard of the FusionAuth default Tenant](/img/docs/operate/deploy/default-tenant-id.png)

Replace the value `Replace-This-With-The-Existing-Default-Tenant-Id` with the Tenant's Id, for example `bafb4319-b7ca-ed27-fa2f-bbdba9d8ec06`.

All other UUID definitions are set to `00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000`. You'll find the correct values for the other Ids later. You can use this technique with any resource you want to import into Terraform.

Since you provided a valid Tenant Id, you can let Terraform find the other Ids by searching the plan output for in-place updates. Then update `main.tf` with those values. Do this by running `terraform plan`.

```shell
terraform plan | grep \~
```

Because of the way Terraform works, this plan suggests replacing the UUID definitions for configuration with `00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000`. You don't want to do that, you just used that value to find the **real** UUID values. So, copy the UUIDs to `main.tf` and replace each instance of `00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000` with the correct value.

Here is how the output of the `grep` command might look:

```plaintext
  ~ update in-place
  ~ resource "fusionauth_tenant" "Default" {
      ~ theme_id                           = "75a068fd-e94b-451a-9aeb-3ddb9a3b5987" -> "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"
      ~ email_configuration {
      ~ jwt_configuration {
          ~ access_token_key_id                                = "a39be146-51cb-0288-7806-6eb6c066aed3" -> "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"
          ~ id_token_key_id                                    = "092dbedc-30af-4149-9c61-b578f2c72f59" -> "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"
```

Make sure you copy all those Id's from your output to the `main.tf` file. For example, modify `jwt_configuration` to look like

```hcl
jwt_configuration {
    refresh_token_time_to_live_in_minutes              = 43200
    time_to_live_in_seconds                            = 3600
    refresh_token_revocation_policy_on_login_prevented = true
    refresh_token_revocation_policy_on_password_change = true
    access_token_key_id                                = "a39be146-51cb-0288-7806-6eb6c066aed3"
    id_token_key_id                                    = "092dbedc-30af-4149-9c61-b578f2c72f59"
  }
```

Once appended run [`terraform plan`](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/plan) to check the validity of your configuration. If there is no output, that indicates that the remote FusionAuth configuration and the `main.tf` file are in sync.

<Aside type="tip">
The above configuration is subject to change either due to changes made using the admin UI or version differences. New tenant configuration defaults may be added over time. Carefully check the `terraform plan` output to make sure the imported configuration matches the values in FusionAuth.
</Aside>

When the plan is valid, run [`terraform apply`](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/apply).

```shell
terraform plan
terraform apply
```

You can take the same steps with the FusionAuth Application to import its default configuration into Terraform.

<Aside type="caution">
Once imported, Terraform tracks the Tenant object in your state file. You can then manage the imported resource in the same way as others.

You can't destroy the default Tenant or FusionAuth Application. Attempting to do so will break your Terraform state. See the [Prevent Destroy section](#prevent-destroy) for more details.
</Aside>


Leave the import block in your `main.tf` file as a record of the resource's origin. The import block records that Terraform imported the resource and didn't create it.

## Using Data Sources

Instead of importing a resource, you can use a `Data Source`. The list of supported FusionAuth data sources is in the [Terraform Provider documentation](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/fusionauth/fusionauth/latest/docs).

Data sources are useful if you choose to manage the default Tenant and FusionAuth Application outside of Terraform, either manually or via a script using the [client libraries](/docs/sdks/), but you still need to reference the Tenant or Application. Examples of this include:

* adding Applications in the default Tenant
* associating a JWT signing key with the FusionAuth Application
* setting up an IP ACL to limit access to the FusionAuth Application

Review the [tenant](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/fusionauth/fusionauth/latest/docs/data-sources/tenant) and [application](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/fusionauth/fusionauth/latest/docs/data-sources/application) data source documentation to learn more.

Here's an example of how you might add data sources to your Terraform file:

<RemoteCode lang="hcl" title="A Data Source For The default Tenant" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-terraform/main/examples/data-source/main.tf" tags="defaultTenantDataSource" />

<RemoteCode lang="hcl" title="A Data Source For The FusionAuth Application" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-terraform/main/examples/data-source/main.tf" tags="defaultApplicationDataSource" />

<Aside type="tip">
If you manage the default Tenant and FusionAuth Application outside of Terraform but want specific actions (scripts, API calls, etc.) integrated and triggered by your Terraform configuration, you could use [Provisioners](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/resources/provisioners/syntax). Terraform includes the concept of provisioners as a measure of pragmatism and last resort since provisioners are non-declarative and potentially unpredictable.
</Aside>

Now that you've configured Terraform to handle some of FusionAuth's default configuration elements, let's walk through creating, updating, and removing other resources.

## Creating Resources

To create a new resource review the list of resources available to you in the [FusionAuth Terraform Provider documentation](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/fusionauth/fusionauth/latest/docs). Pick the resource you're interested in. Each resource contains information about required and optional arguments.

For this example, you'll create the following:

* A new Tenant called `Forum`.
* An Application in that Tenant, also called `Forum`.
* Two roles for that Application, `admin` and `user`.
* A token signing key for that Application.
* Email templates for password emails that will be assigned to the Tenant.

### Variables

You'll need to update `variables.tf` to include additional variables.

<RemoteCode lang="hcl" title="Forum Variable" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-terraform/main/examples/create/variables.tf" />

The `fusionauth_default_theme_id` is another constant value across all FusionAuth instances. If you imported or added the default Tenant as a data source, you could also reference the theme Id via that object.

Next, update the `terraform.tfvars` with customizations of those values. It should look similar to the below file, but you'll need to update it.

<RemoteCode lang="hcl" title="Forum Variable Definitions" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-terraform/main/examples/create/terraform.tfvars" />

* Set the `fusionauth_api_key` variable to the value of the previously created API key.
* Set the `fusionauth_host` variable to the hostname of the FusionAuth instance you want to manage. Make sure this value is the full URL including the protocol of your FusionAuth instance. When using docker, this will typically be `http://localhost:9011`.
* The `fusionauth_default_tenant_id` variable should be the UUID of the default Tenant.

### The Terraform File

Next, update the `main.tf` file.

If you haven't worked through the prerequisites above, make sure you add the `required_providers` and `provider` sections.

<RemoteCode lang="hcl" title="main.tf Initial Sections" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-terraform/main/examples/import/main.tf" tags="terraformProvider" />

Then, configure the `Forum` Tenant; this Tenant will contain users and applications.

<RemoteCode lang="hcl" title="Creating A Forum Tenant" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-terraform/main/examples/create/main.tf" tags="createForumTenant" />

Then, configure the signing key. This will be used to sign access tokens for the `Forum` Application.

<RemoteCode lang="hcl" title="Creating A Signing Key" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-terraform/main/examples/create/main.tf" tags="createKey" />

Next, set up the email templates. Because email templates can be long, use the [`file()` function](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/functions/file). You'll need to create files in the `email_templates` directory and give them the same names. Terraform will import these files. 

<RemoteCode lang="hcl" title="Creating An Email Template" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-terraform/main/examples/create/main.tf" tags="createEmailTemplate" />

While the values of the email templates don't matter for this guide, you can find [sample files in the GitHub repository](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-terraform/tree/main/examples/create/email_templates).

Now, create the Application in the Tenant. This configuration represents what users actually log in to.

<RemoteCode lang="hcl" title="Creating A Forum Application In The Forum Tenant" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-terraform/main/examples/create/main.tf" tags="createForumApplication" />

Create the roles for the Application. These roles will be used by the `Forum` Application.

<RemoteCode lang="hcl" title="Creating Roles In The Forum Application" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-terraform/main/examples/create/main.tf" tags="createForumApplicationRoles" />

Finally, get the plan.

```shell
terraform plan
```

Once you're happy with your configuration run `terraform plan`. If you aren't experiencing errors and are ok with the planned changes, run `terraform apply`.

### Where Are The Users?

As mentioned above, Terraform is great for configuring and tracking changes of relatively slow-changing aspects of systems.

With FusionAuth, users typically self-register or are managed dynamically using API calls. Using Terraform to manage them doesn't make much sense.

 Instead, turn on [self-service registration](/docs/lifecycle/register-users/basic-registration-forms), create them [using the User API](/docs/apis/users), or [migrate your users](/docs/lifecycle/migrate-users/).

## Updating Resources

Once a resource is managed by Terraform, you can change the `main.tf` or other Terraform files according to the [Terraform Provider Documentation](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/fusionauth/fusionauth/latest/docs/).

You might decide you want to change the `time_to_live_in_seconds` value for your JWT configuration from `3600` to `1800` seconds. If so, update the configuration element to look something like this:

```hcl
  jwt_configuration {
    refresh_token_time_to_live_in_minutes = 43200
    time_to_live_in_seconds               = 1800
  }
```

After you're done with editing the Terraform file, run `terraform plan` to check the planned changes. Review and fix any errors. Terraform will show you what it will change.

```plaintext
Terraform will perform the following actions:

  # fusionauth_tenant.forum will be updated in-place
  ~ resource "fusionauth_tenant" "forum" {
        id                                 = "ef1f5235-82de-4a2a-b103-4d130fa5f5f2"
        name                               = "Forum"
        # (7 unchanged attributes hidden)

      ~ jwt_configuration {
          ~ time_to_live_in_seconds                            = 3600 -> 1800
```

After review, run `terraform apply`.

If you want to know what already has been defined by Terraform but is not specified in your `.tf` files you can run `terraform show`.

The configuration file can get very large. If you want to show specific resources, list all resources with the `terraform state list` command. Then examine the resource state with `terraform state show <resource-name>`.

### Ignoring Changes

Every time you make changes it is possible that configuration has been updated in your FusionAuth instance manually or via API. While it is best to lock down access so every change runs through Terraform, this isn't always possible.

You can either align your configuration with the installation or decide to [`ignore_changes`](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/meta-arguments/lifecycle#ignore_changes) in your configuration.

Here is an example with FusionAuth resources. Imagine a situation where a business web or mobile app adds data to a FusionAuth Application's `data` field. For example, the app could update the configuration with a curl command to add a `productOwner` or other data.

<RemoteCode lang="shell" title="Example Script To Modify An Application" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-terraform/main/scripts/fusionauth-application-data/script.sh" /> 

<RemoteCode lang="json" title="JSON To Patch An Application" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-terraform/main/scripts/fusionauth-application-data/patch.json" /> 

You will see in the `terraform plan` output that Terraform wants to revert the Application back to the original state.

```plaintext
Terraform used the selected providers to generate the following execution plan. Resource actions are indicated with the following symbols:
  ~ update in-place

Terraform will perform the following actions:

  # fusionauth_application.forum will be updated in-place
  ~ resource "fusionauth_application" "forum" {
      ~ data                                       = {
          - "externalApplication" = "Acme. Customer Support Forum" -> null
          - "productOwner"        = "john@acme.com" -> null
          - "supportHotline"      = "+1-636-555-3226" -> null
        }
        id                                         = "7acaec93-edd4-49a1-82db-602fe8dda23f"
        name                                       = "forum"
        # (12 unchanged attributes hidden)

        # (5 unchanged blocks hidden)
    }

Plan: 0 to add, 1 to change, 0 to destroy.
```

To prevent Terraform from doing this, use `ignore_changes` to tell Terraform to ignore parts of your configuration.

```hcl
resource "fusionauth_application" "forum" {
  tenant_id = fusionauth_tenant.forum.id
  name = "forum"
  lifecycle {
    ignore_changes = [
      data
    ]
  }
}
```

If you're only interested in creating and destroying resources, rather than updating them, you can ignore all changes:

```hcl
lifecycle {
  ignore_changes = all
}
```

## Removing Resources

If you want to remove a resource, comment out or delete the lines defining the resource in your Terraform files. Run `terraform plan` to double check what will be removed. Then run `terraform apply`, which will destroy the resource.

<Aside type="caution">
If you run [`terraform destroy`](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/destroy), be aware that all Terraform managed resources will be destroyed.

Deleting a Tenant removes all the associated Applications, Groups, and Users. If you want to make sure that the Tenant isn't destroyed, see [Prevent Destroy](#prevent-destroy) for more details.
</Aside>

### Prevent Destroy

If you want to make sure that certain resources aren't destroyed, specify the [prevent_destroy](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/meta-arguments/lifecycle#prevent_destroy) lifecycle meta-argument as a measure of safety against the accidental replacement of objects that may be costly or impossible to reproduce. However, using this argument makes certain configuration changes impossible to apply.

```hcl
lifecycle {
  prevent_destroy = true
}
```

A good example of an element to apply `prevent_destroy` to would be a Tenant currently in use. Deleting a Tenant removes all the associated Applications, Groups, and Users. Below, notice that the `Forum` Tenant can't be destroyed.

<RemoteCode lang="hcl" title="Creating A Forum Tenant" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-terraform/main/examples/create/main.tf" tags="createForumTenant" />

You should always apply the `prevent_destroy` same meta-argument for Terraform managed non-deletable resources like the default Tenant and the FusionAuth Application, since Terraform can't delete these anyway.

<RemoteCode lang="hcl" title="Default Tenant Import" url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-example-terraform/main/examples/import/main.tf" tags="defaultApplicationImport" />

## Tips

Here are some general tips about using FusionAuth and Terraform.

* You must create the initial API key manually or via [Kickstart](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/kickstart). Terraform can't bootstrap itself, so this first key has to exist before the provider can authenticate.
* Key Manager API keys cannot be created via Terraform or the API. For security reasons, this is a manual process.
* The Terraform provider isn't always at full parity with the REST API. There is a lag between new releases and Terraform support, though we work to keep it minimal, typically on the order of weeks. If you run into a missing resource or field you need, [let us know](https://account.fusionauth.io/account/support/).
* Claude and other LLMs are useful for generating FusionAuth Terraform config. These work best when paired with [our Docs MCP Server](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/docs-mcp-server), which gives it direct access to the Terraform readme. 
* Terraform is intended for configuration, not transactional data. We recommend managing users and registrations through FusionAuth's APIs, Admin UI, or scripts rather than Terraform.
* Tenants and applications are typically configuration data and most folks manage them with Terraform. Think of it this way: if you set it up once and modify it rarely, and it defines how your system behaves, use Terraform. If configuration is created or updated continuously during normal use, the APIs and/or SDKs are the better fit.
* Identity provider configuration is a bit more nuanced. If IdPs are set up once and rarely change, managing them as configuration data in Terraform makes sense. But if you plan to support customer self-serve IdP setup, either through a custom-built page or through the upcoming IdP onboarding feature in Tenant Manager, those connections become more dynamic and are better managed through the FusionAuth APIs.
* There is a Terraform lambda resource which lets you manage lambda code as IaC (name, type, body, etc.) and we recommend keeping lambdas under version control alongside the rest of your config.

## FusionAuth And OpenTofu

The FusionAuth Terraform provider should work fine with OpenTofu as long as OpenTofu remains compatible with Terraform. If you notice any differences, please open a [GitHub issue](https://github.com/FusionAuth/terraform-provider-fusionauth).

## Limitations

<TerraformLimitations />

# Upgrade FusionAuth

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import ClientLibraryVersioning from 'src/content/docs/operate/deploy/_client-library-versioning.mdx';
import RuntimeModes from 'src/content/docs/get-started/download-and-install/_modes.mdx';
import TroubleshootingUninstallUpgradeReinstallRpm from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_troubleshooting-uninstall-upgrade-reinstall-rpm.mdx';

This document explains how to upgrade FusionAuth on various platforms and distributions.

## When to Upgrade

Upgrading to a newer version of FusionAuth can provide the following benefits:

* access to new features and improvements
* improved performance and stability
* critical security updates and patches

You might want to delay upgrading in the following situations:

* Your current version meets all your requirements.
* You are in the middle of a project or have tight deadlines.
* You have concerns about compatibility with customizations or third-party integrations.

### Being Aware of Upgrade Options

To stay informed about new FusionAuth releases and updates:

* Sign up for [release notifications](/docs/operate/roadmap/releases#release-notifications).
* Watch the [release notes](/docs/release-notes) and the [release notes RSS feed](/docs/releases.xml).
* Join the [FusionAuth community](/community) forum and/or Slack.
* Follow FusionAuth on social media platforms like [BlueSky](https://bsky.app/profile/fusionauth.io) and [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/company/fusionauth).
* Watch the [fusionauth-issues GitHub repository](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues).

## How to Think About Upgrades

Upgrading FusionAuth is similar to upgrading a library that your application depends on.

### Version Changes and Notes

FusionAuth releases come in three flavors: major, minor, and patch.

You can tell what a release is from the rightmost non-zero number in the version: `<major>.<minor>.<patch>`. For example:

* `1.0.0`: major release, may significantly change the API
* `1.63.0`: minor release, may make small changes to the API
* `1.45.1`: patch release, never changes the API

The FusionAuth team provides detailed information about every change in every version, including tying the change back to a GitHub issue. To understand how a version update affects your systems, read the [release notes](/docs/release-notes).

### Testing

Before starting the upgrade process on production, test the upgrade in a staging or development environment to identify potential issues. This is particularly important for upgrades involving multiple version jumps or a FusionAuth instance that has been heavily customized.

### Downtime and Database Migrations

Plan for any downtime or maintenance windows required for the upgrade. If changes to the database schema are required, required data migrations could lead to downtime that affects end users. Such changes are always noted in the release notes, so read the release notes carefully. An upgrade without a schema change, on the other hand, may not require any downtime from an end-user perspective.

FusionAuth can perform database migrations automatically and silently using a process called [Silent Mode](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/reference/silent-mode).

If you want to run the database migrations interactively or with other tooling, you can run any needed scripts manually:

1. Remove all server nodes from a load balancer/proxy.
1. Run the database migration scripts.
1. Add all server nodes back to the load balancer/proxy.

<Aside type="caution">
Always back up your database before upgrading, so you can roll back in an emergency.
</Aside>

The timing of the database upgrade is also important to note. When an upgraded node first connects to the database, it _immediately locks the database_ until the upgrade is complete if [Silent Mode](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/reference/silent-mode) is enabled and the database requires upgrading. Silent Mode is an optional runtime mode that can automatically handle upgrades on startup. When locked, the database is unavailable to other nodes in the cluster. Learn more about the different runtime modes and how they affect database upgrades in the [Upgrade FAQs](#upgrade-faqs) section below.

### Upgrade a Client Library

Always upgrade client libraries when you upgrade FusionAuth. Check if this is needed before upgrading, as it will entail a more complex upgrade process and may require downtime from other components of a your system.

Client libraries are forward-compatible with new FusionAuth releases and new FusionAuth releases are backwards-compatible with older client libraries. If a release violates this rule, the [release notes](/docs/release-notes) will provide more information.

If you are using an OIDC-compatible library in your application to log your users in, it is unlikely that this integration would require modification, but test it in a non-production environment to make sure.

#### Client Library Versioning

<ClientLibraryVersioning />

### Skipping Versions

Sometimes, you will want to upgrade to a FusionAuth version that is multiple minor versions ahead of your current version. For example, you might want to upgrade from version `1.43.0` to `1.45.0`. FusionAuth can run all the necessary database migrations to get you to the latest version, or you can apply the database migrations yourself.

To determine if you can perform a version jump, review the [release notes](/docs/release-notes) carefully. If the releases focus on bug fixes and minor improvements, you can probably perform a version jump safely. Version jumping across patch versions, for example from `1.43.0` to `1.43.3`, is usually safe.

The alternative to a version jump is to migrate and test at each version of FusionAuth. This is a good option because if there are any issues, you'll be able to know precisely which version of FusionAuth is problematic. It's a great option if you have automated tests that can exercise FusionAuth integrations.

Whichever approach you take, always test the upgrade in a staging environment to identify potential issues. This is particularly important for complex upgrades that jump across several minor versions (from `1.22.0` to `1.43.0`, for example) or if you have customized FusionAuth. We recommend that the staging environment be as close as possible to your production environment. This includes using the same data, or at least the same data volume, as production. This enables you to test both functionality changes and performance before committing to the upgrade on production.

### Updating Configuration

To learn about new configuration options with defaults that affect your installation, see the [release notes](/docs/release-notes).

There are a number of options for managing the configuration of your FusionAuth instance over time and promoting changes from one environment to another. This includes changes from one version to another.

Configuration management options include:

* Scripting changes using a client library
* Terraform
* Pulumi
* Manual configuration via the UI

For more information, see the [Configuration Management guide](/docs/operate/deploy).

## Updating Your Theme

FusionAuth's Advanced Theme Editor provides control over every aspect of the look and feel of your hosted login pages.
For an explanation of how to upgrade an advanced theme, see [Upgrade an Advanced Theme](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/advanced-themes/upgrade-advanced-theme).

Alternatively, in version `1.51.0` and later, use the [Simple Theme Editor](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/simple-theme-editor) to quickly and easily style FusionAuth with no code. If you use a simple theme, you never have to perform a theme upgrade.

## Upgrade Options

<Aside type="caution">
Never use Maintenance Mode in production. You don't want your end users to be prompted to update a database!

Always back up your database before upgrading regardless of the upgrade method you choose.
</Aside>

For each of the options below, FusionAuth automatically runs any database migrations. However, you can also stop all nodes and run the database migration SQL statements yourself, rather than relying on FusionAuth to run them. See [Downtime and Database Migrations](#downtime-and-database-migrations) for more.

### Easiest Route

* stop all your services
* upgrade each FusionAuth node
* restart your services

FusionAuth automatically peforms the database upgrade, if needed, when the first node connects to the database.

This is a good option for development instances or non-production systems such as QA.

This is also a good option for systems that can tolerate longer periods of downtime. For instance, you could upgrade during a period of near-zero user activity (e.g. early morning). You could also upgrade FusionAuth during scheduled downtime for other components of your system.

If minimizing downtime is a goal, rolling upgrades or a blue-green deployment might be more suitable.

### Rolling Upgrade

You can perform a rolling upgrade if you run multiple FusionAuth nodes behind a load balancer. This method upgrades nodes one at a time, using the load balancer to direct traffic to the upgraded nodes as they become available for use.

Because individual nodes go offline during the rolling upgrade, this upgrade temporarily reduces the capacity of your installation.

You can run **in-place upgrades** on each node or **replace each node** with a new node running the latest version of FusionAuth:

* In-place upgrades are simpler and faster because you don't have to spin up a new server. But if something goes wrong, rolling back the upgrade is more complex.

* Replacing nodes may be slower, but if something goes wrong, you can revert to the previous version of FusionAuth by pointing the load balancer to the old nodes.

An in-place rolling upgrade for a three node cluster might look like the following example:

1. Stop the first node and remove it from the load balancer.
1. Upgrade FusionAuth on the first node.
1. Start FusionAuth on the upgraded node.
1. The upgraded node will perform required database migrations.
1. Add the first node back to the load balancer.
1. Remove the second and third nodes from the load balancer
1. Stop the second and third nodes.
1. Upgrade the second and third nodes.
1. Start the second and third nodes.
1. Add the second and third nodes back to the load balancer.

This method causes a temporary schema mismatch between the first node and the other nodes, so the other nodes may produce errors once the database upgrade begins. The nature of these errors depends on the code paths being updated as well as how users interact with the system. Errors should be minimal for core login functionality.

The upgraded node will lock the database during the database upgrade. Downtime for this upgrade method is limited to the time it takes the first node to run the database migration. There will be limited capacity during node upgrades, but the system will be available for use for most of the upgrade process.

![Diagram of a rolling upgrade showing a load balancer between users and FusionAuth nodes moving traffic to each node when ready.](/img/docs/operate/deploy/upgrade-fusionauth-rolling-upgrade-nodes.png)

### Blue-Green Deployment

A blue-green deployment reduces downtime and risk by running two identical environments in parallel. A load balancer directs traffic to one of the environments. Using a blue-green deployment isolates the upgrade process from the existing production servers, reducing the impact and risk compared to a rolling upgrade.

Upgrading a blue-green deployment for a three node cluster might look like the following example:

1. Create three new nodes with the new version of FusionAuth.
1. Start FusionAuth on one of the new nodes.
1. The new node will perform required database migrations.*
1. Add the new nodes to the load balancer.
1. Remove the old nodes from the load balancer.

This method causes a temporary schema mismatch between the first node and the other nodes, so the other nodes may produce errors once the database upgrade begins. The nature of these errors depends on the code paths being updated as well as how users interact with the system. Errors should be minimal for core login functionality.

The upgraded node will lock the database during the database upgrade. Downtime for this upgrade method is limited to the time it takes the first node to run the database migration. There will be limited capacity during node upgrades, but the system will be available for use for most of the upgrade process.

![Diagram of a Blue-Green Deployment with a load balancer between two deployment versions.](/img/docs/operate/deploy/upgrade-fusionauth-blue-green-deployment-nodes.png)

### Out-of-Band Database Upgrades

FusionAuth can handle database migrations automatically using [Silent Mode](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/reference/silent-mode). FusionAuth can also handle updates interactively on development environments using [Maintenance Mode](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/fusionauth-app#maintenance-mode).

In production you may want to perform the database migration yourself rather than allow FusionAuth to do so. This is also known as an out-of-band upgrade. This is useful if you want to perform the database migration in a way that minimizes downtime or as part of a larger automated or coordinated upgrade process. Performing the database migration involves running SQL scripts to update the database schema.

Depending on your current version and the new version you will be updating to, you might need to execute one or more SQL scripts to update your database. These scripts are located in the migrations folder in the Database Schema ZIP file, which you can download from the [Direct Downloads](/direct-download) page.

<Aside type="caution">
When upgrading your database from a previous version, be sure to only run the scripts located in the `migrations` folder. The base files
 `mysql.sql` and `postgresql.sql` should only be used during a clean installation when no database schema is present.
</Aside>

Find the FusionAuth migrations in the Database Schema ZIP file. Run them in order, starting with the first migration greater than your current FusionAuth version, and ending with the version that is less than or equal to the target upgrade version.

For example, if upgrading from version `1.19.1` to `1.22.0`, run the following SQL migrations in this order:

* `1.20.0.sql`
* `1.21.0.sql`
* `1.22.0.sql`

```
fusionauth-database-schema/
|-- migrations/
    |--  [mysql | postgresql]/
      |-- 1.1.0.sql
      |-- 1.2.0.sql
      |-- 1.3.0.sql
      |-- 1.3.1.sql
      |-- 1.5.0.sql
      |-- 1.6.0.sql
      |-- 1.7.0.sql
      |-- 1.7.1.sql
      |-- 1.8.0-RC.1.sql
      |-- 1.8.1-RC.1.sql
      |-- 1.11.0.sql
      |-- 1.12.0.sql
      |-- 1.13.0.sql
      |-- 1.14.0.sql
      |-- 1.15.0.sql
      |-- 1.15.3.sql
      |-- 1.16.0-RC.1.sql
      |-- 1.16.0.sql
      |-- 1.17.0.sql
      |-- 1.17.3.sql
      |-- 1.18.0.sql
      |-- 1.18.2.sql
      |-- 1.19.0.sql
      |-- 1.20.0.sql
      |-- 1.21.0.sql
      |-- 1.22.0.sql
      |-- 1.23.0.sql
      |-- 1.25.0.sql
      |-- 1.26.0.sql
      |-- 1.27.0.sql
      |-- 1.28.0.sql
      |-- 1.28.1.sql
      |-- 1.29.1.sql
      |-- 1.30.0.sql
      |-- 1.30.1.sql
      |-- 1.30.2.sql
      |-- 1.32.0.sql
      |-- 1.33.0.sql
      |-- 1.35.0.sql
      |-- 1.36.0.sql
      |-- 1.37.0.sql
      |-- 1.40.1.sql
      |-- 1.41.0.sql
      |-- 1.43.0.sql
      |-- 1.44.0.sql
      |-- 1.45.2.sql
      |-- 1.46.0.sql
      |-- 1.47.0.sql
      |-- 1.48.0.sql
      |-- 1.48.1.sql
      |-- 1.49.0.sql
      |-- 1.50.0.sql
      |-- 1.50.1.sql
      |-- 1.51.0.sql
      |-- 1.53.0.sql
      |-- 1.54.0.sql
      |-- 1.55.0.sql
      |-- 1.55.1.sql
      |-- 1.56.0.sql
      |-- 1.57.0.sql
      |-- 1.58.0.sql
      |-- 1.58.1.sql
      |-- 1.59.0.sql
      |-- 1.62.0.sql
```

## Rolling Back an Upgrade

If your upgrade is unsuccessful or causes unexpected issues, you may need to roll back your FusionAuth instance to a previous version.

Here are the steps for initiating a rollback:

1. Stop your FusionAuth instances.
2. Initiate the process to restore from the database backup taken prior to starting the upgrade.
3. Redeploy FusionAuth using your previous version. How you do this will depend on your deployment method.

If you are running a FusionAuth Cloud deployment, you can find instructions for rolling back an upgrade here: [Rolling Back From a Problematic Upgrade](/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/cloud#rolling-back-from-a-problematic-upgrade).

It's important to consider the timing implications of a rollback or any disaster recovery process. RTO, or Recovery Time Objective, is the targeted period time within which a service should be restored after an outage to avoid unacceptable consequences. Simply put, it is how long you can afford to be without the service or system before it severely impacts your business. It represents the goal for the time taken to recover from failure.

RPO, or Recovery Point Objective, on the other hand, refers to the maximum tolerable amount of data loss measured in time. Determine RPO by looking at the time of the last backup you need to restore from and the restore time.

In the context of a FusionAuth upgrade rollback, the RPO would be the time since the last backup before the upgrade, and the RTO would be the time it takes to stand up the older version of the system and restore the database.

The RPO effectively measures the maximum tolerable data loss in the event of a rollback, and the RTO measures the time it takes to recover from the failure.


## Upgrade FAQs

<RuntimeModes />

**Q:** How many versions can I skip? \
**A:** We recommended migrating from one minor version to the next. Read the release notes carefully and test your upgrade in a non-production environment.

**Q:** How often should I upgrade? \
**A:** We recommend staying within the last three minor versions, but we will not force an upgrade. In addition, we typically don't backport bug fixes. If you run into an issue with a bug, you'll need to upgrade to get the fix. We recommend you set up a regular cadence of reviewing and upgrading FusionAuth that fits your business needs, the same as you would with a framework or library your application depends on.

**Q:** How can I find out about new releases? \
**A:** We publish release notes for every release. You can find them here: [Release Notes](/docs/release-notes). There are a variety of ways to be [notified of releases](/docs/operate/roadmap/releases#release-notifications), including an email list and RSS feed.

**Q:** Does FusionAuth support zero-downtime upgrades? \
**A:** At this time, FusionAuth does not support zero-downtime upgrades when there is a database change. While there are a variety of options that can minimize downtime, upgrades will cause downtime whenever a schema change is required. Please [review and upvote this issue](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1240) if zero-downtime upgrades are important to you.

**Q:** What kind of downtime can I expect? \
**A:** This depends. Factors include the amount of data in your system, the speed of your database, the schema changes required, and your upgrade option choice. If you run multiple nodes, downtime can be minimized.  For example, multi-node clusters in FusionAuth Cloud experience user-facing downtime on the order of seconds to minutes during upgrades. Testing an upgrade in a non-production environment is the surest way to understand the amount of downtime.

## Detailed Upgrade Instructions

This section will guide you with detailed technical instructions on how to upgrade FusionAuth nodes on different platforms.

### Cloud

To upgrade your FusionAuth Cloud instance, see the [Cloud Installation Guide](/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/cloud#upgrading-a-deployment).

### Docker

To upgrade your Docker instance, see the [Docker Upgrade guide](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/upgrade).

### Homebrew

To upgrade an instance you installed with Homebrew, see the [Homebrew Upgrade guide](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/upgrade).

### ZIP Packages

FusionAuth is available in a ZIP package for macOS, Linux, and Windows. If you are using the ZIP package, please use this guide to update an existing instance of FusionAuth. Find the ZIP packages at the FusionAuth [Downloads](/download) page.

#### macOS and Linux

In this example, we'll assume you have previously installed FusionAuth in `/usr/local/fusionauth` and this directory will be referred to as `FUSIONAUTH_HOME`. If you have used a different directory you can adjust the following example accordingly.

```sh title="Example filesystem layout"
/usr/local/fusionauth/bin
/usr/local/fusionauth/config
/usr/local/fusionauth/config/keystore
/usr/local/fusionauth/config/fusionauth.properties
/usr/local/fusionauth/data
/usr/local/fusionauth/fusionauth-app
/usr/local/fusionauth/fusionauth-search
/usr/local/fusionauth/java
```

The first step will be to shut down the FusionAuth services.

```sh title="Shut down and uninstall FusionAuth"
# Stop services
/usr/local/fusionauth/bin/shutdown.sh
# Delete or move existing installation
cd /usr/local/fusionauth
rm -rf ./fusionauth-app
rm -rf ./fusionauth-search
rm -rf ./bin
```

During an upgrade, most everything is saved in the database, so it is safe to delete these directories. To preserve your configuration and Elasticsearch index, you want to be sure to preserve the following directories:

```sh title="Preserve these directories"
/usr/local/fusionauth/config
/usr/local/fusionauth/data
/usr/local/fusionauth/java
/usr/local/fusionauth/logs
```

Extract the new ZIP files and place them in `FUSIONAUTH_HOME`. In the following example, we use the `unzip` command with the `-n` and `-q` flags. The `-q` flag is optional, it causes the command to be run in quiet mode to reduce the amount of output to the console. The other flag `-n` is a no-overwrite flag so that any configuration files are not overwritten.

```sh title="Unzip the new packages with a no-overwrite flag"
unzip -nq new-fusionauth-app.zip
unzip -nq new-fusionauth-search.zip
```

Finally, restart the FusionAuth services.

```sh title="Start up FusionAuth"
# Start Services
/usr/local/fusionauth/bin/startup.sh
```

#### Windows

In this example, we'll assume you have previously installed FusionAuth in `\fusionauth` and this directory will be referred to as `FUSIONAUTH_HOME`. If you have used a different directory, you can adjust the following example accordingly.

```sh title="Example filesystem layout"
\fusionauth\bin
\fusionauth\config
\fusionauth\config\keystore
\fusionauth\config\fusionauth.properties
\fusionauth\data
\fusionauth\fusionauth-app
\fusionauth\fusionauth-search
\fusionauth\java
```

The first step will be to shut down the FusionAuth services and delete the old installation.

```sh title="Shut down and uninstall FusionAuth"
# Stop Services
net stop FusionAuthApp
net stop FusionAuthSearch
# Uninstall Services
cd \fusionauth\fusionauth-app\bin
FusionAuthApp.exe /uninstall
cd \fusionauth\fusionauth-search\elasticsearch\bin
FusionAuthSearch.exe /uninstall

# Delete or move existing installation
cd \fusionauth
move fusionauth-app fusionauth-app-old
move fusionauth-search fusionauth-search-old
```

<Aside type="note">
Prior to version 1.37.0, the executable will be found in the `apache-tomcat` directory. For example,

`\fusionauth\fusionauth-app\apache-tomcat\bin\FusionAuthApp.exe`

Versions 1.37.0 through 1.39.0 do not support native Windows installation.
</Aside>

During an upgrade, most everything is saved in the database, so it is safe to delete these directories. To preserve your configuration and Elasticsearch index, you want to be sure to preserve the following directories:

```sh title="Preserve these directories"
\fusionauth\config
\fusionauth\data
\fusionauth\java
\fusionauth\logs
```

Extract the new ZIP files and place them in `FUSIONAUTH_HOME`. You may do this using Windows File Explorer or other command line tools to unpack the ZIP archive. Ensure you delete or move the existing directories to prevent unzipping the new version on top of the existing version. If the new version is unzipped on top of the existing version, you will end up with duplicate libraries in the classpath that will lead to runtime errors.

After you have extracted the new packages, reinstall the Windows services and start them.

```sh title="Install and start FusionAuth"
# Install Windows Services
cd \fusionauth\fusionauth-app\bin
FusionAuthApp.exe /install
cd \fusionauth\fusionauth-search\elasticsearch\bin
FusionAuthSearch.exe /install
# Startup Services
net start FusionAuthSearch
net start FusionAuthApp
```

<Aside type="note">
Prior to version 1.37.0, you can find `FusionAuthApp.exe` at:

`\fusionauth\fusionauth-app\apache-tomcat\bin\FusionAuthApp.exe`

Versions 1.37.0 through 1.39.0 do not support native Windows installation.
</Aside>


### Linux Packages

Updating your application is easy if you installed using the RPM or Debian packages. All you need to do is to issue an update command to the `dpkg` or RPM program and specify the new package file. Here is an example:

<Aside type="note">
Running the update script will shut down the FusionAuth service if it has not yet been stopped. The service will need to be restarted after the update is finished.
</Aside>

```sh title="Shut down FusionAuth"
sudo service fusionauth-app stop
sudo service fusionauth-search stop
```

```shell title="Upgrade FusionAuth using Debian bundles"
sudo dpkg -i fusionauth-search-<version>.deb
sudo dpkg -i fusionauth-app-<version>.deb
```

```shell title="Upgrade FusionAuth using RPM bundles"
sudo rpm -U fusionauth-search-<version>.rpm
sudo rpm -U fusionauth-app-<version>.rpm
```

```sh title="Start FusionAuth"
sudo systemctl start fusionauth-search
sudo systemctl start fusionauth-app
```

#### Troubleshooting Upgrade with RPMs

<TroubleshootingUninstallUpgradeReinstallRpm />

### FastPath

While FastPath is an option to perform an upgrade, the FastPath process limits the flexibility of the installation in order to get it up and running quickly. We therefore don't recommend you use FastPath install scripts in a production environment.

We recommend using `.deb` or `.rpm` packages on Linux production environments. If your production platform is macOS or Windows, please manually manage the upgrade using the `.zip` bundles.

# User Support Guide

import AdminUserForm from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_admin-user-form.mdx';
import AdminUserRegistrationForm from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_admin-user-registration-form.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import Icon from 'src/components/icon/Icon.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';

This guide provides step-by-step instructions for basic operations in the FusionAuth admin UI. This is intended for customer service representatives supporting end users with login problems, resetting passwords or removing account lockout, and resolving other authentication related issues.

This guide also contains information on customizing the admin UI forms which may be helpful to developers working on enabling customer service representatives.

## Adding Users And Assigning Roles In The FusionAuth Admin UI

The FusionAuth administrative user interface allows you to assign one of several built-in roles to users registered with the FusionAuth admin application. These roles control access to functionality within the FusionAuth administrative user interface. Refer to the  [roles](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/roles#fusionauth-admin-ui-roles) documentation for more information about roles in FusionAuth.

Customer service reps are likely to be assigned one of two roles:

* `user_support_viewer`: Users assigned this role can view user information in the FusionAuth admin UI, but cannot make any changes.
* `user_support_manager`: A special role tuned for tier 1 technical support personnel that has a mix of capabilities.

To add a user in FusionAuth, you need to have a `user_manager`, `user_support_manager`, or `admin` role.

Only a user with `user_manager` or `admin` permissions can assign a role to an existing user.

### Adding A New User

To add a new user, log in to the FusionAuth admin UI using your admin credentials and select <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb> from the left sidebar of the dashboard.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/deploy/users-tab.png" alt="image" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Click on the green <Icon name="plus" /> icon to open the "Add User" form:

<img src="/img/docs/operate/deploy/new-user-form.png" alt="image" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Complete the fields for the new user. You can choose to set the user’s password or let the user set their own password by toggling the <InlineUIElement>Send email to set up password</InlineUIElement> button.

Click on the <Icon name="save" /> icon in the top right corner to save.

### Assign A Role To A User

On the <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb> page, search for the user you will assign the role to and click on the <Icon name="user" /> icon in the action column to open the user details page.

Scroll down and click the <InlineUIElement>Add registration</InlineUIElement> button.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/deploy/add-registration.png" alt="image" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Select an <InlineField>Application</InlineField> if you have configured multiple applications.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/deploy/select-application.png" alt="image" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

On the <Breadcrumb>Add User Registration</Breadcrumb> page, scroll down to the <InlineField>Roles</InlineField>. Select the role to assign to the user, in this case, <InlineUIElement>User support manager (user_support_manager)</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/deploy/roles.png" alt="image" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Save your changes by clicking the <Icon name="save" /> icon.

## Basic Authentication Operations

The FusionAuth admin UI provides a user-friendly interface for performing basic authentication operations. Here are some common tasks a user account manager may need to perform.

### Send A Password Reset

Use the Password Reset operation to help an end user regain access to their account.

* Log in to the FusionAuth admin UI.
* Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb> and search for the user whose password needs to be reset.
* Click on the <Icon name="user" /> icon to open the user's details page.
* Click on the down arrow next to the <InlineUIElement>Edit user</InlineUIElement> button to open a dropdown with user management options.
* Select <InlineUIElement>Send password reset</InlineUIElement> to send password reset instructions to the end user by email.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/deploy/send-password-reset.png" alt="image" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

* Confirm the password reset by clicking <InlineUIElement>Submit</InlineUIElement> in the popup.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/deploy/confirm-reset.png" alt="image" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

### Require A Password Change

You might need a user to change their password for security reasons without sending a password reset email. You can use this feature to require the user to change their password the next time they log in.

* Log in to the FusionAuth admin UI.
* Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb> and search for the user whose password needs to be changed.
* Click on the <Icon name="user" /> icon to open the user's details page.
* Click on the down arrow next to the <InlineUIElement>Edit user</InlineUIElement> button to open a dropdown with user management options.
* Select <InlineUIElement>Require password change</InlineUIElement> from the dropdown.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/deploy/require-password-change.png" alt="image" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

* Click <InlineUIElement>Submit</InlineUIElement> in the "Confirm require password change" popup.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/deploy/confirm-change.png" alt="image" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />


### Verify User Information

You might need to verify a user's information for security purposes or to ensure up-to-date user data.

* Log in to the FusionAuth admin UI.
* Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb> and search for the user whose information needs to be updated.
* Click on the <Icon name="user" /> icon to open the user's details page.
* Here you can view user information such as  <InlineField>Email</InlineField> address, <InlineField>Mobile Phone</InlineField> number, <InlineField>Birthdate</InlineField>, and <InlineField>Username</InlineField>.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/deploy/verify.png" alt="image" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

* To update the information click the <InlineUIElement>Edit user</InlineUIElement> button to open the <Breadcrumb>Edit User</Breadcrumb> form.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/deploy/edit-user.png" alt="image" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Save your changes by clicking the <Icon name="save" /> icon.


### Log A User Out

You might need to log a user out of their account for security reasons, following a data breach, or to perform system maintenance. 

* Log in to the FusionAuth admin UI using your admin credentials.
* Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb> and search for the user who needs to be logged out.
* Click on the <Icon name="user" /> icon to open the user's details page.
* Select the <Breadcrumb>Sessions</Breadcrumb> tab to view the user's current sessions.
* Click on the <Icon name="trash" /> icon to delete a single session or <InlineUIElement>Delete all sessions</InlineUIElement> to clear all the user's sessions and the user will be logged out.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/deploy/sessions.png" alt="image" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />



### Delete A User

<Aside type="caution">
The Delete user action is destructive and cannot be reversed. Instead, FusionAuth recommends that you lock (deactivate) the user which is not destructive and may be reversed. Navigate to [Lock Or Unlock A User Account](#lock-or-unlock-a-user-account) for instructions on locking and unlocking an account.
</Aside>

### Lock Or Unlock A User Account

You might need to lock a user account for security or troubleshooting purposes. 

* Log in to the FusionAuth admin UI.
* Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb> and search for the user whose account needs to be locked.
* Click on the <Icon name="user" /> icon to open the user's details page.
* Click on the down arrow next to the <InlineUIElement>Edit user</InlineUIElement> button to open a dropdown with user management options.
* Select <InlineUIElement>Lock account</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/deploy/lock-account.png" alt="image" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

* Click <InlineUIElement>Submit</InlineUIElement> in the "Confirm lock account" popup.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/deploy/confirm-lock.png" alt="image" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

* To unlock a locked account click on the down arrow next to the <InlineUIElement>Edit user</InlineUIElement> button to open a dropdown with user management options and select <InlineUIElement>Unlock account</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/deploy/unlock-account.png" alt="image" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

* Click <InlineUIElement>Submit</InlineUIElement> in the "Confirm unlock" popup.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/deploy/confirm-unlock.png" alt="image" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />


### Add A Comment

You can use User Comments to take notes on Users.

* Log in to the FusionAuth admin UI using your admin credentials.
* Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb> and search for the user you want to leave a comment on.
* Click on the <Icon name="user" /> icon to open the user's details page.
* Click on the down arrow next to the <InlineUIElement>Edit user</InlineUIElement> button to open a dropdown with user management action options.
* Select the <InlineUIElement>Add a comment</InlineUIElement> option.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/deploy/add-comment.png" alt="image" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

* Add your comment to the <InlineField>Comment</InlineField> field and click <InlineUIElement>Submit</InlineUIElement> to save. Previously added comments can be viewed under the <Breadcrumb>History</Breadcrumb> tab on the User details page.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/deploy/write-comment.png" alt="image" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />


### Remove A User Action

You can remove a user action using the following steps:

* Log in to the FusionAuth admin UI using your admin credentials.
* Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Users</Breadcrumb> and search for the user you want to remove the action on.
* Click on the <Icon name="user" /> icon to open the user's details page.
* Select the <Breadcrumb>Current actions</Breadcrumb> tab to view the user's current actions.
* To cancel a user action click on the red <InlineUIElement>X</InlineUIElement> cancel action icon.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/deploy/remove-user-action.png" alt="image" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

* Confirm you want to cancel the action by clicking <InlineUIElement>Submit</InlineUIElement> on the "Confirm cancellation" popup and optionally leave a <InlineField>Comment</InlineField>.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/deploy/confirm-action-cancellation.png" alt="image" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

## Customizing Admin UI Forms

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

You can customize the forms and fields used in the FusionAuth admin UI. While the instructions below document how to do so using the admin UI, you can also create and manage these forms via [the Form APIs](/docs/apis/custom-forms/forms).

### The User Form

<AdminUserForm />

### The Registration Form

<AdminUserRegistrationForm />

### User Management Outside Of The Admin UI

If you want to create customer user support forms because custom forms don't meet your needs, you can use [the APIs](/docs/apis/) or one of the [Client Libraries](/docs/sdks/) to build any workflow you desire.

For instance, suppose you wanted to take the following actions in one screen:

* create a user
* add them to a group
* verify their identity against an external database
* register them to an application with a role based on their identity
* ensure they had first name, last name and favorite color set

In this case, a custom form built against the FusionAuth APIs is the best path forward. The FusionAuth admin UI, while flexible, is not capable of this level of customization.

## Privilege Escalation

If you grant someone the `user_manager` role, they can then create a user, set the user's email address and password, and grant that user the `admin` or any other FusionAuth role. They could then log in as that user and have `admin` privileges.

This is working as designed, as the `user_manager` role gives full control of all users to any account which is granted it. Read more about this design choice in this [GitHub issue](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/2170).

To prevent this escalation, use the `user_support_manager` role, which can add users, but cannot register a user for the FusionAuth admin UI application.

<Aside type="caution">
Prefer the `user_support_manager` role to the `user_manager` role to avoid undesired privilege escalation.
</Aside>

# Operate

import PageNavCard from '/src/components/PageNavCard.astro';

This section contains best practices for running FusionAuth alongside your application.

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/operate/deploy" title="Deploy"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/operate/monitor" title="Monitor"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/operate/secure" title="Secure"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/operate/troubleshooting" title="Troubleshooting"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/operate/roadmap" title="Roadmap"/>
</div>

# CloudWatch

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import IconButton from 'src/components/IconButton.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

Amazon CloudWatch monitors your Amazon Web Services (AWS) resources and the applications you run on AWS in real-time. You can use CloudWatch to collect and track metrics for your resources and applications. Additionally, you can create dashboards to display metrics for your applications or to show custom collections of metrics. 

This guide will show you how to:

- Connect FusionAuth to Amazon CloudWatch using Docker in an on-premise environment or an Amazon EC2 instance.
- Set up a custom collector agent to send data to Amazon CloudWatch.
- Create a dashboard in Amazon CloudWatch to view metrics.

We'll also take a look at which FusionAuth metrics are useful in Amazon CloudWatch. Please read the [FusionAuth guide to monitoring for an overview of the available metrics](/docs/operate/monitor). For an overview of the metrics you can collect with Amazon CloudWatch agent, review the [CloudWatch agent metrics document](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonCloudWatch/latest/monitoring/metrics-collected-by-CloudWatch-agent.html).

## Set Up Your Amazon Account

You need an Amazon account to use CloudWatch. If you don't already have an Amazon account, navigate to the [AWS website](https://aws.amazon.com/) and click <InlineUIElement>Create an AWS Account</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/cloudwatch/create-aws-account.png" alt="Create an AWS Account" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

When you have provided your details, verified your email, and completed the account creation process, you will need to set up permissions for the CloudWatch agent to access AWS resources and communicate with Amazon EC2 and AWS Systems Manager. You will need to create an IAM role for the CloudWatch agent on an Amazon EC2 instance, and an IAM user for the CloudWatch agent on an on-premises server.

### Create An IAM Role For The CloudWatch Agent On An EC2 Instance

First create an IAM role to use the CloudWatch agent on Amazon EC2.

In your AWS console, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Services -> IAM -> Roles</Breadcrumb>.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/cloudwatch/navigate-iam-roles.png" alt="Create an AWS Role" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

Click the <InlineUIElement>Create role</InlineUIElement> button in the top left.  

- On the "Select trusted entity" step 1, choose "AWS service" on the "Trusted entity type".
- Under "Use case", choose "EC2", and then click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>.
- In the list of policies, select the checkbox next to `CloudWatchAgentServerPolicy`. If necessary use the search box to find the policy.
- To use Systems Manager to install or configure the CloudWatch agent, select the checkbox next to `AmazonSSMManagedInstanceCore`. This AWS-managed policy enables an instance to use the Systems Manager service core functionality. If necessary, use the search box to find the policy. This policy isn't required if you start and configure the agent only through the command line.  Click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>.
- Enter the name `CloudWatchAgentServerRole` and a description, and click <InlineUIElement>Create role</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/cloudwatch/create-aws-cloudwatchagnetrole.png" alt="Create an AWS Role Details" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

### Create An IAM User For The CloudWatch Agent On An On-Premises Server

Now create the IAM user necessary for the CloudWatch agent to write data to CloudWatch.

In your AWS console, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Services -> IAM -> Users</Breadcrumb>.

Click the <InlineUIElement>Create user</InlineUIElement> button in the top left. 

- Enter `CloudWatchAgentUser` as the name and click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>.
- For permissions, choose "Attach policies directly".
- In the list of policies, select the checkbox next to `CloudWatchAgentServerPolicy`, `CloudWatchFullAccess`, and `CloudWatchFullAccessV2`. If necessary, use the search box to find the policies.
- To use Systems Manager to install or configure the CloudWatch agent, select the box next to `AmazonSSMManagedInstanceCore`. This AWS-managed policy enables an instance to use the Systems Manager service core functionality. If necessary, use the search box to find the policy. This policy isn't required if you start and configure the agent only through the command line. 
- Click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement> and then <InlineUIElement>Create user</InlineUIElement>.

Add a `PutRetentionPolicy` to the CloudWatch agent user.

- On the Users overview page, click the `CloudWatchAgentUser` name.
- Click the <InlineUIElement>Add permissions</InlineUIElement> dropdown and choose <InlineUIElement>Create inline policy</InlineUIElement>.
- On the next screen, choose <InlineUIElement>JSON</InlineUIElement> on the "Policy editor" and replace the JSON with the code below.

```json
{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": "logs:PutRetentionPolicy",
            "Resource": "*"
        }
    ]
}
```

- Click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>.
- Give the policy a name and click <InlineUIElement>Create policy</InlineUIElement>.

Generate an access key for the CloudWatch agent user. 

- Click <InlineUIElement>Create access key</InlineUIElement> on the `CloudWatchAgentUser` overview page.
- Select "Application running outside AWS" and click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Create access key</InlineUIElement>.

The access keys will look something like this:

<Aside type='note'>
In this guide, use your actual AWS credential values instead of `your_key_id` and `your_access_key` wherever these placeholder texts occur.
</Aside>

```sh
aws_access_key_id = your_key_id
aws_secret_access_key = your_access_key
```

Save the access and secret access keys to use later.

## Set Up A Collector To Receive Data From FusionAuth

Now you will build a FusionAuth Docker image that has the CloudWatch agent installed.

<Aside type='note'>
In this section, you will need the region your AWS account uses. Get your region from the address bar when logged in to AWS. For example, this guide uses the `eu-north-` region, as found in the URL: `https://eu-north-1.console.aws.amazon.com/console/home?region=eu-north-1`. 

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/cloudwatch/aws-get-region.png" alt="Edit an AWS user Details" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

</Aside>

Save the Dockerfile from the [FusionAuth containers repo](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/blob/master/docker/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/Dockerfile) to your working directory on your computer.


Edit the Dockerfile and replace line 92 `&& apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends curl \`  with `&& apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends curl unzip ca-certificates sudo \`. This adds the `unzip`, `sudo`, and `ca-certificates` packages to the image.

Replace the section marked with the comment "###### Connect the log file to stdout" with the following configuration.

```
###### Connect the log file to stdout #############################################################
RUN mkdir -p /usr/local/fusionauth/logs \
  && touch /usr/local/fusionauth/logs/fusionauth-app.log \
  && chown -R fusionauth:fusionauth /usr/local/fusionauth/logs/
```

Insert the following lines above the comment "###### Start FusionAuth App". Replace `eu-north-1` with the region your AWS account uses. If the incorrect region is used here, it may take a long time to download when you build the Docker image.

```
### NEW FOR CloudWatch ###

RUN curl -O https://amazoncloudwatch-agent-eu-north-1.s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com/debian/amd64/latest/amazon-cloudwatch-agent.deb \
    && dpkg -i -E ./amazon-cloudwatch-agent.deb \
    && rm ./amazon-cloudwatch-agent.deb


# Add FusionAuth user to sudo group
RUN usermod -aG sudo fusionauth
RUN echo "fusionauth ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL" >> /etc/sudoers

# Set correct permissions for CloudWatch agent directories
RUN mkdir -p /opt/aws/amazon-cloudwatch-agent/etc \
    && chown -R fusionauth:fusionauth /opt/aws/amazon-cloudwatch-agent

ENV RUN_IN_CONTAINER=True
### END CloudWatch ###
```

This configuration downloads the CloudWatch agent installation package, sets the environment variables, and grants the FusionAuth user some permissions to complete the installation.

Replace the last line in the Dockerfile `CMD ["/usr/local/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/bin/start.sh"]` with the following `CMD ["/bin/sh", "-c", "/opt/aws/amazon-cloudwatch-agent/bin/start-amazon-cloudwatch-agent & /usr/local/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/bin/start.sh"]`.

Build the Dockerfile into a new image instead of the official FusionAuth image.

```sh
docker build --platform linux/amd64 -t faimage .
```

Now create a `cloudwatch-config.json` file in the same folder as the Dockerfile and add the following configuration to it.

```json
{
    "agent": {
        "metrics_collection_interval": 60,
        "region": "${AWS_REGION}",
        "logfile": "/opt/aws/amazon-cloudwatch-agent/logs/amazon-cloudwatch-agent.log",
        "debug": false,
        "run_as_user": "fusionauth"
    },
    "logs": {
        "logs_collected": {
            "files": {
                "collect_list": [
                    {
                        "file_path": "/usr/local/fusionauth/logs/fusionauth-app.log",
                        "log_group_name": "fusionauth-logs",
                        "log_stream_name": "fusionauth-app"
                    },
                    {
                        "file_path": "/opt/aws/amazon-cloudwatch-agent/logs/amazon-cloudwatch-agent.log",
                        "log_group_name": "cloudwatch-logs",
                        "log_stream_name": "fusionauth-app"
                    },
                    {
                        "file_path": "/var/log/bootstrap.log",
                        "log_group_name": "host-bootstrap-logs",
                        "log_stream_name": "fusionauth-app"
                    }
                ]
            }
        }
    },
    "metrics": {
        "namespace": "FusionAuth",
        "metrics_collected": {
            "cpu": {
                "resources": [
                    "*"
                ],
                "measurement": [
                    "usage_active",
                    "usage_system",
                    "usage_user"
                ]
            },
            "mem": {
                "measurement": [
                    "used",
                    "total",
                    "used_percent"
                ]
            },
            "net": {
                "resources": [
                    "*"
                ],
                "measurement": [
                    "bytes_sent",
                    "bytes_recv",
                    "packets_sent",
                    "packets_recv"
                ]
            }
        }
    }
}
```

In the above configuration, you set up the region for the CloudWatch agent, some logs to collect and display, and the metrics we are interested in. The <InlineField>log_group_name</InlineField> and <InlineField>log_stream_name</InlineField> values are specified for the log files and the `FusionAuth` namespace for the metrics.

Next, save the [`docker-compose.yml`](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/blob/main/docker/fusionauth/docker-compose.yml) and sample [`.env`](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/blob/main/docker/fusionauth/.env) files from the FusionAuth containers repo.

In the `docker-compose.yml` file, change the line `image: fusionauth/fusionauth-app:latest` to point to the image you have just built, `image: faimage:latest`.

On the `fusionauth` service, replace the `volumes:` section with the code configuration below.

```yaml
volumes:
      - fusionauth_config:/usr/local/fusionauth/config
      # NEW FOR CLOUDWATCH
      - ./cloudwatch-config.json:/opt/aws/amazon-cloudwatch-agent/bin/default_linux_config.json
      - .aws/credentials:/usr/local/fusionauth/.aws/credentials:ro # Mount AWS credentials
      # END CLOUDWATCH
```

In the `environment:` section under the `fusionauth:` service, add the following environment variable for the AWS region.

```yaml
environment:
      DATABASE_URL: jdbc:postgresql://db:5432/fusionauth
      DATABASE_ROOT_USERNAME: ${POSTGRES_USER}
      DATABASE_ROOT_PASSWORD: ${POSTGRES_PASSWORD}
      DATABASE_USERNAME: ${DATABASE_USERNAME}
      DATABASE_PASSWORD: ${DATABASE_PASSWORD}
      FUSIONAUTH_APP_MEMORY: ${FUSIONAUTH_APP_MEMORY}
      FUSIONAUTH_APP_RUNTIME_MODE: ${FUSIONAUTH_APP_RUNTIME_MODE}
      FUSIONAUTH_APP_URL: http://fusionauth:9011
      FUSIONAUTH_APP_INSTALLATION_SOURCE: site/monitor-cloudwatch
      SEARCH_SERVERS: http://search:9200
      SEARCH_TYPE: elasticsearch
      AWS_REGION: eu-north-1  # Replace with your AWS region, e.g., us-west-2    NEW for cloudwatch
```
	
Now, in the same folder as the Dockerfile, create a `.aws` folder with a file called `credentials` using the command below.

```sh
mkdir .aws
cd .aws
touch credentials
```

Add the AWS access keys you created previously to the `credentials` file.

```sh
[AmazonCloudWatchAgent]
aws_access_key_id = your_key_id
aws_secret_access_key = your_access_key
```

To start the services, run the following command in the terminal you used to save the `docker-compose.yml` file.

```sh
docker compose up -d
```

## Set Up A Collector Dashboard

Let's create a dashboard on CloudWatch to visualize the data received from FusionAuth.

In the AWS UI, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Services -> CloudWatch -> Dashboards</Breadcrumb>.

Click <InlineUIElement>Create dashboard</InlineUIElement>. Give the dashboard a <InlineField>Name</InlineField>, for example, `FusionAuthDashboard`, and click <InlineUIElement>Create dashboard</InlineUIElement>.

On the next screen, you have a few options to choose from to configure the dashboard Widget:

- For <InlineField>Data source types</InlineField>, choose `CloudWatch`.
- For <InlineField>Data type</InlineField>, choose `Metrics`.
- For <InlineField>Widget type</InlineField>, choose `Line`.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/cloudwatch/select-dashboard-options.png" alt="Select Options For The Dashboards" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

Click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>.

Now you can add metrics to the widget and configure some options. Give your graph a title and choose "1h" for the time preference. You can also set the refresh interval from the dropdown on the far right.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/cloudwatch/add-metrics-dashboard.png" alt="Add Metrics To The Dashboards" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

Click the `FusionAuth` namespace, then click <InlineField>CPU</InlineField>. Select all the CPU options and click <InlineUIElement>Create widget</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/cloudwatch/create-dashboard-widget.png" alt="Create The Dashboards" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

Using the same method as above, you can also add logs to the dashboard. Click on the <InlineUIElement>+</InlineUIElement> in the right-hand corner to add another widget.

On the create widget screen, configure the dashboard logs widget as follows:

- For <InlineField>Data source types</InlineField>, choose `CloudWatch`.
- For <InlineField>Data type</InlineField>, choose `Logs`. 
- For <InlineField>Widget type</InlineField>, choose `Logs table`. 

Click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/cloudwatch/create-log-table-widget.png" alt="Add A Log Table To The Dashboards" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

Click <InlineUIElement>Browse log groups</InlineUIElement> and select a log group or stream configured in the CloudWatch agent configuration, like `fusionauth-logs`. Click <InlineUIElement>Run query</InlineUIElement>. If data has been received on the selected stream, it will show in the "Logs" section. Click <InlineUIElement>Create Widget</InlineUIElement> to add the new log table to the dashboard.

This is how the dashboard will look when data is received.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/cloudwatch/cloudwatch-dashboard.png" alt="Add A Log Table To The Dashboards" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

## Set Up FusionAuth API Access For The Collector

When you create a custom collector later in this guide, you will need FusionAuth API access configured and access to a specific FusionAuth endpoint. 

To export login information from FusionAuth, you need to allow the custom collector access to the `/api/system/login-record/export` endpoint. The steps outlined below can be used to configure access to other endpoints.

- Log in to your FusionAuth instance and navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> API keys</Breadcrumb>.
- On the top right of the page, click the <IconButton icon="plus" color="green" /> button to add a new API key.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/cloudwatch/create-api-key-fusionauth.png" alt="Add API Key For FusionAauth" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

- Enter a <InlineField>Description</InlineField> for the API key.
- Scroll down and enable the "GET" permission on the `/api/system/login-record/export` endpoint.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/cloudwatch/login-record-api-key-fusionauth.png" alt="Add Access To Login Export For FusionAauth" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

- Click the <IconButton icon="save" color="blue" /> button to save the API key.
- After saving the API key, click the red lock <IconButton icon="lock" color="red" /> next to the key to reveal and copy the value of the key. Store this key, as you will need it later.

## FusionAuth Metrics

FusionAuth offers a wide range of [metrics](/docs/operate/monitor#metrics), which are detailed in the documentation. It's up to you to determine which metrics are important for your monitoring needs.

## Mapping FusionAuth Metrics To AWS CloudWatch Metrics

CloudWatch gives you actionable insights that help you optimize application performance, manage resource utilization, and understand system-wide operational health. CloudWatch provides up to one-second visibility of metrics and logs data, and the ability to perform calculations on metrics. CloudWatch collects, aggregates, and summarizes compute utilization information such as CPU, memory, disk, and network data, as well as diagnostic information such as container restart failures.

The CloudWatch agent supports the counter, gauge, and summary metric types, and also handles the sum and count of a summary metric in the same way as it handles counter metrics.

Note that you can write custom services to send available data to AWS CloudWatch through FusionAuth API endpoints using the AWS API and Watchtower libraries. 

## Write A Custom Service To Send Data To The API

The Python application below exports login records every 60 seconds and sends them to CloudWatch in AWS. This script is for demonstration purposes; in real-world scenarios, records are more likely to be sent every 60 minutes.

All the FusionAuth APIs providing event data are documented [here](/docs/apis), and the login records API is documented [here](/docs/apis/login#request-6). 

The FusionAuth APIs export events as zip files — you will not get JSON or YAML data in memory. The application will get the zip file, extract it, read it, format the entries for CloudWatch, and upload them.

Since FusionAuth API access is needed, see the section on [Set Up FusionAuth API Access For The Collector](#set-up-fusionauth-api-access-for-the-collector).

You will also need to get your FusionAuth app Id. In the FusionAuth UI, navigate to <InlineUIElement>Applications</InlineUIElement> and copy and save the Id for your application. 

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/cloudwatch/cloudwatch-fusionauth-applications-id.png" alt="FusionAuth API Key" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

Save the following Python script to a file `cloudwatch_logger.py` in a new folder.

```python
import boto3
import watchtower
import logging
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import time
import os
import requests
import csv
from io import StringIO
import zipfile

# Configure logging
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)

# Create console handler
console_handler = logging.StreamHandler()
console_handler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
console_handler.setFormatter(formatter)
logger.addHandler(console_handler)

# Get AWS region from environment variable
aws_region = os.environ.get('AWS_REGION', 'eu-north-1')

# Configure boto3 client
logs_client = boto3.client('logs',
    region_name=aws_region,
    aws_access_key_id=os.environ.get('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID'),
    aws_secret_access_key=os.environ.get('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY')
)

# Configure Watchtower handler
cloudwatch_handler = watchtower.CloudWatchLogHandler(
    log_group="FusionAuth-CustomLogExporter",
    stream_name="MyLogStream-{:%Y-%m-%d}".format(datetime.now()),
    use_queues=False,
    log_group_retention_days=30,
    create_log_group=True,
    boto3_client=logs_client
)
cloudwatch_handler.setFormatter(formatter)
logger.addHandler(cloudwatch_handler)

# FusionAuth configuration
FA_ENDPOINT = os.environ.get('FA_ENDPOINT', 'http://fusionauth:9011/api/system/login-record/export')
FA_API_KEY = os.environ.get('FA_API_KEY')
FA_APP_ID = os.environ.get('FA_APP_ID')

def get_login_records():
    end = int(time.time() * 1000)
    start = end - 3600000  # 1 hour ago
    date_format = "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSS"
    
    params = {
        "applicationId": FA_APP_ID,
        "dateTimeSecondsFormat": date_format,
        "start": start,
        "end": end
    }
    
    headers = {"Authorization": FA_API_KEY}
    
    response = requests.get(FA_ENDPOINT, params=params, headers=headers)
    
    if response.status_code != 200:
        logger.error(f"Failed to fetch login records: {response.status_code}")
        return []
    
    with open('record.zip', 'wb') as f:
        f.write(response.content)
    
    records = []
    with zipfile.ZipFile('record.zip', 'r') as zip_ref:
        with zip_ref.open('login_records.csv') as csvfile:
            csv_reader = csv.reader(StringIO(csvfile.read().decode('utf-8')))
            next(csv_reader)  # Skip header
            for row in csv_reader:
                records.append(row)
    
    return records

def process_login_records(records):
    for record in records:
        user_id, time_str = record[0], record[1]
        user_id = user_id.strip().strip('"')
        time_str = time_str.strip().strip('"').replace('T', ' ')
        
        dt = datetime.strptime(time_str, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f")
        timestamp = int(dt.timestamp() * 1000)
        
        log_data = {
            "cumulative_counter": [
                {
                    "metric": "login.success",
                    "dimensions": {"host": "testServer"},
                    "value": 1,
                    "timestamp": timestamp
                }
            ]
        }
        
        logger.info(f"Login record: {log_data}")

def main():
    while True:
        try:
            records = get_login_records()
            process_login_records(records)
            # Ensure all logs are sent to CloudWatch
            logger.handlers[1].flush()
        except Exception as e:
            logger.exception(f"An error occurred: {str(e)}")
        time.sleep(60)  # Run avey 60 seconds

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()
```

Add a new Dockerfile in the same folder with the following command.

```sh 
touch Dockerfile
``` 

Add the following to the file created above.

```sh
FROM python:3.9-slim

WORKDIR /app

COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt

COPY cloudwatch_logger.py .

CMD ["python", "cloudwatch_logger.py"]
```

This Dockerfile will create a new container that will run the `cloudwatch_logger.py` application and export and upload the login data from FusionAuth to CloudWatch. The application requires some packages, Watchtower, and Boto3, which are used for communicating with AWS CloudWatch.

Add the `requirements.txt` file to the same folder.

```sh
touch requirements.txt
```

Add the dependencies.

```sh
boto3==1.26.90
watchtower==3.0.1
requests==2.28.2
```

Create a new `.aws` folder.

```sh
mkdir .aws
cd .aws
touch credentials
touch config
```

Add the AWS access keys you created earlier to the credentials file:

```
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=your_key_id
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=your_access_key
```

Add the following region info in the configuration file (remember to use the region for your AWS account):

```
[default]
region = eu-north-1
```

Although these credentials are similar to the AWS credentials that were set up earlier when we used the CloudWatch agent in the FusionAuth Docker example, these use the `default` profile instead of the `AmazonCloudWatchAgent` we used previously.

The configuration above is for this guide only, and you must replace it with your own.

Build the `Dockerfile` with the following command.

```sh
docker build --platform linux/amd64 -t cloudwatch-logger .
```

Finally, add the following service to the FusionAuth `docker-compose.yml` file. You will need to change the region, access key, secret access key, FusionAuth API key, and FusionAuth app Id to your values.

```yaml
cloudwatch-logger: # NEW for custom logging
  image: cloudwatch-logger:latest
  environment:
    - AWS_REGION=eu-north-1
    - FA_ENDPOINT=http://fusionauth:9011/api/system/login-record/export
    - FA_API_KEY=wYXTsNC-KC8I70fba8iIiwcT6d4fsTFhugVLyNcxSZ7UoEsIVY8DIYIP
    - FA_APP_ID=3c219e58-ed0e-4b18-ad48-f4f92793ae32
    - AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=${AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID}
    - AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=${AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY}
  volumes:
    - ~/.aws:/root/.aws:ro
    - ~/.aws:/app/.aws:ro
  logging:
    driver: "json-file"
    options:
      max-size: "200k"
      max-file: "10"
  networks:
    - db_net
  depends_on:
    - fusionauth
```

You can add this to the same `docker-compose.yml` file we used earlier, as we only add a new service that runs in conjunction with the other FusionAuth services.

To start the services, run the following command in the terminal you used to save the `docker-compose.yml` file.

```sh
docker compose up -d
```

### Set Up An AWS CloudWatch Dashboard For The Custom Service

Now you can set up a dashboard to visualize data collected by the custom logger.

In your AWS console, navigate to <Breadcrumb>CloudWatch -> Dashboards</Breadcrumb>. Add a new dashboard, name it `CloudWatchLogger`, and click <InlineUIElement>Create dashboard</InlineUIElement>. 

Select `Logs` for <InlineField>Data type</InlineField> and keep the defaults for the remaining options. Click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>.

The code for the custom logging service specified a `log_group="FusionAuth-CustomLogExporter` log group. On the next screen, click <InlineUIElement>Browse log groups</InlineUIElement> and select `FusionAuth-CustomLogExporter`. In the query box, delete the contents and enter `stats count() by bin(30s)`. 

Click <InlineUIElement>Run query</InlineUIElement>. For <InlineField>Visualization</InlineField>, choose `Graph type:Bar`. 

You should see some info being plotted on the screen. If you don't, log in to your FusionAuth instance a few times. If you still don't see any data coming in, retrace the dashboard setup steps.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/cloudwatch/create-dashboard-widget-custom-logger.png" alt="Create A Custom Logger Dashboard Widget" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

Click <InlineUIElement>Create widget</InlineUIElement> in the top-right corner and click <InlineUIElement>Save</InlineUIElement> to save the dashboard.

You should see your logger info being reflected.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/cloudwatch/cloudwatch-dashboard-custom-logger.png" alt="Custom Logger Dashboard Table" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

You can set up widgets for other endpoints and metrics similarly.


## Monitoring FusionAuth In An AWS EC2 Instance

Navigate to the EC2 dashboard in the AWS console  <Breadcrumb>Services -> EC2</Breadcrumb>.

To create a virtual server, click <InlineUIElement>Launch new instance</InlineUIElement>. Give the server a <InlineUIElement>Name</InlineUIElement> and select "Amazon Linux" as the operating system. You can use the default "Architecture". For the instance type, select `t3.medium`, which is the lowest memory allocation that FusionAuth Docker will successfully start on.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/cloudwatch/create-ecs-instance-settings-1.png" alt="Create EC2 Instance-1" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

Next, generate a key pair to access the server via SSH. Click <InlineUIElement>Create new key pair</InlineUIElement>. Enter a name for the keypair, choose "RSA" as the keypair type, and `.pem` as the file format. Click <InlineUIElement>Create key pair</InlineUIElement>.
 
<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/cloudwatch/create-key-pair.png" alt="Create Key Pair" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

The `.pem` file will be downloaded to your downloads folder. Copy the `.pem` file to your working directory so that you can use it to SSH to the server later.

Return to the launch instance dialog in AWS and make sure the key pair you created is selected in the key pair name dropdown list. 

We'll use the default network configuration and security setting for this guide. In production, you would configure and secure the network settings for your environment here.

Click <InlineUIElement>Launch instance</InlineUIElement> to create your virtual server.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/cloudwatch/create-ec2-success.png" alt="Create EC2 Success" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

Navigate to the EC2 instance overview screen and click the newly created instance.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/cloudwatch/ec2-instance-overview.png" alt="EC2 Instance Overview" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

We need to set port 9011 to allow traffic to FusionAuth.

Select the security tab in the middle and click the security group under "Security Groups".

Click <InlineUIElement>Edit inbound rules</InlineUIElement>. Select `Custom TCP` as the <InlineUIElement>Type</InlineUIElement>. Set `9011` for the <InlineUIElement>Port range</InlineUIElement> and select `My IP` as the source for testing purposes. Click <InlineUIElement>Save rules</InlineUIElement>. 

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/cloudwatch/open-port-9011.png" alt="EC2 Instance Open Port 9011" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

Return to the instance screen and make sure the instance is running.

Now, find the public IP on the Instance overview screen, then log in to the console by typing the following in the terminal, replacing `16.16.204.161` with your public IP and `test.pem` with the name of your downloaded key pair file.

First change the permissions of the key file if they are too open

```sh
chmod 600 test.pem
```

Then you can use it to ssh into the instance with the following command

```sh
ssh -i  test.pem ec2-user@16.16.204.161
```

Answer "yes" to the fingerprint question and you will be connected to your EC2 server in the terminal.

The following shell commands will set up the EC2 instance with Docker, `docker-compose`, and Vim, and create the necessary files and folders for the FusionAuth installation.

```sh
sudo dnf update -y
#enter
sudo dnf install vim -y
#enter
sudo dnf install docker -y
#enter
sudo systemctl start docker
#enter
sudo systemctl enable docker
#enter
sudo usermod -aG docker ec2-user
#enter
sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/latest/download/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
#enter
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
#enter
mkdir fusionauth-project
#enter
cd fusionauth-project
#enter
mkdir .aws
#enter
touch .aws/credentials
#enter
touch .aws/config
#enter
touch .env
#enter
```

Log out and log back in to apply the group changes.

Now edit the credentials file.

```sh
vim  ~/fusionauth-project/.aws/credentials
```

Add the CloudWatch agent access keys.

```
[default]
aws_access_key_id=your_key_id
aws_secret_access_key=your_access_key
```

Save the file by pressing `Esc` and typing `:wq` then pressing `Enter` on your keyboard.

Next, edit the configuration file.

```sh
vim  ~/fusionauth-project/.aws/config
```

Add your region. Remember to replace `eu-north-1` with your actual region.

```sh
[default]
region = eu-north-1
```

Save the file.

Edit the `.env` file.

```sh
vim  ~/fusionauth-project/.env
```

Add the following.

```sh
DATABASE_USERNAME=fusionauth
DATABASE_PASSWORD=hkaLBMBRVnyYeYeq=3W11w2e4Avpy0Wd503s3
FUSIONAUTH_APP_MEMORY=512M
FUSIONAUTH_APP_RUNTIME_MODE=development
OPENSEARCH_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms512m -Xmx512m"
POSTGRES_USER=postgres
POSTGRES_PASSWORD=postgres
```

Save the file.

Since there are no changes to the configuration files, you can use the same `cloudwatch-config.json`, Dockerfile, and `docker-compose.yml` files from the on-prem Docker example we used to [Set Up A Collector To Receive Data From FusionAuth](#set-up-a-collector-to-receive-data-from-fusionauth).

Using SCP, copy the FusionAuth files over from the working directory you used to set up the collector to the EC2 instance using the same `.pem` file and the AWS EC2 folder we created for the FusionAuth project.

```sh
scp -i ./test.pem   ./cloudwatch-config.json  ec2-user@16.16.204.161:~/fusionauth-project/
#enter
scp -i ./test.pem   ./Dockerfile  ec2-user@16.16.204.161:~/fusionauth-project/
```

Comment out the `cloudwatch-logger:` service you added to the `docker-compose.yml` file earlier and copy the file to the instance.

```sh
scp -i ./test.pem   ./docker-compose.yml  ec2-user@16.16.204.161:~/fusionauth-project/
```
 
SSH back into your EC2 instance to build the FusionAuth image and start the services with `docker-compose`. 

```sh
ssh -i   ./test.pem ec2-user@16.16.204.161
cd fusionauth-project/
#enter
docker build --platform linux/amd64 -t faimage .
#enter
docker-compose  up -d
#enter
```

Now navigate to  `http://your_instance_public_ip:9011/` (use your EC2 instance public IP here), as configured in your FusionAuth instance on EC2.

If you return to the CloudWatch dashboard and add widgets to monitor the EC2 FusionAuth instance, you will find data is now being pushed to CloudWatch from the EC2 Docker instance.

## Further Reading

- [Overview of CloudWatch from the AWS documentation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonCloudWatch/latest/monitoring/WhatIsCloudWatch.html)
- [Amazon CloudWatch metrics](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonCloudWatch/latest/monitoring/working_with_metrics.html)
- [AWS guide to getting set up with CloudWatch](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonCloudWatch/latest/monitoring/GettingSetup.html)
- [AWS guide to the metrics collected by the CloudWatch agent](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonCloudWatch/latest/monitoring/metrics-collected-by-CloudWatch-agent.html)
- [How to configure the CloudWatch agent](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonCloudWatch/latest/monitoring/CloudWatch-Agent-Configuration-File-Details.html#CloudWatch-Agent-Configuration-File-Agentsection)

# Datadog

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import IconButton from 'src/components/IconButton.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

[Datadog](https://docs.datadoghq.com/getting_started/application/) is an observability service you can integrate with your FusionAuth applications to collect events and metrics so that you can analyze the monitoring and performance data.

This guide will show you how to connect FusionAuth to Datadog, including instructions for:

- Setting up Prometheus API access in FusionAuth.
- Setting up your Datadog account.
- Adding a Datadog Agent to a FusionAuth Docker image to collect and export telemetry data.
- Creating a dashboard in Datadog to monitor FusionAuth metrics.
- Installing the Datadog Agent on a remote host to monitor the Prometheus endpoint exposed by FusionAuth.
- Setting up an OpenTelemetry Linux collector to receive, process, and export telemetry data.
- Adding export logs or events with a Python app using the Datadog API.

Look at the [FusionAuth guide to monitoring](/docs/operate/monitor) to get an overview of available metrics and choose the ones relevant to your needs. For an overview of the metrics you can collect with Datadog, review the [Datadog](https://docs.datadoghq.com/metrics/) and [OpenTelemetry in Datadog](https://docs.datadoghq.com/opentelemetry/?_ga=2.63663855.1324212944.1718441678-2001470719.1718441677&_gac=1.150758018.1718441678.EAIaIQobChMI1OXNip7dhgMV_UNBAh1xfQDYEAAYASAAEgIBs_D_BwE) documentation.

## Set Up Prometheus API Access In FusionAuth

FusionAuth exposes metrics on a Prometheus endpoint. To use the endpoint, generate an API key in FusionAuth and grant it access to perform GET requests on the endpoint:

- Log in to your FusionAuth instance and navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> API keys</Breadcrumb>.
- On the top-right of the page, click the <IconButton icon="plus" color="green" /> button to add a new API key.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/datadog/datadog-fusionauth-enableapikey-prometheus-endpoint.png" alt="Enable API Key Prometheus endpoint in FusionAuth" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

- Enter a <InlineField>Description</InlineField> for the API key.
- Scroll down and enable GET permission on the `/api/prometheus/metrics` endpoint.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/datadog/datadog-enableget-prometheus-endpoint.png" alt="Enable API Key GET Method for the Prometheus endpoint FusionAuth" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

- Click the <IconButton icon="save" color="blue" /> button to save the API key.

On the API Keys list page, click the red lock <IconButton icon="lock" color="red" /> next to the newly generated key to reveal the key value. Copy and store this key, as you will need it later in the guide.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/datadog/datadog-fusionauth-apikey.png" alt="FusionAuth API Key" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

## Set Up A Datadog Account

Navigate to [Datadog](https://www.datadoghq.com/) and log in. If you don't already have a Datadog account, click <InlineUIElement>GET STARTED FREE</InlineUIElement> to complete the registration form and start a 14-day trial.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/datadog/signup-datadog-trial.png" alt="Sign up for a Datadog Trial" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

Note the hosting <InlineField>Region</InlineField>, as this will determine the URL you use later to connect to Datadog. This guide uses the United States (US5-Central) region (`us5.datadoghq.com`).

You can optionally give Datadog information about your stack on the "Your Stack" tab.

The Datadog Agent collects metrics and events from your system and apps and can be installed anywhere, even on your workstation. 

On the "Agent Setup" tab in Datadog, select your platform from the list on the left for installation instructions. For example, if you select Ubuntu, it will show the command to install the agent on Ubuntu using a script. 

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/datadog/install-datadog-agent-ubuntu.png" alt="Install Datadog Agent Ubuntu" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

Copy your Datadog API key value from the `DD_API_KEY` field in the installation command and save it to use later.

If you prefer to manually install the agent, expand the <InlineUIElement>Manual Step by Step Instructions</InlineUIElement> accordion.

## Set Up The Datadog Agent Using Docker

Now you will build a FusionAuth Docker image that has the Datadog Agent installed using the installation command from the instructions page.

First, save the Dockerfile from the [FusionAuth containers repo](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/blob/master/docker/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/Dockerfile) to your computer. Edit the Dockerfile file and insert the following lines above the comment "###### Start FusionAuth App".

```
### New for Datadog ###
RUN mkdir -p /var/lib/apt/lists/partial \
&& chmod 755 /var/lib/apt/lists/partial \
&& apt update \
&& apt install -y ca-certificates curl  sudo \
&& cd /usr/local/fusionauth \
&& curl -L -o install_script_agent7.sh https://s3.amazonaws.com/dd-agent/scripts/install_script_agent7.sh \
&& chmod +x /usr/local/fusionauth/install_script_agent7.sh

### Install Datadog Agent app ###
ENV DD_API_KEY="<your API key from Datadog website>"
ENV DD_SITE="us5.datadoghq.com" #<Your Datadog site domain>
ENV DD_INSTALL_ONLY=false
ENV DD_HOSTNAME="fusionauthdocker"
RUN /bin/bash -c "/usr/local/fusionauth/install_script_agent7.sh"

### Copy the OpenMetrics configuration file ###
COPY openmetrics.d-conf.yaml /etc/datadog-agent/conf.d/openmetrics.d/conf.yaml

# Allow FusionAuth user to run Datadog agent service without password
RUN echo "fusionauth ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/service datadog-agent start" > /etc/sudoers.d/fusionauth

# Ensure correct ownership and permissions for the log directory
RUN mkdir -p /usr/local/fusionauth/logs \
    && chown -R fusionauth:fusionauth /usr/local/fusionauth/logs

## Modify FusionAuth start script to start Datadog Agent as root and continue on failure
# RUN head -n -1 /usr/local/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/bin/start.sh > temp.sh \
# && echo 'sudo service datadog-agent start <&- >>  /dev/null' >> temp.sh \
# && mv temp.sh /usr/local/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/bin/start.sh \
# && chown fusionauth:fusionauth /usr/local/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/bin/start.sh \
# && chmod +x /usr/local/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/bin/start.sh
```

This configuration downloads the Datadog Agent installation script from https://s3.amazonaws.com/dd-agent/scripts/install_script_agent7.sh and sets the environment variables to complete the installation. Once the Datadog Agent is installed, the config `openmetrics.d-conf.yaml` is copied into the image to handle the OpenMetrics integration.

Now create an `openmetrics.d-conf.yaml` file in the same folder as the Dockerfile and add the following configuration to it:

 ```yaml
init_config:

instances:
  - prometheus_url: http://localhost:9011/api/prometheus/metrics
    namespace: FusionAuth_docker_metrics_openmetric_agent
    metrics:
      - '*'
    headers:
      Authorization: '<Your FusionAuth API key with access to Prometheus metrics>'
      Content-Type: 'application/json'
```

<Aside type="note">
 If you have restarted your FusionAuth instance, you need to regenerate the API key using the steps outlined in the [Set Up Prometheus API Access In FusionAuth](#set-up-prometheus-api-access-in-fusionauth) section.
</Aside>

Build the Dockerfile into a new image to use in place of the official FusionAuth image.


```sh
docker build --platform linux/amd64 -t faimage .
```

Save the [`docker-compose.yaml`](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/blob/main/docker/fusionauth/docker-compose.yml) and sample [`.env`](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/blob/main/docker/fusionauth/.env) files from the FusionAuth containers repo.

In the `docker-compose.yaml` file, change the line `image: fusionauth/fusionauth-app:latest` to point to the image you have just built `image: faimage:latest`.

To start the services, run the following command in the terminal you used to save the `docker-compose.yaml` file.

```sh
docker compose up -d
```

<Aside type="note">
  The code to autostart the `datadog-agent` is commented out in the sample Dockerfile configuration because the current version of the agent gives a fail message when it starts, although it starts successfully. This prevents FusionAuth from starting in the Docker container. You need to start the agent manually when FusionAuth is running with the following commands.

  ```sh
    docker ps   # to get the ID of the FusionAuth container which should look something like d5a0c674288a

    docker  exec -u root -it d5a0c674288a service datadog-agent start  #start the agent

    docker  exec -u root -it d5a0c674288a service datadog-agent status #get the service status should respond with  * datadog-agent is running
  ```
</Aside>

When the agent is successfully installed and started in the FusionAuth container, refresh the window on the Datadog website, and it will indicate that metrics from the agent are being received.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/datadog/datadog-agent-reporting.png" alt="Datadog agent reporting"  width="1200" />

Click on <InlineUIElement>Finish</InlineUIElement> to continue.

You can view all registered hosts by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Infrastructure -> Host Map</Breadcrumb>. Click the <InlineUIElement>agent</InlineUIElement> block for a registered host to view metrics received.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/datadog/infrastructure-hosts-agent-info.png" alt="Infrastructure hosts agent" width="1200" />

## Set Up A Datadog Dashboard

Let's create a dashboard on Datadog to visualize the data received from FusionAuth.

In the Datadog UI, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Dashboards -> New Dashboard</Breadcrumb>. Give the dashboard a <InlineField>Name</InlineField>. If you have organizations configured, you can select a <InlineField>Team</InlineField>.

Click on <InlineUIElement>New Dashboard</InlineUIElement> to create the dashboard.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/datadog/datadog-website-create-new-dashboard.png" alt="Creating a new dashboard widget" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

Now add a widget to your dashboard. Under <Breadcrumb>Widgets</Breadcrumb> in the right-hand sidebar, select the <InlineUIElement>Timeseries</InlineUIElement> widget. For the metrics to monitor, select `system.net.bytes_rcvd` and `system.net.bytes_sent`. You can give the metrics different colors to differentiate the graphs.

Under <Breadcrumb>Set time preference</Breadcrumb> choose "Past 15 minutes" and give your graph a title.

Click <InlineUIElement>Save</InlineUIElement>.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/datadog/datadog-website-new-dashboard-configuration.png" alt="Datadog new dashboard configuration" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

The new widget will now be available on the dashboard.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/datadog/datadog-website-new-dashboard-preview.png" alt="Datadog new dashboard configuration" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />


## Use The Datadog Agent On A Remote Host

You can install the Datadog Agent on a separate machine to monitor Prometheus metrics or OpenMetrics data from a FusionAuth host remotely. The FusionAuth Prometheus endpoint can also be monitored using the OpenMetric-Datadog integration.

To access the Prometheus endpoint and allow Prometheus metrics on your FusionAuth instance, ensure you have configured an API key by following the steps in the [Set Up Prometheus API Access In FusionAuth](#set-up-prometheus-api-access-in-fusionauth) section.

Integrating Datadog with OpenMetrics or Prometheus consists of two parts: First you install the integration using the install button on the tile in the Datadog UI, then you install the Datadog Agent and configure an OpenMetrics or Prometheus collector.

### Integrate Datadog With OpenMetrics

To install the OpenMetrics integration in Datadog, select <Breadcrumb>Integrations</Breadcrumb> from the left sidebar, search for "OpenMetrics", and click on the OpenMetrics tile.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/datadog/datadog-openmetrics-install-integration.png" alt="Datadog OpenMetrics integration" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

### Integrate Datadog With Prometheus

To install the Prometheus integration in Datadog, select <Breadcrumb>Integrations</Breadcrumb> from the left sidebar, search for "Prometheus", and click on the Prometheus tile.

### Install The Datadog Agent

To install the Datadog Agent, navigate to the [agent download page](https://us5.datadoghq.com/account/settings/agent/latest?platform=overview) and select your platform.

Follow the instructions for your platform. Take care to use the correct region. This guide uses `us5.datadoghq.com`, but yours may be different depending on your selection when you created your Datadog account in the [Set Up A Datadog Account](#set-up-a-datadog-account) section. If prompted, choose a folder to save the download to or it will be saved to your default downloads folder.

Run the downloaded installer and follow the prompts, accept the license agreement, and enter your Datadog API key and region.

When installation is complete, you are given the option to launch the Datadog Agent Manager. Launch the Datadog Agent Manager.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/datadog/datadog-agent-windows-setup.png" alt="Datadog agent set up" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

Look for a green button at the top that says "Connected to Agent". If there is no button, follow the installation instructions again.

### Configure Prometheus Metrics

Click <InlineUIElement>Checks</InlineUIElement> in the left sidebar and select <InlineUIElement>Manage Checks</InlineUIElement>. Select "Prometheus" from the list.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/datadog/datadog-agent-prometheus-config.png" alt="Datadog agent Prometheus config" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

Add the following config details for the remote FusionAuth server to the right-hand pane:

```yaml
## All options defined here are available to all instances.
init_config:
  
instances:
  - prometheus_url: https://<Your FusionAuth domain>/api/prometheus/metrics
    namespace: Prometheus_remote_metrics # namespace to identify requests in Datadog
    metrics:
      - '*'  # you can filter or add specific metrics here, see documentation.
    headers:
      Authorization: '<Your FusionAuth API key>'
      Content-Type: 'application/json'
```

Save the config by clicking <InlineUIElement>Add check</InlineUIElement>.

Restart the agent. Select <InlineUIElement>Checks</InlineUIElement> from the sidebar to visit the checks summary page and confirm that the collector is running.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/datadog/datadog-agent-prometheus-check-summary.png" alt="Datadog agent Prometheus check summary" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

To see the results in Datadog, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Metrics Explorer</Breadcrumb>. Use the `Prometheus_remote_metrics` namespace defined in the above config to add metrics in the metrics explorer, and specify the last 15 minutes for the period. You will see data being pulled from the FusionAuth Prometheus endpoint. Now you can follow the instructions in [Set Up A Datadog Dashboard](#set-up-a-datadog-dashboard) to add these metrics to your dashboard.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/datadog/datadog-website-metrics-explorer-prometheus.png" alt="Datadog website metrics explorer Prometheus" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />


## Use A Python App To Send Events To Datadog

You can use the Datadog API to create cron jobs or services on your FusionAuth instance to provide additional custom events or logs to Datadog.

Before running a script, install the `requests` and `datadog-api-client` libraries.

```sh
pip install requests datadog-api-client
```

The sample Python script below checks that a given FusionAuth host is alive and sends a status event to Datadog.

```python
import requests

from datadog_api_client import ApiClient, Configuration
from datadog_api_client.v1.api.events_api import EventsApi
from datadog_api_client.v1.model.event_create_request import EventCreateRequest
from datetime import datetime

# Get the current date and time
now = datetime.now()


def is_website_alive(url):
    try:
        response = requests.get(url, timeout=10)
        # Check if the response status code is 200 (OK)
        if response.status_code == 200:
            return True
        else:
            return False
    except requests.RequestException as e:
        # If there was an issue (e.g., network error, timeout), the website is not reachable
        print(f"Error: {e}")
        return False
    

formatted_now = now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")


url = "https://<Your FusionAuth domain>"
if is_website_alive(url):
    status  = f"[{ formatted_now}] - {url} is alive. "
else:
    status = f"[{ formatted_now}] - {url} is not reachable."

#### here you can define your message/event
body = EventCreateRequest(
    title="FusionAuthStatusEvent",
    text=status,
    tags=[
        "FusionAuth:StatusEvent",
    ],
)


configuration = Configuration()

configuration.api_key["apiKeyAuth"] = "<Your Datadog API key>"
configuration.server_variables["site"] = "us5.datadoghq.com" #your Region
configuration.api_key["appKeyAuth"] = "<your Application key if needed>"

with ApiClient(configuration) as api_client:
    api_instance = EventsApi(api_client)
    response = api_instance.create_event(body=body)

    print(response)
```

Run the script, then navigate to <Breadcrumb>Service Mgmt -> Event Management -> Explorer </Breadcrumb> on the Datadog website to see that the event was logged.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/datadog/datadog-custom-events.png" alt="Datadog custom events" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />

Read more about the available Datadog APIs [here](https://docs.datadoghq.com/api/latest/using-the-api/).

## Send Data To Datadog With The OpenTelemetry Collector

You can use the OpenTelemetry Java collector to push data from the FusionAuth host to Datadog.

To use the OpenTelemetry Java collector with Docker, modify the official FusionAuth Docker image to download the OpenTelemetry Java agent and change the script that starts FusionAuth. Configuration values for Java OpenTelemetry are described [here](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/languages/java/configuration).

Save the [Dockerfile from the FusionAuth containers repo](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/blob/master/docker/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/Dockerfile) to your computer.

Edit the file. Above the comment labeled "###### Start FusionAuth App", insert the following code.

```
##### NEW FOR OPENTELEMETRY #######################################################################
RUN mkdir -p /var/lib/apt/lists/partial \
    && chmod 755 /var/lib/apt/lists/partial \
    && apt update \
    && apt install -y ca-certificates \
    && cd /usr/local/fusionauth \
    && curl -L -o otel.jar https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java-instrumentation/releases/download/v2.4.0/opentelemetry-javaagent.jar\
    && (head -n -1 /usr/local/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/bin/start.sh; echo 'exec "${JAVA_HOME}/bin/java" -javaagent:/usr/local/fusionauth/otel.jar -Dotel.resource.attributes=service.name=fusionauth -Dotel.traces.exporter=otlp -Dotel.exporter.otlp.endpoint=http://otel:4318 -cp "${CLASSPATH}" ${JAVA_OPTS} io.fusionauth.app.FusionAuthMain <&- >> "${LOG_DIR}/fusionauth-app.log" 2>&1') > temp.sh \
    && mv temp.sh /usr/local/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/bin/start.sh;
RUN chown fusionauth:fusionauth /usr/local/fusionauth/otel.jar /usr/local/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/bin/start.sh \
    && chmod +x /usr/local/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/bin/start.sh
```

This code edits the `start.sh` file, the script that starts FusionAuth when the container starts, replacing the final line with the new command.

By default, the OpenTelemetry Java agent sends data to the OpenTelemetry collector at http://localhost:4317. The code above changes it to send data to the container at `http://otel:4318`.

Build the Dockerfile into a new image to use in place of the official FusionAuth one.

```sh
docker build --platform linux/amd64 -t faimage .
```

Now save the [`docker-compose.yaml`](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/blob/main/docker/fusionauth/docker-compose.yml) and [sample `.env`](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/blob/main/docker/fusionauth/.env) files from the FusionAuth containers repo. 

In the `docker-compose.yaml` file, change the line `image: fusionauth/fusionauth-app:latest` to point to the image you have just built `image: faimage:latest`.

To include the OpenTelemetery collector service in your compose configuration, add the following service to the `docker-compose.yaml` file. 

``` yaml
# OpenTelemetry Collector Contrib
  otel:
    image: otel/opentelemetry-collector-contrib:latest
    volumes:
      - ./otel-collector.yml:/etc/otel-collector.yml
    command: ["--config=/etc/otel-collector.yml"]
    #,"--feature-gates=-exporter.datadogexporter.DisableAPMStats"]
    ports:
      - "1888:1888"   # pprof extension
      - "8888:8888"   # Prometheus metrics exposed by the collector
      - "8889:8889"   # Prometheus exporter metrics
      - "13133:13133" # health_check extension
      - "4317:4317"   # OTLP gRPC receiver
      - "4318:4318"   # OTLP gRPC receiver
      - "55679:55679" # zpages extension
    environment:
      - OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_LOGS_ENDPOINT=http://otel:4318/v1/logs
      - OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_ENDPOINT=http://otel:4318
      - OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_TRACES_ENDPOINT=http://otel:4318/v1/traces
    networks:
      - db_net
      
    depends_on:
      - db
      - search
      - fusionauth
```

Now create an `otel-collector.yml` file in the same directory as the `docker-compose.yaml` file to use with the otel container. This file is passed into the container with the `docker-compose.yaml` configuration. Add the following to the `otel-collector.yml` file.

```yaml
receivers:
  hostmetrics:
      scrapers:
        load:
        cpu:
        disk:
        filesystem:
        memory:
        network:
        paging:
        # process:
  otlp:
    protocols:
      http:
        #endpoint: "localhost:4318"
      grpc:
        #endpoint: "localhost:4317"
processors:
  batch:
    send_batch_max_size: 100
    send_batch_size: 10
    timeout: 10s
    
connectors:
  datadog/connector:

exporters:
  datadog/exporter:
    api:
      site: "us5.datadoghq.com"   #<make sure of your region>
      key: "<Your Datadog API key>"
service:
  pipelines:
    traces:
      receivers: [otlp]
      processors: [batch]
      exporters: [datadog/connector, datadog/exporter]
    metrics:
      receivers: [hostmetrics, otlp, datadog/connector] #// The connector provides the metrics to your metrics pipeline
      processors: [batch]
      exporters: [datadog/exporter]
```

Start the Docker containers with the command below.
  
```bash
docker compose -f docker-compose.yaml up -d

# if you want to monitor the progress
# docker compose logs --follow
```

## Visualize OpenTelemetry Metrics In Datadog

Select <Breadcrumb>Integrations</Breadcrumb> from the left sidebar, search for "OpenTelemetry", and click on the OpenTelemetry tile to install the integration.

On the Datadog website, see the OpenTelemetry metrics on graphs by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Dashboards -> Dashboard List -> OpenTelemetry Host Metrics Dashboard</Breadcrumb>.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/datadog/dataDog-opentelemetry-dashboard.png" alt="Datadog OpenTelemetry dashboard" role="bottom-cropped" width="1200" />


## Further Reading

- [FusionAuth metrics](/docs/operate/monitor#metrics)
- [OpenTelemetry documentation](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/what-is-opentelemetry)
- [OpenTelemetry Java documentation](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java-instrumentation)
- [Datadog OpenTelemetry documentation](https://docs.datadoghq.com/opentelemetry/collector_exporter/)
- [FusionAuth containers](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/blob/master/docker/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/Dockerfile)
- [Getting Started with the Datadog Agent](https://docs.datadoghq.com/getting_started/agent/)
- [Datadog Ubuntu Agent Install Script Configurations options](https://github.com/DataDog/agent-linux-install-script/blob/main/README.md#agent-configuration-options)
- [Install FusionAuth with Docker](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/docker)
- [Pricing](https://www.datadoghq.com/pricing/)
- [Datadog Agents](https://docs.datadoghq.com/getting_started/agent/)
- [OpenTelemetry Metric Format](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/otel/metrics/data-model/#point-kinds)
- [Datadog Metric Types](https://docs.datadoghq.com/metrics/types/?tab=count)
- [Datadog Metrics](https://docs.datadoghq.com/metrics/)

# Elastic

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import IconButton from 'src/components/IconButton.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

[Elastic](https://www.elastic.co) is a company known for managing the ELK stack: Elasticsearch, Logstash, and Kibana. These products allow you to import (ingest) data, including observability data like logs and server metrics, organize it, and monitor it.

This guide explains how to connect FusionAuth to Elastic in various ways, identifies FusionAuth metrics that are useful in Elastic, and shows how to create a simple dashboard to show them.

Before continuing with this guide, please go through the [FusionAuth guide to monitoring](/docs/operate/monitor) to get an overview of the available metrics and choose the ones relevant to your needs.

Refer to the [Elastic documentation](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/observability/current/index.html) to learn more about the Elastic Observability platform, and compare Elastic subscriptions on the [pricing page](https://www.elastic.co/pricing). The Standard (lowest) pricing tier includes sufficient observability features, including handling logs and metrics.

Elastic can import and visualize different types of data, including server performance, application (FusionAuth) performance, and logs.

As well as monitoring FusionAuth with Elastic, you can use Elastic to monitor your custom application by following steps similar to the ones in this guide.

## Cloud-Hosted Or Self-Hosted?

Before 2021, Elastic products were open-source software. In 2021, Elastic changed their licenses to [Elastic License 2.0](https://www.elastic.co/licensing/elastic-license/faq) to prevent cloud hosts (AWS, Google, Azure) from freely selling managed Elastic services that compete with [Elastic Cloud](https://www.elastic.co/cloud/shared-responsibility).

While not officially open source, the Elastic License 2.0 still allows free and open (gratis and libre) use of most Elastic products, as long as you are not selling them as your own service. So you can host the Elastic stack on your own server instead of buying Elastic Cloud, but you will still need to pay Elastic to use [certain premium features](https://www.elastic.co/subscriptions), like AI.

This guide assumes you are using the paid Elastic Cloud for monitoring. If you are self-hosting Elastic, you should still be able to follow the guide, but you will need to change connections that point to Elastic Cloud to point to your own server. To install Elastic yourself in Docker, follow the first half of this [guide](https://www.elastic.co/blog/getting-started-with-the-elastic-stack-and-docker-compose) until you reach the MetricBeat section.

In the Elastic documentation (for example, the [getting started guide](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/observability/current/logs-metrics-get-started.html)), you may read that "you need an Elastic Stack deployment". Note that this does not mean you need to deploy the entire ELK stack locally alongside your application or FusionAuth instance. It simply means that you need to have the Elastic Stack installed somewhere, which will likely be on their Elastic Cloud.

## Create An Elastic Account

First, register for an Elastic account:

- Register for a trial at https://cloud.elastic.co/registration.
- Verify your email address using the link in the email Elastic sends you.
- Enter your details on the registration page and create a new deployment called `fa`. Note that your two-week free trial starts when you create the deployment.

## How To Send Data To Elastic Cloud

There are many ways to use Elastic. This guide will help you choose the simplest combination that suits the needs of your system architecture.

[Elastic Agent](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/fleet/current/fleet-overview.html) sends data from your server to Elastic Cloud for processing and monitoring. To use Elastic Cloud, you must first install Elastic Agent on your server.

The options for sending data to Elastic Cloud include:

- Install Elastic Agent in the same Docker container as FusionAuth.
- Install Elastic Agent in a separate container and give it access to the private Docker management data for other containers.
- Install a local [OpenTelemetry](https://opentelemetry.io/) agent to send data to Elastic instead of using Elastic Agent.
- Call the Elastic API directly from a local service instead of using Elastic Agent.

## Monitor FusionAuth With Elastic In The Same Container

Running FusionAuth and PostgreSQL in Docker usually looks like the diagram below (you might also run OpenSearch in another Docker container).

![FusionAuth with Postgres Database](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/elastic/secure-and-monitor-monitor-with-elastic.png)

In this section, you will install Elastic Agent in the same container as FusionAuth. The aim is to have a design like the diagram below.

![FusionAuth with Elastic Agent running in Docker sending data to Elastic Server that has Kibana with Elasticsearch and Fleet](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/elastic/secure-and-monitor-monitor-with-elastic-in-same-container-docker.png)

FusionAuth and PostgreSQL are unchanged. Elastic Agent in the FusionAuth container monitors the container (not the FusionAuth app) and uploads the data to Elasticsearch, where it is indexed and saved.

Kibana is a web interface that provides dashboards of the health of the Elastic Agent's container. Note that Elastic Agent is not yet monitoring FusionAuth in this design, but if the container dies or suffers CPU or RAM overuse, that will show in the Kibana dashboard.

Fleet is the web app that tracks all Elastic Agents on all servers. It allows you to set Agent Policies that tell the agents remotely what data they should and shouldn't upload. You can also use Fleet to delete or edit existing agents.

This design is useful when you don't have full control over the Docker environment, as you may not have on some cloud hosts. However, the design violates the principle of one process per Docker container. This means the Elastic Agent process can die while the container and FusionAuth process keep running, which will cause confusion when viewing the dashboard.

Running Elastic Agent on the same server as FusionAuth is also useful when you aren't using Docker (that is, running FusionAuth directly on your server). In this case, your system will look like the diagram below.

![FusionAuth running directly on server with Elastic Agent sending data to Elastic Server that has Kibana with Elasticsearch and Fleet running](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/elastic/secure-and-monitor-monitor-with-elastic-in-same-container-directly-on-your-server.png)

Here's how to implement this design.

Navigate to the home page of your Elastic Cloud web interface and do the following:
- At the bottom of the sidebar, click <Breadcrumb>Management -> Fleet</Breadcrumb>.
- Select the <Breadcrumb>Agent policies</Breadcrumb> tab, then click <InlineUIElement>Create agent policy</InlineUIElement>.
- Name the policy `efa`. Review the advanced options if you like, but leave their defaults unchanged.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Create agent policy</InlineUIElement>.
- Back on the agent policy list page, click the name of your new policy, `efa`.
- Under the <Breadcrumb>Integrations</Breadcrumb> tab, the "System" integration should show. Click the name of the integration to open a page to edit it. If you don't see the system integration, click <InlineUIElement>Add integration</InlineUIElement> to the right, search for `System`, and add it.
![Add System integration in Elastic](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/elastic/elastic2.png)

- Disable <InlineUIElement>Collect events from the Windows event log</InlineUIElement> and leave the system collection and metric collection toggles enabled. Since your Docker instance runs Ubuntu there is no need for Windows events.
- Click on <InlineUIElement>Save integration</InlineUIElement> at the bottom right.
- Return to the <Breadcrumb>Agents</Breadcrumb> tab of the Fleet page and click <InlineUIElement>Add Agent</InlineUIElement>.
- Choose your newly created agent policy in the dropdown that appears for step 1.
- Copy the text to install the "Linux Tar" version of the agent in step 3, which will be similar to the commands below, but with different parameters.
  ```sh
  curl -L -O https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/beats/elastic-agent/elastic-agent-8.14.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
  tar xzvf elastic-agent-8.14.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
  cd elastic-agent-8.14.2-linux-x86_64
  sudo ./elastic-agent install --url=https://9025e4274.fleet.us-central1.gcp.cloud.es.io:443 --enrollment-token=a2lB5aA1dUagaTk5FUsE743dw==
  ```
- From the last line of the command sequence, note the subdomain of the URL, which is your unique Elastic Cloud home, and the enrollment token, which is your secret key to use Elastic. Keep the token secure and safe, and never commit it to GitHub where it can be publicly exposed.

Now leave the Elastic site and complete the following steps in a terminal on your computer: 
- Install [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/) if you don't have it on your machine.
- Save the Dockerfile from the [FusionAuth containers repository](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/blob/master/docker/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/Dockerfile) to your computer.
- Rename the file to `elastic.dockerfile`.
- Edit the file and insert the following lines above the comment "###### Start FusionAuth App".
  ```sh
  ###### New for Elastic #################################
  RUN mkdir -p /var/lib/apt/lists/partial \
    && chmod 755 /var/lib/apt/lists/partial \
    && apt update \
    && apt install -y ca-certificates \
    && apt install nano sudo -y \
    && echo "fusionauth ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" > /etc/sudoers.d/fusionauth \
    && curl -L -O https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/beats/elastic-agent/elastic-agent-8.14.3-linux-x86_64.tar.gz \
    && mkdir -p /elastic \
    && tar xzvf elastic-agent-8.14.3-linux-x86_64.tar.gz --strip-components=1 -C /elastic \
    && yes | /elastic/elastic-agent install --url=https://9059ac5.fleet.us-central1.gcp.cloud.es.io:443 --enrollment-token=lBSVldsaUlMRnoyZGh2Zw==
  ```
- Change the URL and token in the last line to match your values from the Elastic website. Update the version number of the agent if yours is newer.
- Replace the last line of the file, `CMD ["/usr/local/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/bin/start.sh"]` with `CMD sudo /opt/Elastic/Agent/elastic-agent run & /usr/local/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/bin/start.sh`. Now both the Elastic Agent and FusionAuth will run when the container starts. The Agent has to run as root as it [reads data sources that only a superuser can access](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/fleet/current/elastic-agent-installation.html). Even though the Dockerfile unzips the Agent to `/agent/`, the agent installs to `/opt/Elastic/Agent/`.
- Build the image with the command below.
  ```sh
  docker build --platform linux/amd64 -t efaimage -f elastic.dockerfile .
  ```
- Use the modified `docker-compose.yml` file from the FusionAuth [five-minute guide](/docs/get-started/start-here/step-1) to have the content below. It uses the `efaimage` image you just built for FusionAuth.
  ```yaml
  services:
    db:
      image: postgres:latest
      container_name: fa_db
      ports:
        - "5432:5432"
      environment:
        PGDATA: /var/lib/postgresql/data/pgdata
        POSTGRES_USER: ${POSTGRES_USER}
        POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${POSTGRES_PASSWORD}
      healthcheck:
        test: [ "CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U postgres" ]
        interval: 5s
        timeout: 5s
        retries: 5
      networks:
        - db_net
      volumes:
        - db_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data

    fa:
      image: efaimage
      container_name: efa
      depends_on:
        db:
          condition: service_healthy
      environment:
        DATABASE_URL: jdbc:postgresql://db:5432/fusionauth
        DATABASE_ROOT_USERNAME: ${POSTGRES_USER}
        DATABASE_ROOT_PASSWORD: ${POSTGRES_PASSWORD}
        DATABASE_USERNAME: ${DATABASE_USERNAME}
        DATABASE_PASSWORD: ${DATABASE_PASSWORD}
        FUSIONAUTH_APP_MEMORY: ${FUSIONAUTH_APP_MEMORY}
        FUSIONAUTH_APP_RUNTIME_MODE: ${FUSIONAUTH_APP_RUNTIME_MODE}
        FUSIONAUTH_APP_INSTALLATION_SOURCE: site/monitor-elastic
        FUSIONAUTH_APP_URL: http://fusionauth:9011
        SEARCH_TYPE: database
      networks:
        - db_net
      ports:
        - 9011:9011
      volumes:
        - fusionauth_config:/usr/local/fusionauth/config
      extra_hosts:
        - "host.docker.internal:host-gateway"

  networks:
    db_net:
      driver: bridge

  volumes:
    db_data:
    fusionauth_config:
  ```
- Create a `.env` file with the default content below.
  ```text
  DATABASE_USERNAME=fusionauth
  DATABASE_PASSWORD=hkaLBM3RVnyYeYeqE3WI1w2e4Avpy0Wd5O3s3
  FUSIONAUTH_APP_MEMORY=512M
  FUSIONAUTH_APP_RUNTIME_MODE=development
  OPENSEARCH_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms512m -Xmx512m"
  POSTGRES_USER=postgres
  POSTGRES_PASSWORD=postgres
  ```
- Start FusionAuth with `docker compose up`.

Return to the Elastic web interface, and you should see the message "Agent enrollment confirmed".

You should see the agent in the Fleet dashboard with the status showing `Healthy`.

![Fleet Agent overview in Elastic](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/elastic/elastic3.png)

In the sidebar, browse to <Breadcrumb>Analytics -> Dashboards</Breadcrumb>. Search for and display `Host overview`.

![Host overview dashboard in Elastic](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/elastic/elastic4.png)

The monitoring agent for your FusionAuth machine is now installed and you can now monitor it online.

### How To Debug The Container

If you get errors when running FusionAuth, or the Agent does not appear in Fleet, you will need to open a terminal in the container to find the problem.

To stop FusionAuth and the Agent starting so you can test manually, change the last line of the Dockerfile to the line below.

```sh
CMD tail -f /dev/null
```

Rebuild the Dockerfile after changes.

```sh
docker rm fa; docker rm efa; docker rmi efaimage; docker build --platform linux/amd64 -t efaimage -f elastic.dockerfile .
```

Run the container and enter it as root.

```sh
docker run -it --user root --name efa efaimage bash
```

Start the agent with `/opt/Elastic/Agent/elastic-agent run` and use `cat /var/log/elastic-agent.err` to look for errors. If you see the agent trying to connect to `127.0.0.1:9200`, it is not because the URL is configured incorrectly. The 127 address is just a fallback when the agent cannot connect to the server, usually due to it not running as root.

## Monitor FusionAuth With Elastic In Another Container

Running Elastic Agent and FusionAuth in the same container requires altering the FusionAuth Dockerfile, which means you have to edit the file and rebuild the image every time you want to use a new version of FusionAuth.

Running Elastic Agent in a separate container will avoid this problem, but you need to have full control over the machine running Docker to give Elastic Agent access to restricted Docker data (the Docker socket). This may not be possible on some cloud hosts.

Running Elastic Agent in a separate container to FusionAuth is shown in the diagram below.

![Elastic Agent running in Docker talking with FusionAuth on the same server in Docker. The Elastic Agent is also talking to an external Elastic Server.](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/elastic/secure-and-monitor-monitor-with-elastic-in-another-container-docker.png)

Below are the instructions to implement this design. They follow from the work you did in the previous section.

- Browse to the Elastic web interface.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Add integrations</InlineUIElement> on the sidebar. Search for and add Docker.
- Give it the name `fadocker`.
- At the bottom of the page, name the new policy `fadockerpolicy`.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Save and continue</InlineUIElement>.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Add Elastic Agent to your hosts</InlineUIElement>. You need the URL and token given on the page that shows, but you won't need the installation commands. Elastic already provides a prebuilt Docker image you can use instead.
- Change the Docker compose file you used in the previous section to replace the custom `efaimage` image with the normal FusionAuth image.
  ```yaml
  fa:
    image: fusionauth/fusionauth-app:latest
  ```
    Note that you could continue using the `efaimage` image if you wanted to. Elastic allows you to run as many agents as you want, and will collect data from all of them.
- Add a new service to the compose file for the Elastic Agent image. Replace your URL and enrollment token in the markup below with the values from the Elastic web page.
  ```yaml
  faelastic:
    image: elastic/elastic-agent:8.14.3
    container_name: faelastic
    user: root
    networks:
      - db_net
    environment:
      - FLEET_ENROLL=1
      - FLEET_ENROLLMENT_TOKEN=YTRBMBa1RvUQ==
      - FLEET_URL=https://905ec5.fleet.us-central1.gcp.cloud.es.io:443
    volumes:
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro    # `ro` makes the folder readonly in the container to protect your real machine
      - /var/lib/docker/containers:/var/lib/docker/containers:ro
  ```
  - `/var/run/docker.sock` allows Elastic Agent to view Docker metrics about other containers. It will work on Linux and macOS hosts, but might not work on Windows. If you encounter socket problems on Windows, please read [this article](https://tomgregory.com/aws/running-docker-in-docker-on-windows/) and try prefixing your local socket path with an extra slash.
  - `/var/lib/docker/containers` allows Elastic Agent to read the logs of other containers.
- Run the Elastic Agent container first, so that it will see some log information from other containers when they start. Run `docker compose up faelastic`.
- In the Elastic Cloud web interface, browse to the sidebar and then <Breadcrumb>Observability -> Logs -> Stream</Breadcrumb>.
- Run the other Docker containers with `docker compose up db fa`
- You should be able to see the FusionAuth log output appearing in the Elastic web interface.
  ![Log stream from Docker containers in Elastic](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/elastic/elastic10.png)

- Browse to the sidebar and then <Breadcrumb>Analytics > Dashboards > [Metrics Docker]Overview</Breadcrumb>. You should see details about all your Docker containers.
  ![Docker metrics overview in Elastic](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/elastic/elastic5.png)

## Monitor The FusionAuth Application Directly With Elastic

You've learned how to monitor the FusionAuth container in two different ways. Since a Docker container will exit if the process it runs exits, this monitoring will tell you if FusionAuth dies, which might be enough for you to know. But if you want to monitor details about the FusionAuth app itself, there are various approaches:

- Use an [Elastic APM (application performance monitoring) app for Java](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/observability/current/_step_3_install_apm_agents.html) inside the FusionAuth container to monitor the Java Virtual Machine. Since monitoring Java won't give you any useful information that monitoring the container doesn't already, you can ignore this idea. There is a guide to running FusionAuth with a Java monitoring app by altering the Dockerfile in the [FusionAuth Splunk guide](./splunk) if you would like to try.
- Use an [OpenTelemetry Java monitoring agent](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java-instrumentation) to send information about FusionAuth to Elastic. This is similar to the previous point - OpenTelemetry won't provide any useful information that container monitoring doesn't already. Using OpenTelemetry is also shown in the [FusionAuth Splunk guide](./splunk). Elastic has a guide to Java [here](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/observability/8.14/apm-open-telemetry.html) that you can use with the Splunk guide.
- Use a specialized Elastic service like Heartbeat to connect to the FusionAuth HTTP server and see if it returns correctly. You can install Heartbeat in a container like we did for Elastic Agent in the previous section, and point it to the FusionAuth URL. A guide on Heartbeat is [here](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/beats/heartbeat/current/heartbeat-overview.html).
- Send custom metrics from FusionAuth to Elastic. This is the most complex option, as you need to write a custom service to request FusionAuth metrics, extract them from the given zip file, and upload them to Elastic using the Elastic API. However, this is the only way to get precise information about FusionAuth if you want that level of detail. This option will be discussed in the next section.

## Send Custom FusionAuth Metrics To The Elasticsearch API

There are three possible ways to send custom data to Elastic:

- Write your own service to run continuously, get data, and send it by calling the Elasticsearch API.
- Build a custom private module in Go for [MetricBeat](https://www.elastic.co/beats/metricbeat), compile the module with MetricBeat, and deploy the output to a container. MetricBeat is similar to Elastic Agent. It is an Elastic service that runs continuously, calling whatever integration it's configured with. To write a custom module (integration), follow the [Elastic developer documentation](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/beats/devguide/current/metricbeat-dev-overview.html).
- Deploy MetricBeat in a container with the stock [HTTP module](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/beats/metricbeat/current/metricbeat-module-http.html). The HTTP module can call any custom API. Write a web service in another container as an interface between MetricBeat and FusionAuth. This service will get whatever metrics you want from FusionAuth and return them in the HTTP response.

Each option has disadvantages. While calling the API directly has the least code, it is low-level work that moves away from using the Elastic components as intended and requires you to configure values to group your custom data with other data from Elastic Agent in the dashboard. Using MetricBeat is Elastic's recommended solution, but it means writing and compiling Go code for every service change or running an additional Docker container with its own web service.

This guide will show you how to send FusionAuth metrics to the Elasticsearch API by creating a custom Docker service that calls the FusionAuth API and sends metrics directly to the Elastic API.

The design looks like the diagram below.

![Custom metric getter code in Docker calling FusionAuth in a Docker instance and an external Elastic Server API call to Elasticsearch.](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/elastic/secure-and-monitor-monitor-with-elastic-send-custom-fusionauth-metrics-to-the-elasticsearch-api.png)

### Which Metrics To Monitor

FusionAuth has too [many metrics](/docs/operate/monitor#metrics) to discuss in this article. You will need to decide which are important for you to monitor by reading the documentation.

In addition to the metrics available through the various FusionAuth APIs, you can create your own metrics using any event that can trigger a [webhook](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks). This webhook can call another Docker container you create that listens for incoming events and forwards them to Elastic.

A useful metric to start with is login counts. If this number drops from the average, it's a good sign something might be wrong with your system. In this guide, you'll learn how to create a program that uses the FusionAuth API to get the login count, then upload it to Elastic.

You can add any other metrics you want to this service.

### Create An Elastic API Key

Earlier you used an enrollment token tied to a specific Agent Policy to configure Elastic Agent. Now, to call the Elasticsearch API directly, you need an API key.

- In the Elastic Cloud web interface, open the sidebar and browse to <Breadcrumb>Search -> Elasticsearch</Breadcrumb>.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Endpoints & API keys</InlineUIElement>.
- Note your endpoint and cloud Id values.
- Click <InlineUIElement>New API key</InlineUIElement>.
- Give it a name and enable "Security Privileges" and "Metadata".
- Click <InlineUIElement>Create API Key</InlineUIElement>.
- Securely save the key to use later. Never commit the key to Git, which can expose it on the internet.

### Create An Elasticsearch Index

To prepare Elasticsearch for data upload, open a terminal and run the three commands below, using your API key and URL in the first two commands. The API key is the value of the `encoded` field from the JSON in Elastic, not the `api_key` field.

```sh
export elasticKey="WGdLQ=="
export elasticUrl="https://c301.us-central1.gcp.cloud.es.io:443"
curl -X PUT "${elasticUrl}/falogins" -H "Authorization: ApiKey ${elasticKey}" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d'
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "timestamp": { "type": "date" },
      "value": { "type": "text" }
    }
  }
}'

# Result:
# {"acknowledged":true,"shards_acknowledged":true,"index":"falogins"}
```

These commands create an index (think of an index as a database table) to which you can upload FusionAuth metrics. If you receive an authentication or 404 error, please check your URL and API key settings.

Check that the index exists by running the command below.

```sh
curl "${elasticUrl}/falogins" -H "Authorization: ApiKey "${elasticKey}"" -H "Content-Type: application/json"

# Result:
# {"falogins":{"aliases":{},"mappings":{"properties":{"timestamp":{"type":"date"},"value":{"type":"integer"}}},"settings":{"index":{"routing":{"allocation":{"include":{"_tier_preference":"data_content"}}},"number_of_shards":"1","provided_name":"falogins","creation_date":"1721213253232","number_of_replicas":"1","uuid":"JXwp3mzBTJqkQH6sNkEvPg","version":{"created":"8505000"}}}}}
```

Let's review the index in Elastic Cloud.

- In the web interface, open the sidebar, and browse to <Breadcrumb>Management -> Stack Management -> Index Management</Breadcrumb>.
  ![Index management in Elastic](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/elastic/elastic6.png)

- You should see `falogins` in the list. Click it.
- Click the <Breadcrumb>Mappings</Breadcrumb> tab.
  ![Index mappings in Elastic](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/elastic/elastic7.png)

You can now see the type of data that the index will accept. You can create indexes manually instead of using the API if you like. Creating mappings manually will show you all the types of fields that Elasticsearch supports.

### Write A Custom Service To Send Data To The API

Let's get the login records every ten seconds and send them to Elastic. All the FusionAuth APIs that give you event data are documented [here](/docs/apis). The login records API is documented [here](/docs/apis/login#request-6). Note that, while the documentation says the date format is the standard Java type, some constants like `ISO_LOCAL_DATE_TIME` are not supported. You need to enter the format string you want manually.

Unfortunately, all the APIs export events as zip files — you will not get JSON or YAML data in memory. You will need to create a script that gets the zip file, extracts it, reads it, formats the entries for Elastic, and uploads them.

Browse to FusionAuth, which is at http://localhost:9011 if you are running through the default Docker setup. Log in and look for your application Id in <Breadcrumb>System -> Login Records</Breadcrumb>.

Next, create an API key by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> API Keys</Breadcrumb> and clicking the <IconButton icon="plus" color="green" /> button. Enter a <InlineField>Description</InlineField> for the API key and click on the <IconButton icon="save" color="blue" /> button to save the API key. On the API Keys list page, click the red lock <IconButton icon="lock" color="red" /> next to the newly generated key to reveal the key value. Copy and save the key.

Create a file called `app.sh`. Insert the content below, replacing your FusionAuth API key, FusionAuth application Id, and your Elastic API key and Elastic URL.

```sh
#!/bin/sh

# exit on error
set -e

# get login records from fusionauth
faUrl="http://fa:9011/api/system/login-record/export" # use "http://localhost:9011... for testing this script outside of Docker
faKey="33052c8a-c283-4e96-9d2a-eb1215c69f8f-not-for-prod"
faAppId="3c219e58-ed0e-4b18-ad48-f4f92793ae32"
elasticKey="WGdNxOUkwQQ=="
elasticUrl="https://c36cbc1.us-central1.gcp.cloud.es.io:443"
dateFormat=$(echo -n "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSS" | jq -sRr @uri)
end=$(date +%s)000
start=$(($end - 3600000))
params="applicationId=${faAppId}&dateTimeSecondsFormat=${dateFormat}&start=${start}&end=${end}"
url="${faUrl}?${params}"
echo "curl -H \"Authorization: ${faKey}\" -o record.zip \"$url\""
curl -H "Authorization: ${faKey}" -o record.zip "$url"
unzip -o record.zip
cat login_records.csv

# for each record, get the user and  unix time in ms
tail -n +2 login_records.csv | while IFS=',' read -r userId time rest; do
  userId=$(echo "$userId" | tr -d ' "' )
  time=$(echo "$time" | tr -d ' "')                      # 2024-06-21T05:14:56.123
  time=$(echo "$time" | tr 'T' ' ')                      # 2024-06-21 05:14:56.123
  sec="$(date -d "$(echo $time | cut -d '.' -f 1)" +%s)" # 1718946896
  ms="$(echo $time | cut -d '.' -f 2)"                   # 123

  # make the POST data
  data=$(cat <<EOF
{
  "timestamp": ${sec}${ms},
  "value": "${userId}"
}
EOF
)

  # send data to Elastic API
  curl -X POST "${elasticUrl}/falogins/_doc" -H "Authorization: ApiKey ${elasticKey}" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d "$data"

done
```

This script gets all login records in the last hour to be sure the zip file has some data. In reality, replace 3600000 with 10000 so that when the script runs every ten seconds, it gets only the latest records. Note that FusionAuth uses milliseconds instead of the epoch standard of seconds, so the script has to append `000` to the normal Unix time.

The file returned from FusionAuth unzips to `login_records.csv`, which looks like the data below.

| "User Id "                           | "Time "                 | "Application Id "                    | "IP Address " | "City " | "Country " | "Zipcode " | "Region " | "Latitude " | "Longitude " |
|--------------------------------------|-------------------------|--------------------------------------|---------------|---------|------------|------------|-----------|-------------|--------------|
| ba81f3e2-3b0f-4d64-930f-38298de9dc0d | 2024-06-21T05:14:56.123 | 3c219e58-ed0e-4b18-ad48-f4f92793ae32 | 172.20.0.1    |         |            |            |           |             |              |
| ba81f3e2-3b0f-4d64-930f-38298de9dc0d | 2024-06-21T05:07:06.406 | 3c219e58-ed0e-4b18-ad48-f4f92793ae32 | 172.20.0.1    |         |            |            |           |             |              |

The records in this file look different from those in the FusionAuth console. Only Ids are given here, not email addresses or application names.

The second half of the script reads in the CSV file, discards the header, and sends the user Id and the time of each login to Elastic.

Create a file called `metricDockerfile`. Insert the content below.

```
FROM --platform=linux/amd64 alpine:3.19
RUN apk add --no-cache curl jq nano
COPY app.sh /app.sh
RUN chmod +x app.sh
CMD watch -t -n 10 /app.sh
```

Build the container with the command below.

```sh
docker build -f metricDockerfile --platform linux/amd64 -t metricimage .
```

Edit your `docker-compose.yml` file and add the new service as follows.

```
  fametric:
    image: metricimage
    container_name: fametric
    networks:
      - db_net
```

Now run all the containers with `docker compose up`.

The output should be as below. Since you logged in within the last hour, there will be one row in the exported file and one value will be sent to Elastic. If you don't see any rows displayed on the screen, log in to FusionAuth again.

```sh
curl -H "Authorization: 33052c8a-c283-4e96-9d2a-eb1215c69f8f-not-for-prod" -o record.zip "http://fa:9011/api/system/login-record/export?applicationId=3c219e58-ed0e-4b18-ad48-f4f92793ae32&dateTimeSecondsFormat=yyyy-MM-dd%27T%27HH%3Amm%3Ass.SSS&start=1721215014000&end=1721218614000"
fametric  |   % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
fametric  |                                  Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100   319    0   319    0     0  42962      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 45571
fametric  | Archive:  record.zip
fametric  |   inflating: login_records.csv
fametric  | "User Id ","Time ","Application Id ","IP Address ","City ","Country ","Zipcode ","Region ","Latitude ","Longitude "
fametric  | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001,2024-07-17T05:26:05.740,3c219e58-ed0e-4b18-ad48-f4f92793ae32,172.21.0.1,,,,,,
fametric  | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001,2024-07-17T05:25:59.800,3c219e58-ed0e-4b18-ad48-f4f92793ae32,172.21.0.1,,,,,,

```

If the metric has not uploaded correctly, you can debug the container by running `docker exec -it fametric sh` in a new terminal. Once in the container, you can alter the script with `nano /app.sh`. Add `-v` to the `curl` command to see verbose output. Run the script with `/app.sh`.

If you have trouble calling the FusionAuth API, review the [troubleshooting tips](/docs/apis/#troubleshooting).

If you alter `app.sh` in your host machine and want to rerun the containers, use the command below.

```sh
clear; docker build -f metricDockerfile --platform linux/amd64 -t metricimage .; docker compose up
```

You can follow the process described here to add other FusionAuth API calls to `app.sh` to get other metrics to send to Elastic.

### View The Metrics In Kibana

The final step to use your metrics is to create a dashboard to view them in Kibana. You are going to show recent logins on a timeline to indicate the health of FusionAuth. Since the `UserId` field is free text and thus not aggregatable, you will not be able to visualize it, but it will be available for search if you need to run queries against users in Elasticsearch.

- In the Elastic Cloud web interface, open the sidebar and browse to <Breadcrumb>Search -> Elasticsearch -> Indices -> falogins -> Documents</Breadcrumb>. You should see data in the table. If not, please run `app.sh` manually and debug where it is failing, paying attention to all API keys and URLs.
  ![Login rate data from the FusionAuth](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/elastic/elastic8.png)
- In the sidebar, browse to <Breadcrumb>Analytics -> Dashboards -> Create dashboard -> Create visualization</Breadcrumb>.
- In the index combo box in the top left, change from `logs-*` to `falogins`.
- Click the <InlineUIElement>+</InlineUIElement> button next to "timestamp" to add it to the dashboard.
- Change the time in the top right to "Today".
- Change the visualization type to "Bar vertical".
  ![Login rate dashboard in Elastic](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/elastic/elastic9.png)
- Click <InlineUIElement>Save and return</InlineUIElement>.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Save</InlineUIElement>.
- Give the dashboard a name like `FusionAuth login rate` and save.

You now have a dashboard to monitor the health of FusionAuth. Following the process in this section, you can extract any metrics from the FusionAuth API, create an index for them in Elastic, upload the metrics in a Docker container, and create a dashboard for them in Kibana.

## Final System Architecture

A relatively simple but adequate monitoring architecture with Elastic might look as follows.

![Elastic Agent monitors all Docker infrastructure and the FusionAuth logs, while the custom metric service provides fine-grained FusionAuth data to Elastic to monitor the app itself.](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/elastic/secure-and-monitor-monitor-with-elastic-final-system-architecture.png)

In this design, Elastic Agent monitors all Docker infrastructure and the FusionAuth logs, while the custom metric service provides fine-grained FusionAuth data to Elastic to monitor the app itself.

## Next Steps

Now that you can monitor FusionAuth in Elastic, you should enable Elastic [alerts](https://www.elastic.co/kibana/alerting) to notify you by email or in Slack if something goes wrong, like a massive decrease in login rates, a Docker container restarting, or a log output containing `error`.

## Further Reading

- [FusionAuth metrics](/docs/operate/monitor#metrics)
- [Getting started with Docker and Elastic](https://www.elastic.co/blog/getting-started-with-the-elastic-stack-and-docker-compose)
- [Elasticsearch REST API](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/docs-index_.html)

# Monitor

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import LoadTestingIntro from 'src/content/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/_load-testing-intro.mdx';
import LoadTestingTips from 'src/content/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/_load-testing-tips.mdx';
import WhatIsOpenTelemetry from 'src/components/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/whatIsOpentelemetry.mdx';

Once you've installed FusionAuth and your applications use it for authentication, you'll want to ensure FusionAuth remains online and operational. An ecosystem of tools, protocols, and paid services are available to monitor applications and provide telemetry (remote measurement) to help you maintain FusionAuth's availability and performance.

This overview article will introduce you to various metrics (measurements) you can extract from FusionAuth and common monitoring tools to process, store, and visualize them.

Your choice of tools and services will depend on the specific information you need about the state of FusionAuth, the time you are willing to spend setting up and maintaining your monitoring system, and your budget for cloud services.

### What Is Monitoring?

The aim of monitoring FusionAuth is to be able to see at any time if the service is alive (Docker container is running) and functioning correctly (users can sign in and logs have no errors), and to be alerted (by email or chat app) if either of these conditions is not met.

A complete monitoring system involves five activities:

- Measuring — Getting operational data about FusionAuth and Docker.
- Processing — Filtering, indexing, and aggregating data into counts and booleans that represent whether the system is working correctly.
- Storing — Storing metrics, logs, and aggregates.
- Displaying — Showing the information in a dashboard. (A query language might do the aggregation here instead of the processing step.)
- Alerting — Notifying administrators when services degrade or fail.

While you can use stock Docker-monitoring apps to monitor Docker containers and collect logs, you will need to write custom code or [webhooks](/docs/apis/webhooks) to get FusionAuth-specific information, like the number of successful logins.

## What FusionAuth Metrics Can Be Monitored?

The table below lists the metadata available from FusionAuth for monitoring purposes. Unless otherwise noted, all these metrics are available both with FusionAuth self-hosted and FusionAuth Cloud.

| Name          | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               | Access | More Information                                                         | FusionAuth Cloud Differences |
|---------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------|
| Status       | System health information.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | Read using API endpoints.                                                                            | [More info](/docs/apis/system#retrieve-system-status)            | Affected by metrics collisions. [Learn more](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/2379). |
| Login API    | The authentication response for an individual user.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | Read using API endpoints.                                                                            | [More info](/docs/apis/login)            | API calls may be affected by [rate limits](/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/cloud#captcha-and-rate-limits). |
| Metrics       | System metrics, such as JVM buffers, memory, and threads.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | Read using API endpoints. Data available in Prometheus-compatible format.                                                                            | [More info](/docs/operate/monitor#metrics)            | Affected by metrics collisions. [Learn more](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/2379). |
| System Logs   | Exceptions, stack traces, database connection issues, Elasticsearch connection issues. Enable debug logging to show more tracing data. Logs are also written to the Docker standard output.                                                                                                                                                                                     | Export as a ZIP file using the API.                                                                                                         | [More info](/docs/operate/troubleshooting#system-log-ui) | Logs may be removed without notice. |
| Audit Logs    | Logs admin UI actions. You may add your own data to the audit log using the Audit Log API.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Read using API endpoints or a webhook.                                                                                                            | [More info](/docs/apis/audit-logs)                                       | API calls may be affected by [rate limits](/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/cloud#captcha-and-rate-limits). |
| Event Logs    | Debug information for external integrations with IdPs, SMTP, and other services. This is usually runtime errors that are caused by an external service that can't be effectively communicated at runtime. Some examples: a template rendering error in a custom theme, an exception connecting to SMTP due to bad credentials, a failure in a SAML exchange, or a connection to a webhook fails. | Read using API endpoints or a webhook.                                                                                                            | [More info](/docs/operate/troubleshooting#event-log)     | API calls may be affected by [rate limits](/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/cloud#captcha-and-rate-limits). |
| Login records | A record of each successful login that includes IP information, application, user, and a timestamp.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | Read using API endpoints. In addition, you can use a webhook to record login success or failure. | [More info](/docs/apis/login#export-login-records)                       | API calls may be affected by [rate limits](/docs/get-started/run-in-the-cloud/cloud#captcha-and-rate-limits). |
| Webhooks      | Triggered by event. Contains IP and location information when available and enabled for the instance's license.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | Send to an HTTP URL or a Kafka topic.                                                                                              | [More info](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/)                           |   |

The next few subsections detail each of these items.

### Log Files

The system log files will be placed in the `logs` directory under the FusionAuth installation unless you are running FusionAuth in a container. In that case, the log output will be sent to `stdout` by default. You may also set up a [Docker logging driver](https://docs.docker.com/config/containers/logging/configure/) to direct log files elsewhere.

System logs running in non-containerized instances can also be exported via the [Export System Logs API](/docs/apis/system#export-system-logs).

[Learn more about FusionAuth log files](/docs/operate/troubleshooting#logs).

### Application Logging

A few different APIs expose FusionAuth application-specific information you may want to ingest into your monitoring system:

* [FusionAuth administrative user interface audit logs](/docs/apis/audit-logs)
* [Logs and errors from asynchronous code execution](/docs/apis/event-logs)
* [Login records](/docs/apis/login#export-login-records)

In general, these are APIs you will have to poll to ingest.

### Log File Formats


| Log Type      | Export Format                                                                                                      | Timezone                                                                                                         | Date Format                                                                             | API Docs                                     |
|---------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------|
| Audit Logs    | Zipped CSV                                                                                                         | Specified by the `zoneId` parameter                                                                              | Specified by the `dateTimeSecondsFormat` parameter, defaults to `M/d/yyyy hh:mm:ss a z` | [API](/docs/apis/audit-logs)                 |
| Event Logs    | JSON                                                                                                               | UTC                                                                                                              | [Instant](/docs/reference/data-types#instants)                                          | [API](/docs/apis/event-logs)                 |
| Login Records | Zipped CSV                                                                                                         | Specified by the `zoneId` parameter                                                                              | Specified by the `dateTimeSecondsFormat` parameter, defaults to `M/d/yyyy hh:mm:ss a z` | [API](/docs/apis/login#export-login-records) |
| System Logs   | Zipped directory of files. Log entries separated by newlines, but may be unstructured (for example, stack traces). | For log entries, the timezone of the server. The `zoneId` parameter, if provided, is used to build the filename. | `yyyy-MM-dd h:mm:ss.SSS a`                                                              | [API](/docs/apis/system#export-system-logs)  |

<Aside type="note">
There are currently no plugins for ingesting FusionAuth logs into a log management system. A polling script using a [client library](/docs/sdks/) is usually sufficient. Please [file an issue](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues) if this does not meet your needs.
</Aside>

### Application Events

You may want to ingest application events such as failed authentication or account deletion into your monitoring system. These are available as webhooks.

Here's [the list of all available events](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/).

### Metrics

You can pull system metrics from the [System API](/docs/apis/system#retrieve-system-status). The format of these metrics is evolving and thus not documented.

You can also enable JMX metrics as outlined in the [troubleshooting documentation](/docs/operate/troubleshooting#enabling-jmx).

#### Prometheus Endpoint

Default system metrics are also available in a Prometheus-compatible form. [This tutorial](/docs/operate/monitor/prometheus) explains how to set up Prometheus to monitor FusionAuth metrics.

## Overview Of Popular Monitoring Tools

This section introduces the most common monitoring tools. The table at the end of the section illustrates each tool's suitability for the five monitoring activities: measuring, processing, storing, displaying, and alerting.

### What Is OpenTelemetry?

<WhatIsOpenTelemetry></WhatIsOpenTelemetry>

Read the [guide to monitoring FusionAuth with OpenTelemetry](/docs/operate/monitor/opentelemetry).

### What Is Prometheus?

[Prometheus](https://prometheus.io/docs/introduction/overview) is a monitoring and alerting toolkit with a built-in time series database designed to efficiently store metrics and provide data through a custom query language. Prometheus offers instrumentation tools to collect metrics from networks, machines, and some [programming languages](https://prometheus.io/docs/instrumenting/clientlibs/). While Prometheus includes basic charting capabilities, more advanced dashboards require integration with Grafana. You can use the Prometheus [Alertmanager](https://github.com/prometheus/alertmanager) to handle alerts.

Prometheus can be used for all activities in the monitoring chain, though some at a very basic level, but should [not be used to store logs](https://prometheus.io/docs/introduction/faq/#how-to-feed-logs-into-prometheus).

For example, you could run the Prometheus network monitoring agent to monitor the amount of data traveling your network every second as a metric and save the data to the Prometheus database. You could then run an adhoc query to visualize the network usage in the last hour as a chart with the Prometheus web interface.

### What Is Grafana?

[Grafana](https://grafana.com/grafana) is an open-source dashboard app that can be self-hosted or cloud-hosted with a fee. Grafana does not aggregate or process data but can retrieve aggregated metrics from data providers that support a query language capable of aggregation. Grafana can also trigger [alerts](https://grafana.com/docs/grafana/latest/alerting/fundamentals/).

For example, you could create a dashboard in Grafana that queries Prometheus every few seconds to get the network usage over the last hour and display it as a chart.

### What Is Grafana Loki?

Although Grafana does not store data, [Grafana Loki](https://grafana.com/oss/loki/), a separate tool that is part of the Grafana brand, does store data. Loki receives and stores logs. It has a similar purpose to Elasticsearch and Logstash (explained in the next section).

Unlike Logstash, Loki does not do significant processing to the logs it receives. So Loki can run faster, but provides less data for indexed searching.

For example, you could redirect the output of your app's logs from the Docker container standard output to Loki for storing.

### What Are Elasticsearch, Logstash, And Kibana (ELK)?

Elasticsearch is a database that stores and searches indexed non-relational data. You can either save logs directly to Elasticsearch, or first send logs to Logstash for processing and indexing, which forwards the processed logs to Elasticsearch for saving.

Both tools are managed by the Elastic company and are designed to integrate with the Elastic dashboard tool, Kibana.

You could use Elasticsearch similarly to both Prometheus and Loki, in the same way as their examples.

### What Are OpenSearch And OpenSearch Dashboard?

[OpenSearch and OpenSearch Dashboard](https://opensearch.org/faq) are the open-source versions of the Elasticsearch and Kibana tools. OpenSearch was forked from Elastic at version 7.10 and is maintained by AWS.

Note that while not strictly open source for all uses, both Elastic products are free for most uses and the code is available (gratis and libre). Only reselling Elastic products as a hosted service in competition with Elastic Cloud is disallowed. So until the features of Elastic and OpenSearch diverge significantly, you can treat them as equivalents for your monitoring purposes.

### What Are Jaeger, Zipkin, and Grafana Tempo?

[Jaeger](https://www.jaegertracing.io/docs/1.59/) is an open-source monitoring tool made by [Uber](https://www.uber.com/en-IE/blog/distributed-tracing) to understand user requests across distributed microservices. You don't need to use Jaeger with FusionAuth since FusionAuth is a single service.

[Zipkin](https://zipkin.io/), made by Twitter, is similar to Jaeger but was developed earlier. [Grafana Tempo](https://grafana.com/oss/tempo/) is another similar tool, and is the most modern of the three distributed tracing options.

### What Tools Are Available To Send Alerts To Administrators?

Some of the monitoring components discussed in the previous sections can alert system administrators when applications fail. Alerts can be sent to:

- Email: You will probably need to subscribe to a mail sender service to receive email alerts, unless your internet provider allows you access to the SMTP protocol.
- Computer chat apps: Computer chat apps like Slack and Discord can receive alert messages in a specific channel for free. Slack and Discord clients can be installed on your phone to be sure you never miss an alert.
- Public notification web apps: There are public websites, like https://ntfy.sh and https://webhook.site that allow anyone to send messages to named channels for free. ntfy also has a mobile app that will notify you when a channel receives a message. Since these services are public, you should never send secrets to them.
- Phone chat apps: For example, WhatsApp and Threema. WhatsApp requires a phone number to sign up. Threema does not need a phone number but requires you to buy the mobile app for a small one-time fee. Both services charge a fee for businesses to send messages to users.

Grafana's OnCall tool consolidates and redirects multiple alerts from various systems. This might be a good option for you if you have support staff that monitor an alert system in shifts rather than wait to receive an email.

### What Can You Do With A Custom Script?

As a simple and free alternative to all the tools above, you could write a small web service in JavaScript, Go, or Python to continuously call the FusionAuth website or API, and if it fails, send an alert to the administrator.

If you want to monitor any FusionAuth metrics directly instead of only the FusionAuth container, you will need to write a custom script to call the FusionAuth API anyway.

### Monitoring Tools Compared

The table below shows which tools are available for each type of activity in the monitoring flow.

Remember that Prometheus, Loki, and Grafana all work together, in the same way all the Elastic products work together.

| &nbsp;                                   | Measure                      | Process        | Store               | Display                    | Alert (send)               | Alert (receive) |
|------------------------------------------|------------------------------|----------------|---------------------|----------------------------|----------------------------|-----------------|
| FusionAuth webhooks                      | Yes                          | No             | No                  | No                         | No                         | No              |
| Custom script                            | Yes                          | Yes            | No                  | No                         | Yes                        | No              |
| OpenTelemetry                            | Yes                          | Yes            | No                  | No                         | No                         | No              |
| Elastic                                  | Yes (Elastic Agent or Beats) | Yes (Logstash) | Yes (Elasticsearch) | Yes (Kibana)               | Yes (Kibana)               | No              |
| OpenSearch                               | Yes                          | Yes            | Yes                 | Yes (OpenSearch Dashboard) | Yes (OpenSearch Dashboard) | No              |
| Prometheus                               | Yes                          | Yes            | Yes                 | Yes                        | Yes (Alertmanager)         | No              |
| Grafana                                  | No                           | No             | No                  | Yes                        | Yes (OnCall)               | No              |
| Loki (logs only)                         | No                           | Yes            | Yes                 | No                         | No                         | No              |
| Email, Slack, Discord, WhatsApp, Threema, Webhook.site, ntfy.sh | No                           | No             | No                  | No                         | No                         | Yes             |

There are other paid and hosted monitoring services that aren't discussed in this article, like Splunk (integration guide with FusionAuth [here](/docs/operate/monitor/splunk)) and Datadog, which have their own tools and typically implement the OpenTelemetry Protocol.

## Which Tools Should You Choose?

Which combination of monitoring tools you choose is based on:
- How much you need to know about your system (coverage). Do you want to know only that FusionAuth is running, or monitor the login count per hour?
- How much time you want to spend building and maintaining a monitoring system. Less time means you'll have less information about your system, and possibly spend more on specialized monitoring cloud services that handle maintenance for you.
- How much money you want to spend. If you want to pay as little as possible, there are free tools available for all aspects of monitoring, but you will have to install them on your own server and monitor them too.

If you already use a paid cloud monitoring service, it probably has all the components you need to monitor FusionAuth. Continue using that.

### A Sample Of Monitoring Tool Choices

Below are some examples of how you could monitor FusionAuth. The table gives an example configuration, how much of FusionAuth usability it covers, how expensive it is, and what its flaws are.

| System                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               | Coverage                                                                              | Cost | Notes                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| A custom web service that either checks the FusionAuth container is running or calls the FusionAuth API to check there are no errors. If either condition is not met, the service alerts the administrator by posting a message to Slack or Discord. | You can make the service check as many or as few metrics as you want.                 | Free | You need to write custom code. You won't have a dashboard or a store of historical performance data and logs.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
| Install the Elasticsearch or OpenSearch stack in Docker on your server. Monitor your Docker container cluster with ElasticAgent.                                                                                                                     | Low. You know only if your container is running or not.                               | Free | Setting up the Elastic stack yourself is initially complex and time-consuming. You will automatically have dashboards available in Kibana.                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| As above, the Elastic stack, but also save logs to Elasticsearch, and write a custom web service to upload FusionAuth metrics via the Elastic API                                                                                                    | Very high. You will know every detail about your instance and can search stored data. | Free | Substantial work needed.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| As above, the Elastic stack with custom code, but use Elastic Cloud as your paid monitoring host.                                                                                                                                                    | Very high                                                                             | High | Much less work needed than self-hosting, and no need to worry about a failing monitoring service you need to maintain.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| Run Prometheus in a container and point it to the stock FusionAuth endpoints for Prometheus.                                                                                                                                                         | Medium                                                                                | Free | Simple to set up. Will provide you with a simple dashboard, metric storage, and alerts, all provided by Prometheus alone.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| As above, Prometheus with FusionAuth endpoints, but save logs with Grafana Loki, and create comprehensive permanent dashboards with Grafana.                                                                                                         | High                                                                                  | Free | More complex to set up and maintain, but will provide very detailed information with high-quality usability for administrators.                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
| A custom web service to extract FusionAuth metrics, plus the tools of a paid monitoring service like Datadog or Splunk.                                                                                                                              | High                                                                                  | High | You will need to write a custom web service as no monitoring service integrates naturally with FusionAuth. The service's existing monitoring components should cover everything else you need, such as container monitoring and log indexing. If you are a large firm that already uses a paid service for your other software, this is the easiest choice. |

In any of these systems, you can configure a trigger to send alerts to your preferred chat app using its API, for example, to a Slack channel using the Slack API. Most paid services, like Elastic Cloud, will have stock Slack integrations that won't need you to code an API call yourself.

### Monitoring Monitors

Remember that if you're using a self-hosted monitoring system, you won't be alerted if the system dies — nothing monitors the monitor. To overcome this you will need to:

- Pay for an external monitoring service instead of self-hosting.
- Use a simple heartbeat monitoring service that checks only that your hosted monitoring service is contactable.
- Write a service to monitor the monitor on a separate self-hosted server.

## Load Testing

{/* shared with cloud guide */}
<LoadTestingIntro />

### Tips

{/* shared with cloud guide */}
<LoadTestingTips />

# OpenTelemetry

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import WhatIsOpenTelemetry from 'src/components/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/whatIsOpentelemetry.mdx';

This guide explains how to monitor FusionAuth with OpenTelemetry.

<WhatIsOpenTelemetry></WhatIsOpenTelemetry>

Please read the [FusionAuth monitoring overview](/docs/operate/monitor) before proceeding. The overview explains the FusionAuth metrics, the activities that comprise a complete monitoring workflow, and the tools that complement OpenTelemetry, such as Prometheus and Elastic (which have their own FusionAuth guides). Review the [alternative monitoring services](/docs/operate/monitor#overview-of-popular-monitoring-tools) in the overview to ensure that OpenTelemetry is the right tool for your needs.

<Aside type="note">
FusionAuth doesn't support OpenTelemetry instrumentation for traces. For more information and to find status, see the [open GitHub issue to add instrumentation for traces](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1665).
</Aside>

## Architecture For Using OpenTelemetry With FusionAuth

Running FusionAuth and PostgreSQL in Docker usually looks like the diagram below (you might also run OpenSearch in another Docker container).

```mermaid
graph LR
  subgraph I[Your server]
    direction TB
    subgraph G[Docker]
      H[(PostgreSQL)]
    end
    subgraph C[Docker]
      A(FusionAuth)
    end
    subgraph E[Docker]
      F(Your app)
    end
  end
  D(User)
  D --> F
  D --> A
  C --> G
  F --> A
  style I fill:#999
```

This diagram shows three components that could die and need monitoring: the PostgreSQL database, FusionAuth, and your app (web server) that directs users to FusionAuth for login. In this guide, you'll focus on monitoring FusionAuth.

The tool you'll use to monitor FusionAuth is the OpenTelemetry Collector. It consists of two types of components:

- A **receiver**, which monitors a container or application and either directly produces its metrics or receives its metrics from another tool.
- An **exporter**, which exposes these metrics to other tools.

The Collector can also process the values it receives before exporting them.

Since you don't have access to the FusionAuth source code, there are three ways you can use OpenTelemetry to export FusionAuth metrics:

- Run an OpenTelemetry exporter inside the FusionAuth Docker container to monitor the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) in which FusionAuth runs. The FusionAuth team does not recommend this approach. You have to alter the provided Docker image to include the Java agent and to alter the image every time FusionAuth releases an update. The metrics the JVM provides also do not provide any useful information beyond the data provided by monitoring the container itself.
- Run an OpenTelemetry exporter in its own Docker container on your host. This will allow you to know whether FusionAuth is up and receive basic container health metrics, like CPU and RAM use.  Usually, the OpenTelemetry container requires administrative permissions to the Docker engine to get metrics about the FusionAuth container status, but OpenTelemetry can read metrics in the older Prometheus format provided by FusionAuth, so administrative permissions aren't required in this case.
- Write a custom script to request metrics from the FusionAuth API and forward them to an OpenTelemetry collector. This will allow you to monitor specific FusionAuth metrics, like application errors and user login rates.

In this guide, you'll set up the last two options.

If you are not using a paid cloud service, you will need to install Prometheus to view the OpenTelemetry metrics. That installation is explained briefly in this guide, but please work through the [Prometheus monitoring guide](/docs/operate/monitor/prometheus) too. OpenTelemetry also monitors more than Prometheus — OpenTelemetry can trace an entire web request across services, instead of recording only a metric at a point in time.

So why use OpenTelemetry if you are not using a paid monitoring service, do not need to trace requests inside FusionAuth, and could just use Prometheus by itself? For most FusionAuth users, there probably isn't any reason to use OpenTelemetry — Prometheus alone should be enough to monitor whether FusionAuth is up and running correctly. The only advantage running an OpenTelemetry collector offers is that it allows you to write a script that requests custom metrics (like user login counts) from the FusionAuth API and sends them through the OpenTelemetry collector to Prometheus, so you can get more detail about specific FusionAuth processes than you can get from Prometheus alone.

<Aside type="note">
If you're wondering how Prometheus can poll the OpenTelemetry Collector for metrics if the Collector doesn't store metrics, it's because the Collector keeps recently received metrics in RAM. However, the Collector does not store them for long or persist metrics to disk.
</Aside>

In the following sections of this guide, you will run:

- The OpenTelemetry Collector in Docker to poll the FusionAuth Prometheus endpoint
- A bash script in another container to poll the FusionAuth API to get data about user logins
- Prometheus in a final container to receive both the OpenTelemetry metrics

```mermaid
graph LR
  D(User)
  subgraph I[Your server]
    subgraph G[Docker]
      H[(PostgreSQL)]
    end
    subgraph C[Docker]
      A(FusionAuth)
    end
    subgraph P[Docker]
      Q(OpenTelemetry Collector)
    end
    subgraph E[Docker]
      B(Prometheus)
    end
    subgraph K[Docker]
      L(bash script)
    end
    subgraph J[Docker]
      F(Your app)
    end
  end
  D --> J
  D --> C
  C --> G
  F --> C
  K --> |pushes metrics to| P
  E --> |pulls metrics from| P
  P --> |pull Prometheus metrics from| C
  K --> |pull custom metrics from| C
  style I fill:#999
  style E fill:#944
  style K fill:#944
  style P fill:#944
```

This guide focuses on OpenTelemetry, not Prometheus and Grafana, and so uses the OpenTelemetry Collector. However, as of 2024, Grafana has released their own free and open-source version of an OpenTelemetry collector, called [Alloy](https://grafana.com/oss/alloy-opentelemetry-collector), that supports all Prometheus and OpenTelemetry protocols. It is component-based and has features that the OpenTelemetry Collector does not. You may prefer to use Alloy instead of OpenTelemetry Collector in your project.

![Grafana Alloy](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/opentelemetry/alloy.png)

## Run OpenTelemetry With Docker To Monitor FusionAuth

In this section, you will run FusionAuth, poll metrics from it with OpenTelemetry, and store those metrics in Prometheus.

Clone the sample [FusionAuth kickstart repository](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-docker-compose) with the command below.

```sh
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-docker-compose.git
cd fusionauth-example-docker-compose/light
```

The `docker-compose.yml` file currently starts FusionAuth and its database.

Add the two new services to the bottom of `docker-compose.yml`, before the `networks:` section, with the code below.

```yml
  otel:
    image: otel/opentelemetry-collector
    container_name: faOtel
    platform: linux/amd64
    depends_on:
      - fa
    ports:
      - 8889:8889
      - 4318:4318
    volumes:
      - ./collectorConfig.yml:/etc/otel-collector-config.yml
    networks:
      - db_net
    command: ["--config=/etc/otel-collector-config.yml"]


  prometheus:
    image: ubuntu/prometheus:2.52.0-22.04_stable
    container_name: faProm
    platform: linux/amd64
    depends_on:
      - otel
    ports:
      - 9090:9090
    volumes:
      - ./prometheusConfig.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
      - ./prometheusDb:/prometheus
    networks:
      - db_net
```

All containers in the configuration file are on the same network `db_net`.

The second service definition specifies that the [Prometheus image](https://hub.docker.com/r/ubuntu/prometheus) starts after the OpenTelemetry Collector, that you can browse to Prometheus on port `9090`, and that it will save its database and configuration file in persistent directories on your machine.

The first service definition states that the OpenTelemetry image comes from https://hub.docker.com/r/otel/opentelemetry-collector. Alternatively, you can use a [contrib](https://hub.docker.com/r/otel/opentelemetry-collector-contrib) image instead. The image is bigger and contains more components that interoperate with other OpenTelemetry tools you may want to use. The `ports` exposed in the configuration are `8889`, which Prometheus uses to pull metrics from OpenTelemetry Collector, and `4318`, which the Collector uses to receive custom metrics.

The `volumes` and `command` lines provide a configuration file for the Collector. Now, let's make that file, `collectorConfig.yml`, with the content below.

```yml
receivers:
  prometheus:
    config:
      scrape_configs:
        - job_name: 'fusionauth'
          scrape_interval: 15s
          scheme: http
          metrics_path: api/prometheus/metrics
          static_configs:
            - targets: ['fa:9011']
          basic_auth:
            username: "apikey"
            password: "33052c8a-c283-4e96-9d2a-eb1215c69f8f-not-for-prod"

exporters:
  prometheus:
    endpoint: "0.0.0.0:8889"

service:
  pipelines:
    metrics:
      receivers: [prometheus]
      exporters: [prometheus]
```

The Collector is configured to pull metrics from the apps it monitors (`receivers`) and allow other apps (`exporters`) to pull metrics from it. In this case, the Collector pulls metrics from FusionAuth in the Prometheus format every 15 seconds on `http://fa:9011/api/prometheus/metrics` using the API key set in the kickstart configuration file. Only one exporter is exposed — metrics in the Prometheus format on port `8889` (OpenTelemetry Collector exposes metrics about itself on port `8888`). For more information, see the [configuration documentation](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/collector/configuration/).

<Aside type="tip">
The FusionAuth kickstart configuration files created a superuser API key. For improved security in production, rather create an API key with only the `GET` permission for the `/api/prometheus/metrics` endpoint.
</Aside>

The last step is to create the `prometheusConfig.yml` file with the following content.

```yml
global:
  evaluation_interval: 30s
scrape_configs:
  - job_name: otel
    scrape_interval: 15s
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['otel:8889']
```

This configures Prometheus to pull metrics from the Collector every fifteen seconds.

Run all the containers with `docker compose up`. You should be able to log in to FusionAuth at http://localhost:9011 with email address `admin@example.com` and password `password`, and to Prometheus at http://localhost:9090.

To check that metrics are being pulled correctly, enter `up` on the Prometheus graph page and see whether any values appear after a minute. If you see nothing, check the Docker log files in the terminal.

![Prometheus metrics](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/opentelemetry/prometheus.png)

## Run A Bash Script To Send Custom Metrics To The OpenTelemetry Collector

FusionAuth provides only some information on its Prometheus endpoint. If you cannot find the information you are looking for in Prometheus, such as user login details, you will need to extract it yourself. In this section, you will learn how to use a custom metrics script to extract information from FusionAuth.

First, update your `collectorConfig.yml` file to allow the Collector to receive `otlp` (OpenTelemetry Protocol) metrics on port `4318` (at the top of the YAML), and add OTLP to the list of receivers at the bottom. The updated file content is shown below.

```yml
receivers:
  otlp:
    protocols:
      http:
        endpoint: 0.0.0.0:4318
  prometheus:
    config:
      scrape_configs:
        - job_name: 'fusionauth'
          scrape_interval: 15s
          scheme: http
          metrics_path: api/prometheus/metrics
          static_configs:
            - targets: ['fa:9011']
          basic_auth:
            username: "apikey"
            password: "33052c8a-c283-4e96-9d2a-eb1215c69f8f-not-for-prod"

exporters:
  prometheus:
    endpoint: "0.0.0.0:8889"

service:
  pipelines:
    metrics:
      receivers: [prometheus, otlp]
      exporters: [prometheus]
```

Next, create the custom metric script, the file `app.sh`, with the content below.

```sh
#!/bin/sh

# exit on error
set -e

# SECTION 1. get login records from FusionAuth
otelUrl="http://otel:4318/v1/metrics"
faUrl="http://fa:9011/api/system/login-record/export"
faKey="33052c8a-c283-4e96-9d2a-eb1215c69f8f-not-for-prod"
appId="3c219e58-ed0e-4b18-ad48-f4f92793ae32"

dateFormat=$(echo -n "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSS" | jq -sRr @uri)
end=$(date +%s)000
start=$(($end - 60000))  # milliseconds
params="applicationId=${appId}&dateTimeSecondsFormat=${dateFormat}&start=${start}&end=${end}"
url="${faUrl}?${params}"
echo "curl -H \"Authorization: ${faKey}\" -o record.zip \"$url\""
curl -H "Authorization: ${faKey}" -o record.zip "$url"
unzip -o record.zip
cat login_records.csv

# SECTION 2. for each record, get the user and unix time in ms
tail -n +2 login_records.csv | while IFS=',' read -r userId time rest; do
  userId=$(echo "$userId" | tr -d ' "' )
  time=$(echo "$time" | tr -d ' "')                      # 2024-06-21T05:14:56.123
  time=$(echo "$time" | tr 'T' ' ')                      # 2024-06-21 05:14:56.123
  sec="$(date -d "$(echo $time | cut -d '.' -f 1)" +%s)" # 1718946896
  ms="$(echo $time | cut -d '.' -f 2)"                   # 123

  # make OTLP JSON payload
   json_payload=$(cat <<EOF
{
  "resource_metrics": [{
    "resource": {
      "attributes": [
        {"key": "service.name", "value": {"stringValue": "fusionauth"}},
        {"key": "host", "value": {"stringValue": "fusionauth"}}
      ]
    },
    "scope_metrics": [{
      "metrics": [{
        "name": "login_event",
        "gauge": {
          "dataPoints": [{
            "asInt": 1,
            "timeUnixNano": "${sec}${ms}000000",
            "attributes": [ {"key": "user_id", "value": {"stringValue": "$userId"}} ]
          }]
        }
      }]
    }]
  }]
}
EOF
)

  # send data to Collector
  curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d "$json_payload" $otelUrl
done
```

All of `SECTION 1` above is used to download a file of user login records from FusionAuth. The URL, `api/system/login-record/export`, is called with a timespan from one minute ago until now. The records are downloaded as a ZIP file and extracted.

`SECTION 2` opens the unzipped CSV file with `tail`, loops through it with `while`, converts every line to a JSON object of the time the user logged in and their user Id, and still in the loop, uses `curl` to post the JSON data to the OpenTelemetry Collector on the `otelUrl`.

Build this script into an image by creating a file called `Dockerfile` with the content below. The last line runs the script every sixty seconds.

```sh
FROM --platform=linux/amd64 alpine:3.19
RUN apk add --no-cache curl nano jq bash docker-cli
COPY app.sh /app.sh
RUN chmod +x /app.sh
CMD watch -t -n 60 /app.sh
```

Build the image with the command below.

```sh
docker build --platform linux/amd64 -t scriptimage .
```

Use the new image in your `docker-compose.yml` configuration by adding the service below.

```yml
  script:
    image: scriptimage
    container_name: faScript
    platform: linux/amd64
    depends_on:
      - fa
      - otel
    networks:
      - db_net
```

Run everything with `docker compose up`, or if the other containers are already running, with `docker compose up script`. Check the terminal to confirm there are no errors in the Docker logs. In your browser, log out of FusionAuth and then log in again, so the custom script will retrieve a login metric for the last sixty seconds.

If the OpenTelemetry Collector and custom script worked correctly, when you browse to Prometheus you should now be able to see the `login_event` metric in the graph.

Since the metrics are separated by user Id, there are too many lines on the screen to be useful for monitoring. Use Prometheus queries like the following three to aggregate the metrics over time and group them across users.

```
count_over_time(login_event[5h])

sum(count_over_time(login_event{exported_job="fusionauth", instance="otel:8889", job="otel"}[5h]))

sum without(user_id) (count_over_time(login_event{exported_job="fusionauth", instance="otel:8889", job="otel"}[5h])) /5
```

Alternatively, you can remove the `attributes` property in the JSON section of `app.sh`, so that the `login_event` sent to the Collector has no user information.

If you cannot see the custom metrics arriving in Prometheus, it's faster to debug the script locally on your machine without Docker. To do so, you need to make the script executable by running `chmod +x app.sh`. You also have to change the two container URLs to `localhost` at the top of the script:

- `otelUrl="http://otel:4318` → `otelUrl="http://localhost:4318`
- `faUrl="http://fa:9011` → `faUrl="http://localhost:9011`

Now you can run the script with `./app.sh` and add `echo` statements to debug each section.

## Which Custom Metrics To Monitor?

You can add any other metrics you want to this bash script.

FusionAuth has too [many metrics](/docs/operate/monitor#metrics) to discuss in this article. You will need to decide which are important for you to monitor by reading the documentation.

In addition to the metrics available through the various FusionAuth APIs, you can create your own metrics using any events that trigger [webhooks](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks). A webhook can call another Docker container (created by you) that listens for incoming events and forwards them to the Collector.

A useful metric to start with is login counts. If this number drops from the average, it's a good sign something might be wrong with your system.

## Next Steps

OpenTelemetry is not a standalone tool. Read the FusionAuth guides to [Prometheus](/docs/operate/monitor/prometheus) and [Elastic](/docs/operate/monitor/elastic) to choose a complete system that provides a dashboard with alerts you can use in conjunction with OpenTelemetry.

## Further Reading

- [FusionAuth monitoring overview](/docs/operate/monitor)
- [FusionAuth metrics](/docs/operate/monitor#metrics)
- [OpenTelemetry Collector configuration documentation](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/collector/configuration)

# Prometheus, Loki, And Grafana

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

This guide explains how to monitor FusionAuth logs and metrics with the open-source tools [Prometheus](https://prometheus.io/docs/introduction/overview), [Loki](https://grafana.com/docs/loki), and [Grafana](https://grafana.com/grafana), and receive alerts when problems occur.

Please read the [FusionAuth monitoring overview](/docs/operate/monitor) for details on FusionAuth metrics, the activities in a complete monitoring workflow, and what Prometheus, Loki, and Grafana are. Review the [alternative monitoring services](/docs/operate/monitor#overview-of-popular-monitoring-tools) in the overview to ensure that Prometheus is the right tool for your needs.

This guide will show you how to set up Prometheus in Docker containers on your local machine. However, a paid, cloud-hosted alternative is also available from [Grafana Cloud](https://grafana.com/auth/sign-up/create-user).

## Initial Architecture

Running FusionAuth and PostgreSQL in Docker usually looks like the diagram below (you might also run OpenSearch in another Docker container).

```mermaid
graph LR
  D(User)
  subgraph I[Your server]
    subgraph G[Docker]
      H[(PostgreSQL)]
    end
    subgraph C[Docker]
      A(FusionAuth)
    end
    subgraph J[Docker]
      F(Your app)
    end
  end
  D --> J
  D --> C
  C --> G
  F --> C
  style I fill:#999
```

This diagram shows three components that could die and need monitoring: the PostgreSQL database, FusionAuth, and the app (web server) that directs users to FusionAuth for login. In this guide, you'll focus on monitoring FusionAuth by adding Prometheus to your setup. Prometheus will poll your FusionAuth instance for errors every fifteen seconds.

```mermaid
graph LR
  D(User)
  subgraph I[Your server]
    subgraph G[Docker]
      H[(PostgreSQL)]
    end
    subgraph C[Docker]
      A(FusionAuth)
    end
    subgraph E[Docker]
      B(Prometheus)
    end
    subgraph J[Docker]
      F(Your app)
    end
  end
  D --> J
  D --> C
  C --> G
  F --> C
  E --> |Prometheus pulls metrics from FusionAuth| C
  style I fill:#999
  style E fill:#944
```

<Aside type="caution">
These instructions are for monitoring FusionAuth with Prometheus when you are self-hosting.
FusionAuth Cloud deployments with more than one compute node round-robin requests to the Prometheus endpoint. Using this endpoint to monitor such a deployment is not recommended.
[Learn more about this issue here](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/2379).
</Aside>

## Run Prometheus To Monitor FusionAuth

Clone the sample [FusionAuth kickstart repository](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-docker-compose) with the command below.

```sh
git clone https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-docker-compose.git
cd fusionauth-example-docker-compose/light
```

Add the following code to `docker-compose.yaml` near the end, before the `networks:` section, to define a new service. The service uses the Ubuntu Docker image from Docker Hub for [Prometheus](https://hub.docker.com/r/ubuntu/prometheus).

```yaml
  prometheus:
    image: ubuntu/prometheus:2.52.0-22.04_stable
    platform: linux/amd64
    container_name: faProm
    depends_on:
      - fa
    ports:
      - 9090:9090
    networks:
      - db_net
    volumes:
      - ./prometheusConfig.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
      - ./prometheusDb:/prometheus
```

This service definition specifies that Prometheus starts after FusionAuth, is accessible on port 9090, and saves its database and configuration file in persistent directories on your machine.

Create a `prometheusConfig.yml` configuration file containing the content below.

```yaml
global:
  evaluation_interval: 30s
scrape_configs:
  - job_name: FusionAuth
    scrape_interval: 15s
    scheme: http
    metrics_path: api/prometheus/metrics
    static_configs:
      - targets: ["fa:9011"]
    basic_auth:
      username: "apikey"
      password: "33052c8a-c283-4e96-9d2a-eb1215c69f8f-not-for-prod"
```

This configures Prometheus to collect metrics from FusionAuth every 15 seconds and evaluate the metrics every 30 seconds. Prometheus uses the superuser API key, created by the FusionAuth kickstart configuration files, as `password`. For improved security in production, create an API key that has only `GET` permissions for the `/api/prometheus/metrics` endpoint.

If you prefer to allow unauthenticated access to the Prometheus metrics endpoint in FusionAuth from any local scraper, you can set `fusionauth-app.local-metrics.enabled=true`. See the FusionAuth [configuration reference](/docs/reference/configuration) for more information.

<Aside type="note">
To learn more about configuring Prometheus, see the [documentation](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/configuration).
</Aside>

Run all the containers with `docker compose up`. You should be able to log in to FusionAuth at http://localhost:9011 with email address `admin@example.com` and password `password`, and to Prometheus at http://localhost:9090.

To check that Prometheus has accepted your configuration file as valid, enter the container and use `promtool` to validate the YAML file.

```sh
docker exec -it faProm /bin/bash

promtool check config /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml

exit
```

The metrics FusionAuth exposes to Prometheus change over time. Some basic Java Virtual Machine (JVM) metrics are listed [here](/docs/apis/system#retrieve-system-metrics-using-prometheus). You can see exactly what metrics are available on your FusionAuth instance by running the command below.

```sh
curl -u "apikey:33052c8a-c283-4e96-9d2a-eb1215c69f8f-not-for-prod" 0.0.0.0:9011/api/prometheus/metrics

# Output:

# HELP HikariPool_1_pool_MinConnections Generated from Dropwizard metric import (metric=HikariPool-1.pool.MinConnections, type=com.zaxxer.hikari.metrics.dropwizard.CodaHaleMetricsTracker$$Lambda$292/0x0000000100449e40)
# TYPE HikariPool_1_pool_MinConnections gauge
HikariPool_1_pool_MinConnections 10.0
# HELP jvm_memory_heap_committed Generated from Dropwizard metric import (metric=jvm.memory.heap.committed, type=com.codahale.metrics.jvm.MemoryUsageGaugeSet$8)
# TYPE jvm_memory_heap_committed gauge
jvm_memory_heap_committed 5.36870912E8
# HELP prime_mvc___api_key_generate__requests Generated from Dropwizard metric import (metric=prime-mvc.[/api/key/generate].requests, type=com.codahale.metrics.Timer)
# TYPE prime_mvc___api_key_generate__requests summary
prime_mvc___api_key_generate__requests{quantile="0.5",} 0.2392109
prime_mvc___api_key_generate__requests{quantile="0.75",} 0.2392109
prime_mvc___api_key_generate__requests{quantile="0.95",} 0.2392109
prime_mvc___api_key_generate__requests{quantile="0.98",} 0.2392109
prime_mvc___api_key_generate__requests{quantile="0.99",} 0.2392109
prime_mvc___api_key_generate__requests{quantile="0.999",} 0.2392109
prime_mvc___api_key_generate__requests_count 1.0
...
```

If you get no response, add `-v` to the command to see what error occurs. If you see `401`, it is likely that your API key is incorrect.

Check what metrics Prometheus scraped from FusionAuth in the [Prometheus web interface](http://localhost:9090/tsdb-status) by browsing to <Breadcrumb>Menu -> Status -> TSDB Status</Breadcrumb> (time-series database).

![Prometheus metrics](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/prometheus/prometheusMetrics.png)

In the [Prometheus web interface](http://localhost:9090/targets), check that FusionAuth is running by browsing to <Breadcrumb>Menu -> Status -> Targets</Breadcrumb>.

![Prometheus targets](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/prometheus/prometheusTargets.png)

See charts of FusionAuth metrics in the [Prometheus web interface](http://localhost:9090/graph?g0.expr=HikariPool_1_pool_Usage&g0.tab=0&g0.display_mode=lines&g0.show_exemplars=0&g0.range_input=15m&g0.end_input=2024-09-10%2011%3A11%3A02&g0.moment_input=2024-09-10%2011%3A11%3A02) by browsing to <Breadcrumb>Menu -> Graph</Breadcrumb>. Push <kbd>Ctrl + Spacebar</kbd> in the text box to view all the metrics and functions available. Try entering `Database_primary_pool_Usage` and clicking <InlineUIElement>Execute</InlineUIElement>.

![Prometheus targets](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/prometheus/prometheusChart.png)

To monitor all FusionAuth errors, use the expression `prime_mvc_____errors_total`. A useful metric to monitor is simply called `up`, which has the value `1` if Prometheus successfully scraped its target.

<Aside type="tip">
At this point, Prometheus is set up and you can monitor FusionAuth. The rest of this guide will show you how to enhance the system with alerts and an improved dashboard.
</Aside>

## Run Alertmanager To Send Alerts

Let's set up a service to notify you when errors occur in FusionAuth.

The service will check if the `prime_mvc_____errors_total` counter has increased in the last minute. If it has, FusionAuth will send a message to a channel that your company can monitor, for example, on Discord or Slack, or by email or SMS.

The simplest and cheapest alert service is [ntfy.sh](https://ntfy.sh/). ntfy is free, but all channels are public, so don't broadcast secrets.

To see how ntfy works, run the command below in a terminal.

```sh
curl -H "Title: Error" -d "A FusionAuth error occurred in the last minute" ntfy.sh/fusionauthprometheus
```

Browse to the channel at https://ntfy.sh/fusionauthprometheus to see messages.

Now let's configure Prometheus to send errors automatically using the Prometheus [Alertmanager](https://prometheus.io/docs/alerting/latest/overview) component.

The Prometheus documentation doesn't say it explicitly, but Alertmanager is not included with Prometheus and must be run separately. This guide runs Alertmanager using the [Ubuntu Docker container](https://hub.docker.com/r/ubuntu/alertmanager).

<Aside type="caution">
At the time of writing, FusionAuth found an error in the Ubuntu container documentation. The Alertmanager configuration file path is actually `/etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml` not `/etc/prometheus/alertmanager.yml`.
</Aside>

Below is a diagram of the system design with the new components.

```mermaid
graph LR
  D(User)
  N(Ntfy.sh)
  subgraph I[Your server]
    subgraph G[Docker]
      H[(PostgreSQL)]
    end
    subgraph C[Docker]
      A(FusionAuth)
    end
    subgraph E[Docker]
      B(Prometheus)
    end
    subgraph K[Docker]
      L(AlertManager)
    end
    subgraph J[Docker]
      F(Your app)
    end
  end
  D --> J
  D --> C
  C --> G
  F --> C
  E --> |Prometheus pulls metrics from FusionAuth| C
  E --> K
  K --> N
  style I fill:#999
  style E fill:#944
  style K fill:#944
  style N fill:#944
```

Add the code below to the `docker-compose.yml` file to include the new Alertmanager container and point the existing Prometheus container to it.

```yaml
  alertmanager:
    image: ubuntu/alertmanager:0.27.0-22.04_stable
    platform: linux/amd64
    container_name: faAlert
    ports:
      - 9093:9093
    networks:
      - db_net
    volumes:
      - ./prometheusAlertConfig.yml:/etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml

  prometheus:
    image: ubuntu/prometheus:2.52.0-22.04_stable
    platform: linux/amd64
    container_name: faProm
    depends_on:
      - fa
      - alertmanager
    ports:
      - 9090:9090
    networks:
      - db_net
    volumes:
      - ./prometheusConfig.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
      - ./prometheusRules.yml:/etc/prometheus/rules.yml
      - ./prometheusDb:/prometheus
```

Update `prometheusConfig.yml` to provide Prometheus with the URL of the Alertmanager service and define the rules for when alerts should be sent.

```yaml
global:
  evaluation_interval: 30s
scrape_configs:
  - job_name: FusionAuth
    scrape_interval: 15s
    scheme: http
    metrics_path: api/prometheus/metrics
    static_configs:
      - targets: ["fa:9011"]
    basic_auth:
      username: "apikey"
      password: "33052c8a-c283-4e96-9d2a-eb1215c69f8f-not-for-prod"
rule_files:
  - rules.yml
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
    - static_configs:
        - targets:
            - "alertmanager:9093"
```

Create the `prometheusRules.yml` file below.

```yaml
groups:
  - name: fusionauthAlerts
    rules:
      - alert: FusionAuthError
        expr: prime_mvc_____requests_count > 0
        for: 30s
        labels:
          severity: error
        annotations:
          summary: FusionAuth Error Detected
          description: A FusionAuth error occurred in the last minute
```

Here, the `expr` expression rule checks the requests metric, not the errors metric, to be sure that a notification is sent in this prototype. In reality, you could use an error metric like `increase(prime_mvc_____errors_total[1m]) > 0`.

Finally, create a `prometheusAlertConfig.yml` configuration file for the Alertmanager.

```yaml
route:
  receiver: ntfy
  repeat_interval: 1m
receivers:
  - name: ntfy
    webhook_configs:
      - url: http://ntfy.sh/fusionauthprometheus
```

<Aside type="tip">
You can rename all these configuration files, as long as you update the filenames in the `docker-compose.yaml` file, too.
</Aside>

Push <kbd>Ctrl + C</kbd> in the terminal, and then run `docker compose up` again to start everything. Check the terminal logs to confirm that Alertmanager started successfully. If it didn't, check the configuration file and try to restart the service individually with `docker compose up alertmanager`.

Confirm that Alertmanager can connect to ntfy manually by running the command below in a new terminal.

```sh
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '[{"labels":{"alertname":"TestAlert"}}]' http://localhost:9093/api/v2/alerts
```

If you browse to http://localhost:9093, you should see the alert has arrived. Browse to the Status page to check that Alertmanager has successfully loaded the configuration file.

![Prometheus Alertmanager](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/prometheus/prometheusAlert.png)

If you wait a minute and then browse to https://ntfy.sh/fusionauthprometheus, you should see that Prometheus scraped FusionAuth, registered that requests were greater than zero, and sent an alert to Alertmanager, and that Alertmanager sent the alert to ntfy.

![ntfy.sh alerts](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/prometheus/prometheusNtfy.png)

Alertmanager sent ntfy raw JSON that includes the `annotations` fields from the `prometheusRules.yml` configuration. If you would like notifications to look neater, read about [templates](https://prometheus.io/docs/alerting/latest/notifications) in Prometheus.

## Run Grafana To Create A Dashboard

To display FusionAuth metrics in a set of charts in a dashboard instead of a single Prometheus query, you can use Grafana.

This section will show you how to run Grafana in Docker and create a simple dashboard to monitor FusionAuth.

Below is a diagram of the system design with the new components.

```mermaid
graph LR
  D(User)
  subgraph I[Your server]
    subgraph G[Docker]
      H[(PostgreSQL)]
    end
    subgraph C[Docker]
      A(FusionAuth)
    end
    subgraph E[Docker]
      B(Prometheus)
    end
    subgraph J[Docker]
      F(Your app)
    end
    subgraph M[Docker]
      O(Grafana)
    end
  end
  D --> J
  D --> C
  C --> G
  F --> C
  E --> |Prometheus pulls metrics from FusionAuth| C
  M --> E
  style I fill:#999
  style E fill:#944
  style M fill:#944
```

Add the new service below to `docker-compose.yml`.

```yaml
  grafana:
    image: ubuntu/grafana:11.0.0-22.04_stable
    platform: linux/amd64
    container_name: faGraf
    depends_on:
      - prometheus
    ports:
      - 9091:3000
    networks:
      - db_net
    volumes:
      - ./prometheusGrafanaConfig.ini:/etc/grafana/grafana-config.ini
      - ./prometheusGrafana/:/data/
      # - ./prometheusGrafanaProvisioning/:/conf/
```

This configuration uses the [Ubuntu Grafana container](https://hub.docker.com/r/ubuntu/grafana) to maintain consistency with the Ubuntu containers used previously.

None of the three volumes in the configuration above are needed for this example, but you will want to use them in production.

- The `/etc/grafana/grafana-config.ini` Grafana configuration file specifies values for settings like security, proxies, and servers. These values are explained in the [configuration documentation](https://grafana.com/docs/grafana/latest/setup-grafana/configure-grafana). Note that the documentation lists various places the configuration file could live inside the container. This path will differ between Docker images and operating systems. By default, the filename `/etc/grafana/grafana.ini` is different from the `grafana-config.ini` in this container. If you use a different image for Grafana, look at the Docker logs in the terminal to see where Grafana looks for configuration files when starting.
- The `/data` volume stores the Grafana database so that data persists if you restart the container.
- The `/conf` directory allows you to automatically provision infrastructure like data sources for Grafana to monitor and dashboards to create. Leave the volume commented out for now. If you uncomment it without having the correct files in your local directory, Grafana will fail to start. To create provisioning files, read the [documentation](https://grafana.com/docs/grafana/latest/administration/provisioning) and look at all the sample files in `/conf/provisioning/` when the container is running.

Run `docker compose up` to start Grafana (or `docker compose up grafana` if FusionAuth is already running).

Log in to Grafana at http://localhost:9091 with username and password `admin`.

![Grafana](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/prometheus/prometheusGrafana.png)

If you want to change the login settings in production, you can create the local file `prometheusGrafanaConfig.ini` with the example content below.

```ini
[security]
admin_user = admin2
```

Run `docker exec -it faGraf /bin/bash` to log in to the container and view sample files. For example, when in the container, run `more /conf/sample.ini` to see all configuration values. Lines starting with `;` are commented out.

Add a dashboard in the Grafana web interface:

- Click <InlineUIElement>Add your first data source</InlineUIElement> in the center of the home page.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Prometheus</InlineUIElement> to add the default Prometheus connection.
- In the Prometheus <InlineField>Connection</InlineField>, enter the URL of the Docker container, `http://prometheus:9090`.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Save & test</InlineUIElement>. Grafana should now be able to connect to Prometheus. (Note that this connection retrieves the FusionAuth metrics, which is what we want, not metrics about Prometheus itself.)
- Click <InlineUIElement>Dashboards</InlineUIElement> in the sidebar, and then <InlineUIElement>New dashboard</InlineUIElement> on the right.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Add visualization</InlineUIElement>.
- Select <InlineUIElement>prometheus</InlineUIElement> as the data source.
- Enter the value `prime_mvc_____errors_total` in the <InlineField>Metric</InlineField> browser field at the bottom. Click <InlineUIElement>Run queries</InlineUIElement>, change the panel <InlineField>Title</InlineField>, and then click <InlineUIElement>Apply</InlineUIElement> to save the visualization.
- Add another visualization with the value `prime_mvc___admin_login__requests` and save.
- Save the dashboard and give it the name `FusionAuth dashboard`. You can rearrange the charts if you would like to. The dashboard should look like the image below.

![Grafana dashboard](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/prometheus/prometheusDashboard.png)

You can add any other metrics as visualizations. In the browser, search for metrics related to user `login` or `oauth` to keep track of how your system is used.

If you edit the dashboard as a whole, The JSON Model tab contains the full configuration text for your dashboard, which you can use in the provisioning files referred to earlier to automatically recreate the dashboard in a new instance of Grafana.

You can also create a new dashboard by importing a standard template from the Grafana repository. However, there is no FusionAuth template currently, and FusionAuth does not export all the Java metrics necessary to use the [JVM template](https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/8563-jvm-dashboard/).

## Store Logs In Loki

The final monitoring component you might want to use is [Grafana Loki](https://grafana.com/docs/loki) for storing logs. Loki indexes only the metadata of a log line (its time, and attributes such as the server that sent it) and not its content. This is unlike Elasticsearch or OpenSearch, which index the log content, too. Loki therefore uses far less disk space than OpenSearch but is not quickly searchable. The no-indexing choice Loki made is better for most applications, where you need only to monitor logs for errors and store logs for auditing purposes, and don't need to run frequent queries against old logs.

Loki can run as a single app in a single Docker container or as separate components in multiple containers. In [monolithic mode](https://grafana.com/docs/loki/latest/get-started/deployment-modes), Loki can handle up to 20 GB per day. This is enough for FusionAuth and is what you'll use in this guide.

Below is a diagram showing all the [components](https://grafana.com/docs/loki/latest/get-started/components) Loki runs in a single container.

![Loki architecture](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/prometheus/prometheusLokiArchitecture.svg)

You can query logs in Grafana, or in the terminal with the Loki API or [LogCLI](https://grafana.com/docs/loki/latest/query/logcli).

Loki is primarily a log store, and will not fetch logs itself. Tools to send logs to Loki include Promtail (the original sending tool), OpenTelemetry, and Alloy (a new OpenTelemetry-compliant tool from Grafana). For more options, see the [documentation](https://grafana.com/docs/loki/latest/send-data). In this guide, you use Promtail for simplicity and stability.

<Aside type="note">
When FusionAuth runs in Docker, it writes logs to the terminal and does not save them to a file or provide them via the [API](/docs/apis/system#export-system-logs). This means that the logs are not available in the [web interface](/docs/operate/troubleshooting#logs).
</Aside>

To use Loki, add the services below to your `docker-compose.yml` file. You are now using Grafana images because Ubuntu has no images for Promtail.

```yml
  faLoki:
    image: grafana/loki:3.0.0
    container_name: faLoki
    ports:
      - 3100:3100
    volumes:
      - ./prometheusLoki/:/loki/
      - ./prometheusLokiConfig.yml:/etc/loki/local-config.yaml
    user: root
    environment:
      - target=all
    networks:
      - db_net


  faPromtail:
    image: grafana/promtail:3.0.0
    container_name: faPromtail
    depends_on:
      - faLoki
    volumes:
      - ./prometheusPromtailConfig.yml:/etc/promtail/config.yml
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
      - /var/lib/docker/containers:/var/lib/docker/containers
    networks:
      - db_net
```

The `faLoki` port 3100 is open so that Grafana can query it. The `prometheusLoki` volume persists log storage across container restarts. The `prometheusLokiConfig.yml` volume allows you to adjust Loki settings. Unlike the Ubuntu images, Grafana images don't use the root user. This means that the user in the container won't have permissions to create files on the Docker host machine. In production, you can inspect the running container to see what user it has, then create the `prometheusLoki` directory, and assign the directory owner as the container user. But for this prototype, it's faster to set the container user to `user: root` instead, so the container can directly write to the shared volume. The `target=all` configuration runs the Loki container in monolithic mode.

The `faPromtail` service waits for Loki to start by using `depends_on: faLoki`. The service has volumes for a configuration file and for access to the log files saved by Docker and the Docker socket file.

Use the code below to change the `fa` service to make FusionAuth wait for `Promtail` to run before FusionAuth starts.  If FusionAuth isn't configured to wait, Loki will not record potential FusionAuth starting errors.

```yml
    depends_on:
      faPromtail:
        condition: service_started
      fa_db:
        condition: service_healthy
```

You can comment out the `prometheusLokiConfig.yml` volume in the `faLoki` service configuration to use default values. The default values are fine. But if you want to use Loki with Alertmanager, you should create the file with the contents below (where only the last line differs from the default). Below, the Alertmanager URL now points to the Docker service for the `ruler` ([rules manager](https://grafana.com/docs/loki/latest/alert)).

```yml
auth_enabled: false

server:
  http_listen_port: 3100

common:
  instance_addr: 127.0.0.1
  path_prefix: /loki
  storage:
    filesystem:
      chunks_directory: /loki/chunks
      rules_directory: /loki/rules
  replication_factor: 1
  ring:
    kvstore:
      store: inmemory

schema_config:
  configs:
    - from: 2020-10-24
      store: tsdb
      object_store: filesystem
      schema: v13
      index:
        prefix: index_
        period: 24h

ruler:
  alertmanager_url: http://alertmanager:9093
```

The `prometheusPromtailConfig.yml` file controls which containers Promtail will get logs from. It is documented [here](https://grafana.com/docs/loki/latest/send-data/promtail/configuration). Create the `prometheusPromtailConfig.yml` file and add the content below.

```yml
server:
  http_listen_port: 9080
  grpc_listen_port: 0

clients:
  - url: http://faLoki:3100/loki/api/v1/push

scrape_configs:
  - job_name: docker
    docker_sd_configs:
      - host: unix:///var/run/docker.sock
        refresh_interval: 15s
        filters:
          - name: name
            values: [^fa$]
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: ['__meta_docker_container_name']
        regex: '/(.*)'
        target_label: 'container'
```

The `clients` URL points to the Loki Docker service where Promtail will send logs. The `scrape_configs` section describes how Promtail will get logs.

The [`docker_sd_configs`](https://grafana.com/docs/loki/latest/send-data/promtail/configuration/#docker_sd_configs) configuration option is one way for Promtail to get logs (along with local file logs and Kubernetes). It follows the Prometheus [configuration format](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/configuration/#docker_sd_config), which uses the Docker [container reference format](https://docs.docker.com/reference/api/engine/version/v1.40/#operation/ContainerList).

The `filters` section excludes all containers from having their logs stored other than FusionAuth, which has the regular expression container name `^fa$` (start, fa, end). There is no `/` in this name. If you instead used a filter of `fa`, the logs of `fa_db` would also be stored.

The `relabel_configs` section maps the Docker container name to the logs `container` metadata, so you can search for it when querying the logs. Note that while your container and service name in the Docker process list is `fa`, the name exposed in the Docker API is actually `/fa`. You can see the `/` used in the `regex` above. To see this is true in Docker, run `docker inspect fa`. You'll see the container name is actually `"Name": "/fa"`.

Log monitoring is ready. Run `docker compose up` to start all monitoring components. Browse to http://localhost:3100/ready to check that Loki is up.

To view the logs in Grafana:
- Browse to Grafana and choose <Breadcrumb>Connections -> Data sources</Breadcrumb> in the sidebar.
- Choose <InlineUIElement>Add new data source</InlineUIElement> and select <InlineUIElement>Loki</InlineUIElement>.
- Enter `http://faLoki:3100` in the <InlineField>URL</InlineField> field - this is the only setting to change.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Save and test</InlineUIElement>. If Grafana cannot detect Loki, check that your URL matches the one in your Docker Compose file and that there are no errors in the Docker terminal.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Explore</InlineUIElement> in the sidebar to start browsing your Loki logs.
- Choose Loki as your data source and enter a query value of `{container="fa"}`.
- Press <InlineUIElement>Run query</InlineUIElement> to view the logs.

You can filter logs and make complex queries. For example, try `{container="fa"} |~ "(ERROR|WARN)"`.

![Prometheus metrics](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/prometheus/prometheusLoki.png)

Now that Loki stores FusionAuth logs, you can add log widgets to your Grafana dashboard, and use either Grafana or Loki directly to send alerts to Alertmanager.

## Next Steps

In addition to monitoring the Prometheus metrics provided by FusionAuth, you might want to know various custom metrics, such as user login rates and successes. To do this, read the FusionAuth guide to [OpenTelemetry](./opentelemetry) and how to use it to create a bash script to collect any metric the FusionAuth API offers.

## Final System Architecture

If you combine the Prometheus, Alertmanager, Grafana, Loki, and ntfy infrastructure shown in this guide, your architecture will be as follows.

```mermaid
graph LR
  D(User)
  N(Ntfy.sh)
  subgraph I[Your server]
    subgraph G[Docker]
      H[(PostgreSQL)]
    end
    subgraph C[Docker]
      A(FusionAuth)
    end
    subgraph E[Docker]
      B(Prometheus)
    end
    subgraph K[Docker]
      L(AlertManager)
    end
    subgraph P[Docker]
      Q(Loki)
    end
    subgraph R[Docker]
      S(Promtail)
    end
    subgraph J[Docker]
      F(Your app)
    end
    subgraph M[Docker]
      O(Grafana)
    end
  end
  D --> J
  D --> C
  C --> G
  F --> C
  E --> C
  E --> K
  K --> N
  M --> E
  E --> |Prometheus reads Loki logs| P
  R --> |Promtail reads FusionAuth logs| C
  R --> |Promtail sends logs to Loki| P
  M --> |Grafana queries Loki logs| P
  style I fill:#999
  style E fill:#944
  style K fill:#944
  style N fill:#944
  style M fill:#944
  style P fill:#944
  style R fill:#944
```

## Further Reading

- [FusionAuth monitoring overview](/docs/operate/monitor)
- [FusionAuth metrics](/docs/operate/monitor#metrics)
- [FusionAuth Prometheus API](/docs/apis/system#retrieve-system-metrics-using-prometheus)
- [Prometheus](https://prometheus.io/docs/introduction/overview)
- [Configure Prometheus](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/configuration)
- [Prometheus alerts](https://prometheus.io/docs/alerting/latest/overview)
- [Prometheus alert templates](https://prometheus.io/docs/alerting/latest/notifications)
- [Loki](https://grafana.com/docs/loki/latest/get-started/overview/?pg=oss-loki)
- [Promtail](https://grafana.com/docs/loki/latest/send-data/promtail/configuration)
- [Grafana](https://grafana.com/grafana)
- [Ubuntu Alertmanager image](https://hub.docker.com/r/ubuntu/alertmanager)
- [Ubuntu Grafana image](https://hub.docker.com/r/ubuntu/grafana)
- [Ubuntu Prometheus image](https://hub.docker.com/r/ubuntu/prometheus)

# Slack

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import IconButton from 'src/components/IconButton.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

[Slack](https://slack.com) is a private chat app you can configure to use in your organization. To send alerts to Slack, create a dedicated channel (chat room) in the app, add your system administrators, and send messages to the channel using the Slack API.

This guide explains how to create a simple script to monitor FusionAuth and call Slack if FusionAuth has errors. Since sending a message to Slack is just an HTTP call made with curl and an API token, you can modify the script in this guide to send messages to services like Discord or WhatsApp. Change the Slack URL and token to whichever service you are using.

Please read the [FusionAuth guide to monitoring](/docs/operate/monitor) to get an overview of the available metrics and choose the ones relevant to your needs. Sending alerts to Slack is a small component of comprehensive monitoring. The overview explains where Slack fits into the monitoring flow, and provides alternative apps for receiving alerts instead of Slack.

Review Slack fees on the [Slack pricing page](https://slack.com/intl/en-ie/pricing). You can follow this guide and integrate Slack with other applications with the free tier, but you will need at least a Pro subscription to [build workflows](https://slack.com/intl/en-ie/features/workflow-automation). 

A workflow is a set of custom triggers, data, and logic you organize into a sequence of steps. The [logic can be code](https://api.slack.com/automation/functions/custom), written in TypeScript or JavaScript. Workflows can also use [stock connectors to outside services](https://api.slack.com/automation/connectors).

The Pro (lowest paid) tier has all the features you need to use Slack with outside apps. Higher-priced tiers have no features you need for integration.

## Understand The System Design

Running FusionAuth and PostgreSQL in Docker usually looks like the diagram below (you might also run OpenSearch in another Docker container).

![Diagram with your server encompassing three docker containers for your app, FusionAuth and PostgreSQL.](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/slack/running-fusionauth-in-docker.png)

In this guide, you will create a tiny service in its own container to monitor FusionAuth and call Slack if the FusionAuth logs API is not contactable, or if the logs contain an error message. The new design will look like the diagram below.

![Diagram with your server encompassing four docker containers for your app, FusionAuth, PostgreSQL and Custom Monitoring Service with Slack as an external API Call.](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/slack/tiny-service-monitor-fusionauth.png)

## Create A Slack Account

First, register for a Slack account:

- Register for a new workspace at https://slack.com/intl/en-ie/get-started#/createnew. You don't need to create a password.
- Verify your confirmation code in the email Slack sends you.
- Create a workspace called `fa`.
- Create a [channel](https://slack.com/intl/en-ie/help/articles/360017938993-What-is-a-channel) called `fa-alert`. The channel is public by default, meaning it is usable for every member of your workspace.
- Right-click the `fa-alert` channel and click <InlineUIElement>View channel details</InlineUIElement>. Record the <InlineField>Channel ID</InlineField> value displayed at the bottom of the <Breadcrumb>About</Breadcrumb> tab for later use.

## Create A Slack App

To send messages to Slack, you need an API key. To get an API key, you need to create a [Slack app](https://api.slack.com/tutorials/tracks/posting-messages-with-curl).

- Browse to https://api.slack.com/tutorials/tracks/posting-messages-with-curl and click <InlineUIElement>Create app</InlineUIElement>. (If this tutorial page doesn't exist in the future, create an app in the [apps homepage](https://api.slack.com/apps).)
- Choose the `fa` workspace and click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Edit Configurations</InlineUIElement>.
- Change the <InlineField>name</InlineField> and <InlineField>display_name</InlineField> to `fabot`.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Create</InlineUIElement>.
- You will be redirected to the "Welcome to your app's configurations" page. Click on <InlineUIElement>Got It</InlineUIElement>.
- Click <InlineUIElement>Install to Workspace</InlineUIElement>.
- On the page that opens, click <InlineUIElement>Allow</InlineUIElement>. (Back in your Slack chat app page, the `fabot` app should now be visible in the user list.)
- Click <InlineUIElement>OAuth & Permissions</InlineUIElement> in the sidebar.
- Note your <InlineField>Bot User OAuth Token</InlineField> (`xoxb-something`) for later use. Keep it secret and do not commit it to Git.
- Check that your bot has permissions for `chat:write` and `chat:write.public` in the "Scopes" section.

Open a terminal and run the command below, using your bot token and channel ID. The response should start with `"ok"`.

```sh
curl -d "text=Test alert from FusionAuth." -d "channel=C123456" -H "Authorization: Bearer xoxb-something" -X POST https://slack.com/api/chat.postMessage

# Result:
# {"ok":true,"channel":"C123456","ts":"1721743117.410499","message":{"user":"U07DNJ4R0","type":"message","ts":"1721743117.410499","bot_id":"B07FNAHNX","app_id":"A07QSG5","text":"Test alert from FusionAuth.","team":"T07E2VGQ","bot_profile":{"id":"B07DHNX","app_id":"A0G5","name":"fabot","icons":{"image_36":"https:\/\/a.slack-edge.com\/80588\/img\/plugins\/app\/bot_36.png","image_48":"https:\/\/a.slack-edge.com\/80588\/img\/plugins\/app\/bot_48.png","image_72":"https:\/\/a.slack-edge.com\/80588\/img\/plugins\/app\/service_72.png"},"deleted":false,"updated":1721740273,"team_id":"T07Q"},"blocks":[{"type":"rich_text","block_id":"XL+","elements":[{"type":"rich_text_section","elements":[{"type":"text","text":"Test alert from FusionAuth."}]}]}]}}
```

![Testing posting a message to Slack](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/slack/slack1.png)

You now have a token you can use in a service that monitors FusionAuth to post a message to Slack if FusionAuth fails.

## Run FusionAuth

Now run FusionAuth.

- Install [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/) if you don't have it on your machine.
- Clone the [FusionAuth example Docker Compose repository](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-docker-compose) to your computer.
- In your terminal, navigate to the `light` directory in the repo.
- Run FusionAuth with `docker compose up`.
- Browse to http://localhost:9011/admin and check you can log in with `admin@example.com` and `password`.

This FusionAuth installation will already be configured with an API key you can use to call the FusionAuth API as defined in the `kickstart/kickstart.json` file. But in a new installation, you will need to create your own API key. Create an API key by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> API Keys</Breadcrumb> and clicking the <IconButton icon="plus" color="green" /> button. Enter a <InlineField>Description</InlineField> for the API key and click on the <IconButton icon="save" color="blue" /> button to save the API key. On the API Keys list page, click the red lock <IconButton icon="lock" color="red" /> next to the newly generated key to reveal the key value and copy and save it.

## Write A Service To Monitor FusionAuth

The monitoring overview explains what metadata you can get from FusionAuth. For alerts, you are interested only in errors. Errors are obtained in two places:
- System logs. These cannot be obtained from an [API call](/docs/apis/system#export-system-logs) because FusionAuth writes the system logs to the Docker standard out when running in Docker, instead of to a file. The system logs expose fundamental errors, like FusionAuth missing a database connection.
- Event logs. These contain more complicated errors relating to lambda functions, SMTP, email templates, and webhooks. Event logs can be called through [the Event Logs API](/docs/apis/event-logs#search-event-logs).

Let's write a script that runs every 30 seconds to get the system and event logs from the last 31 seconds. If either set of logs contains an error or an error occurs in getting the logs, an alert will be sent to Slack.

Create a file called `app.sh`. Insert the content below, using your FusionAuth and Slack API keys and Slack channel ID at the top.

```bash
#!/bin/bash

# settings
alertKey="xoxb-something"
alertChannelID="C0T7"
faUrl="http://fa:9011"
faKey="33052c8a-c283-4e96-9d2a-eb1215c69f8f-not-for-prod"

# send an alert if this script errors
trap 'handleError' ERR
handleError() {
  curl -d "text=Monitor cannot connect to FusionAuth" -d "channel=$alertChannelID" -H "Authorization: Bearer $alertKey" -X POST https://slack.com/api/chat.postMessage
}

# get system logs with error or exception in the last 31 seconds. take first line.
systemLogs=$(docker logs fa --since 31s)
errorLog=$(echo "$systemLogs" | grep -i 'error\|exception' | head -n 1)

# alert slack if there is an error log
if [ ! -z "$errorLog" ]; then
  curl -d "text=System log has error:  $errorLog" -d "channel=$alertChannelID" -H "Authorization: Bearer $alertKey" -X POST https://slack.com/api/chat.postMessage
fi

# get event logs with errors in the last 31 seconds
end=$(date +%s)000
start=$(($end - 31000))
params="message=%2A&start={$start}&end={$end}&type=Error"  # %2A is *
url="${faUrl}/api/system/event-log/search?${params}"
eventLogs=$(curl -sS -H "Authorization: ${faKey}" "$url")

# alert slack if getting event logs failed
if [[ "$eventLogs" != "{\"eventLogs\":"* ]]; then
    curl -d "text=Monitor cannot get event logs" -d "channel=$alertChannelID" -H "Authorization: Bearer $alertKey" -X POST https://slack.com/api/chat.postMessage
    exit 1
fi

# alert slack if there is an error log
total=$(echo "$eventLogs" | jq '.total')
if [[ $total -gt 0 ]]; then
  curl -d "text=Event log has error:  $eventLogs" -d "channel=$alertChannelID" -H "Authorization: Bearer $alertKey" -X POST https://slack.com/api/chat.postMessage
fi
```

The script above first gets system logs by reading the `fa` container's output from Docker (exposed in the Dockerfile `/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro`). If there is any log containing `error` or `exception`, the script uses `curl` to send a message to Slack.

The script then gets the event logs of type `Error` and messages Slack if it finds any. Note that FusionAuth uses milliseconds instead of the epoch standard of seconds, so the script has to append `000` to the normal Unix time.

If any general error occurs while the script runs, the error is caught by `trap` and the script messages Slack.

Create a file called `Dockerfile`. Insert the content below.

```sh
FROM --platform=linux/amd64 alpine:3.19
RUN apk add --no-cache curl nano jq bash docker-cli
COPY app.sh /app.sh
RUN chmod +x /app.sh
CMD watch -t -n 30 /app.sh # run this script every 30 seconds forever
```

Build the container with the command below.

```sh
docker build -f Dockerfile --platform linux/amd64 -t famonimage .
```

Edit your `docker-compose.yml` file and add the `fa_mon` service below.

```yaml
  fa_mon:
    image: famonimage
    container_name: fa_mon
    networks:
      - db_net
    volumes:
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro # allow readonly access to fa docker logs
```

Now run all the containers with `docker compose down; docker compose up`.

To force an error to check whether the service works, run `docker compose down fa`. You should see a message in Slack that the monitor could not reach FusionAuth. If not, debug the script by running it on your physical machine instead of inside Docker with `./app.sh`. Change the FusionAuth URL at the top from `fa` to `localhost` when doing so. If you have trouble calling the FusionAuth API, review the [troubleshooting tips](/docs/apis/#troubleshooting).

### Example Errors

Below are some example errors that the monitoring script will alert you to.

- First, the administrator says he is going to turn off FusionAuth. When the monitor runs, it cannot connect to FusionAuth and alerts Slack.
- Then the administrator starts FusionAuth, but with an incorrect database connection string. Now the monitor can reach FusionAuth, but alerts Slack that FusionAuth fails to return logs when asked.
- Finally, an event log error is shown when a faulty webhook occurs.

![Error messages from FusionAuth instance being monitored](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/slack/slack2.png)

## Next Steps

Now that you have a simple way to check that FusionAuth is error-free and alert you if it's not, there are a few ways to make the system more sophisticated.

- Change the monitoring service from a simple bash script to a web service in your favorite programming language. This will improve error handling and make it more easily maintainable for your team.
- Have the monitor check the PostgreSQL container logs in addition to the FusionAuth logs.
- Create a `monitor-up` channel the service writes to every time it runs, so you know it's up. Currently, if the service dies, you'll never know. If you are on a paid Slack subscription, to avoid becoming desensitized to a spam channel that tells you the service is running every 30 seconds, create a workflow that writes to the alert channel if the `monitor-up` channel hasn't received a message in the last minute.
- If you want visibility into the performance of FusionAuth, not just errors, you'll need a comprehensive monitoring service. Please read the FusionAuth guides to Elastic or Prometheus to make one.

## Further Reading

- [FusionAuth metrics](/docs/operate/monitor#metrics)

# Splunk

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import IconButton from 'src/components/IconButton.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

[Splunk Observability Cloud](https://docs.splunk.com/observability/en/get-started/service-description.html) is a Software as a Service (SaaS) solution for infrastructure monitoring (Splunk IM), application performance monitoring (Splunk APM), real user monitoring (Splunk RUM), and synthetic monitoring (Splunk Synthetic Monitoring). Splunk Observability Cloud also provides a direct integration with logs ingested in Splunk Cloud Platform and Splunk Enterprise through Log Observer Connect.

This guide explains how to connect FusionAuth to Splunk through Docker with the OpenTelemetry Collector using the Splunk API, as well as which FusionAuth metrics are useful in Splunk and how to create a simple dashboard to show them.

Before continuing with this guide, please go through the [FusionAuth guide to monitoring](/docs/operate/monitor) to get an overview of the available metrics and choose the ones relevant to your needs.

## Create A Splunk Account

First, register for a Splunk account:

- Register for the Observability Cloud trial at https://www.splunk.com/en_us/download/o11y-cloud-free-trial.html. Don't sign up on the Splunk homepage - https://www.splunk.com/en_us/download/splunk-cloud.html. This is **not** the correct service for this guide. Splunk divides its products into completely separate dashboards.
- Verify your email address with the link in the email Splunk sends you. This should also log you in to the Observability dashboard.
- In the future, you can log in to the dashboard at https://login.signalfx.com.

To learn more about the Splunk Observability platform, refer to the documentation [here](https://docs.splunk.com/observability/en/get-started/welcome.html). Pricing of the platform is available [here](https://www.splunk.com/en_us/products/pricing/observability.html). Infrastructure Monitoring, Log Observer Connect, and Synthetic Monitoring are included in the Splunk Infrastructure monthly fee. Each Splunk product has a separate 14-day trial.

The diagram from Splunk below shows what the Observability Cloud can monitor.

<img src='/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/splunk/splunk2.png' alt='Splunk observability cloud illustration. Source: Splunk docs' />

## Test Your Splunk Access Token

You'll need a Splunk organization access token to test uploading custom data with the Splunk API. Importing metrics with the API is documented [here](https://docs.splunk.com/observability/en/gdi/other-ingestion-methods/rest-APIs-for-datapoints.html#rest-api-ingest). 

<Aside type='note'>
[To authenticate API requests that send data to Splunk Observability Cloud, you must use an organization access token, not a user API access token.](https://docs.splunk.com/observability/en/admin/authentication/authentication-tokens/api-access-tokens.html)
</Aside>

- Log in to your Observability account at https://login.signalfx.com.
- Click the logo at the top left to expand the menu labels.
- Click <Breadcrumb>Settings -> View Profile -> Organizations</Breadcrumb>.
  - Note your realm and endpoints, for instance, `us1`, `https://api.us1.signalfx.com`, and `https://ingest.us1.signalfx.com`.
- To get an [access token](https://docs.splunk.com/observability/en/admin/authentication/authentication-tokens/org-tokens.html#admin-org-tokens) (also called organization token):
  - Click <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Access Tokens</Breadcrumb>.
  - Expand the `Default` access token.
  - Click <InlineUIElement>Show Token</InlineUIElement> and save the token value to use later.

<Aside type="note">
If you mistakenly expose your default token secret, there is no way to change the value. Instead, you need to disable the token from the menu on the Tokens page on the right. Then you need to create a new token of type `Ingest` to work with the API.
</Aside>

Test that you can import data with the terminal command below. Replace `yourtoken` with your token in the `X-SF-TOKEN` header and `us1` with your realm in the last line.

```sh
curl --request POST \
  --header "Content-Type: application/json" \
  --header "X-SF-TOKEN: yourtoken" \
  --data \
  '{
      "gauge": [
          {
              "metric": "memory.free",
              "dimensions": { "host": "server1" },
              "value": 42
          }
      ]
  }' \
  https://ingest.us1.signalfx.com/v2/datapoint
```

The response should be `"OK"`.

Return to the Observability dashboard home page and browse to <Breadcrumb>Metric Finder</Breadcrumb>. Enter `memory` in the text box and click <InlineUIElement>Search metrics</InlineUIElement>. Click <InlineUIElement>memory.free</InlineUIElement>. You should see the data point created by the above command on the chart. If you don't, try switching to the Column chart view or running the command again with a different value.

<img src='/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/splunk/metric_finder.png' alt='Data point created in metric finder on Splunk' />

In a later section, you'll learn how to use this API to import real data from your FusionAuth instance.

## Import Data To Splunk With The OpenTelemetry Linux Collector

Instead of sending metrics manually to Splunk, you can send them automatically with OpenTelemetry. OpenTelemetry is both a protocol and software that is dedicated to monitoring, measuring, processing, collecting, and sending metrics. In this section, you will add OpenTelemetry to your normal FusionAuth instance.

Running FusionAuth and PostgreSQL in Docker usually looks like the diagram below (you might also run OpenSearch in another Docker container).

<img src='/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/splunk/secure-and-monitor-monitor-splunk-setup.png' alt='FusionAuth in Docker using a Postgresql database in Docker on the same server.' />

You can also start FusionAuth inside Docker with [OpenTelemetry for Java](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java-instrumentation). OpenTelemetry sends the metrics it reads to a collector. The OpenTelemetry Collector runs in a separate Docker container and sends the metrics to Splunk for recording. This follows the Docker principle of one process per container.

This architecture is shown in the diagram below.

<img src='/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/splunk/secure-and-monitor-monitor-splunk-with-opentelemetry-linux-collector.png' alt='FusionAuth in Docker using a Postgresql database in Docker on the same server. OpenTelemetry Collector inside the Docker image Splunk has prepared.' />

The Splunk [OpenTelementry Linux Collector tutorial](https://docs.splunk.com/observability/en/gdi/opentelemetry/collector-linux/collector-configuration-tutorial/about-collector-config-tutorial.html#about-collector-configuration-tutorial) is designed for a physical machine running systemd. Docker containers don't use systemd, as they are designed to host a single process.

Instead, you'll use the OpenTelemetry Collector inside the Docker image Splunk has prepared.

First you need to modify the official FusionAuth Docker image to download the OpenTelemetry Java agent and change the script that starts FusionAuth.

<Aside type="note">
Configuration values for Java OpenTelemetry are described [here](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/languages/java/configuration).
</Aside>

Save the Dockerfile from the [FusionAuth containers repo](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/blob/master/docker/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/Dockerfile) to your computer. Edit the Dockerfile file and insert the following lines above the comment "###### Start FusionAuth App".

```
##### New for OpenTelemetry #################################
RUN mkdir -p /var/lib/apt/lists/partial \
    && chmod 755 /var/lib/apt/lists/partial \
    && apt update \
    && apt install -y ca-certificates \
    && cd /usr/local/fusionauth \
    && curl -L -o otel.jar https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java-instrumentation/releases/latest/download/opentelemetry-javaagent.jar \
    && (head -n -1 /usr/local/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/bin/start.sh; echo 'exec "${JAVA_HOME}/bin/java" -javaagent:/usr/local/fusionauth/otel.jar -Dotel.resource.attributes=service.name=fusionauth -Dotel.traces.exporter=otlp -Dotel.exporter.otlp.endpoint=http://otel:4318 -cp "${CLASSPATH}" ${JAVA_OPTS} io.fusionauth.app.FusionAuthMain <&- >> "${LOG_DIR}/fusionauth-app.log" 2>&1') > temp.sh \
    && mv temp.sh /usr/local/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/bin/start.sh;
RUN chown fusionauth:fusionauth /usr/local/fusionauth/otel.jar /usr/local/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/bin/start.sh \
    && chmod +x /usr/local/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/bin/start.sh
```

This script first updates Ubuntu to install basic software that FusionAuth removed to save space. The script then downloads the OpenTelemetry Java app. Next, the script edits `start.sh`, which is the command run when the container starts, to start FusionAuth with OpenTelemetry. The edit command writes the new command to the end of the `start.sh` file.

By default, the OpenTelemetry Java agent sends data to the OpenTelemetry Collector at http://localhost:4317. The code above changes this so data is sent to the container at http://otel:4318. (Splunk uses 4317 for RPC, not HTTP.)

Build the Dockerfile into a new image to use in place of the official FusionAuth one.

```sh
docker build --platform linux/amd64 -t faimage .
```

Now save the [`docker-compose.yaml`](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/blob/main/docker/fusionauth/docker-compose.yml) and [sample `.env`](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/blob/main/docker/fusionauth/.env) files from the FusionAuth containers repo. Update the `docker-compose.yaml` file to include the [Splunk OpenTelemetry](https://docs.splunk.com/observability/en/gdi/opentelemetry/collector-linux/install-linux-manual.html#linux-docker) container in your compose file by adding the content below. Replace the access token and realm with yours in the `otel` service. Note that the image on the  `fa` service is also changed to point to the one built in the previous step.

```
version: '3'

services:
  db:
    image: postgres:latest
    container_name: fa_db
    ports:
      - "5432:5432"
    environment:
      PGDATA: /var/lib/postgresql/data/pgdata
      POSTGRES_USER: ${POSTGRES_USER}
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${POSTGRES_PASSWORD}
    healthcheck:
      test: [ "CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U postgres" ]
      interval: 5s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 5
    networks:
      - db_net
    volumes:
      - db_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data

  fa:
    # image: fusionauth/fusionauth-app:latest
    image: faimage
    container_name: fa
    depends_on:
      db:
        condition: service_healthy
    environment:
      DATABASE_URL: jdbc:postgresql://db:5432/fusionauth
      DATABASE_ROOT_USERNAME: ${POSTGRES_USER}
      DATABASE_ROOT_PASSWORD: ${POSTGRES_PASSWORD}
      DATABASE_USERNAME: ${DATABASE_USERNAME}
      DATABASE_PASSWORD: ${DATABASE_PASSWORD}
      FUSIONAUTH_APP_MEMORY: ${FUSIONAUTH_APP_MEMORY}
      FUSIONAUTH_APP_RUNTIME_MODE: ${FUSIONAUTH_APP_RUNTIME_MODE}
      FUSIONAUTH_APP_INSTALLATION_SOURCE: site/monitor-splunk
      FUSIONAUTH_APP_URL: http://fusionauth:9011
      SEARCH_TYPE: database
      FUSIONAUTH_APP_KICKSTART_FILE: ${FUSIONAUTH_APP_KICKSTART_FILE}
    networks:
      - db_net
    ports:
      - 9011:9011
    volumes:
      - fusionauth_config:/usr/local/fusionauth/config
      - ./kickstart:/usr/local/fusionauth/kickstart
    extra_hosts:
      - "host.docker.internal:host-gateway"

  otel:
    image: quay.io/signalfx/splunk-otel-collector:latest
    container_name: fa_otel
    environment:
      SPLUNK_ACCESS_TOKEN: "<your-splunk-access-token>"
      SPLUNK_REALM: "us1"
      SPLUNK_LISTEN_INTERFACE: "0.0.0.0"
      SPLUNK_MEMORY_LIMIT_MIB: "1000"
      SPLUNK_CONFIG: /config.yaml
    volumes:
      - ./config.yaml:/config.yaml
    networks:
      - db_net
    # no host ports are needed as communication is inside the Docker network
    # ports:
    #   - "13133:13133"
    #   - "14250:14250"
    #   - "14268:14268"
    #   - "4317:4317"
    #   - "4318:4318"
    #   - "6060:6060"
    #   - "7276:7276"
    #   - "8888:8888"
    #   - "9080:9080"
    #   - "9411:9411"
    #   - "9943:9943"

networks:
  db_net:
    driver: bridge

volumes:
  db_data:
  fusionauth_config:
```

Save the [sample Splunk configuration file](https://github.com/signalfx/splunk-otel-collector/blob/main/cmd/otelcol/config/collector/gateway_config.yaml) to a file called `config.yaml` on your computer in the same folder as the `docker-compose.yaml` file. You are using the Splunk collector in [gateway mode (data forwarding), not agent mode (host monitoring)](https://docs.splunk.com/observability/en/gdi/opentelemetry/opentelemetry.html#collector-intro-deploy). The host monitoring is done by the Java agent running in the FusionAuth Docker instance.

The `config.yaml` configuration file path is added as the `SPLUNK_CONFIG: /config.yaml` [environment variable](https://docs.splunk.com/observability/en/gdi/opentelemetry/environment-variables.html#collector-env-var) in the above Docker compose file.

Now check whether the OpenTelemetry container can send data to Splunk. First run the command below.

```sh
docker compose up otel
```

On the Splunk website, go to the <Breadcrumb>Metric Finder</Breadcrumb> section and search for `otel` to see if any data is visible. Even when FusionAuth is not running, the collector will send basic data to Splunk.

If no data is sent, correct your access token and realm in the compose file.

Now that you are sure the Splunk connection works, stop the otel container with <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>C</kbd> and run `docker compose up` to start all three containers. It may take 30 seconds for all the containers to start, but after that, the terminal output should show data being sent to Splunk.

### OpenTelemetry Dashboard

Create a dashboard to view all the data from FusionAuth.

Browse to https://app.us1.signalfx.com/#/dashboards (remember to replace `us1` with your realm). Choose the <Breadcrumb>OpenTelemetry Collector</Breadcrumb> dashboard from the <Breadcrumb>Built-in dashboard groups</Breadcrumb>. (This dashboard will appear as an option only if you have set up the collector in the previous section.)

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/splunk/select_opentemetry_dash.png" alt="Selecting the OpenTelemetry dashboard" />

At the top, set the time to the past day to ensure that you see all possible values while testing.

While FusionAuth is running, you should see a dashboard like the image below.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/splunk/splunk1.png" alt="OpenTelemetry dashboard" />

## FusionAuth Metrics

Now you know how to send Splunk Java metrics with OpenTelemetry, let's consider what custom metrics you would want to send and how to write code that uploads the metrics automatically while FusionAuth is running.

### Counts, Not Details

Note that Splunk is designed to monitor aggregate data, in other words, counts of events. Splunk can group those counts over time and by dimension (location, server, or application). Splunk is **not** designed to monitor individual events with details like error messages or the names of the most purchased products on your site.

For FusionAuth, this means you should use Splunk to check **how many** people are logging in over time, not **which** people. Think of it like this: If your data can be used in a gauge or bar chart, it's the right type of data.

While it's true that Splunk does have a log file tracking product and many other services, this article discusses only the Observability Cloud.

### Which Metrics To Monitor

FusionAuth has too [many metrics](/docs/operate/monitor#metrics) to discuss in this article. You will need to decide which are important for you to monitor by reading the documentation.

In addition to the metrics available through the various FusionAuth APIs, you can create your own metrics using any event that can trigger a [webhook](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks). This webhook can call another Docker container you create that listens for incoming events and forwards them to Splunk.

A useful metric to start with is login counts. If this number drops from the average, it's a good sign something might be wrong with your system. In this guide, you'll learn how to create a program that uses the FusionAuth API to get the login count, then upload it to Splunk.

You can add any other metrics you want to this system.

## Mapping FusionAuth Metrics To Splunk Metrics

Splunk has two sets of documentation, the [primary](https://docs.splunk.com/observability/en) and the [developer](https://dev.splunk.com/observability/docs) documentation. You need to read only the primary documentation to use Splunk with FusionAuth. The only exception is the [documentation on the data format](https://dev.splunk.com/observability/reference/api/ingest_data/latest#endpoint-send-metrics) expected by Splunk if you're uploading data with their REST API.

Splunk has four different [metric types](https://docs.splunk.com/observability/en/metrics-and-metadata/metric-types.html#metric-types):

| Type               | Description                                                                                               |
|--------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Gauge              | Value of a measurement at a specific point in time.                                                        |
| Cumulative counter | Total number of occurrences or items since the measurement began.                                          |
| Counter            | Number of new occurrences or items since the last measurement.                                             |
| Histogram          | Distribution of measurements across time. Splunk Observability Cloud supports explicit bucket histograms. |

Let's consider the number of user logins every ten seconds as an example. If you have only a few users, you could monitor the number every hour or even every day instead.

You could send the number of logins to Splunk as a:

- Gauge: Monitoring this would involve seeing that the gauge number on the dashboard doesn't change much.
- Cumulative counter: Monitoring this would involve seeing that the number is steadily increasing.
- Counter: In this case, the metric would function the same as a gauge.

Using a histogram isn't necessary for such simple data.

## Write A Custom Service To Send Data To The API

Previously, this guide showed you how to use a new Docker container to run an OpenTelemetry Collector to receive data from FusionAuth. In this section, you will create another Docker container to call the FusionAuth API and send the metrics to Splunk.

The system looks like the diagram below.

<img src='/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/splunk/secure-and-monitor-monitor-splunk-with-opentelemetry-custom-service.png' alt='FusionAuth in Docker using a Postgresql database in Docker on the same server. Docker container running custom metric getter code to call the FusionAuth API and send the metrics to Splunk via API call.' />

Let's get the login records every ten seconds and send them to Splunk. All the FusionAuth APIs that give you event data are documented [here](/docs/apis). The login records API is documented [here](/docs/apis/login#request-6). Note that the documentation says the date format is the standard Java type, but some constants like `ISO_LOCAL_DATE_TIME` are not supported. You need to enter the format string you want manually.

Unfortunately, all the APIs export events as zip files — you will not get JSON or YAML data in memory. So you will need to create a script that gets the zip file, extracts it, reads it, formats the entries for Splunk, and uploads them.

Browse to FusionAuth, which is at http://localhost:9011 if you are running through the default Docker setup. Log in and look for your application Id in <Breadcrumb>System -> Login Records</Breadcrumb>.

Next, create an API key by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> API Keys</Breadcrumb> and clicking the <IconButton icon="plus" color="green" /> button. Enter a <InlineField>Description</InlineField> for the API key and click on the <IconButton icon="save" color="blue" /> button to save the API key. On the API Keys list page, click the red lock <IconButton icon="lock" color="red" /> next to the newly generated key to reveal the key value and copy and save it.

Create a file called `app.sh`. Insert the content below, replacing your FusionAuth API key in `key` and FusionAuth application Id in `appId`, and your Splunk access token and Splunk realm in the curl command at the end.

```sh
#!/bin/sh

# exit on error
set -e

# get login records from FusionAuth
endpoint="http://fa:9011/api/system/login-record/export"
# FusionAuth API key
key="33052c8a-c283-4e96-9d2a-eb1215c69f8f-not-for-prod"
# FusionAuth application Id
appId="3c219e58-ed0e-4b18-ad48-f4f92793ae32"
dateFormat=$(echo -n "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSS" | jq -sRr @uri)
end=$(date +%s)000
start=$(($end - 3600000))
params="applicationId=${appId}&dateTimeSecondsFormat=${dateFormat}&start=${start}&end=${end}"
url="${endpoint}?${params}"
echo "curl -H \"Authorization: ${key}\" -o record.zip \"$url\""
curl -H "Authorization: ${key}" -o record.zip "$url"
unzip record.zip -o
cat login_records.csv

# for each record, get the unix time in ms
tail -n +2 login_records.csv | while IFS=',' read -r userId time rest; do
  userId=$(echo "$userId" | tr -d ' "' )
  time=$(echo "$time" | tr -d ' "')                      # 2024-06-21T05:14:56.123
  time=$(echo "$time" | tr 'T' ' ')                      # 2024-06-21 05:14:56.123
  sec="$(date -d "$(echo $time | cut -d '.' -f 1)" +%s)" # 1718946896
  ms="$(echo $time | cut -d '.' -f 2)"                   # 123

  # make the POST data
  data=$(cat <<EOF
{
  "cumulative_counter": [
    {
       "metric": "login.success",
       "dimensions": { "host": "testServer" },
       "value": 1,
       "timestamp": ${sec}${ms}
    }
  ]
}
EOF
)

  # send data to Splunk API
  curl --request POST -H "X-SF-TOKEN: yourToken" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d "$data" "https://ingest.us1.signalfx.com/v2/datapoint"

done
```

This script gets all login records in the last hours to be sure the zip file has some data. In reality, replace 3600000 with 10000 so that when the script runs every ten seconds, it gets only the latest records. Note that FusionAuth uses milliseconds instead of the epoch standard of seconds, so the script has to append `000` to the normal Unix time.

The file returned from FusionAuth unzips to `login_records.csv`, which looks like the data below.

| "User Id "                           | "Time "                 | "Application Id "                    | "IP Address " | "City " | "Country " | "Zipcode " | "Region " | "Latitude " | "Longitude " |
|--------------------------------------|-------------------------|--------------------------------------|---------------|---------|------------|------------|-----------|-------------|--------------|
| ba81f3e2-3b0f-4d64-930f-38298de9dc0d | 2024-06-21T05:14:56.123 | 3c219e58-ed0e-4b18-ad48-f4f92793ae32 | 172.20.0.1    |         |            |            |           |             |              |
| ba81f3e2-3b0f-4d64-930f-38298de9dc0d | 2024-06-21T05:07:06.406 | 3c219e58-ed0e-4b18-ad48-f4f92793ae32 | 172.20.0.1    |         |            |            |           |             |              |

The records in this file look different from those in the FusionAuth console. Only Ids are given here, not email addresses or application names.

The second half of the script reads in the CSV file, discards the header, and sends a value of `1` and the time of each login to Splunk.

Create a file called `metricDockerfile`. Insert the content below.

```
FROM --platform=linux/amd64 alpine:3.19
RUN apk add --no-cache curl jq vim
COPY app.sh /app.sh
RUN chmod +x app.sh
CMD watch -t -n 10 /app.sh
```

Build the container with the command below.

```sh
docker build -f metricDockerfile --platform linux/amd64 -t metricimage .
```

Edit your `docker-compose.yaml` file and add the new service as follows.

```
  fametric:
    image: metricimage
    container_name: fametric
    networks:
      - db_net
```

Now run all the containers with `docker compose up`.

The output should be as below. Since you logged in within the last hour, there will be one row in the exported file and one value will be sent to Splunk.

```sh
curl -H "Authorization: 33052c8a-c283-4e96-9d2a-eb1215c69f8f-not-for-prod" -o record.zip "http://fa:9011/api/system/login-record/export?applicationId=3c219e58-ed0e-4b18-ad48-f4f92793ae32&dateTimeSecondsFormat=yyyy-MM-dd%27T%27HH%3Amm%3Ass.SSS&start=1719216315000&end=1719219915000"
fametric  |   % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
fametric  |                                  Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100   310    0   310    0     0  41026      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 44285
fametric  | Archive:  record.zip
fametric  |   inflating: login_records.csv
fametric  | "User Id ","Time ","Application Id ","IP Address ","City ","Country ","Zipcode ","Region ","Latitude ","Longitude "
fametric  | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001,2024-06-24T02:19:04.054,3c219e58-ed0e-4b18-ad48-f4f92793ae32,172.20.0.1,,,,,,
fametric  |   % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
fametric  |                                  Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100   173  100     4  100   169      2    112  0:00:02  0:00:01  0:00:01   114
```

On your Splunk web interface, browse to <Breadcrumb>Metric Finder</Breadcrumb>. Search for `login.success`. Click on the result and on the resulting chart, set the "Time" field to `-1d` and the chart type to column.

If the metric has not uploaded correctly, you can debug the container by running `docker exec -it fametric sh` in a new terminal. Once in the container, you can alter the script with `vim /app.sh`. Add `-v` to the `curl` command to see verbose output. Run the script with `/app.sh`.

If you have trouble calling the FusionAuth API, review the [troubleshooting tips](/docs/apis/#troubleshooting).

If you alter `app.sh` in your host machine and want to rerun the containers, use the command below.

```sh
clear; docker build -f metricDockerfile --platform linux/amd64 -t metricimage .; docker compose up
```

You can follow the process described here to add other FusionAuth API calls to `app.sh` to get other metrics to send to Splunk.



## Further Reading

- [FusionAuth metrics](/docs/operate/monitor#metrics)
- [OpenTelemetry documentation](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/what-is-opentelemetry)
- [OpenTelemetry Java documentation](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java-instrumentation)
- [Splunk OpenTelemetry Java documentation](https://docs.splunk.com/observability/en/gdi/get-data-in/application/java/get-started.html#get-started-java)
- [Splunk REST API](https://dev.splunk.com/observability/reference/api/ingest_data/latest#endpoint-send-metrics)
- [FusionAuth Dockerfile](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/blob/master/docker/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/Dockerfile)
- [Docker OpenTelemetry Collector](https://docs.splunk.com/observability/en/gdi/opentelemetry/collector-linux/install-linux-manual.html#linux-docker)
- [Ports exposed by OpenTelemetry container](https://docs.splunk.com/observability/en/gdi/opentelemetry/exposed-endpoints.html)

# Deprecation Policy

FusionAuth is an architectural component integrated into your applications or systems. Such integration means that when changes to FusionAuth occur, it can negatively affect your application. As developers ourselves, we strive to maintain backwards compatibility. 

However, there are times when features or functionality must be removed. FusionAuth has [extensive release notes](/docs/release-notes/), which are the source of truth for changes to the FusionAuth system, and any deprecated features will be listed there. Changes to existing features or behavior will also be documented in the release notes.

Because we feel backwards compatibility is important, the FusionAuth team will follow the process outlined in this document before removing features or making breaking changes to existing features.

### What Is A Feature

Here are examples of features that will follow this policy.

* A documented API endpoint or parameter
* A documented way to authenticate against an API
* A documented themeable page

### What Is Not A Feature

Anything not documented in the [FusionAuth technical documentation](/docs) is not considered a feature and may be removed without following this policy.

### What Is A Release

The releases mentioned in this document are either major or point version releases. Patch releases do not change functionality.

* `2.0.0` is a major release.
* `1.50.0` is a point release, as is `1.51.0`.
* `1.50.1` is a patch release, as is `1.50.2`.

## Deprecation Steps

Before removing a feature, the FusionAuth team takes the following steps:

* In the first major or point release where the behavior is deprecated, the deprecation is noted in the release notes. The feature is also marked as deprecated in the documentation.
* The feature deprecation is noted in the documentation for three months.
* In a major or point release after the three month deprecation period, the feature and corresponding documentation are removed. When the feature is removed, it is noted in the release notes. The documentation for the feature is also removed.

While the team commits to maintaining features for at least three months after they are deprecated, that timeframe is a minimum.

## Example Removal Timeline

Suppose the current release is 1.52.0 and FusionAuth planned to remove feature ABC in the next release. Here is what the timeline would look like.

| FusionAuth Version    | Date Released | Feature ABC Changes | Release Notes Updates |
| -------- | ------- | ------- | ------- |
| 1.52.0  | March 1, 2024 | None | None |
| 1.52.1  | March 8, 2024 | None | None |
| 1.53.0  | April 1, 2024 | Feature documentation marked as deprecated. | Deprecation announced in release notes. |
| 1.53.1  | April 5, 2024 | Feature documentation remains marked as deprecated. | None |
| 1.53.2  | April 15, 2024 | Feature documentation remains marked as deprecated. | None |
| 1.54.0  | May 15, 2024 | Feature documentation remains marked as deprecated. | None |
| 1.55.0  | July 13, 2024 | Feature and documentation removed. | Feature removal announced in release notes. |

## Policy Exceptions

If this is a change adding new functionality which may require changes to your integration, the FusionAuth team won't follow this policy. This only applies to deprecation and removal of functionality. We will still do our best to document such changes in the release notes to help developers understand what needs to change, or if nothing needs to change based upon your implementation. But such changes fall outside of this deprecation policy.

If a feature impacts performance or security, FusionAuth reserves the right to deprecate features in a different manner than outlined in this policy. 

Examples of performance issues include:

* A performance degradation due to a new feature which was not caught in testing.
* A feature which introduced deadlocks in the database due to a corner case.

Examples of security issues include:

* A feature that pentesting determined was vulnerable to attack.
* A SAML feature exposing an XML parsing issue. 

Regardless of when a feature was added, if the team finds a large risk to our customers, we may delete it without warning. In this case, the team will notify the [security announcement email list](/docs/operate/secure#securing).

# Roadmap

import ReleaseNotification from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_release-notification.astro';

FusionAuth is under active development. We often get questions from users and clients asking about when a particular feature will be implemented or can be expected. 

> "Alas, it is always dangerous to prophesy, particularly about the future." - Danish proverb

We love our community and a large part of our development effort is directed by feedback from the community. We also love our paying customers and want to make sure their needs are met as well.

## Viewing the Roadmap

If you're a paying customer and need delivery timelines for specific features, please [open a support ticket](https://account.fusionauth.io/account/support/) with your questions. We'll get back to you with answers.

If you're a community member, review the [issues project](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/projects/2) which provides a short term roadmap (what we are currently working on, what is on deck). You can also review issues to be resolved in the next few releases in the [milestones](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-issues/milestones) view.

You can sort the full issues list by [the number of votes](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-issues/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+sort%3Areactions-%2B1-desc) which is a good indicator of future development efforts. 

It's important to note that **our roadmap is fluid**. Our development efforts are responsive both to community and customer needs. When you view the lists above, please take them as general guides and not hard and fast commitments. 

## Giving Feedback

If you're a paying customer and need a particular feature, please [open a support ticket](https://account.fusionauth.io/account/support/). We're happy to do our best to prioritize such requests.

If you're a community member, please [vote on issues](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-issues) with a thumbs up. As mentioned above, we actively incorporate the number of community votes when planning development efforts. 

You can also [file feature requests](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-issues/issues); please be as detailed as possible about the problem, use cases, and desired solutions.

## Bugs

Every FusionAuth release has both features and bug fixes. We appreciate [detailed bug reports](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-issues/issues) with replication steps, version information, log output and as much information as possible. After all, it's difficult to fix a bug without being able to reproduce it.

We prioritize bug fixes based on the impact of the issue, how many users are affected, estimated effort and other factors.

## Backwards Compatibility

Integrating an auth system isn't an easy decision. We believe in semantic versioning and backwards compatibility. 

We will note any deprecated functionality in the API documentation, which is the source of truth for FusionAuth functionality.

In rare cases where backwards compatibility can't be maintained, we'll follow our [deprecation policy](/docs/operate/roadmap/deprecation-policy) and offer as much warning as possible, including forum posts, release notes and in-application messages.

Some functionality, however, is more liable to change. See [Tech Preview Features](#tech-preview-features) for more information.

## If You Require a Feature

Sometimes you just can't wait for a feature to be finished through the normal development process! We get it. 

If you'd like to discuss delivery timelines of an unimplemented feature, please [contact us](/contact). This typically requires an Enterprise plan with a contract.

## Releases

<ReleaseNotification />

## Tech Preview Features

As FusionAuth continues to evolve, we introduce new features. Sometimes these features are fully baked, other times they change based on feedback from users and customers. 

If we expect the latter, we will label a feature "Tech Preview" in the release notes. While we never release functionality without planning for backwards compatibility, the "Tech Preview" label means we expect the labelled functionality to change in such a way that may break backwards compatibility.

## Premium Features

FusionAuth has features that are not part of the Community plan, but require a paid license to use. We believe that every developer deserves to use world class authentication and authorization, which is why we continue to invest in the free Community plan. But, we are also building a sustainable business, so we invest in paid features as well. 

We will clearly mark these features as requiring a paid license in the documentation. You can learn more about [these features here](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/plans-features).

These are known as paid features, premium features or advanced features as well.

# Releases

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import ReleaseNotification from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_release-notification.astro';

FusionAuth is a single tenant SaaS or downloadable solution. This fact means that you control when upgrades occur, rather than having an upgrade with new functionality and possibly breaking changes forced on you and your team.

<Aside type="note">
Authentication and authorization are core dependencies of your application, and we hate forced dependency upgrades.

You and you alone control when you upgrade.
</Aside>

## Release Notifications

<ReleaseNotification />

## Early Access Program

<Aside type="version">
Available since 1.41.0
</Aside>

FusionAuth has an early access program (EAP). The EAP allows you, within certain constraints, to test drive the features and functionality of the next release of FusionAuth. EAP versions differ from typical FusionAuth releases, which are also called generally available (GA) releases or versions.

One of the purposes of the EAP is to allow for community feedback on features. Therefore, new features, which in a GA release will require a license, will not require one in EAP releases.

You should always run a GA release in production.

### EAP Constraints

The constraints of an EAP version include:

* You need to contact us to get access to the EAP install options.
* There is no upgrade path from an EAP version to a released version.
* The performance and stability of a FusionAuth instance running an EAP version is not guaranteed.
* In an EAP, new features, functionality and APIs are under development and may change.
* Documentation for new features in an EAP may be lacking.

<Aside type="caution">
There is no upgrade path from an EAP version to a GA version.

EAP versions should be used only to test features and integrations in preparation for an upcoming GA release.
</Aside>

### EAP Usage Guidelines

An instance running an EAP version is appropriate for the following purposes:

* testing out features
* verifying the new version won't break your existing integrations
* giving feedback to the FusionAuth team

You **should not use** an EAP to:

* authenticate production users
* load test or verify performance
* test the upgrade process duration

<Aside type="caution">
There is no upgrade path from an EAP version to a GA version.

EAP versions should be used only to test features and integrations in preparation for an upcoming GA release.

Seriously.
</Aside>

#### Getting an EAP Release

Anyone can download and run an EAP release; we'd love your feedback.

To get access to the EAP release, take the following steps:

* Sign up for a FusionAuth account. If you don't have one, [you can sign up for free](https://account.fusionauth.io/).
* After you've signed up, please [contact us](/contact) to enable EAP access for you. You can also file a support ticket or send a slack message in your company's Slack channel.
* After the EAP has been enabled, you'll see an <Breadcrumb>Early access</Breadcrumb> tab in your account portal. Navigate to that and you'll see a list of available EAP releases with installation instructions.
* Proceed to install it as you would any GA release, with an understanding of the constraints listed in this document.

Here's the <Breadcrumb>Early access</Breadcrumb> tab before access is granted.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/roadmap/early-access-not-granted.png" alt="The early access tab when you do not yet have access." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

You'll typically want to choose the most recent EAP release, as that will include the latest bug fixes or improvements. Here's the <Breadcrumb>Early access</Breadcrumb> tab when you have access to the EAP and there are active EAP releases.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/roadmap/early-access-granted.png" alt="The early access tab when access is granted." width="1200" />

If there are no EAP releases listed in the account portal, there are no EAP versions available. An EAP version will only be available while the GA release which contains the new features is in development. Once the GA version is released, the EAP versions leading up to that release will be removed.

If you have an Enterprise or Essentials plan, FusionAuth can also stand up a cloud instance running the latest EAP for you upon request.

#### Example Use Cases

Testing a new install with existing configuration with the EAP version:

* stand up a new instance with the EAP version
* configure the new instance with your configuration management solution (Terraform, scripts, Kickstart)

Testing a migration from a released version to the EAP version:

* make a copy of the database of your FusionAuth instance running a GA version
* create a new FusionAuth instance running the same version
* upgrade the instance to the EAP version

Multiple EAP releases may be available. To migrate from one EAP release to another:

* make a copy of the database of your FusionAuth instance running a GA version, **not the instance running a previous EAP release**
* create a new FusionAuth instance running the same version
* upgrade the instance to the new EAP version

# Advanced Threat Detection

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import EnterprisePlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_enterprise-plan-blurb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import WebhookList from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/_list-advanced-threat-detection-webhooks.mdx';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

<EnterprisePlanBlurb />

<Aside type="version">
Available since `1.30.0`
</Aside>

Flagging and responding to suspicious behavior is a part of any cybersecurity product.
The FusionAuth Advanced Threat Detection feature provides best-practice functionality to help you manage unusual, potentially malicious behavior around logins, registrations, user creation, and user updates.

<Aside type="note">
Advanced Threat Detection can be enabled when the user creates a license or updates an existing license.

The Advanced Threat Detection feature requires increased RAM on servers running the FusionAuth application, as documented in the [System Requirements](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/reference/system-requirements#compute-ram).
</Aside>

Advanced Threat Detection features include:
- Rate limiting (too many failed login attempts).
- CAPTCHA to prevent automated logins.
- Location and IP restriction.
- Administrator notifications through emails and webhooks.

Each feature is configurable on a tenant-by-tenant basis using [the Tenant API](/docs/apis/tenants) or by browsing to <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> My Tenant -> Security</Breadcrumb>.

Here's a brief video covering some aspects of Advanced Threat Detection:

<YouTube id="pjGxOXamVfk" />

## Enable Advanced Threat Detection

When you enter a license key into FusionAuth in the admin UI at `/admin/reactor`, FusionAuth should contact the licensing server and enable Advanced Threat Detection. If you wait a minute and then refresh the page, <InlineField>Threat Detection</InlineField> should say `Active`.

If the field does not update, please contact FusionAuth support.

## Customizable Rate Limiting

A rate limit is the maximum number of times a user may perform an action in a set duration. You can set the following limits for each tenant:

- Failed login.
- Forgot password.
- Send or resend email verification.
- Passwordless or magic link login.
- Send or resend registration verification.
- Send two-factor code.
- Send or resend phone number verification.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/rate-limit-settings.png" alt="The rate limiting configuration screen." width="1200" />

You can enable or disable each of these and control the number of allowed attempts within a window before an action will be rate-limited.

Let's consider failed logins as an example. Assume you limit failed logins to five per sixty seconds. Should someone try to log in with an email address and the wrong password five times within a minute, that email address will be locked. From the time of the fifth login until one minute passes, no logins will succeed, even with the correct password. (Note that this means an attacker can lock another user out of their account by triggering failed login attempts using their email address.)

Further login attempts during the lockout duration, with or without the correct password, will not extend the duration of the lockout. Once a minute has elapsed, a user can log in again with the correct password. The lockout duration effectively clears failed login attempts because it is the same length as the sliding window of duration in which to check for failed logins. In other words, once the lockout period has passed, the user has up to five new attempts to enter the correct password. Entering an incorrect password won't trigger another lockout period immediately, even if the user had been trying unsuccessfully to log in during the lockout period.

Rate limiting applies whether you are accessing FusionAuth through the admin UI or in the terminal using the APIs.

An example of how rate limiting is applied for login is represented in the diagram below.

![Diagram showing Advanced Threat Detection and how a User will be blocked.](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/advanced-threat-detection-diagram.png)

If you need to lock an account after several failed logins, consider [user account locking](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/setting-up-user-account-lockout). Using the account lockout feature rather than rate limiting offers additional flexibility in the duration. FusionAuth can also send emails or webhooks when it locks a user's account.

### Before User Creation

Rate limiting is also utilized for cases before a user is created, like pre-verification. In this case, rate limiting occurs by identity value (email address or phone number).

### Usability Considerations

In security, it is good practice to give as little information to potential attackers as possible. This is why a website will tell you vaguely on failed login that the username or password is incorrect, rather than admitting that the user is not registered. Similarly, with rate limiting in FusionAuth, the user (or potential attacker) is not notified that rate-limiting restrictions have been triggered.

For example, when the number of incorrect login attempts is exceeded, any further *correct* login attempts within the duration will still fail — but the user won't be told why. Below is an example.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/user_login_failed.png" alt="How rate limiting appears to the user." width="1200" />

This can be extremely confusing to users, who may waste their time resetting their password with the Forgot Password flow, or waste your time making support requests. Note also that an attacker can use rate limiting to completely lock a user out of their account by automating failed login attempts with the victim's email address. FusionAuth does not distinguish between the IP addresses of the callers when applying rate limiting.

To improve the user experience, you can provide additional information in the messages shown on the various login pages and in email templates warning users about rate limits.

For example, you can browse to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Themes</Breadcrumb> and edit any of the available Themes, such as the default FusionAuth theme. In the <InlineField>Messages</InlineField> tab, you can change messages shown to users. You could change the following message.

```
[InvalidLogin]=Invalid login credentials.
```

To include a bit more information in the message, as below.

```
[InvalidLogin]=Invalid login credentials. If you are certain your password is
               correct, please wait 60 seconds and retry.
```

To balance security with usability, you need to decide how much information to reveal to users based on the usage patterns of your system and its security risks.

You can also use CSS and JavaScript to customize your theme and provide more information to users. For more information, please see the [theme customization documentation](/docs/customize/look-and-feel).

### Best Practices

There are three main concerns for rate limiting, from most to least important:
- Denial of service attacks on your authentication system. These can leave your entire application unusable.
- User email spam. This annoys users and reduces your email server's reputation. Two-factor SMS spam can incur significant costs to a company, too.
- Brute forcing login passwords. Login attempts are slow, and it's unlikely that attackers will guess any but the simplest of passwords.

For these reasons, you should enable rate limiting on all six functions in your tenant security tab. But they do not have to be very strict to prevent spam. The default limits (five attempts with a minute lockout) are sufficient to prevent most attacks when combined with other FusionAuth security features.

Some systems provide adaptive rate limiting, where limits change dynamically based on the load of the system. FusionAuth does not provide adaptive rate limiting, so you need to adjust your rates manually if you see an increase in attacks on your application.

Note that even if you enable rate limiting, FusionAuth will still receive every request sent to it. An overload of requests will cause a denial of service attack. You need to prevent this attack at the network layer of your system, not in FusionAuth itself.

## CAPTCHA

CAPTCHA stands for Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart, and can provide additional security. If you enable CAPTCHA, FusionAuth will use it on the login and registration pages.

FusionAuth supports:
- Google reCAPTCHA v2 (puzzle or one-click).
- Google reCAPTCHA v3 (invisible with threat score from 0 to 1).
- hCaptcha and hCaptcha Enterprise.

FusionAuth does not support Google reCAPTCHA Enterprise. reCAPTCHA Enterprise is similar to reCAPTCHA v3, but with added machine learning capability.

reCAPTCHA v3 requires no work from your users and offers a more pleasant user experience than v2, although there is a danger that a user is mistaken as non-human and will have no way to remedy the issue. reCAPTCHA v2 is useful if you prefer to validate that a user is human, rather than operating on the probability they are human. The ease of use of reCAPTCHA v2 makes it a good option to start with, unless your users report errors.

hCaptcha is a reCAPTCHA alternative offered by a company that is not Google. You should research your options before deciding which CAPTCHA service to use, but here are a few of the alleged differences claimed online:
- hCaptcha keeps less private user information than reCAPTCHA and has a strict privacy policy. reCAPTCHA violates GDPR and is not suitable for European sites.
- hCaptcha works in every country. China blocks Google.
- hCaptcha is free for one million verifications per month. reCAPTCHA is free for ten thousand verifications per month.
- Paid plans for both hCaptcha and reCAPTCHA are a bit complicated, and you should carefully estimate the total fee based on your number of users.

At the beginning of 2024, hCaptcha seems to be the better choice for number of countries supported, privacy, and price (depending on your number of users).

<Aside type="note">
"reCAPTCHA scores run from 0.0 (bot) to 1.0 (person). hCaptcha Enterprise scores are risk scores, and thus they run from 0.0 (no risk) to 1.0 (confirmed threat)." - [hCaptcha documentation](https://docs.hcaptcha.com/switch/)
</Aside>

### How To Set Up reCAPTCHA

First, create a CAPTCHA site on Google:
- Browse to https://www.google.com/recaptcha/admin/create.
- Click <InlineField>Switch to create a classic key</InlineField> to ensure that you are not creating an Enterprise key.
- Enter your domain name, or `localhost` if you are testing locally.
- Choose v2 or v3.

The form should look like the image below.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/create_captcha.png" alt="Create a CAPTCHA in Google" width="1200" />

<Aside type="note">
To delete a CAPTCHA site, browse to the Google administrative console at https://www.google.com/recaptcha/admin, select a site, click settings, and click the tiny delete icon at the top-right of the page.
</Aside>

<Aside type="danger">
When you enable reCAPTCHA, take care that your keys in FusionAuth are correct and your domain name in Google is correct. If you make a mistake, you will not be able to log in with your administrator account to make changes because CAPTCHA will fail. You will need to remove CAPTCHA manually by connecting to the FusionAuth database and altering tables. Test on a copy of your live site first.
</Aside>

In the FusionAuth admin UI, edit a tenant and navigate to the **Security** tab. Go to <InlineField>Captcha Settings</InlineField> and toggle on <InlineField>Enabled</InlineField>. Enter your chosen reCAPTCHA version and the keys from Google. Leave the threat score at half and adjust it later if necessary. Save the changes.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/enter_captcha_details.png" alt="Enter CAPTCHA details in FusionAuth" width="1200" />

If you log out and go to the login screen, you'll be given a CAPTCHA puzzle if you specified reCAPTCHA v2. If you specified reCAPTCHA v3, nothing will be shown.

Below is what the user will see when logging in with reCAPTCHA v2 enabled.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/captcha_login1.png" alt="Login with reCAPTCHA" width="1200" />

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/captcha_login2.png" alt="Login with reCAPTCHA" width="1200" />

### How To Set Up hCaptcha

Browse to https://dashboard.hcaptcha.com/signup and create an hCaptcha account. Generate a secret key and proceed to add a site. Unlike reCAPTCHA, hCaptcha will not work with localhost. Browse to https://dashboard.hcaptcha.com and click on your site to edit its settings. If you are testing on your localhost, enter a URL for a domain, such as `check.example.com`. Save the site.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/hcaptcha_create_site.png" alt="hCaptcha create new site" width="1200" />

In your local `/etc/hosts` file, add the entry line below to redirect your localhost to the hCaptcha domain and save the file.

```
127.0.0.1   check.example.com
```

For your operating system, see the instructions at https://docs.hcaptcha.com/#local-development.

Now browse to FusionAuth at http://check.example.com:9011/admin. Edit a tenant, and under <InlineField>Captcha Settings</InlineField>, toggle <InlineField>Enabled</InlineField> to on. Choose hCaptcha and enter your keys from the site. Leave the threat score at half and adjust it later if necessary. Save the changes.

If you log out and go to the login screen, you'll be given a CAPTCHA puzzle.

Below is what the user will see when logging in.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/hcaptcha_login1.png" alt="Login with hCaptcha" width="1200" />

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/hcaptcha_login2.png" alt="Login with hCaptcha" width="1200" />

## Location Aware Security

FusionAuth collects location information for requests and uses it to secure user accounts in various ways that developers can configure and control.

Some location-aware features are:
- Each Forgot Password email to users displays the geographic location the password reset request was made from. The recipient can determine if the location of the requester seems suspicious.
- Suspicious login events are flagged, users are notified with a message containing an approximate location of the login, and a webhook is sent.
- Logins from different locations around the globe calculate "impossible travel" to see if the user could realistically log in from these locations in a reasonable time frame.
- Logins from unexpected IP addresses send notification emails to the user containing an approximate location of the IP address.

## IP Access Control Lists

You can use Advanced Threat Detection to restrict an application or API key to a certain IP address or range of IP addresses.

Create an IP address access control list (IP ACL) in the FusionAuth admin UI at <Breadcrumb>Settings -> IP Access Control</Breadcrumb>.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/ip-acl-list.png" alt="The IP access control list configuration screen." width="1200" />

<Aside type="danger">
Be careful when enabling an ACL for the default tenant or a FusionAuth application. If you make a mistake, you will not be able to log in with your administrator account to make changes because your IP address is restricted. You will need to remove the ACL by connecting to the FusionAuth database and altering tables.
</Aside>

To apply the ACL to an application, browse to <InlineField>Applications</InlineField> and edit the application. On the <InlineField>Security</InlineField> tab under <InlineField>Access control lists settings</InlineField>, select the ACL.

With an ACL applied, a user will be prevented from even accessing an application login page if they are not in the IP address range. If you have internal applications or applications to which access should otherwise be limited, this feature can help secure them.

You can restrict access on a tenant instead of an application in the same way: Edit the <InlineField>Security</InlineField> tab of the tenant. The ACL restriction will be applied to every application and user belonging to that tenant.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/ip-acl-application.png" alt="Applying an IP ACL to an application." width="1200" />

In addition to restricting users to an IP range, you can also restrict API keys. This is useful if you are managing your FusionAuth configuration via a CI/CD system. You can create an API key to modify configurations, but limit that key to the IP address range of your CI/CD system, increasing security and lowering the risk of the API key being used incorrectly.

To only allow administrators in your company to make API calls to your application or restrict an API key to IP addresses in your building, edit the API key security in <InlineField>Settings</InlineField>-><InlineField>API Keys</InlineField>.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/ip-acl-api-key.png" alt="Applying an IP ACL to an API key." width="1200" />

Finally, IP address restriction can be used in the case of denial-of-service attacks. If an adversary is making thousands of calls a minute to your application, performance will degrade. If you detect an IP address spamming your application, block it in FusionAuth or your network gateway.

### Usability Considerations

In general, restricting IP addresses for users will be more harmful than beneficial. Personal VPN use has risen significantly in the last few years due to people avoiding national firewalls, digital sanctions against countries, governments spying on citizens, and corporate data collection and privacy violations. The IP address your application sees for a user might not indicate their actual country if they use a VPN. It's becoming more common for users' IP addresses to change frequently. Employees work from home, remotely, or use dynamic IP addresses from their internet service providers instead of static ones. VPNs also reduce the reliability of impossible travel calculations. Finally, if you see suspicious behavior from an IP address that is a VPN gateway, you should not ban that address and lock out all other users of that VPN.

In addition to IP address restriction being unpleasant for users, you cannot completely trust the reported IP addresses of clients. As an IP request passes through the internet through various proxy servers, they record the path of addresses in the `X-Forwarded-For` HTTP header. If any proxy lies or is misconfigured, FusionAuth might grant access to an IP address of a client that should not be trusted.

When setting an ACL, be careful that you are not causing unnecessary difficulty for users of your system. You could instead use another solution like CAPTCHA or rate limiting.

## Registration Email Domain Blocking

If you enable self-service registration, users can provide any email address they like. But you may have email domains that have elevated privileges, like your `company.com` domain. There may be email addresses for which you want to block registration, like consumer `gmail.com` addresses if your application is aimed at business users.

In either of these cases, you can block one or more domains from the registration process using Advanced Threat Detection.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/block-domains.png" alt="Blocking consumer facing domains from registering." width="1200" />

## Webhooks And Emails

You can configure FusionAuth to send emails and webhooks when certain security events occur. The difference between the two is that emails are sent to the end user of your application for a security event associated with their account, and webhooks can be sent to any external system for a wide variety of security events.

Emails can be configured separately for tenants and applications. Webhooks can be configured for all tenants (global webhooks) or configured per tenant. Unlike emails, webhooks cannot be configured per application.

### Emails

Emails can be sent to the user when an event involving their account occurs. You can add your [own email templates](/docs/customize/email-and-messages). A sample ["Threat Detected" email template](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/email-templates-replacement-variables#threat-detected) documents available variables. Security-related emails may be localized, like any other email template.

If you need help setting up email in FusionAuth for the first time, please see the [guide to SMTP](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/configure-email).

Here are the security events for which you can send emails:

- Email update — When a user's email address changes. This email is sent to the new and old addresses.
- Forgot password — When a user starts the "Forgot password" workflow.
- Login Id duplicate on create — When a user attempts to create a new user with an existing user's email address.
- Login Id duplicate on update — When a user attempts to change their email address to an existing user's email address.
- Login with new device — When a user logs in with a device not previously used.
- Suspicious login — When a login is flagged by FusionAuth as suspicious.
- Password reset success — When a user completes a "Forgot password" flow successfully.
- Password update — When a user's password is updated.
- Passwordless login — When a user requests a login link to be sent to their email address.
- Setup password — When a new account is created for a user and they are asked to set a password.
- Two-factor method added — When a two-factor authentication method is added to a user's account.
- Two-factor method removed — When a two-factor authentication method is removed from a user's account.

You can configure emails for tenants in <Breadcrumb>Tenant -> Your Tenant -> Email -> Template Settings</Breadcrumb> or for Applications in <Breadcrumb>Applications -> Your Application -> Email -> Templates</Breadcrumb>.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/security-emails-list.png" alt="List of email templates." width="1200" />

The easiest way to test security emails is to trigger the "Login with new device" email by logging in to FusionAuth from a private browser window. The image below shows how the "Threat Detected" email template looks to the user.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/security_email.png" alt="What getting a security email looks like" width="1200" />

### Webhooks

A webhook is an outbound HTTP request that carries a message to an endpoint. A webhook is used to inform an external system of some event in FusionAuth. The webhook/API terminology can be confusing. Note that most web applications, including FusionAuth, call a trigger to send data a "webhook", but when receiving data, the term "API" is used. So if you're looking for a destination for a FusionAuth webhook in an external system, you won't find it under the webhook documentation; you'll find it under [API documentation](/docs/apis/webhooks). This is why webhooks are sometimes known as "reverse APIs". However, some companies, like Slack in their documentation, also call incoming requests "incoming webhooks".

Webhooks can be sent to any IP address. Your security information and event management (SIEM) or other analytics systems may need to process security-related events, such as when MFA has been disabled for a user or when a user has requested a password reset.

Here's the full list of Advanced Threat Detection webhooks:

<WebhookList/>

For a comprehensive explanation of using webhooks in FusionAuth, please read [the guide](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks). If you want to send webhooks programmatically, you can do so using the [FusionAuth API](/docs/apis/webhooks).

If you want to see an example webhook, the easiest way is to browse to https://public.requestbin.com/r and paste the random link they give you, such as `https://enxy8i2pfzcy9.x.pipedream.net`, into the <InlineField>URL</InlineField> of a new webhook you create on the <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Webhooks</Breadcrumb> page.

Then, in your tenant webhooks tab, enable <InlineField>user.login.new-device</InlineField>. Open a new incognito browser window and log in to FusionAuth.

You will see JSON like the following arriving in the logs of `requestbin.com`.


```json
{
  "event": {
    "applicationId": "3c219e58-ed0e-4b18-ad48-f4f92793ae32",
    "authenticationType": "PASSWORD",
    "connectorId": "e3306678-a53a-4964-9040-1c96f36dda72",
    "createInstant": 1713179501580,
    "id": "30caed6b-829f-47a3-8733-ab62a9c2e76b",
    "info": {
      "deviceName": "Linux Chrome",
      "deviceType": "BROWSER",
      "ipAddress": "127.0.0.1",
      "userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
    },
    "ipAddress": "127.0.0.1",
    "tenantId": "d7d09513-a3f5-401c-9685-34ab6c552453",
    "type": "user.login.new-device",
    "user": {
      "active": true,
      "birthDate": "1985-11-23",
      "connectorId": "e3306678-a53a-4964-9040-1c96f36dda72",
      "data": {},
      "email": "richard@example.com",
      "firstName": "Fred",
      "id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-111111111111",
      "insertInstant": 1712746261562,
      "lastLoginInstant": 1713179501579,
      "lastName": "Flintstone",
      "lastUpdateInstant": 1712746261562,
      "memberships": [],
      "passwordChangeRequired": false,
      "passwordLastUpdateInstant": 1712746261581,
      "preferredLanguages": [],
      "registrations": [
        {
          "applicationId": "e9fdb985-9173-4e01-9d73-ac2d60d1dc8e",
          "data": {
            "favoriteColor": "turquoise"
          },
          "id": "03ec163e-b4d6-43ba-84f1-963318011e1b",
          "insertInstant": 1712746261587,
          "lastLoginInstant": 1712746261587,
          "lastUpdateInstant": 1712746261587,
          "preferredLanguages": [],
          "roles": [],
          "tokens": {},
          "usernameStatus": "ACTIVE",
          "verified": true,
          "verifiedInstant": 1712746261587
        }
      ],
      "tenantId": "d7d09513-a3f5-401c-9685-34ab6c552453",
      "twoFactor": {
        "methods": [],
        "recoveryCodes": []
      },
      "usernameStatus": "ACTIVE",
      "verified": true,
      "verifiedInstant": 1712746261562
    }
  }
}
```

To receive a webhook for a location-aware event, use the `user.login.suspicious` event for your tenant.

Using webhooks in combination with API calls to FusionAuth, you can write a simple web server script to perform various security tasks. For instance, if the script received the event `user.password.breach`, it could call FusionAuth to change the user's password to a random UUID and force the user to complete the "Forgot password" workflow and choose a safer password.

# Breached Password Detection

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import BreachedPasswordHTML from 'src/content/docs/_shared/email/_breached-password-html.mdx';
import BreachedPasswordText from 'src/content/docs/_shared/email/_breached-password-txt.mdx';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import PremiumPlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_premium-plan-blurb.astro';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';

Breached password detection consists of the following tasks:

1. Finding breached and compromised passwords.
1. Building a system to download, process and store these datasets.
1. Checking passwords to see if they've been compromised.
1. Taking action when a compromised credential is found.

FusionAuth has taken care of steps 1, 2 and 3. All you need to do is to configure the desired action.

The end goal of detecting breached passwords is to have a more secure auth system and to avoid unauthorized access due to compromised user credentials.

## How Do I Use Breached Password Detection?

<PremiumPlanBlurb />

Here's a video showing setup and usage of the breached password detection feature.

<YouTube id="JUB-5wQ_fdI" />

Conceptually, FusionAuth uses a pull model rather than a push model. Passwords are checked in real time when users provide them: at registration, password change, or, optionally, during login. 

## Setting Up

The first step to enabling breached password detection is to have a valid license key. Please visit [our pricing page](/pricing) to buy a license.

The next step is to activate the license. You'll need to ensure that your FusionAuth instance has outbound network access. To activate, simply follow the steps outlined in the [Reactor documentation](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/licensing). 

<Aside type="note">
After you activate your license, there will be a delay before the breached password dataset is available and the feature is working. This delay is typically minutes and at most an hour.
</Aside>

Then, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Tenants</Breadcrumb> and edit the tenant for which you wish to enable the feature. Go to the <Breadcrumb>Password</Breadcrumb> tab and the <InlineUIElement>Breached password detection settings</InlineUIElement> section. Click the checkbox to enable breached password detection. This will enable additional configuration options, as seen below:

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/turn-on-detection.png" alt="Turn on breached password detection" width="1200" />

The default settings prevent use of compromised credentials in a number of contexts. Simply by enabling breached password detection, all users within this tenant will, from that moment forward, no longer be able to use any password that has been found to be breached by the FusionAuth team.

Passwords will be checked any time they are created or changed, such as when:

* A user is created
* A password change is initiated by an end user
* A administrator modifies a user's password 

Below, you can see an administrative user has received an error message because they attempted to update a password to a compromised value:

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/admin-user-attempting-to-use-breached-password.png" alt="Error message when an administrative user tries to use a compromised password." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

If an administrative user changes any other user attribute without modifying the password, it won't be checked.

Any password creation or change, whether through user interaction with themed pages or an API call, will check the provided text against the latest corpus of compromised passwords. If there is a match, an error will be returned.

## Configuration Options

While the default settings are secure, you may want to configure this feature further. The <InlineUIElement>Breached password detection settings</InlineUIElement> section contains additional configuration options:

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/breached-password-configuration-options.png" alt="Breached password detection configuration options." width="1200" />

Each of these configuration options can be updated using either the administrative interface or by calling the [Tenant API](/docs/apis/tenants).

Let's examine each of these in turn.

### Match Mode

When FusionAuth is checking for compromised credentials, there are a number of ways to attempt to match them. Assume you have a user with the username `richard@piedpiper.com` and they are trying to sign up with the password `This333ABCpassword!`.

The system could match on the password string (`This333ABCpassword!`) only. If the password was in the dataset and any other user had ever used it, FusionAuth would consider this a match and not allow this password.

Another way of matching would be to see if there are any sub-email accounts associated with that password. These are also called aliases by some email providers such as Gmail. For instance, `\richard+test@piedpiper.com` is an alias of `richard@piedpiper.com`. The system could check multiple addresses, such as `richard+test@piedpiper.com` and `richard+foo@piedpiper.com`. All of these addresses would be paired with the provided password and checked against the datasets.

If you match on sub-email accounts, if the pair of `richard+test@piedpiper.com` and `This333ABCpassword!` was found in the corpus, FusionAuth would consider this a match and not allow this password. On the other hand, if `\jared@piedpiper.com` and `This333ABCpassword!` were in the dataset, `\richard@piedpiper.com` would still be allowed to use this password.

You could also narrow your scope further and match on only the username/password pair. If `\richard@piedpiper.com` and `password!` appeared together in the password list, then FusionAuth would not allow this password. If `\richard+test@piedpiper.com` and `This333ABCpassword!` or `\jared@piedpiper.com` and `This333ABCpassword!` were, the password would be allowed.

You can control which level of matching will disallow use of a password. This is called the *Match mode* configuration setting and can be one of the following values:

* `High` means that should any of the above situations hold, the check fails. This is the strictest option.
* `Medium` means that an exact username and password match, a commonly compromised password is found, or a sub-email address match disqualifies the password.
* `Low` means that an exact username and password match or a commonly compromised password results in a failed check.

Assume the dataset contains `richard@piedpiper.com` with a password of `This333ABCpassword!` with the same password. If the following users tried to register, the results for a given mode would be:

*What Is Allowed In Each Match Mode*
| Username                    | Password             | High     | Medium   | Low      |
| --------------------------- | -------------------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
|`richard@piedpiper.com`      |`This333ABCpassword!` | &#x274C; | &#x274C; | &#x274C; |
|`richard+test@piedpiper.com` |`This333ABCpassword!` | &#x274C; | &#x274C; | &#9989;  |
|`jian@piedpiper.com`         |`This333ABCpassword!` | &#x274C;  | &#9989; | &#9989;  |
|`richard@piedpiper.com`      |`ADifferent333pass!`  | &#9989;  | &#9989;  | &#9989;  |

The stricter the match mode, the more likely your users will be forced to choose a different password because the one they choose is not secure.

### On Login

The matching and prohibition of compromised passwords takes place whenever the user is creating or changing a password, as mentioned above. However, there is one other time when a breached password check might make sense: at login. 

Consider this scenario: a user signs up on example.com with a password. They come to your site and sign up with the same password. They continue to use your application for months, but forget about their example.com account. 

Then, example.com has a data breach. They may send out a notice, but your user may ignore it or may forget to change their password on every system where they used it. 

If you only check for compromise when the password is created at registration or when modified, accounts will have credentials that have been compromised by breaches external to your system. The example.com breach negatively affects your application through the vector of the reused password. 

For this reason, it's a good idea to detect breached passwords whenever a user logs in.

However, this raises another issue. What do you do when you detect a breached password at login? At the other times FusionAuth is checking, the password is being modified, so it is easy to prohibit the compromised value; just notify the user that the password is not allowed.

However, at sign in, the user isn't expecting to change their password. So what is the appropriate action? The answer is that it depends. FusionAuth allows you flexibility to meet your requirements. In order of increasing impact on the user, the options are:

* Record the breach in metrics
* Send the user an email
* Require the user to change their password

With any of these choices, you can configure a webhook to publish the password breach event.

#### Recording the Breach

Recording the breach and optionally firing a webhook is a good fit for two scenarios. If you're exploring breached password detection and are unsure how it will affect your end users, use this to gauge the number of compromised passwords. 

Another reason to use this option is if you want to rely solely on [webhooks](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/) to take the appropriate action. You may handle a breached password in custom code, rather than using any of the default FusionAuth options. You could:

* Automatically run a security audit on systems to which the user with the compromised credentials has access
* Lock the account and send an SMS notification
* Force a password change and also flip a flag on their account to more closely monitor it for suspicious activity in the future

All of these require custom code on your end, of course.

#### Sending an Email

Sending the user an email lets the user know that their account could be compromised, but doesn't require any action.

This email is an [email template](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/) which can be customized and localized like other email templates. You'll typically include a link to reset their password, but you may want to include other information as well. Below are the default templates.

<BreachedPasswordHTML />

<BreachedPasswordText />

Please see the [email template documentation](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/email-templates-replacement-variables#breached-password) for more information, including available variables.

#### Requiring a Password Change

Another option for handling breached passwords at login is to require a password change. Once a password has been found to be breached, the account is marked as requiring a password change. The user is forced to change it whenever they attempt to login. Changing the 'On login' setting to a different option will have no effect on accounts already marked as needing a password change.

If you are using the FusionAuth themed login pages, after the user logs in with a compromised password they will see a page generated by the "OAuth Change password form" template. As with any other template, you can customize it. Please check out the [themes documentation](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/) for more information.

If you are instead using the [login API](/docs/apis/login), the API call will respond with a `203` HTTP status code. Please review the API documentation for more information.

You can also read the [End User Experience](#end-user-experience) section for more on what the end user will see.

### Recommended Settings

The recommended options for maximum protection from compromised passwords:

* Set the *Match mode* to *High*.
* Configure the *On login* option to require a password change. Alternatively, set this value to record the result and configure a webhook to process password breach events.

Of course, choose options that work for you and your system. This is why FusionAuth provides all the configuration flexibility outlined above. 

## Breached Password Detection Reporting

Reporting is a key part of breached password detection. Aggregate information across all your users informs actions to take on detection, both within FusionAuth and in external systems. 

Reports let you know which users have breached account credentials. This allows you to contact the user or take other actions on the compromised account.

### Overview Report

To view the overview report, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Reactor</Breadcrumb>:

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/overview-report.png" alt="Overview password breach report" width="1200" />

This report displays the total number of checked passwords, detected breaches and accounts with action required. These numbers are displayed for the entire FusionAuth instance as well as on a per tenant basis, should you be using multi-tenant functionality.

### User Report

You can also view a list of all users with breached passwords. To do so, click on the *Breached users* search button on the <Breadcrumb>Reactor</Breadcrumb> page. You'll see this report:

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/user-report.png" alt="Individual password breach report" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

This is a paginated list of users with compromised credentials. You can then manage the user or lock their account. If you navigate to the user's details page, there is a warning about their vulnerable password:

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/admin-user-vulnerable-message.png" alt="The vulnerable password message in the admin interface" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

An administrator is also able to modify the user account. Options include locking their account, forcing a password change or resetting their password and sending them an email:

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/acting-on-a-user.png" alt="Acting on a user" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

### Custom Reporting

If you have custom reporting needs, such as knowing the number of breached accounts over time, or finding how many users have had multiple password breaches, the best option is to ingest the data into your own analytics system.

You can do so by setting up a webhook to listen for the [`user.password.breach` event](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/password/user-password-breach). You can read more about setting up [webhooks here](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/).

## End User Experience

What does the end user see when a breached password is detected? It depends on whether they are registering or logging in when the breach is detected.

It also is different if you are using the FusionAuth provided templates or have built your own integration using [APIs](/docs/apis/).

### FusionAuth Provided Templates

If you use the FusionAuth templates, users who are registering will see this message, if they pick a compromised password:

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/oauth-registration-breached-message.png" alt="What a user who is registering with a breached password will see." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

They will not be able to successfully complete a registration without choosing a more secure password.

If you enable breach detection on login, but do not require a password change, the end user will see no difference whether signing in with a secure or compromised password. If you configure FusionAuth to send an email, the user will receive that notice, of course.

If you, on the other hand, require a password change, when a user signs in with a breached password, they'll see this screen:

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/oauth-login-breached-message.png" alt="What a user who is signing in with a breached password will see." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

These pages can be customized and localized, both in the messages displayed to the end user and in the look and feel. Please visit the [themes documentation](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/) for more information.

### API Responses

When you create a user with the [User APIs](/docs/apis/users) and breached password detection is enabled, you'll receive an error if the password is compromised. The HTTP status code will be `400` and you'll receive a response containing an error object.

*JSON Response When A User Registers With A Breached Password*
```json
{
  "fieldErrors": {
    "user.password": [
      {
        "code": "[breachedCommonPassword]user.password",
        "message": "The [user.password] property value has been breached and may not be used, please select a different password."
      }
    ]
  }
}
```

If you enable breach detection on login and don't require a password change, you'll receive a `200` HTTP status code on successful login and the normal JSON response. Please see the [Login API](/docs/apis/login) documentation for more information.

Alternatively, if you require a password change, you'll receive a `203` HTTP status code. You'll also receive JSON explaining why the password change is required:

*JSON Response When A User Logs In With A Breached Password*
```json
{
  "changePasswordId": "yo0FiR_y7Rrtrk2vKe_F93PQ-nWljfGGWexgNSbHfXQ",
  "changePasswordReason": "Breached"
}
```

You can then use the [Change a User's Password API](/docs/apis/users#change-a-users-password) to, well, change the user's password.

## How It Works

Here's a high level diagram of the FusionAuth breached password detection service:

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/breached-password-detection-diagram.png" alt="Diagram of the breached password detection system." width="1200" />

New breached passwords are ingested and processed by FusionAuth on an ongoing basis. An additional encryption key is used to securely communicate with the FusionAuth Reactor service using a strong AES cipher. 

You can modify this key by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Reactor</Breadcrumb> and clicking the *Regenerate Key* button. When you do so, you'll be prompted to confirm this decision:

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/regenerating-the-key.png" alt="Regenerating the AES key." width="1200" />

Do this if you there was any chance the key was compromised, if directed to do so by FusionAuth support, or if you are troubleshooting your Reactor service connection.

## Limitations

Breached password detection in FusionAuth has a few limitations of which you should be aware.

As you might expect, it can't check passwords controlled by other systems, such as when you use an [external identity provider](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/).

All other password rules, as defined in the tenant configuration, also apply when passwords are changed. If you set a minimum length requirement of 25 characters, both conditions must be satisfied for a password to be accepted. Therefore, the user will have to select a password at least 25 characters long *and* not known to have been compromised.

Breached password detection is configured at the tenant level and applies to all applications within that tenant. For example, if you enable detection for the `Default` tenant, which contains the FusionAuth application, administrative users with access to that application will have their passwords checked.

The breached password detection webhook event, `user.password.breach`, is only fired when login breach detection is enabled. It is not fired at registration or password modification because in these cases the compromised password has never entered the FusionAuth system.

# Compliance Frameworks

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import EnterprisePlanBlurb from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_enterprise-plan-blurb.astro';
import FIPSLimits from 'src/content/docs/operate/secure/_fips-limitations.mdx';

FusionAuth is in the process of conforming with various standards including the [Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS)](https://www.nist.gov/standardsgov/compliance-faqs-federal-information-processing-standards-fips) and [FedRAMP](https://www.fedramp.gov).

While full certification is not yet available, FusionAuth conforms and self-certifies compliance as appropriate. Since most compliance frameworks restrict encryption standards, this is currently the primary focus area.

Below you will find the status of FusionAuth's compliance as well as details about the encryption in use.

## Cryptographic and Encryption Functionality

Here is a non-exhaustive list of cryptographic and encryption functionality FusionAuth uses:

* signing
* encryption
* password hashing

### Signing

FusionAuth signs the items below using various cryptographic signature algorithms including HMAC, RSA, ECDSA, and EdDSA:

* JWT signing
* XML signing for SAML
* Webhook signing
* WebAuthN (Passkeys) signing

### Encryption

FusionAuth encrypts the items below using various cryptographic algorithms including AES, RSA, and ECDSA:

* XML encryption for SAML
* Various encryption of plain-text passwords prior to being hashed
* Encryption for all cookies that contain data
* TLS connections to the database and search engine
* TLS connections to Reactor (advanced threat detection and breached password detection)

### Password Hashing

FusionAuth hashes the items below using various cryptographic algorithms including bcrypt, PBKDF2, MD5, SHA, and others:

* Passwords
* API keys

<Aside type="caution">
  FusionAuth allows custom password hashing algorithms to be enabled via our plugin system. These custom algorithms are not checked for compliance.

  FusionAuth also allows the password hashing algorithm to be changed per tenant, Application, or User. FusionAuth cannot certify that the algorithms used are secure or conform to any particular compliance framework.
</Aside>

## FIPS Compliance

<EnterprisePlanBlurb />

Beginning with version `1.62.0`, FusionAuth supports a runtime mode that provides compliance with FIPS 140-3 cryptographic module restrictions. 

This support is provided by [Bouncy Castle's FIPS compliant library](https://www.bouncycastle.org/download/bouncy-castle-java-fips/), and is configurable via the `fusionauth-app.fips.enabled` configuration parameter (i.e. in `fusionauth.properties`, a command-line parameter, or an environment variable).

### Details

The FIPS support in FusionAuth covers the main components of the FIPS 140-3 Level 1 standard. Here's a list that outlines the main areas within FusionAuth that change when FIPS mode is enabled:

* Passwords must be a minimum of 14 characters in length
* The password used to connect to the database must be a minimum of 14 characters in length
* RSA keys must be a minimum of 2048 bits in length
* Deprecated algorithms, such as RSA 1024, are not allowed

Some items might provide validation errors, such as creating a Tenant with a password length minimum less than 14 characters. However, there are other features that might result in `500` responses from the API, such as importing invalid keys. Regardless, FusionAuth prevents most non-FIPS compliant configurations (see the note under Limitations for exceptions).

Additionally, FusionAuth is not FIPS certified. We've done our best to ensure FusionAuth is using FIPS compliant libraries and implementing the required FIPS validation, such as password lengths. However, we make no guarantees that FusionAuth is fully FIPS compliant or FIPS certified.

### Limitations

<FIPSLimits />

# CORS Reference

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

[Cross-Origin Resources Sharing](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CORS) (CORS) provides a mechanism to control permission
to resources on a server on a different domain or origin than the originating request. Practically, this means that in order to make HTTP requests in JavaScript to FusionAuth when the request
is coming from a different domain, CORS needs to be configured to allow the request.

Most of the time this works as designed, you do not need to think much about CORS configuration. In some cases you may find the configuration is restricting the way you want to use FusionAuth, especially if you are building out browser-based single page applications (SPAs). If this happens, FusionAuth allows you to modify or enable the CORS filter.

## Configuration

<Aside type="version">
Available Since Version 1.8.0.
</Aside>

To modify the default CORS configuration navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> System -> CORS</Breadcrumb>. Please utilize caution when modifying this configuration, with great power comes great responsibility.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/cors-settings.png" alt="CORS Configuration" width="1200" role="shadowed" />

### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Enabled">
    When enabled, the CORS filter will process requests made to FusionAuth. The default setting disables the CORS filter, and all CORS requests will be denied.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Allow credentials">
    The `Access-Control-Allow-Credentials` response header values as described by [MDN Access-Control-Allow-Credentials](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Access-Control-Allow-Credentials).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Allowed headers">
    The `Access-Control-Allow-Headers` response header values as described by [MDN Access-Control-Allow-Headers](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Access-Control-Allow-Headers).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Allowed methods">
    The `Access-Control-Allow-Methods` response header values as described by [MDN Access-Control-Allow-Methods](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Access-Control-Allow-Methods).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Allowed origins">
    The `Access-Control-Allow-Origin` response header values as described by [MDN Access-Control-Allow-Origin](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Access-Control-Allow-Origin). If the wildcard `*` is specified, no additional domains may be specified.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Exposed headers">
    The `Access-Control-Expose-Headers` response header values as described by [MDN Access-Control-Expose-Headers](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Access-Control-Expose-Headers).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Preflight max age">
    The `Access-Control-Max-Age` response header values as described by [MDN Access-Control-Max-Age](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Access-Control-Max-Age).
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Debug enabled" since="1.25.0">
    Enable debug to create an event log to assist you in debugging `403` HTTP response codes. When enabled, a Debug event log will be created when the FusionAuth CORS filter returns a `403` detailing the reason for the response to assist you in configuration.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

### CORS Excluded URI Paths
We have excluded some paths from FusionAuth CORS filtering in order to force same-origin browser requests on these paths. The following are the URL patterns excluded from our CORS filter.

* `/account*`
* `/admin*`
* `/support*`
* `/ajax*`

## Default Configuration

The following reference has been provided in case you want to return the CORS filter configuration to the original values provided by FusionAuth.

{/* Internal Note: This needs to match our shipped CORS configuration. See Migration_1_8_0.java */}

### Default Configuration

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Enabled">
    `false`, but you need this to be `true` to process any CORS requests.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Allow credentials">
    `false`
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Allowed headers">
    `Accept`, `Access-Control-Request-Headers`, `Access-Control-Request-Method`, `Authorization`, `Content-Type`, `Last-Modified`, `Origin`, `X-FusionAuth-TenantId`, `X-Requested-With`
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Allowed methods">
    * `GET`
    * `OPTIONS`
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Allowed origins">
    None
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Exposed headers">
    * `Access-Control-Allow-Origin`
    * `Access-Control-Allow-Credentials`
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Preflight max age">
    `1800`
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

# Secure

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';

If you're installing FusionAuth on your own server, use the following guide as a baseline for securing the network services. If you need further assistance to secure FusionAuth, please ask a question in the <a href="/community/forum/" target="_blank">FusionAuth forum</a>. If you have a licensed plan you may open a <a href="https://account.fusionauth.io/account/support/" target="_blank">support request from your account</a>.

If you are already a FusionAuth customer and would like to be on the security announcement email list, log into [account.fusionauth.io](https://account.fusionauth.io) and ensure you have been assigned the `Security Officer` role.

## Required ports

See the [Configuration Reference](/docs/reference/configuration) for more information on default port configuration. The documentation below
assumes the default port configuration.

### FusionAuth Search

If FusionAuth Search is running on the same system as the FusionAuth App service and you're only running a single instance of FusionAuth
App then no external ports should be allowed for FusionAuth Search. In this scenario, FusionAuth App will access the Elasticsearch
service on port `9021` on the `localhost` address. The default configuration should cause FusionAuth Search to only bind to `127.0.0.1` or other
localhost addresses. See `fusionauth-search.hosts` in the [Configuration Reference](/docs/reference/configuration).

If FusionAuth App is installed on multiple servers and those servers can communicate across a private network using a site local address then
the default FusionAuth Search Configuration will not bind to any public IP addresses. In this scenario you will need to allow access to
ports `9020` and `9021` on the site local IP address.

It is not recommended to expose FusionAuth Search to any public network. If this is a requirement, then a firewall should be used to limit traffic to the service based upon the source and destination IP address. 

To protect FusionAuth Search with HTTP basic authentication as well as a firewall, provide the username and password in the URL, like so: `search.servers=http://user:password@myelasticsearchcluster.com`. Support for basic authentication was introduced in version 1.16.

The `9020` port is utilized by Elasticsearch for internal communication including clustering. The `9021` port is the HTTP port utilized by
FusionAuth App to make requests to the search index.

### FusionAuth App

To access the FusionAuth UI you'll need to open port `9011`. If you have more than one instance of FusionAuth installed you will need
to ensure that each instance of FusionAuth Backend can communicate on port `9011`.

## Database Access

FusionAuth uses a database to store almost all system data and configuration. This database contains extremely sensitive user information such as PII and password hashes. 

Ensure that access to this database is limited to a single database user, and that the credentials of that user are controlled properly.

In addition, access to backups of this database should be limited and backups permanently deleted when no longer of use.

## Configuration Information

The FusionAuth App is [configured](/docs/reference/configuration) using system properties, environment variables or a configuration file. This configuration includes sensitive information such as database credentials. Ensure you properly secure this configuration. For example:

* If using a file, ensure the file is only readable by the user FusionAuth is running as.
* If using environment variables, ensure they are stored safely and minimally accessible.
* If using system properties, avoid setting them on the command line where they could be visible to other users on the system.

## Custom Certificate Authority

FusionAuth ships with the default `cacerts` file from OpenJDK, which contains a list of root certificate authorities. There are times when you need to add a certificate authority to this file. This might occur if:

* You are using a self signed certificate.
* Your certificate authority does not ship with the version of Java that FusionAuth uses.

<Aside type="caution">
This operation affects the security of your FusionAuth installation. Ensure that you know the provenance of this certificate and trust the issuer.
</Aside>

In some cases, such as with [webhooks](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/securing), you may provide your own certificate via the FusionAuth API or UI, but you may need to install a certificate authority globally. 

You have two options, specifying a custom keystore and truststore in the Java runtime arguments or importing the certificate into the default keystore that is used by FusionAuth.

### Custom Keystore

To specify it in the Java runtime arguments with a custom keystore, use the `fusionauth-app.additional-java-args` and `fusionauth-search.additional-java-args` configuration parameters. 

Create a keystore and truststore as documented by the [Java documentation](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/tools/keytool.htm). Let's assume you have created a keystore called `my-keystore` and a truststore called `my-truststore`, and placed them both at `/usr/local/fusionauth/config/` using a configuration management tool with the passwords of `changeit`. With this setup, here is an example the property you might add to the `fusionauth.properties` file.

```properties
fusionauth-app.additional-java-args=-Djavax.net.ssl.keyStore=/usr/local/fusionauth/config/my-keystore -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword=changeit -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=/usr/local/fusionauth/config/my-truststore -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword=changeit
```

Learn more about [configuration options](/docs/reference/configuration).

If you are using the docker image, you'll have to put the keystore and truststore in a file location accessible to the docker image, as well as define the configuration options using the environment variable syntax. 

### Importing Into the FusionAuth Keystore

To import it into the standard keystore, import the certificate representing this authority in every one of your FusionAuth instances. 

To add a certificate authority, use the `keytool` to add a value to the Java keystore. First, find the Java installation that is running FusionAuth. This is typically at `FA_INSTALL_DIR/java/` where `FA_INSTALL_DIR` is where you installed FusionAuth. This is typically located at `/usr/local/fusionauth` but may vary.

If your Java installation is at `/usr/local/fusionauth/java/current/`, the `/usr/local/fusionauth/java/current/lib/security/cacerts` file should be modified. Let's also assume the new certificate authority public key file is located at `newcacert.pem`, and that you haven't changed your keystore password from the default value, which is `changeit`.

Import the certificate with this command:

```sh
/usr/local/fusionauth/java/current/bin/keytool -importcert -file newcacert.pem -keystore fusionauth/java/current/lib/security/cacerts -storepass changeit  -alias faselfsignedcert
```

Then, restart FusionAuth. 

You'll have to repeat these steps every time the FusionAuth Java version is updated. This is a major change and will be highlighted in the [release notes](/docs/release-notes/).

If you are using the docker image, you'll have to build a custom Dockerfile based on the FusionAuth Dockerfile which runs the `keytool` import command. The base FusionAuth Dockerfile is available in the [fusionauth-containers repo](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-containers).

# Key Master

import KeyMasterImportFormFields from 'src/content/docs/operate/secure/_key-master-import-form-fields.mdx';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';
import UpdateKeyNote from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_update-key-note.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';

Signing keys, certificates, and secrets are managed in FusionAuth using Key Master. After creating or importing a key use it with other FusionAuth functionality, such as signing JSON Web Tokens or SAML Requests, or using a secret value in a Lambda function. This page describes the admin UI for creating and managing signing keys.

You can also manage keys via the [Keys API](/docs/apis/keys). You may also be interested in [rotating your keys](/docs/operate/secure/key-rotation).

## Create or Manage Keys

Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Key Master</Breadcrumb>. Here you will see a list of keys and certificates.

![The default Key Master listing.](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/default-keymaster-list.png)

From this page, you can add and import keys and certificates as well as view and remove keys. There are certain default keys that you cannot remove. See the [FusionAuth limitations](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/limitations) for more.

Select the operation from the menu on the listing page.

### Finding Keys

If you have a large number of tenants, applications and signing keys, you may have difficulty keeping track of them. While there is a [key search API](/docs/apis/keys#search-for-keys), it can also be helpful to use the [client libraries](/docs/sdks) to retrieve these.

Here's sample code for retrieving all the keys that have been assigned to a tenant or application. You can learn more about [this community contributed script here](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-contrib/tree/main/scripts/listkeys).

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-contrib/main/scripts/listkeys/Program.cs" lang="csharp" />

## Importing vs Generating

You can import keys and certificates. This is useful if you are integrating with an external system. For instance, you may be migrating from another auth system and want to import keys generated by that auth system to ensure anything signed with those keys will continue to work.

You can generate keys as well. This is useful when FusionAuth is your system of record for such keys.

## Import RSA Key Pair

![Import a RSA key pair.](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/import-rsa-key-pair.png)

### Form Fields

<KeyMasterImportFormFields has_kid="true" has_algorithm="true" has_public="true" has_private="true" algorithm_name="RSA" />

## Import RSA Private Key

![Import a RSA private key.](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/import-rsa-private-key.png)

### Form Fields

<KeyMasterImportFormFields has_kid="true" has_algorithm="true" has_private="true" algorithm_name="RSA" />

## Import Elliptic Curve Key Pair

![Import an ECC key pair.](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/import-elliptic-curve-key-pair.png)

### Form Fields

<KeyMasterImportFormFields has_kid="true" has_public="true" has_private="true" />

## Import Elliptic Curve Private Key

![Import an ECC private key.](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/import-ecc-private-key.png)

### Form Fields

<KeyMasterImportFormFields has_kid="true" has_private="true" />

## Import EdDSA Key Pair

![Import an EdDSA key pair.](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/import-eddsa-key-pair.png)

### Form Fields

<KeyMasterImportFormFields has_kid="true" has_public="true" has_private="true" />

## Import EdDSA Private Key

![Import an EdDSA private key.](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/import-eddsa-private-key.png)

### Form Fields

<KeyMasterImportFormFields has_kid="true" has_private="true" />

## Import HMAC Secret

![Import an HMAC secret.](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/import-hmac-secret.png)

### Form Fields

<KeyMasterImportFormFields has_kid="true" has_algorithm="true" has_hmac_secret="true" algorithm_name="HMAC" />

## Import Public Key

![Import a public key.](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/import-public-key.png)

The type of the Key will be inferred from the PEM encoded value.

### Form Fields

<KeyMasterImportFormFields has_kid="true" has_public="true" />

## Import Certificate

![Import a certificate.](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/import-certificate.png)

The public key will be extracted from the certificate.

### Form Fields

<KeyMasterImportFormFields has_kid="true" has_certificate="true" />

## Import Secret

Secrets store non-cryptographic values such as API keys, tokens, passwords, or connection strings. Secrets can be retrieved and used in Lambda functions to prevent including secrets as strings in code.

### Form Fields

<KeyMasterImportFormFields has_secret />

<Aside type="note">For Secrets, the `kid` will always match the key name.</Aside>


## Generate RSA Key Pair

![Generate a RSA key pair.](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/generate-rsa-key-pair.png)

### Form Fields

<KeyMasterImportFormFields has_algorithm="true" has_issuer="true" has_length="true" algorithm_name="RSA" />


## Generate Elliptic Key Pair

![Generate an ECC key pair.](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/generate-ecc-key-pair.png)

### Form Fields

<KeyMasterImportFormFields has_algorithm="true" algorithm_name="ECC" has_issuer="true" />

## Generate EdDSA Key Pair

![Generate an EdDSA key pair.](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/generate-eddsa-key-pair.png)

### Form Fields

<KeyMasterImportFormFields has_algorithm="true" algorithm_name="EdDSA" has_issuer="true" />

## Generate HMAC Secret

![Generate an HMAC Secret.](/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/generate-hmac-secret.png)

### Form Fields

<KeyMasterImportFormFields has_algorithm algorithm_name="HMAC" />

## Limits On Updating Keys

<UpdateKeyNote />

# Key Rotation

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import RemoteCode from 'src/components/RemoteCode.astro';

In FusionAuth, there are multiple types of keys, including API keys and JWT signing keys. In addition, the client secret value for your application and entities can be considered a key to be rotated as well.

Rotating these keys regularly is an important part of a defense-in-depth strategy. Such rotation ensures even if a key is compromised, the length of time it will be useful to attackers is limited. In addition, when you regularly rotate keys, you will necessarily have built systems allowing you to rotate keys at will. This might be a good idea if you suspect an attack or when an employee departs.

## Types of Keys to Rotate

As mentioned above, in FusionAuth, there are multiple kinds of keys: API keys, JWT signing keys, and client secrets. These are used for different purposes.

API keys manage FusionAuth functionality and are used by scripts or applications to authenticate with FusionAuth and perform actions like adding users or updating tenant configuration. API keys are arbitrary strings. They are managed using the [API Keys API](/docs/apis/api-keys) or in the <Breadcrumb>Settings -> API Keys</Breadcrumb> area of the administrative user interface. You can also learn more about them in the [API Key authentication documentation](/docs/apis/authentication#api-key-authentication).

JWT signing keys, on the other hand, are used to sign JSON web tokens (JWTs). These keys are then used by anything consuming the JWT to verify the signature. This assures the consuming application that FusionAuth did indeed sign the token. JWT signing keys are cryptographic keys stored in FusionAuth. They are managed using the [Keys API](/docs/apis/keys) or in the <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Key Master</Breadcrumb> area of the administrative user interface. You can also learn more about JWT signing in the [JWT expert advice section](/articles/tokens/).

Client secrets are used by confidential OAuth clients to authenticate with FusionAuth during one of the OAuth grants, such as the authorization code grant or the client credentials grant. They are also used to sign OIDC `id_token`s. If used for user logins, they are managed using the [Applications API](/docs/apis/applications) or in the <Breadcrumb>Applications</Breadcrumb> area of the administrative user interface. If used for entity management and the client credentials grant, they are managed using the [Entities API](/docs/apis/entities/) or in the <Breadcrumb>Entity Management -> Entities</Breadcrumb> area of the administrative user interface. You can also learn more about client secrets in the [OAuth documentation](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/).

## Examples of Key Rotation Processes

Each type of key has a slightly different rotation process. Rotation steps for time-based rotations are outlined below.

If you suspect or know of a key compromise, the criteria of whether to rotate a key changes, but the rotation steps are the same.

### API Key Rotation

Suppose you are using API key `A` to manage a FusionAuth instance. To rotate this API key, you need to perform the following steps.

* Find information about key `A`, including when it was created and what its Id is.
* Determine how long it has been in use. If it has been in use long enough to rotate, proceed. Otherwise ignore it.
* Create a new key, `B` with identical permissions to `A`. This ensures continuity of access.
* Store off all needed metadata for key `B`, including when it was brought into service.
* Update all applications, scripts and programs which use key `A` to use key `B`.
* Remove key `A`.

### JWT Signing Key Rotation

In contrast, suppose you are rotating a JWT signing key, `JS1`. To rotate such a key, follow these steps:

* Find information about key `JS1`, including when it was created and what its Id is.
* Determine how long it has been in use. If it has been in use long enough to rotate, proceed. Otherwise ignore it.
* Create a new key, `JS2`. You typically want to ensure `JS2` uses the same algorithm and length as `JS1`.
* Store off all needed metadata for key `JS2`, including when it was brought into service.
* Update the FusionAuth configuration to ensure that `JS2` is used for all applications and tenants for which `JS1` was used.
* Wait until all keys signed by `JS1` have expired. The exact length of time depends on your configured JWT lifetime. For instance, if your JWTs last for five minutes, wait for ten minutes to allow for clock skew.
* Delete key `JS1`.

In this case, FusionAuth is assumed to be the only process that is using `JS1` or `JS2`. If there are external dependencies (for example, if the `JS1` and `JS2` keys are RSA asymmetric keys and the private keys are externally managed or need to be synced with other software), then the process gets a little more complicated.

You need to import the key, instead of create it, and update other systems which use `JS1` to use `JS2`.

To handle the scenario where `JS2` needs to be imported to FusionAuth:

* Determine it is time to rotate `JS1`.
* Import a new key, `JS2`.
* Update the FusionAuth configuration to ensure that `JS2` is used for all applications and tenants for which `JS1` was used.
* Update any other pieces of software which use `JS1` to use `JS2`.
* Wait until all keys signed by `JS1` have expired. The exact length of time depends on your configured JWT lifetime. For instance, if your JWTs last for five minutes, wait for ten minutes to allow for clock skew.
* Delete key `JS1`.
* Note when `JS2` entered into service.

### Client Secret Rotation

Suppose you are using client secret `A` for an application. The application uses the authorization code grant. To rotate this client secret, you need to perform the following steps.

* Find information about `A`, including when the FusionAuth Application was configured to use it and what that corresponding Application Id is.
* Determine how long it has been in use. If it has been in use long enough to rotate, proceed. Otherwise ignore it.
* Create a new random string, `B`. In general, this string should be high entropy and long enough to be a good candidate for an HMAC secret. This is because a client secret may be part of the process to sign an `id_token`. See the [OIDC specification for more](https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html#SymmetricKeyEntropy).
* Store off all needed metadata for key `B`, including when the application was updated to use it.
* Update all web applications, mobile applications, scripts and programs which use client secret `A` to use `B`.
* Update the correct FusionAuth Application configuration. Use `PATCH` or `PUT` to update the <InlineField>application.oauthConfiguration.clientSecret</InlineField> value.

## Challenges of Key Rotation

There are a couple of challenges when implementing key rotation in FusionAuth.

### Ensuring Clients' Keys Are Updated

First, you want to ensure that no valid client is using an old API key before you delete it. Deleting a key while it is still in use will cause other software using that key to fail and be denied access. You have a couple of options to avoid this:

* Use a central secrets repository. If all software pulls any required keys from a central secrets repository such as AWS Secrets Manager or Heroku environment variables, then you update the key in only one place. However, implementation of centralized application secrets is beyond the scope of this document.
* Automate the pushing of secrets to all clients that need the key.
* Allow for a grace period to allow clients to update their key before deleting it.

For client secrets, this problem is magnified because while you can have multiple API keys, you cannot have multiple client secrets for any given application or entity. In this case, you may be able work around this by having your client support multiple different client secrets and trying them in sequence. There's also an [open issue](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1361) to have FusionAuth support a grace period for client secrets.

This problem doesn't arise in the same manner for JWT signing keys because they have a built in grace period: the expiration of the JWTs. You can definitely cause issues by removing a JWT signing key before all the keys it has signed have expired, but because JWT signing keys are only used by FusionAuth to sign JWTs and have a built-in expiration time, it is easy to use the grace period option above.


### Determining Key Age

Another challenge is determining when a key should be rotated. 

#### 1.45 And Later

You can use the [Key Search API](/docs/apis/keys#search-for-keys) with a wildcard value and ordering by expiration date, so you can write a script to find all keys that expire within the next month or other time period.

Here's an example script, which uses `jq` and `bash`. It's available in the [FusionAuth example scripts GitHub repository](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-scripts).

<RemoteCode url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-scripts/main/key-expiration-check/find-expiring-keys.sh"
            lang="shell"
            title="Script to query for keys expiring in 30 days" />

At regular intervals, perhaps run by `cron` or another scheduling program, run this script, then rotate the returned keys.

#### Before 1.45

<Aside type="note">
Prior to 1.45, you don't have the ability to search for a key by creation or expiration instant. 
</Aside>

You must store the creation and age data separately. To be able to rotate keys, store the following attributes:

* `id`. This is the identifier of the key and is used to manipulate and delete keys via the API.
* `inserted`. The instant when the key was created.
* `expires`. The instant when the key expires. Storing this value allows different keys to be valid for different durations.
* `deleteAfter`. The instant after which this key should be removed. This value may be the same as the `expires` value. Having this value be after the `expires` instant is useful as a grace period during which the key shouldn't be used, but will still work.

You can either store this information in an external datastore or in a FusionAuth `data` field. For the latter option, store the information in JSON, on an object like the tenant, a specific user, or an entity. The latter two options are good choices when you are using the Elasticsearch search engine because you can then leverage the respective Search APIs, as the `data` field is indexed. This allows you to keep everything contained within FusionAuth.

Here's an example of what that data might look like.

```json title="Storing key rotation data"
{
  "apikeys" : [ 
    { 
      "id" : "41e6deca-0e39-46e7-804b-68b0bc94a761",
      "inserted" : 1628022201033,
      "expires" : 1628022205033,
      "deleteAfter" : 1628022208033
    },
    { 
      "id" : "5b56deca-0e39-46e7-804b-68b0bc94a981",
      "inserted" : 1628022202033,
      "expires" : 1628022207033,
      "deleteAfter" : 1628022209033
    }
  ]
}
```

At regular intervals, perhaps run by `cron` or another scheduling program, a rotation script or program:

* Notes the current time.
* Retrieves the entire data structure.
* Walks it. For each entry:
  * Sees if the key has a  `deleteAfter` value before the current time. If so, delete the key.
  * Checks if the key has an `expires` value before the current time. These are expired keys.
  * If a key is expired, create a new key to replace it.
  * Push the new key to the secrets manager or otherwise notify clients that rotation has occurred.
  * Marks the expired key for deletion by setting the `deleteAfter` attribute to the correct value.

As mentioned above, rather than use a FusionAuth `data` field, you could also use a table in a relational database or other datastore to store key metadata.

### Updating JWT Signing Key Usage

Another challenge particular to signing keys is finding all the locations where the expired key is used.

The easiest way to do this is to retrieve all appropriate objects and look for the key Id. Here are the configuration locations to examine:

* JWT configuration
  * `tenant.jwtConfiguration.accessTokenKeyId`
  * `tenant.jwtConfiguration.idTokenKeyId`
  * `application.jwtConfiguration.accessTokenKeyId`
  * `application.jwtConfiguration.idTokenKeyId`
* Entity Type JWT configuration
  * `entityType.jwtConfiguration.accessTokenKeyId`
* Application SAML v2
  * `application.samlv2Configuration.keyId`
  * `application.samlv2Configuration.logout.singleLogout.keyId`
  * `application.samlv2Configuration.logout.keyId`
  * `application.samlv2Configuration.assertionEncryptionConfiguration.keyTransportEncryptionKeyId`
* SAML v2 IdP
  * `identityProvider.keyId`
  * `identityProvider.requestSigningKeyId`
* Webhook signature
  * `webhook.signatureConfiguration.signingKeyId`


Each of the above configuration objects must be modified to use the new key, rather than the expired one.

# Networking Configuration

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';

<Aside type="version">
Available Since Version `1.49.0`
</Aside>

FusionAuth determines a client's IP address so that the address can be recorded during a login event, sent to a webhook in the event request body, and used when IP ACLs are in use by an Application or an API key.

When traffic passes through a proxy, the proxy typically appends the IP address to the `X-Forwarded-For` header, and the proxy's IP address becomes the new requesting IP. Because a proxy is free to modify this header as it sees fit, a bad actor could write a value to the `X-Forwarded-For` header that allowed a request to bypass ACL rules, or to cause an incorrect IP address to be logged or used in calls to webhooks.

The FusionAuth IP resolution configuration allows you to tell FusionAuth which proxies it should trust. When an `X-Forwarded-For` header is present on a request, FusionAuth will take the first untrusted proxy from the list and use that as the client IP address. If all proxies are trusted, then the left most address on the `X-Forwarded-For` header will be used as the client IP address.

<Aside type="caution">
Use caution when applying IP address resolution settings if your FusionAuth Admin application is using an Access control list. Saving an incorrect set of trusted proxies can make your Admin application inaccessible.
</Aside>

### Configuration

To modify the IP resolution trust policy, navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> System -> Networking</Breadcrumb>.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/secure-and-monitor/networking-settings.png" alt="Networking Configuration" width="1200" role="shadowed" />

### Form Fields

<APIBlock>
  <APIField name="Trust policy">
    This policy indicates how FusionAuth will resolve the client IP address when parsing the `X-Forwarded-For` header.

    Selecting `All` will cause FusionAuth to trust all proxies, and to ignore any IP addresses named in the <InlineField>Trusted proxies</InlineField> field. This setting is not recommended, but may be necessary in development, or during configuration when the list of trusted upstream proxies is not yet known.

    Selecting `Only Configured` will tell FusionAuth to only trust those proxies listed in the `Trusted proxies` list. This is the recommended settings.
  </APIField>
  <APIField name="Trusted proxies">
    This is newline-separated list of trusted proxy IP addresses. This value will be accepted but ignored when the Trust Policy is set to `All`.

    Values may be specified as IPv4, or IPv6 format, and ranges of addresses are also accepted in CIDR notation.
  </APIField>
</APIBlock>

# Token Storage

import TokenStorageOptionsTable from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_token-storage-options.mdx';
import RecommendedTokenStorageOptions from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_recommended-token-storage-options.mdx';

After a grant, FusionAuth delivers access tokens to the client. The client may also receive refresh and Id tokens, depending on the scopes requested.

These tokens are signed and signify that an authentication has occurred. You must store these tokens appropriately.

## Access Token And Refresh Storage Options

Access tokens are meant to be presented by the client to secure resources to gain access to data or functionality. This includes APIs or other services. 

Refresh tokens are designed to be presented by the client to FusionAuth in order to get a new access token.

Refresh tokens have a longer lifetime because they are useful only to FusionAuth. Access tokens are shorter lived because, as mentioned, they allow access to data or functionality.

Both access tokens and refresh tokens should be stored in a secure fashion. FusionAuth recommends that these tokens be stored in location inaccessible to the client.

### Recommended Storage Options

There is always nuance when recommending solutions based on your application or applications and how tokens are used. Make sure you understand your threat model and how your tokens are used before selecting your token storage.

FusionAuth's recommended storage mechanisms include:

<RecommendedTokenStorageOptions />

### Storage Options

Here is a complete list of storage options for access and refresh tokens.

<TokenStorageOptionsTable />

## Id Token Storage Options

Id tokens contain data meant to be used by the client. For example, a JavaScript component can examine an Id token to display the name of a user.

Secure them in the same way you would any other user data that is readable by a browser or mobile app.

# Vulnerabilities

This page is provided to help a FusionAuth administrator understand what CVEs or other documented vulnerabilities affect FusionAuth.

The FusionAuth development team continually monitors for known vulnerabilities in FusionAuth and its dependent packages.

## CVEs

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures or CVE as it is referred to is a public database that allows software vendors and software consumers to find and report on software vulnerabilities.

https://www.cve.org/

The purpose of this listing is to provide you with a list of CVEs that are known to exist in one or more versions of FusionAuth. It will also cover affected versions, migration steps, or an explanation of why a CVE may show up in a scan, but not affect FusionAuth.

### CVE-2022-34169

> The Apache Xalan Java XSLT library is vulnerable to an integer truncation issue when processing malicious XSLT stylesheets. This can be used to corrupt Java class files generated by the internal XSLTC compiler and execute arbitrary Java bytecode.

https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-34169

**Why am I seeing this CVE show up in a security scan?**

The version Java that is packaged with FusionAuth contains the Apache Xalan XSLT library.

**Is FusionAuth affected?**

No. FusionAuth is not using the XSLT compiler to compile the style sheets. This CVE does not affect FusionAuth.

**Fixed in version:**

N/A

# Troubleshooting

import AccountManagementTroubleshooting from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/_account-management-troubleshooting.mdx';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import EmailTroubleshooting from 'src/content/docs/customize/email-and-messages/_email-troubleshooting.mdx';
import ExposingLocalInstance from 'src/content/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/_exposing-local-instance.mdx';
import IdpManagedDomainsTroubleshooting from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/_idp-managed-domains-troubleshooting.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import KafkaTroubleshooting from 'src/content/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/kafka/_kafka_troubleshooting.mdx';
import KickstartTroubleshooting from 'src/content/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/_kickstart-troubleshooting.mdx';
import MfaTroubleshooting from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/_mfa-troubleshooting.mdx';
import ProxyTroubleshooting from 'src/content/docs/operate/deploy/_proxy-troubleshooting.mdx';
import ThemeTroubleshooting from 'src/content/docs/customize/look-and-feel/_theme-troubleshooting.mdx';
import Troubleshooting from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/account-management/troubleshooting.mdx';
import TroubleshootingApiCalls from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_troubleshooting-api-calls.mdx';
import TroubleshootingElasticsearchQueries from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search/_troubleshooting-elasticsearch-queries.mdx';
import TroubleshootingGating from 'src/content/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/verification/_troubleshooting-gating.mdx';
import TroubleshootingPlugin from 'src/content/docs/extend/code/password-hashes/_troubleshooting-plugin.mdx';
import TroubleshootingRuntimeModesAtStartup from 'src/content/docs/get-started/download-and-install/_troubleshooting-runtime-modes-at-startup.mdx';
import TroubleshootingUninstallUpgradeReinstallRpm from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_troubleshooting-uninstall-upgrade-reinstall-rpm.mdx';
import { YouTube } from '@astro-community/astro-embed-youtube';
import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';

If any problems arise or if you are unable to access FusionAuth, consult the FusionAuth log files. In most cases, API errors will be written out to the `fusionauth-app.log` file, but for some installations such as Docker, the errors will be sent to `stdout`.

If you need further assistance, please ask a question in the <a href="/community/forum/" target="_blank">FusionAuth forum</a> or open an issue on <a href="https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/new/choose" target="_blank">GitHub</a> if you have found a bug (please provide replication steps).

If you have a paid plan that includes technical support, you may open a support request from your <a href="https://account.fusionauth.io/account/support/" target="_blank">FusionAuth Account</a> page. Learn more about [purchasing support](/pricing).

## Logs

### System Log UI

The system logs may be reviewed in the FusionAuth admin UI by navigating to <Breadcrumb>System -> Logs</Breadcrumb>. This feature was added in version 1.16.0. This UI will only render logs for systems that write their logs out to disk. Deployments that write logs to `stdout`, such is the case with Docker, will not be able to review logs through this interface.

The system log UI organizes and renders the most recent 64KB of all logs for all nodes in the deployment. If you need the entire log, use the download action in the upper-right hand corner of the UI to download a zip of all logs.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/troubleshooting/system-logs-single-node.png" alt="System Logs - Single Node" width="1200" />

<img src="/img/docs/operate/troubleshooting/system-logs-multiple-nodes.png" alt="System Logs - Multiple Nodes" width="1200" />

#### System Logs in FusionAuth Cloud

When accessing the system log UI on a FusionAuth Cloud deployment, be aware of the following limitations:

- `fusionauth-search.log` files logs may not be available
- `fusionauth-app.log` files may be limited to the last start of each node

If you are a FusionAuth Cloud customer and require access to logs that are unavailable in the UI, you may open a support request from your <a href="https://account.fusionauth.io/account/support/" target="_blank">FusionAuth Account</a> page.


### Filesystem Logs

Alternatively, the logs may be accessed directly. The following are the default locations for each of the FusionAuth log files. You may or may not have all of the FusionAuth services installed for your system, so you may not have all of the following logs on your server.

```shell title="Linux and macOS"
/usr/local/fusionauth/logs/fusionauth-app.log
/usr/local/fusionauth/logs/fusionauth-search.log
```

These paths assume the suggested product location of `\fusionauth`. This path may be different on your system depending on where you unpacked the zip files.

```plaintext title="Windows"
\fusionauth\logs\fusionauth-app.log
\fusionauth\logs\fusionauth-search.log
```

Note that if you started Windows via Fast Path, the `fusionauth-app.log` file will not be created. Instead, the services are running interactively and all logging is written to stdout.

### Event Log

<Aside type="version">
Available since 1.6.0
</Aside>

The event log is a FusionAuth message store designed to capture different types of events that may be necessary to communicate to a FusionAuth developer or admin user.

The event log may contain helpful details to indicate the cause of the failure, or a failure condition you need to be aware of in FusionAuth. See <Breadcrumb>System -> Event Log</Breadcrumb> to view this log.

While not limited to, generally speaking, the event log will contain events or errors related to external systems or asynchronous issues that are difficult to communicate to the API caller or the FusionAuth admin at runtime. While not intended to be an exhaustive list, examples of these types of errors are:

- SMTP connection issues
- Lambda invocation errors
- External identity provider failures or configuration issues
- Failure to deliver a webhook event

## Enabling Debugging

### Functionality specific

Many features have additional debugging that can be enabled via the administrative user interface or the API. These features include, but are not limited to:

* Application OAuth configuration
* Identity Providers
* Application SAML IdP configuration
* Connectors

If you are having issues with certain functionality, look for a <InlineField>Debug enabled</InlineField> checkbox in the user interface. If present, set it to true.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/troubleshooting/generic-connector-debug-enabled.png" alt="Enabling debugging for a generic connector." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

The additional debugging information will be written to the [Event Log](#event-log). You can find in the administrative user interface by navigating to <Breadcrumb>System -> Event Log</Breadcrumb>.

### Enabling JMX

[JMX](https://openjdk.java.net/groups/jmx/) is an API that allows deeper insight and monitoring of Java applications, including FusionAuth. To use JMX, you’ll need to include a few modules:

* `jdk.management.agent`
* `jdk.httpserver` if you are using the JMX HTTP adapter

These should be part of a recent, standard Java install. However, if you are using the Docker image, which is built with jlink, you'll need to build a new image with these modules. There's a [GitHub issue about adding these modules to the FusionAuth image](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/issues/70).

When the above modules are available to your Java runtime, configure JMX by passing additional arguments to FusionAuth using any of the supported [configuration options](/docs/reference/configuration) such as adding a `fusionauth-app.additional-java-args` entry to the `fusionauth.properties` file.

## Troubleshooting Email

<EmailTroubleshooting />

## Troubleshooting Identity Provider Configuration

<IdpManagedDomainsTroubleshooting />

## Troubleshooting Email and Registration Verification

<TroubleshootingGating />


### SAML and Apple Identity Providers

SAML and Apple Identity Providers will not work without the proper CORS configuration. If CORS is misconfigured, you will see a `403` status code during the login process in the browser network console.

When setting up a SAML Identity Provider in FusionAuth, [ensure you have configured CORS correctly](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/overview-samlv2#cors-configuration).

When setting up an Apple Identity Provider in FusionAuth, [ensure you have configured CORS correctly](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/apple#cors-configuration).

To further debug CORS issues:

* Enable debugging by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> System -> CORS</Breadcrumb>, selecting <InlineField>Debug enabled</InlineField>, and saving the settings.
* Attempt to log in again using the provider.
* Review the Event Log for relevant messages. See <Breadcrumb>System -> Event Log</Breadcrumb> to view this log.

After debugging is complete, ensure you disable CORS debugging to avoid spamming the Event Log with unnecessary information. Disable debugging by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> System -> CORS</Breadcrumb>, deselecting <InlineField>Debug enabled</InlineField>, and saving the settings.

## Troubleshooting Themes

<ThemeTroubleshooting />

## Troubleshooting Two Factor Authentication

If you are receiving an invalid code for your two factor authentication and you are using a [time based one time password (TOTP) application such as Google Authenticator or Authy](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/deprecated/authenticator-app-pre-1-26), confirm that the system time is correct on the server.

The TOTP two factor auth system is time dependent and if there is any slippage between the system time of the client and the system time of the server, the generated code will not be correct. This is also known as "clock skew".

The fix is to ensure that the FusionAuth server has the correct system time. How exactly do that depends on the type of system; please consult your operating system documentation.

## Troubleshooting Database Connections

If you find that FusionAuth is unable to connect to the database, ensure you can use a command line client connection to successfully make a connection using the same port and credentials.

Some MySQL services such as Microsoft Azure may require a specific version of TLS to connect successfully. At the time of writing this note, the MySQL connector will not attempt to utilize TLSv1.2 by default, so when connecting to a service that requires this version you will need to explicitly request this version of TLS on the connection string. For example, appending this `enabledTLSProtocols=TLSv1.2` to the connection string will allow you to successfully connect to an Azure managed MySQL database. See [MySQL Connector : Connecting Securely Using SSL](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/connector-j/8.0/en/connector-j-reference-using-ssl.html) for additional information.

## Troubleshooting Performance

If you are not seeing the logins per second you'd expect from FusionAuth, you can take some steps to troubleshoot the issue. Generally speaking the primary bottleneck for logins per second is CPU. Hashing the password is intentionally slow. FusionAuth will not be able to perform more logins per second than your CPU can handle. The database is the other likely bottleneck.

One way to identify if the password hashing is the bottleneck in load tests is to reduce the hash strength. See <Breadcrumb>Tenants -> Edit -> Password -> Cryptographic hash settings</Breadcrumb>. Set this to Salted MD5 with a factor of 1 and then enable Re-hash on login. This will cause each user to have their password re-hashed the next time they log in to use MD5. Salted MD5 is *not* a good password hashing strategy for several reasons, but is useful to test whether your system is CPU bound. Make sure you switch back after testing is done.

If you can still get a lower number of logins per second than you'd expect with this configuration, then the database is likely the bottleneck and you should update your system to use a database with more resources and load test that system.

If the MD5 configuration allows you to achieve much higher logins per second, then the CPU is your bottleneck. If you are CPU bound, the only way to get more logins per second is to horizontally scale (add more nodes) or vertically scale (use larger CPUs with each node).

## Troubleshooting Kickstart

<KickstartTroubleshooting />

## Troubleshooting Self Service Account Management

<AccountManagementTroubleshooting />

## Troubleshooting Install with RPMs

<TroubleshootingUninstallUpgradeReinstallRpm />

## Troubleshooting User Import

If you are importing password hashes, ensure you provide only the hash in the `password` import field. For some formats, you'll need to separate out the hash and the salt when using the [Import API](/docs/apis/users#import-users). If you do not, the import will succeed, but the user will not be able to log in, as the hash will not be correct.

For example, a bcrypt value of `$2a$10$N9qo8uLOickgx2ZMRZoMyeIjZAgcfl7p92ldGxad68LJZdL17lhWy` would be split out to the following import fields:

* `factor`: `10`
* `salt`:  `N9qo8uLOickgx2ZMRZoMye`
* `password`: `IjZAgcfl7p92ldGxad68LJZdL17lhWy`

Learn more about the [bcrypt hash format](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bcrypt#Description).

## Troubleshooting Application Startup

<TroubleshootingRuntimeModesAtStartup />

## Troubleshooting API Calls

<TroubleshootingApiCalls />

## Troubleshooting FusionAuth Cloud API Calls

If you are on FusionAuth Cloud and you find that some requests are failing, you may be being rate limited.

This isn't intentional, but an automated part of our infrastructure to ensure FusionAuth Cloud performance and security.

If you are rate limited but need these requests to occur, please open a [support ticket](https://account.fusionauth.io/account/support/) with details.

## Troubleshooting Custom Password Hashing Plugins

<TroubleshootingPlugin />

## Troubleshooting Proxies

<ProxyTroubleshooting />

## Troubleshooting Kafka Integrations

<KafkaTroubleshooting />

## Troubleshooting User Search With Elasticsearch

<TroubleshootingElasticsearchQueries />

## Exposing A Local Instance To The Internet

<ExposingLocalInstance />

## Troubleshooting Multi-Factor Authentication

<MfaTroubleshooting />

## Common Errors

### Access Denied

If you see an Access Denied error in your browser while using the FusionAuth UI, this could be caused by a misconfigured CDN or proxy. This error often produces a 4xx error code such as a 403. To fix this issue, ensure that your CDN, proxy, or gateway does not prevent traffic from flowing directly to FusionAuth. FusionAuth can handle all HTTP traffic and any network handling between the browser and FusionAuth should be as simple as possible.

### FusionAuth Stops Unexpectedly

If you are running FusionAuth on a server with limited memory, it may stop unexpectedly. This can also happen when many other applications are competing for memory on the server. Make sure you verify you are running with the minimum requirements specified in the [system requirements](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/reference/system-requirements).

When FusionAuth is killed because of an out-of-memory issue (OOM), it dies with no explanation in the FusionAuth logs. You might see lines like this in server system logs (typically under `/var/log/`):

```
Dec 30 12:00:38 vps kernel: Out of memory: Kill process 30047 (java) score 98 or sacrifice child
```

The OOM killer will begin killing services once the kernel runs out of memory. The solution will be to allocate less memory to FusionAuth or to increase the amount of RAM available.

You can do the former with the `fusionauth-app.memory` setting. See the [configuration reference](/docs/reference/configuration) for more details.

You may do the latter by running a larger server or running fewer competing applications. In particular, applications used by FusionAuth such as Elasticsearch or the database may be moved off to external servers.

#### FusionAuth Docker Containers Stop Unexpectedly

The same memory issues can happen with Docker. If you are running FusionAuth in a container you may see a log line like this, where `fusionauth_1` is the name of the container:

```
fusionauth_1 exited with code 137
```

The remedy is to increase the amount of memory available to the FusionAuth docker container using the `FUSIONAUTH_APP_MEMORY` environment variable. Or, if the Elasticsearch container is failing, the `FUSIONAUTH_SEARCH_MEMORY` variable.

You also may need to increase the amount of memory for the docker environment where the containers run. How to do this varies based on how you are running Docker; please consult that software's documentation.

### MapperParsingException

If you are using the Elasticsearch search engine, attributes in the `user.data`, `registration.data`, and `entity.data` fields are indexed. The data fields can contain arbitrary JSON objects.

If your user search is failing mysteriously and you see an error like this one in your system logs:

```
org.elasticsearch.index.mapper.MapperParsingException: failed to parse field [data.field] of type [text] in document with id 'b8f1ad7d-def0-48d1-a983-aeabf0122b90'. Preview of field's value: '{bar=123}'
```

or
```
org.elasticsearch.index.mapper.MapperParsingException: Could not dynamically add mapping for field [field.email]. Existing mapping for [data.field] must be of type object but found [text].
```

This means that the type of a field in one of the data fields was changed.
In this case, `data.field` was originally text, but the request causing this error message was trying to put an object into that attribute.
This can interfere with user imports, searches and more.

The schema is reset every time you issue a reindex command so manual fixes will not be persisted.

You have two options.
You can fix your data so that each custom field has a consistent data type.
Or you can instruct Elasticsearch to ignore fields that don't match the data type it expects.

#### Fixing Your Data

To fix your data, follow these steps:

* Understand how the field types changed.
* Find the user's Id.
* Modify the problematic `data` fields via the User API to remove the mismatched fields.

Unfortunately, you often can't search for the user by email, username, or other characteristics using the User Search API. If you have the user's Id, which may be available in the error messages, you can use that. Searching by UUID doesn't use Elasticsearch. You can also try to search for all emails, using a `queryString` of `email:*` if you don't have too many users. Another option is to change to the database search engine to find the user. You can switch back to Elasticsearch after you have corrected the `data` field.

If you have a support contract, please [open a ticket](https://account.fusionauth.io/account/support/) and we'll help you out. If not, please back up your FusionAuth database and test the fix thoroughly in a staging environment before applying it to your production instance.

Suppose you had a data field called `customPermissions` which was a `string` on some users and an `object` on others. Below is a script which converts the type of `customPermissions` from `string` to an `object` for all users.

```javascript title="Script to convert mismatched data fields"
import FusionAuthClient from "@fusionauth/typescript-client"
const client = new FusionAuthClient('YOUR_API_KEY', 'https://yourinstance.fusionauth.io')

const response = await client.searchUsersByQuery( request: {queryString: "email:*"}) // or whatever other query gets you a list of users
for (let i = 0; i < response.data.users.length; i++) {
  const user = response.data.users[i];
  if (typeof user.data.customPermissions === "string") {
     const body = {
               user: { data: { customPermissions: JSON.parse(user.data.customPermissions) } }
     }
     await client.patchUser(user.id, { request: body })
  }
}
```

The complexity of the fix depends on how you find affected users and how far apart the data fields in their type. For instance, the above would be more complicated if `customPermissions` were sometimes a `string`, sometimes an `object`, sometimes an `integer`, and sometimes were missing.

If you can't fix your data, you can instruct Elasticsearch to ignore mismatches.

#### Ignore Fields With a Mismatched Data Type

<Aside type="caution">
This option is only available to self-hosted FusionAuth instances.

It is not available in FusionAuth Cloud.
</Aside>

You can configure Elasticsearch to ignore fields that don't match their expected data type. This is done with the [`ignore_malformed` parameter](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.10/ignore-malformed.html).
You can apply this to the FusionAuth Elasticsearch indices.
Whenever [you reindex](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search#reindexing-elasticsearch), this setting will be lost, so ensure you can reapply it, via a post reindex build step.
There's an [open issue](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1639) to expose this configuration from within FusionAuth.

When fields are mismatched, you won't be able to search on the ones that have been ignored.
In the example above, when `data.field` is an object, you won't be able to search on that, because Elasticsearch ignores it.
However, the data will be safely stored in FusionAuth.
Elasticsearch is only used for searching, not for data storage.

The below video outlines this approach in more detail.

<YouTube id="MUHcB1kdaP8" />

# Technical Support

import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReleaseNotification from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_release-notification.astro';

FusionAuth is a developer focused product. Developers sometimes need support in integrating it.
This page provides information about our technical support practices and contacting our team if you need such support.

## Support Request Guidelines

Whether you have a paid plan of FusionAuth that includes engineering support, or are one of the thousands of developers in the FusionAuth community, you’ll get answers more quickly if you provide the following information about your issue:

* What you are trying to do, specific step by step of clicks you make, APIs you’ve called, configuration you have, things you’ve changed, etc. More information is better. For example, what you are seeing, specific panels in the UI, API status codes, errors, screenshots, etc. We want all of it.
* What you expected to see. Sometimes this is obvious, and sometimes it isn’t. Err on the side of over sharing.
* What you've tried already. Sometimes this can help us narrow down the issue more quickly.
* The version of FusionAuth you are using (this information is available on the admin screen in the lower left hand corner).
* The number of FusionAuth nodes you are running in your deployment.
* Information about supporting infrastructure such as the database and Elasticsearch, including the version and architecture (is the database local, cloud managed, etc).
* [All FusionAuth log files](/docs/operate/troubleshooting/) you can provide. Please don't provide snippets because often the issue won't be in the snippet but somewhere else in the logs. Providing us with complete log files upfront helps us track down issues faster. And you'll avoid getting replies like "please send the complete log files". Of course, please remove any sensitive information from the log files.

If you don’t provide this information initially, expect the FusionAuth team to ask for it.

[Exhibit A of the FusionAuth license agreement](/license/#exhibit-a) defines support levels in more detail, including priority levels, service definitions, and exclusions.

## Customers Paying For Support

If you have a paid plan which includes technical support, please [open a ticket via your account portal](https://account.fusionauth.io/account/support/). This ensures that we will see it; slack messages or emails can unfortunately get lost.

When you are logged in to your account, you will see the support button in the lower right hand corner.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/troubleshooting/support-button.png" alt="The support ticket button." width="1200" role="top-cropped" />

When you click the button, you will be directed to the support tab.

<img src="/img/docs/get-started/support-tab.png" alt="The support tab" width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

Click the <InlineField>Open a support ticket</InlineField> button to create a new ticket or use the <InlineField>View support tickets</InlineField> button to see existing support tickets.
Fill out the form fields as appropriate to submit a new support ticket.
We do not typically make music recommendations, however.

<img src="/img/docs/operate/troubleshooting/support-ticket-form.png" alt="Adding a support ticket." width="1200" role="bottom-cropped" />

**Paid support plans provide access to the engineering team.**
If you do not have a paid support plan, you generally will not see the support button.

When you open a ticket, you will get a response within [the documented time window for your plan](/pricing/), and typically sooner.

### FusionAuth Cloud Support

If you have a hosted FusionAuth instance running in FusionAuth Cloud, we provide support **related to the operation of your instance**.
This includes upgrades, SLA (if applicable), backups/restores (if applicable) and downtime.

If you would like to shut down one or more of your FusionAuth Cloud instances, please sign into your account portal and destroy your deployments.
If desired, request a data export beforehand by filing a support ticket.

FusionAuth Cloud support **does not include support** for implementation questions. Such support requires purchase of a plan including technical support.

## Community Members

If you run the Community or Starter plan and need technical support, please [search the forum](/community/forum/search), [post your question to the forum](/community/forum/), or [review our extensive documentation](/docs/).

With community support, we can't offer a guaranteed response time. The timeline for an answer in the forum depends on what other community members can provide as well as the demands on the FusionAuth community support team. 

In most cases our community support team is able to review community requests and respond within a week or two.

### Community Support Limitations

There are certain classes of problems with which the FusionAuth community support team will not help.
You are welcome to post these questions in the forums to get feedback and to educate other community members, however. 

The FusionAuth team is engineers and it pains us to not answer every question.
However, when it comes to architecture decisions or system performance it is just not possible for us to adequately answer these questions through the community channels.
Architecture questions require a lot of context and knowledge of your application and infrastructure. The number of variables to be accounted for when offering performance advice is not trivial.

For these reasons, a paid support plan is required to assist with these types of issues:

* Production issues
* Architectural, design and integration guidance
* Performance tuning or load testing

Some examples of questions the community support team won't be able to answer:

* I want to build my application using features X and Y; how should I best leverage FusionAuth?
* I have 1M users and my FusionAuth instance is slow; can you help?
* I want to connect FusionAuth to \[other service]. How do I do that?

If you have such needs, please consider [purchasing a plan with support](/pricing).

## Proof Of Concept Support

At FusionAuth, we understand how developers make decisions about crucial application components like an auth server: by trying it out!

It's really important to perform a proof of concept integration when you are considering a solution which will be a critical part of your application.

There are two paths to getting support for proof of concept projects.

The first is self-directed. In this case, you don't interact with the sales team at all. Use our [documentation](/docs/) to get started, our community support options such as the [forums](/community/forum/) for questions, and review our [GitHub issues](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-issues/issues) for known limitations or bugs.

The second option is to [engage with our technical sales team](/contact). This puts you in contact with a sales representative and a sales engineer to help answer your specific questions and who can escalate issues internally. They will set you up with the resources and answers you need to determine if FusionAuth is a fit for you. They'll also follow up with you to make sure you are making the progress you need to make the right decision for you.

## GitHub Issues

[GitHub issues](https://github.com/fusionauth/fusionauth-issues/issues) should be used to submit:

* feature requests (the more details about the use case, the better!) 
* or bug requests (please provide replication steps and other details in the bug report issue template)

Any support requests opened in GitHub issues will be closed and redirected to the forum or support tickets, as appropriate.
Unfortunately we may not be able to do such redirection in a timely manner.

## Release Notifications

<ReleaseNotification />

## Roadmap

If you have questions about future features and directions of FusionAuth, please see our [roadmap guidance](/docs/operate/roadmap).

# Authentication Types

import AuthenticationTypes from 'src/content/docs/_shared/authentication-type-values.astro';

FusionAuth supports authentication in many different ways. These are the methods that are available.

<AuthenticationTypes showSince="1.0.0" />

These authentication type values are available in [webhook payloads](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/login/user-login-success), [OAuth tokens](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/tokens) and for use with a [login validation lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/login-validation).

# Configuration Reference

import APIBlock from 'src/components/api/APIBlock.astro';
import APIField from 'src/components/api/APIField.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import PropertyAdditionalJvmArgs from 'src/content/docs/reference/_property-additional-jvm-args.mdx';
import PropertyMemory from 'src/content/docs/reference/_property-memory.mdx';
import ConfigurationLimits from 'src/content/docs/get-started/core-concepts/_configuration-limits.mdx';
import ConfigurationOptions from 'src/components/docs/reference/ConfigurationOptions.astro';

You can manage most FusionAuth settings in the UI or by using the API. 

Other items such as memory, ports, and other system configuration options are managed through a lookup process. 

This process uses environment variables, Java system properties, and the key value pairs in the `fusionauth.properties` file.

## Lookup Process

<Aside type="version">
Available since version `1.19.0`
</Aside>

The lookup process was introduced in version [`1.19.0`](/docs/release-notes/archive#version-1-19-0) and allows any configuration option to be specified in one of three ways: environment variables, Java system properties, or in the `fusionauth.properties` configuration file. Here is the process for looking up configuration options (NOTE: that the name of the configuration options are listed below):

1. Check if an environment variable is defined with the configuration option name
2. Check if an environment variable is defined with the configuration option name translated by upper-casing it and replacing periods and dashes with underscores
3. Check if there is a Java system property with the configuration option name
4. Check if the configuration option is defined in the `fusionauth.properties` configuration file

To better illustrate how the lookup works, let's take one of the common configuration options for FusionAuth and walk through each step. We'll use `database.url` which defines the JDBC URL where the database is located. Here's how the lookup will work:

1. Check for an environment variable named `database.url`
2. Check for an environment variable named `DATABASE_URL`
3. Check for a Java System property defined like this: `-Ddatabase.url=foo`
4. Check if there is a line in `fusionauth.properties` like this: `database.url=foo`

This lookup order is consistent for every configuration option listed below.

## Configuration File

Assuming you installed in the default locations, the configuration file may be found in the following directory. If you have installed in an alternate location the path to this file will be different.

```plaintext title="Linux and macOS"
/usr/local/fusionauth/config/fusionauth.properties
```

```plaintext title="Windows"
\fusionauth\config\fusionauth.properties
```

## Options

<ConfigurationOptions />

## Limits

<ConfigurationLimits />

# Login Page Cookies

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import CookieList from 'src/content/docs/reference/_cookie-list.astro';

Cookies are a critical part of web applications.

When you call certain APIs, such as the Login API, cookies may be set. Such cookies are specified in the [API documentation](/docs/apis/).

When you use the [hosted login pages](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/integration-points#hosted-login-pages), the [hosted backend](/docs/apis/hosted-backend) or [interact with the APIs](/docs/apis/), FusionAuth uses cookies to enable functionality.

## Domains

The domain of all cookies is the domain on which the FusionAuth instance is running. You can control the domain FusionAuth uses by [setting up a proxy](/docs/operate/deploy/proxy-setup).

In other words, if FusionAuth serves requests at `auth.piedpiper.com`, it will only set cookies for this value: `auth.piedpiper.com`. It will never set cookies for `.piedpiper.com`. The ability to control the domain of the cookie set is an [open feature request](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1991).

Additionally, most cookies set by FusionAuth will use the [SameSite](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Set-Cookie#samesitesamesite-value) value of `Strict` or `Lax`. This is to protect against [Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)](https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/csrf). Practically, it means a browser will block those cookies on a cross-site request unless the browser is navigating to the origin site from an external site, which is something to consider if you intend to access FusionAuth from a different domain using something like an IFRAME.

## Cookie List

<Aside type="caution">
Cookies set by the hosted login pages are displayed here for informational purposes only. The name, type and description of each cookie are subject to change.
</Aside>

<CookieList />

# Data Types

import WebauthnSupportedAlgorithms from 'src/content/docs/reference/_webauthn-supported-algorithms.mdx';
import URI from 'src/components/URI.astro';

## COSE Algorithm Identifiers

The WebAuthn specification uses COSE Algorithm Identifiers to specify which signing algorithms are allowed for new WebAuthn passkeys during registration and also the signing algorithm that a given passkey is using. These identifier values are defined by the [IANA COSE Algorithms registry](https://www.iana.org/assignments/cose/cose.xhtml). FusionAuth supports a subset of these algorithms.

<WebauthnSupportedAlgorithms />

## Instants

FusionAuth stores all time references as the number of milliseconds since the [unix epoch](#unix-epoch). This is is the same as [unix time](#unix-time) except the precision is milliseconds instead of seconds.

For example, consider the following date.

> 10:45 AM MST on July 4th, 2015

In order to send this value to FusionAuth, you would need to convert this date time to the number of milliseconds since the [unix epoch](#unix-epoch) which is `1436028300000` and then send this value as an input parameter. [Convert instants to human readable dates or vice versa.](/dev-tools/date-time)

When you retrieve these same values from FusionAuth you may then easily convert the value to any date and time format you wish with as much or little precision as you wish. For example, you may display only the day, month and year to the user, or include hours and minutes, but excludes the seconds. Because everything we store is in UTC - converting this value to a local time zone is easy and there is no guess work.

## Locales

FusionAuth accepts and returns Locales on the API using the Java standard format of a ISO 639-1 two letter language code followed by an optional underscore and a ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code. Below is a table of common language and country codes and the resulting locale string that can either be sent into an API or be expected on the API response. This is not an exhaustive list but only provided as an example.

_Locale Codes_
| Language  | Country | Locale
| ---| ---| --- |
| Arabic    | &ndash; | `ar`
| Danish    | &ndash; | `da`
| German    | &ndash; | `de`
| English   | &ndash; | `en`
| Spanish   | &ndash; | `es`
| Spanish   | Mexico  | `es_MX`
| Finish    | &ndash; | `fi`
| French    | &ndash; | `fr`
| Italian   | &ndash; | `it`
| Japanese  | &ndash; | `ja`
| Korean    | &ndash; | `ko`
| Dutch     | &ndash; | `nl`
| Norwegian | &ndash; | `no`
| Polish    | &ndash; | `pl`
| Portuguese| &ndash; | `pt`
| Russian   | &ndash; | `ru`
| Swedish   | &ndash; | `sv`
| Chinese   | Taiwan  | `zh_TW`
| Chinese   | China   | `zh_CN`

## Time Zone

FusionAuth accepts time zones in an [IANA](https://www.iana.org/time-zones) time zone format.

For example, the following values are all valid time zone formats.

* `America/Chicago`
* `America/Denver`
* `America/New_York`
* `Asia/Tel_Aviv`
* `Asia/Tokyo`
* `Europe/Amsterdam`
* `Europe/Belfast`
* `Europe/Kiev`
* `Europe/Paris`
* `Pacific/Tahiti`
* `US/Central`
* `US/Pacific`
* `US/Mountain`
* `US/Eastern`
* `UTC-7`
* `UTC+2`

## UUIDs

Data types specified as UUID are expected to be in a valid string representation of a universally unique identifier (UUID). The API specifically expects the UUID to be provided in its canonical form which is represented by 32 lowercase hexadecimal digits displayed in five groups separated by hyphens.

This representation takes the form of 8-4-4-4-12 for a total of 36 characters, 32 hexadecimal characters and four hyphens. In case you are converting an array of bytes, the break down of bytes for the hexadecimal String is 4-2-2-2-6. UUIDs are version 4.

Here's an example of a UUID in the expected canonical string format in a JSON request or response body.

```json
{
  "foo": {
    "id": "965865ef-b17d-4153-b952-d8902e584f7d"
  }
}
```

Here's an example of a UUID being provided as a URL segment for an API.

```
/api/user/965865ef-b17d-4153-b952-d8902e584f7d
```

Now that you're all excited about UUIDs, do you want to generate you own? Go ahead, we won't tell anyone - check out our ad-free [Online UUID generator](/dev-tools/uuid-generator).

## Unix time
Unix time is the number of seconds since the [unix epoch](#unix-epoch).

You'll mostly find unix time used in token claims because that is what the specification requires.

### Unix epoch
An epoch is simply a fixed point in time used as reference point from which we can measure things. The unix epoch is `1 January 1970 00:00:00 UTC`.

You can pronounce epoch however you wish, we're not the boss of you, but common pronunciations include ee-pok as well as eh-pock.

# Indexed Entity Fields

import IndexedEntityFieldsList from 'src/content/docs/reference/_indexed-entity-fields-list.astro';

If you are using the Elasticsearch engine, you can [search for entities](/docs/apis/entities/entities#search-for-entities) by the following attributes.

<IndexedEntityFieldsList />

# GDPR Compliance

FusionAuth is designed with GDPR compliance in mind, incorporating essential features to protect user data and privacy. This guide outlines the key aspects of FusionAuth's GDPR compliance and how it helps your application meet regulatory requirements.

## Core Compliance Features

FusionAuth offers several built-in features that support GDPR compliance:

### Data Protection

FusionAuth employs strict server security, firewalls, and encryption to protect hosted customer data1.

### Data Isolation

As a single-tenant solution, FusionAuth ensures:

* User data is not co-mingled with other companies
* Data can be hosted in specific countries as required
* Data Retrieval and Deletion

FusionAuth provides APIs for:

* Collecting all stored user data, including custom data
* Deleting all user data, including behavioral data like IP addresses and login timestamps

With the appropriate license, FusionAuth provides a user accessible UI for collecting and modifying all stored user data, including custom data.

### User Data Pseudonymization

FusionAuth uses opaque tokens and complex user IDs to pseudonymize user data, making it difficult to match IDs to user data without database access.

### Password Security

FusionAuth includes:

* Customizable password rules to ensure compliance with NIST regulations
* Configurable password hashing algorithms, including BYO algorithm
* Ability to upgrade hashing algorithms during user login

### Breach Notification

FusionAuth maintains a strict breach notification policy, aiming to notify customers of any breach or suspected breach within 24 hours.

## Implementation Benefits

By using FusionAuth, developers can focus on their application's core functionality while ensuring GDPR compliance for user management. FusionAuth's security-first approach and continuous updates to best practices provide a robust and flexible solution for modern authentication and access management1.

## Further Resources

For more information on GDPR compliance and its impact on development, refer to the FusionAuth [Developer's Guide to the GDPR](/articles/ciam/developers-guide-to-gdpr). This resource covers essential information for maintaining compliance and avoiding potential fines under the regulation.

# Reference

import PageNavCard from '/src/components/PageNavCard.astro';

This section contains reference information about FusionAuth.

## Types and Fields

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/reference/authentication-types" title="Authentication Types"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/reference/data-types" title="Data Types"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/reference/entity-fields" title="Indexed Entity Fields"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/reference/user-fields" title="Indexed User Fields"/>
</div>

## Configuration

<div class="gap-6 grid grid-cols-1 not-prose lg:grid-cols-2">
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/reference/configuration" title="Configuration"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/reference/gdpr" title="GDPR Compliance"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/reference/cookies" title="Cookies"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/reference/network-hostnames" title="Network Hostnames"/>
	<PageNavCard href="/docs/reference/password-hashes" title="Password-Hashing Algorithms"/>
</div>

# Required Network Hostname Access

import HostsToAllowNetworkAccessFor from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_hosts-to-allow-network-access.mdx';

If you have a FusionAuth instance with a license, you must allow access to the following hostnames.

<HostsToAllowNetworkAccessFor />

Learn more about [network requirements](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/reference/system-requirements#network-access) for running FusionAuth.

# Password-Hashing Algorithms

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';

## Overview

FusionAuth provides several options for password hashing schemes.

An ideal password hashing algorithm should be slow. When hashing is fast and password entropy is low, brute force attacks become a high risk. Even with enforced password policies, low password entropy can be difficult to mitigate. Choosing a slow algorithm is actually preferred for password hashing. Of the hashing schemes provided, only `PBKDF2` and `Bcrypt` are designed to be slow which makes them the best choice for password hashing, `MD5` and `SHA-256` were designed to be fast and as such this makes them a less than ideal choice.

When selecting a load factor for the hashing scheme, the minimum values are provided for a starting guideline only. The factor should be set as high as possible such that the login times are still acceptable to your end users. Be cautious with setting the factor too high, especially with `Bcrypt`, setting the factor too high may cause login requests to take seconds or minutes to complete.

## phpass MD5

<Aside type="version">
Available Since Version 1.45.0
</Aside>

This is the [phpass](https://www.openwall.com/phpass/) (pronounced "pH pass") MD5 algorithm commonly used by PHP applications. This is weak hash that has been shown to be compromised and is vulnerable to brute force attacks. This hash is provided for migration purposes and it should be upgraded to a stronger hash as soon as possible.

The following is the string value used by the FusionAuth API to request this algorithm.

* `phpass-md5`

The following pseudocode is provided to help you identify if this algorithm is likely to match your current hashing scheme such that it can be used during import.
```java
// Given a plain text password, a base64 encoded salt and a factor
hash(password, salt, factor) {
  result = md5(join(bytes(salt), bytes(password)))

  count = 0
  while count < factor {
    count = count + 1
    temp = join(result, bytes(password))
    result = md5(temp)
  }

  // encode and return the first 16 bytes of the result
  result = result[:16]
  return String(base64Encode(result))
}
```

## phpass SHA-512

<Aside type="version">
Available Since Version 1.45.0
</Aside>

This is the [phpass](https://www.openwall.com/phpass/) (pronounced "pH pass") SHA-512 algorithm commonly used by PHP applications. SHA-512 is part of the SHA-2 set of cryptographic standards. SHA-512 is a general purpose hash and similar to MD5 it was designed to be fast which makes it a less than ideal choice for a password hashing. This hash is mainly provided for migration purposes or where login performance is very critical. If login performance has not become an issue a stronger scheme should be utilized.

The following is the string value used by the FusionAuth API to request this algorithm.

* `phppass-sha512`

The following pseudocode is provided to help you identify if this algorithm is likely to match your current hashing scheme such that it can be used during import.
```java
// Given a plain text password, a base64 encoded salt and a factor
hash(password, salt, factor) {
  result = sha512(join(bytes(salt), bytes(password)))

  count = 0
  while count < factor {
    count = count + 1
    temp = join(result, bytes(password))
    result = sha512(temp)
  }

  // Encode the result, and return the first 43 characters
  return String(base64Encode(result).sub(0, 43))
}
```

## Salted MD5
MD5 is a general purpose hashing algorithm producing a 128-bit hash. This is weak hash that has been shown to be compromised and is vulnerable to brute force attacks. This hash is provided for migration purposes and it should be upgraded to a stronger hash as soon as possible. A recommended minimum factor for this hashing algorithm is `20,000`.

The following is the string value used by the FusionAuth API to request this algorithm.

* `salted-md5`

The following pseudocode is provided to help you identify if this algorithm is likely to match your current hashing scheme such that it can be used during import.
```java
// Given a plain text password, a base64 encoded salt and a factor
hash(password, salt, factor) {
  result = join(bytes(password), base64Decode(bytes(salt))

  count = 0
  while count < factor {
    count = count + 1
    result = md5(result)
  }

  return result
}
```

## Salted SHA-256
SHA-256 is part of the SHA-2 set of cryptographic standards. SHA-256 is a general purpose hash and similar to MD5 it was designed to be fast which makes it a less than ideal choice for a password hashing. This hash is mainly provided for migration purposes or where login performance is very critical. If login performance has not become an issue a stronger scheme should be utilized. A recommended minimum factor for this hashing algorithm is `20,000`.

The following is the string value used by the FusionAuth API to request this algorithm.

* `salted-sha256`

The following pseudocode is provided to help you identify if this algorithm is likely to match your current hashing scheme such that it can be used during import.
```java
// Given a plain text password, a base64 encoded salt and a factor
hash(password, salt, factor) {
  result = join(bytes(password), base64Decode(bytes(salt))

  count = 0
  while count < factor {
    count = count + 1
    result = sha256(result)
  }

  return result
}
```

## Salted HMAC SHA-256
HMAC SHA-256 is a hash based message authentication code. This scheme is still vulnerable to brute force attacks and like MD5 and SHA-256 is mainly provided for migration purposes or where login performance is very critical. If login performance has not become an issue a stronger scheme should be utilized. This scheme does not utilize a factor.

The following is the string value used by the FusionAuth API to request this algorithm.

* `salted-hmac-sha256`

The following pseudocode is provided to help you identify if this algorithm is likely to match your current hashing scheme such that it can be used during import.
```java
// Given a plain text password, a base64 encoded salt and a factor
hash(password, salt, factor) {
  key = {
     salt: base64Decode(bytes(salt)
     algorithm: "HmacSHA256"
  }

  hmac = Mac("HmacSHA256")
  result = hmac(bytes(password))

  return String(base64Encode(result))
}
```

## Salted PBKDF2 HMAC SHA-256

PBKDF2 (Password-Based Key Derivation Function2) applies a hash-based message authentication code (HMAC) to the salted input and iterates based upon a factor to produce the hashed output. A recommended factor for this hashing algorithm is between `5,000` and `100,000` depending on the CPU performance of your system.

FusionAuth provides two implementations of this algorithm, one with a `256` bit derived key, and another with `512` bit key.

The following are the two string values used by the FusionAuth API to request this algorithm with the `256` bit and the `512` bit key algorithm respectively.

* `salted-pbkdf2-hmac-sha256`
* `salted-pbkdf2-hmac-sha256-512`

The following pseudocode is provided to help you identify if this algorithm is likely to match your current hashing scheme such that it can be used during import. The following example code shows a `256` key length, the pseudocode is the same for the `512` bit key.
```java
// Given a plain text password, a base64 encoded salt and a factor
hash(password, salt, factor) {
  key = {
     password: password
     salt: base64Decode(bytes(salt)
     factor: factor
     keyLength: 256
  }

  secret = pbkdf2Sha256(key)
  return String(base64Encode(secret))
}
```

## Salted PBKDF2 HMAC SHA-512

<Aside type="version">
Available Since Version 1.43.0
</Aside>

PBKDF2 (Password-Based Key Derivation Function2) applies a hash-based message authentication code (HMAC) to the salted input and iterates based upon a factor to produce the hashed output. A recommended factor for this hashing algorithm is between `5,000` and `100,000` depending on the CPU performance of your system.

The following is the string value used by the FusionAuth API to request this algorithm with the `512` bit key algorithm.

* `salted-pbkdf2-hmac-sha512-512`

The following pseudocode is provided to help you identify if this algorithm is likely to match your current hashing scheme such that it can be used during import.

```java
// Given a plain text password, a base64 encoded salt and a factor
hash(password, salt, factor) {
  key = {
     password: password
     salt: base64Decode(bytes(salt)
     factor: factor
     keyLength: 512
  }

  secret = pbkdf2Sha512(key)
  return String(base64Encode(secret))
}
```

## Salted Bcrypt

Bcrypt is a password hashing function based on the Blowfish cipher. A recommended factor for this hashing algorithm is between `8` and `14`. Unlike the other mentioned hashing functions the factor for Bcrypt is not simply an iteration count. Bcrypt uses the factor as a work factor, the work factor will be calculated using the provided factor as power of 2. This means that the difference between a factor of `12` and `13` is 2x. For example `2^12 = 4096` and `2^13 = 8192`.

The following is the string value used by the FusionAuth API to request this algorithm.

* `bcrypt`

The following pseudocode is provided to help you identify if this algorithm is likely to match your current hashing scheme such that it can be used during import.
```java
// Given a plain text password, a base64 encoded salt and a factor
hash(password, salt, factor) {
  // Note that bcrypt uses a less common base64 character set for encoding and decoding.
  // - The character set is: [./A-Za-z0-9]

  passwordBytes = bytes(password)
  saltBytes = base64Decode(bytes(salt))
  result = bcrypt(passwordBytes, saltBytes, factor, bcryptIV)

  resultLength = length(bcryptIV) * 4 - 1
  result = sub(result, 0, resultLength)
  return base64Encode(result)
}
```

## Additional Schemes

If you require a different hashing scheme, you can build a [password hashing plugin](/docs/extend/code/password-hashes/custom-password-hashing).

You may also want to review the [community provided plugins repository](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-contrib/tree/main/Password%20Hashing%20Plugins).
These are provided without any warranty of suitability but may prove useful.

# Indexed User Fields

import IndexedUserFieldsList from 'src/content/docs/reference/_indexed-user-fields-list.astro';

If you are using the Elasticsearch engine, you can [search for users](/docs/lifecycle/manage-users/search/user-search-with-elasticsearch) by the following attributes.

<IndexedUserFieldsList />

# Archived Release Notes

import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import DatabaseMigrationWarning from 'src/components/docs/release-notes/DatabaseMigrationWarning.mdx';
import GeneralMigrationWarning from 'src/components/docs/release-notes/GeneralMigrationWarning.astro';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import ReleaseNoteHeading from 'src/components/docs/release-notes/ReleaseNoteHeading.astro';
import ReleaseNotesSelector from 'src/components/docs/release-notes/ReleaseNotesSelector.astro';
import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';

<ReleaseNotesSelector>

Looking for release notes newer than 1.43.2? Look at the latest [release notes](/docs/release-notes/).

<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.43.2" releaseDate="July 9th, 2023" />

### Changed
* The User and User Registration APIs will now restrict `user.preferredLanguages` and `registration.preferredLanguages` to a maximum of `20` values. Additionally each value can be no longer than `24` characters. This change is not expected to impact any existing integrations. Do let us know if you have a use case that is not compatible with this change.

### Fixed
* When an event fails to be sent to a Kafka topic, do not attempt to send an `event-log.create` event that results from the failed request.
  Correct an edge case that exists where an `event-log.create` event fails to be sent to a Kafka topic, and this error causes another `event-log.create` event to be triggered.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #2362](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/2362)
* Limit the length of a valid value for `user.preferredLanguages` and `registration.preferredLanguages` to a maximum of `24` characters, and restrict the total number of values to `20` or less.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #2363](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/2363)

### Internal
* Reduce Kafka logging to make it much less noisy at runtime
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #2359](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/2359)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.43.1" releaseDate="March 6th, 2023" />

### Fixed
* Correct a potential FreeMarker render error caused by a missing CSRF token when performing an SAML v2 IdP initiated login to the FusionAuth admin UI. This error is a side effect of the caller not requesting the `scope=offline_access` parameter. With this fix, you should no longer encounter the error, and the `offline_access` scope is now optional on the request. A workaround is to request the `offline_access` scope.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #2125](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/2125)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.43.0" releaseDate="February 15th, 2023" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

### Known Issues
* Creating a new application from another application with `sourceApplicationId` returns a `500` error when the source application has SAML v2 enabled and configured.  If you have not configured SAML v2, you will not be affected by this issue.  Workaround is to call Create Application API without the `sourceApplicationId` parameter and supply all the parameters copied from the source application.
  * Resolved in `1.44.0` via [GitHub Issue #2118](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/2118).

### Fixed
* Support importing an x.509 certificate with a private key into KeyMaster in the admin UI.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1805](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1805), thanks to [@konvergence](https://github.com/konvergence) for reporting!
* When using the Forgot Password workflow on the FusionAuth login page with a user without an email address, the page would refresh instead of redirecting to the success screen indicating an email had been sent.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1809](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1809), thanks to one of our MVPs [@epbensimpson](https://github.com/epbensimpson) for letting us know.
* The Change Password API was incorrectly failing indicating a Trust Token was required even when provided if the user has MFA enabled.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1909](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1909), thanks to [@timyourivh](https://github.com/timyourivh) for the report!
* Ensure that we correctly terminate an SSO session when beginning a new passwordless login flow with a different user in the same browser.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1912](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1912)
* Fix various limitations with adding a consent to a self-service account form.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1920](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1920)
* An error may occur when logging into the FusionAuth admin UI with an IdP initiated request from a SAML v2 IdP.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1941](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1941), thanks to [@jon-at-advarra](https://github.com/jon-at-advarra) for filing the bug!
* An error may occur when logging into the FusionAuth admin UI with an IdP initiated request from a SAML v2 IdP and then navigating to your own profile page.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1976](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1976), thanks to [@jon-at-advarra](https://github.com/jon-at-advarra), this was a great edge case.
* When taking a User Action, the duration is localized for the event. The localization is only available for a fixed number of locales. When an un-supported locale, such as Serbian is requested, an exception will occur. This has been fixed to avoid the exception, and if an un-supported Locale is requested, English will be used as the default.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1978](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1978)
* When sending a test event to verify the Kafka configuration, the topic was not being validated as required.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1985](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1985), thanks to [@sixhobbits](https://github.com/sixhobbits), nice catch!
* When completing the forgot password workflow using the FusionAuth themed pages outside of an OAuth context, you may receive an error that says `Oops. It looks like you've gotten here by accident.`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1989](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1989)
* Update the Email Template preview in the view dialog to be consistent with the preview in the edit page.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #2007](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/2007), thanks to [@lancegliser](https://github.com/lancegliser) for pointing this out!
* Restrict the Two Factor Trust during a Change Password request to be used for the workflow that started the request.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #2010](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/2010)
* Fix the edit Form Field in the FusionAuth admin UI for a consent field.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #2026](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/2026)
* Using password reset to unlock account may not work when MFA is enabled for the user. This is a bug in this new feature that was added in version `1.42.0`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #2032](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/2032)

### Enhancements
* Additional configuration for the Apple IdP to support login from Mobile and Desktop.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #778](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/778), thanks to [@johnmaia](https://github.com/johnmaia) for his persistence!
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1248](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1248), thanks to [@Brunom50](https://github.com/Brunom50) to documenting this limitation.
* Update the System Log viewer in the FusionAuth admin UI to order logs for easier viewing pleasure.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1612](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1612)
* Allow Forgot Password API usage when the Forgot Password Email template is not configured if `sendForgotPasswordEmail` is `false`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1735](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1735), thanks to [@epbensimpson](https://github.com/epbensimpson) for the suggestion.
* Provide better developer feedback on the Change Password API when using an API key.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1897](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1897), thanks to [@sujkattimani](https://github.com/sujkattimani) for the feedback!
* Allow the SAML v2 IdP to be used for both SP and IdP initiated login. Previously to utilize SP and IdP initiated login for the same SAML v2 IdP, you would have to create two separate configurations. It is still recommended to use the separate SAML v2 IdP initiated configuration if you will not be using an SP initiated login.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1900](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1900), thanks to [@leesmith110](https://github.com/leesmith110) for opening the issue and providing us so much valuable feedback.
* Support for PostgreSQL 15
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1944](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1944)
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #2015](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/2015)
* Add an option to include archived logs in gzip format on the System Log Download API. This will be the default when downloading the logs in the FusionAuth admin UI.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1942](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1942)
* Allow the login hint that is passed to a 3rd Party SAML v2 IdP to be configured. Previously this was always `login_hint`, but Azure will expect `username`, this can now be configured.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1946](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1946)
* Add `sourceApplicationId` to the Application API to create an app from an existing Application to copy settings. This allows you to more easily use a single Application as a template, or to just make a copy.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1957](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1957)
* Ship default email templates for Add and Remove Multi-Factor methods.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1993](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1993)
* Add additional SAML IdP config to allow advanced assertion capabilities such as allow any destination, or alternate values. This is sort of a dangerous power user feature, but can be useful when migrating IdP configurations into FusionAuth w/out requiring each IdP to update their ACS.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1995](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1995)
* Add additional detail to the edit registration form in the FusionAuth admin UI so you know which user you are editing. Seemed like a good idea.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #2045](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/2045)
* Do not validate `Content-Type` when a payload has not been provided.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #2085](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/2085)

### New
* Support for wild cards in OAuth2 Authorized Origin and Authorized Redirect URL configurations. Use with caution - but have fun with it!
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #437](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/437). This one has been a long time coming, and we really appreciate all of the feedback and suggestions on this issue. In chronological order, thank you to [@SeanStayn](https://github.com/SeanStayn), [@Jank1310](https://github.com/Jank1310), [@JuliusPC](https://github.com/JuliusPC), [@dystopiandev](https://github.com/dystopiandev), [@alessandrojcm](https://github.com/alessandrojcm), [@sjmog](https://github.com/sjmog), [@huysentruitw](https://github.com/huysentruitw) and [@mdnadm](https://github.com/mdnadm).
* Support for native TLS configuration in the FusionAuth HTTP server without the requirement to use a proxy with TLS termination.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1996](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1996)
* Add support for `salted-pbkdf2-hmac-sha512-512` password hash algorithm.
  * See [Salted PBKDF2 HMAC SHA-512](/docs/reference/password-hashes#salted-pbkdf2-hmac-sha-512) for additional details.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #2054](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/2054)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.42.1" releaseDate="January 8th, 2023" />

### Fixed
* A regression error in version `1.42.0` may cause a user to no longer be able to login after a successful login. In order to encounter this bug, you must have your tenant configured to re-hash passwords on login, and have a user login when their password encryption scheme or factor that does not match the configured tenant defaults. If you may have this type of configuration, please do not upgrade to version `1.42.0` and instead upgrade directly to this version.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #2043](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/2043)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.42.0" releaseDate="December 7th, 2022" />

### Known Issues
* In this release, you may now create a policy to allow a user to unlock their account after too many failed login attempts by completing a forgot password workflow. A bug was identified in this new feature that may cause this workflow to fail if the user also has 2FA enabled.
  * Resolved in `1.43.0` via [GitHub Issue #2032](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/2032)
* An error was introduced that may, after one successful login, cause subsequent logins to fail for a user. In order to encounter this bug, you must have your tenant configured to re-hash passwords on login, and have a user login when their password encryption scheme or factor that does not match the configured tenant defaults. If you may have this type of configuration, please do not upgrade to version `1.42.0` and instead upgrade directly to version `1.42.1`.
  * Resolved in `1.42.1` via [GitHub Issue #2043](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/2043)

### Changed
* When building a WebAuthn credential, the user's current email address or username will now be used as the credential name. Previously this value was generated to be unique to help the user identify multiple credentials. However, Safari on macOS and Edge on Windows may display this value to the end user, so this will no longer be generated but set to a value the user should recognize.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1929](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1929)
* New themed templates for enabling two-factor authentication during login. Please review your themes to ensure the new templates and localized messages are added.
  * `theme.templates.oauth2TwoFactorEnable -> /oauth2/two-factor-enable`
  * `theme.templates.oauth2TwoFactorEnableComplete -> /oauth2/two-factor-enable-complete`
  * Related [GitHub Issue #197](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/197)

### Fixed
* Minor WebAuthn related fixes.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1979](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1979)
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1986](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1986)
* When providing both the `entityId` and `userId` on the Entity Search API, an exception will occur.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1883](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1883)
* Remove SCIM endpoints from the API key configuration in the admin UI, these endpoints do not use API keys.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1987](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1987)
* Fix various rendering issues with the Theme preview in the admin UI
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1755](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1755), thanks to [Steve-MP](https://github.com/Steve-MP) for reporting!

### Enhancements
* Allow a user to unlock their account after being locked due to too many failed authentication attempts by completing a password reset workflow. See the `Cancel action on password reset` in the Tenant configuration. `Tenants > Edit > Password > Failed authentication settings`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #383](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/383), thanks [@colingm](https://github.com/colingm) for the request, and [@davidmw](https://github.com/davidmw) and [@Jlintonjr](https://github.com/Jlintonjr) for the advice and feedback!
* Use the existing tenant configuration for `modifyEncryptionSchemeOnLogin` to also update the hash when changed.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1062](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1062)
* Add additional configuration to the `Failed authentication settings` in the tenant configuration to optionally email the user when the configured action is also configured to allow emailing.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1823](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1823)
* Update the `System > About` panel in the admin UI to report OpenSearch when using OpenSearch instead of Elasticsearch.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1982](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1982)

### New
* Additional Multi-Factor policy option to require a user to enable multi-factor during login if not yet configured. See `Tenants > Edit > MFA > Policies > On login > Required.`. Application specific configuration can also be configured, see `Applications > Edit > MFA > Policies > On login > Required.`, using the application configuration requires an Enterprise plan.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #197](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/197)
* Allow refresh tokens to be revoked for a user when enabling two-factor authentication. See `Tenants > Edit > JWT > Refresh token settings > Refresh token revocation > On multi-factor enable`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1794](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1794)
* A new lambda function can be assigned to perform custom validation for any step during a self-service registration. This feature is only available when using a custom form, and is not available when using basic self-service registration. This may be useful to perform advanced field validation, or to call a 3rd party API to perform additional identity verification.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1833](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1833)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.41.3" releaseDate="November 21st, 2022" />

### Security
* Mitigate a potential directory traversal attack. CloudFlare, AWS and similar cloud providers will generally block these requests by default.
  * Please note, FusionAuth Cloud customers are not vulnerable to this type of attack.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.41.2" releaseDate="November 17th, 2022" />

### Fixed
* Allow licensed features such as SCIM or WebAuthn to be configured during kickstart.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1969](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1969)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.41.1" releaseDate="November 16th, 2022" />

### Security
* Remove the app template files from the classpath.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1964](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1964), thanks to [@vtcdanh](https://github.com/vtcdanh) for reporting.

### Fixed
* Improve synchronization of a user during a connector login. Specifically, allow previously obtained refresh tokens to be preserved during the user update procedures during a connector synchronization event.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1907](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1907), thanks to [@yuezhou1998](https://github.com/yuezhou1998) for letting us know.
* Allow for invalid language values to be provided in the `Accept-Language` HTTP request header. When an invalid language is provided, the `Accept-Language` header will be discarded.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1958](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1958)
* Better support for beginning a forgot password workflow using the API and completing the workflow in a themed page when a user also has 2FA enabled.
* Resolves [GitHub Issue #1965](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1965)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.41.0" releaseDate="November 10th, 2022" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

### Known Issues
* A change to the FusionAuth HTTP server may cause issues with reverse proxies that default upstream connections to `HTTP/1.0`. The HTTP server we are using no longer supports `HTTP/1.0`. We have identified that `nginx` defaults all upstream connections to `HTTP/1.0`, and the HTTP server we are using no longer supports `HTTP/1.0`. For `nginx` specifically, you will need to set the proxy version by adding `proxy_http_version 1.1;` to your proxy config.

### Security
* Update `com.fasterxml.jackson.*` dependencies to version `2.14.0`. This update is proactive, there are no known exploits. See [CVE-2022-42003](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-42003) and [CVE-2022-42004](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-42004).
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1913](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1913)

### Changed
* New themed pages added for WebAuthn. Please review your themes to ensure the new templates and localized messages are added.
  * See the [Theme](/docs/apis/themes) API and the [Theme](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/) documentation for additional details. Review the [Upgrading](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/advanced-themes/upgrade-advanced-theme) section for information on how to resolve potential breaking changes.
* WebAuthn re-authentication requires a new hidden form field named `userVerifyingPlatformAuthenticatorAvailable` to detect compatible devices/browsers and prompt the user to register a passkey. You can view the default templates to determine in which form to insert this field into any customized templates. This field must be present on the following pages:
  * OAuth authorize
  * OAuth complete registration
  * OAuth passwordless
  * OAuth register
  * OAuth two-factor
  * OAuth WebAuthn (new)

### Fixed
* Correct signature verification of a SAML v2 AuthN response after the certificate has been removed from Key Master.
  * Resolves [GitHub #1906](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1906)
* An exception may be thrown when there are no keys to be returned from the `/api/jwt/public-key` when requesting keys by an `applicationId`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1918](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1918)
* When using Firefox, using the SSO logout a zero byte file may be downloaded.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1934](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1934)
* When multiple webhooks are configured, and more than one webhook is configured to receive the `event-log.create` event, a failed webhook may cause an event loop.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1945](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1945)
* Correct deserialization of the `userType` and `title` fields in a SCIM resource.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1954](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1954)

### Enhancements
* Support passing the Assertion Consumer Service (ACS) in the `RelayState` query parameter.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1785](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1785)
* Support using an `appId` and `sessionTicket` to complete login with the Steam Identity Provider.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1873](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1873)
* Add back support for some legacy HTTP Servlet Request methods for use in themed templates.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1904](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1904)

### New
* WebAuthn! Passkeys, Touch ID, Face ID, Android fingerprint, Windows Hello!
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #77](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/77)
* Allow users to be provisioned into the FusionAuth app using an IdP
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1915](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1915)
* Allow FusionAuth to initiate a SAML v2 login request to a SAML v2 Service Provider.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1927](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1927)

### Internal
* Update the docker image to `ubuntu:jammy`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1936](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1936)
* New HTTP server


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.40.2" releaseDate="September 28th, 2022" />

### Fixed
* A two-factor trust may expire early causing a user to be prompted to complete two-factor during login. This issue was introduced in version `1.37.0`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1905](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1905)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.40.1" releaseDate="September 26th, 2022" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

### Fixed
* A SAML v2 IdP Initiated login request will fail if PKCE is configured as required.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1800](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1800)
* The path attribute in some cookies may be set to the request path instead of `/` which may affect a SAML v2 IdP initiated login request.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1891](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1891)

### Enhancements
* Support `Content-Type` in Kickstart when using `PATCH` request to support `application/json-patch+json` and `application/merge-patch+json`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1885](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1885)
* Remove un-necessary logging when the `Content-Type` request header is invalid or unset.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1895](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1895)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.40.0" releaseDate="September 16th, 2022" />

### Changed
* If you are using MySQL or plan to use MySQL you will need to manually download the JDBC connector to allow FusionAuth to connect to a MySQL database. If you are using PostgreSQL, this change will not affect you. See the installation guide for additional information. We apologize in advance for the inconvenience this causes you, but the Oracle GPL licensing model makes it difficult for FusionAuth to easily delivery this capability.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1862](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1862)

### Fixed
* An exception may occur when you attempt to perform a `PATCH` request on a Group using a `roleId` that does not exist.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1872](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1872)
* URL escape the `identityProviderUser` in the admin UI to correctly build the View and Delete actions links.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1882](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1882), thanks to one of our MVPs [@epbensimpson](https://github.com/epbensimpson) for letting us know and providing excellent recreation steps.

### Enhancements
* Support changes to `user.active` for `PUT` or `PATCH` on the SCIM User or Enterprise User endpoints.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1871](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1871)
* Performance improvement for SAML v2 request parsing.
  * [GitHub Issue #1884](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1884)

### New
* Native Windows support has been re-instated. We apologize for the gap in native Windows support, for those who have been waiting to upgrade since version `1.37.0` you may now upgrade with a native installer. Thank you for all of you who have voiced your opinions with how we are support a native Windows installation.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1848](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1848)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.39.0" releaseDate="September 11th, 2022" />

### Fixed
* When appending the `locale` request parameter on the Authorize request to pre-select the user's locale, the locale may still be incorrect for validation errors. For example, appending `locale=fr` will allow the initial render of the page to be localized in French when available. However, because the user did not manually modify the locale selector on the page, if the login fails due to a validation error, the error messages will be returned in the default locale which is generally English.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1713](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1713)
* Group application roles removed during a `PATCH` request to the Group API.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1717](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1717), thank you to [@paul-fink-silvacom](https://github.com/paul-fink-silvacom) for raising the issue!
* Corrections to the SAML v2 SP and IdP meta data.
  * The HTTP scheme was missing from the `entityID`. This issue was introduced in version `1.37.0`.
  * The `NameIdFormat` found in the SP meta data was always showing `urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.1:nameid-format:emailAddress` regardless of the value configured in the SAML v2 IdP.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1842](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1842)
* The potential exists to see an exception in the FusionAuth system logs when the internal login record service runs. It is unlikely you will experience this error unless you have very large login volumes.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1854](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1854)
* There is the potential for the Elasticsearch index to become out of sync with respect to group memberships when groups are being deleted, or group members are being deleted from a group.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1855](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1855)
* Add missing support for `en_GB` time and data format support in the FusionAuth admin UI when setting your preferred locale to `en_GB`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1858](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1858), thanks to [@adambowen](https://github.com/adambowen) for bringing this to our attention. It wasn't our intention to force our friends in the United Kingdom 🇬🇧 to painfully read dates and times in the American 🇺🇸 format. Please accept our apologies. 😎

### Enhancements
* Better support for JSON Patch. Now supporting RFC 7386 `application/merge-patch+json` and RFC 6902 `application/json-patch+json`. Note that you may still make a request using the `PATCH` HTTP method using `application/json` and the current behavior should not be changed. All `patch*` methods found in the FusionAuth client libraries will still be using `application/json` for backwards compatibility. However, now that support for these new content types exists, we will be working to build support into our client libraries.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #441](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/441)
* Better developer feedback when the `Content-Type` request header is missing or incorrect.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #604](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/604)
* Additional SCIM support for the `PATCH` HTTP request method, and `filter` and `excludedAttributes` request attributes. The addition of these features allow the FusionAuth SCIM server to be compatible with Azure AD SCIM client and Okta SCIM client. The Group filter support has some limitations, see the [SCIM Group](/docs/apis/scim/scim-group#retrieve-a-group) API doc for additional details.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1761](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1761)
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1791](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1791)
* Add some missing message keys to default Theme message bundle.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1839](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1839)
* Remove an un-necessary db request when validating the user security scheme for a user in the FusionAuth admin UI.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1856](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1856)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.38.1" releaseDate="August 22nd, 2022" />

### Fixed
* Static resources such as CSS and JS may be missing a `Content-Type` header which may cause a proxy using `X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff` to fail to load the resource. This issue was introduced in version `1.37.0`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1831](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1831), thanks to [@sinqinc](https://github.com/sinqinc) for reporting.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1834](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1834), thanks to [@Aaron-Ritter](https://github.com/Aaron-Ritter) for reporting.
* Fix a potential error issue caused by a webhook handler calling back to FusionAuth which may trigger another webhook event. This fix should also improve the performance when sending many events for webhooks.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1836](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1836)
* Correct behavior during login when both self-service registration and require registration features are enabled. This configuration may cause a user to be directed to the registration required page during login instead of being registered automatically. If you encounter this error, you may either upgrade or disable the require registration configuration. This appears to be a regression introduced in version `1.36.5`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1837](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1837)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.38.0" releaseDate="August 17th, 2022" />

### Fixed
* Remove dead Tomcat files from Docker image
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1820](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1820), thanks to [@kevcube](https://github.com/kevcube) for letting us know!

### New
* Group and Group Membership Webhooks
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #633](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/633), thanks to [@JLyne](https://github.com/JLyne), [@ric-sapasap](https://github.com/ric-sapasap) and [@rabshire](https://github.com/rabshire) for the feedback!
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1803](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1803), thanks to [@matthew-jump](https://github.com/matthew-jump) for making the request.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.37.2" releaseDate="August 11th, 2022" />

### Fixed
* A regression error was introduced in version `1.37.0` that causes HTTP request headers to be malformed when being sent to a Webhook, Generic Messenger or a Generic Connector.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1818](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1818)

### Enhancements

* In version `1.37.0` you may now create a user in the FusionAuth admin UI optionally performing email verification. The UI controls and messaging have been enhanced to remove potential confusion.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1819](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1819)



<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.37.1" releaseDate="August 10th, 2022" />

### Fixed
* An exception may occur while trying to capture the debug log event during an authentication request using a Connector.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1799](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1799)
* When configuring a User Action to prevent login and using that event with the Failed Login configuration, if you configure the User Action to email the user, the email will not be sent.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1801](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1801)
* Kickstart fails because it does not wait for FusionAuth to complete startup.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1816](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1816)
* Creating an application in the FusionAuth admin UI may fail due to a licensing error if you do not have an Enterprise license.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1817](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1817)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.37.0" releaseDate="August 9th, 2022" />

<GeneralMigrationWarning warning_message="This release contains some significant internal changes to our HTTP server. While we do not expect any issues, please be aware of this change as you test and prepare for upgrades. Please also be aware of changes to our Windows bundling options." />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning warning_message="This release contains some significant internal changes to our HTTP server. While we do not expect any issues, please be aware of this change as you test and prepare for upgrades. Please also be aware of changes to our Windows bundling options." />

### Known Issues
* Kickstart fails because it does not wait for FusionAuth to complete startup.
  * Resolved in version `1.37.1` via [GitHub Issue #1816](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1816)
* Creating an application in the FusionAuth admin UI may fail due to a licensing error if you do not have an Enterprise license.
  * Resolved in version `1.37.1` via [GitHub Issue #1817](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1817)
* A regression error was introduced in version `1.37.0` that causes HTTP request headers to be malformed when being sent to a Webhook, Generic Messenger or a Generic Connector.
  * Resolved in version `1.37.2` via [GitHub Issue #1818](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1818)
* Static resources such as CSS and JS may be missing a `Content-Type` header which may cause a proxy using `X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff` to fail to load the resource.
  * Resolved in version `1.38.1` via [GitHub Issue #1831](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1831)
* A two-factor trust may expire early causing a user to be prompted to complete two-factor during login.
  * Resolved in version `1.40.2` via [GitHub Issue #1905](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1905)
* A theme issue may exist on a form action and may cause breaking changes when upgrading to this version.
  * If you are upgrading, please verify your theme files accurately create a form action.  The following themes should be updated as follows:
   * OAuth authorize -> `action="/oauth2/authorize"`
   * Child registration not allowed -> `action="/oauth2/child-registration-not-allowed"`
   * OAuth passwordless -> `action="/oauth2/passwordless"`
   * OAuth register -> `action="/oauth2/register"`
   * OAuth two factor -> `action="/oauth2/two-factor"`
   * Change password form -> `action="/password/change"`
   * Forgot password -> `action="/password/forgot"`

### Security

* Allow deprecated XML signature algorithms that were removed in Java 17. It is still not recommended that you use any of these legacy SHA1 algorithms, but if you are unable to utilize a modern algorithm, they will be allowed.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1814](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1814)

### Changed

* Windows install has been removed. Our strategy is to support Windows using [WSL 2](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/about) with our provided Debian package. Please plan to utilize this strategy, and open a GitHub issue if you encounter issues with the installation.
  * Due to customer feedback, a native Windows installation option has been restored as of version `1.40.0`.
* Webhooks are no longer configured as "All applications" or limited to a single Application. They are now scoped to one or more tenants. If you previously had multiple webhooks configured within the same tenant, but scoped to separate Applications you will want to review your configuration and filter events in your own Webhook handler by the `applicationId`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1812](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1812)
* Deprecate Apache Tomcat specific configuration. See the [Configuration](/docs/reference/configuration) reference for additional detail.
  * `fusionauth-app.http.max-header-size` The default maximum size is now `64k`.
  * `fusionauth-app.http.cookie-same-site-policy` In most cases, cookies will be written using `SameSite=Lax`, and cookies used by the FusionAuth admin UI utilize `SameSite=Strict`. If you think there would be value in further customizing cookies by name, or security settings such as `SameSite`, please upvote [GitHub Issue #1414](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1414) and describe your intended use-case.
  * `fusionauth-app.management.port` This was an Apache Tomcat specific port that is no longer required.
  * `fusionauth-app.ajp.port` is now deprecated, this was an Apache Tomcat specific binary protocol used by Java applications.
  * `fusionauth-app.http.relaxed-path-chars` This option was not likely documented or in-use by anyone.
  * `fusionauth-app.http.relaxed-query-chars` This option was not likely documented or in-use by anyone.
* FastPath and normal startup commands have changed. For example, starting FusionAuth based upon Apache Tomcat used `catalina.sh` or `catalina.bat`, the startup process will now use `start.sh`. See install documentation for more details.
* When using the FusionAuth Docker image with MySQL, you will need to bundle the MySQL connector jar in the image, or add a layer to the stock FusionAuth image to ensure that `curl` is installed so that the MySQL connector jar can be downloaded it during startup. It is recommended that you build the connector into the image. See our example [Dockerfile](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/tree/main/docker/fusionauth/fusionauth-app-mysql) on GitHub for an example.

### Fixed

* Add the appropriate feedback to the users when attempting to change an email during a gated email verification that is already in-use.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1547](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1547)
* Correct the validation when deleting a key from Key Master when in use by a de-activated application.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1676](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1676)
* Perform implicit email verification when enabled and a setup password email request is completed.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1705](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1705)
* Handle URL encoded characters in the user-information part of the URL when connecting to Elasticsearch. This allows a username or password to be provided in the URL that have been URL encoded.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1745](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1745)
* When using the Change Password workflow in the hosted login pages for a user that has enabled 2FA, if you are not adding the OAuth2 parameters found in the `state` on the Change Password link built in the email template an error may occur when the user tries to complete the workflow.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1764](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1764)
* The Refresh Token retrieve API and the Session tab in admin UI will no longer show expired refresh tokens. While the previous behavior was working as designed, it was confusing to some clients, and an admin was not able to manually remove expired tokens.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1772](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1772)
* Fix Lambda JS validation when using ES6 features with the GraalJS engine.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1790](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1790), thanks to [@theogravity](https://github.com/theogravity) for reporting the issue!

### Enhancements

* Administrative Email Verification using the API or FusionAuth admin UI. When creating a user in the admin UI, you may now optionally create the user with an un-verified email when Email verification is enabled. See the [Verify Email](/docs/apis/users#verify-a-users-email) API for additional details.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1319](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1319)
* The Oauth2 Logout does not log a user out of FusionAuth app if logging out of another application in the same default tenant.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1699](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1699)
* Updates to our initial SCIM Server implementation released in version `1.36.0`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1702](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1702)
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1703](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1703)
* Better options to capture debug information when troubleshooting an SMTP connection issue. You no longer need to specify `mail.debug=true` in the advanced SMTP settings, and instead when enabling `debug` on the SMTP configuration a debug Event Log will be produced with the SMTP debug information.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1743](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1743)
* Support larger email templates on MySQL. Prior to this version the `TEXT` column data type was utilized which has a maximum size of `16k` in MySQL, now we are using `MEDIUMTEXT` which supports up to `16M`.
  * Resolves [GitHub #1788](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1788), thanks to [@darkeagle1337](https://github.com/darkeagle1337) for making the request!
* Improvements to the OAuth2 Logout endpoint. This endpoint now correctly supports the `POST` method in addition to the `GET` method, and you may now use an expired `id_token` in the `id_token_hint` parameter.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1792](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1792)
* Webhooks are now scoped to one or more tenants. Webhooks will no longer receive all events, but only events for the configured tenants. There is still an option for "All tenants" if you still wish to preserve the previous behavior.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1812](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1812)
* Any API response that returns a Refresh Token will now also return a `refresh_token_id` when in OAuth2 or a `refreshTokenId` in all other APIs. This may be useful to identify a refresh token for revocation when using a one-time use Refresh Token. This identifier is the primary key of the Refresh Token and can be used by the Refresh Token API.
* The Access Token will contain a new claim named `sid` which is the immutable identifier Refresh Token. This claim is not reserved, so it can be removed and will only be present when a refresh token is requested. This is different from the `sid` claim that is already returned in the `id_token`, that `sid` or Session Identifier is the SSO session identifier and is primarily used by FusionAuth to validate a logout request.
* When available the Refresh Token is now returned in the `JWTRefreshTokenRevokeEvent` event in the `refreshToken` field.
* The Login Ping API may now optionally take the request as a POST body.

### New

* Application scoped Multi-Factor authentication. This feature allows an application choose to participate in Multi-Factor when enabled, and optionally specify a separate TTL for trust scoped to a single application.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #763](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/763)
* You may optionally disable the IdP linking strategy for an Identity Provider. This allows you to restrict any automatic linking and manage all IdP linking through the API.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1551](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1551), thanks to [@epbensimpson](https://github.com/epbensimpson) for the suggestion.
* Added `fusionauth-app.http.read-timeout` to the configuration to optionally set the maximum read timeout when making requests to FusionAuth. See the [Configuration](/docs/reference/configuration) reference for additional detail.

### Internal

* Remove Apache Tomcat as the underlying application server, in favor of a more modern HTTP server based upon Netty.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1671](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1671)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.36.8" releaseDate="July 4th, 2022" />

### Fixed

* Fix the placeholder text in the entity grants search field.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1774](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1774)
* Correct the SCIM HTTP response code when a new resource is created to be `201`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1775](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1775)
* Correct the SCIM HTTP response code when a duplicate resource is attempted to be created to be `409`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1776](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1776)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.36.7" releaseDate="June 23rd, 2022" />

### Security
* Ensure the provided `client_id` matches the Application represented by the Refresh Token when performing a Refresh grant. This is marked as a security fix because the intended design is to ensure the Refresh Token does indeed match the requested `client_id`. However, the risk is minimal due to the caller still being required to have a valid set of client credentials, and must still present a valid refresh token.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1766](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1766) Thanks to [@gnarlium](https://github.com/gnarlium) for reporting the issue!

### Fixed
* The initial "start" phase of a user action triggered by a failed login configuration is not sent.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1654](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1654)
* When a SAML v2 SP is using an HTTP redirect binding during the Logout request FusionAuth make fail to complete the logout request.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1723](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1723)
* A timing issue exists where under load of creating logins and then deleting applications programatically, a login record for a now deleted application may get stuck in the queue causing exceptions when attempting to write the record to the database.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1765](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1765)
* Correct the `Content-Type` HTTP response header returned from the SCIM endpoints.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1769](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1769)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.36.6" releaseDate="June 16th, 2022" />

### Fixed

* When using Rate Limiting for Failed logins, the user may be able to login successfully after being rate limited - but prior to the end of the configured time period.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1758](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1758)
* When using a JWT Populate lambda and modifying the default value of the `aud` claim to be an array instead of a string value, this token can no longer be used by the Introspect endpoint. This fix allows you to modify the `aud` claim to be an array, and it may be used with the Introspect endpoint as long as the requested `client_id` is contained in the `aud` claim. The OAuth2 Logout endpoint was also updated to allow this same `aud` modification to be using an `id_token` as the `id_token_hint`. When using this style of token as an `id_token_hint`, the first value in the `aud` claim that is equal to a FusionAuth application Id will be utilized.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1759](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1759)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.36.5" releaseDate="June 13th, 2022" />

### Security
* Upgrade Java to get the patch for [CVE-2022-21449](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-21449). Note that in version `1.36.4` FusionAuth manually patched this vulnerability. To ensure you are not vulnerable to this vulnerability, upgrade to FusionAuth version `1.36.4` or later, or discontinue use of the Elliptic Curve algorithm.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1672](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1672)
* Fix validation of the Oauth2 Logout endpoint when using the `post_logout_redirect` parameter. As [documented here](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#logout), you must ensure that any value for this parameter is in the Authorized URLs list for the application. This may be a breaking change if you do not.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1750](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1750)

### Fixed
* Fix a UI bug that caused the application column to show "Single sign-on" instead of the Application name in the Session tab of the user management panel.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1706](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1706)
* If you have enabled Two-Factor authentication and self-service registration, a user may not be routed to the Complete Registration step correctly after completing the Two-Factor challenge.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1708](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1708), thanks to [@chimericdream](https://github.com/chimericdream) for reporting the issue!
* The `displayName` property on the [Link a User](/docs/apis/identity-providers/links#link-a-user) API is ignored. This is a regression bug that was introduced in version `1.36.0`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1728](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1728)
* A 3rd party Web Application Firewall such as CloudFlare may inject JavaScript into the `head` element and this may cause a failure to properly initialize support for an Identity Provider such as Twitter.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1731](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1731), thanks to [@atakane](https://github.com/atakane) for helping us track this one down!

### Internal
* Upgrade to the latest Java 17 LTS. Upgraded from 17.0.1+12 to 17.0.3+7.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1672](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1672)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.36.4" releaseDate="April 21st, 2022" />

### Security
* Proactive patch for Java [CVE-2022-21449](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-21449). This release will patch the vulnerability described in the referenced CVE until we are able to release a version of FusionAuth using the upcoming patched release of Java. If you are not able to upgrade to this release, discontinue use of ECDSA keys in FusionAuth for JWT or SAML signing.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1694](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1694)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.36.3" releaseDate="April 19th, 2022" />

### Fixed
* An additional edge case was identified in the issue resolved by [GitHub Issue #1687](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1687). If you did encounter the issue resolved by [GitHub Issue #1687](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1687), you should plan to upgrade to this patch version so that you can fully utilize the new `auth_time` claim introduced in `1.36.0`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1688](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1688)

<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.36.2" releaseDate="April 14th, 2022" />

### Fixed
* If you are using the `openid` scope which produces an `id_token`, and you utilize a 3rd party library that consumes the `id_token` to validate the signature, expiration or similar claims, the token may be incorrectly identified as expired. This is because after a refresh token is used to generate a new `id_token` the `auth_time` claim may have lost precision from the original value in the initial `id_token`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1687](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1687)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.36.1" releaseDate="April 14th, 2022" />

### Fixed
* When building an entity grant in the UI for a user or other entity, the search results may contain entities from all tenants. If you attempt to select an entity in a tenant other than the tenant for which the user or entity belongs, an exception will occur.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1579](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1579)
* If you create an empty directory in the FusionAuth plugin directory, or create a directory that does not contain any FusionAuth plugin jars, and have other plugin jars in the root of the plugin directory, the legitimate plugin jar may not be loaded. If you encounter this problem, either remove the empty directories, or make the empty directories read only.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1683](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1683)
* If you are using the Client Credentials Grant and omit the permissions from the `target-entity:` scope, the expected permissions will not be returned as part of the access token claims.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1686](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1686)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.36.0" releaseDate="April 7th, 2022" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

### Known Issues
* If you create an empty directory in the FusionAuth plugin directory, or create a directory that does not contain any FusionAuth plugin jars, and have other plugin jars in the root of the plugin directory, the legitimate plugin jar may not be loaded. If you encounter this problem, either remove the empty directories, or make the empty directories read only.
  * This has been resolved in version `1.36.1`.
* If you are using the Client Credentials Grant and omit the permissions from the `target-entity:` scope, the expected permissions will not be returned as part of the access token claims.
  * This has been resolved in version `1.36.1`.
* If you are using the `openid` scope which produces an `id_token`, and you utilize a 3rd party library that consumes the `id_token` to validate the signature, expiration or similar claims, the token may be incorrectly identified as expired. This is because after a refresh token is used to generate a new `id_token` the `auth_time` claim may have lost precision from the original value in the initial `id_token`.
  * This has been resolved in version `1.36.3`.

### Security
* Ensure that the Change Password identifier is revoked if an API is used to change a user's password after the user has initiated a change password request.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1632](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1632)

### Changed
* The JWT authorization method is no longer supported when using the `GET` method on the [Retrieve Refresh Tokens](/docs/apis/jwt#retrieve-refresh-tokens) API.
  * The reason for this potentially breaking change is due to concern of potential abuse. If you were previously using a JWT to authorize the request to the `GET` HTTP method, you will need to modify your integration to utilize an API key. See the [Retrieve Refresh Tokens](/docs/apis/jwt#retrieve-refresh-tokens) API for additional details.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1646](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1646)
* Updated reserved JWT claims by grant type. The `amr` claims is marked as reserved, and will be available in a future release.
  * Reserved for authorization code and implicit grant, `amr`, `exp`, `iat`, `sub` and `tid`. Only `amr` and `tid` are new for this release.
  * Reserved for Vending API `amr`, `exp` and `iat`. Only the `amr` claim is new for this release.
  * Reserved for Client Credentials grant, `amr`, `aud`, `exp`, `iat`, `permissions`, `sub` and `tid`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1669](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1669)

### Fixed
* The requested `AssertionConsumerServiceURL` in a SAML v2 `AuthNRequest` is ignored and the first URL configured is used instead.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1278](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1278), thanks to [@pakomp](https://github.com/pakomp) for letting us know!
* Entities don't support the use of `:` in the permission name, this limitation has been removed.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1480](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1480), thanks to [@matthewhartstonge](https://github.com/matthewhartstonge) for the help!
* An application role may not be immediately available to assign to a user after initial creation. This issue was due to some additional caching introduced in version `1.32.1`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1575](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1575)
* The Password Grant response is missing the Two Factor Method Ids when a Two-Factor challenge is required. This issue was introduced in version `1.26.0` when Two-Factor Method Ids were added to the Login API response.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1585](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1585)
* The Tenant edit and add panel displays Webhook events that are not configured at the Tenant level.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1593](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1593)
* FusionAuth may fail to start on Windows when using the `startup.bat` script. See linked issue for a workaround.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1624](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1624), thanks to [@James-M-Oswald](https://github.com/James-M-Oswald) for the assist!
* Enhance email validation to keep obviously incorrect emails from being used during self-service user registration.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1625](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1625), thanks to [@pablomadrigal](https://github.com/pablomadrigal) for letting us know!
* When using the GraalJS Lambda engine, you cannot use ECMA 6 features such as `const` or `let`.
  * This only affects version `1.35.0` when using the new GraalJS engine, and does not represent a regression because prior to version `1.35.0` the only Lambda engine available was Nashorn which only supported ECMA 5.1.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1630](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1630)
* When using a Connector, a timing issue exists that could cause a login to fail. See the linked issue for an example exception that you may observe if you encounter this issue.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1633](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1633)
* The Tenant View dialog may show the incorrect Event transaction setting for a Tenant created via the API.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1642](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1642)
* When the `openid` scope is used along with the `offline_access` scope and then the resulting refresh token is used in a Refresh grant, the returned `id_token` may be signed with the key configured for the `access_token`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1643](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1643)
* Ignore read-only directories inside of the configured plugin directory instead of throwing an exception.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1655](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1655)

### Enhancements
* Add a separate execute thread pool in the Apache Tomcat configuration to separate incoming requests from localhost callback requests to reduce thread contention.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1659](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1659)
* Allow for plugins that require dependent jars in their classpath.
  * To take advantage of this capability, create a sub-directory in the configured plugin directory. Place your plugin jar, and any dependant jars in the same directory or nested sub-directories. Each immediate sub-directory of the configured plugin directory will be considered a discrete classloader. Each of these class loaders will still share the parent classloader, so it is still advised to keep dependencies to a bare minimum such that you don't conflict with existing dependencies of FusionAuth.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1663](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1663)
* Minimize the duration of the database Transaction during authentication. This should improve login performance, especially when using an LDAP or Generic Connector.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1666](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1666) (666 😱 yikes)
* Alphabetize the Applications in Select form controls in the FusionAuth admin UI, this should make it easier for those are not robots to navigate when you have many applications.
  * [GitHub Issue #1668](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1668)
* Allow a login using a 3rd party IdP such as Google to succeed even if an Elasticsearch exception occurs when attempting to re-index the user.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1673](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1673)

### New
* Initial technology preview for SCIM Server, this feature is available in the Enterprise plan.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #106](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/106)
* Nintendo Online Identity Provider, this feature is available with all licensed plans of FusionAuth.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1206](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1206)
* New Identity Provider Link & Unlink Events
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1589](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1589)
* Default the Event Transaction Type in the Tenant configuration to `None`
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1644](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1644)
* New JWT claims
  * The `tid` claim is now being set in all JWTs. This is the FusionAuth Tenant Id, and is marked as reserved.
  * The JWT header will also now contain a `gty` claim which will represent the grant types in order of use for this token.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1669](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1669)

### Internal
* Update Apache Tomcat from `8.5.72` to `8.5.77`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1620](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1620)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.35.0" releaseDate="March 10th, 2022" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

### Fixed
* When using the FastPath installation for Windows, the startup may fail to download Java if you are using the `startup.bat` option for starting services.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1597](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1597), thanks to [@gkrothammer](https://github.com/gkrothammer) for the help!
* Using the Identity Provider Link API when more than one tenant is configured may fail unless you are specifying the tenant Id using the `X-FusionAuth-TenantId` HTTP request header.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1609](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1609)
* Self-service registration may fail to validate an email address beginning with `@`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1617](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1617), thanks to [@pablomadrigal](https://github.com/pablomadrigal) for letting us know!
* Using the Passwordless API without passing the OAuth2 state parameters on the URL such as `client_id`, and the user is not registered for the Application, the request may fail.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1623](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1623)

### New
* Initial technology preview for HTTP requests within a lambda function, termed Lambda HTTP Connect. All previously configured lambdas will continue to run on the legacy JS engine. Starting in this release the default engine for newly created lambdas will be GraalJS, but you have the ability to select the preferred engine. When using the GraalJS engine, you will be able to begin making HTTP requests within the lambda function. At some point in the future we will deprecate and fully remove the legacy JS engine (Nashorn). For the time being, use the new engine if you are able, and provide us feedback if you find anything is not working. If you do encounter a problem open an issue, and switch the lambda back to the Nashorn engine.
  * HTTP requests (AJAX) in the lambda requires Essentials or Enterprise plans.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #267](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/267)
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #571](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/571)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.34.1" releaseDate="February 23rd, 2022" />

### Fixed
* SAML v2 Login to FusionAuth may fail due to an exception.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1606](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1606), thanks so much to [@kristianvld](https://github.com/kristianvld) for letting us know.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.34.0" releaseDate="February 21st, 2022" />

### Known Issues
* SAML v2 Login to FusionAuth may fail due to an exception. Please upgrade directly to FusionAuth version >= 1.34.1
  * See [GitHub Issue #1606](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1606) for additional details.

### Security
* Resolve a potential vulnerability in the IdP Link API. If you are actively using any IdP configured to use the `CreatePendingLink` linking strategy, please upgrade at your earliest convenience.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1600](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1600)

### Changed
* When using the OpenID Connect identity provider, you have the option to select one of three client authentication options. You may select `none`, `client_secret_basic` or `client_secret_post`. Some 3rd party identity providers do not allow the `client_id` to be sent in the request body when using `client_secret_basic`. A strict reading of the OAuth2 and OpenID Connect specifications imply that the `client_id` should only be present in the request body when a client secret is not used, or you have selected `none` or `client_secret_post` for an authentication method. This change is to make FusionAuth more compliant with 3rd party IdPs that enforce this behavior. It is not expected that this change will have any negative impact on OpenID Connect configurations that have been working up until this release. However, please be aware of this change and verify existing OpenID Connect identity providers continue to behave as expected.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1595](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1595)
* Utilize PKCE anytime FusionAuth is initiating an Authorization Code grant to FusionAuth. While most of this will be transparent and should not affect any of your integrations, there is one use case in which it is important for FusionAuth to utilize PKCE when performing an Authorization Code grant to FusionAuth. This use case is when you are using an application with PKCE configured as required, and you then use the Device grant using the themed FusionAuth pages. In this case FusionAuth must utilize PKCE in order to pass PKCE validation during the request.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1598](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1598)
* When using the interactive Setup Wizard to perform initial setup of FusionAuth, the checkbox to sign up for the FusionAuth newsletter has been changed to be checked by default. This means that prior to this release you had to opt-in, and starting in this release, you will need to opt-out during this step. You also have the option to un-subscribe from the newsletter at any point in the future.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1577](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1577)

### New
* Native support for PBKDF2 using a 512-bit derived key length. The default PBKDF2 algorithm uses a 256-bit derived key length. Some IdPs such as KeyCloak use a 512-bit key, so this plugin should support an import from KeyCloak without using a custom plugin. This new algorithm is available using the value `salted-pbkdf2-hmac-sha256-512` during the User Import API.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1604](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1604)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.33.0" releaseDate="February 7th, 2022" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

### Security
* Add `-Dlog4j2.formatMsgNoLookups=true` to the `fusionauth-search` bundled version of Elasticsearch.
  * Please note, that if you are running a standalone version of Elasticsearch, this will not affect you, and you should still complete any suggested mitigation steps for your Elasticsearch instance. This VM argument added to the `fusionauth-search` bundle is only added to make people feel warm and fuzzy. FusionAuth Cloud users are not vulnerable to [CVE-2021-44228](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-44228), and even if you are self-hosting FusionAuth and utilizing the Elasticsearch bundled with `fusionauth-search` you are not vulnerable if you have followed our suggested securing steps. Also due to the version of Java we are using to run Elasticsearch, you are not vulnerable. But we all like to put on our tinfoil hats sometimes, so we are making this change for good measure.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1520](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1520)
* Updated PostgreSQL JDBC driver from version `42.2.22` to `42.3.2`.
  * This update is only pertinent to you if you are using a PostgreSQL database. If you are using MySQL, you are not vulnerable.
  * FusionAuth Cloud users are not affected. If you are self-hosting FusionAuth you are only vulnerable if you allow un-authorized modifications to your JDBC connection string used by FusionAuth to connect to the database. I hope you are not doing this. 😉 Please read the following CVE to better understand the vulnerability to see how it may or may not affect you.
  * [CVE-2022-21724](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-21724).
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1535](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1535)
* Proactively upgrade Logback. Instead of Log4J, FusionAuth uses Logback. In response to the recent vulnerabilities in Log4J, the Logback team has proactively added some additional hardening to their library to ensure similar vulnerabilities are not found.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1530](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1530)
* Better protection against malicious actors that have access to configuring Themed templates.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1549](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1549)
* Ensure we enforce a Two-Factor challenge before changing a password using the Change Password API.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1591](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1591)

### Changed
* If you are using the Change Password API with users that have Two-Factor enabled you may need to adjust your integration. Beginning in this release, to use the Change Password API for a user with Two-Factor enabled, you will need to obtain a Trust Token from the Two Factor Login API in order to complete this request. This is potentially a breaking change, the decision was made to make this potentially breaking change due to the enhanced security provided by this change.

  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1591](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1591)

### Fixed
* The FastPath install may fail to download Java on versions `>= 1.32.0`. The issue was that the `curl` request needed to be configured to follow a redirect with the new URLs for the Java download.  See the linked issue for a workaround if you want to use FastPath for an older version.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1519](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1519)
* Ensure we are able to handle Login records that may contain more than one IP address. When passing through a proxy, the `X-Forwarded-For` HTTP request header may contain more than one IP address. This fix ensures we parse this header correctly and handle existing Login records that may have been recorded with more than one value.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1521](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1521)
* Using the Login with Apple button on a themed login or registration page may fail when using Safari on iOS 12. A workaround is documented in the linked GitHub issue if you are unable to upgrade FusionAuth.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1526](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1526)
* The Event Log, Audit Log, Login Records search feature in the FusionAuth admin UI may not reset the pagination correctly when beginning a new search request.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1501](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1501)
* Group Membership may not be preserved after the first login request when using a Connector without migration.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1432](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1432)
* The `jwt.refresh-token.revoke` event may not be sent during a request to the Logout API (`/api/logout`).
  * Resolves   [GitHub Issue #1522](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1522), thanks to [@TimVanHerwijnen](https://github.com/TimVanHerwijnen) for all the help!
* A consent added to a self-service registration form may show up incorrectly during a complete registration step during login.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1259](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1259)
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1261](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1261)
* Better support for `user.birthDate` when using Advanced self-service registration when Family is enabled with child registration.
  * [GitHub Issue #1490](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1490)
* When configuring more than one preferred language in the FusionAuth admin UI on the User or User Registration, the order may not be preserved. For example, if you configured `French, English` where `French` is the preferred languages, with a second option of `English`, when saving the form, the serialized value will become `English, French` and will not likely be saved in the order you expect.
  * [GitHub Issue #1131](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1131)
* Fix a potential memory leak in the Email services. If you are sending a lot of email through FusionAuth, this error may cause your FusionAuth service to run out of memory. Restarting the service periodically can mitigate this potential if you are unable to upgrade. This issue was most likely introduced in version `1.30.1`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1548](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1548)
* When completing a Family workflow where a parent joins a child to a family, the `parentEmail` field may not be properly updated in the search index.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1550](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1550)
* If you have previously configured Basic Self-Service registration, and then begin using Advanced Self-Service it is possible that a validation may occur that you did not expect.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1560](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1560)
* Some edge cases exist when using the Async Tenant Delete API or deleting a Tenant in the FusionAuth admin UI where a tenant may get stuck in the Pending Delete state.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1559](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1559)

### Enhancements
* Add the underlying host architecture and operating system name and version to the About panel in the FusionAuth admin UI. See <Breadcrumb>System -> About</Breadcrumb>.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1531](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1531)
* Add a tooltip to the Webhook Application configuration to help reduce some confusion until we deprecate this Application configuration.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1542](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1542)
* Support longer Refresh Tokens on the Refresh Tokens Import API. The previous limitation was that the refresh token was less than or equal to `191` characters. The assumption was made that this token was opaque and that `191` was very adequate. Some IdPs utilize JWTs for Refresh Tokens and in this case, the length is likely to exceed the previous limitation. This enhancements allows for longer refresh tokens. In particular this will provide better support for importing Refresh Tokens from KeyCloak. See the [Import Refresh Tokens](/docs/apis/users#import-refresh-tokens) API for additional details.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1541](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1541)
* Use a better thread pooling strategy for Webhooks to better support a very large volume of events where the event recipient may not respond quickly enough. This allows more events to be queued up if we cannot send them fast enough while waiting for a response from the webhook.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1500](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1500)
* Improve licensing errors on the API and FusionAuth admin UI to better differentiate between not licensed, and a feature that requires a specific licensed feature. In particular, some of the features introduced as part of the Threat Detection feature require an Enterprise License with this feature enabled. So you may have a licensed FusionAuth plan, and a feature may still not be available. This change should make it clearer why a particular feature cannot be enabled.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1555](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1555)
* Add `tokenExpirationInstant` to the Login Response similar to how the Token endpoint response returns `expires_in` to indicate when the access token returned in the response will expire.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1309](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1309)
* Additional User API validation in support of Family configuration with child registration restrictions.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1561](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1561)
* Support for ARM 64, the Apple M1, AWS Graviton, etc. Docker images are now published for Intel, and various ARM architectures, and FastPath and other installation paths have support for downloading Java for the correct architecture.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1532](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1523), [GitHub Issue #49](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/issues/49). Thanks to many of our community superstars for the help with this one! [@rscheuermann](https://github.com/rscheuermann), [@jerryhopper](https://github.com/jerryhopper), [@ceefour](https://github.com/ceefour), [@dmitryzan](https://github.com/dmitryzan)
* Add the option to use the `userId` on the Start Two-Factor API
  ** Resolves [GitHub Issue #1571](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1571)
* Move the `changePasswordId` to the request body during a POST request. For backwards compatibility, the `changePasswordId` will also be accepted on the URL segment.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1214](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1214)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.32.1" releaseDate="December 13th, 2021" />

### Fixed
* If you are modifying the user email or username in an Identity Provider Reconcile Lambda, the lambda may be invoked more than once after the initial link has been established. This may cause User registration data to be modified, or lost. If you have not yet upgraded to this version, it is advised that you wait until you can update to version `1.32.1`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1517](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1517), thanks to [@Oceanswave](https://github.com/Oceanswave) for letting us know and for the fantastic bug write up!
* The `1.32.0` version of the Docker image was initially released with a missing Java module that may cause the image to fail during startup. An updated version of the image has been released, if you encounter an issue, please delete your local version of the image and pull it again. The issue is also resolved in this version, so you may also pull the `latest` tag once this version is available.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1518](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1518)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.32.0" releaseDate="December 10th, 2021" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

### Changed
* This version of FusionAuth will now run on Java 17. If you are using any SAML v2 IdP configurations that still utilize a legacy XML signature algorithm, this upgrade may break that integration.
  * It is recommended to test your SAML v2 IdP logins with this version prior to upgrading, or confirm that all of your IdPs are not using any of the following restricted XML signature algorithms:
    * `http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1`
    * `http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#dsa-sha1`
    * `http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#rsa-sha1`
  * See [GitHub Issue #1202](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-site/issues/1202) for additional details and an optional workaround if you are unable to discontinue use of these algorithms.

### Fixed
* The global and application registration count rollup may fail when using PostgreSQL. This will cause the registration count reports to be incorrect.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1498](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1498)
* When using the Development Reset feature (technical preview) and the FusionAuth application is configured to use a specific theme, the reset will fail.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1514](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1514)

### Enhancements
* Identity provider linking that was introduced in version 1.28.0 can now optionally be configured to limit the number of unique links to an IdP for a particular user.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1310](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1310)
* Allow application URIs to be configured as an OAuth2 Authorized request origin URLs. For example, you may now configure `android-app://com.example` as a valid Authorized request origin.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1443](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1443), thanks to [@bonify-b2b](https://github.com/bonify-b2b) for the request.
* Add configuration to allow implicit email verification to be disabled. For example, prior to this release, email based workflows such as Passwordless login, email based registration verification, email based password change, and verifying a two-factor code during login through an email would implicitly mark a user's email as verified if email verification was enabled and the user had not yet completed email verification. In most cases this seems to be the best choice for the end user such that they do not perform redundant tasks to verify their email address once they have provided evidence they have access to the email address. This configuration allows this behavior to be disabled if you wish to require your end user to always go through a specific email verification process for legal or other similar reasons.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1467](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1467), thanks to [@lliu-20200701](https://github.com/lliu-20200701) for the request.
* Add a notice on the Device workflow panel when an existing SSO session exists to allow the user to optionally logout prior to continuing.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1495](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1495)

### New
* You may optionally specify custom SMTP headers in the Tenant email configuration. These configured headers will be added to all outbound messages.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #628](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/628), thanks to [arni-inaba](https://github.com/arni-inaba) for the suggestion.

### Internal
* Java 17 LTS. Upgrade from Java 14, to the latest long term support (LTS) version of Java which is 17.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.31.0" releaseDate="November 18th, 2021" />

### Known Issues
* If you are modifying the user email or username in an Identity Provider Reconcile Lambda, the lambda may be invoked more than once after the initial link has been established. This may cause User registration data to be modified, or lost. If you have not yet upgraded to this version, it is advised that you wait until you can update to version `1.32.1`.
  * Resolved in `1.32.1` by [GitHub Issue #1517](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1517)

### Changed
* You may now modify, or fabricate an email or username in the Identity Provider Reconcile Lambda regardless of the Identity Provider type.
  * Some of this capability has been provided in the past for the OpenID Connect Identity Provider. This capability was removed in version `1.28.0` when Identity Provider Linking was introduced due to the additional use cases now supported through linking strategies. Due to high demand, and many real world use-cases presented by our users, this decision has been reversed in favor of flexibility for the developer. Please use caution when using this capability, and note that if you create or modify a `username` or `email` in the Reconcile lambda, the lambda will be invoked twice during a single login request.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1425](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1425)

### Fixed
* Requiring a birthdate on a self-service registration form when also requiring a parent email may cause an exception.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #702](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/702)
* Improvements to locale handling to expand beyond ISO 639 support to support locales such as `es_419`, `aghem` and others.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #978](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/978)
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1132](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1132)
* Disabling webhooks on the tenant configuration by clicking on the Enabled table header doesn't work as expected.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1123](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1123)
* Fix general message template issues when using the preview action for a message template, or a localized version of the template.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1171](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1171)
* An API key created using Kickstart is not validated for length correctly.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1397](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1397), thanks to [@miaucl](https://github.com/miaucl) for reporting!
* The error message returned to the end user when a webhook fails during a Self-Service Registration is not able to be customized through a theme.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1446](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1446)
* The Theme preview may not render the Account Edit themed page when a Self-Service form is configured
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1448](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1448)
* Unable to delete an email template when an email template is not assigned to a Consent.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1449](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1449)
* A timing issue exists when creating a new Application role, and then immediately attempting to register a user with that role.
  * This issue was introduced in version `1.30.2`
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1452](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1452), thanks to one of our MVPs [@johnmaia](https://github.com/johnmaia) for reporting!
* Using an expired Passwordless link may result in an infinite redirect
  * This issue was introduced in version `1.27.0` when support for Microsoft Outlook Safe Links was added via [GitHub Issue #629](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/629)
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1456](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1456), thanks to [@rscheuermann](https://github.com/rscheuermann) for the report!
* Missing validation on the Registration API to ensure the User exists by Id when passing the `userId` on the HTTP request URL segment
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1457](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1457)
* When copying a Tenant in the FusionAuth admin UI when the source Tenant has Blocked domain configuration present, the Blocked domain configuration is not copied to the new tenant.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1459](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1459)
* When using the OAuth2 Password grant (Resource Owner Credentials grant), and the `client_id` is provided in the HTTP Basic Authorization header, but not in the HTTP post body, the resulting JWT will not contain the `aud` claim.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1462](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1462)
* A database foreign key violation may occur in the Registration Count aggregation service if you delete a Tenant before the aggregator runs.
  * This issue was introduced in version `1.30.2`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1466](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1466)
* Enabling Two-Factor in the Self-Service themed forms, or in the admin UI may fail to render the QR code if the encoded string used to build the QR code is between 192 and 220 characters in length.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1470](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1470), thanks to [@jasonaowen](https://github.com/jasonaowen) for letting us know and helping us debug it!
* When a user is assigned roles explicitly through a User Registration in addition to a Group membership, the roles assigned by the Group membership will not be returned.
  * This issue was introduced in version `1.30.2` vi [GitHub Issue #480](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/480)
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1473](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1473)
* When using the Setup Password email template provided by FusionAuth with the User Registration API to create a User and a Registration in a single API call the URL generated and sent to the user may not be usable. A `client_id` will have been added to the URL which will result in an error when the FusionAuth page is rendered. To work around the issue prior to this release, please remove the `client_id` from the Email template.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1476](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1476)
* A SAML v2 SP using an HTTP Redirect Binding that has URL encoded the query string using lower case percent encoding may cause FusionAuth to fail to validate the signature.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1496](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1496), thanks to engineering team at [HAProxy](https://www.haproxy.com) for the assist!

### Enhancements
* You may now access the `id_token` when available during an OpenID Connect Reconcile lambda
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #323](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/323), thanks to [@Thammada](https://github.com/Thammada) for opening the issue!
* Add additional support for `idp_hint` for Apple and Twitter Identity Providers.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1306](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1306)
* Add an example use and changed user to the Audit Log Test event when using the Webhook Tester in the FusionAuth admin UI
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1360](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1360)
* When FusionAuth is unable to discover OpenID endpoints using the configured Issuer during configuration of an OpenID Connect Identity Provider an Event Log will be produced to assist you in debugging the connection.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1417](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1417)

### Internal
* Update the internal scheduler library.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1461](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1461)



<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.30.2" releaseDate="October 13th, 2021" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

### Fixed
* When logging in with an anonymous user from an IdP that now has a linking strategy other than Anonymous an exception occurs. This can occur if you change your linking strategy from Anonymous to something else, and users that were created while configured as Anonymous log in again.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1316](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1316)
* The view dialog may not completely render for an SAML v2 IdP Initiated IdP configuration. The dialog fails to completely render due to a FreeMarker exception.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1324](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1324)
* If you are activating FusionAuth Reactor during initial startup via Kickstart, and you have CAPTCHA enabled for the FusionAuth admin application, you may not be able to login until the Threat Detection feature comes online. Depending upon your network connection, this may take a few seconds, or a few minutes.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1358](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1358)
* The .NET client library handled `exp` and other JWT timestamp values incorrectly.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1362](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1362), thanks to [@RyanDennis2018](https://github.com/RyanDennis2018) for reporting.
* When using the duplicate Application button in the admin UI, if the source Application has SAML v2 configured, but not enabled, the copy may fail with an exception.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1366](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1366)
* Updating a connector will add an additional `*` domain configuration. This is a regression issue introduced in version `1.28.0`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1367](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1367)
* When generating an RSA Key, a user cannot specify a certain Id.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1368](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1368)
* If using kickstart to activate a licensed instance with advanced threat detection enabled, it is possible to get stuck in the Setup Wizard.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1369](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1369)
* A user can add new entries to an access control list, but can't delete them using the administrative user interface.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1371](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1371)
* Default lambdas are no longer available in Kickstart environment variables. This is a regression introduced in version `1.30.0`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1373](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1373)
* The event payload for a user deactivation was not complete when the deactivation happened via the administrative user interface. It lacked some information such as the IP address of the request.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1375](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1375)
* When both Kickstart and maintenance mode occur during an upgrade, a NullPointerException could occur if the default tenant Id was being modified.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1382](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1382)
* The IP address can be missing from login records in certain circumstances.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1391](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1391)
* Requests with IPv6 addresses cause NumberFormatExceptions.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1392](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1392)
* CAPTCHA may not work on the email verification required page.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1396](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1396)
* Rendering the passwordValidationRules object on the register page in theme preview does not work.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1398](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1398)
* User search widget has an empty value if the user does not have a name.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1399](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1399)
* Filling out a CAPTCHA through self service registration or other paths does not save device trust; the user will be prompted a second time.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1400](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1400)
* Setup Wizard may be shown in a multi-node environment after it has completed.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1402](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1402)
* When using advanced threat detection rate limiting, users are unable to set the rate limit configuration to 1 to allow a limited action be performed only once.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1407](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1407)
* Custom data for webhooks not displayed in the admin UI.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1422](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1422)
* A truncated deflated SAML AuthN request was not handled as well as it should have been.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1424](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1424)
* Some key pairs capable of signing a SAML request are not eligible in the UI.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1430](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1430)
* Custom data for connectors not displayed in the admin UI.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1435](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1435)

### Enhancements
* When using MySQL with a large number of applications, and application roles, it may become slow to retrieve a user. This change should improve performance when using MySQL.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #480](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/480), thanks to [@nikos](https://github.com/nikos) and David B. for the assist!
* Improve the performance of using the Public Key API endpoint when you have a lot of applications and keys.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1145](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1145), thanks to [@nulian](https://github.com/nulian) for reporting, and [@Johpie](https://github.com/Johpie) for the additional debug.
* Display the database version and elastic search versions in the administrative user interface.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1390](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1390)
* Improve User and Registration API performance at scale.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1415](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1415)
* Try to support SAML POST bindings with SSO even when cookie `SameSite` policy is set to `SameSite=Lax`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1426](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1426)
* Add a default NameID format when one is not provided on SAML AuthN or Logout requests.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1428](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1428)

### Internal

* Update Apache Tomcat from `8.5.63` to `8.5.72`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1433](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1433)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.30.1" releaseDate="August 25th, 2021" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

### Known Issues
* Registration counts may fail to be rolled up into reports when using PostgreSQL. Updating to `1.30.2` should resolve the issue.
  * Resolved in `1.32.0` by [GitHub Issue #1498](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1498)
* A potential memory leak was introduced in this version. Updating to `1.33.0` should resolve the issue, if you are unable to upgrade, restarting the service periodically can mitigate this potential issue.
  * Resolved in `1.33.0` by [GitHub Issue #1548](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1548)

### Fixed
* The Text MIME type of an email may not render Unicode correctly when the host system does not have `UTF-8` set as the default character set.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1122](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1122), thanks to [@soullivaneuh](https://github.com/soullivaneuh) for the report!
* Unable to assign an IP ACL to an application if one is not already assigned to the tenant.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1349](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1349)
* Unable to delete an IP ACL in use by a tenant
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1350](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1350)

### Enhancements
* General performance improvements for login, OAuth2 grants, and user create and registration.
* Add the User Two Factor methods to the Elasticsearch index.
  * If you have existing users with Two-Factor enabled, you will want to perform a re-index in order to search on two-factor configuration.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1352](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1352), thanks to one of our favorite FusionAuth users [@flangfeldt](https://github.com/flangfeldt) for making the request.

### Internal
* Performance improvements


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.30.0" releaseDate="August 12th, 2021" />

<GeneralMigrationWarning>
Features that require the Threat Detection feature:
- CAPTCHA
- Domain blocking in registration
- IP access control lists
- IP location
- Some of the new events and transactional emails
- Rate limiting
</GeneralMigrationWarning>


<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

### Known Issues
* If you are referencing any Reconcile Lambda Ids using the syntax `FUSIONAUTH_LAMBDA{type}_ID` - this may no longer work due to a change in how these default lambdas are initialized.
  * The current work around is to modify your kickstart to build your own version of this lambda instead of using the FusionAuth default.
  * You will find a copy of the default lambdas shipped with FusionAuth in the [Lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/) documentation that you may use to copy into your kickstart.
  * The issue is being tracked here [GitHub Issue #1373](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1373)

### Fixed
* Unable to enable `user.action` event at the tenant using the UI. If you encounter this issue, you may work around it by using the Tenant API.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1307](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1307)
* If you make an API request to `/api/two-factor/login` with an empty JSON body, an exception will occur instead of a validation error being returned with a `400` status code.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1330](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1330)
* When using an IdP with a linking mode other than Create Pending Link, the token may not correctly be stored. If you previously had been using the token stored on the User Registration, and are now looking for it in the Identity Provider Link, you may not find it. This fix resolves the issue.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1341](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1341)
* When you are using FusionAuth as a SAML v2 IdP with Redirect bindings, you were unable to use idp_hint to bypass the login page to federate to another provider.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1331](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1331)


### Changed
* New themed page added for Unauthorized access.
  * See the [Theme](/docs/apis/themes) API and the [Theme](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/) documentation for additional details.
* A macro available to themes named `[@helpers.input]` was modified to be able to build a checkbox. This change could affect you if you try to copy and paste the checkbox usage without modifying the macro definition in your Helper file. Review the [Upgrading](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/advanced-themes#upgrading) section for information on how to resolve potential breaking changes.

### New
* JWT Vending machine
  * This allows a JWT to be created for a not-yet-existing user with a payload defined by the API caller.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #525](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/525)
* FusionAuth wasn't awesome enough, so we added a robust Threat Detection feature for enterprise customers. This feature includes:
* IP Access Control for API keys
  * This allows support for an API key to be further restricted by the origin IP address.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #933](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/933)
* IP Access Control for SSO and self service forms
  * This allows you to limit access to the FusionAuth SSO or a particular application login through SSO by IP address
* Blocked domain configuration to limit registrations from specific email domains
* Rate limiting per user for the following requests:
  * Failed login (only used if Failed Login configuration is not in use)
  * Forgot password
  * Send email verification
  * Send passwordless
  * Send registration verification
  * Send two-factor
* CAPTCHA - add CAPTCHA to login and other end user forms to help ensure only humans are submitting forms.
  * This feature is in tech preview and is subject to change.
  * Support for Google ReCaptcha v2, Google ReCaptcha v3, HCaptcha and HCaptcha Enterprise
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #278](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/278)
* IP location.
  * When possible, an IP address will be resolved to include city, country, region, zip code, longitude and latitude.
  * IP location will be included in login records and will be available in some email templates and webhook events
  * Used to calculate impossible travel between login locations
* New Webhook events:
  * Audit Log Create `audit-log.create`
  * Event Log Create `event-log.create`
  * Kickstart Success `kickstart.success`
  * User Create Complete `user.create.complete`
  * User Delete Complete `user.delete.complete`
  * User Update Complete `user.update.complete`
  * User LoginId Duplicate On Create `user.loginId.duplicate.create`
  * User LoginId Duplicate Update `user.loginId.duplicate.update`
  * User Email Update `user.email.update`
  * User Login New Device `user.login.new-device`
  * User Login Suspicious `user.login.suspicious`
  * User Password Reset Success `user.password.reset.success`
  * User Password Reset Send `user.password.reset.send`
  * User Password Reset Start `user.password.reset.start`
  * User Password Update `user.password.update`
  * User Registration Create Complete `user.registration.create.complete`
  * User Registration Delete Complete `user.registration.delete.complete`
  * User Registration Update Complete `user.registration.update.complete`
  * User Two Factor Method Added `user.two-factor.method.add`
  * User Two Factor Method Removed `user.two-factor.method.remove`
  * See the [Event Webhooks](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/) documentation for additional details.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1308](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1308), thanks to [@adoliver](https://github.com/adoliver) for the suggestion!
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1178](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1178)
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1128](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1128)
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1129](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1129)
* New transactional emails:
  * Email update
  * Login Id duplicate on create
  * Login Id duplicate on update
  * Login with new device
  * Suspicious login
  * Password reset success
  * Password update
  * Two-factor method added
  * Two-factor method removed

### Enhancements
* Search on `oldValue`, `newValue` and `reason` in the Audit Log.
  * See the [Audit Log Search](/docs/apis/audit-logs#search-the-audit-log) API for additional details on searching on `oldValue`, `newValue` and `reason` in the audit log.
* When using IdP linking in conjunction with the Oauth2 Device grant, the recently completed links will be available on the Device complete themed page by using the `completedLinks` variable.
  * See the [Device Complete](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/advanced-themes/template-variables#oauth-device-complete) themed page documentation for additional details.
* More themed pages will have access to the currently logged in user using the `currentUser` variable.
  * See the [Theme](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/) documentation for additional details.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.29.4" releaseDate="August 12th, 2021" />

### Fixed
* When a user is required to complete registration after login, the user may no longer be able to login w/out a password reset. This is a regression from version 1.28.0, and only affects those using self-service registration that will have existing users that do not have all required fields on their account.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1344](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1344), thanks to [@flangfeldt](https://github.com/flangfeldt) for reporting the issue


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.29.3" releaseDate="August 6th, 2021" />

### Fixed
* A `404` may be returned when attempting to update a user with `PUT` or `PATCH` on the User API if the user has an unverified email and email verification has been disabled.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1333](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1333)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.29.2" releaseDate="July 31st, 2021" />

### Fixed
* When using a SAML v2 IdP that does not send back a `KeyInfo` element in the XML response, an exception may occur when attempting to parse the response.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1332](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1332)



<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.29.1" releaseDate="July 26th, 2021" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

### Fixed
* In a multi-tenant configuration, SSO sessions may be pre-maturely terminated if one tenant has a lower TTL configuration than the other tenants. To work around this issue prior to this release, ensure all SSO TTL configurations are equal.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1262](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1262)
* The arg names in the `LambdaType` enum were not all correct.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1284](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1284)
* An IdP Debug event log may not get produced when a unique Id could not be resolved.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1315](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1315)
* When enabling the SAML v2 IdP debug log an exception may be taken when attempting to produce the debug event log. The result is that the debug log will not be produced.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1317](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1317)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.29.0" releaseDate="July 10th, 2021" />

### Fixed
* When viewing the theme preview for the `oauth2/start-idp-link.ftl` template, and error may be logged.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1276](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1276)
* When a webhook transaction fails to create a user or registration on a themed page, a non-themed error page may be displayed
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1279](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1279)

### Enhancements
* Enhance the Link API to retrieve a user by a 3rd party unique Id to identify a FusionAuth user is linked to the user. See the [Link](/docs/apis/identity-providers/links) API for additional details.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1277](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1277)
* During a device link request which contains a device linking token, show an intermediate page asking the user if they would like to sign in with an existing user or create a new user.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1287](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1287)
* Allow the IdP Login API to optionally be passed a request parameter to indicate a link should not be established and a `404` should be returned instead. This is useful if you wish to identify if a link exists first before starting an auxiliary workflow such as a device grant with a linking token. See the [Login](/docs/apis/identity-providers/) API for additional details.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1288](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1288)
* Add additional configuration to the unique username configuration to support always appending a suffix even when the username is not in use. See the [Tenant](/docs/apis/tenants) API for additional details.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1290](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1290)
* Add an additional debug event log when for the SAML IdP to debug the `AuthN` request sent to the SAML IdP
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1293](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1293)
* In version `1.28.0` the resolution of the value returned by the SAML v2 IdP in the `NameID` was modified. If the IdP returns a format of `unspecified` with a value of `email` then after upgrading to version `1.28.0` your SAML IdP will not function properly. Ideally you would ask your IdP to return you a NameID format of `emailAddress`, but if that is not possible this enhancement will allow FusionAuth to accept the value returned in the `NameID` if the format is returned as `unspecified`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1294](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1294)
* Instead of logging FreeMarker exceptions to the system log and producing a stack trace that may end up in the UI, an event log will be produced. The message in the UI will be condensed based upon the runtime mode. When in `development` mode some details will be provided to assist in debugging your themed template. If in `production` runtime mode only a message indicating an error occurred will be displayed to the user.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1299](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1299)

### Internal
* Update HikariCP from `3.4.1` to `4.0.3`, and update PostgreSQL JDBC driver from `42.2.14` to `42.2.22`
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1300](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1300)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.28.1" releaseDate="June 21st, 2021" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

### Fixed
* Allow self-consent form field on a self-service form.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1258](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1258)
* Correct validation of a consent form field on edit. Control type was failing validation on edit.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1260](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1260)
* An imported user requiring password change, and email verification may fail to verify email verification with an email verification gate.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1265](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1265)
* Better parsing of the `X-Fowarded-For` HTTP request header. This header may contain one to many IP addresses, and only the first value should be preserved for the login record. Prior to this fix, it would be possible to see a login record that contained multiple IP addresses separated by a comma.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1267](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1267)
* Correctly show the Verification URL in the OAuth2 configuration when the `Device` grant is selected. This issue was introduced in `1.28.0`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1268](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1268)
* Use the correct FusionAuth redirect URL when using the Sony PlayStation Network IdP.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1269](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1269)
* Use the correct FusionAuth redirect URL when using the Steam IdP. This IdP uses an Implicit grant and should be using the `/oauth2/callback/implicit` callback URL.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1272](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1272)
* Allow the Epic Games IdP to function properly when omitting the `scope` configuration property.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1273](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1273)

### Tech Preview
* You may optionally start an account link when beginning a Device grant.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1274](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1274)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.28.0" releaseDate="June 7rd, 2021" />

<GeneralMigrationWarning warning_message="The FusionAuth identity providers have undergone a significant improvement to add additional flexibility and support for 3rd parties. Please take time to test this upgrade with your existing configuration to ensure compatibility. Some of the features in this release are in tech-preview." />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning warning_message="The FusionAuth identity providers have undergone a significant improvement to add additional flexibility and support for 3rd parties. Please take time to test this upgrade with your existing configuration to ensure compatibility. Some of the features in this release are in tech-preview." />

### Known Issues
* If you are using self-service registration there is a possibility that a user may be required to complete registration by adding additional fields to their account after they login. In this scenario it is possible that they will no longer be able to login and will be required to reset their password. The fix for this was added in `1.29.4`.
  * Fixed in `1.29.4`, under [GitHub Issue #1344](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1344), thanks to [@flangfeldt](https://github.com/flangfeldt) for reporting the issue
* If you are using the [SAML v2 Populate Lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/samlv2-response-populate) or the [SAML v2 Reconcile Lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/reconcile/samlv2-response-reconcile) the `NameID` field has been changed to an array. You will need to update your lambda code if you are using this field.

### Changed
* You may no longer build a synthetic email address using a lambda for an OpenID Connect identity provider. This has been removed because you may now link a user by username or create a link w/out a username or an email to an existing FusionAuth user. If you are using this feature, you may need to plan for a migration to this new behavior. If you have a support contract with FusionAuth, please reach out and ask for additional information.
* When using FusionAuth as a SAML IdP, FusionAuth will now accept `urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:nameid-format:persistent` in addition to `urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.1:nameid-format:emailAddress`. This should allow FusionAuth to work with SAML v2 service providers that only support the persistent NameID format.
* Tokens returned by IdPs are no longer stored on the User Registration object in the `tokens` field. Each token is now stored with the IdP link for the User and the IdP. See the [Link](/docs/apis/identity-providers/links) API for additional details.

### New
* Reindex API
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1232](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1232)
  * See the [Reindex](/docs/apis/system#rebuild-the-elasticsearch-index) API for usage.
* Account Link API
  * This API will allow you to link and un-link users in 3rd party identity providers with a FusionAuth user.
  * See the [Link](/docs/apis/identity-providers/links) API for usage.
* IdP Linking options
  * Each Identity Provider may now be configured with a linking strategy. The strategies will include linking by email, username, anonymous or a link to an existing user.
  * Linking by username is now supported. There is a higher risk of account takeover using this strategy, you should use caution when using this feature.
  * Tokens from identity providers should now be retrieved from the link, rather than the registration. More information can be found under `identityProviderLink.token` response value [here](/docs/apis/identity-providers/links#retrieve-a-link)
* Email Send API allows an email address in the To field instead of only allowing FusionAuth userIds
  * See the [Email Send](/docs/apis/emails#send-an-email) API for additional details.
* SAML Identity Provider can now be configured to use any NameID format. Previously only the Email NameID format was utilized.
  * This should allow the SAML identity provider configuration to be more flexible and work with additional SAML identity providers.

### Enhanced
* When FusionAuth is acting as a SAML Identity Provider, you may now send a NameID format of Email or Persistent.
  * This should allow FusionAuth to work with additional SAML service providers such as Slack.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #522](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/522)
* The [Email Send](/docs/apis/emails#send-an-email) API now allows you to send to a user that does not yet exist in FusionAuth by allowing you to specify an email address for the `To:` field.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #743](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/743)
  * See the  [Email Send](/docs/apis/login) API for additional details.
* The Facebook and Google Identity Providers will now default to using a redirect instead of a popup for login. All existing configurations will be migrated to use the popup dialog to remain consistent with the previous behavior. With this update you may now also use the `idp_hint` parameter to login with Facebook and Google.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #909](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/909)
* Additional PKCE and Client Authentication configuration
  * You may now optionally configure PKCE as required, not required, or required when not using a confidential client. This offers better compatibility when multiple client types (a webapp and a mobile app, for example) are authenticating against a single FusionAuth application.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1152](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1152)
* Add the currently selected Two Factor method object to the Themed Two Factor page `/oauth2/two-factor`
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1237](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1237), thanks to one of our MVPs - [@flangfeldt](https://github.com/flangfeldt) for the suggestion!
* Allow using IdP buttons on the Themed registration page
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #554](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/554), thanks to [@gordody](https://github.com/gordody) for the request!
* When using email verification required with the gated configuration, optionally send the user another email before entering the gated page if the user does not have an existing verification email that is not expired.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1247](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1247), thanks to [@lliu-20200701](https://github.com/lliu-20200701) for the suggestion.

### Fixed
* Do not add the `NotBefore` assertion on the SAML AuthN response on the subject confirmation.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1215](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1215), thanks to [@pakomp](https://github.com/pakomp) for pointing out this issue!
* When importing users with `passwordChangeRequired=true` w/out specifying the change reason an exception may occur during login.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1245](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1245), thanks to [@lliu-20200701](https://github.com/lliu-20200701) for finding this bug.
* When using the email verification gate and self-service registration if a user requires their email to be verified and is forced through the complete registration flow they will not be correctly gated.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1246](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1246), thanks to [@lliu-20200701](https://github.com/lliu-20200701) for reporting!
* Fix a JavaScript bug that may cause some of the themed pages to render incorrectly in the view window.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1228](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1228), thanks to [@flangfeldt](https://github.com/flangfeldt) for reporting!

### Tech Preview
* New IdPs for EpicGames, Nintendo, Sony PlayStation Network, Steam, Twitch, Xbox - see [link](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/identity-providers) for more information
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1205](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1205) - Sony PlayStation Network
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1206](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1206) - Nintendo
  ** Note, the Nintendo IdP is not yet fully functional. This will be completed in a patch release.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1207](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1207) - Twitch
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1208](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1208) - Steam
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1209](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1209) - Epic Games
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1210](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1210) - Xbox
* Development kickstart reset. When you are running in `development` runtime mode, you'll see a `Reset` menu item in the System navigation menu.
  * See <Breadcrumb>System -> Reset</Breadcrumb>
* There is now a JWT populate lambda for the Client Credentials grant. See [link](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/client-credentials-jwt-populate) for more information.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1233](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1233)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.27.2" releaseDate="May 10th, 2021" />

### Changed
* In version `1.26.0` the ability to use `user.data.email` for Forgot Password and Passwordless login flows was removed. Support for this behavior has been restored in this patch.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1204](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1204), thanks to [@mcs](https://github.com/mcs) for letting us know how this change impacted his usage.

### Fixed
* When building a new theme starting with 1.27.0, you may encounter a JavaScript error during page render. This error should not cause any end user failures, but the login may not properly capture the browser type.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1216](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1216)



<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.27.1" releaseDate="May 7th, 2021" />

### Fixed
* When migrating from 1.26.0 or earlier to version 1.27.0 the initial render of the add Tenant panel in the admin UI may fail to render. If you encounter this issue, you may upgrade or edit the FusionAuth tenant first and then try the request again.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1196](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1196)
* Make the verification flow simpler when you enable both email and registration verification during self-service registration.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1198](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1198)
* The view dialog for the SAML v2 IdP Initiated configuration may not render correctly.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1200](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1200)
* When configuring the SAML v2 IdP Initiated Login configuration for an IdP that has a `issuer` that is not a URL the configuration will fail because we are expecting a URL for this field.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1203](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1203)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.27.0" releaseDate="May 5th, 2021" />


<GeneralMigrationWarning warning_message="Some of the features in this release are in tech-preview. Please give us feedback and let us know how they work for you!" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning warning_message="Some of the features in this release are in tech-preview. Please give us feedback and let us know how they work for you!" />

### Changed
* Login API now returns `213` for Registration Not Verified.
  * See the [Login](/docs/apis/login) API response for additional details.
* The Login API and the User API may optionally return a `emailVerificationId` or `registrationVerificationId` to assist the developer in completing a verification workflow when the verification strategy has been configured to use a short code instead of a long "clickable" link.
  * See the [Login](/docs/apis/login) API response for additional details.
* The Verify Email API now takes the `verificationId` in the request body instead of a URL segment. See the [Verify Email](/docs/apis/users#verify-a-users-email) API for additional details.
  * This change is backwards compatible, but the deprecated use of the API may be removed in the future.
  * The client libraries methods have also been preserved, but a new method has been added to accept a request body.
* The Verify Registration API now takes the `verificationId` in the request body instead of a URL segment.
  * This change is backwards compatible, but the deprecated use of the API may be removed in the future.
  * The client libraries methods have also been preserved, but a new method has been added to accept a request body.
* When calling `PUT` on the Login API (ping) the response may optionally return an `emailVerificationId` or `registrationVerificationId` to assist the developer in completing a verification workflow when the verification strategy has been configured to use a short code instead of a long "clickable" link.
  * See the Login API response for additional details.
* The User API and Registration API may optionally return an `emailVerificationId` or a map of registration verification Ids to assist the developer in completing a verification workflow when the verification strategy has been configured to use a short code instead of a long "clickable" link.
  * See the User and Registration API response examples for additional details.

### Fixed
* CleanSpeak username filtering may not always work when using advanced self-service registration forms with only one step.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1158](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1158)
* Link to SAML v2 IdP Initiated Add in the admin UI was missing. See GH issue for a work around.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1181](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1181)
* Fixes for the new API Key API - usages in the admin UI. Allow the admin UI to upgrade and downgrade API keys for Key Manager.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1174](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1174)

### Tech Preview
* Application Themes. You may optionally assign a theme per application which will then be utilize instead of the tenant configuration.
  * [GitHub Issue #769](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/769)
* Email verification gate. When using the FusionAuth themed pages, you may force a user to verify their email address before being redirected back to your application.
  * [GitHub Issue #1191](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1191)
* Configurable verification strategies to use an interactive form instead of a clickable link.
  * May require a change to your email template, see the updated Email Verification documentation for additional details.
  * [GitHub Issue #1191](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1191)
* Unique usernames. Allow more than one user to select the same username and allow FusionAuth to manage a unique suffix.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1190](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1190)

### New
* Product Version API.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1193](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1193)
  * Thanks to [@jegger](https://github.com/jegger) for the request!
  * See [Version](/docs/apis/system#retrieve-system-version) API for additional details or find `retrieveVersion` in your FusionAuth client library.

### Enhancements
* Try to support Microsoft Outlook Safe Links
  * Hopefully 🤞 resolves [GitHub Issue #629](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/629)
* Support HTTP Basic Auth using an API key for the Prometheus Metrics endpoint added in 1.26.0.
  * See Prometheus endpoint documentation for additional details on authenticating this endpoint.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1189](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1189)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.26.1" releaseDate="April 20th, 2021" />

### Fixed
* If you use a non default theme for the FusionAuth default tenant, you may see an error when trying to log in to the admin UI after upgrading to version 1.25.0. You can workaround this by appending `?&bypassTheme=true` to your login URL, or append `/admin/` to your base FusionAuth URL to log into the admin UI.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1175](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1175).

### Known Issues
* You cannot create a "SAML v2 IdP Initiated" Identity Provider in the admin UI; it isn't present in the "Add Identity Providers" dropdown. You can workaround this by entering the URL to add an Identity Provider manually: `\[GitHub Issue #1181](https://auth.example.com/admin/identity-provider/add/SAMLv2IdPInitiated` (append `/admin/identity-provider/add/SAMLv2IdPInitiated` to your FusionAuth base URL). Tracking in https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1181).



<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.26.0" releaseDate="April 20th, 2021" />

<GeneralMigrationWarning >
Lots of changes ahead! Read carefully to see how this release may affect you.

**Two Factor APIs**

Breaking changes. If you use this functionality, please review the API changes and test before upgrading.
The Two-Factor API, two-factor fields on the User and Import User APIs and the Integrations API have changed and are not backwards compatible. If you use this functionality, please review the API changes and test before upgrading.

**Upgrading from &lt; 1.7.0**

If you are upgrading from a version less than 1.7.0, you must do a two stage upgrade. Upgrade to a version greater than or equal to 1.7.0 but less than 1.26.0, then upgrade from that version to 1.26.0. There were internal migration changes which necessitate this two stage process.

**Accessing the admin Login after upgrading:**

The `/` path of FusionAuth no longer automatically forwards to the admin login. To access the admin UI to complete this configuration append `/admin/` to the URL. Once the theme configuration is complete, this root page will contain links to login and instructions on how to utilize this root landing page.
</GeneralMigrationWarning>

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

### Known Issues
* If you use a non default theme for the FusionAuth default tenant, you may see an error when trying to log in to the admin UI. You can workaround this by appending `?&bypassTheme=true` to your login URL.
  * Resolved in `1.26.1`, see [GitHub Issue #1175](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1175) for additional details.

### Changed

* The Two-Factor API has changed which allows you to enable and disable Two-Factor methods as well as send codes.
  * See the [Two-Factor](/docs/apis/two-factor) API for more details.
* The Two-Factor Login API now returns `409` for too many attempts. This allows the Two-Factor Login API to provide the same locking capability as the Login API when too many failed attempts occur.
  * See the [Two-Factor Login](/docs/apis/login#complete-multi-factor-authentication) API for more details.
* The Import API has changed for enabling Two-Factor.
  * See the [User Import](/docs/apis/users#import-users) API for changes.
* The User API has changed for enabling and disabling Two-Factor. See the [User](/docs/apis/users) API for changes.
  * See the [User](/docs/apis/users) API for changes.
* Email and SMS Two-Factor methods will now require a paid FusionAuth plan. [Learn more about paid plans](/pricing).
  * If you are only using Authenticator/TOTP for Two-Factor, this functionality will continue to work properly in the Community plan.
* If you are upgrading from a version less than 1.7.0, you must do a two stage upgrade. Upgrade to a version greater than or equal to 1.7.0 but less than 1.26.0, then upgrade from that version to 1.26.0. There were internal migration changes which necessitate this two stage process.

### Fixed
* You can now delete a user registration for an inactive application
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1148](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1148)
* Spurious text `[object Object]` on FusionAuth admin UI screen when certain Chrome extensions present.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1151](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/887). Thanks to [@NikolayMetchev](https://github.com/NikolayMetchev) for filing this.

### Tech Preview
* Entity Management
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #881](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/881)

### New
* Prometheus Metrics endpoint
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #362](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/362)
* IdP initiated SSO
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #566](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/566)
* An API key to create API keys!
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #887](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/887). Thanks to [@Tintwo](https://github.com/Tintwo) for filing this.
* Portions of [GitHub Issue #960](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/960) were delivered, including features such as:
  * Two-Factor step-up API
  * SMS Two-Factor with configurable delivery methods
  * Localized Message Templates which can be used for SMS Two-Factor messages
* Self service user profile page
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #682](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/682)
* Themeable root page
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #378](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/378)
* Messengers which are used to send SMS messages through Twilio, Kafka or a generic JSON REST API
* Licensing now supports air-gapped deployments
* Client Credentials grant
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #155](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/155)

### Enhancements
* Add IP address to login success and failed events.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1162](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1162)



<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.25.0" releaseDate="March 10th, 2021" />


<GeneralMigrationWarning warning_message="SAML v2 Logout is now fully supported. No action should be required. If you are currently using FusionAuth as a SAML v2 IdP, please verify your configuration as you may want to provide additional configuration to take full advantage of the SAML v2 Logout configuration. The additional of SAML v2 Logout means there is a new themed page to manage the user experience for SAML v2 Logout. Please review your theme to ensure your user experience is not interrupted. See additional details in the New section below." />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning warning_message="SAML v2 Logout is now fully supported. No action should be required. If you are currently using FusionAuth as a SAML v2 IdP, please verify your configuration as you may want to provide additional configuration to take full advantage of the SAML v2 Logout configuration. The additional of SAML v2 Logout means there is a new themed page to manage the user experience for SAML v2 Logout. Please review your theme to ensure your user experience is not interrupted. See additional details in the New section below." />

### Changed
* In support of the SAML v2 Logout feature, the following theme changes have been made.
  * New themed template `SAMLv2 logout template`. This template will be rendered when you utilize the SAML v2 Logout feature, it is nearly identical to the existing OAuth2 logout themed page. If you are using themes, please review your theme to ensure your user experience is not interrupted.

### Fixed
* If you are using Elasticsearch version 6 you may encounter an error when using the Search API. This is due to a change in how we optionally request the document hit count in the search request to Elasticsearch. The change is not compatible with Elasticsearch version 6. As a work around, you can set `accurateTotal=true` in the API request. See the [User Search](/docs/apis/users#search-for-users) API for additional details on using this parameter.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1135](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1135)
* Using the HTTP `PATCH` method on the FusionAuth application may produce erroneous validation errors.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1110](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1110)
* Adding additional Java options in the configuration file when the value contains a space may not work correctly.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1065](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1065)
* A `NullPointerException` may occur when you have users registered for an application in a non default tenant and you create a login report for only that application. Thanks to [@NikolayMetchev](https://github.com/NikolayMetchev) for filing this.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1115](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1115)
* When you omit the `state` parameter on the Authorization request, you may receive a `state` parameter on the `redirect_uri` that you did not expect.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1113](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1113)

### New
* Add full support for SAML v2 Logout
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1137](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1137)

### Enhancements
* Add a button to the Sessions tab in the FusionAuth admin UI to delete all user sessions at once, this action is also available from the drop down action list when managing a user.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1094](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1094)
* Add Debug to OAuth2 grants, this will primarily assist in debugging the Authorization Code grant auth code exchange with the Token endpoint.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #781](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/781)
* Add CORS Debug, this will assist you in debugging CORS related `403` HTTP status codes.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1126](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1126)
* Better SMTP debug for specific scenarios. This should assist with async connection issues and provide context to the tenant and template being rendered during the exception.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1064](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1064)
* Allow the Registration API to accept the `applicationId` as a URL segment
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1127](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1127)
* Twitter IdP Login API can optionally accept an access token. When building your own login page, if you complete the initial step with Twitter and utilize the `oauth_verifier` to perform some initial processing of the Twitter user, you may now still send the access token in the form of `oauth_token` and `oauth_token_secret` to FusionAuth to complete the login. This is done by omitting the `oauth_verifier` on the Login request. See [Complete the Twitter Login](/docs/apis/identity-providers/twitter#complete-the-twitter-login) for additional information.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1073](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1073)
* When Key Master generates a `kid` because one is not provided on the request, if there is a public key, generate the `kid` as a JWK thumbprint instead of a randomly generated value.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1136](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1136)
* When using the Search feature in the FusionAuth admin UI, once you begin searching using a specific term or any of the advanced controls, the pagination result total will be an accurate representation of the number of matches returned by Elasticsearch. When no search criteria is provided, the number of matches will cap at the default value of 10,000 and the pagination results will indicate 10,000+ which means at least 10,000 users match the search criteria.

### Internal
* Upgrade Tomcat from version `8.5.57` to `8.5.63`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1119](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1119)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.24.0" releaseDate="February 11th, 2021" />

### Known Issues
* If you are using Elasticsearch version 6 you may encounter an error when using the Search API. This is due to a change in how we optionally request the document hit count in the search request to Elasticsearch. The change is not compatible with Elasticsearch version 6. As a work around, you can set `accurateTotal=true` in the API request.
  * Resolved in `1.25.0`, see [GitHub Issue #1135](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1135) for additional details.

### Security
* More consistent usage of the `Cache-Control` HTTP response header. The default for all pages will be `Cache-Control: no-cache`, and some pages that may contain potentially sensitive information such as the API key add, edit or index pages will use a `Cache-Control: no-store`. No known vulnerability exists with the previous behavior, this is just a proactive change to limit the possible mis-use of cached pages in the FusionAuth admin UI.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1103](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1103)
* A vulnerability in an underlying SAML v2 library was resolved. If you are using SAML please upgrade FusionAuth to 1.24.0 or later as soon as possible.
  * [CVE-2021-27736](https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-27736)
  * [CSNC-2021-004](https://www.compass-security.com/fileadmin/Research/Advisories/2021-03_CSNC-2021-004_FusionAuth_SAML_Library_XML_External_Entity.txt)

### Changed

* The `applicationId` and `roles` claims are no longer returned in the `id_token` issued when requesting the `openid` scope. The `id_token` should not be used for authorization, this change makes it less likely to mis-use this token. If you have a requirement for these claims (you shouldn't), you can add them back by using a JWT Populate lambda. See [Id Token claims](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/tokens#id-token) for additional information.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1102](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1102)

### Fixed
* When using the Add or Edit Identity Provider forms in the admin UI, if you have ~2,000 or more applications it is possible for the form request to be truncated by the underlying application server. This error is caused by the maximum number of request parameters being exceeded. This form in particular, along with the Group Add/Edit and Webhook Add/Edit contains a number of fields that is a function of the number of applications configured. An informational error may be written to the system log indicating this truncation has occurred, but no hard error would have occurred. The symptom will be that depending upon your configuration, a portion of it may be lost during this form submit. The entry in the log will contain this message `org.apache.tomcat.util.http.Parameters.processParameters More than the maximum number of request parameters (GET plus POST) for a single request ([10,000]) were detected. Any parameters beyond this limit have been ignored.`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1057](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1057)
* When you have registered a custom plugin for password hashing, using the View Tenant dialog may fail to render.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1063](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1063)
* Unable to remove a User from a Group using the admin UI dialog. This was a regression issue introduced in version 1.23.0.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1081](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1081)
* If a user was not currently in the Elasticsearch index, the user delete request may fail.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1088](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1088)
* The JWT returned from the Register API when you are creating a User and a Registration in one request may not contain the `roles` claim. This occurs when you do not assign the roles explicitly on the request, and instead are using default role assignment in the application configuration.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1106](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1106)
* Updating a User that has existing group memberships may no longer be searchable in Elasticsearch by their Group memberships until the next time the user logs into FusionAuth.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1087](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1087)
* A Kafka Producer configuration that contains an equals sign `=` in the property value will fail to parse. This was identified in attempting to configure credentials to connect to CloudKarafka.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1107](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1107), thanks to [@chris-bridges](/community/forum/user/chris-bridges) for letting us know!

### Enhancements
* Support a Kickstart file with only a `licenseId`. Previously at least one API key was required because the intent of Kickstart is to call one or more APIs. While there is not a very practical use case for only providing a `licenseId` and no API requests,  this minimal configuration will no longer fail indicating an API key is required. See [Set your License Id](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/kickstart#set-your-license-id) in the [Kickstart](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/kickstart) documentation.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1080](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1080)
* You may now import an RSA certificate with a key bit length less than `2048` into Key Master. The minimum supported RSA key length for signing a JWT is `2048`, so this was previously the minimum requirement to import anything into Key Master. However, we have several configurations now that require a certificate that is only used to verify a signature from a third party. In these cases, we are not using the certificate to sign anything, and [@trevorr](https://github.com/trevorr) rightly pointed out that we should allow smaller keys to be imported to support these use cases. Thank you for the (now obvious) insight! We really appreciate our community members that provide us value for value.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1085](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1085) & [GitHub Issue #1091](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1091)
* Added an additional Search API parameter to allow you to obtain the actual hit count from Elasticsearch. For performance reasons, the default behavior of an Elasticsearch query is to limit the hit count to 10,000. This means that if your query matched more than 10,000 records, the API response will only indicate that at least 10,000 records matched. This is very adequate for pagination purposes, or general queries. There are times where you are building a very specific query and the intent is to identify an accurate number of matching records. You may now provide an additional parameter to the search request named `accurateTotal` which will then return an accurate hit count on the API response. See the [User Search](/docs/apis/users#search-for-users) API for additional details.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1086](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1086)
* Allow the user to click on the Enabled column in the Webhook event configuration in the Webhook and Tenant configurations to enable or disable all events at once. This is just a usability enhancement to save you from clicking over and over. You're welcome.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1093](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1093)
* For pages with potentially a lot of items such as Applications, Tenants, etc - that do not currently have pagination, add a count at the bottom of the panel. This allows you to look smart by knowing how many "things" you have without having to count them yourself.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1104](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1104)

### Internal
* Some enhancements to JavaScript event handlers to perform better on pages with 2-3k+ applications. Pretty boring.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1105](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1105)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.23.3" releaseDate="January 21th, 2021" />

### Fixed
* A tenant delete request may fail. See details in the linked GH issue for a work around. This issue was introduced in version 1.22.0.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1075](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1075)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.23.2" releaseDate="January 20th, 2021" />

### Fixed
* A bug in the PostgreSQL migration will cause you to lose your SAML v2 IdP configuration. If you are using MySQL or you are not using the SAML v2 IdP configuration, this bug will not affect you. The issue was introduced in version 1.21.0, so if you are upgrading from a version prior to 1.21.0 to 1.23.2 you will not be affected. If you have already upgraded to 1.21.0 or any version greater than 1.21.0 prior to this patch, you will have already encountered the issue. If you do encounter this issue, you will need to update the SAML v2 IdP configuration found in each affected Application configuration.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1074](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1074)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.23.1" releaseDate="January 13th, 2021" />

### Fixed
* When configured to sign the SAML v2 AuthN requests to the SAML v2 IdP, the SAML v2 SP metadata does not correctly reflect this settings. The attribute `AuthnRequestsSigned` should now reflect the signing configuration.
  * When configured to sign requests, the SP metadata response will now also contain the KeyDescriptor element to describe the X.509 certificate used to verify the signature.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1067](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1067)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.23.0" releaseDate="January 11th, 2021" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

### Known Issues
* If you are upgrading to this version, are using PostgreSQL, and you intend to use the provided LinkedIn Reconcile lambda, you will need to make a small adjustment prior to using it.
  * Navigate to <Breadcrumb>Customizations -> Lambdas</Breadcrumb> and edit the lambda named `Default LinkedIn Reconcile provided by FusionAuth` and click edit. You will see an error indicated by a red dot on line `23` of the function body. To fix this error, delete the two empty lines between the end of line `23` and `25`, once the error indicator is gone, save the lambda.
* Unable to remove a User from a group using the admin UI dialog.
  * Fixed in version 1.24.0 via [GitHub Issue #1081](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1081)


### Fixed
* A validation error may not be visible when selecting self service registration options when the FusionAuth license has not been activated.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #951](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/951)
* The User Action API was returning a `200` status code instead of a `404` when requesting an action by Id that did not exist.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #991](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/991), thanks to [@hkolbeck-streem](https://github.com/hkolbeck-streem) for the report!
* The IP address shown on the About panel may be the same for each node when viewed on a multi-node FusionAuth instance. This address is shown for informational purposes and was only a cosmetic defect w/out any functional issues.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1030](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1030)
* The SAML Response XML was failing XSD validation for the `Signature` element location when the request was not successful, or FusionAuth was configured to sign the response instead of the assertion.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1047](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1047), thanks to [@MrChrisRodriguez](https://github.com/MrChrisRodriguez) for the excellent report!
* Fix a possible NPE when making an Update request to a group in a multi-tenant environment. With this fix, the correct API response will be returned.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1052](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1052), thanks to [@atrauzzi](https://github.com/atrauzzi) for the report!
* When creating an IdP from the API for Google, Facebook, Twitter, or HYPR - the API was allowing an Id to be provided. Each of these IdP types of which only one are allowed, have a fixed Id that is managed by FusionAuth. The API should ignore the requested Id and set the correct Id instead. If you encounter this issue, the work around is to omit the Id on the API request.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1058](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1058)
* Kickstart fails when using a variable in the `tenantId` field for an API key.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1060](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1060), thanks to [@rhofland](https://github.com/rhofland) for the report and the excellent recreate steps!

### New
* Sign in with LinkedIn. A new identity provider type is available for LinkedIn.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #34](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/34)
* New FusionAuth roles oriented for Level 1 support personnel. These new roles are named `user_support_viewer` and `user_support_manager`, see FusionAuth application roles for additional detail.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1027](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1027)

### Enhancements
* Updates to the User and Import API to provide validation on the length of an email address. This will provide a developer a better error when the provided email address is too long.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #900](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/900)

### Client libraries
* Enhancements to the .NET Core client library to better support requests in a multi-tenant environment and to use the `IDictionary` reference instead of `Dictionary`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1049](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1049) and [GitHub Issue #1050](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1050), thanks to [@atrauzzi](https://github.com/atrauzzi) for sharing his .NET Core expertise!

<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.22.2" releaseDate="December 10th, 2020" />

### Fixed
* When using a connector, if the provided password does not meet the configured password constraints the login attempt will fail. This is by design, however because FusionAuth is not the Source of Record (SoR) it should not be required that the password to meet the configured password constraints. The current SoR should enforce their own password constraints. If the connector is configured to migrate the user, and the tenant policy is configured to validate password constraints on login, the password will be validated according to this policy.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1020](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1020), thanks to [@ckolbeck-streem](https://github.com/ckolbeck-streem) for the help!
* Using the Verify Email workflow on the FusionAuth themed pages when the email address has a plus sign (`+`) in the local part of the address may fail to send the user an email.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1034](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1034)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.22.1" releaseDate="December 8th, 2020" />

### Fixed
* When endpoint discovery is disabled, OpenID Connect endpoint validation errors may be hidden when editing the OpenID Connect IdP configuration in the UI.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #794](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/794)
* The Manage User page may fail to render when the user has an action or comment made by a user without an email address.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1012](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1012), nice catch by [@pamcpd](https://github.com/pamcpd)!
* The `tenantId` parameter may not be preserved correctly in a multi-tenant configuration during the Device authorization grant.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1016](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1016), thanks to [@JediSquirrel](https://github.com/JediSquirrel) and [@jerryhopper](https://github.com/jerryhopper) for reporting!

### Enhancements
* Limit the origin validation during OAuth2 grants that occur as a result of a redirect from FusionAuth.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1018](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1018), thanks to our Icelandic friend [@eirikur-grid](https://github.com/eirikur-grid) for reporting.
* Expose the default signing key Id as a Kickstart variable. See the [Kickstart installation guide](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/kickstart#reference) for additional detail.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1026](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1026), thanks to [@dan-barrett](https://github.com/dan-barrett) for the request!


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.22.0" releaseDate="December 1st, 2020" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

### Changed
* The Application and Tenant domain objects now contain a `state` field that will be returned on the API response.
  * This new `state` field replaces the `active` boolean on the Application object and API. The `active` field is now deprecated, and backwards compatibility will be preserved.

### Fixed
* When viewing a form in the UI, the required column value may not be correct.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #975](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/975)
* Unable to request a second 2FA code on the themed login page during a 2FA login request. See the linked GitHub isssue for a work around.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #980](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/980), thanks to [@DaviddH](https://github.com/DaviddH) for reporting the issue!
* A missing message may cause an exception during a login attempt when using an LDAP connector.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #981](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/981), thanks to [@ruckc](https://github.com/ruckc) for letting us know.
* Incorrect message shown on a registration form when no fields have been added, this is purely a cosmetic issue.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #983](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/983)
* The view dialog for an a Google IdP incorrectly shows the client secret for both the Client Id and the Client secret fields.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #999](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/999)
* Selecting a preferred language during login may append this value to the user's configuration allowing for possible duplicate locales.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1006](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1006), thanks to [@arni-inaba](https://github.com/arni-inaba) for reporting the issue.
* Using the Import API to import users to a tenant other than the default tenant when more than one tenant is configured may fail validation. This issue was introduced in version 1.20.0 under [GitHub Issue #915](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/915).
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1008](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1008)
* Logging out of FusionAuth SSO when you have a webhook configured to receive the Refresh Token Revoke event, may cause an exception that will be found in an event log.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1017](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1017)

### New
* The Elasticsearch index name can now be configured. This may be helpful if you wish to run multiple instances of FusionAuth on the same Elasticsearch cluster. See `fusionauth-app.user-search-index.name` in the FusionAuth configuration for additional details.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #631](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/631), thanks to [@chrishare08](https://github.com/chrishare08) for the suggestion.
* Add async support for the Delete Tenant API. Deleting a tenant can take a very long time, so when deleting a tenant from the UI, FusionAuth will use the new async option. If you are making an API request to delete a tenant with many users, you may wish to use the async option. See the Tenant API for additional details.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #990](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/990)

### Enhancements
* The Elasticsearch reindex operation is now much faster, especially when re-indexing more than 1 million users. On a reasonably fast system, 1 million users can be re-indexed in approximately 3 minutes, this time is linear as you increase the user count. In general there is no need to re-index in production, but in a development phase or as part of a database migration it may be necessary to re-index the FusionAuth users.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #918](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/918)
* When configuring an IdP that requires additional CORS configuration to operate properly, FusionAuth will display a warning message in the UI. This message has been updated to make it clearer that additional user action isn't required to complete the configuration.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #998](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/998)
* Increase the read timeout to third party identity providers. It has been reported that the Apple identity provider in particular may experience a read timeout for particular accounts.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #1010](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/1010), thanks to [@thekoding](https://github.com/thekoding) for the suggestion.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.21.0" releaseDate="November 10th, 2020" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

## Known Issues
* If you are using PostgreSQL and you are using FusionAuth as a SAML v2 IdP, upgrading to this version will break your SAML v2 IdP configuration. Resolved in 1.23.2.
  * If you are running FusionAuth prior to this version, skip to 1.23.2 to avoid the issue. If you need to update to this version or any version after this version but prior to 1.23.2, you will want to record your existing SAML v2 IdP configuration for each application with SAML v2 IdP enabled so that you can re-configure after the upgrade has completed.

### Fixed
* Beginning in version 1.9.0, if you are using the SAML IdP configuration to connect to a third party SAML v2 IdP and you are not using the FusionAuth login pages, you must initiate this request with FusionAuth by using the [Start Login Request](/docs/apis/identity-providers/samlv2#start-a-saml-v2-login-request) API. When making this start request w/out any additional custom data on the API request, an exception may occur. Review the linked issue for a workaround if you are unable to update to this patch release.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #963](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/963)
* Using Bcrypt as the default hashing scheme may cause an exception to occur in some circumstances.
  * [GitHub Issue #966](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/966), thanks to [@wasdennnoch](https://github.com/wasdennnoch) for reporting the issue and providing great debug info.
* Add custom data on the Consent object to the view dialog in the UI, and fix some possible issues with editing Consent and other similar objects with custom data in the UI. In some cases, editing an object such as a Consent in the UI will cause you to lose any custom data you had previously stored.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #970](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/970), thanks to [@mgetka](https://github.com/mgetka) for opening this issue.

### Enhancements
* The location of the XML signature in the SAML response may be configured to be a child of the `Assertion` element, or the `Response`. The default location is `Assertion` which is the same as the previous behavior to ensure backwards compatibility. In most cases the default configuration is adequate, if you have a SAML v2 Service Provider that requires the signature as a child element of the Response use this configuration to satisify this requirement.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #365](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/365), thanks to [@mikerees](https://github.com/mikerees) for requesting this feature.
* The PKCE extension will now be used by the OpenID Connect IdP configuration that allows you to connect to third party OpenID Connect identity providers. This allows FusionAuth to be compatible with identity providers that may require PKCE. This change is compatible even if your identity provider does not require or does not support PKCE.
  * [GitHub Issue #968](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/968), thanks to [@jandillmann](https://github.com/jandillmann) for the request!
* Add the `application` domain object to email templates when available. This will allow you to use the Application name using `${application.name}` in your template.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #976](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/976)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.20.1" releaseDate="October 30th, 2020" />

### Fixed
* UI sorting preferences were not preserved after a page refresh
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #461](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/461), thanks to [@mreschke](https://github.com/mreschke) (a fellow Coloradan) for letting us know!
* Update a tooltip to better describe the use of <InlineField>Require authentication</InlineField> in the OAuth settings
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #654](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/654), thanks to [@JuliusPC](https://github.com/JuliusPC) for the suggestion.
* A exception may occur if you attempt to change your password immediately after installation before modifying the Tenant configuration to configure email, JWT settings etc.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #758](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/758), thanks to [@srothery](https://github.com/srothery) for the report and debug assistance!
* Providing duplicate connector policies on the Tenant API may cause an exception
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #917](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/917)
* Set the Twitter tokens in the User Registration after logging in with Twitter
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #937](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/937), thanks to [@LohithBlaze](https://github.com/LohithBlaze) for reporting the bug.
* Allow the Refresh Token meta data fields to be set during the Password Grant
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #947](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/947), thanks to [@ShayMoshe](https://github.com/ShayMoshe) for letting us know about this limitation.

### Enhancements
* Add additional Kickstart settings to modify the default timeouts used to make API calls to FusionAuth.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #803](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/803), thanks to [@seanadkinson](https://github.com/seanadkinson) for the suggestion!
* Expose default Lambda and Form Ids to Kickstart so you can assign one of the default Lambdas to an identity provider configuration.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #836](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/836), thanks to [@LohithBlaze](https://github.com/LohithBlaze) for letting us know about this limitation.
* Return the `encryptionScheme` on the User API response when authenticated using an API key.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #955](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/955)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.20.0" releaseDate="October 23rd, 2020" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

### Changed
- Updated base image for Docker from `alpine` to `ubuntu:focal`. This is a non-functional change, but please be aware of this change if you're building Docker images using ours as a base.

  In order to run on `alpine` without including the GNU C Library (`glibc`) we had to use a custom build of OpenJDK compiled using the `musl` C library. Due to some possible performance concerns, we have moved to an official build of JDK provide by AdoptOpenJDK compiled using `glibc`. The `ubuntu:focal` base image added ~ 30 MB in size compared to our previous (compressed) image size, but until we can obtain builds from AdoptOpenJDK based upon the `musl` C library, we will not likely ship an official image on `alpine`.
  * [`fusionauth-containers` / `docker` / `fusionauth` / `fusionauth-app` / `Dockerfile`](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/blob/main/docker/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/Dockerfile)
  * [`hub.docker.com` / `fusionauth` / `fusionauth-app`](https://hub.docker.com/r/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/tags)

### Fixed
* Resolve a warning message about an upcoming deprecated use of reflection in a FusionAuth dependency. This warning message was not causing any failures, it was just noisy.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #721](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/721)
* A negative count may be displayed in the FusionAuth dashboard and other reports. This was primarily due to how the delete tenant was handled as it related to keeping track of total user counts. The delete tenant code path no longer utilizes the Elasticsearch index and takes a safer approach to deleting users and keeping track of total counts.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #799](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/799), thanks to [@gurupras](https://github.com/gurupras) for helping us out with this one!
* Better user experience for advanced self service forms once a license has been de-activated.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #861](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/861)
* Fix self service registration form validation when using custom options with a `select`, `radio` or `checkbox.`
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #863](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/863)
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #865](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/865)
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #867](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/867)
* Fix UI form validation when adding and removing fields from an existing self service registration from.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #866](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/866)
* The `applicationId` was not validated on the Import User API, the import would still correctly fail, just not in a developer friendly way.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #915](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/915)
* Fix a typo the Activate Reactor page in the UI.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #945](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/945)
* When using self service registration, the `authenticationType` claim found in the resulting JWT was always `PASSWORD` even if the authentication was performed using Facebook, Google or other identity provider.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #948](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/948)

### New
- Support for SAML v2 POST bindings to a third party SAML v2 Identity Provider (IdP) when FusionAuth is acting as the SAML v2 Service Provider (SP).
* Resolves [GitHub Issue #845](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/845)
- Add the SAML v2 `SessionIndex` in the SAML v2 AuthN request.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #896](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/896)
- You may now customize the Add and Edit form used to manage users in the FusionAuth admin UI. You may add or remove existing fields found on the User form, or add new fields to allow n admin to manage custom user data.  This can be used with advanced self service registration, or as a standalone feature.
* This feature requires a paid FusionAuth plan.
* Resolves [GitHub Issue #753](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/753)
- You may now customize the Add and Edit User Registration form used to manage user registration in the FusionAuth admin UI. You may add or remove existing fields found on the User Registration form, or add new fields to allow an admin to manage custom registration data.  This can be used with advanced self service registration, or as a standalone feature.
* This feature requires a paid FusionAuth plan.
* Resolves [GitHub Issue #753](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/753)

### Enhancements
* When configuring FusionAuth as the SAML v2 IdP, you may not configure one to many redirect URLs, also referred to as Assertion Consumer Service (ACS) URLs. This will allow you to support more than one redirect configuration per FusionAuth application.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #502](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/502)
* When using more then one tenant the `tenantId` is documented to be required when using the OAuth2 endpoints. However, in some cases it may not be provided, this enhancement allows the correct tenant to be identified during logout when only the `id_token_hint` is provided on the request to `/oauth2/logout` endpoint. This issue only affects FusionAuth versions `1.19.0` and greater due to the addition to multi-tenant SSO. Prior to version `1.19.0`, it was not possible to be logged into more than one tenant at once using FusionAuth SSO.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #925](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/925)
* Initial build support for multi-arch Docker images. FusionAuth is not yet publishing images for these additional arch types, but we are trying to better support these builds in our base image definition. This should help those running FusionAuth on IBM z(s390x), IBM Power(64 bit PowerPC) and various ARM platforms including AWS Graviton, Apple Bionic and embedded platforms such as Raspberry Pi.

  Thanks to a bunch of our FusionAuth MVPs including, but not limited to [@jerryhopper](https://github.com/jerryhopper), [@arslanakhtar61](https://github.com/arslanakhtar61), and [@ceefour](https://github.com/ceefour), for helping with this work through code, advice and domain knowledge that we don't have!
  * [`fusionauth-containers` / `docker` / `fusionauth` / `fusionauth-app` / Dockerfile](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/blob/main/docker/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/Dockerfile)
  * [Multi-Architecture Builds](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers#multi-architecture-builds)
  * [GitHub \[fusionauth-containers\] Issue #49](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/issues/49)



<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.19.8" releaseDate="September 28th, 2020" />

### Fixed

* The documented configuration parameter `fusionauth-app.http.port` is not picked up by FusionAuth. If you were to override the default value of `9011`, the server will properly bind to the correct port, but FusionAuth will not use this local port to connect to itself.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #891](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/891)
* When importing users using the Import API on PostgreSQL, if you have a wide distribution of values for the `insertInstant` on the User object, you may encounter a PostgreSQL exception.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #892](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/892)
* Disable Elasticsearch Sniffer by default. The Elasticsearch Sniffer was enabled in version 1.19.0 to allow a single connection to Elasticsearch discover the other nodes in the cluster by the Elasticsearch REST client. This causes problems for cloud managed services or Elasticsearch running within a container service such as k8s. Turn this off by default, and allow it to be enabled if desired. See new configuration property `search.sniffer`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #893](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/893)

### Enhancements
* Add a `referrer` meta tag to provide a default policy for the browser. Most browsers are now providing a decent default value, but this will ensure a secure default value is utilized. New Themes will default to `strict-origin` but this can be modified in the Helper template, and can also be added to existing themes.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #894](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/894)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.19.7" releaseDate="September 23rd, 2020" />

### Fixed

* The default exception handling in the Elasticsearch REST client allows for some expected exceptions to go un-handled which may fail the search request. Add an exception handler to keep these underlying HTTP exceptions from causing failures.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #868](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/868), thanks to [@zbruhnke](https://github.com/zbruhnke) for reporting and helping us track this one down.
* Some LDAP exception messages will include an embedded `null` in the message body. PostgreSQL does not allow for embedded `null` characters in a text field, so this may cause FusionAuth to exception when using PostgreSQL.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #879](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/879)
* When selecting Re-validate password on login when also restricting usage of previous passwords, the user may end up in a loop of being required to change their during login.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #880](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/880)
* In the 1.19.0 MySQL migration script, if you have many refresh tokens, it is possible that a duplicate key will be generated due to a poor random Id generator.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #890](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/890)

### Enhancements

* Add a helper for Active Directory LDAP to handle conversion of a base64-encoded Microsoft `objectGuid` to a Java UUID. See the [LDAP Connector Reconcile Lambda](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/reconcile/ldap-connector-reconcile) for more information.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #822](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/822), thanks to [@bradleykite](https://github.com/bradleykite) for the assistance on this one!


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.19.6" releaseDate="September 16th, 2020" />

### Fixed
* Startup may fail on version 1.19.5 of the FusionAuth docker image with the following error on the console `setenv.sh: line 91: : invalid variable name`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #870](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/870), thanks to [@virginijus-servicebridge](https://github.com/virginijus-servicebridge), [@arunmg007](https://github.com/arunmg007) and [@mao75](https://github.com/mao75) for reporting!


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.19.5" releaseDate="September 15th, 2020" />

### Fixed
* When deleting an application role that is in use by a Group, an exception occurs.
  * Resolves https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/831
* Fix possible errors when upgrading to version 1.19.0 on managed MySQL services such as Google Cloud SQL.
  * Resolves https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/859

### Enhancements
* Be more forgiving and allow for un-escaped URL path and query characters.
  * Resolves https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/635


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.19.4" releaseDate="September 12th, 2020" />

### Fixed
* When using a JWT populate, the JWT returned during a combination User + Registration API request may not have the `registration` or `roles` arguments available in the lambda. This issue was introduced in version `1.16.0`.
  * [GitHub Issue #856](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/856), thanks to [@calebfreeman](https://github.com/calebfreeman) for reporting.
* When using MySQL and Silent Mode database configuration, you may encounter an error indicating `java.lang.IllegalStateException: Unable to capture database lock.` or `Caused by: java.sql.SQLException: No suitable driver found for jdbc:mysql://...`.  This issue was introduced in version `1.19.0`, if you encounter this error, please upgrade. If you are unable to upgrade, attempt to startup w/out silent mode and go through maintenance mode interactively.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #857](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/857), thanks to [@ceefour](https://github.com/ceefour) for letting us know.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.19.3" releaseDate="September 10th, 2020" />

### Security
* Proactively upgrade third party dependency due to published CVEs.
  * Upgrade Apache Commons File Upload to `1.4.0`
  * https://www.cvedetails.com/cve/CVE-2016-1000031/

### Changes
* Upgraded Kafka client to `2.6.0`
* Upgrade MySQL connector to `8.0.21`
  * If you are using MySQL, and are currently re-packaging the  MySQL connector in a Docker image or similar strategy to keep this jar from being downloaded at runtime, you will need to update your version to match FusionAuth.
  * Upgrade your MySQL connector to 8.0.21, the `mysql-connector-java-8.0.21.jar` will be expected to be found here ` /usr/local/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/apache-tomcat/lib`.
* Upgrade PostgreSQL connector to `42.2.14`

### Fixed
* The clock skew calculation used then verifying a SAML AuthN response from a SAML v2 IdP may incorrectly cause a validation error. If you encounter this error you may see something like this `Unable to verify the [audience] attribute. The attribute cannot be confirmed until [2020-09-01T16:01:31+0000].` in the Debug or Error Event Log associated with the SAML v2 login request.

### Enhancements
* Better email address validation to ensure the address will be deliverable.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.19.2" releaseDate="September 6th, 2020" />

### Fixed
* Using the External JWT Identity Provider with the Lookup API may fail to validate a JWT
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #850](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/850)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.19.1" releaseDate="September 4th, 2020" />

### Fixed
* If you are using the database search engine, FusionAuth may fail to start up correctly.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #846](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/846), thanks to [@motzel](https://github.com/motzel) for reporting so quickly!
* The legacy environment variable named `FUSIONAUTH_SEARCH_SERVERS` is not honored ahead of the named configuration file property.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #847](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/847), thanks to [@soullivaneuh](https://github.com/soullivaneuh) for letting us know!


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.19.0" releaseDate="September 3rd, 2020" />

<GeneralMigrationWarning warning_message="This release includes a database migration that may require a few minutes to complete. If you have 1M+ refresh tokens you should plan for a few minutes to allow the schema update to complete. This time will vary significantly based upon the size and performance of your database. Testing upgrades with 2M+ refresh tokens took approximately 2-3 minutes on bare metal with an SSD. If you're running on a managed database that limits IOPS the migration may be longer. For larger instances it is advised you test the migration ahead of time to identify the downtime required to complete the upgrade." />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning warning_message="This release includes a database migration that may require a few minutes to complete. If you have 1M+ refresh tokens you should plan for a few minutes to allow the schema update to complete. This time will vary significantly based upon the size and performance of your database. Testing upgrades with 2M+ refresh tokens took approximately 2-3 minutes on bare metal with an SSD. If you're running on a managed database that limits IOPS the migration may be longer. For larger instances it is advised you test the migration ahead of time to identify the downtime required to complete the upgrade." />

Our development team works so hard to bring you cool features and enhancements. Many of the features we build, or the enhancements we make come from the feedback and bug reports we receive from our community.

Thank you to each of you that has taken the time to open a GitHub issue, or raise a concern on our forum. All of this input and feedback is valued, and it makes FusionAuth better!

### Known Issues
* When running MySQL and it is possible you may encounter an issue logging into the FusionAuth admin console after updating to version 1.19.0. The symptom is that upon login you are redirected to an empty page that asks you to return to login.
  * See [GitHub Issue #934](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/934) for additional details and a work around.

### Changed

There a few changes in this release that you will need to be aware of, please read these carefully. If you have a support contract, please reach out if you have questions or concerns.

* If you using the [SAML v2 Identity Provider Login](/docs/apis/identity-providers/samlv2#complete-a-saml-v2-login) API directly you will need to update your integration. If you are using the SAML v2 Identity Provider configuration with the FusionAuth themed pages, there is no change required.
  * The [Start Identity Provider](/docs/apis/identity-providers/samlv2#start-a-saml-v2-login-request) API must now be used prior to sending the SAML v2 AuthN request to the SAML IdP. You may optionally build your own Request Id, or use one generated by FusionAuth. See the Start API for additional details.
* The FusionAuth SSO and admin UI are now stateless and no longer require session pinning to maintain an HTTP session. Leaving existing session pinning in place should not cause any harm, but you may remove it at your earliest convenience.
* Silent Mode may be used while in `production` runtime mode. This allows you to leverage the FusionAuth maintenance mode to upgrade the database schema for `production` and `development` runtime modes.
* The Status API no longer returns a full JSON response unless the request is authenticated by an API key or a FusionAUth admin user.
  * The API also now returns several status codes to provide additional insight into possible issues. See [Status](/docs/apis/system#retrieve-system-status) API documentation for additional information.
* When building customized field error messages for custom Registration forms, a field error such as `[missing]user.data.foo` may now be `[blank].user.data.foo`. Note the prefix may have changed from `[missing]` to `[blank]`.  If you have created customized values for Registration Forms, please review your error messages and test your existing validation to ensure the correct text is displayed.
* The Linux Debian and RPM packages now ship with a `systemd` service definition instead of the legacy Sys V init scripts. If the distribution of Linux you are using does not support `systemd` you will need to plan to upgrade. In most cases this should not affect anyone running FusionAuth on Linux using the provided RPM or Debian packages as bridge scripts generally allow you to start and stop the commands using a Sys V wrapper. See the Starting and Stopping documentation for additional information.
* When using the python client library, the signature for the `exchange_o_auth_code_for_access_token` method which takes an authorization code has changed. The `client_id` and `redirect_uri` parameters flipped positions. This was done to make the signature consistent with the other client libraries. Instead of `exchange_o_auth_code_for_access_token(self, code, redirect_uri, client_id=None, client_secret=None)`, the method signature is now `exchange_o_auth_code_for_access_token(self, code, client_id, redirect_uri, client_secret=None)`. If you don't flip around the arguments, you'll receive a 401 error, similar to [this issue](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-python-client/issues/7).

### Known Issues
* If you are using the database search engine, FusionAuth may fail to start up correctly. Resolved in 1.19.1.
* The legacy environment variable named `FUSIONAUTH_SEARCH_SERVERS` is not honored ahead of the named configuration file property. Resolved in 1.19.1.

### New
* FusionAuth admin UI and FusionAuth pages are now stateless. As of this version you will no longer need to provide session pinning in a multi-node configuration. If you currently have session pinning configured, it should be ok to leave it, but you should plan to remove it at your earliest convenience.
  * Resolves [#GitHub #358](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/358)
* Multi-tenant SSO. This was a limitation prior to this released due to the way we managed the HTTP session. This limitation has been removed... and there was much rejoicing. With multi-tenant SSO you may now optionally use the same browser and utilize SSO for users within different tenants, this is often only a dev time issue, but there are some production use cases for this behavior.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #355](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/355), thanks to [@unkis](https://github.com/unkis) for opening the issue to help us track this limitation.
* Expanded and improved configuration options. All config options are not consistent and can be set using `fusionauth.properties`, environment variables or Java `-D` system properties. This will make life much easier for those running in Docker or Kubernetes. All previously named configuration options will be backwards compatible and you will receive warnings on how you can correct your naming of configuration values or environment variables, because that's how we roll.
* IdP and Email hinting for the FusionAuth login pages. This feature will allow you to optionally bypass the login page and go directly to the third party IdP based upon the user's email address or a suggested Identity Provider Id. An Identity Provider Id may be provided on the URL using the `idp_hint` request parameter, and an email address or domain may be provided in the `login_hint` request parameter.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #178](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/178), thanks to one of our FusionAuth All-Stars [@davidmw](https://github.com/davidmw) for suggesting this feature.
* A new API to import Refresh Tokens. See [Import Refresh Tokens](/docs/apis/users#import-refresh-tokens) API for additional details.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #835](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/835)
* Application specific email templates for Passwordless, Email Verification, Setup Password, and Change Password. See updates to the [Application](/docs/apis/applications) API and the Application configuration in the FusionAuth admin.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #834](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/834)
* A new icon in cornflower blue.
  * I am Jack's complete lack of surprise.

### Enhancements
* Enhanced Maintenance Mode support for initial DB schema setup on 3rd Party cloud managed database services such as Digital Ocean, Azure, etc.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #95](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/95)
* The FusionAuth log `fusionauth-app.log` now ships with a log rotation strategy. This will not affect those running FusionAuth in Docker.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #575](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/575), thanks to [@oottinger](https://github.com/oottinger) and others for reporting and voting on this issue.
* All configuration is not available in the `fusionauth.properties` file, environment variable or Java System Property to allow for additional flexibility in configuration regardless of your deployment model. See the Configuration reference for additional information.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #752](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/752)
* Restrict the response body on the Status API unless authenticated. Provide more granular HTTP response codes to provide insight into the issue.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #473](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/473)

### Fixed
* When using the View dialog for a custom form field in the FusionAuth admin UI, form `Control` type was not displayed.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #828](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/828)
* When submitting a custom Registration Form with non-required fields of type `number`, `date` or `bool`, you may receive a validation error indicating the value is invalid.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #827](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/827)
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #829](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/829)
* Unable to configure `database.mysql.enforce-utf8mb4` through an environment variable for use in Docker.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #798](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/798)
* A `404` status code is returned from the Start Passwordless API when more than one tenant exists in FusionAuth.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #833](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/833), thanks to [@atrauzzi](https://github.com/atrauzzi) for reporting and helping us track this one down!
* Normalize the use of the `aud` claim between the OAuth2 grants, Login API and other APIs that may return a JWT. The `aud` claim should always be even when the User is not registered for the application.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #832](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/832), thanks to [@motzel](https://github.com/motzel) for the help!
  * Also resolves related issue [GitHub Issue #713](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/713)
* Custom Form validation errors and related fixes.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #827](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/827)
  * [GitHub Issue #810](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/810)
  * [GitHub Issue #828](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/828)
  * [GitHub Issue #829](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/829)
* Both the Login Success and Login Failed events are triggered during a failed login attempt. This bug was likely introduced in version 1.18.0.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #838](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/838)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.18.8" releaseDate="August 25th, 2020" />

### Security
* Improve SAML AuthN Response validation


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.18.7" releaseDate="August 12th, 2020" />

### Fixed
* HYPR IdP related fixes.
  * When the HYPR authentication workflow begins the provided `loginId` was not properly validated to exist in FusionAuth. All other IdP configurations allow this scenario, but because HYPR provides MFA and is not itself considered by FusionAuth to be a SoR (source or record) the user must first exist in FusionAuth.
  * Because HYPR is not a traditional SoR and does not provide user claims to FusionAuth, a `username` or `email` address should behave exactly the same when used to initiate the HYPR MFA workflow.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #808](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/808)
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #809](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/809)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.18.6" releaseDate="August 10th, 2020" />

### Fixed
* When using self service registration, a JWT populate lambda and the Implicit Grant, the `registration` parameter to the JWT Populate lambda will be `null`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #802](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/802)



<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.18.5" releaseDate="August 3rd, 2020" />

### Fixed
* A JavaScript bug may cause some of the reports not to render correctly in the admin UI.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #783](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/783)
* A poor performing SQL query was found when using MySQL. The query performance will largely be dependant upon your server configuration, but once you exceed 2M+ login records you may realize some performance issues when logging into the FusionAuth admin UI due to the charts displayed on the main dashboard.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #786](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/786)

### Enhancements
* Add localized number formatting on the y-axis of charts in the FusionAuth admin UI.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #788](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/788)



<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.18.4" releaseDate="July 30th, 2020" />

### Fixed
* An exception occurs when you attempt to use a refresh token from tenant A with tenant B.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #716](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/716), thanks to [@ulybu](https://github.com/ulybu) for reporting!
* An exception may occur when using self service registration that will disrupt the user registration workflow.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #776](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/776)
* The registration object is `null` in the JWT Populate function when used with self service registration.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #780](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/780)
* A SAML response that includes an attribute element with the attribute of `xsi:nil="true"` will cause an exception when we try to parse the XML document.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue SAML v2 #1](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-samlv2/issues/1)



<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.18.3" releaseDate="July 24th, 2020" />

### Fixed
* When attempting to add a registration for an user in the admin UI, if there are no available registrations to assign after the form has been rendered an exception may occur when you submit the form.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #630](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/630)
* When you have enabled verify email on change and you update a user's email address that was previously undefined, a verification email is not sent.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #749](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/749), thanks to [@EddieWhi](https://github.com/EddieWhi) for letting us know!
* When removing a user's registration, the search index is not updated correctly until the next user index event.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #750](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/750), thanks to [@brennan-karrer](https://github.com/brennan-karrer) for reporting the issue!
* Fixes form field name validation to limit spaces and other special characters.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #761](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/761)
* Form and field fixes including some JavaScript errors and the complete registration workflow when a custom form is used.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #762](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/762)
* The use of `${tenant.issuer}` is failing validation when used in an email template.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #770](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/770), this to [@seanadkinson](https://github.com/seanadkinson) for reporting the bug.
  * Email template validation has been relaxed to allow the Preview API and UI action to report errors and warnings but still allow the changes to be saved. Due to the complexity of validating the email template without the exact data to be used at runtime, validation has been relaxed to ensure we do not prohibit a valid template from being saved. When using the UI to manage your templates, you will now find a test button which will allow you to send a template to an end user to test the rendering and delivery with a real user.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.18.2" releaseDate="July 20th, 2020" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

### Fixed
* When running with PostgreSQL database and migrating from pre 1.18.0 with existing users, the table sequence may not be set correctly causing new users to fail to be created.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #759](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/759), see issue for details and workaround.



<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.18.1" releaseDate="July 19th, 2020" />

### Fixed
* An issue introduced in version 1.18.0 may cause the edit Application action in the admin UI to fail with a `500` message. Review the known issues of 1.18.0 for a workaround if you are unable to upgrade to version 1.18.1.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #760](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/760), see issue for details and workaround.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.18.0" releaseDate="July 19th, 2020" />

<GeneralMigrationWarning warning_message="This release includes a fairly significant database schema upgrade. If you have 1M+ users you should plan for a few minutes to allow the schema update to complete. This time will vary significantly based upon the size and performance of your database. Testing upgrades with 3M+ users took approximately 3-5 minutes on bare metal with an SSD. If you're running on a managed database that limits IOPS the migration may be longer. For larger instances it is advised you test the migration ahead of time to identify the downtime required to complete the upgrade." />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning warning_message="This release includes a fairly significant database schema upgrade. If you have 1M+ users you should plan for a few minutes to allow the schema update to complete. This time will vary significantly based upon the size and performance of your database. Testing upgrades with 3M+ users took approximately 3-5 minutes on bare metal with an SSD. If you're running on a managed database that limits IOPS the migration may be longer. For larger instances it is advised you test the migration ahead of time to identify the downtime required to complete the upgrade." />

### Known Issues

* When editing an application in the admin UI you may encounter a `500 Internal Server Error` error message when attempting to save your changes. As a work around, you may use the API to modify the application. To resolve the issue, please upgrade to version 1.18.1.
  * See [GitHub Issue #760](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/760) for additional details and workaround.
* If running PostgreSQL database a database sequence may not be set correctly causing a `500` status code when creating new users.
  * See [GitHub Issue #759](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/759) for additional details and workaround.
* An exception may occur when using self service registration that will disrupt the user registration workflow.
  * See [GitHub Issue #776](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/776) for additional details.
* A JWT populate lambda that uses the `registration` parameter may fail when using self service registration.
  * See [GitHub Issue #780](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/780) for additional details.

### Changed

* In the FusionAuth admin UI, Email Templates and Themes are now found under the `Customizations` menu.

### New
* Advanced Forms. Self service registration just got a huge upgrade! Now custom forms may be configured with one to many steps, each step consisting of one to many fields. A registration form may then be assigned to an application in the Self service registration configuration found in the `Registration` tab. Assigning a custom form to an application will require a licensed plan of FusionAuth. More details and documentation coming soon.
  * See [Form](/docs/apis/custom-forms/forms) API and [Form Field](/docs/apis/custom-forms/form-fields) API.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #680](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/680).
* Initial Tech Preview of Connectors. Connectors allow you to authenticate against external systems such as LDAP. A generic connector can also be configured to authenticate against any third party system. More details and documentation coming soon. When using a connector, you will utilize the Login API or OAuth frontend of FusionAuth as you normally would and the tenant may configure policies that would cause users to be authenticated against these external databases.
  * See [Connector](/docs/apis/connectors/) API.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #219](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/219).

### Enhancement
* When viewing the Application view dialog, an additional property named `Registration URL` will be provided in the OAuth2 & OpenID Connect Integration details section. You may use this value to copy/paste a URL for testing a direct link to the registration page.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #686](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/686), thanks to [@ashokgelal](https://github.com/ashokgelal) for the suggestion!
* When viewing the About panel found in the administrative UI, the node IP address will be reported.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #754](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/754)
* The JSON Web Tokens issued by FusionAuth will now include the `jti` claim.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #409](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/409)
* All objects now have an `insertInstant` and a `lastUpdateInstant` property in the JSON API response.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #755](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/755)
* Public keys stored with a certificate will have the `x5t` property provided in the JSON Web Key Set response.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #715](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/715)

### Fixed
* The user registration event may be missing the `registration` property.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #714](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/714), thanks to [@joydeb28](https://github.com/joydeb28) for reporting the issue!
* A user with one or more consents granted fails to be deleted.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #719](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/719), thanks to one of our MVPs [@mgetka](https://github.com/mgetka) for reporting the issue!
* When using COPPA consent with Email+, the second email is not sent to the parent.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #723](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/724).
* The Refresh Token cookie is written without a `Max-Age` attribute on the JWT Refresh API response. This causes the cookie to be treated as a session cookie.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #726](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/726), thanks to [@satazor](https://github.com/satazor) for letting us know.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.17.5" releaseDate="July 3rd, 2020" />

### Fixed
* API validation fails on the Audit Log API when a JSON body is omitted from the HTTP request.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #605](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/605)
* Fixing a bug that prevents the Kafka integration from working correctly.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #649](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/649), thanks to [@joydeb28](https://github.com/joydeb28) for reporting and for the persistence!
* When selecting an Application in the user search controls in the UI an invalid Elasticsearch query causes an error on Elasticsearch version 7.7.0. The query seems to be working on versions 6.3.1, 6.8.1, and 7.6.1, as far as we can tell it only fails on the most recent versions of Elasticsearch.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #710](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/710)

### Enhancement

* Add a return to login link to the default templates for Passwordless, Register, Forgot, and Password Sent.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #666](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/666), thanks to [@soullivaneuh](https://github.com/soullivaneuh) for the request!


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.17.4" releaseDate="June 25rd, 2020" />

### Fixed
* A JavaScript bug caused the device verification URL field to toggle to hidden when any grant was enabled or disabled in the UI. This is primarily a cosmetic issue, if you encounter it you may simply refresh the page.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #692](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/692)
* The Search API performs a validation step when using Elasticsearch, and if Elasticsearch returns `valid: false` we fail the request. We are now always including the explanation from the Elasticsearch response in our error message on the API to assist the developer to understand why the requested query is considered invalid.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #697](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/697)
* The Apple Service Id override that can be provided per application was not being used, instead the global value was utilized.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #703](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/703), thanks to [@ulybu](https://github.com/ulybu) for letting us know!



<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.17.3" releaseDate="June 23rd, 2020" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />


### Enhancement

* When configuring an OpenID Connect Identity Provider, the claim that contains the user's email address may now be modified. This allows the OpenID Connect Identity Provider to be more flexible when configured with non-standard OpenID Connect providers or other OAuth2 providers such as LinkedIn.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.17.2" releaseDate="June 17nd, 2020" />

### Fixed
* When using `parent`, `child` and few other references in an email template, the validation step may fail unless you provide a null safe usage.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #685](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/685)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.17.1" releaseDate="June 15nd, 2020" />

### Fixed
* In version 1.17.0 Key Master supports importing a standalone private key. If you attempt this request in the UI with an RSA private key an error will occur.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #665](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/665), thanks to [@mgetka](https://github.com/mgetka) who is quickly becoming one of our FusionAuth MVPs!
* When using an expired Forgot Password link if you have not added the `client_id` to the URL in the email template you will see an unexpected error when you attempt to begin the process again by entering your email address. You may also experience this error if you are sending users directly to `/oauth2/forgot` instead of the user clicking the link during an OAuth2 workflow.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #671](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/671), thanks to [@maurobennici](https://github.com/maurobennici) for reporting!



<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.17.0" releaseDate="June 2nd, 2020" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

<GeneralMigrationWarning warning_message="This change includes some modifications to the way Lambdas are used with Identity Providers. If you are using an OpenID Connect or SAML v2 Identity Provider with a custom Lambda, please read all of the release notes to ensure a smooth upgrade." />

### Changed
* All Identity Provider configurations that did not have a lambda configured for User reconcile have been migrated to utilize a lambda to extract all optional user details from the IdP response. This allows you to have complete control over how these configurations work and what information is set or written to the user object during login. The business logic has not changed, but it has been moved from an internal FusionAuth service to a Lambda that can be modified. The following Identity Providers are affected:
  * All Facebook, Google and Twitter Identity Provider configurations
  * OpenID Connect and SAML v2 Identity Provider configurations without a configured lambda.
* OpenID Connect and SAML v2 Identity Providers that were already configured with a lambda may require some manual migration. The claims that were mapped into the User by FusionAuth prior to this version have been moved into a lambda so they may be modified. For each of your OpenID Connect or SAML v2 Identity Provider configurations that already had a Lambda configured for User reconcile, please review to ensure all of the claims you desire are handled by your lambda.
* For OpenID Connect Identity Provider configurations, review the new Lambda named `Default OpenID Connect Reconcile provided by FusionAuth`. Optionally copy any of the code you'd like to have executed into your configured Lambda and then test your integration. Specifically, the registered claims `given_name`, `middle_name`, `family_name`, `name`, `picture`, `phone_number`, `birthdate`, `locale` and `preferred_username` are now managed by the Lambda. If you would like these claims reconciled to the FusionAuth user, review the referenced Lambda function.
* For SAML v2 Identity Provider configurations, review the new Lambda named `Default SAML v2 Reconcile provided by FusionAuth`. Optionally copy any of the code you'd like to have executed into your configured Lambda and then test your integration. Specifically, the SAML claims for `dateofbirth`, `givenname`, `surname`, `name`, and `mobilephone` are now managed by the Lambda. If you would like these SAML claims reconciled to the FusionAuth user, review the referenced Lambda function.

### New
* Sign in with Apple. A new Identity Provider of type `Apple` is now available to enable Sign in with Apple support.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #336](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/336)
  * See the [Apple Identity Provider](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/social/apple) for additional details
* One time Use Refresh Tokens. A one time use refresh token means that each the time the refresh token is used to get a new access token (JWT) a new refresh token is returned. This feature must be enabled at the tenant level, and can optionally be overridden by the Application JWT configuration.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #394](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/394)
* Sliding Window Refresh Token Expiration. By default the expiration of a refresh token is calculated from the time it was originally issued. Beginning in this release you may optionally configure the refresh token expiration to be based upon a sliding window. A sliding window expiration means that the expiration is calculated from the last time the refresh token was used. This expiration policy means that if you are using refresh tokens to maintain a user session, the session can be maintained as long as the user remains active. This expiration policy must be enabled at the tenant level, and may optionally be overridden by the Application JWT configuration.
* Facebook, Google, HYPR and Twitter Identity Providers may be assigned a User Reconcile Lambda.
  * Previously the user reconcile logic was built into FusionAuth. Now the User reconcile logic has been moved to a lambda to provide additional control over attributes are extracted from the Identity Provider response and set into the FusionAuth user.

### Enhancements
* Some development and possibly runtime errors that are used during external logins such as Facebook were not localized. These values may not be localized in your theme configuration.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #535](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/535), thanks to [@mgetka](https://github.com/mgetka) for raising the issue.
* Large cookies may cause the default maximum header size of 8k to be exceeded. When this occurs the request will fail and you may see an exception with a `400` status code indicating `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Request header is too large`.
  * This value may now be modified via configuration. See the [Configuration](/docs/reference/configuration) reference or additional information.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #608](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/608), thanks to [@shortstack](https://github.com/shortstack) for letting us know, providing great debug and confirming the fix.
* When a user is registered, a refresh token will not be returned. This makes this API response consistent with the User Create API.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #626](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/626), thanks to [@LohithBlaze](https://github.com/LohithBlaze) for reporting and suggesting the change.
* When configuring a SAML v2 Identity Provider, a warning will be added to the Identity Provider index page if the CORS configuration is not adequate to allow the login request to complete. The configuration will generally require a `POST` request from a particular origin be allowed through the CORS filter.
  * This should help reduce CORS configuration issues causing a `403` during integration testing.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #641](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/641)

### Fixed
* When importing a key using Key Master in the admin UI, when a key with an invalid length is imported the error was not being displayed.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #587](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/578)
* The hosted FusionAuth log page may fail to function properly after the user changes the locale using the locale selector on the themed page. Specifically, once you add more than one language to your theme, and the user continues past the first login panel to a subsequent themed page, if the user switches the locale the context will be lost and the user will see an OAuth error.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #623](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/623), thanks to [@flangfeldt](https://github.com/flangfeldt) and [@yrammos](https://github.com/yrammos) for reporting.
* A non POSIX compliant function definition in `setenv.sh` caused FusionAuth to fail to start on Ubuntu 18.04.4 and 20.04 (possibly others). This could be on any Linux distribution that sym-links `/bin/sh` to `dash` which is a POSIX compliant shell. This was introduced in version 1.16.0.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #645](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/645), thanks to [@s-vlade](https://github.com/s-vlade) and [@yrammos](https://github.com/yrammos) for letting us know.
* When using the Facebook IdP and specifying `picture` as one of the requested `fields` an error occurs during the User reconcile process which causes the login to fail. If you encounter this issue, the work around is to remove `picture` from the field configuration, even with this change you will still get the picture back from Facebook as FusionAuth makes a second call to the Me Picture API.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #648](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/648), thanks to [@thekoding](https://github.com/thekoding) for reporting and helping us track down the issue.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.16.1" releaseDate="May 18th, 2020" />

### Fixed
* When attempting to utilize a silent configuration to configure the database schema without using Elasticsearch, FusionAuth would enter maintenance mode.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #618](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/618), thanks to [@mgetka](https://github.com/mgetka) for reporting the issue!


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.16.0" releaseDate="May 8th, 2020" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

### Security
* A vulnerability in an underlying SAML v2 library was resolved. If you are using SAML please upgrade FusionAuth to 1.16.0 or later as soon as possible.
  * [CVE-2020-12676](https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2020-12676)
  * [CSNC-2020-002](https://compass-security.com/fileadmin/Research/Advisories/2020-06_CSNC-2020-002_FusionAuth_Signature_Exclusion_Attack.txt)

### Changed
* The favicon configuration in the default theme has been updated. If you have created your own theme and kept the default favicons using the FusionAuth logo you will want to either remove them or update them with the correct `href` paths. See the default theme for reference if you would like to use the FusionAuth favicons.

### New
* The Identity Provider Lookup API will return a list of `applicationIds` to represent the enabled FusionAuth applications for the identity provider.
* The Identity Provider Lookup API will return the SAML v2 `idpEndpoint` value configured in the SAML v2 IdP.

### Fixed
* Specifying an Elasticsearch URL containing basic auth credentials works properly. For example the URL `https://user:password@myelasticsearchservice.com` now functions as expected.
  * Tested against https://bonsai.io and https://aiven.io.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #531](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/531), thanks to [@joshuaavalon](https://github.com/joshuaavalon) for reporting and [@nscarlson](https://github.com/nscarlson) for the additional details and assistance.
* Fixed a validation error when using the Import User API w/ an empty list of users. A `400` status code with a JSON response should have been returned.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #520](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/520), thanks to [@smcoll](https://github.com/smcoll) for reporting.
* Some JavaScript may fail on Internet Explorer version 11. Specifically the `Helper.js` which is used to handle the external login providers on the login page.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #423](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/423), thanks to [@downagain](https://github.com/downagain) for reporting this issue and for the excellent debug.
* A validation error in the OAuth2 Token endpoint returns a general error instead of the appropriate validation error.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #546](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/546), thanks to [@mgetka](https://github.com/mgetka) for reporting the issue.
* When using the Facebook login, it is possible that Facebook will send back an Image URL from the `/me/picture` API that will exceed `255` characters. If this occurs the login failed and an exception was logged.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #583](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/583), thanks to our friends at [famous.co](https://famous.co/) and [frontdoorhome.com](https://www.frontdoorhome.com/) for letting us know.
* Attempting to validate or save an Email template that contains a reference to a value stored in user data may cause an exception. For example `${user.data.company_name}` is a valid usage, but this would fail validation or cause an exception during validation.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #598](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/598)
* In some cases, when a webhook fails to respond and subsequently fails the request do to the configured transaction setting the Elasticsearch index will be out of sync.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #600](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/600), thanks to our Icelandic friend [@arni-inaba](https://github.com/arni-inaba) for letting us know and providing excellent recreate steps.
* An extra curly bracket caused the SQL migration to fail if you are running PostgreSQL and performed an upgrade without modifying the default tenant.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #606](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/606), thanks to [@nscarlson](https://github.com/nscarlson) for reporting the issue.

### Fixed from RC.1
The following issues were fixed that only affect those running version 1.16.0-RC.1.

* An unexpected request parameter may cause an exception due to the incorrect runtime mode.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #595](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/595), thanks to [@ceefour](https://github.com/ceefour)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.16.0-RC.1" releaseDate="April 21st, 2020" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

<GeneralMigrationWarning warning_message="This is a release candidate. This release is not intended for production use. If you encounter issues please open a GitHub issue to let us know." />

### Changed
* Email Send API no longer requires a from email or a default from name, defaults may be taken from the tenant.  See the [Emails API](/docs/apis/emails) documentation for reference.
* The OpenID Connect [JSON Web Key Set](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#json-web-key-set-jwks) API endpoint returns only public keys generated by FusionAuth. This endpoint previously also returned imported public keys, for which we do not hold the private key.

### Security
* Updated default CORS configuration for clean installs, see the [CORS Reference](/docs/operate/secure/cors#default-configuration) for details. It is highly recommended you modify your CORS configuration to match our new default values unless you have a technical requirement for your existing CORS configuration.
* Upgrade Handlebars to version `4.7.6` due to a known vulnerability. There is no known exploit of this vulnerability in FusionAuth, this is a pro-active upgrade. FusionAuth uses this JavaScript library in the administrative UI to build dynamic table roles.
  * https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-HANDLEBARS-534988
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #564](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/564), thanks to [@michael-burt](https://github.com/michael-burt) for alerting us to this vulnerability.

### Enhancement
* The OpenID Connect and SAML v2 Reconcile Lambda may now modify the assigned user roles. Prior to this version any changes to the roles were intentionally not preserved. This restriction has been lifted.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #536](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/536), thanks to [@sedough](https://github.com/sedough) for opening the request.
* In some cases the `state` parameter returning from external SAML v2 & OpenID Connect identity providers is decoded incorrectly.  We are now Base64 encoding this value to preserve it's integrity.

### New
* Support for Elasticsearch version 7
  * FusionAuth maintains backward-compatibility with Elasticsearch 6.3.x clusters and indexes.
  * `fusionauth-app.search-engine-type` configuration property and `FUSIONAUTH_SEARCH_ENGINE_TYPE` environment variable exposed for configuring the search engine, see the [Configuration](/docs/reference/configuration) documentation for reference.
  * A reindex may be necessary depending on how you have upgraded your Elasticsearch cluster.  You may issue a reindex in the FusionAuth admin UI under <Breadcrumb>System -> Reindex</Breadcrumb>.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #199](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/199)
* Support for using the database as the user search engine.  This is now the default configuration.  See the [Core Concepts - Users](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/users#user-search) documentation for details.
  * Use of the database search engine provides limited search capabilities, and has limitations for the Users API, see the [Bulk Delete Users API](/docs/apis/users#bulk-delete-users) and [Search for Users API](/docs/apis/users#search-for-users) documentation for details.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #427](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/427)
* The Registration API returns an access token within the `token` field of responses to `POST` requests.  See the [Registrations API](/docs/apis/registrations) documentation for reference.
  * Application registration records a login and will be reflected in the Login, Daily Active User, and Monthly Active User reports within the FusionAuth admin UI.
* The `applicationId` is now optional for `PUT` requests (update login instants) to the Login API.  See the [Login API](/docs/apis/login#update-login-instant) documentation for reference.
  * `PUT` requests to the Login API records a login and will be reflected in the Login, Daily Active User, and Monthly Active User reports within the FusionAuth admin UI.
* The User API returns an access token within the `token` field of responses to `POST` requests creating a user.  See the [User API](/docs/apis/users#create-a-user) documentation for reference.
  * User creation records a login and will be reflected in the Login, Daily Active User, and Monthly Active User reports within the FusionAuth admin UI.
* System logs can be viewed from the Admin interface. Navigate to <Breadcrumb>System -> Log</Breadcrumb> to view and download the system logs.
  * This feature is available in the UI and via a new API.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #540](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/540)
* System log export API has been added for retrieving a node's system logs as a compressed zip file.  See the [System Logs API](/docs/apis/system) documentation for reference.
* There is a Test SMTP button that you can utilize during an Edit or Add Tenant operation to ensure the correct SMTP configuration.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #539](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/539)
* Production runtime mode disables maintenance mode, database migrations must be applied manually in this runtime mode.  See the [FusionAuth App Installation Guide](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/fusionauth-app#runtime-modes) documentation for reference.
* Advanced configuration exposed for search engine type, runtime mode, and Same-Site cookie policy.  See the [Configuration](/docs/reference/configuration) documentation for reference.
* JWT Refresh webhook event, issued when an access token is refreshed by refresh token, see the [Events](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/jwt/jwt-refresh) documentation for reference.
* Tenant email configuration provides a default from email and a default from name. See the [Tenants API](/docs/apis/tenants#create-a-tenant) documentation for reference.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #262](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/262), thanks to [@engineertdog](https://github.com/engineertdog) for the request!

### Docker
* Next time a release candidate is built, the `latest` tag will be preserved to always be the latest stable release. This way if you are always using the `latest` tag you will not automatically upgrade to a release candidate.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #596](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/596), thanks to [@ceefour](https://github.com/ceefour) for the request.
* The reference `docker-compose.yml` provided by the [fusionauth-containers](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers) GitHub repo has been modified to install leveraging database as the User search engine. You will need to include the reference `docker-compose.override.yml` in order to install and configure Elasticsearch as the User search engine.  See the [Docker installation guide](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/docker) for reference.

### Internal
* Java 14. Upgrade from Java 8. The FusionAuth Java runtime has been upgraded to version 14. All external Java packages such as the Java REST client and the Plugin interface are all still compiled against Java 8 so this upgrade should not impact any users.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #481](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/481)
* Upgrade Apache Tomcat to the latest patch version `8.5.53`.
* Much smaller Docker images based upon Alpine Linux! Compressed size changed from ~ 150 MB to 76 MB. More features, less size? Yeah, that's right.
  * Check it out for yourself. See the [fusionauth/fusionauth-app](https://hub.docker.com/repository/docker/fusionauth/fusionauth-app/tags?page=1) repo.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.15.8" releaseDate="April 10th, 2020" />

### Fixed
* When more than one tenant is defined, the redirect to `/oauth2/callback` which is used for 3rd Party SAML v2 or OpenID Connect identity providers will fail unless the corresponding application is in the default tenant. This issue was introduced in `1.15.6` which means it only affects version `1.15.6`. If you encounter this issue you may be shown an error on the login page indicating `A validation error occurred during the login attempt. An event log was created for the administrator to review.`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #548](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/548), thanks so much to [@lamuertepeluda](https://github.com/lamuertepeluda) for reporting and providing excellent technical details to assist in tracking down the bug.
* A callback from a Social IdP configuration may fail to complete the login workflow. This issue was introduced in `1.15.6` which means it only affects version `1.15.6` and `1.15.7`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #553](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/553), thanks to [@ulybu](https://github.com/ulybu) for reporting the issue!

### Enhancements
* When a user attempts to utilize an expired Passwordless or Forgot Password link, FusionAuth will now still be able to allow the user to restart the login workflow.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #468](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/468), thanks to [@davidmw](https://github.com/davidmw) for suggesting this enhancement.
  * In order to take advantage of this enhancement, you will need to upgrade your email template for one or both of these workflows. See the [Email Templates](/docs/customize/email-and-messages/email-templates) documentation for a reference usage.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.15.7" releaseDate="March 30th, 2020" />

### Fixed
* Due to a change in how FusionAuth encodes the `RelayState` value when redirecting to a 3rd party SAML v2 identity providers, the authentication request will fail with an OAuth2 error. This issue was introduced in `1.15.6` which means it only affects version `1.15.6`.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.15.6" releaseDate="March 27th, 2020" />

### Fixed
* Handle tabs and other control characters in an included text file when parsing the Kickstart configuration files.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #524](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/524), thanks to [@mgetka](https://github.com/mgetka) for reporting.
* When the FusionAuth Reactor is enabled, a breach detection is incorrectly requested during a user update when the password is not being modified. You may see errors in the Event Log indicating Reactor returned a status code of `400`, this error is just noise and it did not affect the requested action.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #533](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/533).
* When running FusionAuth on an un-secured connection during development, newer versions of the Chrome browser will reject the `Set-Cookie` request in the HTTP response because the `SameSite` attribute is not set.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #537](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/537).


### Enhancement
* When integrating with 3rd Party Identity Providers FusionAuth will build a `state` parameter in order to complete the FusionAuth OAuth2 or SAML v2 request on the callback from the 3rd Party IdP. There are times when a 3rd Party IdP may un-intentionally modify the `state` parameter by decoding the value. When the `state` parameter is not returned to FusionAuth the way it was sent the integration breaks. FusionAuth will now Bas64 encode the `state` value to better defend against 3rd Party IdP integrations.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #538](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/538).



<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.15.5" releaseDate="March 16th, 2020" />

### Fixed
* Adding a Consent to a User that does not have a First or Last Name. This was causing an error in the UI where the Add Consent dialog was not rendering and instead displaying a stack trace.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #512](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/512), thanks to [@mgetka](https://github.com/mgetka) for reporting.
* When Reactor is enabled and more than one user requires action due to a breached password the Reactor index page will fail to render.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #514](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/514), thanks to our friends at Frontdoor for reporting the issue.
* When adding a new Tenant in the UI you may encounter a `500` status code with a `FusionAuth encountered an unexpected error.` message. If you encounter this error, edit the default tenant, click save and then retry the add operation.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #517](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/517), thanks to [@vburghelea](https://github.com/vburghelea) for reporting.
* A JavaScript exception was causing the ExternalJWT identity mapping dialog to fail. A work around is to use the API to add these claim mappings. This bug was introduced in version 1.15.3.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #518](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/518), thanks to [@irzhywau](https://github.com/irzhywau) for reporting.



<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.15.4" releaseDate="March 10th, 2020" />

### Fixed
* When using PostgreSQL and using the Import User API with a large amount of roles assigned to user FusionAuth may exceed the maximum allowed parameterized values in a prepared statement causing a SQL exception. If you encounter this issue you may work around the issue by reducing the size of your import request to 200-500 users per request.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #505](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/505), thanks to [@leafknode](https://github.com/leafknode) for reporting and helping debug!
* When creating a user through Kickstart with `passwordChangeRequired` set to `true` and exception will occur during the next login request. This issue was introduced in version 1.15.0.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #509](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/509), thanks to [@mgetka](https://github.com/mgetka) for reporting!
* When a Kickstart file contains multi-byte characters the string value may not be encoded properly if the default file encoding is not UTF-8. This has now been resolved by explicitly requesting UTF-8 encoding during file I/O.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #510](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/510), thanks to [@mgetka](https://github.com/mgetka) for reporting!
* When using the SAML IdP configuration where FusionAuth is the SAML service provider if the base64 encoded SAML response from the IdP contains line returns FusionAuth will fail to parse the request and the login request will fail.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #511](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/511)



<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.15.3" releaseDate="February 27th, 2020" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

### Changed
* The External JWT Identity Provider now manages keys used for token verification in the Key Master. All keys have been migrated to Key Master, and going forward all keys can be managed through the Key Master.
* Prior to this version the OpenID Connect IdP would send the client secret using the `client_secret_basic` and the `client_secret_post` method. This was done for compatibility with providers that did not utilize the `client_secret_basic` method. Now this configuration is now provided and only the configured client authentication method will be used.

### Fixed
* Using the JWT Refresh API with a JWT issued from one tenant for a user in another tenant. This error was causing an exception instead of the proper validation error being returned to the caller. A `404` will now properly be returned when this scenario occurs.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #399](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/399), thanks to [@johnmaia](https://github.com/johnmaia) for helping us track it down.
* Missing API validation on the `/oauth2/passwordless` endpoint. A `500` was returned instead of the correct validation errors.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #450](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/450), thanks to [@GraafG](https://github.com/GraafG) for reporting.
* On systems running MySQL, the SQL migration for `1.15.0` on the `DELIMITER` command and causes the instance table to have a null `license_id`.  If you have previously connected your support contract Id with your instance and upgraded to a previous `1.15.x` version, you will need to reconnect your license Id in the Reactor tab. This issue was introduced in version 1.15.0.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #482](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/482), thanks to [@nulian](https://github.com/nulian) for reporting!
* The `CancelAction` method in the .NET Core client returning field error due to incorrect method definition.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #11](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-netcore-client/issues/11), thanks to [@minjup](https://github.com/minjup) for reporting.
* The OpenID Connect IdP client authentication method is now configurable as `client_secret_basic`, `client_secret_post`, or `none` and will authenticate solely with the configured method. See the [OIDC spec concerning Client Authentication](https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html#ClientAuthentication) for more information.
  * The `1.15.3` database migration configures the client authentication method to `client_secret_basic` for identity provider configurations with a client secret defined, and `none` for those without a client secret defined. If your OpenID Connect provider requires `client_secret_post` you will need to update your configuration to ensure the integration continues to function properly.  Discord is one of the known IdPs that requires the `client_secret_post` client authentication method.
  * See the [OpenID Connect Identity Providers](/docs/apis/identity-providers/openid-connect) APIs, the [OpenID Connect Identity Provider Overview](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/) and the [Discord OIDC integration tutorial](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/gaming/discord) for more detail.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #445](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/445), thanks to [@ovrdoz](https://github.com/ovrdoz) for reporting.
* When you have enabled Self Service Registration and Registration Verification FusionAuth will fail to send the email to the end user during this workflow.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #496](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/496), thanks to our great Slack community for letting us know and assisting with debug.
* If a Two Factor Trust has been established with a particular browser through the user of a cookie, it was not being honored during the Passwordless Email workflow and the user would be prompted for the Two Factor challenge during each login attempt.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #495](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/495), thanks to our great Slack community for reporting!
* When using managed domains with the OpenID Connect or SAML v2 Identity Provider configurations the callback to FusionAuth may fail with an error.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #488](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/488), thanks to [@sedough](https://github.com/sedough) for reporting.
* When a stylesheet in your theme contains `>` the new HTML escaping strategy introduced in version X causes this value in the CSS to be incorrectly escaped. If you encounter this problem in your current them, update the usage of the stylesheet to `${theme.stylesheet()?no_esc}` instead of the previous usage of `${theme.stylesheet()}`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #489](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/489), thanks to [@snmed](https://github.com/snmed) for reporting.
* Fix a Kickstart bug, when a variable is used in the very first API key the replacement was not honored.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #493](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/493), thanks to [@tst-dhudlow](https://github.com/tst-dhudlow) for reporting!

### Enhancements
* When the External JWT Identity Provider does not have any managed domains defined, allow a JWT from any domain to be reconciled. This change makes this IdP configuration more consistent with our IdP configurations that allow for managed domains.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #491](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/491)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.15.2" releaseDate="February 19th, 2020" />

### Known Issues

* Fixed in 1.15.3, on systems running MySQL, the `1.15.0` migration fails on a `DELIMITER` command and causes the instance table to have a null `license_id`.  If you upgraded to `1.15.2`, have connected our instance to a support contract, and ran the `1.15.0` migration using maintenance mode, you will need to reconnect your license Id in the Reactor tab.
  * A workaround for this issue is to download the `fusionauth-database-schema-1.15.0.zip` from [our direct download page](/direct-download), unzip and manually apply the `migrations/mysql/1.15.0.sql` migration.  You may also wait to upgrade until `1.15.3` is available and allow maintenance mode to run the fixed migration.

### Fixed
* Password breached fixes. On some systems running PostgreSQL a portion of the breach detections features may not function properly. If you are running MySQL this will not affect you, and only certain PostgreSQL versions are affected. If you are not using FusionAuth Reactor this issue will not affect you.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.15.1" releaseDate="February 18th, 2020" />

### Known Issues

* Fixed in 1.15.3, on systems running MySQL, the `1.15.0` migration fails on a `DELIMITER` command and causes the instance table to have a null `license_id`.  If you upgraded to `1.15.1`, have connected our instance to a support contract, and ran the `1.15.0` migration using maintenance mode, you will need to reconnect your license Id in the Reactor tab.
  * A workaround for this issue is to download the `fusionauth-database-schema-1.15.0.zip` from [our direct download page](/direct-download), unzip and manually apply the `migrations/mysql/1.15.0.sql` migration.  You may also wait to upgrade until `1.15.3` is available and allow maintenance mode to run the fixed migration.

### Fixed
* A SQL statement in PostgreSQL may cause some 9.x versions to fail to store breach metrics once FusionAuth Reactor has been enabled. If you are running MySQL this will not affect you, and only certain PostgreSQL versions are affected. If you are not using FusionAuth Reactor this issue will not affect you.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.15.0" releaseDate="February 17th, 2020" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

### Known Issues

* Fixed in 1.15.1, some versions of PostgreSQL may cause an exception when storing breach metrics after enabling FusionAuth Reactor. If you are not using FusionAuth Reactor or you are using MySQL instead of PostgreSQL this issue will not affect you.
* Fixed in 1.15.3, on systems running MySQL, the `1.15.0` migration fails on a `DELIMITER` command and causes the instance table to have a null `license_id`.  If you upgraded to `1.15.0`, have connected our instance to a support contract, and ran the `1.15.0` migration using maintenance mode, you will need to reconnect your license Id in the Reactor tab.
  * A workaround for this issue is to download the `fusionauth-database-schema-1.15.0.zip` from [our direct download page](/direct-download), unzip and manually apply the `migrations/mysql/1.15.0.sql` migration.  You may also wait to upgrade until `1.15.3` is available and allow maintenance mode to run the fixed migration.

### Changed
* In the FusionAuth admin UI you will notice that User, Groups, Applications and Tenants are all now at the top level of the left navigation sidebar. This change has been done to provide quicker access to these frequently accessed menus.

### New
* FusionAuth Reactor &#8482;. FusionAuth Reactor is available with all paid plans of FusionAuth. The first feature in the Reactor suite will be breached password detection. All passwords will be checked against a breached list during all password change events, and optionally during login based upon your configuration.
* New webhook event for use with FusionAuth Reactor breached password detection. This event when enabled will be fired during login if the user is using a vulnerable password.
  * User Password Breach (`user.password.breach`), see [Webhook Events](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/) for additional information.
* New Tenant configuration in support of FusionAuth Reactor and additional password validation rules. This configuration can be found in the Password tab of the Tenant configuration on the [Tenant](/docs/apis/tenants) API.
  * `tenant.passwordValidationRules.validateOnLogin` - When enabled the user's password will be validated during login. If the password does not meet the currently configured validation rules the user will be required to change their password. Prior to this release password validation was only ever performed during a change event, you may now optionally enforce your password policy during login.
  * `tenant.passwordValidationRules.breachDetection` - A new object to provide configuration per tenant for password breach detection.
* During login, if the user is required to change their password, the Login API, Authorization Code Grant, Implicit Grant and Password Grant will now also return a change reason. This additional value in the response will indicate why the user is being required to change their password.
  * See the [Login](/docs/apis/login) API, and corresponding [OAuth endpoints](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints) for more detail.

### Security
* A small window exists after a Refresh Token has expired when this token can still be used under specific circumstances. This symptom only occurs when using the `/api/jwt/refresh` API, and not when using the Refresh Grant using the `/oauth/token` endpoint. In a worst case scenario the Refresh Token may be honored up to 5 hours after the expiration date, in most circumstances it will be much less. This only applies to expired Refresh Tokens, revoking a Refresh Token is not affected.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #454](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/454), thanks to [@johnmaia](https://github.com/johnmaia) one of our FusionAuth MVPs!

### Fixed
* Editing a Group in a Tenant that does not yet have any Applications created causes and exception when you attempt to save the edit form in the FusionAuth admin UI.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #471](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/471), thanks to [@dhait](https://github.com/dhait) for letting us know, we appreciate you!
* When Self Service Registration, if Registration Verification is enabled and Email Verification is disabled the user will not receive a Registration Verification email.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #472](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/472)
* An exception may occur when using the Import User API if you are missing the `applicationId` property in a User Registration. This error should have been found as a validation error and instead an exception occurred.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #479](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/479), thanks to our friends at Integra Financial Services for reporting the error.

### Enhancements
* Allow Kickstart to better handle varying startup times and delays. A few users reported scenarios where Kickstart would begin before FusionAuth was ready causing Kickstart to fail.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #477](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/477)



<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.14.0" releaseDate="January 22th, 2020" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

This change may affect you if you are performing advanced HTML escaping in your themed templates. During upgrade, any usage of `?html` in a themed template will removed because it is now handled automatically and it is no longer valid to use the FreeMarker built-in `?html`. \
If any of your translated messages include an HTML entity such as `\&amp;hellip;` and you are including this message using the theme message helper `theme.message` you may need to make a small adjustment in order for the entity to render properly. For example, on the Logout template the default text is `Logging out&hellip;` but if you see it rendered as `Logging out\&amp;hellip;` you will need to add an the FreeMarker suffix `?no_esc` so that the usage looks like this `theme.message('logging-out')?no_esc`. \
It is recommended that you audit your theme for any usage of `?html` and  ensure you test your theme after migration. In the FusionAuth UI if you navigate to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Themes</Breadcrumb> you can use the View action to render each template and ensure they render properly.]
<GeneralMigrationWarning />

### Changed
* A JWT Populate Lambda now has fewer reserved claims. All claims can now be removed or modified except for `exp`, `iat` and the `sub` claims by the JWT Populate Lambda. You remove or modify claims added by FusionAuth at your own peril.
  * See [JWT Populate](/docs/extend/code/lambdas/jwt-populate) for additional details.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #387](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/387)
* Add additional fields that can be merged by the `PATCH` HTTP method. The following fields were not being merge, but replaced. The limitation of this change is that it is difficult to remove fields from values from arrays. A future enhancement may be to support the [JSON Patch](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/441) specification which provides semantics for add, replace and remove.
  * `User.preferredLanguages`
  * `User.memberships`
  * `User.registrations`
  * `User.data`
  * `UserRegistration.data`
  * `UserRegistration.preferredLanguages`
  * `UserRegistration.roles`
  * `Application.data`
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #424](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/424)

### New
* [Kickstart](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/kickstart)&#8482; allows you bypass the Setup Wizard in order to FusionAuth up and running quickly. Deploy development or production instances of FusionAuth using a pre-defined configuration of Users, Groups, Applications, Tenants, Templates, API keys, etc.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #170](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/170) 🤘
  * This feature is in   *Tech Preview  * which means if we find shortcomings with the design as we gather feedback from end users it is possible we will make breaking changes to the feature to correct or enhance the functionality. Any such changes will be documented in future release notes as appropriate.
* The Tenant API can optionally take a new `sourceTenantId` parameter to allow you to create a new Tenant using the values from an existing Tenant. Using the `sourceTenantId` limits the required parameters to the Tenant name.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #311](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/311)
* Add a View action to a Group Membership in the Membership tab of the Manage User panel in the UI.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #413](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/413)

### Fixed
* A memory leak in the Nashorn JavaScript engine used to execute FusionAuth Lambdas has been resolved.
* The OAuth2 Authorization Code grant was required to complete a SAMLv2 login, this grant is no longer required to be enabled.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #432](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/432)
* Added missing `theme_manager` role to the FusionAuth application


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.13.2" releaseDate="December 30th, 2019" />

### Fixed
* During a reindex operation the status will properly be displayed on every node when viewing the User Search or the Reindex pages in the UI.
* Improve Kafka configuration validation when using the Test button in the UI.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #318](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/318), thanks to [@nikos](https://github.com/nikos) for reporting the issue!
* An exception may occur when using ReactNative with FusionAuth when an HTTP Origin header is sent to FusionAuth with a value of `file://`. The exception is caused because `file://` without a value after the double slash is not a valid URI and cannot be parsed by `java.net.URI`. However the HTTP specification indicates that an origin header with a scheme of `file://` is allowed and when used anything following the prefix is allowed. This fix follows a similar decision made by Apache Tomcat in their CORS filter, see [Bugzilla #60008](https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60008).
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #414](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/414), thanks to [@karice](https://github.com/karice) for reporting the issue and helping us debug!
* When an invalid code or expired code is used on a Passwordless login request an exception may occur.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #416](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/416), thanks to [@downagain](https://github.com/downagain) for reporting the issue!
* When a user email is verified implicitly due to a change password action that originated via an email request the `user.verified` event is now sent.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #418](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/418), thanks to [@JonasDoe](https://github.com/JonasDoe) for asking via [StackOverflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/59502335/fusionauth-webhook-user-email-verified-not-triggered-when-confirmation-happend) and then opening an issue to help us resolve the issue.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.13.1" releaseDate="December 19th, 2019" />

<Aside type="caution">
*Search Index Rebuild*

As part of the upgrade the Elasticsearch index will be rebuilt due to a modification in the index to support searching on nested collections. This additional step may cause additional load on your system until it has completed. If you have less than 100,000 users in FusionAuth you will not likely observe any meaningful impact to your system. If your user count is > 1 million, the reindex may take minutes to complete, during this time you may still use FusionAuth normally. Until your search index is completely rebuilt the Search API or User Search feature in the UI may not provide complete results.
</Aside>

### Fixed
* The Elasticsearch migration required to complete the upgrade to 1.13.0 may not always run as intended. Upgrading to this release will kick off an Elasticsearch reindex operation to correct the search index state.

<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.13.0" releaseDate="December 18th, 2019" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />


### Known Issues
* A search index rebuild is required to complete this upgrade, this operation may not automatically be started during upgrade. If you have already upgraded to this release you can either upgrade to the 1.13.1, or manually initiate a reindex request by navigating in the UI to  <Breadcrumb>System -> Reindex</Breadcrumb>.

### New
* Delete users who have not verified their email address after a specified duration
  * See [Tenant](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/tenants) configuration or the [Tenant](/docs/apis/tenants) API for additional information.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #360](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/360)
* Delete application registrations of users who have not verified their registration after a specified duration
  * See [Application](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications) configuration or the [Application](/docs/apis/applications) API for additional information.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #360](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/360)
* Delete Users by Search Query
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #361](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/361)
  * See [Bulk Delete Users](/docs/apis/users#bulk-delete-users) API.

### Fixed
* The newly supported `PATCH` HTTP method cannot be selected from the API key endpoint security settings. This means that you need to allow all methods in order to utilize the `PATCH` method. This has been resolved.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #402](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/402), thanks to [@radicaljohan](https://github.com/radicaljohan) for reporting!
* The newly supported `PATCH` HTTP method is not configurable in the CORS filter.
* An empty salt value is recommended in an error message but this was failing validation during Import using the User Import API.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #410](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/410), thanks to [@TanguyGiton](https://github.com/TanguyGiton) for reporting!
* An exception may occur when using the PATCH method on the User API when more than one tenant exists.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #400](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/400), thanks to [@JesperWe](https://github.com/JesperWe) for reporting!

### Enhancement
* `DELETE /api/user/bulk` takes `queryString` and `query` parameters to search for users to delete by Elasticsearch query string and raw JSON query, and a `dryRun` parameter to preview the affected users.  See the [User Bulk Delete API documentation](/docs/apis/users#bulk-delete-users).
  * Addresses [GitHub Issue #361](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/361)
* `POST /api/user/search` and `GET /api/user/search` take a `query` parameter to search for users by an Elasticsearch raw JSON query.  See the [User Search API documentation](/docs/apis/users#search-for-users).
  * Addresses [GitHub Issue #361](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/361)
* `/api/user/search` takes new `sortFields` for sorting search results.  See the [User Search API documentation](/docs/apis/users#search-for-users).
* The Webhook URL is no longer constrained to 191 characters. Prior to this version, this URL was considered unique and the length was constrained due to indexing limitations. The URL is no longer required to be unique and it is up to the user to limit duplicate webhooks.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #386](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/386), and thanks to [@davidmw](https://github.com/davidmw) for bringing this issue to our attention. Long URLs for everyone!


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.12.0" releaseDate="December 8th, 2019" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

### Changed

* In support of the OAuth Device Grant feature released in 1.11.0, a second template was added to separate the completion state.
  * New themed template `OAuth device complete`. Starting with version 1.12.0, templates will no longer be automatically migrated into an existing theme. We believe this is a safer choice overall. Instead your theme will be marked as requiring upgrade when viewed in the UI. You will be prompted to complete the missing templates when you edit and you will be provided with the option to copy in the default template as a starting point.
  * If FusionAuth attempts to render the missing template you will be prompted with a message indicating your theme needs to be upgraded. In generally this should happen when you are using a new feature and thus should occur at development time. Whenever a new template is added, it is recommended to edit and verify your theme right away after upgrade to ensure a smooth migration.
* In support of the HYPR integration, a new template was added that will be used when waiting for the external HYPR authentication to complete.
  * New themed template `OAuth2 wait`. Starting with version 1.12.0, templates will no longer be automatically migrated into an existing theme. We believe this is a safer choice overall. Instead your theme will be marked as requiring upgrade when viewed in the UI. You will be prompted to complete the missing templates when you edit and you will be provided with the option to copy in the default template as a starting point.
* The following theme messages were added. Until these values have been translated they will be rendered in English. At your earliest convenience you will want to add these new keys to your existing themes. You may wish to review the community provided translations which may already contain these new messages. https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-localization

```
wait-title=Complete login on your external device
waiting=Waiting

[ExternalAuthenticationExpired]=Your external authentication request has expired, please re-attempt authentication.
```

* A change has been made to how an event is sent to Webhooks when the Transaction configuration does not require any webhooks to succeed. Prior to this version each webhook would be called in order and once the status was collected from each webhook a decision was made to return to the caller or fail the request. In order to increase the performance of webhooks, when the Transaction configuration does not require any webhooks to succeed each webhook will be called in a separate thread (asynchronously) and the request will return immediately. In this scenario any failed requests will not be retried. See Webhooks for more information.

### New
* Support HYPR IdP native integration. HYPR brings passwordless and biometric options to FusionAuth.
  * See the [HYPR Identity Provider](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/identity-providers/enterprise/hypr) for additional details
* Administrative actions added to <Breadcrumb>Users -> Manage</Breadcrumb> panel.
  * Send password reset
    * always available from the drop down menu.
    * Resolves [GitHub Issue #351](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/351), thanks to [@nicholasbutlin](https://github.com/nicholasbutlin) for the suggestion!
  * Resend email verification
  * available when the user's email is not yet verified from the drop down menu.
  * Resend verification
    * available as a new row button in the *Registrations* tab when a registration is not verified.

### Fixed
* Modifying user actions with multi tenants returns a missing tenant error.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #328](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/328), thanks to [@AlvMF1](https://github.com/AlvMF1) for reporting the issue!
* The [JWT Validate](/docs/apis/jwt#validate-a-jwt) endpoint returns the wrong precision for `iat` and `exp` claims.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #347](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/347), thanks to [@uncledent](https://github.com/uncledent) for reporting and providing detailed information.
* When using the one time password returned from the Change Password API when a Refresh Token was provided during the change request a Refresh Token is not returned from the Login API.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #382](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/382), thanks to [@colingm](https://github.com/colingm) for reporting the issue.
* A "null" Origin header is allowed in the w3 spec, and when this occurs it may cause an exception when validating authorized origins.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #379](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/379), thanks to [@karice](https://github.com/karice) for reporting and excellent assist!
* Better handling on the Start Passwordless API when a user does not exist
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #377](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/377), thanks to [@smoorsausje](https://github.com/smoorsausje) for reporting!

### Enhancement
* The User Delete API will no longer delete User Actions taken by the user. Instead the API will now disassociate any UserActions created by the deleted user by removing them from the Actioning User. In this scenario, a user will remain in an Action taken by a user that has now been deleted.
* A User Action may be applied to a user in a different tenant than the User taking the action. Prior to this release, using the admin UI to take an action on a user in a different tenant may fail.
* The following APIs now support the `PATCH` HTTP method. This enhancement completes [GitHub Issue #121](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/121).
  * `/api/application`
  * `/api/application/role`
  * `/api/consents`
  * `/api/email/template`
  * `/api/group`
  * `/api/identity-provider`
  * `/api/integration`
  * `/api/lambda`
  * `/api/system-configuration`
  * `/api/tenant`
  * `/api/theme`
  * `/api/user`
  * `/api/user-action`
  * `/api/user-action-reason`
  * `/api/user/consent`
  * `/api/user/registration`
  * `/api/webhook`
* The FusionAuth client libraries now also support the PATCH method.
* When an encoded JWT is accepted in the Authorization header, FusionAuth will now accept the token in the `Bearer` or the `JWT` schema.
* When you begin an external login such as Facebook, Google or Twitter an in progress indicator will be added to the login panel to indicate to the user that a request is in progress.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #331](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/331), thanks to [@davidmw](https://github.com/davidmw) for the suggestion!
  * If you are using a theme and want to take advantage of this indicator, you can compare the stock OAuth2 Authorize template, look for the note in the top JavaScript section.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.11.0" releaseDate="October 29th, 2019" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

### Security
* A change was made to the FreeMarker template engine to remove the possibility of malicious code execution through a FreeMarker template. To exploit this vulnerability, one of two scenarios must occur. The first scenario is a user with an API key capable of adding or editing Email or Theme templates, the second scenario is a user with access to the FusionAuth admin UI that has the necessary authority to add or edit Email or Theme templates. In these two scenarios the user would need to add code to the template with the intention of executing a malicious system command. There is a low probably of this exploitation to occur if you have trusted applications and administrative users.
  * [CVE-2020-7799](https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2020-7799)

### Changed
* Remove the `sid` and the `iss` request parameters on the URL provided by `post_logout_redirect_uri`. This feature was added in version `1.10.0` and because the redirect URL may be a previously configured Logout URL or a URL provided by the `post_logout_redirect_uri` we were always adding these additional request parameters to the URL. This change will remove them from the redirect URL and they will only be added to the URLs used to build the iframes in the logout template.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #332](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/332), thanks to [@davidmw](https://github.com/davidmw) for the feedback!
* In support of the OAuth Device Grant feature, the following theme changes have been made.
  * New themed template `OAuth device`. This template has been added to each of your existing themes. As part of your migration please review this template to ensure it matches your intended style.
* The following theme messages were added. Until these values have been translated they will be rendered in English. At your earliest convenience you will want to add these new keys to your existing themes. You may wish to review the community provided translations which may already contain these new messages. https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-localization

```
device-form-title=Device login
device-login-complete=Successfully connected device
device-title=Connect Your Device

userCode=Enter your user code

[blank]user_code=Required
[invalid]user_code=Invalid user code
```

* The following hidden fields were added and you will need to update your `[#macro oauthHiddenFields]` in the theme "Helpers" of existing Themes if you intend to utilize the Device Grant or `response_mode` in the Authorization grant:

```
[@hidden name="response_mode"/]
[@hidden name="user_code"/]
```

* An update has been made to the `[@link]` macro in the Helpers template. If you intend to utilize the Device Grant you will need to add the missing parameters to your macro or copy the updated macro and usage from the default FusionAuth theme. The `user_code` request parameter has been added to this macro.


### New
* [Device Authorization Grant](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#device)
  * This satisfies [GitHub Issue #320](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/320) - OAuth2 Device Authorization Grant
  * This grant type is commonly used to connect a set top box application to a user account. For example when you connect your HBO NOW Roku application to your account you are prompted with a 6 digit code on the TV screen and instructed to open a web browser to [hbonow.com/tvcode](https://hbonow.com/tvcode) to complete the sign-in process. This process is using the OAuth Device Grant or a variation of this workflow.
* Support for the `response_mode` request parameter during the Authorization Code grant and the Implicit grant workflows.
  * This will provide support for `response_mode=form_post`
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #159](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/159), thanks to [@bertiehub](https://github.com/bertiehub) for requesting.
* An additional API is available in support of Passwordless Login to allow additional flexibility with third party integrations.
  * See [GitHub Issue #175](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/175)
  * This feature will be available in 3 steps, Start, Send and Complete. Currently the Send API generates a code and sends it to the user, and then a Login API completes the request. The change is backwards compatible, but a Start action will be provided so you may skip the Send and collect the code and send it to the user using a third party system.
  * See the [Passwordless API documentation](/docs/apis/passwordless) for additional information.

### Preview
* The `PATCH` HTTP method is available on some APIs in a developer preview. This is not yet documented and should only be used in development. The following APIs support the `PATCH` method, more to come.
  * `/api/application`
  * `/api/user`
  * `/api/user/registration`
  * This is in support of [GitHub Issue #121 - Support HTTP method PATCH](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/121).

### Fixed
* Return a `400` status code with a JSON response body on the Import API when a foreign key constraint causes the import to fail
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #317](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/317), thanks to [@AlvMF1](https://github.com/AlvMF1) for reporting the issue!
* Return a `401` status code on the `Userinfo` endpoint for invalid tokens
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #321](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/321)
* The Passwordless login external identifier complexity settings are not working
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #322](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/322), thanks to [@pawpro](https://github.com/pawpro) for letting us know!
* An error is incorrectly displayed on the Forgot Password form even when the code is valid
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #330](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/330), thanks to [@JesperWe](https://github.com/JesperWe) for reporting the issue!
* When a large number of tenants exist such as 3-5k, an exception may be thrown during a key cache reload request
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #326](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/326), thanks to [@johnmaia](https://github.com/johnmaia) for reporting!
* When using the `id_token_hint` on the Logout endpoint, if the token was issued to a user that is not registered for the application it will not contain the `applicationId` claim. This claim was being used to resolve the `client_id` required to complete logout. An alternative strategy is now used so that an `id_token` issued to a user that is registered, or not registered will work as expected when provided on the Logout endpoint.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #350](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/350), thanks to [@paulspencerwilliams](https://github.com/paulspencerwilliams) for taking the time to let us know!
* Support a SAML SP that does not send the `<samlp:NameIDPolicy />` constraint in the AuthN request, in this case we will default to `urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.1:nameid-format:emailAddress`.

### Enhancement
* Front-channel logout was made more flexible
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #324](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/324)
  * A new attribute `Logout behavior` was added to the <Breadcrumb>Application -> OAuth</Breadcrumb> configuration
    * `Redirect only` - legacy behavior of only logging out of SSO and redirecting to either the registered logout URL in the application or the `post_logout_redirect_uri`.
    * `All applications` - performs a front channel logout of all registered applications in the tenant. Optionally, the themeable `Oauth logout` page can be modified to only logout of those applications the user is registered for.
* In some cases the Facebook IdP configuration requires a permission of `email` to be configured in order for the `email` claim to be returned from the Facebook Me API even when `email` is also specified in the `field` parameter. FusionAuth will default both the `fields` and the `permissions` parameters to `email` on create if not provided to make the Facebook IdP work out of the box for more users.  Defaults will not be applied if these fields are left blank or omitted on an update.
* The [Passwordless Send API](/docs/apis/passwordless#send-passwordless-login) now takes an optional `code` parameter which will be used as the Passwordless code sent in the email.  This `code` can be generated by the new Passwordless Start API.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.10.1" releaseDate="October 1st, 2019" />

### Fixed
* When logging into Google or other external Identity Provider for an Application outside of the default tenant the login may not complete successfully. This issue was introduced in version 1.9.0. A work around is to use an application in the default tenant.
* A status code of `500` may occur during the processing of the SAML v2 response from an SAML v2 IdP.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #314](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/314), thanks to [@Raghavsalotra](https://github.com/Raghavsalotra) for all his help verifying a fix for this issue.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.10.0" releaseDate="September 30th, 2019" />


### Changed
* In support of the OpenID Connect Front Channel logout feature, the following theme changes have been made.
  * New themed template `OAuth logout`. This template has been added to each of your existing themes. As part of your migration please review this template to ensure it matches your intended style.
* The following theme messages were added. Until these values have been translated they will be rendered in English. At your earliest convenience you will want to add these new keys to your existing themes. You may wish to review the community provided translations which may already contain these new messages. https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-localization

```
logging-out=Logging out&amphellip;
logout-title=Logging out
or=Or

[ExternalAuthenticationException]=&#37;1&#36;s The login request failed.
```

### New
* Support for the OpenID Connect Front Channel logout
  * This updates the existing OAuth2 Logout endpoint to be compliant with the [OpenID Connect Front-Channel Logout 1.0 - draft 02](https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-frontchannel-1_0.html) specification
  * TL;DR The `/oauth2/logout` endpoint will call logout URLs of all tenant applications. A redirect URL can be requested on the URL via `post_logout_redirect_uri`.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #256](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/256), thanks to all who up voted and provided valuable feedback.
  * The [OpenID Connect discovery endpoint](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#openid-configuration) now returns the following attributes:
    * `end_session_endpoint`
    * `frontchannel_logout_supported`
    * `backchannel_logout_supported`

### Fixed
* Send email API may fail with a `500`. This issue was introduced in version `1.9.0`.
* SAML v2 Invalid Redirect. This resolves [GitHub Issue #287](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/287), thanks to [@prasanna10021991](https://github.com/prasanna10021991) for reporting and helping!

### Enhancement
* Allow request parameters to be provided on the Authorization endpoint in the OpenID Connect relaying party configuration. This allows FusionAuth to integrate with the [Twitch OpenID Authorization Grant implementation](https://dev.twitch.tv/docs/authentication/getting-tokens-oidc/#oidc-authorization-code-flow).
  * This resolves [GitHub Issue #309](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/309), thanks to [@tauinger-de](https://github.com/tauinger-de) for reporting and helping out!
  * This is a partial fix to work around not supporting the `claims` parameter on the Authorize request. See [GitHub Issue #308](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/308) for additional information.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.9.2" releaseDate="September 24rd, 2019" />

### Fixed
* If you have one or more themes defined prior to upgrade you may be unable to login.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #306](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/306), thanks to [@flangfeldt](https://github.com/flangfeldt) and [@jerryhopper](https://github.com/jerryhopper) for the assist!
  * See workaround in the linked GitHub issue.
  * Resolves [Internal Server Error after Fusion Auth Upgrade to v 1.9.1](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/58083668/internal-server-error-after-fusion-auth-upgrade-to-v-1-9-1), thanks to [Tom Bean](https://stackoverflow.com/users/7205239/tom-bean) for reporting!



<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.9.1" releaseDate="September 23rd, 2019" />

### Fixed
* Unable to modify the name of the default FusionAuth theme. If you attempt to edit the theme and save the form a validation error occurs that is not expected and will cause an exception. If you encounter this problem you can simply not edit the FusionAuth theme since you are not able to modify the templates anyway. Instead just duplicate the theme if you would like to view any of the default messages.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.9.0" releaseDate="September 23rd, 2019" />

### New
* Full theme localization support for errors and all other text
  * If you're interested in helping us crowd source additional languages check out this Git repo and open an issue or submit a PR.
  * https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-localization

### Fixed
* When editing a new email template that contained `${user.tenantId}` the template validation may fail.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #294](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/294), thanks to [@tauinger-de](https://github.com/tauinger-de) for reporting the issue.
* A locked account may still be able to login via Google or other external identity provider.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #301](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/301), thanks to [@jerryhopper](https://github.com/jerryhopper) (a FusionAuth MVP) for the bug report!
  * Previous to this change when using the OAuth2 login or the Login API, a locked account was treated as a "soft" lock and a `404` would be returned from the Login API which in turn displayed an Invalid credentials error. The account locked (soft delete) state will not return a `423` status code instead of a `404` which will result in a different message to the OAuth2 login.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.8.1 RC1" releaseDate="September 10th, 2019" />

<GeneralMigrationWarning warning_message="This is a release candidate. This means the version is stable and should work for most cases. However, due to the complexity of the database migration ensure you have adequately tested the upgrade prior to moving it into production. You may also wish to wait for the forthcoming full release of 1.8.1 or 1.9.0 before moving into production." />

### Fixed
* The SQL issue described below in the warning message has been resolved.
* Performing a clean install of `1.8.0-RC.1` may fail in some cases
* When `user.passwordChangeRequired` is `true` and you login via an external identity provider you will be redirected to `/password/change` with an invalid code so you will not be able to complete the change password workflow. You may work around this change by navigating back to the login page and clicking the forgot password link.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.8.0 RC1" releaseDate="September 8th, 2019" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

*Known Issues:* \
Any rows in the `user_external_ids` table with a `null` value in the `applications_id` column may cause the migration to fail. Prior to upgrading run the following SQL command: \
`DELETE from user_external_ids WHERE applications_id IS NULL;` This issue will be resolved in the final release of `1.8.0`. \
]
<GeneralMigrationWarning />

### Community MVPs

Thanks to all of our community members who take the time to open features, report bugs, assist others and help us improve FusionAuth! For this release we would like to thank the following GitHub users who helped us out!

* [@AlvMF1](https://github.com/AlvMF1)
* [@colundrum](https://github.com/colundrum)
* [@damienherve](https://github.com/damienherve)
* [@davidmw](https://github.com/davidmw)
* [@fabiojvalente](https://github.com/fabiojvalente)
* [@flangfeldt](https://github.com/flangfeldt)
* [@johnmaia](https://github.com/johnmaia)
* [@petechungtuyco](https://github.com/petechungtuyco)
* [@prabhakarreddy1234](https://github.com/prabhakarreddy1234)
* [@snmed](https://github.com/snmed)
* [@tombeany](https://github.com/tombeany)
* [@unkis](https://github.com/unkis)
* [@whiskerch](https://github.com/whiskerch)
* [@zbruhnke](https://github.com/zbruhnke)


### Changed
* Most of the configuration previously available in the System Settings has been moved to the Tenant configuration to allow for additional flexibility. This is important if you will be utilizing more than one tenant, you may now configure password policies, email configuration, etc per tenant. If you are using the System Configuration or Tenant APIs, please be aware of this change and plan accordingly. If you were manually synchronizing these configurations between systems, you will need to update these processes.
  * SMTP configuration
  * Event configuration
  * Password configuration
  * Failed Authentication configuration
  * Password configuration
  * JWT configuration
  * Theme
* When using a theme, whenever possible provide the `tenantId` on the request using an HTTP request parameter. This will help ensure FusionAuth will render the page using your chosen theme. In most cases FusionAuth can identify the correct tenant and theme based upon other parameters in the request, but in some circumstances there is not enough information and FusionAuth will default to the stock theme if the `tenantId` is not explicitly provided.
  * For example in each of the shipped email templates the following has been added to the generated URL `?tenantId=${tenantId}`. You may wish to add this to your email templates if you're using themes.
* If you were previously accessing a themed stylesheet in your template as `${loginTheme.stylesheet}` it is now accessed like this `${theme.stylesheet()}`.

### New
* Top level theme menu in FusionAuth UI. <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Themes</Breadcrumb>.
  * Create, delete, edit and update themes
  * Assign a named theme to a tenant
  * Theme preview
* User modifiable [CORS configuration](/docs/operate/secure/cors)
  * [GitHub Feature #180 : Expose a CORS configuration to the end user](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/180)
* A public key may also be retrieved by `kid` in addition to the `applicationId` when using the [Public Key API](/docs/apis/jwt#retrieve-public-keys). This resolves [GitHub Issue #227](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/227).
* PKCE support for use during the Implicit Grant
* New [User Email Verified](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/user-email-verified) and [User Registration Verified](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/user/registration/user-registration-verified) events. Resolves [GitHub Issue #163](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/163), thanks to [@unkis](https://github.com/unkis), [@prabhakarreddy1234](https://github.com/prabhakarreddy1234) and [@davidmw](https://github.com/davidmw) for the great feedback!
* Email Verification, Registration Verification, Change Password, Setup Password and Passwordless Login can be optionally configured to use codes made up of digits instead of long strings. This may be helpful if you wish the user to type in a code during an interactive workflow.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #269](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/269), thanks to [@zbruhnke](https://github.com/zbruhnke) for helping us get this one delivered.

### Fixed
* Tenant scoped SMTP configuration, password rules, event transactions, JWT signing configuration, etc.
* When viewing Refresh token expiration in the Manage User panel under the Sessions tab, the expiration may be displayed incorrectly if the Refresh Token Time to Live has been set at the Application level. The actual time to live was still correctly enforced, but this display may have been incorrect.
* In some cases an Id Token signed by FusionAuth may not be able to be verified if it is sent back to FusionAuth. This issue was introduced in version `1.6.0`.
* If the host operating system is not configured for `UTF-8` and you specify multi-byte characters in an email template subject, the subject text may not be rendered correctly when viewed by the recipient.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #231](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/231), thanks to [@Lechu67](https://stackoverflow.com/users/8266623/lechu67) for reporting via [Stack Overflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/57146832/) and helping to diagnose the issue.
* Toggle rendering issue in Firefox. Resolves [GitHub issue #260](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/260), thanks to [@snmed](https://github.com/snmed) for the assist!
* When creating users and applications programatically, due to a timing issue, you may receive an unexpected error indicating the Application does not exist. Resolves [GitHub Issue $252](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/252), thanks to [@johnmaia](https://github.com/johnmaia) for reporting the issue.
* An exception may occur when using the Login with Google feature if the `picture` claim returned is not a valid URI. Resolves [GitHub Issue #249](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/249), thanks to [@damienherve](https://github.com/damienherve) for reporting the issue.
* A tenant may fail to be deleted. Resolves [GitHub Issue #221](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/221), thanks to [@johnmaia](https://github.com/johnmaia) for the assist! If you encounter this issue, ensure the search index is updated, generally this will only happen if you programatically create users and then immediately attempt to delete a tenant.
* The relative link on the Change Password themed template to restart the Forgot Password workflow when the code has expired is broken. Resolves [GitHub Issue #280](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/280), thanks to [@flangfeldt](https://github.com/flangfeldt) for letting us know!
* The Import API may fail due to a false positive during password salt validation. Resolves [GitHub Issue #272](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/272), thanks to [@tombeany](https://github.com/tombeany) for reporting the issue.
* Modifying an Identity Provider configuration when an Application has been disabled may cause an error in the UI. Resolves [GitHub Issue #245](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/245), thanks to [@fabiojvalente](https://github.com/fabiojvalente) for reporting the issue.
* When the FusionAuth schema exists in the database and you reconnect FusionAuth using the database maintenance mode, depending upon the version of PostgreSQL we may not properly detect that the schema exists and return an error instead of continuing. Resolves [GitHub Issue #237](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/237), thanks to [@whiskerch](https://github.com/whiskerch) for reporting the issue.
* A typo in the Java FusionAuth client causes the to fail the `generateEmailVerificationId` request. Resolves [GitHub Issue #282](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/282), thanks to [@petechungtuyco](https://github.com/petechungtuyco) for reporting the issue and pointing out the solution!

### Enhancement
* [JWT Refresh Token Revoke](/docs/extend/events-and-webhooks/events/jwt/jwt-refresh-token-revoke) event will contain a User object when available
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #255](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/255), thanks to [@AlvMF1](https://github.com/AlvMF1) for the great suggestion!
* In a themed template that may have the `passwordValidationRules` available after a password validation field error will now always have the `passwordValidationRules` available if you choose to display them. Resolves [GitHub Issue #263](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/263), thanks to [@AlvMF1](https://github.com/AlvMF1) for the suggestion!
* Updated PostgresSQL connector to support `SCRAM-SHA-256`. Thanks to [@colundrum](https://github.com/colundrum) for letting us know and assisting in testing. Resolves [GitHub Issue #209](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/209)
* The [OpenID Connect discovery endpoint](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#openid-configuration) now accepts optional `tenantId` request parameter.
* A [User](/docs/apis/users) object is returned in the `jwt.refresh-token.revoke` event JSON.
* The field `tenantId` is returned in event JSON.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.7.4" releaseDate="August 22th, 2019" />

### Fixed
* When configuring a SAML v2 IdP relying party using the FusionAuth SP metadata, the configured ACS may not work properly. If you encounter this issue you may manually modify the relying party configuration to change the ACS endpoint to `/oauth2/callback`.
  * Resolves [Stack Overflow : FusionAuth ADFS integration issue](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/57607810/fusionauth-adfs-integration-issue), thanks to [@johan](https://stackoverflow.com/users/3702939/johan) for reporting the issue.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.7.3" releaseDate="August 15th, 2019" />

### New
* SAML v2, OpenID Connect, Google, Facebook, Twitter and External JWT Identity Provider configurations now have a debug flag. When enabled a debug Event Log will be created during each request to the Identity Provider to assist in debugging integration issues that may occur. In addition, error cases will be logged in the Event log instead of to the product log.
* SAML v2 Service Provider (Relaying Party) Metadata URL

### Fixed
* In some cases when running FusionAuth behind a proxy without setting the `X-Forwarded-Port` header the URLs returned in the OpenID Configuration discovery document may contain an `https` URL that is suffixed with port `80`. If this is encountered prior to this version you may simply add the `X-Forwarded-Port` header in your proxy configuration.
* SAML v2 fix when using `urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:nameid-format:transient` or `urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:nameid-format:persistent` Name Id formats.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #205](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/205), thanks to [@mikerees](https://github.com/mikerees) for reporting the issue and helping us test a fix.
* SAML v2 fix in the IdP Metadata. The `IDPSSODescriptor` was missing the `protocolSupportEnumeration` which may cause some SAML metadata parsers to fail processing.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #235](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/235), thanks to [@user1970869 ](https://github.com/user1970869 ) for reporting the issue and helping us test a fix.
* SAML v2 fix in the IdP Metadata. The value returned in the `issuer` attribute was not the same as the `entityId` provided in the metadata which may cause some SAML metadata parsers to fail processing.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #240](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/240), thanks to [@user1970869 ](https://github.com/user1970869 ) for reporting the issue and helping us test a fix.
* And audit log entry may not be created for a FusionAuth admin that does not have an email address when modifying configuration with the FusionAuth UI.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #268](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/268)

### Enhancement
* Integration details have been moved to a view dialog for each Identity Provider configuration. Previously these values were provided as read only fields on the edit panel in the UI.
  * See the View action for your Identity Provider configurations by navigating to <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Identity Providers</Breadcrumb>.



<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.7.2" releaseDate="June 19th, 2019" />

### Fixed
* Deleting a user that has recently had a failed login may fail when FusionAuth is tracking failed login attempts to lock user accounts.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #184 : Cannot delete user with too many login attempts](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/184), thanks to [@gmpreussner](https://github.com/gmpreussner) for reporting the issue.
* Login to a 3rd party SAML IdP may fail
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #181 : Trouble with SAML and OpenID logins](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/181), thanks to [@davidmw](https://github.com/davidmw) for reporting the issue.
* Fix the uptime calculation for nodes when viewed in the About panel. <Breadcrumb>System -> About</Breadcrumb>


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.7.1" releaseDate="June 13th, 2019" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

### Fixed
* Possible migration error for PostgreSQL users


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.7.0" releaseDate="June 13th, 2019" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />


### Changed
* The `timezone` field in the User and UserRegistration must be a [IANA](https://www.iana.org/time-zones) time zone. This was previously assumed, but not always enforced. If a timezone is set for a User or UserRegistration that is not a valid IANA timezone, `null` will be returned when retrieving the User or UserRegistration timezone.

### New
* Family and relationship modeling. Yeah, everyone has users, but does your IdP manage family relationships?
  * Family concepts
  * [Family APIs](/docs/apis/families)
* Consent management. Need to record parental consent, or track opt-in for your users? Look no further.
  * Consent concepts
  * [Consent APIs](/docs/apis/consents)
  * We will ship FusionAuth with COPPA VPC, and COPPA Email+ consents, additional consents may be added through the Consent management interface and through the Consent APIs.
* Export of Audit Logs to a zipped CSV in the UI and via the [Export API](/docs/apis/audit-logs#export-audit-logs)
* Export of Login Records to a zipped CSV in the UI and via the [Export API](/docs/apis/login#export-login-records)
* Login Record view that contains limited search and pagination capability. In the UI see <Breadcrumb>System -> Login Records</Breadcrumb>
* Retention policy for Audit Logs. This feature is disabled by default and may be enabled to retain a configured number of days worth of Audit Logs.
* Retention policy for Login Records. This feature is disabled by default and may be enabled to retain a configured number of days worth of Login Records.

### Fixed
* Some timezones may not be correctly discovered during login. When this occurs an `undefined` value is set which may cause an error during login to the FusionAuth UI.
* Support importing Bcrypt hashes that contain a `.` (dot). The Bcrypt Base64 encoding uses a non standard character set which includes a `.` (dot) instead of a `+` (plus) as in the standard character set. Thank you to Diego Souza Rodrigues for discovering this issue and letting us know!.
* Better support for third party 2FA devices such as an RSA key fob. When providing FusionAuth with a secret to enable Two Factor authentication we will accept a string in a Bas32 or Base64 encoded format. The documentation has been updated to further clarify this behavior. Previously if you brought your own secret to FusionAuth to enable 2FA, depending upon the format of the key, you may not have been successful in enabling 2FA for a user.
* Managed domains were not being returned properly for a SAML v2 IdP configuration. This means that you could not limit the SAML v2 IdP configuration to users with a specific email domain.

### Enhancement
* The User Registration object is now available as a top level object in the Verify Registration email template. The registration was previously available in the `user` object, but it will now also be a top level object `registration`.
* Support arbitrary URIs for OAuth redirects.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #58 : Support OAuth2 redirect to an arbitrary scheme in support of native applications](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/58)
* Add `user.mobilePhone` to the search index. For an existing installation, to take advantage of this field for existing users, you may need to rebuild the search index. See <Breadcrumb>System -> Reindex</Breadcrumb>
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #165 : Add mobilePhone in User Search](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/165)
  * Thanks to [@petechungtuyco](https://github.com/petechungtuyco) for letting us know and suggesting the addition.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.6.1" releaseDate="May 2nd, 2019" />

### Fixed
* Using OpenID Connect with Microsoft Azure AD may fail
  * Thanks to [@stevenrombauts](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/153) and [@plunkettscott](https://github.com/plunkettscott) for reporting the issue. [OpenID connect fails with Azure AD #153](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/153).


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.6.0" releaseDate="April 28th, 2019" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />


<Aside type="note">
The SAML specification is complex and not all SAML v2 Service Providers are specification compliant. This means your mileage may vary as you utilize the FusionAuth SAML v2 IdP to allow services such as Zendesk, Pivotal and Google G-Suite to log into FusionAuth using SAML v2. If you run into problems open a GitHub issue and we will try to help.
</Aside>

### Changed
* Deprecated the following properties `SystemConfiguration` and `Application` domain. This is all now managed through Key Master, and existing keys have been migrated into Key Master.
  * `jwtConfiguration.issuer`
  * `jwtConfiguration.algorithm`
  * `jwtConfiguration.secret`
  * `jwtConfiguration.publicKey`
  * `jwtConfiguration.privateKey`
* Deprecated the following property `SystemConfiguration.jwtConfiguration.issuer`, it has moved to `SystemConfiguration.issuer`.
* A new macro was added to the `_helpers.ftl` that may be managed by your theme. If you have modified the `_helpers.ftl` template as part of your theme, you will either need to reset that template and merge your changes back in, or add the following code to your `_helpers.ftl` managed by your theme. If you encounter an issue with this, you will still likely be able to login to correct the issue, if you do get stuck you may disable your theme to login. See [Troubleshooting themes](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/#troubleshooting).

```html
[#macro link url text extraParameters=""]
  <a href="${url}?tenantId=${(tenantId)!''}&client_id=${(client_id?url)!''}&nonce=${(nonce?url)!''}&redirect_uri=${(redirect_uri?url)!''}&response_type=${(response_type?url)!''}&scope=${(scope?url)!''}&state=${(state?url)!''}&timezone=${(timezone?url)!''}&metaData.device.name=${(metaData.device.name?url)!''}&metaData.device.type=${(metaData.device.type?url)!''}${extraParameters!''}">
    ${text?html}
  </a>
[/#macro]
```
____

### New
* Support for SAMLv2 IdP. This satisfies [GitHub Issue #3](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/3)
* Support for SAMLv2 Service Provider to support federated authentication to a SAMLv2 Identity Provider. This satisfies [GitHub Issue #104](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/104)
* Lambda support. Lambdas are user defined JavaScript functions that may be executed at runtime to perform various functions. In the initial release of Lambda support they can be used to customize the claims returned in a JWT, reconcile a SAML v2 response or an OpenID Connect response when using these Identity Providers.
  * See the Lambda API and the new Lambda settings in the UI <Breadcrumb>Settings -> Lambdas</Breadcrumb>.
* Event Log. The event log will assist developers during integration to debug integrations. The event log will be found in the UI under <Breadcrumb>System -> Event Log</Breadcrumb>.
  * SMTP Transport errors
  * Lambda execution exceptions
  * Lambda debug output
  * SAML IdP integration errors and debug
  * Runtime exceptions due to email template rendering issues
  * And more!
* Key Master, manage HMAC, Elliptic and RSA keys, import, download, generate, we do it all here at Key Master.
  * [Key APIs](/docs/apis/keys)
* New events
   * `user.login.failed`
   * `user.login.success`
   * `user.registration.create`
   * `user.registration.update`
   * `user.registration.delete`
* Easily duplicate email templates using the Duplicate action.
  * https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/142
* Manage Access Token and Id Token signing separately


### Enhancement
* Insert instant provided on the Import API for Users and Registrations will be reflected in the historical registration reports
  * https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/144
* Additional node information will be available on the About panel when running multiple FusionAuth nodes in a cluster. See <Breadcrumb>System -> About</Breadcrumb>.

### Fixed
* If Passwordless login is disabled because no email template has been configured the button will not be displayed on the login panel. If a user attempts to use the passwordless login and the feature has been disabled or the user does not have an email address a error will be displayed to alert the user.
* If you are using the Implicit Grant and you have Self Service Registration enabled for the same application, the redirect after the registration check will assume you are using the Authorization Code grant. To work around this issue prior to this release, disable Self Service Registration. Thanks to [@whiskerch](https://github.com/whiskerch) for reporting this issue in [GitHub Issue #102](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/102).
* Fixed OpenID Connect federated login. Our JavaScript code was throwing an exception due to the removal of the `device` field from OAuth. This code wasn't updated and therefore would not perform the redirect to the third-party Open ID Connect IdP. To fix this issue in 1.5.0 or below, you can remove this line from OpenIDConnect.js on or near line 48: `+ '&device=' + Prime.Document.queryFirst('input[name=device]').getValue()`.
* When you use the Refresh Grant with a Refresh Token that was obtained using the Authorization Code grant using the `openid` scope, the response will not contain an `id_token` as you would expect. This fixes [GitHub Issue #110 - OIDC and Refresh Tokens](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/110). Thanks to [@fabiosimeoni](https://github.com/fabiosimeoni) for reporting this issue
* When using the OpenID Connect Identity Provider that requires client authentication may fail even when you provide a client secret in your OpenID Connect configuration.
* https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/118
* https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/119
* https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/122



<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.5.0" releaseDate="March 25th, 2019" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

### Changed
* Removed `/oauth2/token` from the CORS configuration. This change will cause the CORS filter to reject a `POST` request to the `/oauth2/token` endpoint when the request originates in JavaScript from a different domain. This will effectively prohibit the use of the OAuth2 Password grant from JavaScript.
* The `device` parameter is no longer required on the [Login API](/docs/apis/login) or the [Authorized](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#authorize) endpoint in order to receive a Refresh Token. If the `device` parameter is provided it will be ignored.
* Correct the [Refresh API](/docs/apis/jwt#refresh-a-jwt) response body to match the documentation. If you are currently consuming the JSON body of this API using the `POST` method, you will need to update your integration to match the documented response body.

### New
* Support for Passwordless login via email. See [Passwordless API](/docs/apis/passwordless) if you'll be integrating with this API to build your own login form.
    * To use this feature using the provided FusionAuth login form, enable Passwordless by navigating to your FusionAuth Application and selecting the `Security` tab.
* Support for the OAuth2 Implicit Grant. See the [OAuth 2.0 & OpenID Connect Overview](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/) and [OAuth 2.0 Endpoints](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints) for additional information.
* The `Authorization Code`, `Password`, `Implicit` and `Refresh Token` grants maybe enabled or disabled per application. See `oauthConfiguration.enabledGrants` property in the [Application API](/docs/apis/applications), or the `OAuth` tab in the Application configuration in the FusionAuth UI.
* The [Change Password API](/docs/apis/users) can be called using a JWT. This provides additional support for the Change Password workflow in a single page web application. See the Change Password API for additional details.
* The [Change Password API](/docs/apis/users) in some cases will return a One Time password (OTP). This password may then be exchanged for a new JWT and a Refresh Token on the Login API. This allows for a more seamless user experience when performing a change password workflow. See the Change Password and Login API for additional details.
* The [Login API](/docs/apis/login) can now be restricted to require an API key. The default for new applications will require authentication which can be disabled. Existing applications will not require authentication via API to preserve the existing behavior. The Login API may also be restricted from return Refresh Tokens are allowing an existing Refresh Token be used to refresh an Access Token. These settings will be configurable per Application, see the Application API for additional details, or the `Security` tab in the Application configuration in the UI. If using the [Application API](/docs/apis/applications), see the `application.loginConfiguration` parameters.
* The `c_hash`, `at_hash` and `nonce` claims will be added to the `id_token` payload for the appropriate grants.
* Add support for `client_secret_post` to the already provided `client_secret_basic` Client Authentication method. This means that in addition to using HTTP Basic Authentication, you may also provide the `client_id` and `client_secret` in the request body.

### Enhancement
* Better ECDSA private and public key validation to ensure the algorithm selected by the user matches the provided key.
* When using the Change Password workflow in the OAuth2 Implicit or Authorization Code grants, the user will be automatically logged in upon completing a change password that is required during login.
* The Two Factor Login API will return the `twoFactorTrustId` as an HTTP Only secure cookie in addition to being returned in the JSON response body. This provides additional support and ease of use when making use of this API in a single page web application. See the Two Factor Login API for additional details.

### Fixed
* When using the Login Report in the UI and searching by user, if you have more than one tenant you will encounter an error.
* Validation errors are not displayed in the Add Claim dialog when configuring claim mapping for an External JWT Identity Provider
* Calling the Tenant API with the `POST` or `PUT` methods w/out a request body will result in a `500` instead of a `400` with an error message.
* When a locale preference has not been set for a FusionAuth admin and the English locale is used the user may see dates displayed in `d/M/yyyy` instead of `M/d/yyyy`.
* Fix some form validation errors during self-registration.
* The Action user action on the Manage User panel was opening the Comment dialog instead of the Action user dialog
* When a user has 2FA enabled and a password change is required during login, the 2FA will now occur before the change password workflow
* When more than one tenant exists, the Forgot Password link on the FusionAuth login page will not function properly.
* The Logout API may not always delete the `access_token` and `refresh_token` cookies if they exist on the browser.
* The `id_token` will be signed with the `client_secret` when `HS256`, `HS384` or `HS512` is selected as the signing algorithm. This is necessary for compliance with [OpenID Connect Core 3.1.3.7 ID Token Validation](https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html#IDTokenValidation). This fixes GitHub issue [GitHub Issue #57](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/57), thanks to [@anbraten](https://github.com/anbraten) for reporting this issue. If you encounter this issue prior to this version, copy the Client Secret found in the UI on the `OAuth` tab of your Application configuration into the HMAC secret on the `JWT` configuration tab.
* The [Login API](/docs/apis/login) will now return a `400` with an error JSON response body if the `applicationId` parameter does not belong to any configured applications. Previous to this release, this was treated the same as if the User was not registered to the requested application.
* A change to the Docker build for permissions reduced the overall `fusionauth-app` image by ~ 200 MB.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.4.0" releaseDate="February 4th, 2019" />

<Aside type="note">
The FusionAuth System Requirements have been updated. Please review the updated requirements to ensure you have met the minimum supported versions of operating system and database.
</Aside>

### Changed
* Renamed `Type` enum in `DeviceInfo` class to `DeviceType`. This will only affect you if you are using the Java or C# client and reference this enum directly. If you are using this class directly, you may need to update an import in your client code.
* More than one authorization code may exist for a single user at a given time. This will allow multiple asynchronous requests to begin an OAuth2 Authorization Grant workflow and succeed regardless of order.

### New
* Self service registration. You may optionally enable this feature per application and allow users to create a new account or register for new applications without building your own registration forms.
* JSON Web Key set support. This endpoint will be exposed at `/.well-known/jwks.json` and will be published in the [OpenID Configuration](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#openid-configuration) metadata endpoint as well. Prior to this release the public keys used to sign JSON Web Tokens were only available in PEM format using the [Public Key API](/docs/apis/jwt#retrieve-public-keys), this endpoint will still be available and supported.
  * See [JSON Web Key Set (JWKS)](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#json-web-key-set-jwks) for more information.
* Added Elliptic Curve signature support for JSON Web Tokens, ES256, ES384 and ES512.
* Added Typescript client library https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-typescript-client
* The Login Report may now be optionally filtered to a particular User in the UI, and the [Login Report](/docs/apis/reports#retrieve-login-report) API will now take `loginId` or `userId`.

### Fixed
* When using Docker compose, if you start up with `--pull` to update to the latest version of FusionAuth and there happens to be a database schema update, the silent configuration mode may fail. This occurs because the silent configuration was not performing the database schema update automatically. If you encounter this issue, you will need to manually update the schema.
  * This will only occur if you are running a version of FusionAuth prior to `1.1.0` and upgrade using `--pull` during `docker compose up`.
* When you have multiple tenants created, a tenant may be deleted with an API key that is not assigned to the tenant. This has been corrected and a tenant may only be deleted using an API key that is not assigned to any tenant. This issue will only affect you if you have more than one tenant.
* Updated Maintenance Mode (setup wizard) to work with MySQL version 8.0.13 and above. MySQL has changed their SSL/TLS handling and our connections were not correctly handling public keys. This has been fixed by allowing FusionAuth to perform a secondary request to MySQL to fetch the public key.
* Logging in with a Social Login provider such as Google for an existing FusionAuth user may cause them to be unable to login to FusionAuth directly using their original credentials.
* When using the OpenID Connect Identity Provider, the incoming claim `given_name` was being saved in the `fullName` field instead of the `firstName`.
* When a user is soft deleted, actioned to prevent login, expired, or they have changed their password since their last login, their SSO session will be invalidated instead of waiting for the session to expire.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #59 :Using a access token for a lock account](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/59)

### Internal
* Upgrade to fusionauth-jwt 3.0.1 in support of Elliptic Curve crypto support.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.3.1" releaseDate="December 19th, 2018" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

### Changed
* API key will take precedence for API authentication if both a JWT and an API key are provided on the request. For example, when making a GET request to the User API, if a JWT is provided in a cookie, and a valid API key is also provided in the `Authorization` HTTP header, the previous design was to prefer the JWT. This design point meant that even when an API key was provided, even when providing a valid API key, you would be unable to retrieve any user but the one represented by the JWT.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #43 : Id is ignored on Retrieve User when JWT is present](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/43)
* The `client_id` is no longer required on the OAuth Token endpoint when client authentication is configured as required, in this scenario the client Id is provided in the HTTP Basic Authorization header.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #54 :Token request returning 500 when client_id is omitted](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/54)

### Fixed
* When editing the JWT settings in the FusionAuth application the UI a JavaScript error may cause some of the settings to not render properly. This error was introduced in version `1.3.0`.
* Added missing properties to the Application view dialog in the FusionAuth UI.
* The `openid` scope may not be honored during login when a user has Two Factor authentication enabled. The symptom of this issue is that the response from the Token endpoint will not contain an `id_token` even when the `openid` scope was requested.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #53 : Authorization with scope openid fails when 2FA is enabled](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/53)
* Validation for the OAuth2 Token endpoint may fail when the `client_id` request body parameter is omitted and return a `500` instead of a `400` status code.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #54 : Token request returning 500 when client_id is omitted](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/54)
* When a OAuth2 redirect URI is registered with a query parameter, the resulting redirect URI will not be built correctly.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #55 : Adding a query parameter to the redirect_uri causes an invalid URI to be returned](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/55)
* When trying to configure Elasticsearch engine during maintenance mode the index may get created but fail to leave maintenance mode. FusionAuth makes a `HEAD` request to Elasticsearch to check if the required indexes exist during startup and prior to leaving maintenance mode. When connected to an AWS Elasticsearch cluster this request does not behave as expected which causes FusionAuth to stay in maintenance mode. This issue has been resolved and should allow FusionAuth to properly connect to and utilize Elasticsearch running in an AWS cluster.



<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.3.0" releaseDate="December 5th, 2018" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

### New
* An Application may disable the issue of refresh tokens through configuration. See `oauthConfiguration.generateRefreshTokens` in the [Application API](/docs/apis/applications) or the `Generate refresh tokens` toggle in the FusionAuth UI when editing an application.
* The OAuth2 client secret may be optionally regenerated using the FusionAuth UI during Application edit.
* Support for OAuth2 confidential clients, this is supported by optionally requiring client authentication via configuration. See `oauthConfiguration.requireClientAuthentication` in the [Application API](/docs/apis/applications) or the `Require authentication` toggle in the FusionAuth UI when editing an application.

### Fixed
* Calling the [Introspect](/docs/lifecycle/authenticate-users/oauth/endpoints#introspect) endpoint with a JWT returned from the Issue API may fail due to the missing `aud` claim.
* The MySQL schema previously was using `random_bytes` which is not available in MariaDB. These usages have been replaced with an equivalent that will function the same in MySQL and MariaDB.
  * Thanks to [@anbraten](https://github.com/anbraten) for bringing this to our attention and suggesting and verifying a solution via [GitHub Issue #48 : Support for MariaDB](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/48)
* When editing or adding a new user in the FusionAuth UI, the `Birthdate` field may get set automatically before the date selector is utilized. A JavaScript error was causing this condition and it has been fixed.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #41 : Birthday is autofilled when adding or editing a user](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/41)


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.2.2" releaseDate="November 27th, 2018" />

### Fixed
* Add `X-FusionAuth-TenantId` to allowed CORS headers.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #44 : CORS blocks API request containing X-FusionAuth-TenantId](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/44)
* When FusionAuth is running behind a proxy such as an AWS ALB / ELB the redirect URI required to complete login may not be resolved correctly. This may cause the redirect back to the FusionAuth UI login to fail with a CSRF exception. If you encounter this issue you may see an error message that says `Something doesn't seem right. You have been logged out of FusionAuth`. The work-around for this issue if you encounter it will be to perform the redirect from HTTP to HTTPS in your load balancer.
* Some minor usability issues in the Identity Provider configuration UI.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.2.1" releaseDate="November 16th, 2018" />

### Enhancement
* Better error handling when an API caller sends invalid JSON messages. Prior to this enhancement if FusionAuth did not provide a specific error message for a particular field a `500` HTTP status code was returned if the JSON could not be parsed properly. This enhancement will ensure that sending a FusionAuth API invalid JSON will consistently result in a `400` status code with a JSON body describing the error.
  * Resolves [GitHub Issue #17 : Malformed or invalid JSON causes 500 error](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues/17)
* Allow an Identity Provider to be enabled and disabled from the UI. You may still choose to enable or disable a specific Application for use with an Identity Provider, but with this enhancement you may not turn off an Identity Provider for all Applications with one switch.

### Fixed
* Preserve Application Identity Provider configuration for disabled Applications when editing a Identity Provider from the UI.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.2.0" releaseDate="November 15th, 2018" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

### New
* Add TTL configuration for Refresh Tokens to the Application configuration. When you enable JWT configuration per Application this value will override the global setting.

### Fixed
* An error in the Twitter OAuth v1 workflow has been resolved.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.1.1" releaseDate="November 13th, 2018" />

### Fixed
* If you were to have an Identity Provider for federated third party JSON Web Tokens configured prior to upgrading to `1.1.0` FusionAuth may fail during the database migration to version `1.1.0`.

<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.1.0" releaseDate="November 13th, 2018" />

<DatabaseMigrationWarning />

### New
* Social login support
  * [Facebook](/docs/apis/identity-providers/facebook) Identity Provider
  * [Google](/docs/apis/identity-providers/google) Identity Provider
  * [Twitter](/docs/apis/identity-providers/twitter) Identity Provider
  * [OpenID Connect](/docs/apis/identity-providers/openid-connect) Identity Provider
* Full theme support for login. See the [Login Theme](/docs/customize/look-and-feel/) tutorial for additional information and examples.
* Better localization support in the FusionAuth UI. You now have the option to set or modify your preferred language for use in the FusionAuth UI.
Providing a preferred language will cause dates to be formatted based upon your preference. For example, the default data format is `M/D/YYYY`, but
if you are not in the United States this may not be the way you expect a date to be formatted. If you set your locale to `French` you will now
see a more appropriate format of `D/M/YYYY`. This value is stored on the User Registration for FusionAuth in the `preferredLanguages` field.

### Enhancement
* When viewing sessions (refresh tokens) on the Manage User panel, the start and expiration times will be displayed.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.0.18" releaseDate="October 29th, 2018" />

### Fixed
* If FusionAuth starts up in maintenance mode and stays there for an extended period of time without the User completing the configuration from the web browser, FusionAuth may get stuck in maintenance mode. If you encounter this issue, where you seemingly are entering the correct credentials on the Database configuration page and are unable to continue, restart FusionAuth and the issue will be resolved.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.0.17" releaseDate="October 5th, 2018" />

### Fixed
* When running in Docker Compose, FusionAuth cannot connect to the search service when trying to exit the setup wizard.
  * https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-containers/issues/2


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.0.16" releaseDate="October 5th, 2018" />

### Enhancement
* Better support for running in Docker. Enhanced silent configuration capability for database and search engine boot strap configuration in Docker Compose to be more resilient.

### Fixed
* If custom data is added to an Application, Group or Tenant before editing the corresponding object in the UI, the custom data may be lost.


<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.0.15" releaseDate="October 1st, 2018" />

### New
* Better support for running in Docker. Configuration can be override using environment variables. See [Docker Install](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/docker) for additional information.

### Fixed
* The first time a user reached the failed login threshold and a `409` response code was returned the response body was empty. Subsequent login requests correctly returned the JSON response body with the `409`, now the JSON response body is correctly returned the first time the user reaches the failed login threshold.



<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.0.14" releaseDate="September 17th, 2018" />

### Fixed
* When using PostgreSQL an exception may occur during an internal cache reload request. If you encounter this issue you will see a stack trace in the `fusionauth-app.log`. If you see this error and need assistance, please open an issue in the FusionAuth [Issues](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues) GitHub project.

```
Unexpected error. We're missing an internal API key to notify distributed caches.
```



<ReleaseNoteHeading version="1.0.13" releaseDate="September 12th, 2018" />

### New
* General availability release

</ReleaseNotesSelector>

{/*
<script>
var options = '';
var elements = document.querySelectorAll('section.release-note h2');
for (var i = 0; i < elements.length; i++) {
  var element = elements[i];
  options += '<option value="' + element.id + '">' + element.innerHTML.trim() + '</option>\n';
}

var select = document.getElementById('release-notes-version');
select.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', options);
select.addEventListener('change', function() {
  window.location.hash = select.options[select.selectedIndex].value;
});
</script>
*/}

# Release Notes

import ReleaseNotes from 'src/components/docs/release-notes/ReleaseNotes.astro';
import ReleaseNotesSelector from 'src/components/docs/release-notes/ReleaseNotesSelector.astro';

{/* eslint-disable-line */}<div style="float:right; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="not-prose"><a class="ml-2 border-b-0 no-underline" href="/docs/releases.xml"><i class="fas fa-rss text-orange-500"/></a></span></div>

For the best experience, always upgrade to the latest version of FusionAuth. For more information about upgrading, see our [Upgrade FusionAuth Guide](/docs/operate/deploy/upgrade).

For a high-level overview of changes in each release, see the [Release Updates topic on our Blog](/blog/category/release-updates/).

To jump to a specific version that interests you, choose a version from the dropdown:

<ReleaseNotesSelector />

To filter release notes by category, select a category or multiple categories below:

<ReleaseNotes />

For release notes older than 1.44.0, see the [release notes archive](/docs/release-notes/archive).

# Android SDK

import RemoteContent from 'src/components/RemoteContent.astro';

<RemoteContent url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-android-sdk/main/README.md"
    tags="forDocSiteOverview" />

## Getting Started

If you are new to Android development, you may want to start with the Quickstart guide. If you are already familiar with Android development, skip to the Configuration section.

### Quickstart

<RemoteContent url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-android-sdk/main/README.md"
               tags="forDocSiteQuickstart" />

### Configuration

<RemoteContent url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-android-sdk/main/README.md"
               tags="forDocSiteGettingStarted" />

## Usage

<RemoteContent url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-android-sdk/main/README.md"
    tags="forDocSiteUsage" />

## Example App

<RemoteContent url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-android-sdk/main/README.md"
    tags="forDocSiteExampleApp" />

## Documentation

The latest full library documentation of the SDK is available here: https://fusionauth.github.io/fusionauth-android-sdk/.

## Source Code

The source code is available here: https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-android-sdk/

# Angular SDK

import HostedBackendWarning from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_hosted-backend-warning.md';
import RemoteContent from 'src/components/RemoteContent.astro';
import SdkUpgradePolicy from 'src/content/docs/sdks/_upgrade-policy.mdx';

<RemoteContent url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-javascript-sdk/main/packages/sdk-angular/README.md"
               tags="forDocSite" />


## Usage With FusionAuth Cloud

<HostedBackendWarning />

## Source Code

The source code is available here: https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-javascript-sdk/tree/main/packages/sdk-angular/

## Upgrade Policy

<SdkUpgradePolicy/>

# Go Example Apps

import ExampleAppsIntro from 'src/content/docs/sdks/examples/_example_apps_intro.mdx';
import ExampleFooter from 'src/content/docs/sdks/examples/_example-footer.astro';

<ExampleAppsIntro language="go" />

<ExampleFooter language="go" />

# Example Apps

import ExampleAppsIntro from 'src/content/docs/sdks/examples/_example_apps_intro.mdx';
import ExampleAppsList from 'src/content/docs/sdks/examples/_index-list.astro';

<ExampleAppsIntro />

<ExampleAppsList />

# Java Example Apps

import ExampleAppsIntro from 'src/content/docs/sdks/examples/_example_apps_intro.mdx';
import ExampleFooter from 'src/content/docs/sdks/examples/_example-footer.astro';

<ExampleAppsIntro language="java" />

<ExampleFooter language="java" />

# Typescript, Node and JavaScript Example Apps

import ExampleAppsIntro from 'src/content/docs/sdks/examples/_example_apps_intro.mdx';
import ExampleFooter from 'src/content/docs/sdks/examples/_example-footer.astro';

<ExampleAppsIntro language="typescript" />

<ExampleFooter language="javascript" />

# .NET Core Example Apps

import ExampleAppsIntro from 'src/content/docs/sdks/examples/_example_apps_intro.mdx';
import ExampleFooter from 'src/content/docs/sdks/examples/_example-footer.astro';

<ExampleAppsIntro language="netcore" />

<ExampleFooter language="netcore" />

# PHP Example Apps

import ExampleAppsIntro from 'src/content/docs/sdks/examples/_example_apps_intro.mdx';
import ExampleFooter from 'src/content/docs/sdks/examples/_example-footer.astro';

<ExampleAppsIntro language="php" />

<ExampleFooter language="php" />

# Python Example Apps

import ExampleAppsIntro from 'src/content/docs/sdks/examples/_example_apps_intro.mdx';
import ExampleFooter from 'src/content/docs/sdks/examples/_example-footer.astro';

<ExampleAppsIntro language="python" />

<ExampleFooter language="python" />

# Ruby Example Apps

import ExampleAppsIntro from 'src/content/docs/sdks/examples/_example_apps_intro.mdx';
import ExampleFooter from 'src/content/docs/sdks/examples/_example-footer.astro';

<ExampleAppsIntro language="ruby" />

<ExampleFooter language="ruby" />

# Go Client Library

import ExampleApps from 'src/content/docs/sdks/examples/_example-footer.astro';
import HowToUseClientLibraries from 'src/content/docs/sdks/_how-to-use-client-libraries.mdx';
import SdkUpgradePolicy from 'src/content/docs/sdks/_upgrade-policy.mdx';
import StaticPatchNote from 'src/content/docs/sdks/_static-patch-note.mdx';

The Go client library allows you to integrate FusionAuth with your Go application.

Source Code:

* https://github.com/FusionAuth/go-client

{/*  TODO change this across all the client libraries */}

### Installation

```bash
go mod init example.com/test/fusionauth
go mod tidy
```

### Example Usage

Put this file in `fusionauth.go`

```go
package main

import (
    "net/http"
    "net/url"
    "time"
    "fmt"

    "github.com/FusionAuth/go-client/pkg/fusionauth"
)

const host = "http://localhost:9011"

var apiKey = "YOUR_API_KEY"

var httpClient = &http.Client{
	Timeout: time.Second * 10,
}

var baseURL, _ = url.Parse(host)

{/*  Construct a new FusionAuth Client */}
var client = fusionauth.NewClient(httpClient, baseURL, apiKey)

func main() {
    response, errors, err := client.RetrieveUserByEmail("user@example.com")
    if err != nil {
        // err is a transport layer error (connection failed, etc)
        fmt.Println(err)   
        return
    }
    if errors != nil {
        // err is a FusionAuth response error (user couldn't be found, etc)
        fmt.Println(response.StatusCode)
        return
    }
    fmt.Println(response.User.Email)   
    fmt.Println(response.User.FirstName)   
    fmt.Println(response.User.LastName)   
}
```

To build an executable:

```bash
go build
```

To run:

```bash
./fusionauth
```

### Usage Suggestions

<HowToUseClientLibraries />

## PATCH requests

<StaticPatchNote client_library_language="Go" />

### Example apps
<ExampleApps language="go" />

## Upgrade Policy

<SdkUpgradePolicy/>

# Client Libraries and SDKs

import HowToUseClientLibraries from 'src/content/docs/sdks/_how-to-use-client-libraries.mdx';
import SdkUpgradePolicy from 'src/content/docs/sdks/_upgrade-policy.mdx';
import Versioning from 'src/content/docs/operate/deploy/_client-library-versioning.mdx'

Client libraries and SDKs will help you quickly integrate your application with FusionAuth. All of our client libraries are open source and hosted on our [GitHub account](https://github.com/FusionAuth). You can fork and tweak them as well as look over the code to learn how the client libraries work.

## SDKs vs Client Libraries

At FusionAuth, a **client library** is a thin wrapper over our FusionAuth APIs, and it provides complete coverage over all public FusionAuth API endpoints. A client library is like a set of legos, to be put together by a developer who wants to extend or manipulate FusionAuth to meet their needs.

You can use a client library to manage FusionAuth. For instance, if you wanted to rotate client secrets regularly, you could use a client library to do so.

It can also be used to integrate with a custom application to offer login experiences that are different from those that are offered out of the box. If, in your app, you wanted to prompt someone for a username first, then do a lookup, then offer them a custom password field, then prompt them to enter their favorite color, use a client library to perform these complicated, custom operations.

At FusionAuth, an **SDK** is an opinionated set of higher level constructs. These focus on a subset of functionality. These are like an assembled lego set.

These let you quickly accomplish the common tasks and are often targeted at developers working on the front end: mobile/React/Vue/Angular/JavaScript developers. 

FusionAuth SDKs have:

* A button/function for logging in
* A button/function for logging out
* A button/function to register the user
* A filter/some way to examine roles and limit information displayed to a given role or set of roles
* A way to refresh a token without asking the user to reauthenticate.
* Secure access and refresh token storage

SDKs should require minimal customization to use.

If you want both the easy solutions provided by an SDK and the fine-grained control provided by a client library, you can use an SDK and a client library in the same application.

## Languages

If we are missing a language, open a [GitHub Issue](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-issues/issues) as a Feature Request if you don't see it already listed as an open feature.

* [Angular SDK](/docs/sdks/angular-sdk) 
* [Go Client Library](/docs/sdks/go)
* [Java Client Library](/docs/sdks/java)
* [.NET Core Client Library](/docs/sdks/netcore)
* [OpenAPI Client Library](/docs/sdks/openapi)
* [PHP Client Library](/docs/sdks/php)
* [Python Client Library](/docs/sdks/python)
* [React SDK](/docs/sdks/react-sdk) 
* [Ruby Client Library](/docs/sdks/ruby)
* [Typescript Client Library](/docs/sdks/typescript)
* [Vue SDK](/docs/sdks/vue-sdk) 

There are also [community contributed client libraries for other languages](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-contrib/blob/main/client-libraries.md).

## Usage Suggestions

<HowToUseClientLibraries />

## Versioning

<Versioning/>

## Upgrade Policy

<SdkUpgradePolicy/>

# Java Client Library

import ExampleApps from 'src/content/docs/sdks/examples/_example-footer.astro';
import HowToUseClientLibraries from 'src/content/docs/sdks/_how-to-use-client-libraries.mdx';
import SdkUpgradePolicy from 'src/content/docs/sdks/_upgrade-policy.mdx';
import StaticPatchNote from 'src/content/docs/sdks/_static-patch-note.mdx';

The Java client library allows you to integrate FusionAuth with your Java application.

Source Code:

* https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-java-client

Maven Dependency
```xml
<dependency>
  <groupId>io.fusionauth</groupId>
  <artifactId>fusionauth-java-client</artifactId>
  <version>${fusionauth.version}</version>
</dependency>
```
When building your application, utilize the version that corresponds to the version of FusionAuth your running. View all available versions on [https://search.maven.org](https://search.maven.org/#search%7Cgav%7C1%7Cg%3A%22io.fusionauth%22%20AND%20a%3A%22fusionauth-java-client%22).

## Using the FusionAuth and consuming the ClientResponse

The Java client has two styles of use, the first return a `ClientResponse` object. This object contains everything that occurred while communicating with the FusionAuth server. If the communication with the server encountered a network issue, the `ClientResponse.exception` might contain an `IOException`.


The following code assumes FusionAuth is running on `http://localhost:9011` and uses an API key `6b87a398-39f2-4692-927b-13188a81a9a3`, you will need to supply your own API key, and if you are not running FusionAuth locally, your host parameter may be different.

Here is an example of using the `retrieveUserByEmail` method to retrieve a User by an email address.

```java
import com.inversoft.error.Errors;
import io.fusionauth.client.FusionAuthClient;
import io.fusionauth.domain.User;
import io.fusionauth.domain.api.UserResponse;
import com.inversoft.rest.ClientResponse;
public class Example {
  private final FusionAuthClient client;

  public Example() {
    client = new FusionAuthClient("6b87a398-39f2-4692-927b-13188a81a9a3", "http://localhost:9011");
  }

  public User getUserByEmail(String email) {
    ClientResponse<UserResponse, Errors> response = client.retrieveUserByEmail(email);
    if (response.wasSuccessful()) {
      return response.successResponse.user;
    } else if (response.errorResponse != null) {
      // Error Handling
      Errors errors = response.errorResponse;
    } else if (response.exception != null) {
      // Exception Handling
      Exception exception = response.exception;
    }

    return null;
  }
}
```

## Using the Lambda Delegate

The Java Client may also be used along with our Lambda delegate that provides exception handling and allows you to write code assuming a happy path.
Here is the same example from above using the lambda delegate:

```java
import com.inversoft.error.Errors;
import io.fusionauth.client.LambdaDelegate;
import io.fusionauth.client.FusionAuthClient;
import io.fusionauth.domain.User;
import com.inversoft.rest.ClientResponse;
public class Example {
  private final String apiKey = "6b87a398-39f2-4692-927b-13188a81a9a3";

  private final String fusionauthURL = "http://localhost:9011";

  private final FusionAuthClient client;

  private final LambdaDelegate delegate;

  public Example(String apiKey, String fusionauthURL) {
    this.client = new FusionAuthClient(apiKey, fusionauthURL);
    this.delegate = new LambdaDelegate(this.client, (r) -> r.successResponse, this::handleError);
  }

  public User getUserByEmail(String email) {
    return delegate.execute(c -> c.retrieveUserByEmail("user@example.com")).user;
  }

  private <T, U> void handleError(ClientResponse<T, U> clientResponse) {
    if (clientResponse.exception != null) {
      // Handle the exception
      ...
    } else if (clientResponse.errorResponse != null && clientResponse.errorResponse instanceof Errors) {
      // Handle errors
      ...
    }
  }
}
```

As you can see, using the lambda delegate requires less code to handle the success response and the error handling code can be re-used.

### Usage Suggestions

<HowToUseClientLibraries />

## PATCH requests

<StaticPatchNote client_library_language="Java" />

### Example Apps
<ExampleApps language="java" />

## Upgrade Policy

<SdkUpgradePolicy/>

# .NET Core Client Library

import Breadcrumb from 'src/components/Breadcrumb.astro';
import ExampleApps from 'src/content/docs/sdks/examples/_example-footer.astro';
import HowToUseClientLibraries from 'src/content/docs/sdks/_how-to-use-client-libraries.mdx';
import InlineField from 'src/components/InlineField.astro';
import InlineUIElement from 'src/components/InlineUIElement.astro';
import SdkUpgradePolicy from 'src/content/docs/sdks/_upgrade-policy.mdx';
import StaticPatchNote from 'src/content/docs/sdks/_static-patch-note.mdx';

The .NET Core client library allows you to integrate FusionAuth with your .NET Core application.

Source Code:

* https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-netcore-client

NuGet Package:

* https://www.nuget.org/packages/FusionAuth.Client/

To install the FusionAuth Client from NuGet run the following command.

```bash
Install-Package FusionAuth.Client
```
### Usage Suggestions

<HowToUseClientLibraries />


## PATCH requests

<StaticPatchNote client_library_language=".NET Core" />


## FusionAuth Templates for .NET

FusionAuth has a collection of .NET templates available as a NuGet package. Quickly create new secured .NET applications with FusionAuth templates using the .NET CLI or Visual Studio. The new applications are pre-configured to use FusionAuth for authentication and authorization. Only standard .NET security libraries are used in the templates.

Currently, the following .NET templates are implemented:

* FusionAuth Blazor Server Application.
* FusionAuth MVC Application.
* FusionAuth Web API Application.


### Requirements

* A FusionAuth installation. You can [install FusionAuth locally, or sign up for a hosted account](/docs/get-started/download-and-install).
* .NET Core 7.0 SDK or higher.
* Visual Studio 2022 for Mac, version 17.6 and above (optional).
* Visual Studio 2022 for Windows, version 17.6 and above (optional).


### Installing the Templates

FusionAuth .NET templates are available on [NuGet](https://www.nuget.org/packages/FusionAuth.Templates/). You can install them by running the following command in your terminal.

```bash
dotnet new install FusionAuth.Templates::1.0.0
```

When installed successfully, the templates will be available in the .NET CLI and Visual Studio. The installation is the same for both Windows and macOS.

### Using the Templates

To help you set up a valid application in FusionAuth, we have created a FusionAuth [Kickstart](/docs/get-started/download-and-install/development/kickstart), available on [GitHub](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-client-libraries/tree/main/kickstart/kickstart.json). Follow the instructions in the [README.md](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-client-libraries/tree/main/dotnet/templates/README.md) file to set up FusionAuth for your project. If you don't want to use the Kickstart file, you can set up your application manually in FusionAuth, using the values referenced in the [kickstart.json](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-client-libraries/tree/main/kickstart/kickstart.json) file.

Note that the Kickstart is designed to be used when starting up FusionAuth for the first time using `docker compose up`.

The FusionAuth instance created by the Kickstart assumes that your .NET project will be running on `HTTPS` on port `5001`. Your project might not run on the same port, as Visual Studio will randomly choose a port if the chosen one is already in use by another project. It may also be a different port if you run the project through IIS or another web server. In this case, update the `authorizedRedirectURL` and `logoutURL` variables in the [kickstart.json](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-client-libraries/tree/main/kickstart/kickstart.json) file to that of your project. You can also update the URLs on the Application settings page in the FusionAuth admin UI on [the OAuth tab](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications#oauth) at any time after the Kickstart has run.

Some templates will ask for a FusionAuth Client Secret when initializing a new project. Use a non-sensitive secret from a local FusionAuth installation. If you use the Kickstart to set up your FusionAuth instance, the Client Secret will be `change-this-in-production-to-be-a-real-secret`.

Do not use a production or sensitive Client Secret in the template prompts, as it is stored in the `appsettings.Development.json` file, and will be available in plain text and committed to your repo. To provide the Client Secret to your application in production, you should use one of the secure methods [recommended by Microsoft](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/security/app-secrets?view=aspnetcore-7.0&tabs=windows). The platform-independent key for the Client Secret setting is `FusionAuth__ClientSecret` if you want to provide the Client Secret via an [environment variable](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/security/app-secrets?view=aspnetcore-7.0&tabs=windows#environment-variables).

#### .NET CLI

To create a new project from a template, navigate to your new project directory and run the following command.

```bash
dotnet new [template-name] [options]
```

Where `[template-name]` is the name of the template you want to use from one of the following:

- `fusionauthblazorserver` creates a new Blazor Server application with FusionAuth authentication and authorization.
- `fusionauthmvcwebapp` creates a new MVC application with FusionAuth authentication and authorization.
- `fusionauthwebapi` creates a new Web API application with FusionAuth authentication and authorization.

Use `[options]` to provide your FusionAuth URL and FusionAuth Application Client Id. The following options are available:

- `--issuer` is the fully qualified URL to your FusionAuth server. The default value is `http://localhost:9011`.
- `--client-id` is the [Client Id](/docs/get-started/core-concepts/applications) associated with your application. The default value is `3c219e58-ed0e-4b18-ad48-f4f92793ae32`.
- `--port` is the port to run on under [Kestrel](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/fundamentals/servers/kestrel?view=aspnetcore-7.0), using HTTPS. The default value is `5001`. This can be changed after installation in the `appsettings.Development.json` file in the root directory of the project and `launchSettings.json` in the `Properties` directory of the project.

#### Visual Studio for macOS

FusionAuth .NET templates require Visual Studio for macOS version 17.6 or higher. 

To create a new project from a template, first create or open a Solution. Then select <Breadcrumb>File -> New Project</Breadcrumb>. In the <InlineUIElement>New Project</InlineUIElement> dialog, select <Breadcrumb>Custom</Breadcrumb> from the left-hand menu. Select the FusionAuth template you want to use and click <InlineUIElement>Continue</InlineUIElement>. Fill in the required information, including the fully qualified URL to your FusionAuth server and your FusionAuth Application Client Id. Click <InlineUIElement>Continue</InlineUIElement>.

Set the project name and click <InlineUIElement>Create</InlineUIElement>.

#### Visual Studio for Windows

FusionAuth .NET templates require Visual Studio for Windows version 17.6 or higher. 

To create a new project from a template, first create or open a Solution. Then select <Breadcrumb>File -> New Project</Breadcrumb>. In the <InlineUIElement>New Project</InlineUIElement> dialog, select "FusionAuth" from the <InlineField>All project types</InlineField> dropdown. Select the FusionAuth template you want to use. Set the project name and click <InlineUIElement>Next</InlineUIElement>. Fill in the required information, including the fully qualified URL to your FusionAuth server and your FusionAuth Application Client Id.

Click <InlineUIElement>Create</InlineUIElement>.

### Testing

To test projects created using the .NET templates, refer to the testing section in the [README.md](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-example-client-libraries/tree/main/dotnet/templates/README.md) file.

### Uninstalling the Templates

You can uninstall the templates using the following command.

```bash
dotnet new uninstall FusionAuth.Templates
```

You will need to restart Visual Studio for the changes to take effect.

### Example Apps
<ExampleApps language="netcore" />

## Upgrade Policy

<SdkUpgradePolicy/>

# OpenAPI Specification

This OpenAPI Specification allows you to use FusionAuth with OpenAPI tooling. It supports OpenAPI version 3.

The [OpenAPI specification project](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-openapi) contains the YAML file and a README with further information, including known issues.

The [current OpenAPI specification](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-openapi/main/openapi.yaml) suitable for downloading and using.

# PHP Client Library

import ExampleApps from 'src/content/docs/sdks/examples/_example-footer.astro';
import HowToUseClientLibraries from 'src/content/docs/sdks/_how-to-use-client-libraries.mdx';
import SdkUpgradePolicy from 'src/content/docs/sdks/_upgrade-policy.mdx';

The PHP client library allows you to integrate FusionAuth with your PHP application. 

Source code:

* https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-php-client

### Install the library

To use the client library on your project simply copy the PHP source files from the `src` directory to your project or the following
 Composer package.

Packagist

* https://packagist.org/packages/fusionauth/fusionauth-client

```bash
composer require fusionauth/fusionauth-client
```

Include composer autoloader

```php
require __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';
```

### Usage Suggestions

<HowToUseClientLibraries />


### Create the Client

The following code assumes FusionAuth is running on `http://localhost:9011` and uses an API key `5a826da2-1e3a-49df-85ba-cd88575e4e9d`, you will need to supply your own API key, and if you are not running FusionAuth locally, your host parameter may be different.

```php
$apiKey = "5a826da2-1e3a-49df-85ba-cd88575e4e9d";
$client = new FusionAuth\FusionAuthClient($apiKey, "http://localhost:9011");
```

### Login a user

```php
$applicationId = "68364852-7a38-4e15-8c48-394eceafa601";

$request = array();
$request["applicationId"] = $applicationId;
$request["loginId"] = "joe@fusionauth.io";
$request["password"] = "abc123";
$result = $client->login($request);
if (!$result->wasSuccessful()) {
 // Error
}

{/*  Hooray! Success */}
```

### Example Apps
<ExampleApps language="php" />


### Other PHP Libraries

Here are other PHP libraries that may be useful. Some are community supported; please visit the library website to learn more.

* [WordPress OpenID Connect Plugin](https://github.com/FusionAuth/wordpress-openid-connect)
* [FusionAuth Provider for the PHP League's OAuth 2.0 Client](https://github.com/jerryhopper/oauth2-fusionauth)
* [FusionAuth Provider for Laravel Socialite](https://github.com/SocialiteProviders/FusionAuth)

## Upgrade Policy

<SdkUpgradePolicy/>

# Python Client Library

import ExampleApps from 'src/content/docs/sdks/examples/_example-footer.astro';
import HowToUseClientLibraries from 'src/content/docs/sdks/_how-to-use-client-libraries.mdx';
import SdkUpgradePolicy from 'src/content/docs/sdks/_upgrade-policy.mdx';

The Python client library allows you to integrate FusionAuth with your Python application.

Source code:

* https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-python-client

PyPI Package:

* https://pypi.org/project/fusionauth-client/

To install the FusionAuth Python Client package run:

```bash
pip install fusionauth-client
```


The following code assumes FusionAuth is running on `http://localhost:9011` and uses an API key `6b87a398-39f2-4692-927b-13188a81a9a3`, you will need to supply your own API key, and if you are not running FusionAuth locally, your host parameter may be different.

Here is an example of using the `create_user` method to create, and then the `retrieveUserByEmail` method to retrieve the User by email address.

```python
from fusionauth.fusionauth_client import FusionAuthClient

#  You must supply your API key and URL here
client = FusionAuthClient('6b87a398-39f2-4692-927b-13188a81a9a3', 'http://localhost:9011')

user_request = {
    'sendSetPasswordEmail': False,
    'skipVerification': True,
    'user': {
        'email': 'art@vandaleyindustries.com',
        'password': 'password'
    }
}

client_response = client.create_user(user_request)

# Create a User
if client_response.was_successful():
    print(client_response.success_response)
else:
    print(client_response.error_response)

# Retrieve a user by email address
client_response = client.retrieve_user_by_email('art@vandaleyindustries.com')
if client_response.was_successful():
    print(client_response.success_response)
else:
    print(client_response.error_response)
```

### Usage Suggestions

<HowToUseClientLibraries />

### Example Apps
<ExampleApps language="python" />

## Upgrade Policy

<SdkUpgradePolicy/>

# React SDK

import HostedBackendWarning from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_hosted-backend-warning.md';
import RemoteContent from 'src/components/RemoteContent.astro';
import SdkUpgradePolicy from 'src/content/docs/sdks/_upgrade-policy.mdx';

<RemoteContent url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-javascript-sdk/main/packages/sdk-react/README.md"
               tags="forDocSite" />

## Usage With FusionAuth Cloud

<HostedBackendWarning />

## Source Code

The source code is available here: https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-javascript-sdk/tree/main/packages/sdk-react/

## Upgrade Policy

<SdkUpgradePolicy/>

# Ruby Client Library

import ExampleApps from 'src/content/docs/sdks/examples/_example-footer.astro';
import HowToUseClientLibraries from 'src/content/docs/sdks/_how-to-use-client-libraries.mdx';
import SdkUpgradePolicy from 'src/content/docs/sdks/_upgrade-policy.mdx';

The Ruby client library allows you to integrate FusionAuth with your Ruby application.

Source Code:

* https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-ruby-client

Gem:

* https://rubygems.org/gems/fusionauth_client

To install the FusionAuth Ruby Gem package run:

```bash
gem install fusionauth_client
```

The following code assumes FusionAuth is running on `http://localhost:9011` and uses an API key `6b87a398-39f2-4692-927b-13188a81a9a3`, you will need to supply your own API key, and if you are not running FusionAuth locally, your host parameter may be different.

Here is an example of using the `register` and the `login` methods to create a new User and Registration and then login the user.

```ruby
require 'fusionauth/fusionauth_client'
require 'securerandom'
require 'pp'

# Construct the FusionAuth Client
client = FusionAuth::FusionAuthClient.new(
    'REPLACE_ME',
    'http://localhost:9011'
)

application_id = '85a03867-dccf-4882-adde-1a79aeec50df'

# Create a user + registration
id = SecureRandom.uuid
response = client.register(id, {
    user: {
        firstName: 'Ruby',
        lastName: 'User',
        email: 'ruby_user@example.com',
        password: 'password'
    },
    registration: {
        applicationId: application_id,
        data: {
            foo: 'bar'
        },
        preferredLanguages: %w(en fr),
        roles: %w(dev)
    }
})

if response.success_response
  pp response.success_response
else
  if response.exception
    # if we can't connect
    print response.exception
  end
  print "status: #{response.status}"
  print response.error_response
  exit
end

```

### Usage Suggestions

<HowToUseClientLibraries />

### Example Apps
<ExampleApps language="ruby" />

## Upgrade Policy

<SdkUpgradePolicy/>

# Swift SDK for iOS

import RemoteContent from 'src/components/RemoteContent.astro';

<RemoteContent url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-swift-sdk/main/README.md"
    tags="forDocSiteOverview" />

## Getting Started

If you are new to iOS development, you may want to start with the Quickstart guide. If you are already familiar with iOS development, skip to the Configuration section.

### Quickstart

<RemoteContent url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-swift-sdk/main/README.md"
               tags="forDocSiteQuickstart" />

### Configuration

<RemoteContent url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-swift-sdk/main/README.md"
    tags="forDocSiteGettingStarted" />

## Usage

<RemoteContent url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-swift-sdk/main/README.md"
    tags="forDocSiteUsage" />

## Example App

<RemoteContent url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-swift-sdk/main/README.md"
    tags="forDocSiteExampleApp" />

## Documentation

<RemoteContent url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-swift-sdk/main/README.md"
    tags="forDocSiteDocumentation" />

## Source Code

The source code is available here: https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-swift-sdk/

# Typescript Client Library

import Aside from 'src/components/Aside.astro';
import ExampleApps from 'src/content/docs/sdks/examples/_example-footer.astro';
import HowToUseClientLibraries from 'src/content/docs/sdks/_how-to-use-client-libraries.mdx';
import PublicClientNote from 'src/content/docs/sdks/_public-client-note.mdx';
import SdkUpgradePolicy from 'src/content/docs/sdks/_upgrade-policy.mdx';

The Typescript client library allows you to integrate FusionAuth with your JavaScript application.

Regardless of the fact that this is written in TypeScript, this client supports both Node.js and Browser environments without requiring that your application is also written in typescript.

### Installing

#### Source Code:

* https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-typescript-client

#### NPM Package:

* https://www.npmjs.com/package/@fusionauth/typescript-client

To install the FusionAuth Typescript Client package run:

```bash
npm install @fusionauth/typescript-client
```

#### Browser bundle:

We also release a prebundled version of the client for the browser on our GitHub releases page. This version can be simply included as an HTML `<script>` and `FusionAuthClient` will be available to any scripts on the page.

* https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-typescript-client/releases

### Examples

<Aside type="note">
Please note that if you will be using this client library in front end code such as a web browser you will not have a secure way to store an API key. You may optionally pass a value of `null` for the API key parameter and still make API requests that do not require an API key.
</Aside>

The following examples assumes FusionAuth is running on `http://localhost:9011` and uses an API key `bf69486b-4733-4470-a592-f1bfce7af580`, you will need to supply your own API key, and if you are not running FusionAuth locally, your host parameter may be different.

The following examples all use `retrieveUserByEmail` as a basic use case of FusionAuth. Additionally, while the examples are written in TypeScript, this does not prevent you from using raw JavaScript instead in your own application.

#### Node.js

```typescript
import {FusionAuthClient} from '@fusionauth/typescript-client';
const client = new FusionAuthClient('bf69486b-4733-4470-a592-f1bfce7af580', 'https://local.fusionauth.io');
client.retrieveUserByEmail('user@example.com')
      .then(clientResponse => {
        console.log("User:", JSON.stringify(clientResponse.response.user, null, 2));
      }).catch(console.error);
```

You can also find this example's [source code](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-typescript-client/tree/main/examples/node-example) in the [typescript repo](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-typescript-client).

#### Browser

In the browser, all of the exported objects are under the namespace FusionAuth to prevent polluting the global namespace.

```html
<script src="fusionauth-typescript-client.min.js"></script>
<script>
const client = new FusionAuth.FusionAuthClient('bf69486b-4733-4470-a592-f1bfce7af580', 'https://local.fusionauth.io');
client.retrieveUserByEmail('user@example.com')
      .then(clientResponse => {
        console.log("User:", JSON.stringify(clientResponse.response.user, null, 2));
      }).catch(console.error);
</script>
```

You can also find this example's [source code](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-typescript-client/tree/main/examples/browser-example) in the [typescript repo](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-typescript-client).

#### Hybrid

You can write the hybrid exactly the same as the Node.js example (but keep in mind that API keys will be exported so it is not recommended to use API keys at all). The key difference in this case is the build script. Instead of just using `tsc` to compile and running Node.js on the resulting JavaScript, you will instead use a tool like `browserify` or `webpack` to build your script. This example uses `browserify` for simplicity.

We can easily build a hybrid project using one of two commands, each associated with the target

```bash
# Compile for Node.js
tsc
# Compile for browser
npm run build-browser
# AKA
npx browserify example.ts --debug -p tsify -t browserify-shim -o dist/example-browser.js
```

You can also find this example's [source code](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-typescript-client/tree/main/examples/hybrid-example) in the [typescript repo](https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-typescript-client).

### Usage Suggestions

<HowToUseClientLibraries />

### Client Authentication

<PublicClientNote />

### Example Apps
<ExampleApps language="javascript" />

## Upgrade Policy

<SdkUpgradePolicy/>

# Vue SDK

import HostedBackendWarning from 'src/content/docs/_shared/_hosted-backend-warning.md';
import RemoteContent from 'src/components/RemoteContent.astro';
import SdkUpgradePolicy from 'src/content/docs/sdks/_upgrade-policy.mdx';

<RemoteContent url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-javascript-sdk/main/packages/sdk-vue/README.md"
               tags="forDocSite" />

## Usage With FusionAuth Cloud

<HostedBackendWarning />

## Source Code

The source code is available here: https://github.com/FusionAuth/fusionauth-javascript-sdk/tree/main/packages/sdk-vue/

## Upgrade Policy

<SdkUpgradePolicy/>